Premise: How accurate did Guo make the reformed lunisolar calendar?

Hypothesis: During the Yuan period, Beijing became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China, which was completely renovated.


Premise: Of what form is the infinite amount of primes that comprise the special cases of Schinzel's hypothesis?

Hypothesis: These conjectures are special cases of the broad Schinzel's hypothesis H. Brocard's conjecture says that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2.


Premise: How much was the Apollo project estimated to have cost from 1959 to 1973, the length of the program?

Hypothesis: In 2009, NASA held a symposium on project costs which presented an estimate of the Apollo program costs in 2005 dollars as roughly $170 billion.


Premise: When were the French wars of religion?

Hypothesis: The former, with their violence, caused the wanton destruction of many Norman edifices; the latter, with its assault on religion, caused the purposeful destruction of religious objects of any type, and its destabilisation of society resulted in rampant pillaging.


Premise: Who was this season's NFL MVP?

Hypothesis: The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15–1 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP).


Premise: Besides the arguments with Rome and his own fellow reformers, what scandal  contributed to Luther's failing health?

Hypothesis: Luther had been suffering from ill health for years, including Ménière's disease, vertigo, fainting, tinnitus, and a cataract in one eye.


Premise: What is an example of a pump component?

Hypothesis: Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation, and superheaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point, and various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes.


Premise: The inside of a ctenophore is lined with what?

Hypothesis: In other parts of the canal system, the gastrodermis is different on the sides nearest to and furthest from the organ that it supplies.


Premise: Prior to Super Bowl 50, when were the Carolina Panthers last there?

Hypothesis: The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII, while the Panthers made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII.


Premise: A language solved in quadratic time implies the use of what type of Turing machine?

Hypothesis: This forms the basis for the complexity class P, which is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time.


Premise: How long does it take to know the outcome of a division?

Hypothesis: As a result, the outcome of each division is known in seconds.


Premise: Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner dated 1875 is made of what from material?

Hypothesis: One of the finest objects displayed is Suzuki Chokichi's bronze incense burner (koro) dated 1875, standing at over 2.25 metres high and 1.25 metres in diameter it is also one of the largest examples made.


Premise: What type of authority do Sudbury schools prefer?

Hypothesis: Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike.


Premise: What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do?

Hypothesis: As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring.


Premise: What is beta carotene?

Hypothesis: There are about thirty photosynthetic carotenoids.


Premise: What were the "great Forces" mentioned in the article's title?

Hypothesis: Tesla made predictions about the relevant issues of a post-World War I environment in a printed article, "Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War" (20 December 1914).


Premise: What is evidence chloroplasts descended from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?

Hypothesis: The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane is often cited as evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.


Premise: Does BSkyB carry any control over the picture quality of a channel?

Hypothesis: However, even in this case, BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.


Premise: What was the only region in Europe not conquered by the Germanic tribes?

Hypothesis: Although by 1000 CE, the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe (west of and including Italy) was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia.


Premise: What direction did Watson say the mistake went in?

Hypothesis: The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened".


Premise: What theoretical device is attributed to Alan Turing?

Hypothesis: Before the actual research explicitly devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems started off, numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers.


Premise: What equation desribed the physics of force before the current Schrodinger equation?

Hypothesis: The notion "force" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables and though the physics is now described by the Schrödinger equation instead of Newtonian equations.


Premise: What is  565 °C the creep limit of?

Hypothesis: This gives a theoretical Carnot efficiency of about 63% compared with an actual efficiency of 42% for a modern coal-fired power station.


Premise: What is different about Paulinella chromatophora?

Hypothesis: While most chloroplasts originate from that first set of endosymbiotic events, Paulinella chromatophora is an exception that acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont more recently.


Premise: What is the first line of defense against pathogens that prevents them from entering an organism?

Hypothesis: This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time this pathogen is encountered.


Premise: By 199 how many universities were connected

Hypothesis: The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) came on line in April 1995 as part of a National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored project to provide high-speed interconnection between NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers and select access points in the United States.


Premise: What are those with lower incomes often unable to manage?

Hypothesis: Firstly, certain costs are difficult to avoid and are shared by everyone, such as the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care.


Premise: What is the first major bend in the Rhine called?

Hypothesis: The most important tributaries in this area are the Ill below of Strasbourg, the Neckar in Mannheim and the Main across from Mainz.


Premise: What did Wiesner shout out in front of the press during a presentation by von Braun?

Hypothesis: Webb jumped in and defended von Braun, until Kennedy ended the squabble by stating that the matter was "still subject to final review".


Premise: What society founded the University of Chicago?

Hypothesis: Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892.


Premise: What pathway that plays a role in immune response to viruses is present in all eukaryotes?

Hypothesis: Antimicrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants, and represent the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity.


Premise: When did Henry issue the Edict of Nantes?

Hypothesis: The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism, issued the Edict of Nantes.


Premise: What kind of chloroplasts do Euglenophytes have?

Hypothesis: Euglenophyte chloroplasts have a pyrenoid and thylakoids stacked in groups of three.


Premise: What does the Ruhr provide to it's community?

Hypothesis: The Ruhr currently provides the region with drinking water.


Premise: In a 4-cylinder compound engine, what degree were the individual pistons balanced at?

Hypothesis: When the double expansion group is duplicated, producing a 4-cylinder compound, the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at 180°, the groups being set at 90° to each other.


Premise: What kind of system of infection involves inserting a hollow tube into a host cell?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, using a type III secretion system, they may insert a hollow tube into the host cell, providing a direct route for proteins to move from the pathogen to the host.


Premise: which years did tesla refer to as a time of terrible headaches and bitter tears?

Hypothesis: He even lost control of the patents he had generated since he had assigned them to the company in lieu of stock.


Premise: Which section of the Rhine is most factories found?

Hypothesis: Other rivers in the Ruhr Area, above all, the Emscher, still carry a considerable degree of pollution.


Premise: What health company was a Super Bowl sponsor?

Hypothesis: For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee and the NFL have openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in Business Connect, the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl.


Premise: What caused the US public to condemn the occupation of the philippines?

Hypothesis: The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine.


Premise: What articles state that unless conferred, powers remain with member states?

Hypothesis: Many member state courts believe they decide, other member state Parliaments believe they decide, while within the EU, the Court of Justice believes it has the final say.


Premise: What happens to reactive oxygen species signals since they don't leave the chloroplast?

Hypothesis: After detecting stress in a cell, which might be due to a pathogen, chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species which can serve as defense-signals.


Premise: Approximately how many items comprise the jewelry collection of the V&A?

Hypothesis: Other items in the collection include diamond dress ornaments made for Catherine the Great, bracelet clasps once belonging to Marie Antoinette, and the Beauharnais emerald necklace presented by Napoleon to his adopted daughter Hortense de Beauharnais in 1806.


Premise: Where does the Amazon region rate among the entire earth for its amount of biodiversity?

Hypothesis: The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth with one 2001 study finding a quarter square kilometer (62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species.


Premise: What proposed attacks did Shirley plan?

Hypothesis: In addition to renewing the efforts to capture Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne, he proposed attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec.


Premise: Who was Philip I?

Hypothesis: Agreement was achieved on fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist – the sacrament of the Lord's Supper—an issue crucial to Luther.


Premise: What political group began to gain support following the corruption scandal?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network.


Premise: How long ago was it when the water broke through the Purus Arch?

Hypothesis: During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.


Premise: What are the 3 post popular libraries for undergraduates in the Harvard system?

Hypothesis: According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world.


Premise: By which year did the American cars mpg start to improve?

Hypothesis: An increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales.


Premise: Which continents are represented in the V&A's textiles collection?

Hypothesis: The collection of textiles consists of more than 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD to the present, this is the largest such collection in the world.


Premise: Some people describe what between individuals or groups as imperialism or colonialism?

Hypothesis: However, this internal colonialism faced resistance, as external colonialism did, but the anti-colonial presence was far less prominent due to the nearly complete dominance that the United States was able to assert over both indigenous peoples and African-Americans.


Premise: In what year was the school renamed as Harvard College?

Hypothesis: It was initially called "New College" or "the college at New Towne".


Premise: In 1984 Thomas Murphy contacted Leonard Goldenson about merging ABC with what company?

Hypothesis: In December 1984, Thomas S. Murphy, chief executive officer of Capital Cities Communications, contacted Leonard Goldenson about a proposal to merge their respective companies.


Premise: France laid siege to Montpellier in what year?

Hypothesis: A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party.


Premise: When do Plastoglobuli occur in linked groups?

Hypothesis: Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating in the stroma, but it is now thought that they are permanently attached either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid, a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network.


Premise: What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed?

Hypothesis: The Book of Discipline also recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon.


Premise: In what year was Roger II made king?

Hypothesis: Roger's son, Roger II of Sicily, was crowned king in 1130 (exactly one century after Rainulf was "crowned" count) by Antipope Anacletus II.


Premise: What museum specializes in cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?

Hypothesis: The Arthur M. Sackler Museum includes collections of ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, formerly the Germanic Museum, covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum of Art, covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art.


Premise: What later actions by the Nazis could be traced back to Luther's rhetoric?

Hypothesis: According to the prevailing view among historians, his anti-Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany, and in the 1930s and 1940s provided an "ideal underpinning" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews.


Premise: Why were Southern Chinese ranked lower?

Hypothesis: The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.


Premise: What is the name of the basin that was created from a enclosed lake?

Hypothesis: As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solimões Basin.


Premise: What charity benefited from the 30th anniversary show?

Hypothesis: In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special, titled Dimensions in Time was produced for Children in Need, featuring all of the surviving actors who played the Doctor and a number of previous companions.


Premise: What did the Mongol elites wish Buyantu didn't do?

Hypothesis: He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite.


Premise: What was William Johnson's Iroquois name?

Hypothesis: The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning "He who does great things."


Premise: How old was Katharina when she married Luther?

Hypothesis: At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old.


Premise: How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: Who was appointed to be ABC's president by Noble in 1950?

Hypothesis: In 1950, Noble appointed Robert Kintner to be ABC's president while he himself served as its CEO, a position he would hold until his death in 1958.


Premise: In what year did ABC submit licenses for 5 television stations?

Hypothesis: To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, one for each market where it owned and operated a radio station (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Detroit).


Premise: When did Tesla depart from Colorado Springs?

Hypothesis: His lab was torn down in 1904, and its contents were sold two years later to satisfy a debt.


Premise: How did the committee raise the money?

Hypothesis: The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health.


Premise: What is the name of contemporary Mongolian currency?

Hypothesis: There have been repeated discussions about regulating the use of his name and image to avoid trivialization.


Premise: What words are inscribed on the mace of parliament?

Hypothesis: In front of the Presiding Officers' desk is the parliamentary mace, which is made from silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity.


Premise: When did the FCC freeze incoming applications for new stations?

Hypothesis: In October 1948, as a result of an influx of television station license applications that it had issued as well as a study it undertook on the use of the VHF spectrum for broadcasting purposes, the FCC implemented a freeze on new station applications.


Premise: what other digital TV service took Sky UK Limited's most popular spot?

Hypothesis: It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015.


Premise: What could Tesla perform in his head?

Hypothesis: In 1870, Tesla moved to Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekulić.:32


Premise: What was Temur Khan's Chinese-style name?

Hypothesis: Thus, Zhenjin's third son, with the support of his mother Kökejin and the minister Bayan, succeeded the throne and ruled as Temür Khan, or Emperor Chengzong, from 1294 to 1307.


Premise: What was the subtitle of the Independence Day movie that had a trailer during the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle, Lionsgate paid for Gods of Egypt, Paramount paid for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets and the debut trailer for Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War, The Jungle Book and Alice Through the Looking Glass.[citation needed]


Premise: Where was a lab for Tesla set up?

Hypothesis: They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan where he worked on improving and developing new types of electric motors, generators and other devices.


Premise: When did ISIL pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?

Hypothesis: The group gained prominence after it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in a 2014 offensive.


Premise: Who hosted the bandstand show debuted on ABC in 1957?

Hypothesis: It was not until the late 1950s that the ABC network became a serious contender to NBC and CBS, and this was in large part due to the diverse range of programming that met the expectations of the public, such as westerns and detective series.


Premise: Besides Confucianism, Buddhism, and Islam, what religions were tolerated during the Yuan?

Hypothesis: Buddhism (especially Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism endured certain persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government.


Premise: Who edited Electrical World magazine?

Hypothesis: In 1888, the editor of Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin (a friend and publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor, at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE).


Premise: What prize did Peter Higgs win?

Hypothesis: Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School, actors Charlie Hunnam and James Scott, entertainers Ant and Dec and international footballers Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were born in Newcastle.


Premise: What kind of memory was Tesla thought to have?

Hypothesis: Tesla read many works, memorizing complete books, and supposedly possessed a photographic memory.:33


Premise: What was Houghton's role?

Hypothesis: John Houghton, who was a co-chair of TAR WGI, has responded to Lindzen's criticisms of the SPM.


Premise: Who challenges the notion of the Kuznets curve hypothesis?

Hypothesis: Moreover, Piketty argues that the "magical" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.


Premise: What types of European groups were able to avoid the plague?

Hypothesis: The plague was somewhat less common in parts of Europe that had smaller trade relations with their neighbours, including the Kingdom of Poland, the majority of the Basque Country, isolated parts of Belgium and the Netherlands, and isolated alpine villages throughout the continent.


Premise: Under Elie Metchnikoff's cellular theory, what cells were responsible for immune response?

Hypothesis: According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses.


Premise: When did the last glacial end?

Hypothesis: The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum).


Premise: What was Sadat seeking by releasing Islamists from prison?

Hypothesis: This "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists broke down in 1975 but not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions.


Premise: Where did one of Triton's daughters decide she wanted to hang out and stay?

Hypothesis: One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark and can be seen sitting at the entrance to the port of Copenhagen.


Premise: What company filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934 concerning problems establishing new stations?

Hypothesis: In 1934, Mutual filed a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding its difficulties in establishing new stations, in a radio market that was already being saturated by NBC and CBS.


Premise: What is a derogatory term for the Christian academies that arose in the wake of school desegregation?

Hypothesis: Since the 1970s, many of these "segregation academies" have shut down, although some continue to operate.[citation needed]


Premise: Who announced the game play-by-play for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: How many teams can boast a 15–1 regular season record?

Hypothesis: For the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl.


Premise: What institution has helped farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?

Hypothesis: A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties, instead of maize, in particularly dry areas.


Premise: How recently has the homes in Fresno been restored?

Hypothesis: The residential architecture of the Tower District contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno.


Premise: Who were the astronauts aboard the Apollo 11 mission?

Hypothesis: The astronauts returned safely on July 24.


Premise: What do some sources say Nikola's brother died from?

Hypothesis: On 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospić under police guard for not having a residence permit.


Premise: Who was Kennedy's science adviser that opposed manned spacecraft flights?

Hypothesis: Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner, who had expressed his opposition to manned spaceflight to Kennedy before the President took office, and had opposed the decision to land men on the Moon, hired Golovin, who had left NASA, to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel", ostensibly to monitor, but actually to second-guess NASA's decisions on the Saturn V launch vehicle and LOR by forcing Shea, Seamans, and even Webb to defend themselves, delaying its formal announcement to the press on July 11, 1962, and forcing Webb to still hedge the decision as "tentative".


Premise: What might the fees to attend an Irish boarding school rise to?

Hypothesis: The average fee is around €5,000 annually for most schools, but some of these schools also provide boarding and the fees may then rise up to €25,000 per year.


Premise: How long was the longest Doctor Who Christmas Special?

Hypothesis: 826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for Resurrection of the Daleks in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's The Five Doctors and the 1996 television film), eight Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010 and 2013.


Premise: What is the approximate condenser temperature in a turbine?

Hypothesis: Without the pressure reaching supercritical levels for the working fluid, the temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small; in steam turbines, turbine entry temperatures are typically 565 °C (the creep limit of stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 °C.


Premise: Where did the discharge from glaciers go in Europe in the last Ice Age?

Hypothesis: As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring.


Premise: Who do Priesthood representatives defer to, at times?

Hypothesis: Even Priesthood representatives are expected to defer to the father of the house when in his home.


Premise: Who are committees comprised of?

Hypothesis: Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament.


Premise: Which system comes after an organism's physical barriers?

Hypothesis: This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time this pathogen is encountered.


Premise: What did a greedy merchant do to the mermaid?

Hypothesis: One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark and can be seen sitting at the entrance to the port of Copenhagen.


Premise: Who edited Tesla's autobiography?

Hypothesis: Among his books are My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by Ben Johnston; The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by David Hatcher Childress; and The Tesla Papers.


Premise: What do the Animal Locomotion photographs capture?

Hypothesis: These sequences of photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture images of different animals and humans performimg various actions.


Premise: Where did scientists find their Y. pestis sample?

Hypothesis: They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences.


Premise: What are the laws of physics of Galileo, in reference to objest in motion and rest?

Hypothesis: Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium "natural state" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the "natural state of rest".


Premise: What was later discovered written by Luther?

Hypothesis: A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement.


Premise: Which fullback fumbled the ball after a Darian Stewart tackle?

Hypothesis: However, the Panthers soon took the ball back when defensive end Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it, returning the ball 19 yards to the Panthers 39-yard line with 1:55 left on the clock.


Premise: Who served his dinner?

Hypothesis: He dined alone, except on the rare occasions when he would give a dinner to a group to meet his social obligations.


Premise: What did the Ominde Commission do?

Hypothesis: The commission focused on identity and unity, which were critical issues at the time.


Premise: When did Prime Minister Wilson commit to some form of devolved legislature?

Hypothesis: However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament.


Premise: What is the title of Edwards book about Luther?

Hypothesis: Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately used "vulgarity and violence" for effect, both in his writings condemning the Jews and in diatribes against "Turks" (Muslims) and Catholics.


Premise: Salafism posits that democracy is responsible for what type of horrible events of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: While this effort has by no means converted all, or even most Muslims to the Wahhabist interpretation of Islam, it has done much to overwhelm more moderate local interpretations, and has set the Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the "gold standard" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims.


Premise: Scholars stated that there was already an existing settlement between 2 parties prior to which date?

Hypothesis: The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR was of more concern to the US than oil.


Premise: How is income inequality generally viewed by workers?

Hypothesis: "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair.


Premise: What were the two forms of environmental determinism?

Hypothesis: This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.


Premise: In what year did Lavoisier publish his work on combustion?

Hypothesis: This and other experiments on combustion were documented in his book Sur la combustion en général, which was published in 1777.


Premise: When did Tesla give a demonstration of his remote control boat?

Hypothesis: In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat—which he dubbed "teleautomaton"—to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden.


Premise: Who headed the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?

Hypothesis: In 1893 Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company sought Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls.


Premise: What kind of engines did the biplane design have?

Hypothesis: Although the aircraft was probably impractical, it may be the earliest known design for what became the tiltrotor/tilt-wing concept as well as the earliest proposal for the use of turbine engines in rotor aircraft.[improper synthesis?]


Premise: When did the university decide to start multimillion-dollar expansion projects?

Hypothesis: During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $300 million to the university's Booth School of Business, which is the largest gift in the university's history and the largest gift ever to any business school.


Premise: What are the agents detected by the immune system called?

Hypothesis: The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.


Premise: What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by p?

Hypothesis: In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime).


Premise: How was the fate of Luther decided?

Hypothesis: Over the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate.


Premise: What is the frequency of the radio station WBT in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: WBT will also simulcast the game on its sister station WBT-FM (99.3 FM), which is based in Chester, South Carolina.


Premise: Newborns are vulnerable to infection because they have no previous exposure to what?

Hypothesis: This is passive immunity because the fetus does not actually make any memory cells or antibodies—it only borrows them.


Premise: Who designed the plaster work in the Art Library?

Hypothesis: The final part of the museum designed by Scott was the Art Library and what is now the sculpture gallery on the south side of the garden, built 1877–83, the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet were designed by Reuben Townroe who also designed the plaster work in the library, Sir John Taylor designed the book shelves and cases, also this was the first part of the museum to have electric lighting.


Premise: Where were Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham relocated to after different astronauts were selected for the AS-258 mission?

Hypothesis: In December 1966, the AS-205 mission was canceled, since the validation of the CSM would be accomplished on the 14-day first flight, and AS-205 would have been devoted to space experiments and contribute no new engineering knowledge about the spacecraft.


Premise: When did Gerhard Lessing reach his conclusions about Luther?

Hypothesis: Lessing (1755) had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy on this issue.


Premise: How frequent is snow in the Southwest of the state?

Hypothesis: But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.


Premise: What developmental network was discontinued after the shutdown of ABC1?

Hypothesis: The policy regarding wholly owned international networks was revived in 2004 when on September 27 of that year, ABC announced the launch of ABC1, a free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group.


Premise: Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: What is the clarity of liquid oxygen?

Hypothesis: Liquid oxygen may also be produced by condensation out of air, using liquid nitrogen as a coolant.


Premise: When did rapid warming begin and help vegetation?

Hypothesis: As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring.


Premise: Who is the parent company of NDS?

Hypothesis: The receivers, though designed and built by different manufacturers, must conform to the same user interface look-and-feel as all the others.


Premise: What has replaced the former shipping premises?

Hypothesis: Large-scale regeneration has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments; an innovative tilting bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council and has integrated the older Newcastle Quayside more closely with major cultural developments in Gateshead, including the BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art, the venue for the Turner Prize 2011 and the Norman Foster-designed The Sage Gateshead music centre.


Premise: What did he find that could constitute a hazard?

Hypothesis: Two days later, the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen.


Premise: What forest is by Warsaw's southern border?

Hypothesis: Bielany Forest, located within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest.


Premise: When American car companies rolled out with their domestic replacement cars, which policy ended?

Hypothesis: Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck, followed by the Mazda Truck (sold as the Ford Courier), and the Isuzu-built Chevrolet LUV.


Premise: In what city is SAP Center located?

Hypothesis: The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose.


Premise: How many people lived in Fresno in 2000, according to the Census Bureau?

Hypothesis: Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.9% of the population.


Premise: Where was the location of the 2003 Rose revolution?

Hypothesis: One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution.


Premise: Why did al-Qaeda tell ISIL to take a hike?

Hypothesis: Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which complained of its failure to consult and "notorious intransigence").


Premise: Who was the head of the household that Temüjin joined when he was nine years old?

Hypothesis: Temüjin was to live there in service to Dai Setsen, the head of the new household, until he reached the marriageable age of 12.


Premise: What is the smalled work force sector?

Hypothesis: 22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75% of the labour force (a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security – an important catalyst of economic growth)


Premise: Who else did Tesla make the acquaintance of in 1886?

Hypothesis: Based on Tesla's patents and other ideas they agreed to back him financially and handle his patents.


Premise: When will Ford's manufacturing plants close?

Hypothesis: Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013, followed by Ford's decision in December of the same year (Ford's Victorian plants—in Broadmeadows and Geelong—will close in October 2016).


Premise: What is the group called that does not agree with government at all?

Hypothesis: And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others.


Premise: What applies to equally to constant velocity motion as it does to rest.

Hypothesis: It is the inertia of the ball associated with its constant velocity in the direction of the vehicle's motion that ensures the ball continues to move forward even as it is thrown up and falls back down.


Premise: Why is Warsaw's flora very rich in species?

Hypothesis: The species richness is mainly due to the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions comprising substantial proportions of close-to-wilderness areas (natural forests, wetlands along the Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests.


Premise: What do chloroplasts in mesophyll cells specialized use to make ATP?

Hypothesis: As a result, chloroplasts in C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis.


Premise: When was the "Dalekmania" period?

Hypothesis: The second was the late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million.


Premise: One strategy of Islamization is to seize power by what methods?

Hypothesis: at one end is a strategy of Islamization of society through state power seized by revolution or invasion; at the other "reformist" pole Islamists work to Islamize society gradually "from the bottom up".


Premise: What South Korean car manufacturer purchased the factor in 1995?

Hypothesis: In 1995 the factory was purchased by the South Korean car manufacturer Daewoo, which assembled the Tico, Espero, Nubia, Tacuma, Leganza, Lanos and Matiz there for the European market.


Premise: In what years did the show see audiences as high as 12 million?


Premise: Besides public key cryptography, what is another application for prime numbers?

Hypothesis: However, this vision was shattered in the 1970s, when it was publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms.


Premise: Who did Edward make archbishop of Canterbury?

Hypothesis: He appointed Robert of Jumièges archbishop of Canterbury and made Ralph the Timid earl of Hereford.


Premise: Who was responsible for the decorations of the Centre Refreshment Room?

Hypothesis: The Centre Refreshment Room 1865–77 was designed in a Renaissance style by James Gamble, the walls and even the Ionic columns are covered in decorative and moulded ceramic tile, the ceiling consists of elaborate designs on enamelled metal sheets and matching stained-glass windows, the marble fireplace was designed and sculpted by Alfred Stevens and was removed from Dorchester House prior to that building's demolition in 1929.


Premise: When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?

Hypothesis: Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia.


Premise: If you were to take a train west or south out of the city of Fresno, which railroad would you take?

Hypothesis: The city of Fresno is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail.


Premise: In autoimmune disorders, the immune system doesn't distinguish between what types of cells?

Hypothesis: Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self, and attacks part of the body.


Premise: What percentage of money raised by the Host Committee will be used for charitable causes?

Hypothesis: Host Committee has vowed to be "the most giving Super Bowl ever", and will dedicate 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area.


Premise: Who was the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.


Premise: What is another function that primes have that the number 1 does not?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, the prime numbers have several properties that the number 1 lacks, such as the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function.


Premise: When was Doctor Who created?

Hypothesis: Since the creation of the Doctor


Premise: How many seasons did NYPD Blue last?

Hypothesis: Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994, with Thomas Murphy taking over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger.


Premise: What was Tesla's salary from Westinghouse in 1934?

Hypothesis: Several sources say Westinghouse was worried about potential bad publicity surrounding the impoverished conditions their former star inventor was living under.


Premise: Who was the head of the company?

Hypothesis: Based on Tesla's advice and Westinghouse's demonstration that they could build a complete AC system at the Columbian Exposition, a contract for building a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls was awarded to Westinghouse Electric.


Hypothesis: Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators.


Premise: What does ATP synthase change into ATP?

Hypothesis: Because chloroplast ATP synthase projects out into the stroma, the ATP is synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions.


Premise: What was the civil disobedience performed at the test site?

Hypothesis: They were put on a bus and taken to the Nye County seat of Tonopah, Nevada, and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon.


Premise: When did Tesla patent the motor?

Hypothesis: This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888, was a simple self-starting design that did not need a commutator, thus avoiding sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes.


Premise: What type of boundaries help to define the way kids behave?

Hypothesis: Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.


Premise: What British mathematician took pride in doing work that he felt had no military benefit?

Hypothesis: In particular, number theorists such as British mathematician G. H. Hardy prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance.


Premise: US is concerned about confrontation of the Middle East with which other country?

Hypothesis: The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR was of more concern to the US than oil.


Premise: Which newspaper defined southern California?

Hypothesis: In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California as including "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara."


Premise: How many avulsions have occurred in the past 6000 yeas?

Hypothesis: Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta.


Premise: Where does the Rhine encounter it's tributary the Neckar?

Hypothesis: Most of Luxembourg and a very small part of Belgium also drain to the Rhine via the Moselle.


Premise: How many US states do no practice corporal punishment?

Hypothesis: 30 US states have banned corporal punishment, the others (mostly in the South) have not.


Premise: What are some examples of undesirable end results of a project?

Hypothesis: For this reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome.


Premise: Who is the founder of the Salvation Army?

Hypothesis: Such exemplary saints include martyrs, confessors of the Faith, evangelists, or important biblical figures such as Saint Matthew, Lutheran theologian and martyr to the Nazis Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Salvation Army Founder William Booth, African missionary David Livingstone and Methodism's revered founder John Wesley are among many cited as Protestant saints.


Premise: Approximately how many works by Rodin are part of the museum collection?

Hypothesis: Other French sculptors with work in the collection are Hubert Le Sueur, François Girardon, Michel Clodion, Jean-Antoine Houdon, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux and Jules Dalou.


Premise: What device was one of the first to aid a controversy?

Hypothesis: It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press.


Premise: What modern math concept did Zhu Shijie do work similar to?

Hypothesis: The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices.


Premise: Of what form are Sophie Germain primes?

Hypothesis: Prime numbers of this form are known as factorial primes.


Premise: What have the Treaties sought to enable since its foundation?

Hypothesis: Since its foundation, the Treaties sought to enable people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement.


Premise: What is missing a theory on quantum gravity?

Hypothesis: However, while kinematics are well-described through reference frame analysis in advanced physics, there are still deep questions that remain as to what is the proper definition of mass.


Premise: When do the stated Treaties apply?

Hypothesis: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity, which is subject to international law.


Premise: Where is St Aloysius' College located?

Hypothesis: They are usually expensive schools that tend to be up-market and traditional in style, some Catholic schools fall into this category as well, e.g. St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, St Aloysius' College (Sydney) and St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, as well as Loreto Kirribilli, Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College, St Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls.


Premise: What year did the the Saints hit a 13-0 record?

Hypothesis: Carolina started the season 14–0, not only setting franchise records for the best start and the longest single-season winning streak, but also posting the best start to a season by an NFC team in NFL history, breaking the 13–0 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers.


Premise: What was Henry IV known as before taking the throne?

Hypothesis: The Edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains.


Premise: Antigone was a play made by whom?

Hypothesis: One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.


Premise: ABC bought 20 acres of land in Hollwood in 1949 that would become what studio?

Hypothesis: On May 7, 1949, Billboard revealed that ABC had proposed an investment of $6.25 million, of which it would spend $2.5 million to convert 20 acres (80,937 m2) of land in Hollywood into what would become The Prospect Studios, and construct a transmitter on Mount Wilson, in anticipation of the launch of KECA-TV, which was scheduled to begin operations on August 1 (but would not actually sign on until September 16).


Premise: Which performers joined the headliner during the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?

Hypothesis: CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.


Premise: Complement proteins bind to what kind of molecules on the surface of microbes in order to elicit an immune response?

Hypothesis: The cascade results in the production of peptides that attract immune cells, increase vascular permeability, and opsonize (coat) the surface of a pathogen, marking it for destruction.


Premise: What resolution were the Eyevision cameras changed to?

Hypothesis: (An earlier version of EyeVision was last used in Super Bowl XXXV; for Super Bowl 50, the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.)


Premise: What was the most important discovery that led to the understanding that Earth's lithosphere is separated into tectonic plates?

Hypothesis: In the 1960s, a series of discoveries, the most important of which was seafloor spreading, showed that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle, is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere.


Premise: When did Tesla go to Prague?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University; he never studied Greek, a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject.


Premise: What rate of unionization do Scandinavian nations have?

Hypothesis: He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality, and concludes "the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa."


Premise: What present-day company did BankAmericard turn into?

Hypothesis: In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc.


Premise: What was Tesla on his way to do when he was struck by the cab?

Hypothesis: In the fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker to make his regular commute to the cathedral and the library to feed the pigeons.


Premise: Where do plenary meetings take place?

Hypothesis: Chamber debates and committee meetings are open to the public.


Premise: At what rank does GPS per capita set Victoria?

Hypothesis: Victoria's total gross state product (GSP) is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita because of its limited mining activity.


Premise: Who analyzes rock samples from drill cores in the lab?

Hypothesis: In the laboratory, biostratigraphers analyze rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for the fossils found in them.


Premise: How many vector equations did Heaviside and Gibbs reformilate Maxwell's 20 scalar equtions into?

Hypothesis: The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs.


Premise: Where does the Rhine encounter it's tributary the Neckar?

Hypothesis: The Rhine is the longest river in Germany.


Premise: Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing how much building material per hour?

Hypothesis: Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) of building material per hour as of January 2013[update], with the next-generation printers capable of 3.5 metres (11 ft) per hour, sufficient to complete a building in a week.


Premise: What does it mean when currencies are left to "float?"

Hypothesis: The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard whereby the value of the dollar had been pegged to the price of gold and all other currencies were pegged to the dollar, whose value was left to "float" (rise and fall according to market demand).


Premise: What does the Islamic State lack from the international community?

Hypothesis: (While a self-described state, it lacks international recognition.)


Premise: What did Graham Twigg publish in 1984?

Hypothesis: The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations.


Premise: Who normally supervises a construction job?

Hypothesis: An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager supervises it.


Premise: What is another name for the Yosemite Freeway?

Hypothesis: State Route 41


Premise: What previous work did Lavoisier experiments discredit?

Hypothesis: The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.


Premise: The UK and France had non interruptions in their oil supply as they did not allow which country to use their airfield?

Hypothesis: The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel, and Harold Wilson's government supported the Israelis during the Six-Day War.


Premise: Which two compounds did Al-Muwaffaq differentiate between?

Hypothesis: Ibn al-Wafid (1008–1074), both of which were printed in Latin more than fifty times, appearing as De Medicinis universalibus


Premise: What does the currently flooded terrace still have visible?

Hypothesis: The contemporary flooded terrace still has visible valleys and ground depressions with water systems coming from the Vistula old – riverbed.


Premise: Why did Saudi Arabia try to increase production, and reduce profits for high cost producers?

Hypothesis: This "sale" price was a windfall for oil-importing nations, both developing and developed.


Premise: What did Tesla patent in 1891?

Hypothesis: On 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York.


Premise: What special audio recording was released for the 40th anniversary?

Hypothesis: Additionally, multiple Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series.


Premise: Who was Frédéric Chopin?

Hypothesis: Casimir Pulaski, a Polish general and hero of the American Revolutionary War, was born here in 1745.


Premise: What did the the Europeans think the peoples in the tropics were in need of?

Hypothesis: These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being.


Premise: Who originally hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire for ABC?

Hypothesis: In August 1999, ABC premiered a special series event, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title.


Premise: What could the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program purchase?

Hypothesis: Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a "Welfare Cash Card", in the style of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, that could be used to buy only "essentials".


Premise: How much of the earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen?

Hypothesis: Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere.


Premise: How much of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?

Hypothesis: Warsaw produces 12% of Poland's national income, which in 2008 was 305.1% of the Polish average, per capita (or 160% of the European Union average).


Premise: What article was published in 1937?

Hypothesis: For example, in his article, "A Machine to End War", published in 1937, Tesla stated:


Premise: Who started at tight end for the Panthers?

Hypothesis: Newton's leading receivers were tight end Greg Olsen, who caught a career-high 77 passes for 1,104 yards and seven touchdowns, and wide receiver Ted Ginn, Jr., who caught 44 passes for 739 yards and 10 touchdowns; Ginn also rushed for 60 yards and returned 27 punts for 277 yards.


Premise: What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name after Tesla in 1960?

Hypothesis: His work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor.


Premise: What was the final score of Super Bowl XXXIII?

Hypothesis: The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–19.


Premise: Which group benefited from the funds distributed by the religious charity, al-Haramain Foundation?

Hypothesis: Some of the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations whose economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand.


Premise: Who wanted to acquire patents an AC motor.

Hypothesis: Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor presented in a paper in March 1888 by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris, but decided Tesla's patent would probably control the market.


Premise: Huguenots in Killeshandra and County Cavan expanded what agricultural industry?

Hypothesis: Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin.


Premise: Who is the first administrator of the Federal Energy Office?

Hypothesis: Simon allocated states the same amount of domestic oil for 1974 that each had consumed in 1972, which worked for states whose populations were not increasing.


Premise: When rock formations are found on top of a fault that have not been cut, then they must be older or younger than the fault?

Hypothesis: Faults are younger than the rocks they cut; accordingly, if a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger than the fault.


Premise: How many Vice Presidents are in the Board of Trustees?

Hypothesis: The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 50 members including the university President.


Premise: A Doctor Who show featuring Vincent Van Gogh was recognized by what award?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Doctor Who was voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice.


Premise: Who was the announcer for Westwood One's Super Bowl 50 coverage?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: What is CSNET

Hypothesis: It played a significant role in spreading awareness of, and access to, national networking and was a major milestone on the path to development of the global Internet.


Premise: What is Kenya a founding member of?

Hypothesis: Its capital and largest city is Nairobi.


Premise: What year did the Carolina Panthers form?

Hypothesis: They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49–15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995.


Premise: What are weak and electromatic forces expressions of?

Hypothesis: Only four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are:


Premise: When was the FSO Car Factory founded?

Hypothesis: In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo.


Premise: Who said the homeless in the area would have to leave?

Hypothesis: San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area "they are going to have to leave".


Premise: What did Aristotle refer to forced motion as?

Hypothesis: He distinguished between the innate tendency of objects to find their "natural place" (e.g., for heavy bodies to fall), which led to "natural motion", and unnatural or forced motion, which required continued application of a force.


Premise: In what year did Harvard win an Intercolleiate Sailing Association National Championship?

Hypothesis: Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003.


Premise: What kind of membrane came from the host?

Hypothesis: Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated, and many of its genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host.


Premise: The Hawaiian Islands are made up almost entirely of what?

Hypothesis: The Hawaiian Islands, for example, consist almost entirely of layered basaltic lava flows.


Premise: Very small markets had to wait until what decade to support an ABC affiliate?

Hypothesis: Still, ABC's limited reach would continue to hobble it for the next two decades; several smaller markets would not grow large enough to support a full-time ABC affiliate until the 1960s, with some very small markets having to wait as late as the 1980s or even the advent of digital television in the 2000s, which allowed stations like WTRF-TV in Wheeling, West Virginia to begin airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel after airing the network's programs outside of recommended timeslots decades before.


Premise: What did mlolongo system lead to?

Hypothesis: This was seen as the climax of a very undemocratic regime and it led to widespread agitation for constitutional reform.


Premise: When did Richard Dean Adams make his inquiry?

Hypothesis: Based on Tesla's advice and Westinghouse's demonstration that they could build a complete AC system at the Columbian Exposition, a contract for building a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls was awarded to Westinghouse Electric.


Premise: What do closed rivers serve as after they close?

Hypothesis: Currently Rhine water runs into the sea, or into former marine bays now separated from the sea, in five places, namely at the mouths of the Nieuwe Merwede, Nieuwe Waterway (Nieuwe Maas), Dordtse Kil, Spui and IJssel.


Premise: What is the most important thing apicoplasts do?

Hypothesis: The most important apicoplast function is isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis—in fact, apicomplexans die when something interferes with this apicoplast function, and when apicomplexans are grown in an isopentenyl pyrophosphate-rich medium, they dump the organelle.


Premise: What does high levels of inequality do to growth in poor countries?

Hypothesis: Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment".


Premise: In 1951, rumors claimed that ABC might be sold to what network?

Hypothesis: In 1951, Noble held a 58% ownership stake in ABC, giving him $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt; as banks refused further credit, that amount was obtained through a loan from the Prudential Insurance Company of America.


Premise: What year did TVOntario start showing Doctor Who episodes?

Hypothesis: From 1979 to 1981, TVO airings were bookended by science-fiction writer Judith Merril who would introduce the episode and then, after the episode concluded, try to place it in an educational context in keeping with TVO's status as an educational channel.


Premise: What parts of a conventional reciprocating steam engine could be replaced by a pistonless rotary engine?

Hypothesis: It is possible to use a mechanism based on a pistonless rotary engine such as the Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine.


Premise: Where does southern California's megalopolis standard in terms of population nationwide?

Hypothesis: It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis.


Premise: What is student motivation about school linked to?

Hypothesis: Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships.


Premise: Some have generalized the meaning of the word imperialism down to general-purpose what?

Hypothesis: The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confusedly seen to represent the policies of major powers, or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness.


Premise: Where did support from governmental and religious groups come from?

Hypothesis: The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan.


Premise: What device is a dry cooling tower similar to?

Hypothesis: A dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator and is used in locations where water is costly.


Premise: The Talbot Hughes collection was a gift from which company?

Hypothesis: One of the first significant gifts of costume came in 1913 when the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes and items as a gift from Harrods following its display at the nearby department store.


Premise: When was the colony of New South Wales founded?

Hypothesis: After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney.


Premise: What symbol was employed until early in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: The two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries are the mortar and pestle and the ℞ (recipere) character, which is often written as "Rx" in typed text.


Premise: What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts against Islamism?

Hypothesis: U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called for establishing something similar to the defunct U.S. Information Agency, which was charged with undermining the communist ideology during the Cold War.


Premise: What are teachers expected to give their students?

Hypothesis: Teachers are expected to respect their students; sarcasm and attempts to humiliate pupils are seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline.[verification needed]


Premise: From what landmark within Fresno does the Tower Theatre get its name?

Hypothesis: The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places.


Premise: When was Doctor Who viewing at its highest level?

Hypothesis: Its late 1980s performance of three to five million viewers was seen as poor at the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control, a leading cause of the programme's 1989 suspension.


Premise: What is the name of the Latin translation of Dioscorides' book?

Hypothesis: The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD.


Premise: What did Houghton say is necessary for any changes to the SPM?

Hypothesis: Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers (SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report.


Premise: Which of his future general's fathers helped Temüjin escape the Tayichi'ud?

Hypothesis: The Tayichi'ud enslaved Temüjin (reportedly with a cangue, a sort of portable stocks), but with the help of a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun (who later became a general of Genghis Khan), he was able to escape from the ger (yurt) in the middle of the night by hiding in a river crevice.[citation needed]


Premise: What has caused savanna regions to grow into the South American tropics in the last 34 million years?

Hypothesis: Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.


Premise: How cold does this region of Victoria get in the winner?

Hypothesis: The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts.


Premise: Where was Dyrrachium located?

Hypothesis: The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium, owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials.


Premise: In modern times, what is said about civil disobedience?

Hypothesis: It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased.


Premise: Which company did Mrs Foster work for?

Hypothesis: This could also be true if the enterprise is privatised, as it was held with a water company that was responsible for basic water provision.


Premise: When did Great Britain colonize Australia?

Hypothesis: The country of Australia serves as a case study in relation to British settlement and colonial rule of the continent in the eighteenth century, as it was premised on terra nullius, and its settlers considered it unused by its sparse Aboriginal inhabitants.


Premise: Who worked later on to find these missing magnetic tapes that had data stored on them?

Hypothesis: Stan Lebar, who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation, also worked with Nafzger to try to locate the missing tapes.


Premise: What was Brown's job?

Hypothesis: In late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck.


Premise: Which of Genghis Khan's descendants pushed the Mamluks out of Palestine?

Hypothesis: Over the course of three years, the Mongols destroyed and annihilated all of the major cities of Eastern Europe with the exceptions of Novgorod and Pskov.


Premise: What is the universal band that digital recievers will receive free to air channels on?

Hypothesis: Provided is a universal Ku band LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation; most digital receivers will receive the free to air channels.


Premise: What amount of the worlds carbon is stored in the Amazon forest?

Hypothesis: Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems—of the order of 1.1 × 1011 metric tonnes of carbon.


Premise: What type of support does co-teaching provide?

Hypothesis: Co-teachers work in sync with one another to create a climate of learning.


Premise: What is the nickname for ABC's logo from the 2000 campaign?

Hypothesis: The network hired the Troika Design Group to design and produce its 2001–02 identity, which continued using the black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes in various promotional and identification spots.


Premise: What government set standards do all schools have to meet?

Hypothesis: All schools must comply with government-set curriculum standards.


Premise: During the compression stage of the Rankine cycle, what state is the working fluid in?

Hypothesis: By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine power and contributes to a much higher efficiency for a real cycle.


Premise: Which cathedral is located in Fenham?

Hypothesis: Another prominent church in the city centre is the Church of St Thomas the Martyr which is the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish and which is not a peculiar.


Premise: What buildings held the Milton Friedman Institute?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute which attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and students.


Premise: When did the Arab oil producers lift the embargo?

Hypothesis: The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria was enough to convince Arab oil producers to lift the embargo in March 1974.


Premise: How many years have imperialistic practices existed?

Hypothesis: The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700, saw (generally European) industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power.[citation needed]


Premise: What are engines using four expansion stages known as?

Hypothesis: Multiple expansion engines typically had the cylinders arranged inline, but various other formations were used.


Premise: What group operates St Dominic's College in Wanganui?

Hypothesis: Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge, Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington, and Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Auckland, Scots College and Queen Margaret College in Wellington, and St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch.


Premise: Which committee made an effort to invite companies owned by people, who are transgender or gay, to take part in contract business associated with Super Bowl 50.

Hypothesis: The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health.


Premise: When did Tesla go to Tomingaj?

Hypothesis: In 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj, near Gračac.


Premise: What network uses a red version of the new ABC logo?

Hypothesis: The logo is displayed on-air, online and in print advertising in four variants shading the respective color used with the circle design's native black coloring: a gold version is primarily used on entertainment-oriented outlets (such as ABC.com, WATCH ABC, and by ABC Studios) and the on-screen bug; steel blue and dark grey versions are used primarily by ABC News; a red version is used for ESPN on ABC, while all four variants are used selectively in advertising and by affiliates.


Premise: What did Article 12 of the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?

Hypothesis: The Allied Armistice terms required in Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw.


Premise: What famous composer used a Lutheran hymn in his work?

Hypothesis: Luther adopted a preexisting Johann Walter tune associated with a hymnic setting of Psalm 67's prayer for grace; Wolf Heintz's four-part setting of the hymn was used to introduce the Lutheran Reformation in Halle in 1541.


Premise: What device is used to treat various conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning?

Hypothesis: Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O_2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff.


Premise: How was coal transferred from the river banks to colliers?

Hypothesis: In the Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families.


Premise: What form of oxygen is composed of three oxygen atoms?

Hypothesis: Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms.


Premise: How did Luther express the destruction?

Hypothesis: Luther sympathised with some of the peasants' grievances, as he showed in his response to the Twelve Articles in May 1525, but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities.


Premise: What don't chloroplastidan chloroplasts have?

Hypothesis: They differ from glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts in that they have lost their phycobilisomes, and contain chlorophyll


Premise: Where do Ctenophora live?

Hypothesis: Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.


Premise: When did the ancestors of modern Homo sapiens inhabit Kenya?

Hypothesis: Recent findings near Lake Turkana indicate that hominids such as Homo habilis (1.8 and 2.5 million years ago) and Homo erectus (1.8 million to 350,000 years ago) are possible direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens, and lived in Kenya in the Pleistocene epoch.


Premise: People behaving with civil disobedience that is not-violent is said to make society have more of what?

Hypothesis: Christian Bay's encyclopedia article states that civil disobedience requires "carefully chosen and legitimate means," but holds that they do not have to be non-violent.


Premise: What was the first television series to feature an openly gay character?

Hypothesis: On September 13, 1977, the network debuted Soap, a controversial soap opera parody which became known for being the first television series to feature an openly gay main character (played by a then-unknown Billy Crystal); it last ran on the network on April 20, 1981.


Premise: How many academic research divisions does the University of Chicago have?

Hypothesis: The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools.


Premise: What is the most important problem in the United States and elsewhere?

Hypothesis: 2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem.


Premise: What do platyctenida use their pharynx for?

Hypothesis: They cling to and creep on surfaces by everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular "foot".


Premise: When was the Battle of Hastings?

Hypothesis: The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel.


Premise: What type of disability would a teacher help a student with?

Hypothesis: The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities.


Premise: In 2009, Disney reached an agreement to buy what percentage stake in Hulu?

Hypothesis: Century Fox), and has offered full-length episodes of most of ABC's programming through the streaming service since July 6, 2009 (which are available for viewing on Hulu's website and mobile app), as part of an agreement reached in April that year that also allowed Disney to acquire a 27% ownership stake in Hulu.


Premise: To whom has the Antwerp City Hall doors in the V&A collection been attributed?

Hypothesis: One of the finest pieces of continental furniture in the collection is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated c1750 from Germany, with especially fine marquetry and ormolu mounts.


Premise: How many PD rings are there?

Hypothesis: In a few species like Cyanidioschyzon merolæ, chloroplasts have a third plastid-dividing ring located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space.


Premise: Tesla's induction motor and transformer was licensed by whom?

Hypothesis: His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant.


Premise: What was the name of the story from the third Torchwood series?

Hypothesis: A third series was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-part story called Children of Earth which was set largely in London.


Premise: How has this debate been proven?

Hypothesis: There is debate, however, over how extensive this reduction was.


Premise: what did he do for $2 a day?

Hypothesis: He even lost control of the patents he had generated since he had assigned them to the company in lieu of stock.


Premise: What part of the Rhine flows west at Katwijk?

Hypothesis: From Wijk bij Duurstede, the old north branch of the Rhine is called Kromme Rijn ("Bent Rhine") past Utrecht, first Leidse Rijn ("Rhine of Leiden") and then, Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine").


Premise: When was the last time San Francisco hosted a Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, won by the home team 49ers.


Premise: What was the first team Peyton Manning began playing for?

Hypothesis: Although the team had a 7–0 start, Manning led the NFL in interceptions.


Premise: What are Ctenophora commonly known as?

Hypothesis: Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.


Premise: In what year did ABC submit licenses for 5 television stations?

Hypothesis: These applications all requested for the stations to broadcast on VHF channel 7, as Frank Marx, then ABC's vice-president of engineering, thought that the low-band VHF frequencies (corresponding to channels 2 through 6) would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army.


Premise: What is Donald Davies credited with

Hypothesis: Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States.


Premise: What company created Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio plays, interactive video games, game books, webcasts, DVD extras, and even stage performances.


Premise: Along with Stephenson and Walschaerts, what is an example of a simple motion?

Hypothesis: The combined setup gave a fair approximation of the ideal events, at the expense of increased friction and wear, and the mechanism tended to be complicated.


Premise: Building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in what amount of time?

Hypothesis: New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology.


Premise: When did Kenya reach the semi-finals?

Hypothesis: They upset some of the World's best teams and reached semi-finals of the 2003 tournament.


Premise: Which countries use the green Greek cross as a symbol of pharmacy?

Hypothesis: Other symbols are common in different countries: the green Greek cross in France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India, the increasingly rare Gaper in the Netherlands, and a red stylized letter A in Germany and Austria (from Apotheke, the German word for pharmacy, from the same Greek root as the English word 'apothecary').


Premise: Who started at tight end for the Panthers?

Hypothesis: The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections.


Premise: When is the suspended team scheduled to return?

Hypothesis: From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles —


Premise: What happened to the credibility of secular politics as a result of the Six-Day War?

Hypothesis: A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued.


Premise: To what may general global fields be transferred to or from?

Hypothesis: Certain arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields may be transferred back and forth to the completed (or local) fields.


Premise: What are the two principal Asian-American groups living in the west side neighborhood of Fresno?

Hypothesis: It is culturally diverse and also includes significant Mexican-American and Asian-American (principally Hmong or Laotian) populations.


Premise: When Iqbal promoted ideas of greater Islamic political unity, what did he encourage ending?

Hypothesis: Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence.


Premise: Which building was the NFL Experience held at for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.


Premise: Who recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics in the 1970's?

Hypothesis: In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor


Premise: What position does Demaryius Thomas play?

Hypothesis: Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns, while Emmanuel Sanders caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores, while adding another 106 yards returning punts.


Premise: What pathway that plays a role in immune response to viruses is present in all eukaryotes?

Hypothesis: Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes, and are thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses.


Premise: When are subject committees established?

Hypothesis: Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament.


Premise: Where was the boat demonstration given?

Hypothesis: The crowd that witnessed the demonstration made outrageous claims about the workings of the boat, such as magic, telepathy, and being piloted by a trained monkey hidden inside.


Premise: Which fault can produce a magnitude earthquake of 8.0?

Hypothesis: The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California.


Premise: How many quadrangles does the Main Quadrangles have?

Hypothesis: The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles, were part of a "master plan" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb.


Premise: What was Norman Cantor's theory about the plague?

Hypothesis: Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats in the archaeological record of the medieval waterfront in London and that the plague spread too quickly to support the thesis that the Y. pestis was spread from fleas on rats; he argues that transmission must have been person to person.


Premise: What was intended to take a CSM and LM, fully fueled, to the moon?

Hypothesis: The second and third stages burned liquid hydrogen, and the third stage was a modified version of the S-IVB, with thrust increased to 230,000 lbf (1,020 kN) and capability to restart the engine for translunar injection after reaching a parking orbit.


Premise: When was Zhu Shijie born?

Hypothesis: The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices.


Premise: Who was the final Prime Minister of East Germany?

Hypothesis: Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia.


Premise: What British mathematician took pride in doing work that he felt had no military benefit?

Hypothesis: However, this vision was shattered in the 1970s, when it was publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms.


Premise: When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?

Hypothesis: Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed.


Premise: What caused UK to have an oil crisis in its own country?

Hypothesis: Despite being relatively unaffected by the embargo, the UK nonetheless faced an oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973–74 became a major factor in the change of government.


Premise: When was the British East India Company established?

Hypothesis: In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year.


Premise: When were the finalists announced?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: About how many of the Asian population was Hmong?

Hypothesis: The racial makeup of the city was 50.2% White, 8.4% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 11.2% Asian (about a third of which is Hmong), 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.4% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races.


Premise: In what city did the last Super Bowl in California occur?

Hypothesis: It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.


Premise: What will concentrated oxygen greatly speed up?

Hypothesis: Concentrated O_2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically.


Premise: On where are most tourist attractions focused in Victoria?

Hypothesis: Most of these events are centred on Melbourne, but others occur in regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Phillip Island, the Grand Annual Steeplechase at Warrnambool and the Australian International Airshow at Geelong and numerous local festivals such as the popular Port Fairy Folk Festival, Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival.


Premise: What holiday coincided with the first showing of series two?

Hypothesis: CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P (20:30 in Newfoundland and Labrador), shortly after that day's CFL double header on Thanksgiving in most of the country.[citation needed]


Premise: When were stromules discovered?

Hypothesis: When they were first observed in 1962, some plant biologists dismissed the structures as artifactual, claiming that stromules were just oddly shaped chloroplasts with constricted regions or dividing chloroplasts.


Premise: For which show did Billie Piper tape an introduction?

Hypothesis: For the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary were played over the closing credits; for the broadcast of "The Christmas Invasion" on 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction.


Premise: What did Luther tell monks and nuns about their vows?

Hypothesis: His essay On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It rejected compulsory confession and encouraged private confession and absolution, since "every Christian is a confessor."


Premise: What paved the way for the Augsburg Confession?

Hypothesis: The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements.


Premise: How do socialists think the means of production should be owned?

Hypothesis: Socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners, creating a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income by virtue of ownership titles in capital equipment, financial assets and corporate stock.


Premise: Where did Tesla begin a new job at in 1882?

Hypothesis: In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side.


Premise: The term may be related to what politician from Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise.


Premise: Why do carotenoids make leaves change color in the fall?

Hypothesis: They help transfer and dissipate excess energy, and their bright colors sometimes override the chlorophyll green, like during the fall, when the leaves of some land plants change color.


Premise: What program did Red Cross put together in 2011?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, the country has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security and coupled with resulting poverty (53% of the population lives below the poverty line), a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is heavily dependent on food aid.


Premise: What three things are needed for construction to take place?

Hypothesis: Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client.


Premise: Who long was the broadcast delay claimed to be the first time the series premiered?

Hypothesis: The BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts across the country, and they broadcast it again on 30 November 1963, just before episode two.


Premise: Who was Al-Banna's assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of?

Hypothesis: Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier.


Premise: What is the process by which the adaptive immune system is evaded by the chainging of non-essential epitopes called?

Hypothesis: This is called antigenic variation.


Premise: Who bought the factory in 2005?

Hypothesis: In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo.


Premise: What part of the Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?

Hypothesis: Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region.


Premise: Who caught a 16-yard pass on this drive?

Hypothesis: On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line.


Premise: In which county does Jacksonville reside?

Hypothesis: It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968.


Premise: Who did Luther banish?

Hypothesis: Luther next set about reversing or modifying the new church practices.


Premise: What is consultant pharmacy mainly concerned with?

Hypothesis: Traditionally consultant pharmacists were usually independent business owners, though in the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies (primarily Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica).