Premise: Which area of China did Japan conquer in 1931?

Hypothesis: During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean.


Premise: Where are some words from the Geordia dialect used?

Hypothesis: "Bairn" and "hyem", meaning "child" and "home", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia; barn and hjem are the corresponding modern Norwegian and Danish words.


Premise: Who did Luther banish?

Hypothesis: After banishing the Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church but also the radical reformers who threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence.


Premise: What color was used to emphasize the 50th anniversary of the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: As this was the 50th Super Bowl, the league emphasized the "golden anniversary" with various gold-themed initiatives, as well as temporarily suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with Roman numerals (under which the game would have been known as "Super Bowl L"), so that the logo could prominently feature the Arabic numerals 50.


Premise: How many plant species make up the total in the rainforest?

Hypothesis: To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.


Premise: What was the premise of Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?

Hypothesis: The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order.


Premise: What is an annual two-day multicultural event held in Newcastle in late August?

Hypothesis: Newcastle Mela, held on the late August bank holiday weekend, is an annual two-day multicultural event, blending drama, music and food from Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures.


Premise: What financial issue is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?

Hypothesis: Fraud is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field.


Premise: What type of theatre is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?

Hypothesis: The Warsaw Uprising Museum also operates a rare preserved and operating historic stereoscopic theatre, the Warsaw Fotoplastikon.


Premise: What is the largest suspension bridge in Germany?

Hypothesis: Between Emmerich and Cleves the Emmerich Rhine Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Germany, crosses the 400 m wide river.


Premise: What happens if a member doesn't vote the party line?

Hypothesis: Errant members can be deselected as official party candidates during future elections, and, in serious cases, may be expelled from their parties outright.


Premise: What percent of the global assets in 2000 were owned by just 1% of adults?

Hypothesis: A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000.


Premise: Who broadcast the Super Bowl on TV?

Hypothesis: CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.


Premise: What is involved in a review of prescribed medications?

Hypothesis: The review process often involves an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy (e.g., drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy) and its efficacy.


Premise: When did British government give land for development of Ohio Country?

Hypothesis: In 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country.


Premise: For which Doctor did Keff McCulloch provide the theme?

Hypothesis: Keff McCulloch provided the new arrangement for the Seventh Doctor's era which lasted from season 24 (1987) until the series' suspension in 1989.


Premise: what did tesla note the hazards of working with?

Hypothesis: In his many notes on the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes.


Premise: How does Kenya curb coruption?

Hypothesis: Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries.


Premise: What was the memoir entitled which was submitted to the American Philosophical Society?

Hypothesis: The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map.


Premise: How long was each episode of Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: The first serial had been completed and the BBC believed it was crucial that the next one be a success, but The Mutants was the only script ready to go, so the show had little choice but to use it.


Premise: What date were the top two stadium choices for Super Bowl 50 announced?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: Who was given the esteemed status of MVP for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.


Premise: What is the Latin name for Black Death?

Hypothesis: Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant.


Premise: What two other rulers had their graves hidden under a river?

Hypothesis: Other tales state that his grave was stampeded over by many horses, and that trees were then planted over the site, and the permafrost also did its part in hiding the burial site.


Premise: Who was Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?

Hypothesis: On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations demanding full records on climate research, as well as personal information about their finances and careers, from Mann, Bradley and Hughes.


Premise: What was the percentage of people that voted in favor of the Pico Act of 1859?

Hypothesis: However, the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the proposal never coming to a vote.


Premise: What genre of music is Lindisfarne classified as?

Hypothesis: Lindisfarne are a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection.


Premise: What is the source of oxygen production through electrocatalytic means?

Hypothesis: Contrary to popular belief, the 2:1 ratio observed in the DC electrolysis of acidified water does not prove that the empirical formula of water is H2O unless certain assumptions are made about the molecular formulae of hydrogen and oxygen themselves.


Premise: Approximately how many old masters works are included in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: Modern British artists represented in the collection include: Paul Nash, Percy Wyndham Lewis, Eric Gill, Stanley Spencer, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Lucian Freud and David Hockney.


Premise: How many companies were listed on the WSE on August 2009?

Hypothesis: Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is, according to many indicators, the largest market in the region, with 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009.


Premise: Who built a castle in Newcastle in 1080?

Hypothesis: The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son.


Premise: When did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?

Hypothesis: At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley.


Premise: Who did the army siege belong to?

Hypothesis: The Genoese traders fled, taking the plague by ship into Sicily and the south of Europe, whence it spread north.


Premise: What type of housing was erected in Warsaw as part of the Bricks for Warsaw process?

Hypothesis: The city resumed its role as the capital of Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life.


Premise: New cameras were introduced for the game, what degree of view do they provide viewers?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the game was televised by CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.


Premise: What has been analyzed to compare Amazon rainfall in the past and present?

Hypothesis: Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin.


Premise: The long tentacles on the pleurbrachia are protected by what?

Hypothesis: From opposite sides of the body extends a pair of long, slender tentacles, each housed in a sheath into which it can be withdrawn.


Premise: What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland, and the Alps in the last Ice Age?

Hypothesis: 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when ice-sheets covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps, but left the space between as open tundra.


Premise: The loss of biodiversity may be the result of what, according to environmentalists?

Hypothesis: Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems—of the order of 1.1 × 1011 metric tonnes of carbon.


Premise: When did ABC begin broadcasting the Miss America Pageant?

Hypothesis: ABC has also aired the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956, 1997 to 2005 (with the television rights being assumed by cable channel TLC in 2006, when the pageant moved from its longtime homebase in Atlantic City to Las Vegas, before returning to Atlantic City in 2013) and since 2011.


Premise: What did all three cathedrals in Newcastle begin their existence as?

Hypothesis: All three cathedrals began their lives as parish churches.


Premise: When was Warsaw's stock exchange brought back to life?

Hypothesis: It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy.


Premise: Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical protective barrier following what?

Hypothesis: Chemical barriers also protect against infection.


Premise: When did the Germanic tribes claim territory in north and west Europe?

Hypothesis: From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire.


Premise: How much money did the committee raise?

Hypothesis: For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee and the NFL have openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in Business Connect, the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl.


Premise: How do you pronounce Fresno?

Hypothesis: The name Fresno means "ash tree" in Spanish, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.


Premise: What type of medicine did otachi focus on?

Hypothesis: The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism.


Premise: Preschool targest what age children?

Hypothesis: Primary school age is 6/7-13/14 years.


Premise: When did Zhu publish 'Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'?

Hypothesis: His method is described in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, written in 1303.


Premise: Who may introduce new laws or amendments to laws already on the books as a bill?

Hypothesis: Most draft laws are government bills introduced by ministers in the governing party.


Premise: Where was Genghis Khan buried?

Hypothesis: Before Genghis Khan died, he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons.


Premise: What additional membranes do secondary chloroplasts have?

Hypothesis: While primary chloroplasts have a double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two, as a result of the secondary endosymbiotic event, when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga but failed to digest it—much like the cyanobacterium at the beginning of this story.


Premise: What class sizes can make keeping order difficult?

Hypothesis: Where school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students, maintaining order in the classroom can divert the teacher from instruction, leaving little opportunity for concentration and focus on what is being taught.


Premise: In what conditions were forces first measured historically?

Hypothesis: Historically, forces were first quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out.


Premise: What position did the tax collector that arrested Thoreau get?

Hypothesis: The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.


Premise: What are the only states where ABC doesn't have a licensed affiliate?

Hypothesis: In some markets, including the former two mentioned, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station.


Premise: What was Maria Curie the first female recipient of?

Hypothesis: Though Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, about 60 km (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old.


Premise: What was constructed between 1978 and 1982 to link the Henry Cole wing to the rest of the museum?

Hypothesis: In 1974 the museum had acquired what is now the Henry Cole wing from the Royal College of Science.


Premise: In what city is WBT-FM located?

Hypothesis: In North Carolina, WBT (1110 AM) will carry the game, with Mick Mixon on play-by-play and Eugene Robinson and Jim Szoke on color commentary.


Premise: When was Manning picked #1 in the NFL Draft?

Hypothesis: Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.


Premise: Of what region was Saxony a part?

Hypothesis: He sent Martin to Latin schools in Mansfeld, then Magdeburg in 1497, where he attended a school operated by a lay group called the Brethren of the Common Life, and Eisenach in 1498.


Premise: The church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry of what group?

Hypothesis: The church also holds that they "are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of the mother, for whom devastating damage may result from an unacceptable pregnancy.


Premise: What was the name given to the regions in which the pro - slavery southerners lived?

Hypothesis: However, the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the proposal never coming to a vote.


Premise: The Cast Courts display plaster casts of what objects?

Hypothesis: One of these is dominated by a full-scale replica of Trajan's Column, cut in half in order to fit under the ceiling.


Premise: What problems did the Yuan dynasty have near its end?

Hypothesis: The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace.


Premise: In what year was a set of significant rule changes introduced including the forward pass?

Hypothesis: Camp would instead support revolutionary new rules for the 1906 season.


Premise: The amazon rainforest became a mostly inland forest around which global event?

Hypothesis: Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.


Premise: What Doctor Who spin-off only made it as far as a pilot episode?

Hypothesis: The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite.


Premise: When was the cabinet-level Energy Department created?

Hypothesis: To help reduce consumption, in 1974 a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph (about 88 km/h) was imposed through the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.


Premise: When was the agreement to acquire ABC approved by UPT's board?

Hypothesis: On June 6, 1951, the tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board of directors.


Premise: How many bodies did Public Health England exhume?

Hypothesis: In 2014, scientists with Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London, as well as of wills registered in London during the period, which supported the pneumonic hypothesis.


Premise: What did Luther do during Lent at this time?

Hypothesis: For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9 March, Luther preached eight sermons, which became known as the "Invocavit Sermons".


Premise: What day was Tesla's funeral?

Hypothesis: After the funeral, Tesla's body was taken to the Ferncliff Cemetery in Ardsley, New York, where it was later cremated.


Premise: What is the edge of the moraine plateau called?

Hypothesis: The significant element of the relief, in this part of Warsaw, is the edge of moraine plateau called Warsaw Escarpment.


Premise: What is rubisco's flaw?

Hypothesis: This is a big problem, since O2 is produced by the initial light reactions of photosynthesis, causing issues down the line in the Calvin cycle which uses rubisco.


Premise: Who formed the government in Kenya?

Hypothesis: In this way, Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 of the United Kingdom.


Premise: What additional benefits are there to surrounding community of expansion?

Hypothesis: Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense) for replacement with park land and pedestrian access to the Charles River, as well as the construction of bike paths, and buildings throughout the Allston campus.


Premise: When was St. John's Cathedral constructed?

Hypothesis: The most significant buildings are St. John's Cathedral (14th century), the temple is a typical example of the so-called Masovian gothic style, St. Mary's Church (1411), a town house of Burbach family (14th century), Gunpowder Tower (after 1379) and the Royal Castle Curia Maior (1407–1410).


Premise: In what episode did Dudley Simpson play a music conductor?

Hypothesis: The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People.


Premise: What type of atmosphere helped fuel the fire throughout the cabin?

Hypothesis: Pressure rose high enough from the fire that the cabin burst and the fire erupted onto the pad area, frustrating attempts to rescue the crew.


Premise: What is the largest general further education college in the North East?

Hypothesis: Newcastle College is the largest general further education college in the North East and is a beacon status college; there are two smaller colleges in the Newcastle area.


Premise: What was the Yuan dynasty called in Mongolian?

Hypothesis: The counterpart in Mongolian language was Dai Ön Ulus, also rendered as Ikh Yuan Üls or Yekhe Yuan Ulus.


Premise: What was enhanced in 2014?

Hypothesis: Glazing was placed over the historic arches and the Victorian architecture was enhanced; transforming the 19th century public portico.


Premise: Who was an important early figure in the Islamic revival in India?

Hypothesis: His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose "Islamization of Knowledge" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.


Premise: What separates the neuroimmune system and peripheral immune system in humans?

Hypothesis: In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain.


Premise: How much does a Probationer earn, initially?

Hypothesis: For the salary year beginning April 2008, unpromoted teachers in Scotland earned from £20,427 for a Probationer, up to £32,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to £39,942 as they complete the modules to earn Chartered Teacher Status (requiring at least 6 years at up to two modules per year.)


Premise: What were the cultural origins of the engineers and technology adopted by the Mongol military?

Hypothesis: The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare, cutting off resources for cities and towns by diverting certain rivers, taking enemy prisoners and driving them in front of the army, and adopting new ideas, techniques and tools from the people they conquered, particularly in employing Muslim and Chinese siege engines and engineers to aid the Mongol cavalry in capturing cities.


Premise: Who was Kaidu's grandfather?

Hypothesis: Ogedei's grandson Kaidu refused to submit to Kublai and threatened the western frontier of Kublai's domain.


Premise: What areas are pharmacy informatics prepared to work in?

Hypothesis: Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies.


Premise: How many pages was the Kalven Report statement?

Hypothesis: The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in "social and political action," declared that "To perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures.


Premise: What is a major importance of Southern California in relation to California and the United States?

Hypothesis: Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties.


Premise: Where was Tesla studying when he started playing cards and billiards?

Hypothesis: On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey, a journalist whom Tesla had befriended, confirmed that Tesla rarely slept.


Premise: What is the most feared condition that divers want to avoid?

Hypothesis: Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures, its most feared effect for divers) can occur by breathing an air mixture with 21%


Premise: Why did they teach them to grow peas?

Hypothesis: The commercialisation of the pigeon pea is now enabling some farmers to buy assets, ranging from mobile phones to productive land and livestock, and is opening pathways for them to move out of poverty.


Premise: How many biomolecules contain no oxygen?

Hypothesis: Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, carbohydrates contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen.


Premise: Where did Luther explain his idea of justification?

Hypothesis: Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of God.


Premise: Along with mills and mines, in what industrial locations did steam drive machines?

Hypothesis: Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills and mines; powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles.


Premise: Who was named the president and CEO of ABC after Goldenson suffered a heart attack?

Hypothesis: On January 17, 1972, Elton Rule was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC a few months after Goldenson reduced his role in the company after suffering a heart attack.


Premise: The Art Noveau style of glassware is represented by which two artists?

Hypothesis: The stained glass collection is possibly the finest in the world, covering the medieval to modern periods, and covering Europe as well as Britain.


Premise: Who recovered Tolbert's fumble?

Hypothesis: The Panthers could not gain any yards with their possession and had to punt.


Premise: Ctenophores are less complex than what other group?

Hypothesis: Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians (which include almost all other animals).


Premise: What was the goal of this Roman disobedience?

Hypothesis: Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.[citation needed][original research?]


Premise: The receptors on a killer T cell must bind to how many MHC: antigen complexes in order to activate the cell?

Hypothesis: Helper T cells have a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells, meaning many receptors (around 200–300) on the helper T cell must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell, while killer T cells can be activated by engagement of a single MHC:antigen molecule.


Premise: What is an autoimmune disease that affects women preferentially?

Hypothesis: For example, female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses.


Premise: What is the Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim in Alsace?

Hypothesis: On the French side, the Grand Canal d'Alsace was dug, which carries a significant part of the river water, and all of the traffic.


Premise: When did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinate Anwar Sadat?

Hypothesis: Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies.


Premise: To whom did Toghrul refuse to give his daughter in marriage, angering Temüjin?

Hypothesis: One of the later ruptures between Toghrul and Temüjin was Toghrul's refusal to give his daughter in marriage to Jochi, the eldest son of Temüjin, a sign of disrespect in the Mongolian culture.


Premise: Which organic compounds contain the greatest amount of oxygen by mass?


Premise: The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?

Hypothesis: The Rhine Gorge between Rüdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Premise: Who developed DATAPAC

Hypothesis: Some such as DATAPAC and TRANSPAC were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface.


Premise: What was the name of the character known as the Time Lady?

Hypothesis: One of the roles of the companion is to remind the Doctor of his "moral duty".


Premise: What happened to Tesla's belongings?

Hypothesis: Two days later, the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen.


Premise: What do C4 plants need?

Hypothesis: Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants, which need more ATP than NADPH.


Premise: What compounds are released by injured or infected cells, triggering inflammation?

Hypothesis: Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells.


Premise: What is malum in se considerations?

Hypothesis: Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district.


Premise: What did this agitation provide later generations material for?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, his misguided agitation had the evil result that Luther fatefully became one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism and thus provided material for the modern hatred of the Jews, cloaking it with the authority of the Reformer."


Premise: In what month and year was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools released?

Hypothesis: Government regulations have given private education more flexibility and autonomy in recent years, notably by lifting the moratorium on applications for new courses, new schools and conversions, by liberalizing tuition fee policy for private schools, by replacing values education for third and fourth years with English, mathematics and natural science at the option of the school, and by issuing the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in August 1992.


Premise: What directly correlates with the country's economic performance and wealth distribution?

Hypothesis: Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level.


Premise: What artist provided the woodcuts for Luther's Bible?

Hypothesis: Furnished with notes and prefaces by Luther, and with woodcuts by Lucas Cranach that contained anti-papal imagery, it played a major role in the spread of Luther's doctrine throughout Germany.


Premise: What did Philip I wish to do around 1539?

Hypothesis: However, Philip was unable to keep the marriage secret, and he threatened to make Luther's advice public.


Premise: How many will the host committee dedicate to local charities?

Hypothesis: Host Committee has vowed to be "the most giving Super Bowl ever", and will dedicate 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area.


Premise: The reasons for the las two counties to be added are based on what?

Hypothesis: The more extensive 10-county definition, including Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is also used based on historical political divisions.


Premise: An MSP may introduce a bill as what?

Hypothesis: Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill; a committee of the Parliament can present a bill in one of the areas under its remit; a member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer.


Premise: Which Australian TV station has run Doctor Who since 1965?

Hypothesis: In Australia, the show has had a strong fan base since its inception, having been exclusively first run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) since January 1965.


Premise: What would type of studying would require a teacher to take on a supervisor role?

Hypothesis: A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.


Premise: How many lead authors does an IPCC report chapter have?

Hypothesis: A chapter typically has two "coordinating lead authors", ten to fifteen "lead authors", and a somewhat larger number of "contributing authors".


Premise: What does coastal beriods use as teeth?

Hypothesis: These variations enable different species to build huge populations in the same area, because they specialize in different types of prey, which they capture by as wide a range of methods as spiders use.


Premise: What month and year was Apollo 13 launched?

Hypothesis: Apollo 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970, headed for the Fra Mauro formation.


Premise: Healing services involve the laying on of hands and what else?

Hypothesis: Some clergy offer healing services, while exorcism is an occasional practice by some clergy in The United Methodist Church in Africa.


Premise: Where in China is Genghis Khan most favorably viewed today?

Hypothesis: There are conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China with some viewing him positively in the Inner Mongolia region where there are a monument and buildings about him and where there is a considerable number of Mongols in the area with a population of around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia.


Premise: Who did Tesla refuse to see following the accident?

Hypothesis: Tesla's back was severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident (the full extent of his injuries will never be known; Tesla refused to consult a doctor—an almost lifelong custom).


Premise: ABC began to focus on what kind of series after NBC's success in 1984?

Hypothesis: To counteract NBC, ABC decided to refocus itself on comedies and family-oriented series beginning in the mid-1980s including Mr. Belvedere, Roseanne, Who's the Boss?,


Premise: How much did the CM weigh in kgs?

Hypothesis: The module was 11.42 feet (3.48 m) tall, 12.83 feet (3.91 m) in diameter, and weighed approximately 12,250 pounds (5,560 kg).


Premise: What was the title given to the major project to redesign all the galleries in the museum?

Hypothesis: The plan is expected to take about ten years and was started in 2002.


Premise: Which countries were the European Coal and Steel Community agreement between?

Hypothesis: EU Competition law has its origins in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany in 1951 following the second World War.


Premise: What appears to be used exclusively in Newcastle and surrounding areas?

Hypothesis: Many words, however, appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area, such as "Canny" (a versatile word meaning "good", "nice" or "very"), "hacky" ("dirty"), "netty" ("toilet"), "hoy" ("throw", from the Dutch gooien, via West Frisian), "hockle" ("spit").


Premise: Who created the photographic series titled Animal Locomotion?

Hypothesis: These sequences of photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture images of different animals and humans performimg various actions.


Premise: In what year did a Doctor first become nominated for a Best Actor award?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor and in 2016, Michelle Gomez became the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series, getting a Best Supporting Actress nomination for her work as Missy.


Premise: What did Tesla design several experimental setups to produce?

Hypothesis: In his research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays.


Premise: What is in Eldon Square?

Hypothesis: The street curves down from Grey's Monument towards the valley of the River Tyne and was voted England's finest street in 2005 in a survey of BBC Radio 4 listeners.


Premise: What was a Happy Days spinoff that debuted in the 1980s on ABC?

Hypothesis: Several flagship series debuted on the network during this time including Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit when it premiered as a midseason series in 1981, five months before Spelling's other ABC hit Charlie's Angels ended its run.


Premise: What did Schurf's letter say  Luther's return caused?

Hypothesis: After the sixth sermon, the Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf wrote to the elector: "Oh, what joy has Dr. Martin's return spread among us!


Premise: Who did Peyton Manning complete an 18 yard pass to on the opening drive?

Hypothesis: A pair of carries by C. J. Anderson moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line, but Carolina's defense dug in over the next three plays.


Premise: What is an example of an NP-intermediate problem not known to exist in P or NP-complete?

Hypothesis: The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem are examples of problems believed to be NP-intermediate.


Premise: What is the most important problem in the United States and elsewhere?

Hypothesis: Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict.


Premise: It is now possible to convert old relative ages into what type of ages using isotopic dating?

Hypothesis: Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another.


Premise: Other than Point Conception, what landmark is used in the other definition of southern California?

Hypothesis: Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.


Premise: What is the position Derek Wolfe plays currently?

Hypothesis: Linebacker DeMarcus Ware was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the ninth time in his career, ranking second on the team with 7½ sacks.


Premise: How much money has been raised by the host committee?

Hypothesis: For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee and the NFL have openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in Business Connect, the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl.


Premise: What two Denver players ranked at 5 percent for sacks?

Hypothesis: Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109, while Danny Trevathan ranked second with 102.


Premise: What scripture did Luther use to back up his opinion that churchmen were not infallible?

Hypothesis: Luther made certain concessions to the Saxon, who was a relative of the Elector, and promised to remain silent if his opponents did.


Premise: When American car companies rolled out with their domestic replacement cars, which policy ended?

Hypothesis: Later the American makers introduced their domestic replacements (Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import policy.


Premise: In what year did John and Charles Wesley come to America to teach the gospel?

Hypothesis: In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia.


Premise: What surrounds Plastoglobuli?

Hypothesis: Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress, or when it ages and transitions into a gerontoplast.


Premise: What subatomic particle did Tesla deny the existence of?

Hypothesis: He was a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive "ether" that transmitted electrical energy.


Premise: What is another way of referring to stators?

Hypothesis: A steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft, alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing.


Premise: What was Tesla's father's original plans for Tesla?

Hypothesis: Tesla's father, in a moment of despair, promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).


Premise: What difficulties was Shirly having?

Hypothesis: In conjunction, Shirley was made aware that the French were massing for an attack on Fort Oswego in his absence when he planned to attack Fort Niagara.


Premise: What satellite enabled Sky Digital to launch an all new digital service?

Hypothesis: When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite which was located at the 28.5°E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2°


Premise: What is the balance for positive reinforcement?

Hypothesis: A modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher who is prepared to impose their will upon a class.


Premise: What was the average cost for a 30 second commercial during Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.


Premise: What is the last name of the player who finally recovered the ball Newton lost in the fourth quarter?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Denver's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays, but a holding penalty on cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs.


Premise: What day was Super Bowl 50 media day switched to?

Hypothesis: Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge.


Premise: How was the population of mnemiopsis in The black Sea and the Sea of Azov brought under control?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, in the late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov via the ballast tanks of ships, and has been blamed for causing sharp drops in fish catches by eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans that would otherwise feed the adult fish.


Premise: When did the Jin dynasty begin?

Hypothesis: During the Southern Song dynasty the descendant of Confucius at Qufu, the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in the north appointed Kong


Premise: What would a Preschool teacher make, salary-wise?

Hypothesis: Preschool teachers may earn £20,980 annually.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the smallest number of Bolivians it's estimated live in Newcastle?

Hypothesis: There are also estimated to be between 500 and 2,000 Bolivians in Newcastle, forming up to 1% of the population—the largest such percentage of any UK city.


Premise: What is the name of matters outside the legislative ability of the Scottish Parliament?

Hypothesis: Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament.


Premise: Who is responsible for education in the country of Australia?

Hypothesis: Education in Australia is primarily the responsibility of the individual states and territories.


Premise: What was intended for the site of the former boiler house?

Hypothesis: To link this to the rest of the museum, a new entrance building was constructed on the site of the former boiler house, the intended site of the Spiral, between 1978 and 1982.


Premise: What style were the mass constructed residential blocks designed in?

Hypothesis: Mass residential blocks were erected, with basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries.


Premise: Who congratulated the SNP while vowing to campaign against their referendum?

Hypothesis: McLetchie was elected on the Lothian regional list and the Conservatives suffered a net loss of five seats, with leader Annabel Goldie claiming that their support had held firm.


Premise: What is one condition that an element p of R must satisfy in order to be considered a prime element?

Hypothesis: In the ring Z of integers, the set of prime elements equals the set of irreducible elements, which is


Premise: In which direction does the west side of Fresno neighborhood lie to the 99 freeway?

Hypothesis: The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave (or the newly constructed 180 Freeway), and extends to the city limits to the west and south.


Premise: How many members make up the Judicial Council?

Hypothesis: It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference for an eight-year term.


Premise: What is wasted by rubisco's flaw?

Hypothesis: This is a big problem, since O2 is produced by the initial light reactions of photosynthesis, causing issues down the line in the Calvin cycle which uses rubisco.


Premise: In what body of water is the Harvard - Yale Regatta held?

Hypothesis: The Harvard crew is typically considered to be one of the top teams in the country in rowing.


Premise: In what geographical portion of Wales is Abercynon located?

Hypothesis: Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.


Premise: What characteristic of oxygen makes it necessary to life?

Hypothesis: Due to its energy content, O2 is used by complex forms of life, such as animals, in cellular respiration (see Biological role).


Premise: How many days was the 1996 film shown ahead of the BBC showing?

Hypothesis: The 1988 story Silver Nemesis was broadcast with all three episodes airing back to back on TVNZ in New Zealand in November, after the first episode had been shown in the UK but before the final two instalments had aired there.


Premise: How many siblings did Tesla have?

Hypothesis: Tesla was the fourth of five children.


Premise: What can rubisco do by mistake?

Hypothesis: It can waste up to half the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle.


Premise: What will have a direct impact of inequality in a system that uses a progressive tax?

Hypothesis: In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society, either increasing it or decreasing it, provided that income does not change as a result of the change in tax regime.


Premise: What fortification was built in the 19th century after the defeat of the November Uprising?

Hypothesis: The Warsaw Citadel, an impressive 19th-century fortification built after the defeat of the November Uprising, was a place of martyr for the Poles.


Premise: Which Apollo was the first testing of the LM, unmanned, in Earth's orbit?

Hypothesis: The ascent engine was fired in abort mode, known as a "fire-in-the-hole" test, where it was lit simultaneously with jettison of the descent stage.


Premise: Who did Warsaw serve as the seat for in 1529?

Hypothesis: In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569.


Premise: Who scored the first points for Denver?

Hypothesis: Then after an incompletion, Thomas Davis tackled Anderson for a 1-yard gain on third down, forcing Denver to settle for a 3–0 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal.


Premise: Which department houses the works on paper of the costume collection?

Hypothesis: One of the first significant gifts of costume came in 1913 when the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes and items as a gift from Harrods following its display at the nearby department store.


Premise: How many rival princes were involved in assassinating Gegeen?

Hypothesis: Gegeen was assassinated in a coup involving five princes from a rival faction, perhaps steppe elite opposed to Confucian reforms.


Premise: How long has the Doctor Who Magazine been in circulation?

Hypothesis: Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published, and a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979.


Premise: When was the British East India Company established?

Hypothesis: With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India.


Premise: What year was Casimir Pulaski born in Warsaw?

Hypothesis: Though Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, about 60 km (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old.


Premise: Who did the peasants think Luther would support an attack on?

Hypothesis: Preachers such as Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas Müntzer helped instigate the German Peasants' War of 1524–25, during which many atrocities were committed, often in Luther's name.


Premise: Who created the 2005 theme for Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: American composer John Debney created a new arrangement of Ron Grainer's original theme for Doctor Who in 1996.


Premise: What happened to nearby light bulbs?

Hypothesis: People walking along the street observed sparks jumping between their feet and the ground.


Premise: Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?

Hypothesis: At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam.


Premise: Which country did Rewe-Zentrale AG wish to import from?

Hypothesis: In the most famous case Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopol für Branntwein, the Court of Justice found that a German law requiring all spirits and liqueurs (not just imported ones) to have a minimum alcohol content of 25 per cent was contrary to TFEU article 34, because it had a greater negative effect on imports.


Premise: What is the time period represented in the museum's textiles collection?

Hypothesis: The collections are well represented in these areas: early silks from the Near East, lace, European tapestries and English medieval church embroidery.


Premise: Who did Wiesner hire to monitor and second guess NASA's decisions?

Hypothesis: Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner, who had expressed his opposition to manned spaceflight to Kennedy before the President took office, and had opposed the decision to land men on the Moon, hired Golovin, who had left NASA, to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel", ostensibly to monitor, but actually to second-guess NASA's decisions on the Saturn V launch vehicle and LOR by forcing Shea, Seamans, and even Webb to defend themselves, delaying its formal announcement to the press on July 11, 1962, and forcing Webb to still hedge the decision as "tentative".


Premise: Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?

Hypothesis: An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).


Premise: Which British sculptor and a leading member of the New Sculpture movement is represented in the the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain and whose work is in the collection include Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel Cibber, Grinling Gibbons, John Michael Rysbrack, Louis-François Roubiliac, Peter Scheemakers, Sir Henry Cheere, Agostino Carlini, Thomas Banks, Joseph Nollekens, Joseph Wilton, John Flaxman, Sir Francis Chantrey, John Gibson, Edward Hodges Baily, Lord Leighton, Alfred Stevens, Thomas Brock, Alfred Gilbert, George Frampton, and Eric Gill.


Premise: By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, what was the total UMC membership in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Given current trends in the UMC—with overseas churches growing, especially in Africa, and U.S. churches collectively losing about 1,000 members a week—it has been estimated that Africans will make up at least 30% of the delegates at the 2012 General Conference, and it is also possible that 40% of the delegates will be from outside the U.S. One Congolese bishop has estimated that typical Sunday attendance of the UMC is higher in his country than in the entire United States.


Premise: In which year did the newspaper define southern California?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the Times added a newer county—Imperial—to that list.


Premise: What type of reaction is present in the emergency oxygen generator of an airplane?

Hypothesis: Pulling on the masks "to start the flow of oxygen" as cabin safety instructions dictate, forces iron filings into the sodium chlorate inside the canister.


Premise: What is notable about the Amazon forest when it is seen from space?

Hypothesis: Deforestation is considerable, and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye from outer space.


Premise: Which department sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?

Hypothesis: The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.


Premise: What was the white population of Jacksonville as of 2010?

Hypothesis: However, the development of suburbs and a subsequent wave of middle class "white flight" left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before.


Premise: Where did Temüjin hide during his escape from the Tayichi'ud?

Hypothesis: The Tayichi'ud enslaved Temüjin (reportedly with a cangue, a sort of portable stocks), but with the help of a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun (who later became a general of Genghis Khan), he was able to escape from the ger (yurt) in the middle of the night by hiding in a river crevice.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?

Hypothesis: The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai.


Premise: When did the four rightly guided Caliphs die?

Hypothesis: This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.


Premise: What type of engines became popular for power generation after piston steam engines?

Hypothesis: Considering that the great majority of worldwide electric generation is produced by turbine type steam engines, the "steam age" is continuing with energy levels far beyond those of the turn of the 19th century.


Premise: In autoimmune disorders, the immune system doesn't distinguish between what types of cells?

Hypothesis: One of the functions of specialized cells (located in the thymus and bone marrow) is to present young lymphocytes with self antigens produced throughout the body and to eliminate those cells that recognize self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity.


Premise: How is Newport's airport connected to the city?

Hypothesis: It is connected to the city via the Metro Light Rail system and a journey into Newcastle city centre takes approximately 20 minutes.


Premise: What did the initial first stages of the Saturn I tests carry?

Hypothesis: The last three of these further supported the Apollo program by also carrying Pegasus satellites, which verified the safety of the translunar environment by measuring the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts.


Premise: In what year was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project conducted?

Hypothesis: Some of the largest primes not known to have any particular form (that is, no simple formula such as that of Mersenne primes) have been found by taking a piece of semi-random binary data, converting it to a number n, multiplying it by 256k for some positive integer k, and searching for possible primes within the interval [256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1)


Premise: What position did Luther have in Wittenberg?

Hypothesis: He spent the rest of his career in this position at the University of Wittenberg.


Premise: Which Doctors were featured in The Four Doctors?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Peter Davison, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy and Paul McGann came together again to star in the audio drama The Four Doctors.


Premise: Who founded Telnet

Hypothesis: It initially used ARPANET technology but changed the host interface to X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29.


Premise: How many tonnes of tomatoes does Victoria produce?

Hypothesis: Last year, 121,200 tonnes of pears and 270,000 tonnes of tomatoes were produced.


Premise: What reality series was the first spinoff of the Bachelor for ABC?

Hypothesis: 2002 saw the debut of the network's first hit reality series, The Bachelor (the elimination-style dating show's success led to a spinoff, The Bachelorette, which premiered the following year, as well as two additional spinoffs that later debuted in the early 2010s).


Premise: What is the purpose of the ASER?

Hypothesis: The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), which evaluates learning levels in rural India, has been reporting poorer academic achievement in government schools than in private schools.


Premise: Who did Warsaw serve as the seat for in 1529?

Hypothesis: In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Premise: What year did Robert J. Shiller win an Economics Nobel prize?

Hypothesis: High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth.


Premise: What South African industry descended from Huguenot settlers?

Hypothesis: Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names.


Premise: Who along with Russia supported post WW-II communist movements?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China supported post–World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests, but were not always successful.


Premise: What are we unsure of about how chloroplasts make methionine precursors?

Hypothesis: The chloroplast is known to make the precursors to methionine but it is unclear whether the organelle carries out the last leg of the pathway or if it happens in the cytosol.


Premise: Who was the medical report written for?

Hypothesis: The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a "great pestilence in the air".


Premise: What is notable about the Amazon forest when it is seen from space?

Hypothesis: The soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of time, so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land.


Premise: What fields of study were advanced during the Yuan?

Hypothesis: Advances were realized in the fields of travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education.


Premise: What does the pleurobrachia have on opposite sides of its body?

Hypothesis: Some species of cydippids have bodies that are flattened to various extents, so that they are wider in the plane of the tentacles.


Premise: The receptors on a killer T cell must bind to how many MHC: antigen complexes in order to activate the cell?

Hypothesis: The MHC:antigen complex is also recognized by the helper cell's CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck) that are responsible for the T cell's activation.


Premise: How old was Tesla when he wrote that he'd completed his dynamic theory of gravity?

Hypothesis: He stated that the theory was "worked out in all details" and that he hoped to soon give it to the world.


Premise: Sir Paul Pindar's house survived which 17th century disaster?

Hypothesis: As well as period rooms, the collection includes parts of buildings, for example the two top stories of the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600 from Bishopsgate with elaborately carved wood work and leaded windows, a rare survivor of the Great Fire of London, there is a brick portal from a London house of the English Restoration period and a fireplace from the gallery of Northumberland house.


Premise: What company had a contest to win a free Super Bowl commercial?

Hypothesis: QuickBooks sponsored a "Small Business Big Game" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks.


Premise: What kind of experiments of rock deformation do structural geologists perform?

Hypothesis: They also plot and combine measurements of geological structures in order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation in the area.


Premise: What nationality was Arthur Woolf?

Hypothesis: A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805.


Premise: What type of surnames is their a strong presence of?

Hypothesis: There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames, such as Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson.


Premise: How many seasons did the original Doctor Who run?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989.


Premise: What prohibits atoms from passing through each other?

Hypothesis: All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions.


Premise: Who is the museum named for?

Hypothesis: It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.


Premise: What civil rights movement in the US was known for it's disobedience?

Hypothesis: Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws.


Premise: What did the reforms cause?

Hypothesis: When the town council asked Luther to return, he decided it was his duty to act.


Premise: Along with mills and mines, in what industrial locations did steam drive machines?

Hypothesis: There have at one time or another been steam-powered farm tractors, motorcycles (without much success) and even automobiles as the Stanley Steamer.


Premise: Which British sculptor and a leading member of the New Sculpture movement is represented in the the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: A sample of some of these sculptors' work is on display in the British Galleries.


Premise: Why were the initial suggestions for a devolved parliament before 1914 shelved?

Hypothesis: A sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland during the late 1960s fuelled demands for some form of home rule or complete independence, and in 1969 prompted the incumbent Labour government of Harold Wilson to set up the Kilbrandon Commission to consider the British constitution.


Premise: What countries are used as an example of harsher discipline with successful education?

Hypothesis: Such individuals claim that many problems with modern schooling stem from the weakness in school discipline and if teachers exercised firm control over the classroom they would be able to teach more efficiently.


Premise: What other terminology is considered much more destructive?

Hypothesis: Christian Bay's encyclopedia article states that civil disobedience requires "carefully chosen and legitimate means," but holds that they do not have to be non-violent.


Premise: Who shared sideline reporting duties with Mark Malone?

Hypothesis: Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.


Premise: What two radio stations in Denver carried Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: In accordance with contractual rules, the rest of the stations in the Broncos and Panthers radio networks will either carry the Westwood One feed or not carry the game at all.


Premise: What type of forested areas can be found on the highest terrace?

Hypothesis: The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces and the lowest one the flood plain terrace.


Premise: How many seasons did The Love Boat run for?

Hypothesis: The success of Roots, Happy Days and The Love Boat allowed the network to take first place in the ratings for the first time in the 1976–77 season.


Premise: How many tonnes of tomatoes does Victoria produce?

Hypothesis: Victorian farms produce nearly 90% of Australian pears and third of apples.


Premise: What astronomers is also a university alumni member?

Hypothesis: Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman, who worked on some early projects involving nuclear-powered spacecraft propulsion systems, is also a graduate (M.Sc).


Premise: What are incompetent government's commitment to social justice limited to?

Hypothesis: " All this compares very favourably against incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric.


Premise: What was the name of the first Doctor Who story released as an LP?

Hypothesis: The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966.


Premise: What is Jacksonville's hottest recorded temperature?

Hypothesis: These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.


Premise: When could a teacher act in the role of a parent?

Hypothesis: While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent, with all the normal forms of parental discipline open to them.


Premise: About how many Walloons and Huguenots emigrated to England and Ireland in this era?

Hypothesis: In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain.


Premise: How is packet switching charecterized

Hypothesis: In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.


Premise: In what battle were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?

Hypothesis: Professor Liam Kelley noted that people from Song dynasty China like Zhao Zhong and Xu Zongdao fled to Tran dynasty ruled Vietnam after the Mongol invasion of the Song and they helped the Tran fight against the Mongol invasion.


Premise: What has the Court required to be more accessible?

Hypothesis: The Court has required that higher education, along with other forms of vocational training, should be more access, albeit with qualifying periods.


Premise: What equation currently decribes the physics of force.

Hypothesis: This is, of course, difficult to imagine in the context of "forces".


Premise: Who started the IPCC Trust Fund?

Hypothesis: Annual cash contributions to the Trust Fund are made by the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel, which is also responsible for considering and adopting by consensus the annual budget.


Premise: The French and Indian War was the New World aspect of what European conflict?

Hypothesis: By the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War), a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 1759-60.


Premise: What type of treaty was the Lisbon Treaty?

Hypothesis: Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty, but it was formally an amending treaty, and – though it significantly altered the existing treaties – it did not completely replace them.


Premise: Which gallery was redesigned in the 1990s and later improved in 2002?

Hypothesis: After the success of the British Galleries, opened in 2001, it was decided to embark on a major redesign of all the galleries in the museum; this is known as "FuturePlan", and was created in consultation with the exhibition designers and masterplanners Metaphor.


Premise: How long does the Members Debate last?

Hypothesis: The relevant minister, whose department the debate and motion relate to "winds up" the debate by speaking after all other participants.


Premise: When was the congregation at St. George's founded?

Hypothesis: At this time, Methodists had not yet broken away from the Anglican Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church was not founded until 1784.


Premise: When did the European Anti-Fraud Office investigate John Dalli?

Hypothesis: In 2012 it investigated the Maltese Commissioner for Health, John Dalli, who quickly resigned after allegations that he received a €60m bribe in connection with a Tobacco Products Directive.


Premise: Which examples of fashion does the museum continue to acquire for its collection?

Hypothesis: The museum continues to acquire examples of modern fashion to add to the collection.


Premise: What enzymes in saliva are antibacterial in nature?

Hypothesis: Enzymes such as lysozyme and phospholipase A2 in saliva, tears, and breast milk are also antibacterials.


Premise: What are one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?

Hypothesis: Dendritic cells serve as a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems, as they present antigens to T cells, one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system.


Premise: Where are the gonads located?

Hypothesis: The gonads are located in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis.


Premise: What was Newcastle named as the most type of city in the UK?

Hypothesis: In a report, published in early February 2007 by the Ear Institute at the University College London, and Widex, a Danish hearing aid manufacturer, Newcastle was named as the noisiest city in the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80.4 decibels.


Premise: What was the Doritos customer Super Bowl ad campaign called?

Hypothesis: Nintendo and The Pokémon Company also made their Super Bowl debut, promoting the 20th anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise.


Premise: What is the dispensary subject to in a majority of countries?

Hypothesis: In most countries, the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation.


Premise: What religion's schools were integrated into New Zealand public schools between 1979 and 1984?

Hypothesis: The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the nation's then-private Catholic school system integrated.


Premise: Which theorem states that every large even integer can be written as a prime summed with a semiprime?

Hypothesis: Chen's theorem says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime, the product of two primes.


Premise: bassett focuses on what to illustrate his idea?

Hypothesis: To better illustrate this idea, Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps during the "scramble for Africa".


Premise: How many Huguenots were killed during this purge?

Hypothesis: Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship.


Premise: How wide is the Rhine in Germany?

Hypothesis: Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region.


Premise: What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?

Hypothesis: That same year, Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment; it also signed an agreement with Time Warner Cable to carry its owned-and-operated television stations on the provider's systems in ABC O&O markets.


Premise: How many times was Cam Newton sacked in Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed.


Premise: When was Luther's last sermon?

Hypothesis: His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546, three days before his death.


Premise: What can people work towards if they aren't denied their functionings, capabilities and agency?

Hypothesis: To prevent such inequality, this approach believes it’s important to have political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security to ensure that people aren’t denied their functionings, capabilities, and agency and can thus work towards a better relevant income.


Premise: What became the foundation of the Reformation?

Hypothesis: His railing against the sale of indulgences was based on it.


Premise: What omen was Genghis Khan reported to have seen assuring his coming victory against the Tanguts?

Hypothesis: According to legend, it was here that Genghis Khan reportedly saw a line of five stars arranged in the sky and interpreted it as an omen of his victory.


Premise: Do the U.S. flags on the moon still have their original coloring or were they faded due to the Sun?

Hypothesis: All of the U. S. flags left on the Moon during the Apollo missions were found to still be standing, with the exception of the one left during the Apollo 11 mission, which was blown over during that mission's lift-off from the lunar surface and return to the mission Command Module in lunar orbit; the degree to which these flags retain their original colors remains unknown.


Premise: Who designed the golf course located at the Sunnyside Country Club?

Hypothesis: It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club, which maintains a golf course designed by William P. Bell.


Premise: Do adults or juveniles secretions luminesce brighter?

Hypothesis: When some species, including Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies.


Premise: In what venue did the NFL Experience take place?

Hypothesis: San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area "they are going to have to leave".


Premise: How many degrees south did the Amazon rainforest reach from 66-34 Mya?

Hypothesis: From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°.


Premise: What is a turbine's theoretical Carnot efficiency?

Hypothesis: This low turbine entry temperature (compared with a gas turbine) is why the Rankine cycle is often used as a bottoming cycle in combined-cycle gas turbine power stations.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the name given to the regions in which the pro - slavery southerners lived?

Hypothesis: Subsequently, Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated "Cow Counties" of southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California.


Premise: Why did Tesla avoid by fleeing Smiljan?

Hypothesis: Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger, both physically and mentally.


Premise: What is the other country the Rhine separates Switzerland to?

Hypothesis: Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the river Aare.


Premise: What can it sometimes take up to 14 years to get permission to build on?

Hypothesis: Other causes of extra-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents or having documents notarized but failing to have them recorded with the official agency.


Premise: Who makes up the BBC commentary team with Greg Brady and Rocky Boiman?

Hypothesis: The BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary.


Premise: What was Warsaw's population in 1901?

Hypothesis: According to the 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek orthodox Christians and 2.8% Protestants.


Premise: What is a typical configuration

Hypothesis: Because Frame relay is a data link layer protocol, like X.25 it does not define internal network routing operations.


Premise: When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?

Hypothesis: Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II.


Premise: What countries are used as an example of harsher discipline with successful education?

Hypothesis: This viewpoint is supported by the educational attainment of countries—in East Asia for instance—that combine strict discipline with high standards of education.[citation needed]


Premise: When did the European Anti-Fraud Office investigate John Dalli?

Hypothesis: This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office.


Premise: What position does Danny Trevathan play?

Hypothesis: However, the Panthers soon took the ball back when defensive end Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it, returning the ball 19 yards to the Panthers 39-yard line with 1:55 left on the clock.


Premise: To whom did William Maclure submit the map?

Hypothesis: The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map.


Premise: Whose tune did Luther adapt for the hymn of Psalm 67?

Hypothesis: Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach, used this rich hymn as a subject for their own work, although its objective baptismal theology was displaced by more subjective hymns under the influence of late-19th-century Lutheran pietism.


Premise: What is a name for the different ways to instruct students?

Hypothesis: Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy.


Premise: Where was the Archangel Michael shrine located?

Hypothesis: In 999, according to Amatus of Montecassino, Norman pilgrims returning from Jerusalem called in at the port of Salerno when a Saracen attack occurred.


Premise: What was the dual mission AS-258 a combination of?

Hypothesis: Its Saturn IB was allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208 or AS-258, planned for August 1967.


Premise: What occurs when electron clouds overlap from different atoms?

Hypothesis: When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects.:93 The normal force, for example, is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors as well as being the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object.


Premise: What was suggested at the Symposium in 1967

Hypothesis: He gave a talk on the proposal in 1966, after which a person from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) told him about Baran's work.


Premise: Where does the Nederrijn change it's name?

Hypothesis: The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn.


Premise: In what compound is oxygen part of a ring arrangement?

Hypothesis: Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.


Premise: What previous Super Bowl halftime show did Bruno Mars headline?

Hypothesis: On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend", would be making an appearance.


Premise: How many yards was the McManus field goal?

Hypothesis: Despite Denver's excellent field position, they could not get the ball into the end zone, so McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13–7.


Premise: On what service could the ESPN Deportes broadcast be streamed?

Hypothesis: The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN.


Premise: What method was used to clear forest for crop cultivation in the amazon forest?

Hypothesis: Farms established during the 1960s were based on crop cultivation and the slash and burn method.


Premise: What was the Yuan's Persian ally?

Hypothesis: It had significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia until its decline; the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate, encouraged this development.


Premise: What did Luther feel he made of Christ?

Hypothesis: Johann von Staupitz, his superior, pointed Luther's mind away from continual reflection upon his sins toward the merits of Christ.


Premise: In what country does some clergy in the UMC occasionally practice exorcism?

Hypothesis: Some clergy offer healing services, while exorcism is an occasional practice by some clergy in The United Methodist Church in Africa.


Premise: The UMC supports research on what cells retrieved from umbilical cords?

Hypothesis: The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for IVF that remain after the procreative efforts have ceased, if the embryos were provided for research instead of being destroyed, were not obtained by sale, and those donating had given prior informed consent for the research purposes.


Premise: What did Microsoft announce that it would rename Sky Drive Pro to?

Hypothesis: On 27 January 2014, Microsoft announced "that SkyDrive will soon become OneDrive" and "SkyDrive Pro" becomes "OneDrive for Business".


Premise: What is the term for a meeting of Mongol chiefs?

Hypothesis: The title Khagan was not conferred on Genghis until after his death, when his son and successor, Ögedei, took the title for himself and extended it posthumously to his father (as he was also to be posthumously declared the founder of the Yuan dynasty).


Premise: What country has such unmanageable students that many teachers do not discipline them?

Hypothesis: In Japan, for example, although average attainment on standardized tests may exceed those in Western countries, classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic.


Premise: What is the only district in the CBD to not have "downtown" in it's name?

Hypothesis: Central business districts (CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.


Premise: When did Luther return to Wittenberg?

Hypothesis: Luther secretly returned to Wittenberg on 6 March 1522.


Premise: The flags on the moon left by the U.S. manned Apollo missions are all still standing save for which mission's flag?

Hypothesis: All of the U. S. flags left on the Moon during the Apollo missions were found to still be standing, with the exception of the one left during the Apollo 11 mission, which was blown over during that mission's lift-off from the lunar surface and return to the mission Command Module in lunar orbit; the degree to which these flags retain their original colors remains unknown.


Premise: Who had five sacks in nine games as a Carolina Panthers starter?

Hypothesis: Carolina's secondary featured Pro Bowl safety Kurt Coleman, who led the team with a career high seven interceptions, while also racking up 88 tackles and Pro Bowl cornerback Josh Norman, who developed into a shutdown corner during the season and had four interceptions, two of which were returned for touchdowns.


Premise: What campaign did the Communist regime initiate after WWII?

Hypothesis: The city resumed its role as the capital of Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life.


Premise: What was causing New France to have issues with resupplying?

Hypothesis: While many parties to the conflict blamed others (the Indians blamed the French for bringing "bad medicine" as well as denying them prizes at Fort William Henry), the disease was probably spread through the crowded conditions at William Henry after the battle.


Premise: What did Luther need to do to avoid excommunication?

Hypothesis: On the Freedom of a Christian in October, publicly set fire to the bull and decretals at Wittenberg on 10 December 1520, an act he defended in Why the Pope and his Recent Book are Burned and Assertions Concerning All Articles.


Premise: When is the game's media day usually held?

Hypothesis: Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge.


Premise: What two radio stations in Denver carried Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: In Denver, KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary.


Premise: Warsaw's sidewalks and sanitation facilities are some examples of things which have what?

Hypothesis: In particular, the city's metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities and sanitation facilities have improved markedly.


Premise: What Doctor Who story from 1970 is available on Blu-ray?

Hypothesis: Only the series from 2009 onwards are available on Blu-ray, except for the 1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013.


Premise: When did the accident occur?

Hypothesis: In the fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker to make his regular commute to the cathedral and the library to feed the pigeons.


Premise: What was the significance of British win?

Hypothesis: The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict.


Premise: What political response was convening in June/July 1754?

Hypothesis: The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the success in the war that was unfolding.


Premise: Who often operates internet pharmacies?

Hypothesis: Internet pharmacies (also known as online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians if they are homebound.


Premise: What is the Mongolian name for the original place of the Genghis Khan mausoleum?

Hypothesis: In 1939 Chinese Nationalist soldiers took the mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia to protect it from Japanese troops.


Premise: Finding what helps to determine if a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?

Hypothesis: Faults are younger than the rocks they cut; accordingly, if a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger than the fault.


Premise: What did Paul Baran develop

Hypothesis: The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s.


Premise: What was Tesla afraid someone was trying to do with his invention?

Hypothesis: He said that there was no danger that his invention could be stolen, for he had at no time committed any part of it to paper; the blueprint for the teleforce weapon was all in his mind.


Premise: When did Menich serve as President?

Hypothesis: Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents – i.e. such cities, which have over 100,000 people or these, where already was president before 1990.


Premise: What year was Jamukha elected Gür Khan?

Hypothesis: In 1201, a khuruldai elected Jamukha as Gür Khan, "universal ruler", a title used by the rulers of the Qara Khitai.


Premise: What does ctenophore use to capture prey?

Hypothesis: Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.


Premise: What do some theories claim about civil disobedience?

Hypothesis: Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities.


Premise: What form of death did Jamukha hope Temüjin would allow him?

Hypothesis: Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky, and he asked for a noble death.


Premise: What building was a gift from the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: The city resumed its role as the capital of Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life.


Premise: How were most city officials elected in the 1960s?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network.


Premise: What is the main judicial body of the EU?

Hypothesis: The judicial branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law, by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration.


Premise: What was Frensh military presence at start of war?

Hypothesis: Most British colonies mustered local militia companies, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, to deal with native threats, but did not have any standing forces.


Premise: Who came up with germ theory?

Hypothesis: Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time.


Premise: What was the purpose of CSNET

Hypothesis: It played a significant role in spreading awareness of, and access to, national networking and was a major milestone on the path to development of the global Internet.


Premise: What did Saudi Arabia try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature?

Hypothesis: These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed.


Premise: Oxygen is released in cellular respiration by?

Hypothesis: It is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms.


Premise: What is the kilogram-force sometimes reffered to as?

Hypothesis: The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug (sometimes mug or hyl) is that mass that accelerates at 1 m·s−2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf.


Premise: What is the region called that is the largest conurbation of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: One of the most important cities in this region is Duisburg with the largest river port in Europe (Duisport).


Premise: What production company pitched The Untouchables to CBS in 1958?

Hypothesis: The movement in westerns, which ABC is credited for having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959, at which point detective shows were beginning to rise in popularity as well.


Premise: Who asked Luther to return to the city?

Hypothesis: When the town council asked Luther to return, he decided it was his duty to act.


Premise: Who were the Semuren?

Hypothesis: In general there were very few North Chinese or Southerners reaching the highest-post in the government compared with the possibility that Persians did so in the Ilkhanate.


Premise: What is Kenya known for?

Hypothesis: The climate is cooler in the savannah grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi, and especially closer to Mount Kenya, which has snow permanently on its peaks.


Premise: Who has the record of being the oldest quarter back in any Super Bowl game?

Hypothesis: Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls.


Premise: What is the name of the region that is not defined by the eight or 10 county definitions?

Hypothesis: The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.


Premise: How much of the population is Hindu?

Hypothesis: The upper part of Kenya's Eastern Region is home to 10% of the country's Muslims, where they constitute the majority religious group.


Premise: What was the other finalist besides Levi's Stadium?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: When was the French and Indian War?

Hypothesis: The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies.


Premise: Who captured Fort Beausejour?

Hypothesis: Monckton's forces, including companies of Rogers' Rangers, forcibly removed thousands of Acadians, chasing down many who resisted, and sometimes committing atrocities.


Premise: What is the oldest known rock in the world?

Hypothesis: Even older rocks, such as the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada, the oldest known rock in the world have been metamorphosed to the point where their origin is undiscernable without laboratory analysis.


Premise: What are chromoplasts?

Hypothesis: Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions are possible.


Premise: Along with geothermal and nuclear, what is a notable non-combustion heat source?

Hypothesis: In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure.


Premise: Where did Jebe die?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan recalled Subutai back to Mongolia soon afterwards, and Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand.


Premise: What characteristic in recent years has been strongly tied with health in developed countries?

Hypothesis: Creating an index of "Health and Social Problems" from nine factors, authors Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett found health and social problems "more common in countries with bigger income inequalities", and more common among states in the US with larger income inequalities.


Premise: What other moniker was Genghis Khan's general Jebe known by?

Hypothesis: Therefore, Genghis sent only two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug, under his younger general, Jebe, known as "The Arrow".


Premise: When Iqbal promoted ideas of greater Islamic political unity, what did he encourage ending?

Hypothesis: In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted ideas of greater Islamic political co-operation and unity, calling for the shedding of nationalist differences.


Premise: What was Brisbane's job?

Hypothesis: In an interview with newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy, stating, "


Premise: Who was Frédéric Chopin?

Hypothesis: Famous musicians include Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin.


Premise: How much of Paris' population was killed by the plague?

Hypothesis: Half of Paris's population of 100,000 people died.


Premise: Horizontal layers of what are pulled along a surface into a back stop in analog versions of orogenic wedge experiments?

Hypothesis: In the analog versions of these experiments, horizontal layers of sand are pulled along a lower surface into a back stop, which results in realistic-looking patterns of faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge.


Premise: What do scholars sometimes assert that Luther believed about what faith and reason were to each other?

Hypothesis: Some scholars have asserted that Luther taught that faith and reason were antithetical in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason.


Premise: In China, this person inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by silt deposition, what was his name?

Hypothesis: Some modern scholars, such as Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end.


Premise: When was the suspension by FIFA lifted?

Hypothesis: However, its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the now defunct Kenya Football Federation, leading to a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March 2007.


Premise: On what date did Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula?

Hypothesis: They arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights.


Premise: Granting what status would allow private non-religious schools in the US to receive public funds?

Hypothesis: Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments. Non-religious private schools theoretically could qualify for such funding without hassle, preferring the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status.


Premise: What did Gano hit on his 44-yard field goal attempt?

Hypothesis: But the Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line, and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.


Premise: To which year is the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark is dated?

Hypothesis: The collection includes the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark, a silver gilt beaker dated 1496–97.


Premise: Since this was the 50th one, what was the theme color for the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: Various gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"; gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos.


Premise: When was the Brotherhood first banned in Egypt?

Hypothesis: The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt and has been banned several times, in 1948 and several years later following confrontations with Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser, who jailed thousands of members for several years.


Premise: When did the Jin dynasty begin?

Hypothesis: During the Yuan dynasty, one of Confucius' descendants moved from China to Goryeo era Korea and established a branch of the family there after marrying a Korean woman.


Premise: At Millingen aan de Rijn where the Rhine splits, what does it change it's name to?

Hypothesis: Three more flows carry significant amounts of water: the Nieuwe Merwede ("New Merwede"), which branches off from the southern branch where it changes from Boven to Beneden Merwede; the Oude Maas ("Old Meuse"), which branches off from the southern branch where it changes from Beneden Merwede into Noord, and Dordtse Kil, which branches off from Oude Maas.


Premise: What organization is John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer members of?

Hypothesis: In an analysis of the effects of intensive Anglo-American liberal policies in comparison to continental European liberalism, where unions have remained strong, they concluded "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion, including high levels of income inequality, high relative and absolute poverty rates, poor and unequal educational outcomes, poor health outcomes, and high rates of crime and incarceration.


Premise: What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by p?

Hypothesis: While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |−|p yields the field of p-adic numbers.


Premise: What is the expression used to denote a worst case complexity as expressed by time taken?

Hypothesis: The worst-case is when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, and the algorithm takes time O(n2) for this case.