Premise: What were NTL's services rebranded as?

Hypothesis: The announcement came a day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform, and on the same day that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media.


Premise: Who formulated the idea of clonal selection theory of immunity?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity.


Premise: When did Luther's writings to spread to France, England and Italy?

Hypothesis: To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian.


Premise: If you were to take a train west or south out of the city of Fresno, which railroad would you take?

Hypothesis: The Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads cross in Fresno, and both railroads maintain railyards within the city; the San Joaquin Valley Railroad also operates former Southern Pacific branchlines heading west and south out of the city.


Premise: How did scientists assess the DNA/RNA of yersinia pestis?

Hypothesis: ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages".


Premise: Which tribes did Genghis Khan unite?

Hypothesis: Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China.


Premise: Who notably improved the Savery water pump?

Hypothesis: Bento de Moura Portugal introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction "to render it capable of working itself", as described by John Smeaton in the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751.


Premise: What do Cydippids use to capture their prey?

Hypothesis: The textbook examples are cydippids with egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla ("little tentacles") that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells that capture prey.


Premise: How was Temüjin kept imprisoned by the Tayichi'ud?

Hypothesis: In another incident, around 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud.


Premise: Which border does the megaregion extend over?

Hypothesis: The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States.


Premise: From which period did the objects in the Soulages collection come from?

Hypothesis: The Soulages collection of Italian and French Renaissance objects was acquired between 1859 and 1865, and includes several cassone.


Premise: What is student motivation about school linked to?

Hypothesis: Useful teacher-to-student interactions are crucial in linking academic success with personal achievement.


Premise: D'Olier Street is named after whom?

Hypothesis: Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland.


Premise: What profession was Nathan Alterman?

Hypothesis: Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski, the Israeli composer, lyricist, and pianist, who studied music at the Warsaw Conservatory.


Premise: Who published the State of the Planet 2008-2009 report?

Hypothesis: Others see as well mixed blessings of the drive for consensus within the IPCC process and ask to include dissenting or minority positions or to improve statements about uncertainties.


Premise: Who did play-by-play on Westwood One?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: When do chloroplasts spread out flat?

Hypothesis: This ability to distribute chloroplasts so that they can take shelter behind each other or spread out may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones.


Premise: What was the main idea of James Hutton's paper?

Hypothesis: In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which in turn were raised up to become dry land.


Premise: How many more landing sites for the Apollo missions did NASA have planned?

Hypothesis: NASA publicized a preliminary list of eight more planned landing sites, with plans to increase the mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions, along with the payload capacity of the Saturn V.


Premise: What church is located at the corner of 4th and New Streets in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: The congregation was founded in 1767, meeting initially in a sail loft on Dock Street, and in 1769 it purchased the shell of a building which had been erected in 1763 by a German Reformed congregation.


Premise: How does inequality prevent growth?

Hypothesis: Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand.


Premise: Which mission did Schmitt finally land on the moon?

Hypothesis: Schmitt participated in the lunar geology training of all of the Apollo landing crews.


Premise: What are free-to-air encrypted broadcasts known as?

Hypothesis: Some broadcasts are free-to-air and unencrypted, some are encrypted but do not require a monthly subscription (known as free-to-view), some are encrypted and require a monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view services.


Premise: How much was the Apollo project estimated to have cost from 1959 to 1973, the length of the program?

Hypothesis: The Space Review estimated in 2010 the cost of Apollo from 1959 to 1973 as $20.4 billion, or $109 billion in 2010 dollars.


Premise: What kind of allegations were brought after the 2007 election?

Hypothesis: Further, in the aftermath of the national elections of December 2007 and the violence that subsequently engulfed the country, a commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission, commended its readiness and adjudged it to "have performed its duty well."


Premise: Why does Doctor Who's TARDIS always look the same?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who follows the adventures of the primary character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, who simply goes by the name "The Doctor".


Premise: What are auricles?

Hypothesis: Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth.


Premise: On what theorem is the formula that frequently generates the number 2 and all other primes precisely once based on?

Hypothesis: Here  represents the floor function, i.e., largest integer not greater than the number in question.


Premise: What crime drama debuted on ABC in September 1994?

Hypothesis: Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994, with Thomas Murphy taking over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger.


Premise: How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?

Hypothesis: In land plants, chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped, 5–8 μm in diameter and 1–3 μm thick.


Premise: How far is Jacksonville from Miami?

Hypothesis: A platted town was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States.


Premise: How many pounds of steam per kilowatt hour does the Energiprojekt AB engine use?

Hypothesis: Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines.


Premise: Who is the current Governor of Victoria?

Hypothesis: Victoria is currently governed by the Labor Party, with Daniel Andrews the current Premier.


Premise: What battle outside Quebec City did British lose in 1760?

Hypothesis: British victories continued in all theaters in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec (in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders), and victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south.


Premise: What publication did Philip Howard work for?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.


Premise: Is the Pope's confessor a Bishop?

Hypothesis: Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational, with a stronger tradition of spiritual formation in the more historic and authoritarian/hierarchical Christian traditions with a long tradition of "discernment of spirits", of vocations, and other aspects of spiritual life, especially the Roman and Orthodox Catholic Churches.


Premise: When did the logo bug begin appearing throughout the entire program for ABC shows?

Hypothesis: In 1983, for the 40th anniversary of the network's founding, ID sequences had the logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan "That Special Feeling" in a script font.


Premise: Along with Canada and the United Kingdom, what country generally doesn't refer to universities as private schools?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries including Australia and Canada, the use of the term is generally restricted to primary and secondary educational levels; it is almost never used of universities and other tertiary institutions.


Premise: What is beta carotene?

Hypothesis: β-carotene is a bright red-orange carotenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts, like chlorophyll a. Xanthophylls, especially the orange-red zeaxanthin, are also common.


Premise: What is the name of Harvard's basketball facility?

Hypothesis: The Malkin Athletic Center, known as the "MAC", serves both as the university's primary recreation facility and as a satellite location for several varsity sports.


Premise: What was Old Briton's response to Celeron?

Hypothesis: Old Briton" ignored the warning.


Premise: What scripture did Luther use to back up his opinion that churchmen were not infallible?

Hypothesis: Luther's boldest assertion in the debate was that Matthew 16:18 does not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture, and that therefore neither popes nor church councils were infallible.


Premise: What was the average cost of a 30-second commercial?

Hypothesis: CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.


Premise: What did higher material living standards lead to for most of human history?

Hypothesis: This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world.


Premise: In what year was the Corliss engine patented?

Hypothesis: When Corliss was given the Rumford medal the committee said that "no one invention since Watt's time has so enhanced the efficiency of the steam engine".


Premise: Why have modern Lutherans stopped using the hymn?

Hypothesis: Luther's hymn, adapted and expanded from an earlier German creedal hymn, gained widespread use in vernacular Lutheran liturgies as early as 1525.


Premise: The academic body of the university is made up of how many divisions of graduate?

Hypothesis: The university also contains a library system, the University of Chicago Press, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, and the University of Chicago Medical Center, and holds ties with a number of independent academic institutions, including Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Marine Biological Laboratory.


Premise: What increased in the Rhine because of the land clearance in the upland areas?

Hypothesis: As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up.


Premise: Who ordered Loudoun to attack Louisbourg?

Hypothesis: He was then ordered by William Pitt, the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies, to attack Louisbourg first.


Premise: What did Pope Leo X launch against Luther?

Hypothesis: Over the next three years he deployed a series of papal theologians and envoys against Luther, which served only to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology.


Premise: How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo for Best Dramatic Presentation?

Hypothesis: It has won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the oldest science fiction/fantasy award for films and series, six times (every year since 2006, except for 2009, 2013 and 2014).


Premise: What kind of arches does Norman architecture have?

Hypothesis: Norman architecture typically stands out as a new stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued.


Premise: What series has an actor doing an impression of the Fourth Doctor?

Hypothesis: Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series.


Premise: Who was the ally of his father that Genghis Khan fell out as time passed?

Hypothesis: These include rifts with his early allies such as Jamukha (who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes) and Wang Khan (his and his father's ally), his son Jochi, and problems with the most important shaman, who was allegedly trying to drive a wedge between him and his loyal brother Khasar.


Premise: Who were special guests for the Super Bowl halftime show?

Hypothesis: The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.


Premise: Who discovered the Yellow Fever virus?

Hypothesis: Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time.


Premise: How many seats does Victoria have in the Senate?

Hypothesis: The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau.


Premise: What second part of air was deemed lifeless by Lavoisier?

Hypothesis: He noted that air rushed in when he opened the container, which indicated that part of the trapped air had been consumed.


Premise: How many farms are there in Victoria?

Hypothesis: As of 2004, an estimated 32,463 farms occupied around 136,000 square kilometres (52,500 sq mi) of Victorian land.


Premise: What river runs through Warsaw?

Hypothesis: It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains.


Premise: What type of forested areas can be found on the highest terrace?

Hypothesis: These are mainly forested areas (pine forest).


Premise: What armed group stopped the uprising at Ballarat?

Hypothesis: In 1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against mining taxes (the "Eureka Stockade").


Premise: Where are Jersey and Guernsey

Hypothesis: The customary law of Normandy was developed between the 10th and 13th centuries and survives today through the legal systems of Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands.


Premise: What happens to the working fluid in a closed loop system?

Hypothesis: Low boiling hydrocarbons can be used in a binary cycle.


Premise: On which corner is the shopping center located?

Hypothesis: There have been numerous attempts to revitalize the neighborhood, including the construction of a modern shopping center on the corner of Fresno and B streets, an aborted attempt to build luxury homes and a golf course on the western edge of the neighborhood, and some new section 8 apartments have been built along Church Ave west of Elm St. Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms both have large processing facilities in the neighborhood, and the stench from these (and other small industrial facilities) has long plagued area residents.


Premise: How long will the event at Santa Clara Convention Center last?

Hypothesis: In addition, there are $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center, a beer, wine and food festival at Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University, and a pep rally.


Premise: Who hosts the weeknight talk show featured on ABC networks?

Hypothesis: Late nights feature the weeknight talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live!.


Premise: What is the main goal of criminal punishment of civil disobedients?

Hypothesis: Brownlee argues, "Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law’s engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person because it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law."


Premise: Who commissioned the Tapestry?

Hypothesis: By far the most famous work of Norman art is the Bayeux Tapestry, which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery.


Premise: Where was the centrifugal governor first observed by Boulton?

Hypothesis: The governor was improved over time and coupled with variable steam cut off, good speed control in response to changes in load was attainable near the end of the 19th century.


Premise: Who translated and printed Luther's 95 These?

Hypothesis: It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press.


Premise: What Panther tore his ACL in the preseason?

Hypothesis: Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history, becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978.


Premise: What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port since 2007?

Hypothesis: The DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006 – the company cited high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services as the cause – and their service to Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008.


Premise: What system was adopted for education?

Hypothesis: Kenya's first system of education was introduced by British colonists.


Premise: What is the name of a Bodhisattva vow?

Hypothesis: A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.


Premise: What is the average plant biosmass?

Hypothesis: The total number of tree species in the region is estimated at 16,000.


Premise: What was the Italian title of Polo's book?

Hypothesis: The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe.


Premise: Where did he work on the oscillators?

Hypothesis: While experimenting with mechanical oscillators at his Houston Street lab, Tesla allegedly generated a resonance of several buildings.


Premise: What is the largest ctenophore?

Hypothesis: There is a pair of comb-rows along each aboral edge, and tentilla emerging from a groove all along the oral edge, which stream back across most of the wing-like body surface.


Premise: When did Archbishop Albrecht send Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses to Rome?

Hypothesis: Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses.


Premise: In which year did Genghis Khan's grandson invade Kievan Rus'?

Hypothesis: In 1237 Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, launched an invasion into Kievan Rus'.


Premise: How much of the sun is made up of oxygen?

Hypothesis: About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen.


Premise: What previous Super Bowl halftime show did Bruno Mars headline?

Hypothesis: Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson also performed.


Premise: In what year did Warszowa become the official capital of the Masovian Duchy?

Hypothesis: Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526.


Premise: Where is the Apostles located?

Hypothesis: ("We All Believe in One True God") is a three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism.


Premise: Where is corporal punishment no longer practiced?

Hypothesis: In past times, corporal punishment (spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain) was one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world.


Premise: What did Newton's mechanics affect?

Hypothesis: For situations where lattice holding together the atoms in an object is able to flow, contract, expand, or otherwise change shape, the theories of continuum mechanics describe the way forces affect the material.


Premise: When did Tesla come to the US?

Hypothesis: He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices.


Premise: What bridge did the Germans fail to demolish?

Hypothesis: In World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies.


Premise: If the apparant force of two fermions is repulsive, what is the spin function?

Hypothesis: However, already in quantum mechanics there is one "caveat", namely the particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called the "spin", and there is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables.


Premise: When was Johann Tetzel sent by the Roman Catholic Church to Germany to sell indulgences?

Hypothesis: The benefits of good works could be obtained by donating money to the church.


Premise: What did Tesla mistakenly believe X-rays were?

Hypothesis: Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas.


Premise: What was the daily distance walked by Tesla?

Hypothesis: He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells.


Premise: When was Warsaw's stock exchange brought back to life?

Hypothesis: Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II.


Premise: How large are Plastoglobuli?

Hypothesis: They are also common in etioplasts, but decrease in number as the etioplasts mature into chloroplasts.


Premise: What did Luther form in 1525 to 1529?

Hypothesis: By 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church.


Premise: Which architect, famous for the India Gate in New Delhi, is represented in the RIBA collection?

Hypothesis: British architects whose drawings, and in some cases models of their buildings, in the collection, include: Inigo Jones, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor, William Kent, James Gibbs, Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, Henry Holland, John Nash, Sir John Soane, Sir Charles Barry, Charles Robert Cockerell, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, Sir George Gilbert Scott, John Loughborough Pearson, George Edmund Street, Richard Norman Shaw, Alfred Waterhouse, Sir Edwin Lutyens, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Charles Holden, Frank Hoar, Lord Richard Rogers, Lord Norman Foster, Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Zaha Hadid and Alick Horsnell.


Premise: How often does the European Council meet?

Hypothesis: It meets each six months and its President (currently former Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk) is meant to 'drive forward its work', but it does not itself 'legislative functions'.


Premise: How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo for Best Dramatic Presentation?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards and has won over a hundred of them.


Premise: What disease did Tesla contract in 1873?

Hypothesis: Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.


Premise: How is income inequality generally viewed by workers?

Hypothesis: the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market.


Premise: How much area does the University Library garden cover?

Hypothesis: It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft).


Premise: How did the party overthrow the elected government in 1989?

Hypothesis: After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military.


Premise: What did the number of legions in Roman times depend on?

Hypothesis: Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops); two legions at oppidum Ubiorum ("town of the Ubii"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne, V Alaudae, a Celtic legion recruited from Gallia Narbonensis and XXI, possibly a Galatian legion from the other side of the empire.


Premise: When was the announcement for the LOR made after being delayed?

Hypothesis: But even after NASA reached internal agreement, it was far from smooth sailing.


Premise: What success did Abercrombie gain out of the defeat at Carillon?

Hypothesis: The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia and Native American allies outside the fort the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga.


Premise: Which NFL team represented the NFC at Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season.


Premise: What was Phillips official title for NASA?

Hypothesis: Based on his industry experience on Air Force missile projects, Mueller realized some skilled managers could be found among high-ranking officers in the United States Air Force, so he got Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips, who gained a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller.


Premise: What Governor in charge of New France died in 1752?

Hypothesis: On March 17, 1752, the Governor-General of New France, Marquis de la Jonquière, died and was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne de Longueuil.


Premise: What is an example of a controlled substance?

Hypothesis: There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server, for a controlled substance to a "patient" s/he has never met.[citation needed]


Premise: When did the last glacial start?

Hypothesis: The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP).


Premise: What effect did the plague have on the Middle East?

Hypothesis: The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed]


Premise: Where in Warsaw are patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for Independence found?

Hypothesis: A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katyń Museum which preserves the memory of the crime.


Premise: When did Luther write the hymn From Depths of Woe I cry to You?

Hypothesis: "From depths of woe I cry to you") in 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130 and sent it as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns for use in German worship.


Premise: What did Tesla tell Brisbane he didn't believe in?

Hypothesis: In an interview with newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy, stating, "


Premise: How would the geographical societies in Europe support certain travelers?

Hypothesis: These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.


Premise: What civil rights movement in the US was known for it's disobedience?

Hypothesis: It has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in India (Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany to oust their communist governments, In South Africa in the fight against apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution in Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine, among other various movements worldwide.


Premise: What year is the earliest traces of the color Crimson at Harvard?

Hypothesis: The school color is crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson.


Premise: What did Martin Luther's marriage allow?

Hypothesis: His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture.


Premise: What other projectiles did Tesla compare the electric particles to?

Hypothesis: In comparing these particles with the bits of metal projected by his "electric gun," Tesla said, "The particles in the beam of force ... will travel much faster than such particles ... and they will travel in concentrations."


Premise: How much money is being spent on other Super Bowl-related events?

Hypothesis: A professional fundraiser will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council to help fund the event.


Premise: What is the Island off of the German shore of the Rhine that this warm and cold water meet?

Hypothesis: But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.


Premise: What is the annual construction industry revenue in 2014?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the industry in 2014 has around $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau, of which $680 billion is private (split evenly between residential and nonresidential) and the remainder is government.


Premise: Where did Tesla go upon leaving Gospic?

Hypothesis: In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study.


Premise: What event followed the battle?

Hypothesis: Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by Müntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close.


Premise: Who handled pre-game coverage on Westwood One?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: When was a study conducted of Swedish counties?

Hypothesis: Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth.


Premise: What radio network carried the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.


Premise: Who was the Jin dynasty defector who betrayed the location of the Jin army?

Hypothesis: Ming-Tan, to the Mongol side, who defected and told the Mongols that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of the pass.


Premise: When was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN) issued?

Hypothesis: In the year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized, the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN) and the Special Report on Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX).


Premise: Who did Britain exploit in India?

Hypothesis: The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited the political weakness of the Mughal state, and, while military activity was important at various times, the economic and administrative incorporation of local elites was also of crucial significance" for the establishment of control over the subcontinent's resources, markets, and manpower.


Premise: What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union law?

Hypothesis: The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice that constitute unwritten rules which are not expressly provided for in the treaties but which affect how European Union law is interpreted and applies.


Premise: Who besides the british colonized Africa?

Hypothesis: He states that maps "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa".


Premise: What did Warsz own?

Hypothesis: In actuality, Warsz was a 12th/13th-century nobleman who owned a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood.


Premise: What Newcastle radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?

Hypothesis: The city also has a Radio Lollipop station based at the Great North Children's Hospital in the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary.


Premise: What did Luther use the hymn to encourage colleagues to do?

Hypothesis: Because it expressed essential Reformation doctrine, this expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" was designated as a regular component of several regional Lutheran liturgies and was widely used at funerals, including Luther's own.


Premise: What kind of weapon did Tesla talk about?

Hypothesis: Later in life, Tesla made claims concerning a "teleforce" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator.


Premise: What festival is held in October in Newcastle?

Hypothesis: The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival is also held in early October.


Premise: Where was the Rhine regulated with an upper canal?

Hypothesis: The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake.


Premise: What is the definition of agency as it relates to capabilities?

Hypothesis: Unlike neoliberalism, which “defines well-being as utility maximization”, economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than the end itself.


Premise: Who is considered the leading figure in the Arts and Crafts movement?

Hypothesis: There is a large display on the Great Exhibition which, among other things, led to the founding of the V&A.


Premise: What period did plates reverse directions to compress the Tethys floor?

Hypothesis: At about 180 MBP, in the Jurassic Period, the two plates reversed direction and began to compress the Tethys floor, causing it to be subducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Periods.


Premise: What was Tesla's mother's name?

Hypothesis: His father, Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest.


Premise: What industry has managed to survive major military spending cutbacks?

Hypothesis: Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace continues to be a major factor.


Premise: What type of steam engine doesn't need valves to direct steam?

Hypothesis: Instead of valves, the entire cylinder rocks, or oscillates, such that one or more holes in the cylinder line up with holes in a fixed port face or in the pivot mounting (trunnion).


Premise: Which architect, famous for designing London's St. Paul Cathedral, is represented in the RIBA collection?

Hypothesis: The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini.


Premise: In what state is the largest Huguenot Society located?

Hypothesis: The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as an historic shrine with occasional services.


Premise: Which MVP died in 2001?

Hypothesis: No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII, who died in 2001.


Premise: Who is usually working together?

Hypothesis: Often, it is not just one contractor, but a consortium of several contractors working together.


Premise: When was the Imperial Library Directorate established?

Hypothesis: Local schools and government agencies were funded to support the publishing of books.


Premise: In what city is the last Huguenot congregation in the US?

Hypothesis: The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844.


Premise: What did Luther call his stay a Wartburg Castle?

Hypothesis: They escorted Luther to the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach.


Premise: Approximately how many items are in the V&A's textiles collection?

Hypothesis: The collection of textiles consists of more than 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD to the present, this is the largest such collection in the world.


Premise: Who said chloroplasts are similar to cyanobacteria?

Hypothesis: This origin of chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria.


Premise: What is another plague thought to have spread the same way?

Hypothesis: He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.


Premise: What building was a gift from the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: After World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated, and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such as the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union.


Premise: When was the "Dalekmania" period?

Hypothesis: The first of these was the "Dalekmania" period (circa 1964–1965), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought Doctor Who ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them.


Premise: What type of civil disobedience is larger scale?

Hypothesis: Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. "cultural revolution", it simply implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric).


Premise: Salafism posits that democracy is responsible for what type of horrible events of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century," that Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were infidels, etc.


Premise: What are ABC's current daytime talk shows?

Hypothesis: ABC's daytime schedule currently features talk shows The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital, the latter of which is the longest-running entertainment program in the history of the ABC television network, having aired since 1963.


Premise: What makes red algae red?

Hypothesis: Rhodoplasts have chlorophyll a and phycobilins for photosynthetic pigments; the phycobilin phycoerytherin is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color.


Premise: Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?

Hypothesis: Although formally unrelated, the National Opinion Research Center is located on Chicago's campus.


Premise: Where can one find the formerly Huguenot farms in South Africa?

Hypothesis: Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names.


Hypothesis: During his stay at Wartburg, which he referred to as "my Patmos", Luther translated the New Testament from Greek into German and poured out doctrinal and polemical writings.


Premise: What success did Abercrombie gain out of the defeat at Carillon?

Hypothesis: Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe.


Premise: When did Kublai attack Xiangyang?

Hypothesis: Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin.


Premise: What language is used in Chinese secondary schools in Malaysia?

Hypothesis: This caused an uproar among the Chinese and a compromise was achieved in that the schools would instead become "National Type" schools.


Premise: Which famous Indian took a plea and put himself at the mercy of the courts?

Hypothesis: Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court, "I am here to . .


Premise: What was the name of Watt's partner?

Hypothesis: The centrifugal governor was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788 after Watt’s partner Boulton saw one at a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building.


Premise: In the 1965-66 season, what place did ABC find it's self among the other networks in ratings?

Hypothesis: ABC, meanwhile, remained in third place and still needed money to grow itself into a major competitor.


Premise: What does ATP store?

Hypothesis: They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle.


Premise: Who did a pressurized oxygen cabin fire kill?

Hypothesis: The fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew in a launch pad test spread so rapidly because the capsule was pressurized with pure O_2 but at slightly more than atmospheric pressure, instead of the 1⁄3 normal pressure that would be used in a mission.[k]


Premise: When were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?

Hypothesis: Professor Liam Kelley noted that people from Song dynasty China like Zhao Zhong and Xu Zongdao fled to Tran dynasty ruled Vietnam after the Mongol invasion of the Song and they helped the Tran fight against the Mongol invasion.


Premise: What position at ABC did Thomas Murphy stay on for after stepping down as president?

Hypothesis: Now at a strong second place, the network entered the 1990s with additional family-friendly hits including America's Funniest Home Videos (which has gone on to become the longest-running prime time entertainment program in the network's history), Step by Step, Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, Boy Meets World and Perfect Strangers spinoff Family Matters, as well as series such as Doogie Howser, M.D., Life Goes On, cult favorite Twin Peaks and The Commish.


Premise: Who did Disney sell the four newspapers that ABC controlled to?

Hypothesis: Around the time of the merger, Disney's television production units had already produced series for the network such as Home Improvement and Boy Meets World, while the deal also allowed ABC access to Disney's children's programming library for its Saturday morning block.


Premise: How long was Warsaw occupied by Germany?

Hypothesis: Germany did so, and underground leader Piłsudski returned to Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic, with Warsaw the capital.


Premise: As of what year were 10000 horsepower engines available?

Hypothesis: The atmospheric engines of Newcomen and Watt were large compared to the amount of power they produced, but high pressure steam engines were light enough to be applied to vehicles such as traction engines and the railway locomotives.


Premise: Who was one man who joined hands and said "Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee...?"

Hypothesis: On April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church (represented by Bishop Reuben H. Mueller) and The Methodist Church (represented by Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke) joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas.


Premise: What service did Verizon customers need to use to stream the game on their smartphones?

Hypothesis: CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku).


Premise: Against what does reactive oxygen play in plant defense?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms, which were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O_2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event, about a billion years after the first appearance of these organisms.


Premise: Who established the amount of prime numbers in existence?

Hypothesis: The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem, proven at the end of the 19th century, which says that the probability that a given, randomly chosen number n is prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits, or to the logarithm of n.


Premise: What underground railways cover much of Tyne and Wear?

Hypothesis: The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro, a system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear.


Premise: Why do some tribes use remote sensing technology?

Hypothesis: The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests.


Premise: What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?

Hypothesis: Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups.


Premise: This person proposed explanations for the origins of earthquakes and the formation of mountains, what was his name?

Hypothesis: Drawing from Greek and Indian scientific literature that were not destroyed by the Muslim conquests, the Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 981–1037) proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes, and other topics central to modern geology, which provided an essential foundation for the later development of the science.


Premise: What part of chloroplasts isn't similar to mitochondria?

Hypothesis: In addition, in terms of function, the inner chloroplast membrane, which regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials, has no counterpart in the mitochondrion.


Premise: What were X-rays known as at the time?

Hypothesis: In March 1896, after hearing of Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil (the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung or braking radiation).


Premise: How many points did the Panthers defense surrender?

Hypothesis: Behind them, two of the Panthers three starting linebackers were also selected to play in the Pro Bowl:


Premise: In 1735, who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to in America?

Hypothesis: John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected.


Premise: What scale does trade liberalization shift economic inequality from?

Hypothesis: Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from a global to a domestic scale.


Premise: What can the exhaust steam not fully do when the exhaust event is insufficiently long?

Hypothesis: The simplest valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle and often make the engine rotate in only one direction.


Premise: Who played the Master in the 1996 TV movie?

Hypothesis: As with the Doctor, the role has been portrayed by several actors, since the Master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate; the first of these actors was Roger Delgado, who continued in the role until his death in 1973.


Premise: What are cilia used for?

Hypothesis: Ranging from about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) in size, ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia ("hairs") as their main method of locomotion.


Premise: In 2012-13, ABC debuted a comedy Last Man Standing starring who?

Hypothesis: Shark Tank (based on the Dragon's Den reality format) also became a midseason sleeper hit on Sundays in the spring of 2010; the following season, it became the tentpole of the network's Friday night schedule, gradually helping make ABC a strong competitor (after being paired with 20/20 and beginning with the 2012–13 season, the Tim Allen sitcom Last Man Standing) against CBS' long-dominant drama/reality lineup on that night for the first time since the "TGIF" lineup ended in 2000.


Premise: What do radical Islamist organizations reject entirely?

Hypothesis: Radical Islamist organizations like al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and groups such as the Taliban, entirely reject democracy, often declaring as kuffar those Muslims who support it (see takfirism), as well as calling for violent/offensive jihad or urging and conducting attacks on a religious basis.


Premise: In order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds, structural geologists do what with measurements of geological structures?

Hypothesis: They also plot and combine measurements of geological structures in order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation in the area.


Premise: What would a parent have to pay to send their child to a boarding school in 2012?

Hypothesis: As of 2012, quality private schools in the United States charged substantial tuition, close to $40,000 annually for day schools in New York City, and nearly $50,000 for boarding schools.


Premise: In what year was the 40th anniversary of ABC's founding?

Hypothesis: In 1983, for the 40th anniversary of the network's founding, ID sequences had the logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan "That Special Feeling" in a script font.


Premise: What is the boundary between the High and Upper Rhine?

Hypothesis: Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine.


Premise: Of what was the Diet of Worms an assembly?

Hypothesis: This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a town on the Rhine.


Premise: What halftime performer previously headlined Super Bowl XLVIII?

Hypothesis: The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.


Premise: What are alternate English spelling of Genghis?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan, the title is spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, English Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz, Chinese: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéngjísī Hán, Turkic: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn, Russian: Чингисхан (Čingiskhan) or Чингиз-хан (Čingiz-khan), etc.


Premise: How old were some of the oldest rock samples found on the moon?

Hypothesis: They range in age from about 3.2 billion years for the basaltic samples derived from the lunar maria, to about 4.6 billion years for samples derived from the highlands crust.


Premise: In which year was the Salting Bequest made?

Hypothesis: Among the finest examples are the Meissen Vulture from 1731 and the Möllendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great.


Premise: Which caused the reform to never come into force?

Hypothesis: However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force.


Premise: In what year was Wisconsin v. Yoder decided at the Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: Private schooling in the United States has been debated by educators, lawmakers and parents, since the beginnings of compulsory education in Massachusetts in 1852.


Premise: What does a country acquire as it develops?

Hypothesis: As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.


Premise: What type of surveys show the location of stratigraphic units in the subsurface?

Hypothesis: In the laboratory, stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores.


Premise: What is another term for x-ray imaging?

Hypothesis: Tesla held that, with his circuits, the "instrument will ... enable one to generate Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus."


Premise: What government agency supervised Buddhist monks?

Hypothesis: The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire.


Premise: To whom did William Maclure submit the map?

Hypothesis: This antedates William Smith's geological map of England by six years, although it was constructed using a different classification of rocks.


Premise: What chloroplast structure is similar to the inner mitochondria membrane?

Hypothesis: The only chloroplast structure that can considered analogous to it is the internal thylakoid system.


Premise: What special was created for the show's 30th anniversary?

Hypothesis: The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time, using a 3D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect requiring glasses with one darkened lens; the picture would look normal to those viewers who watched without the glasses.


Premise: For which ABC Movie of the Week film did Steven Spielberg first gain success?

Hypothesis: The Movie of the Week broadcast feature-length dramatic films directed by such talented filmmakers as Aaron Spelling, David Wolper and Steven Spielberg (the latter of whom gained early success through the showcase for his 1971 film Duel) that were produced on an average budget of $400,000–$450,000.


Premise: What has the United Nations designed ISIL?

Hypothesis: The group has been designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations, the European Union and member states, the United States, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Syria and other countries.


Premise: What feature of the Amazon made people believe it couldn't have many inhabitants?

Hypothesis: Some 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500, divided between dense coastal settlements, such as that at Marajó, and inland dwellers.


Premise: What did the SNP publicly opine about the oil revenues?

Hypothesis: The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should.


Premise: What soap opera is currently featured in ABC's daytime programming?

Hypothesis: Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays (with a one-hour break at 12:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific for stations to air newscasts, other locally produced programming such as talk shows, or syndicated programs) featuring the talk/lifestyle shows The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital.


Premise: What will maidens be able to predict by floating their wreaths down the Vistula?

Hypothesis: Each Midsummer’s Eve, apart from the official floating of wreaths, jumping over fires, looking for the fern flower, there are musical performances, dignitaries' speeches, fairs and fireworks by the river bank.


Premise: Which network broadcasted Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.


Premise: Who had Toghtogha tried to defeat?

Hypothesis: He had tried to regain Khanbaliq, which eventually failed; he died in Yingchang (located in present-day Inner Mongolia)


Premise: For what size natural number does Bertrand's postulate hold?

Hypothesis: The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2, for any natural number n > 3.


Premise: Where can the Treatise be found?

Hypothesis: Tesla published the document in an attempt to expound on the technical description of a "superweapon that would put an end to all war.


Premise: What was the cost of the other Super Bowl events in the San Francisco area?

Hypothesis: A professional fundraiser will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council to help fund the event.


Premise: Which organization released a California Earthquake forecast?

Hypothesis: The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California.


Premise: The sieve of Eratosthenes would not be valid if what were true?

Hypothesis: A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling 1 a prime, but Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic (mentioned above) would not hold as stated.


Premise: What was Luther's Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences later called?

Hypothesis: Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church, but saw his disputation as a scholarly objection to church practices, and the tone of the writing is accordingly "searching, rather than doctrinaire.


Premise: What did ITV increase their yearly offer for control of the rights to broadcast the Primer League to?

Hypothesis: The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches, while BSkyB paying £304m for the Premier League rights, would give them a monopoly of all live matches, up to 60 per year from the 1992 season.


Premise: Which of Genghis Khan's sons completed the conquest of the Jin dynasty?

Hypothesis: Between 1232 and 1233, Kaifeng fell to the Mongols under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan.


Premise: What resolution were the Eyevision cameras changed to?

Hypothesis: CBS introduced new features during the telecast, including pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360—an array of 36 cameras along the upper deck that can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and "bullet time" effects.


Premise: Where did Tesla go to feed the pigeons daily?

Hypothesis: Tesla spent over $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg.


Premise: What broadcast group is the largest operator of ABC stations?

Hypothesis: The Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total, owning or providing services to 28 ABC affiliates and two additional subchannel-only affiliates; Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size, WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2 in the Birmingham market, which serve as repeaters of WBMA-LD (the largest low-power "Big Four" affiliate by market size, which itself is also simulcast on a subchannel of former WBMA satellite WGWW, owned by Sinclair partner company Howard Stirk Holdings).


Premise: Does BSkyB carry any control over a channels content?

Hypothesis: However, even in this case, BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.


Premise: Where can chloroplasts sometimes be found?

Hypothesis: The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells, though chloroplasts can also be found in collenchyma tissue.


Premise: What type of arts flourished in the Yuan?

Hypothesis: One of the important cultural developments during the Yuan era was the consolidation of poetry, painting, and calligraphy into a unified piece of the type that tends to come to mind when people think of classical Chinese art.


Premise: What is an expression that can be used to illustrate the suspected inequality of complexity classes?

Hypothesis: For instance P ⊆ NP ⊆ PP ⊆ PSPACE, but it is possible that P = PSPACE.


Premise: What is the largest ABC station operator in terms of market reach?


Premise: How many Huguenots emigrated to North America as colonists?

Hypothesis: It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom became intellectuals, doctors and business leaders in Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, and South Africa.


Premise: What were the two Huguenot neighborhoods created in Berlin?

Hypothesis: In Berlin, the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.


Premise: Which female anchor from Today joined Hugh Downs on 20/20?

Hypothesis: In February 1979, ABC sold its recording division to MCA Inc. for $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5 of that year, and all of its 300 employees were laid off (the rights to the works of ABC Records and all of MCA's other labels have since been acquired by Universal Music Group).


Premise: Which MVP died in 2001?

Hypothesis: I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game.


Premise: When was the IPCC Third Assessment Report published?

Hypothesis: The section discussed the divergence problem affecting certain tree ring data.


Premise: Where are some words from the Geordia dialect used?

Hypothesis: Some words used in the Geordie dialect are used elsewhere in the Northern United Kingdom.


Premise: What is the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria called?

Hypothesis: At state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council (the upper house).


Premise: Why did the university eventually leave the conference?

Hypothesis: However, the university chose to withdraw from the conference in 1946 after University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football.


Premise: What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?

Hypothesis: The name Fresno means "ash tree" in Spanish, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.


Premise: What is the seldom used force unit equal to one thousand newtons?

Hypothesis: Other arcane units of force include the sthène, which is equivalent to 1000 N, and the kip, which is equivalent to 1000 lbf.


Premise: How many players have been awarded the Most Valuable Player distinction for the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII, who died in 2001.


Premise: What direction do ctenophore swim?

Hypothesis: These normally beat so that the propulsion stroke is away from the mouth, although they can also reverse direction.


Premise: Where was the  Continental Edison Company located?

Hypothesis: In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side.


Premise: What does FOTA stand for?

Hypothesis: The university also annually holds a summer carnival and concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932 that screens films nightly at the university.


Premise: Name two series that have been reboots rather than plot continuations.

Hypothesis: This is similar to the 1988 continuation of Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman[citation needed]) or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time period and with different characters (for example, Star Trek:


Premise: What does the Scotland Act of 2012 extend?

Hypothesis: However, under the terms of the Scotland Act, Westminster agreed to devolve some of its responsibilities over Scottish domestic policy to the Scottish Parliament.


Premise: Who wrote "Walking in Fresno?"

Hypothesis: Aken also made his first TV appearance playing guitar on the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn.


Premise: How many yards did the Carolina Panthers gain in the 487 in the NFC Championship Game?

Hypothesis: The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.


Premise: When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?

Hypothesis: It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock."


Premise: Why was Tetzel seeking money in Germany?

Hypothesis: The benefits of good works could be obtained by donating money to the church.


Premise: What was the newer county added to the list?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the Times added a newer county—Imperial—to that list.


Premise: Who did play-by-play on Westwood One?

Hypothesis: Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.


Premise: What type of group is The Islamic State?

Hypothesis: In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide.


Premise: When was Mueller announced and appointed as Deputy Associate Administrator?

Hypothesis: Webb then worked with Associate Administrator (later Deputy Administrator)


Premise: What action by Luther added to antisemitism in Germany?

Hypothesis: According to Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther.


Premise: What was used to sod the Levi's Stadium for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Concerns were raised over whether Levi's Stadium's field was of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl; during the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal, although the field has not had any major issues since.


Premise: What yard line was a gold color for all teams during the season?

Hypothesis: Various gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"; gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos.


Premise: What is the most common Xanthophyll?

Hypothesis: Many other forms of carotenoids exist that are only found in certain groups of chloroplasts.


Premise: Why did Tesla sever ties with his family?

Hypothesis: In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school.


Premise: What health issue did Tesla suffer?


Premise: What is the number of plant species in economics and social interest?

Hypothesis: To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued.


Premise: What was the containment failure rate in a tobacco plant study using plastid transformation?

Hypothesis: This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants that are biologically contained, thus posing significantly lower environmental risks.


Premise: Bacteria often secrete what kind of proteins to ingest a physical barrier?

Hypothesis: Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting enzymes that digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system.


Premise: Where did the Grand Canal start?

Hypothesis: Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north.


Premise: What bus company in Newcastle provides the majority of services south of the river?

Hypothesis: Stagecoach is the primary operator in the city proper, with cross-city services mainly between both the West and East ends via the city centre with some services extending out to the MetroCentre, Killingworth, Wallsend and Ponteland.


Premise: When did a plague-ridden ship land in Norway?

Hypothesis: The plague was somewhat less common in parts of Europe that had smaller trade relations with their neighbours, including the Kingdom of Poland, the majority of the Basque Country, isolated parts of Belgium and the Netherlands, and isolated alpine villages throughout the continent.


Premise: What entity enforces the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?

Hypothesis: Therefore, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of European Union law, codifying the fundamental rights which were previously considered general principles of European Union law.


Premise: What does isobaric mean?

Hypothesis: The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle because, when an efficient turbine is used, the TS diagram begins to resemble the Carnot cycle.


Premise: When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities gain federal approval?

Hypothesis: The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985.


Premise: What was the catalyst that created greater interest in renewable resources?

Hypothesis: The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels.


Premise: What did Polo call the Yuan capital?

Hypothesis: Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts due to the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China, tea houses, which would have been a prominent sight since Europeans had yet to adopt a tea culture, as well the practice of foot binding by the women in capital of the Great Khan.


Hypothesis: In effect, after the Lisbon Treaty, the Charter and the Convention now co-exist under European Union law, though the former is enforced by the European Court of Justice in relation to European Union measures, and the latter by the European Court of Human Rights in relation to measures by member states.


Premise: How many refugees emigrated to the Dutch Republic?

Hypothesis: After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people.


Premise: In contrast how were Catholic saints portrayed?

Hypothesis: In contrast to images of frail Catholic saints, Luther was presented as a stout man with a "double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck.


Premise: Intractable problems lacking polynomial time solutions necessarily negate the practical efficacy of what type of algorithm?

Hypothesis: In complexity theory, problems that lack polynomial-time solutions are considered to be intractable for more than the smallest inputs.


Premise: What does the Fermat primality test depend upon?

Hypothesis: If we have a number b that we want to test for primality, then we work out nb


Premise: how many yards did Newton get for passes in the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton had one of his best seasons, throwing for 3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions, and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4.


Premise: What is the land area of Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 874.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States; of this, 86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34% (116.7 sq mi or 302 km2) is water.


Premise: What encouraged trade under the Yuan?

Hypothesis: It had significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia until its decline; the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate, encouraged this development.


Premise: What year did Tesla enroll at an engineering school?

Hypothesis: In 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship.


Premise: Whose chandelier grace the rotunda at the V&A's main entrance?

Hypothesis: One of the most spectacular items in the collection is the chandelier by Dale Chihuly in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance.


Premise: Who was named the president of ABC News in 1977?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Roone Arledge was named president of the new ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports.


Premise: Who did Wesley appoint as bishop in 1784?

Hypothesis: Together with Coke, Wesley sent a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784, officially establishing the Methodist Episcopal Church.


Premise: What happened to the crew onboard during the plugs-out test?

Hypothesis: The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems.


Premise: How are cyanobacteria sometimes wrongly described?

Hypothesis: They are a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis, and are gram-negative, meaning that they have two cell membranes.


Premise: ABC bought 20 acres of land in Hollwood in 1949 that would become what studio?

Hypothesis: ABC's other owned-and-operated stations launched over the course of the next 13 months: WENR-TV in Chicago signed on the air on September 17, while WXYZ-TV in Detroit went on the air on October 9, 1948.


Premise: What would a parent have to pay to send their child to a boarding school in 2012?

Hypothesis: Boarding schools with a reputation for quality in the United States have a student body drawn from throughout the country, indeed the globe, and a list of applicants which far exceeds their capacity.


Premise: What followed the late local programming after Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden.


Premise: The epidemic in Newcastle was the most what in any British city at the time?

Hypothesis: Specifically within the year 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic; this may also have been the most devastating loss in any British City in this period.


Premise: How was it suggested that the IPCC avoid political problems?

Hypothesis: Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference.


Premise: What effect did the plague have on the Middle East?

Hypothesis: The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures.


Premise: How many people in Quzhou are descended from Confucius?

Hypothesis: The southern branch still remained in Quzhou where they lived to this day.


Premise: Which mobile service were Verizon customers able to watch Super Bowl 50 on their phones?

Hypothesis: Due to Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service.


Premise: What was the first international event broadcast by ABC?

Hypothesis: Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953; CBS and NBC were unable to cover the coronation live due to respective issues with technical problems and flight delays.


Premise: In 1785 James Hutton presented what paper to the Royal Society of Edinburgh?

Hypothesis: James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist.


Premise: Which species moves by a darting motion?

Hypothesis: Cestids can swim by undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows.


Premise: In what year did Priestley publish the findings of his experiments?

Hypothesis: Because he published his findings first, Priestley is usually given priority in the discovery.


Premise: How wide is the Rhine in Germany?

Hypothesis: Between Emmerich and Cleves the Emmerich Rhine Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Germany, crosses the 400 m wide river.


Premise: Who led the Panthers in sacks?

Hypothesis: The Panthers line also featured veteran defensive end Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136, along with defensive end Kony Ealy, who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts.


Premise: How much money was spent on other festivities in the Bay area to help celebrate the coming Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: In addition, there are $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center, a beer, wine and food festival at Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University, and a pep rally.


Premise: What did Luther's opponents think that it meant about God's presence?

Hypothesis: Luther insisted on the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine, which he called the sacramental union, while his opponents believed God to be only spiritually or symbolically present.


Premise: When did the term imperialism first come to be used by its current definition?

Hypothesis: Such writers have expanded the time period associated with the term so that it now designates neither a policy, nor a short space of decades in the late 19th century, but a world system extending over a period of centuries, often going back to Christopher Columbus and, in some accounts, to the Crusades.


Premise: Who was an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?

Hypothesis: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan.


Premise: What system was adopted for education?

Hypothesis: Between 1964 and 1985, the 7–4–2–3 system was adopted – seven years of primary, four years of lower secondary, two years of upper secondary, and three years of university.


Premise: What year did Doctor Who win a Peabody award?

Hypothesis: The programme is listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world, the "most successful" science fiction series of all time—based on its over-all broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales, and iTunes traffic— and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special.


Premise: What is the name of the donor who helped establish the Hutchinson Commons?

Hypothesis: The original physical campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall, and matched Marshall Field's pledge of $100,000.


Premise: Where is Brazil ranked globally in soybean production?

Hypothesis: Currently, Brazil is the second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States.


Premise: What are the secondary sources of primary law?

Hypothesis: The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law.


Premise: What is the only district in the CBD to not have "downtown" in it's name?

Hypothesis: Southern California is home to many major business districts.


Premise: What do a number of researchers think a shortage of is caused in part by income inequality?

Hypothesis: The ad valorem property tax policy combined with rising prices made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace.


Premise: What was Kublai Khan's relation to Genghis Khan?

Hypothesis: While Genghis Khan never conquered all of China, his grandson Kublai Khan completed that conquest and established the Yuan dynasty that is often credited with re-uniting China.


Premise: What might cause a higher student interest in learning the presented subject?

Hypothesis: The concept of mere exposure indicates that the teacher's enthusiasm may contribute to the student's expectations about intrinsic motivation in the context of learning.


Premise: When did Torchwood premier?

Hypothesis: The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006.


Premise: What district of Warsaw chose the President between 1994 and 1999?

Hypothesis: Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council.


Premise: Who is the trophy featured on the logo named for?

Hypothesis: Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, explained that a primary reason for the change was the difficulty of designing an aesthetically pleasing logo with the letter "L" using the standardized logo template introduced at Super Bowl XLV.


Premise: What has successfully dealt with ozone depletion?

Hypothesis: In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol failed.


Premise: What is the name of the current King of Thebes in the play?

Hypothesis: She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.


Premise: Which of ABC's main production facilities is located in Hollywood, CA?

Hypothesis: Since the 1950s, ABC has had two main production facilities: the ABC Television Center (now The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue in Hollywood, California, shared with the operations of KABC-TV until 1999; and the ABC Television Center, East, a set of studios located throughout the New York City.


Premise: Who painted the retable of St. George that is in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: Also on loan to the museum, from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II, are the Raphael Cartoons: the seven surviving (there were ten) full scale designs for tapestries in the Sistine Chapel, of the lives of Peter and Paul from the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles.


Premise: Le grand asks for a variance of what three terms?

Hypothesis: He encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.


Premise: What writing inspired the name Great Yuan?

Hypothesis: zai Qián Yuán / "Great is Qián, the Primal") in the Commentaries on the Classic of Changes (I Ching) section regarding Qián (乾).


Premise: What types of health outcomes do pharmacists aim for with their patients?

Hypothesis: Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines.


Premise: What is the typical annual cost for an Irish private school?

Hypothesis: There is, however, a limited element of state assessment of private schools, because of the requirement that the state ensure that children receive a certain minimum education; Irish private schools must still work towards the Junior Certificate and the Leaving Certificate, for example.


Premise: On what day does the Super Bowl media day traditionally take place?

Hypothesis: Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge.


Premise: What countries are the Doctor Who DVDs available to purchase?

Hypothesis: A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States.


Premise: What is another term for Tesla's visualization ability?

Hypothesis: Just by hearing the name of an item, he would be able to envision it in realistic detail.:33 Tesla would visualize an invention in his mind with extreme precision, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage, a technique sometimes known as picture thinking.


Premise: What was Kenneth Swezey's job?

Hypothesis: Swezey recalled one morning when Tesla called him at 3 a.m.: "I was sleeping in my room like one dead ...


Premise: Where do Apicomplexans store energy?

Hypothesis: They were once thought to be related to the helicosproidia, but it is now known that the helicosproida are green algae rather than chromalveolates.


Premise: What year was the latest addition to the Church of St. Andrew?

Hypothesis: The present building was begun in the 12th Century and the last addition to it, apart from the vestries, was the main porch in 1726.


Premise: When was Dali conquered by the Yuan?

Hypothesis: Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan.


Premise: What kind of techniques were used to create the theme?

Hypothesis: The various parts were built up using musique concrète techniques, by creating tape loops of an individually struck piano string and individual test oscillators and filters.


Premise: What's the name of the United Kingdom's sole remaining news cinema?

Hypothesis: The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008; during the refurbishment works, the cinema relocated to the Old Town Hall, Gateshead.


Premise: What gave Priestley the claim to being the first discovered of oxygen?

Hypothesis: Oxygen was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first.


Premise: In what year did Harvard President Joseph Willard die?

Hypothesis: When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, a struggle broke out over their replacements.


Premise: What do Beriods use as teeth?

Hypothesis: In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day.


Premise: What food bacteria is an example of intracellular pathogenesis?

Hypothesis: An evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system is to hide within the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis).


Premise: When did Temur rule?

Hypothesis: Thus, Zhenjin's third son, with the support of his mother Kökejin and the minister Bayan, succeeded the throne and ruled as Temür Khan, or Emperor Chengzong, from 1294 to 1307.


Premise: What is the main gap to continued urbanization?

Hypothesis: The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire.


Premise: When were most of the places of religious worship destroyed in Warsaw?

Hypothesis: Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.


Premise: What would a community member need to teach informally?

Hypothesis: In some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling.


Premise: What other activities does the UNFCCC require the IPCC to run?

Hypothesis: The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council resolutions and decisions as well as on actions in support of the UNFCCC process.


Premise: When was it discovered that prime numbers could applied to the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?

Hypothesis: However, this vision was shattered in the 1970s, when it was publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms.


Premise: What form of death did Jamukha hope Temüjin would allow him?

Hypothesis: The custom is to die without spilling blood, which is granted by breaking the back.


Premise: Classification of resources is contingent on determining the upper and lower bounds of minimum time required by what?

Hypothesis: To show a lower bound of T(n) for a problem requires showing that no algorithm can have time complexity lower than T(n).


Premise: What is the balance for positive reinforcement?

Hypothesis: Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.


Premise: Construction takes place on location for who?

Hypothesis: Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.


Premise: When did the Chinese famine begin?

Hypothesis: Nestorian graves dating to 1338–39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India.


Premise: How could human inequality be addressed without resulting in an increase of environmental damage?

Hypothesis: The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation.


Premise: What was the name of the 1991 Doctor Who exhibition?

Hypothesis: A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill "at the center of many people's relationship with the show", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the "scariest TV show of all time".


Premise: How are 'un-aided' schools different from 'aided' schools?

Hypothesis: The private 'un-aided' schools are fully funded by private parties.


Premise: What is septicemia?

Hypothesis: Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague similar to Ebola.


Premise: In the United States, what is a usual turbine speed with 60 Hertz of power?

Hypothesis: Typical speeds are 3600 revolutions per minute (RPM) in the USA with 60 Hertz power, 3000 RPM in Europe and other countries with 50 Hertz electric power systems.


Premise: The silver and gold collection of the V&A is divided into which categories?

Hypothesis: The main silver gallery is divided into these areas:


Premise: Rock units become thicker and shorten when placed under this type of compression.

Hypothesis: When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker.


Premise: What has been analyzed to compare Amazon rainfall in the past and present?

Hypothesis: This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.


Premise: When does rain typically fall in Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: Due to Jacksonville's low latitude and coastal location, the city sees very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny.


Premise: Who were two of the founders of the United Methodist Church?

Hypothesis: Outler's work proved pivotal in the work of union, and he is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian.


Premise: What disease did Tesla catch?

Hypothesis: Tesla's father, in a moment of despair, promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).


Premise: What parts of a conventional reciprocating steam engine could be replaced by a pistonless rotary engine?

Hypothesis: The major problem is the difficulty of sealing the rotors to make them steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion; the resulting leakage made them very inefficient.


Premise: How many times was Cam Newton sacked?

Hypothesis: The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed.


Premise: Within the 30 days how many digiboxes had been sold?

Hypothesis: Within 30 days, over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold, which help bolstered BSkyB's decision to give away free digiboxes and minidishes from May 1999.


Premise: Who presented the Edict of Worms declaring Luther to be an outlaw?

Hypothesis: " It also made it a crime for anyone in Germany to give Luther food or shelter.


Premise: Inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has what kind of effect on human capital formation?

Hypothesis: In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development.


Premise: What was the name of the Tangut capital?

Hypothesis: In 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province in quick succession in the spring.


Premise: What is the Norman architecture idiom?

Hypothesis: They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy, and the encastellation of these regions with keeps in their north French style fundamentally altered the military landscape.


Premise: Who sculpted the representations of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria found in the main entrance?

Hypothesis: The interior makes much use of marble in the entrance hall and flanking staircases, although the galleries as originally designed were white with restrained classical detail and mouldings, very much in contrast to the elaborate decoration of the Victorian galleries, although much of this decoration was removed in the early 20th century.


Premise: What spacecraft did the Soviets use to send animals to space and around the moon's orbit?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5, and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts.


Premise: How many of the Mau Mau did Home Gaurd kill?

Hypothesis: The most important of these was the Swynnerton Plan, which was used to both reward loyalists and punish Mau Mau.


Premise: What is another piece created by Olivier Messiaen?

Hypothesis: The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena".


Premise: What resolution were the cameras increased to for the game?

Hypothesis: CBS introduced new features during the telecast, including pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360—an array of 36 cameras along the upper deck that can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and "bullet time" effects.


Premise: What has the infrastructure done a lot of over the past years?

Hypothesis: The infrastructure has developed a lot over the past years.


Premise: In Antigone, who was the target of civil disobedience?

Hypothesis: She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.


Premise: Who do Priesthood representatives defer to, at times?

Hypothesis: The role of "spiritual teacher" may be filled by many individuals in the LDS Church, often a trusted friend, who may hold any office, from Elder to Bishop, or no office at all.


Premise: When was the first direct elections for native Kenyans?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom ceded sovereignty over the Colony of Kenya and, under an agreement dated 8 October 1963, the Sultan of Zanzibar agreed that simultaneous with independence for the Colony of Kenya, the Sultan would cease to have sovereignty over the Protectorate of Kenya so that all of Kenya would be one sovereign, independent state.


Premise: What use was suggested for the system

Hypothesis: He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK.


Premise: What part do events in Victoria's economy  play?

Hypothesis: Most of these events are centred on Melbourne, but others occur in regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Phillip Island, the Grand Annual Steeplechase at Warrnambool and the Australian International Airshow at Geelong and numerous local festivals such as the popular Port Fairy Folk Festival, Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival.


Premise: Cells of the site of an infection in a plant undergo what process to prevent spread of the disease?

Hypothesis: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent.


Premise: Who won the battle near the Helan mountains?

Hypothesis: One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but was defeated.


Premise: How can pyrenoids replicate?

Hypothesis: Starch can also accumulate around the pyrenoids when CO2 is scarce.


Premise: How does most plants' cpDNA replicate?

Hypothesis: Because of the failure to explain the deamination gradient as well as the numerous plant species that have been shown to have circular cpDNA, the predominant theory continues to hold that most cpDNA is circular and most likely replicates via a D loop mechanism.


Premise: Dendritic cells present antigens to what cells of the adaptive nervous system?

Hypothesis: They are named for their resemblance to neuronal dendrites, as both have many spine-like projections, but dendritic cells are in no way connected to the nervous system.


Premise: When were the Normans in Normandy?

Hypothesis: The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.