Premise: In what venue did Super Bowl XIX take place?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: Full size working engines on what vehicles sometimes use oscillating cylinder steam engines?

Hypothesis: These engines are mainly used in toys and models, because of their simplicity, but have also been used in full size working engines, mainly on ships where their compactness is valued.[citation needed]


Premise: How much Victorian farmland is farmed in grains?

Hypothesis: More than 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi) of Victorian farmland are sown for grain, mostly in the state's west.


Premise: Who did Tesla call in the middle of the night?

Hypothesis: On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey, a journalist whom Tesla had befriended, confirmed that Tesla rarely slept.


Premise: After its re-opening, which types of movies did the Tower Theatre show?

Hypothesis: Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre.


Premise: Where was the ball recovered?

Hypothesis: There would be no more scoring in the third quarter, but early in the fourth, the Broncos drove to the Panthers 41-yard line.


Premise: The National Art Library at the V&A is known by what other name?

Hypothesis: The National Art Library (also called Word and Image Department) at the Victoria and Albert Museum collection catalog used to be kept in different formats including printed exhibit catalogs, and card catalogs.


Premise: What is the Scottish Parliament currently in the fourth of?

Hypothesis: Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament.


Premise: Who was first appointed at the anchor of 20/20?

Hypothesis: In June 1978, Arledge created the newsmagazine 20/20; after its first episode received harshly negative reviews, the program – which debuted as a summer series, before becoming a year-round program in 1979 – was immediately revamped to feature a mix of in-depth stories and interviews, with Hugh Downs appointed as its anchor (later paired alongside his former Today colleague Barbara Walters).


Premise: Who was ABC Great States sold to in 1974?

Hypothesis: On January 17, 1972, Elton Rule was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC a few months after Goldenson reduced his role in the company after suffering a heart attack.


Premise: Where did Kublai build his administration's strength?

Hypothesis: He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south.


Premise: How much has global mean surface air temperature changed in the last century?

Hypothesis: They predict that under a "business as usual" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century.


Premise: Which Pope sought to undermine Luther's theories?

Hypothesis: There, in October 1518, under questioning by papal legate Cardinal Cajetan Luther stated that he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church because historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy concluded that the papacy was the Antichrist.


Premise: What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?

Hypothesis: The Annual Conference, roughly the equivalent of a diocese in the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church or a synod in some Lutheran denominations such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, is the basic unit of organization within the UMC.


Premise: What seldom mutates?

Hypothesis: It is possible that the inverted repeats help stabilize the rest of the chloroplast genome, as chloroplast DNAs which have lost some of the inverted repeat segments tend to get rearranged more.


Premise: What kind of fiction is Tesla's work featured in?

Hypothesis: The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.


Premise: Ediacaran eoandromeda can be regarded to represent what?

Hypothesis: They also appear to have had internal organ-like structures unlike anything found in living ctenophores.


Premise: When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?

Hypothesis: At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally.


Premise: In what year was the agreement to allow the Saarland settlement reached?

Hypothesis: The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region.


Premise: Who was responsible for the new building projects in Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war.


Premise: What consist of one ore more Annual Conferences?

Hypothesis: Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas, which consist of one or more Annual Conferences.


Premise: In what way do idea strings transmit tesion forces?

Hypothesis: However, even though such machines allow for an increase in force, there is a corresponding increase in the length of string that must be displaced in order to move the load.


Premise: What company has been hosted at the Theatre Royal for over 25 years?

Hypothesis: It has hosted a season of performances from the Royal Shakespeare Company for over 25 years, as well as touring productions of West End musicals.


Premise: Which area of China did Japan conquer in 1931?

Hypothesis: In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China.


Premise: When have Lutheran Churches repudiated Luther's statements about the Jews?

Hypothesis: .'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15–65 found that, compared to the other minority groups under consideration, Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews.


Premise: What mainline station is to the east of the city center?

Hypothesis: The city's other mainline station, Manors, is to the east of the city centre.


Premise: Where did France win a war in the 1950's

Hypothesis: France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s.


Premise: Who patented a steam engine in 1781?

Hypothesis: In 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion.


Premise: What are the molecular inputs for photosynthesis?

Hypothesis: Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O2) is made, using light energy.


Premise: Humans in tropical environments were considered what?

Hypothesis: For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as "less civilized" therefore justifying colonial control as a civilizing mission.


Premise: What is the delta in the Rhine delimited in the west by?

Hypothesis: The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section.


Premise: How many visitors did the Britain Can Make It exhibition attract?

Hypothesis: Before the return of the collections after the war, the Britain Can Make It exhibition was held between September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors.


Premise: On which date was Genghis Khan's palace rediscovered by archeaologists?

Hypothesis: On October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia, which raises the possibility of actually locating the ruler's long-lost burial site.


Premise: Who was the ally of his father that Genghis Khan fell out as time passed?

Hypothesis: He was also ruthless, demonstrated by his tactic of measuring against the linchpin, used against the tribes led by Jamukha.


Premise: What are white blood cells known as?

Hypothesis: Leukocytes (white blood cells) act like independent, single-celled organisms and are the second arm of the innate immune system.


Premise: A statement made by Chris Keates caused issues with whom?

Hypothesis: Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers, said that teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on the sex offenders register and that prosecution for statutory rape "is a real anomaly in the law that we are concerned about.


Premise: Which architect, famous for the India Gate in New Delhi, is represented in the RIBA collection?

Hypothesis: Not only are all the major British architects of the last four hundred years represented, but many European (especially Italian) and American architects' drawings are held in the collection.


Premise: What did Low suggest using Apollo 8 for instead of simply orbiting the Earth's surface?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5, and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts.


Premise: What type of topological systems are found in numbers in Victoria?

Hypothesis: Most notable is the Murray River system.


Premise: When were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?

Hypothesis: The Tran dynasty which ruled Annam (Dai Viet) crushed and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288).


Premise: What effort was Luther not particularly in favor of?

Hypothesis: For I acknowledge none of them to be really a book of mine, except perhaps the Bondage of the Will and the Catechism."


Premise: What were chao made out of?

Hypothesis: Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees.


Premise: Gamma delta T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce what?

Hypothesis: On one hand, γδ T cells are a component of adaptive immunity as they rearrange TCR genes to produce receptor diversity and can also develop a memory phenotype.


Premise: What is CSNET

Hypothesis: The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981.


Premise: Who licensed Tesla's induction motor?

Hypothesis: His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant.


Premise: What satellite enabled Sky Digital to launch an all new digital service?

Hypothesis: E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1 (now Eutelsat 33C) at 28.5°E), enabled the company to launch a new all-digital service, Sky, with the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channels.


Premise: What trend increases the organic composition of capital over the long term?

Hypothesis: In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits.


Premise: Families with French names in South Africa speak what language today?

Hypothesis: Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names.


Premise: How long ago did primates inhabit Kenya?

Hypothesis: Fossils found in Kenya suggest that primates roamed the area more than 20 million years ago.


Premise: What was the name of the Media Day event for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: When did ABC begin airing Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?

Hypothesis: Since 1974, ABC has generally aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve (hosted first by its creator Dick Clark, and later by his successor Ryan Seacrest); the only exception was in 1999, when ABC put it on a one-year hiatus to provide coverage of the international millennium festivities, though Clark's traditional countdown from Times Square was still featured within the coverage.


Premise: When was the new constitution promulgated?

Hypothesis: As of that day, the new constitution heralding the Second Republic came into force.


Premise: How many Huguenots were killed during this purge?

Hypothesis: The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France.


Premise: What is the name of the scheme that provides tuition and fee assistance to students due to excess enrollment?

Hypothesis: The Education Service Contracting scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows.


Premise: Changes in rainfall reduced what kind of vegetation cover in the Amazon basin?

Hypothesis: Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin.


Premise: What shape are granal thylakoids?

Hypothesis: In the helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes.


Premise: What is the largest city in all of California?

Hypothesis: Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people), both in southern California, are the two largest cities in all of California (and two of the eight largest cities in the United States).


Premise: How large are Cytoplasmic ribosomes?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes, which they use to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins.


Premise: Which findings suggested that the region was densely populated?

Hypothesis: For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil.


Premise: What were the first two destinations of Huguenot emigres?

Hypothesis: The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation needed]


Premise: Why did Tesla begin investigating invisible energy?

Hypothesis: Tesla is quoted by The New York Times as saying, "I am in too much grief to talk.


Premise: What monastery did the Saint-Evroul monks establish in Italy?

Hypothesis: At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy.


Premise: Between what dates was the building on Pilgrim Street refurbished?

Hypothesis: The site currently houses three cinemas, including the restored Classic —the United Kingdom's last surviving news cinema still in full-time operation—alongside two new screens, a roof extension containing the Tyneside Bar, and dedicated education and teaching suites.


Premise: When did a Charlie Brown Christmas debut?

Hypothesis: Since 2000, ABC has also owned the television rights to most of the Peanuts television specials, having acquired the broadcast rights from CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas (other Peanuts specials broadcast annually by ABC, including A Charlie Brown Christmas, include It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving).


Premise: Where was the Rhine regulated with a lower canal?

Hypothesis: A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.


Premise: Who are debates and meetings open to?

Hypothesis: Proceedings are also recorded in text form, in print and online, in the Official Report, which is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates.


Premise: How was the population of mnemiopsis in The black Sea and the Sea of Azov brought under control?

Hypothesis: Mnemiopsis populations in those areas were eventually brought under control by the accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata, and by a cooling of the local climate from 1991 to 1993, which significantly slowed the animal's metabolism.


Premise: By what main attribute are computational problems classified utilizing computational complexity theory?

Hypothesis: Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other.


Premise: What was the Yuan's paper money called?

Hypothesis: The Yuan minister Bolad was sent to Iran, where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu.


Premise: What is the name of the first Doctor Who serial?

Hypothesis: In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield doubts the Doctor can remember his family because of, "being so ancient", the Doctor says that he can when he really wants to—"The rest of the time they sleep in my mind".


Premise: What is the system by which prokaryotes retain phage gene fragments that they have previously come in contact with?

Hypothesis: Immune systems appear even in the structurally most simple forms of life, with bacteria using a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens, called bacteriophages.


Premise: When did Tugh Temur die?

Hypothesis: After El Temür's death, Bayan became as powerful an official as El Temür had been in the beginning of his long reign.


Premise: Genghis Khan was in the process of taking what capital city when he died?

Hypothesis: According to The Secret History of the Mongols Genghis Khan fell from his horse while hunting and died because of the injury.


Premise: Are there any other aviation communities such as Sierra Sky Park in the United States?

Hypothesis: Formed in 1946, Sierra Sky Park Airport is a residential airport community born of a unique agreement in transportation law to allow personal aircraft and automobiles to share certain roads.


Premise: Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked?

Hypothesis: Before the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked, either by the utilities themselves or through a company specializing in such services.


Premise: What is the name of another algorithm useful for conveniently testing the primality of large numbers?

Hypothesis: These include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small probability of error, and the AKS primality test, which always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical.


Premise: When did embankment of the major Rhine distributaries take palce?

Hypothesis: Thereafter, canals were dug, bends were short cut and groynes were built, to prevent the river's channels from migrating or silting up.


Premise: What persons were not allowed to settle in New France?

Hypothesis: The kingdom did not fully recover for years.


Premise: How much of Paris' population was killed by the plague?

Hypothesis: In 1348, the plague spread so rapidly that before any physicians or government authorities had time to reflect upon its origins, about a third of the European population had already perished.


Premise: What function do compounds like phenol and acetone serve in the manufacture of many other substances?

Hypothesis: Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.


Premise: Statues of British artists adorn which part of the tower above the main entrance?

Hypothesis: The main windows to the galleries are also mullioned and transomed, again a Gothic feature, the top row of windows are interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum.


Premise: Which Doctor Who-related song reached Number One in the UK?

Hypothesis: In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind, which reached number 24 in the UK charts.


Premise: When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?

Hypothesis: The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) proclaimed an oil embargo.


Premise: What yard line was a gold color for all teams during the season?

Hypothesis: Gold footballs were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl, and "homecoming" events were also held by Super Bowl-winning teams at games.


Premise: Who was the new elector of Saxony?

Hypothesis: He worked closely with the new elector, John the Steadfast, to whom he turned for secular leadership and funds on behalf of a church largely shorn of its assets and income after the break with Rome.


Premise: Which descendant of Genghis Khan is remembered as having reunified China?

Hypothesis: While Genghis Khan never conquered all of China, his grandson Kublai Khan completed that conquest and established the Yuan dynasty that is often credited with re-uniting China.


Premise: What was the goal of this Roman disobedience?

Hypothesis: The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed].


Premise: Other than the Automobile Club of Southern California, what other AAA Auto Club chose to simplify the divide?

Hypothesis: Another influence is the geographical phrase South of the Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range, but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region due to their remoteness from the central valley and interior desert landscape.


Premise: Which sculpture by Rodin was not donated by the artist?

Hypothesis: Rodin is represented by more than 20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France; these were given to the museum by the sculptor in 1914, as acknowledgement of Britain's support of France in World War I, although the statue of St John the Baptist had been purchased in 1902 by public subscription.


Premise: What voyager said that Mombasa was a great harbour and moored small crafts and great ships?

Hypothesis: The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states, as well as commercial centres in Persia, Arabia, and even India.


Premise: What was Luther's marriage seen as by others?

Hypothesis: Some priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage.


Premise: What Columbia President went to Harvard?

Hypothesis: Abdiweli Mohamed Ali; U.S. Ambassador to the European Union Anthony Luzzatto Gardner.


Premise: What types of European groups were able to avoid the plague?

Hypothesis: It was introduced in Norway in 1349 when a ship landed at Askøy, then spread to Bjørgvin (modern Bergen) and Iceland.


Premise: After asking if the books were his, what else did Eck ask Luther?

Hypothesis: Luther confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question.


Premise: What did Gasquet's book blame the plague on?

Hypothesis: The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that "it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague".


Premise: What kind of membrane do primary chloroplasts have?

Hypothesis: While primary chloroplasts have a double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two, as a result of the secondary endosymbiotic event, when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga but failed to digest it—much like the cyanobacterium at the beginning of this story.


Premise: In what year did Tesla's family move to Gospic?

Hypothesis: In 1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospić, Austrian Empire, where Tesla's father worked as a pastor.


Premise: When was Warsaw completely razed to the ground by bombing raids?

Hypothesis: After liberation, rebuilding began as in other cities of the communist-ruled PRL.


Premise: What workshop helped with the creation of the Doctor Who theme?

Hypothesis: The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, with assistance from Dick Mills.


Premise: When were the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules repealed?

Hypothesis: That same year, Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment; it also signed an agreement with Time Warner Cable to carry its owned-and-operated television stations on the provider's systems in ABC O&O markets.


Premise: What was Henry IV known as before taking the throne?

Hypothesis: The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism, issued the Edict of Nantes.


Premise: What does the word prime generally suggest?

Hypothesis: Generally, "prime" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense.


Premise: What is the key accomplishment of Genghis Khan that modern Mongolians celebrate?

Hypothesis: He is looked upon positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes.


Premise: What is cpDNA's replication similar to?

Hypothesis: One of competing model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4.


Premise: How many tiers are in the Australian form of learning?

Hypothesis: Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE colleges).


Premise: Who holds an annual International Arts Fair in Newcastle?

Hypothesis: In October, there is the Design Event festival—an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers.


Premise: How many invertebrate species are known in Brazil alone?

Hypothesis: One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams.


Premise: What was started after these new programs were in place?

Hypothesis: For example, the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission initiated community dialogues, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya started peace meetings and the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation process was started.


Premise: What is the main reason consulting pharmacists are increasingly working directly with patients?

Hypothesis: Traditionally consultant pharmacists were usually independent business owners, though in the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies (primarily Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica).


Premise: What was the end of the War of the Austrian Succession?

Hypothesis: The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve, but it reached no decision.


Premise: What did Luther tell the legate about the papacy?

Hypothesis: There, in October 1518, under questioning by papal legate Cardinal Cajetan Luther stated that he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church because historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy concluded that the papacy was the Antichrist.


Premise: Prior to Super Bowl 50, when were the Carolina Panthers last there?

Hypothesis: Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.


Premise: What percentage of German students attended private schools in 2008?

Hypothesis: Percent of students in private high schools reached 11.1%.


Premise: What caused the separation of the Methodists in the American colonies?

Hypothesis: Together with Coke, Wesley sent a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784, officially establishing the Methodist Episcopal Church.


Premise: Where is the highest point of the Rhine basin?

Hypothesis: The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn, the highest point of the Rhine basin.


Premise: In what part of the United States did many students migrate to Christian academies during the desegregation period?

Hypothesis: In much of the U.S. South, many white students migrated to the academies, while public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi).


Premise: How many broadcast television partners does the NFL have?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the game was televised by CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.


Premise: Who did the Han Chinese want to help the Mongols fight?

Hypothesis: Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin.


Premise: What is the Scottish Parliament currently in the fourth of?

Hypothesis: The current Subject Committees in the fourth Session are: Economy, Energy and Tourism; Education and Culture; Health and Sport; Justice; Local Government and Regeneration; Rural Affairs, Climate Change and Environment; Welfare Reform; and Infrastructure and Capital Investment.


Premise: Under which courts is most EU law applied?

Hypothesis: In fact, most EU law is applied by member state courts (the English Court of Appeal, the German Bundesgerichtshof, the Belgian Cour du travail, etc.)


Premise: When was liquid oxygen developed for commercial use?

Hypothesis: Both men lowered the temperature of air until it liquefied and then distilled the component gases by boiling them off one at a time and capturing them.


Premise: Which empire bordered the Mongol Empire to the west in 1218?

Hypothesis: By 1218, as a result of defeat of Qara Khitai, the Mongol Empire and its control extended as far west as Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea to the west and Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea to the south.


Premise: Which of Luther's hymn was the main one for Advent?

Hypothesis: Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Now come, Savior of the gentiles), based on Veni redemptor gentium, became the main hymn (Hauptlied) for Advent.


Premise: What channel did ABC proposed to compete with cable news company CNN?

Hypothesis: ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004 with the launch of ABC News Now, a 24-hour news channel distributed for viewing on the Internet and mobile phones.


Premise: What does a receiver have to be equipped with to view encrypted content?

Hypothesis: Unofficial CAMs are now available to view the service, although use of them breaks the user's contract with Sky and invalidates the user's rights to use the card.


Premise: What language does "hoy" originate from?

Hypothesis: Many words, however, appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area, such as "Canny" (a versatile word meaning "good", "nice" or "very"), "hacky" ("dirty"), "netty" ("toilet"), "hoy" ("throw", from the Dutch gooien, via West Frisian), "hockle" ("spit").


Premise: In considering Turing machines and alternate variables, what measurement left unaffected by conversion between machine models?

Hypothesis: Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power.


Premise: How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, won by the home team 49ers.


Premise: Though Turabi proclaimed his support for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power?

Hypothesis: After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military.


Premise: What does the Armagnac manuscript in the V&A library archive depict?

Hypothesis: Writers whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter.


Premise: When is the suspended team scheduled to return?

Hypothesis: However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018.


Premise: What enzymes in saliva are antibacterial in nature?

Hypothesis: Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche, when they become slightly acidic, while semen contains defensins and zinc to kill pathogens.


Premise: When did the university start having a bachelor's degree program in theater & performance studies?

Hypothesis: The College's general education core includes a “dramatic, music, and visual arts” requirement, requiring students to study the history of the arts, stage desire, or begin working with sculpture.


Premise: A complexity resource can also be described as what other type of resource?

Hypothesis: Analogous definitions can be made for space requirements.


Premise: What is missing a theory on quantum gravity?

Hypothesis: General relativity offers an equivalence between space-time and mass, but lacking a coherent theory of quantum gravity, it is unclear as to how or whether this connection is relevant on microscales.


Premise: What health issue did Tesla suffer?

Hypothesis: Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown at around the same time.


Premise: How many points did the Broncos defense allow their opponents to get?

Hypothesis: Linebacker DeMarcus Ware was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the ninth time in his career, ranking second on the team with 7½ sacks.


Premise: Why did the European nations and Japan separated themselves from United States during the crisis?

Hypothesis: The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria was enough to convince Arab oil producers to lift the embargo in March 1974.


Premise: What service did ABC launch in May 2013?

Hypothesis: New York City O&O WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service (with a free preview for non-subscribers through June 2013), with the six remaining ABC O&Os offering streams by the start of the 2013–14 season.


Premise: Which country had trading posts in India before Britain?

Hypothesis: With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India.


Premise: In what decade was seafloor spreading discovered?

Hypothesis: This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics.


Premise: Where is Harvard stadium located?

Hypothesis: The Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard School of Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha)


Premise: What is reduced by using plastid transformation for gene modification?

Hypothesis: While the reliability of this mechanism has not yet been studied for all relevant crop species, recent results in tobacco plants are promising, showing a failed containment rate of transplastomic plants at 3 in 1,000,000.


Premise: What did Paul Baran develop

Hypothesis: Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense.


Premise: What was the Yuan's Persian ally?

Hypothesis: Buddhism had a great influence in the Yuan government, and the Tibetan-rite Tantric Buddhism had significantly influenced China during this period.


Premise: What led to the production of tea paraphernalia such as china and caddies during the Georgian period?

Hypothesis: In the Victorian era new technology and machinery had a significant effect on manufacturing, and for the first time since the reformation, the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches had a major effect on art and design such as the Gothic Revival.


Premise: Why is Jochi's reported alliance with the Muslims historically suspect?

Hypothesis: He concludes his story with the clearly apocryphal statement by Jochi: "Genghis Khan is mad to have massacred so many people and laid waste so many lands.


Premise: What type of heating element is often used in toy steam engines?

Hypothesis: The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox).


Premise: Who is the present quarterback of the Broncos?

Hypothesis: In honor of the 50th Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players.


Premise: When was the divestment from South Africa movement?

Hypothesis: However, the university did eventually reduce its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.


Premise: What are some existing facilities?

Hypothesis: This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities, which could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations.


Premise: Tumors that are able to evade the body's immune response can become what?

Hypothesis: In addition, immunological tolerance may develop against tumor antigens, so the immune system no longer attacks the tumor cells.


Premise: What was the name for the new radio concept designed by Allen Shaw?

Hypothesis: The new concept called "LOVE Radio", which featured a limited selection of music genres, was launched on ABC's seven owned-and-operated FM stations in late November 1968; the concept replaced nearly all of the programming provided by these stations; however, several affiliates (such as KXYZ) retained the majority of their content.


Premise: What broadcast group is the largest operator of ABC stations?

Hypothesis: The E. W. Scripps Company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach, owning 15 ABC-affiliated stations (including affiliates in larger markets such as Cleveland, Phoenix, Detroit and Denver), and through its ownership of Phoenix affiliate KNXV, Las Vegas affiliate KTNV-TV and Tucson affiliate KGUN-TV, the only provider of ABC programming for the majority of Arizona (outside of the Yuma-El Centro market) and Southern Nevada.


Premise: How much thrust was estimated for the translunar flight?

Hypothesis: Because the CSM design was started early before the selection of lunar orbit rendezvous, the service propulsion engine was sized to lift the CSM off of the Moon, and thus was oversized to about twice the thrust required for translunar flight.


Premise: How much of Australia's milk is produced in Victoria?

Hypothesis: Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia.


Premise: When did the Bantu expansion reach the area from West-Central Africa?

Hypothesis: By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa.


Premise: Does the residential architecture of the Tower District compare or contrast with other part of Fresno?

Hypothesis: The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades.


Premise: What day was the Super Bowl played on?

Hypothesis: The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California.


Premise: Who came up with germ theory?

Hypothesis: This and other observations of acquired immunity were later exploited by Louis Pasteur in his development of vaccination and his proposed germ theory of disease.


Premise: In what year did William Maclure begin the process of creating the first geological map of the U.S.?

Hypothesis: The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map.


Premise: Which descendant of Genghis Khan sacked Baghdad?

Hypothesis: In 1237 Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, launched an invasion into Kievan Rus'.


Premise: What player won the MVP in Super Bowl V?


Premise: What earlier market did the Grainger Market replace?

Hypothesis: The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market.


Premise: How old was Tesla when he became a citizen of the US?

Hypothesis: On 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York.


Premise: What is the gender income inequality in Bahrain?

Hypothesis: In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market.


Premise: When was the coldest temperature in Newcastle recorded?

Hypothesis: Temperature extremes recorded at Newcastle Weather Centre include 32.5 °C (90.5 °F) during August 1990 down to −12.6 °C (9.3 °F) during January 1982.


Premise: Where do thrust faults form?

Hypothesis: Movement along faults can result in folding, either because the faults are not planar or because rock layers are dragged along, forming drag folds as slip occurs along the fault.


Premise: What is the Royal Castle the most interesting example of?

Hypothesis: The most interesting examples of mannerist architecture are the Royal Castle (1596–1619) and the Jesuit Church (1609–1626) at Old Town.


Premise: When did Tugh Temur found his academy?

Hypothesis: Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead.


Premise: How many times was the Panthers' quarterback sacked?

Hypothesis: Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown.


Premise: What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?

Hypothesis: Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector in both the United States and in the European Union.


Premise: First published by Sir Charles Lyell in 1830 this book was called what?

Hypothesis: Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830.


Premise: What was the percentage of Non-Hispanic Whites in 2010?

Hypothesis: The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665.


Premise: When was the deportation of Acadians?

Hypothesis: The British resettled many Acadians throughout its North American provinces, but many went to France, and some went to New Orleans, which they had expected to remain French.


Premise: How did the leaders of the city of Bukhara respond to the Mongol attack?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan had the city's surviving population assemble in the main mosque of the town, where he declared that he was the flail of God, sent to punish them for their sins.


Premise: What principle relates to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?

Hypothesis: Faults are younger than the rocks they cut; accordingly, if a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger than the fault.


Premise: How many yards was the field goal that made the score 13-7 in Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Newton completed 4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards, while Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10–7 with 11:28 left in the second quarter.


Premise: Where are the specialized cells that eliminate cells that recognize self-antigens located?

Hypothesis: One of the functions of specialized cells (located in the thymus and bone marrow) is to present young lymphocytes with self antigens produced throughout the body and to eliminate those cells that recognize self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity.


Premise: What company filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934 concerning problems establishing new stations?

Hypothesis: Having no power over the networks themselves, the FCC established a regulation forbidding licenses to be issued for radio stations if they were affiliated with a network which already owned multiple networks that provided content of public interest.


Premise: Why was there a depreciation of the industrialized nations dollars?

Hypothesis: Anticipating that currency values would fluctuate unpredictably for a time, the industrialized nations increased their reserves (by expanding their money supplies) in amounts far greater than before.


Premise: What percentage of France's population is protestant today?

Hypothesis: Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cévennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the percentage of a female householder with no husband present?

Hypothesis: There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present.


Premise: When did Luther give his response to Eck?

Hypothesis: Luther confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question.


Premise: Which rival of the Mongols is suspected of inventing the story that Genghis Khan was murdered by a captured princess?

Hypothesis: One chronicle from the early 17th century even relates the legend that the princess hid a small dagger and stabbed him, though some Mongol authors have doubted this version and suspected it to be an invention by the rival Oirads.


Premise: How many people did Hamas kill between 2000 to 2007?

Hypothesis: Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip, but criticized for failure to achieve its demands in the 2008-9 and 2014 Gaza Wars despite heavy destruction and significant loss of life.


Premise: What did NSFNET promote

Hypothesis: The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.


Premise: What is the common term for the loss of key members of French society to Huguenot emigration?

Hypothesis: The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many Huguenots had occupied important places in society.


Premise: As of February 2011, how many numbers has Goldbach's conjecture been proven to?

Hypothesis: Weaker statements than this have been proven, for example Vinogradov's theorem says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes.


Premise: During which years was no census taken?

Hypothesis: It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period.


Premise: Who originally hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire for ABC?

Hypothesis: Hosted throughout its ABC tenure by Regis Philbin, the program became a major ratings success throughout its initial summer run, which led ABC to renew Millionaire as a regular series, returning on January 18, 2000.


Premise: What South African law recognized two types of schools?

Hypothesis: The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)


Premise: What native chief travelled to French fort and threatened Marin?

Hypothesis: Traveling to Fort Le Boeuf, he threatened the French with military action, which Marin contemptuously dismissed.


Premise: What is another name for the Yosemite Freeway?

Hypothesis: Fresno is served by State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley.


Premise: What famous person congratulated him?

Hypothesis: The cover caption "All the world's his power house" noted his contribution to electrical power generation.


Premise: Where can population estimates be extrapolated from?


Premise: When the recovery between the widening gap between the richest citizens and rest of the nation slow?

Hypothesis: In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles.


Premise: Of what mathematical nature is the Basel problem?

Hypothesis: Another example of the richness of the zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory is the following identity (Basel problem), due to Euler,


Premise: Who did Emma Marry?

Hypothesis: This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England.


Premise: How do students rate teachers that they feel are enthusiastic?

Hypothesis: Students who had enthusiastic teachers tend to rate them higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm for the course materials.


Premise: What are the stages in a compound engine called?

Hypothesis: Near the end of the 19th century compound engines came into widespread use.


Premise: What is the smalled work force sector?

Hypothesis: Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector, accounting for 16% of GDP.


Premise: What is it called when steam propels a turbo generator with electric motor propulsion?

Hypothesis: It was found that steam turbines were not ideally suited to the railroad environment and these locomotives failed to oust the classic reciprocating steam unit in the way that modern diesel and electric traction has done.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the receptor that killer T cells use to bind to specific antigens that are complexed with the MHC Class 1 receptor of another cell?

Hypothesis: Killer T cells are activated when their T cell receptor (TCR) binds to this specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell.


Premise: Who does a gender pay gap tend to favor?

Hypothesis: In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market.


Premise: What type of curricula is it that a teacher may likely follow?

Hypothesis: The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill.


Premise: Who was the first European to travel the entire length of the Amazon River?

Hypothesis: The BBC's Unnatural Histories presented evidence that the Amazon rainforest, rather than being a pristine wilderness, has been shaped by man for at least 11,000 years through practices such as forest gardening and terra preta.


Premise: Which country was the last to receive the disease?

Hypothesis: Finally it spread to northwestern Russia in 1351.


Premise: In Latin America what is the most revered skin color?

Hypothesis: The rhetoric of colonizers being racially superior appears to have achieved its purpose, for example throughout Latin America "whiteness" is still prized today and various forms of blanqueamiento (whitening) are common.


Premise: Luther went to bed quoting what scripture?

Hypothesis: When he went to his bed, he prayed, "Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God" (Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying.


Premise: What did Tymnet connect

Hypothesis: SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to connect host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies.


Premise: Who is viewed as the first modern geologist?

Hypothesis: James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist.


Premise: What was the fort that was being built to be named?

Hypothesis: He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne.


Premise: Who originally led the Space Task Group?

Hypothesis: So Gilruth was given authority to grow his organization into a new NASA center, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC).


Premise: The "50" given to the Super Bowl winner is plated with how many karats of gold?

Hypothesis: Like the Lombardi Trophy, the "50" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.


Premise: Do the U.S. flags on the moon still have their original coloring or were they faded due to the Sun?

Hypothesis: In 2009, NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, while orbiting 50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon, began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface, and photographed each site where manned Apollo flights landed.


Premise: What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?

Hypothesis: By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households, just below the limit of 25% imposed by the FCC.


Premise: Where did he claim he would transport energy to?

Hypothesis: and Kiowa St. He chose this location because the polyphase alternating current power distribution system had been introduced there and he had associates who were willing to give him all the power he needed without charging for it.


Premise: How was the civil disobedience shown in Antigone?

Hypothesis: She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law.


Premise: What entity was rumored to be sold by ABC in between May and September 2005?

Hypothesis: Between May and September 2005, rumors circulated that Disney–ABC was considering a sale of ABC Radio, with Clear Channel Communications and Westwood One (which had earlier purchased NBC's radio division, as well as the distribution rights to CBS's, and the Mutual Broadcasting System during the 1990s) as potential buyers.


Premise: What is more often seen in root tip maristems?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts do not normally develop from proplastids in root tip meristems—instead, the formation of starch-storing amyloplasts is more common.


Premise: Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?

Hypothesis: Incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589.


Premise: At what rate is Orange County developing its business centers?

Hypothesis: Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts; as well as the Irvine business centers of The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine.


Premise: What was the name of the blind date concept program debuted by ABC in 1966?

Hypothesis: In December of that year, the ABC television network premiered The Dating Game, a pioneer series in its genre, which was a reworking of the blind date concept in which a suitor selected one of three contestants sight unseen based on the answers to selected questions.


Premise: When did Kublai move the Mongol capital?

Hypothesis: In 1271, Kublai formally claimed the Mandate of Heaven and declared that 1272 was the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元) in the style of a traditional Chinese dynasty.


Premise: When a commission reached no decision, what happened?

Hypothesis: Frontiers from between Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north, to the Ohio Country in the south, were claimed by both sides.


Premise: What does CBD stand for?

Hypothesis: Southern California is home to many major business districts.


Premise: What is the conventional method to measure the Rhine?

Hypothesis: The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km).


Premise: The V&A has the world's most comprehensive collection of sculptures from which period?

Hypothesis: There are approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD to 1914.


Premise: By 1544 what did Luther have to deal with in his health?

Hypothesis: In December 1544, he began to feel the effects of angina.


Premise: Who helped Temüjin rescue his wife from the Merkits?

Hypothesis: Soon after Börte's marriage to Temüjin, she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife.


Premise: When did photosynthetic organisms evolve on Earth?

Hypothesis: Free oxygen gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago.


Premise: What type of cascade results when complement proteins bind to microbes and activate their protease activity?

Hypothesis: This produces a catalytic cascade that amplifies the initial signal by controlled positive feedback.


Premise: How many men were in Robert's army?

Hypothesis: After allying himself with Croatia and the Catholic cities of Dalmatia, in 1081 he led an army of 30,000 men in 300 ships landing on the southern shores of Albania, capturing Valona, Kanina, Jericho (Orikumi), and reaching Butrint after numerous pillages.


Premise: How much of the GDP was agriculture in 2005?

Hypothesis: Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector.


Premise: What educational study did Luther start to pursue and immediately  drop?

Hypothesis: In accordance with his father's wishes, Luther enrolled in law school at the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty.


Premise: What coach left the Broncos after the season prior to Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Following their loss in the divisional round of the previous season's playoffs, the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox (who had won four divisional championships in his four years as Broncos head coach), and the hiring of Gary Kubiak as the new head coach.


Premise: Where does the largest part of Kenya's power come from?

Hypothesis: The state-owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), established in 1997 under the name of Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of electricity, while Kenya Power handles the electricity transmission and distribution system in the country.


Premise: What are auricles?

Hypothesis: The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth.


Premise: There is a public database of epitopes for pathogens known to be recognizable by what cells?

Hypothesis: A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by B cells.


Premise: How and when did the first variant of y. pestis enter Europe?

Hypothesis: Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype responsible for the pandemic that spread through the Low Countries from 1350 differed from that found in Britain and France, implying Bergen op Zoom (and possibly other parts of the southern Netherlands) was not directly infected from England or France in 1349 and suggesting a second wave of plague, different from those in Britain and France, may have been carried to the Low Countries from Norway, the Hanseatic cities or another site.


Premise: What innovation in Mongolian language is credited to Genghis Khan?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan is regarded as one of the prominent leaders in Mongolia's history.


Premise: What amount of the worlds carbon is stored in the Amazon forest?

Hypothesis: Environmentalists are concerned about loss of biodiversity that will result from destruction of the forest, and also about the release of the carbon contained within the vegetation, which could accelerate global warming.


Premise: Which type of livestock was the argricultural region known for?

Hypothesis: Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace continues to be a major factor.


Premise: In 1735, where did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel in America?

Hypothesis: John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected.


Premise: What was the steam engine an important component of?

Hypothesis: The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution, allowing factories to locate where water power was unavailable.


Premise: Early in the fourth quarter, The Broncos drove to what yard line of the Panthers?

Hypothesis: On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line.


Premise: What are the exceptions in the constitution  that require special considerations to amend?

Hypothesis: Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility.


Premise: When did Robert Crispin go up against the Turks?

Hypothesis: In the 1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa against the Turks.


Premise: How much does a Probationer earn, after 6 years of service?

Hypothesis: Teachers in Scotland can be registered members of trade unions with the main ones being the Educational Institute of Scotland and the Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association.


Premise: What is the enrollment of undergraduates at Harvard?

Hypothesis: Harvard's 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct 7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students.


Premise: What was media day called for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: How many registered nurses were in Kenya in 2011?

Hypothesis: According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, in 2011 there were 65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country; 8,600 clinical officers and 7,000 doctors for the population of 43 million people (These figures from official registers include those who have died or left the profession hence the actual number of these workers may be lower).


Premise: What "dynamic theory" did Tesla say he finished in 1937?

Hypothesis: Tesla claimed to have developed his own physical principle regarding matter and energy that he started working on in 1892, and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity" that "[would] put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space."


Premise: What was the daily distance walked by Tesla?

Hypothesis: For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day.


Premise: How did Celeron handle meeting with Old Briton?

Hypothesis: Céloron threatened "Old Briton" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. "


Premise: What President is credited with the original notion of putting Americans in space?

Hypothesis: First conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in a May 25, 1961, address to Congress.


Premise: What did Stephen Kemble guide the Theatre Royal through?

Hypothesis: Stephen Kemble guided the theatre through many celebrated seasons.


Premise: How many horsepower did Tesla's bladeless turbine have?

Hypothesis: During 1910–1911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100–5,000 hp.


Premise: What has caused China to suspend their railway project?

Hypothesis: China has been causing environmental and social problems that include the recent suspension of the railway project.


Premise: Where was French withdrawal to?

Hypothesis: Dieskau planned to attack the British encampment at Fort Edward at the upper end of navigation on the Hudson River, but Johnson had strongly fortified it, and Dieskau's Indian support was reluctant to attack.


Premise: Between what times does Good Morning America air on ABC?

Hypothesis: ABC News programming includes Good Morning America from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. weekdays (along with one-hour weekend editions); nightly editions of ABC World News Tonight (whose weekend editions are occasionally subject to abbreviation or preemption due to sports telecasts overrunning into the program's timeslot), the Sunday political talk show This Week, early morning news programs World News Now and America This Morning and the late night newsmagazine Nightline.


Premise: What was Brisbane's job?

Hypothesis: Suppose I made up my mind to murder you," he said, "In a second you would know it.


Hypothesis: By then however, there were already Norman mercenaries serving as far away as Trebizond and Georgia.


Premise: What was one of the Norman's major exports?

Hypothesis: Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by 1066 Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation.


Premise: When did Mechlin lace develop?

Hypothesis: Although 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry, this is contentious.


Premise: What is the name of Elementary Schools?

Hypothesis: There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools (Grundschule), lower secondary schools (Hauptschule), middle level secondary schools (Realschule) and higher level secondary schools (Gymnasium).


Premise: What did the last few of the boilerplate CSM launches carry with them?

Hypothesis: The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages filled with water.


Premise: What foot was injured on Manning that sidelined him in week 10?

Hypothesis: Under Kubiak, the Broncos planned to install a run-oriented offense with zone blocking to blend in with quarterback Peyton Manning's shotgun passing skills, but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line, as well as Manning having his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998, due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer, and the simple fact that Manning was getting old, as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season.


Premise: When did the age of Imperialism begin?

Hypothesis: Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years, the term "Age of Imperialism" generally refers to the activities of European powers from the early 18th century through to the middle of the 20th century, for example, the "The Great Game" in Persian lands, the "Scramble for Africa" and the "Open Door Policy" in China.


Premise: What did the Ominde Commission do?

Hypothesis: After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty.


Premise: Where was Edison Machine Works located?

Hypothesis: In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment.


Premise: When was the coldest temperature in Newcastle recorded?

Hypothesis: Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK.


Premise: What manner of words does Mullet think Luther would choose?

Hypothesis: However, Mullett suggests that given his nature, "we are free to believe that Luther would tend to select the more dramatic form of words."


Premise: The term "southern" California usually refers to how many of the southern-most counties of the state?

Hypothesis: When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term "southern California" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state.


Premise: Who decided not to approve paying for renovations at Sun Life Stadium that the league wanted for them to do to host Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: However, on May 3, 2013, the Florida legislature refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations, dealing a significant blow to Miami's chances.


Premise: What area of Brookhaven is still known for its high levels of crime?

Hypothesis: The isolated subdivision was for years known as the "Dogg Pound" in reference to a local gang, and as of late 2008 was still known for high levels of violent crime.


Premise: How much of the population is Hindu?

Hypothesis: In addition, there is a large Hindu population in Kenya (around 300,000), who have played a key role in the local economy; they are mostly of Indian origin.


Premise: Who did Martin Luther say was the lone granter of forgiveness?

Hypothesis: Christians, he said, must not slacken in following Christ on account of such false assurances.


Premise: Where was the  Continental Edison Company located?


Premise: How many times prios has the Sun Life Stadium had Super Bowls?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: What was the hymn based on?

Hypothesis: His "Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ" ("Praise be to You, Jesus Christ") became the main hymn for Christmas.


Premise: What does Piketty feel was the biggest factors in reducing inequality between 1914 to 1945?

Hypothesis: Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and "violent economic and political shocks" reduced inequality.


Premise: What type of lenses were needed to see the 3D effects in Dimension in Time?

Hypothesis: In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special, titled Dimensions in Time was produced for Children in Need, featuring all of the surviving actors who played the Doctor and a number of previous companions.


Premise: What did Kublai do to prevent famines?

Hypothesis: Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar's measurement.


Premise: What is an examine of work that a centrifugal governor-equipped steam engine wasn't suitable for?

Hypothesis: The governor could not actually hold a set speed, because it would assume a new constant speed in response to load changes.


Premise: What is the scale used to measure the strength of hurricanes called?

Hypothesis: The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area.


Premise: What did Sir Charles Parsons invent?

Hypothesis: Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, was born in the city.


Premise: Who works to get workers higher compensation?

Hypothesis: Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job.


Premise: In what country was a full-scale working railway steam locomotive first invented?

Hypothesis: Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.


Premise: Who started rumors in 2008 that ABC would sell its ten owned-and-operated stations?

Hypothesis: On August 15, 2008, Disney denied rumors started by Caris & Co. that it would be selling the ten ABC owned-and-operated stations.


Premise: When is Sir Pindar's house dated?

Hypothesis: European examples include a dormer window dated 1523–35 from the chateau of Montal.


Premise: Combs are called what?

Hypothesis: The "combs" (also called "ctenes" or "comb plates") run across each row, and each consists of thousands of unusually long cilia, up to 2 millimeters (0.079 in).


Premise: In 2009, Disney reached an agreement to buy what percentage stake in Hulu?

Hypothesis: The Walt Disney Company is also a part-owner of Hulu (as part of a consortium that includes, among other parties, the respective parent companies of NBC and Fox, NBCUniversal and 21st


Premise: What do some believe the Treaty of Versailles assisted in?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Versailles and this particular provision, in general, caused much resentment in Germany and is often cited as helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power.


Premise: How many of the prior Super Bowl MVPs appeared together at the pregame show?

Hypothesis: In honor of the 50th Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players.


Premise: What did the Industrial Revolution cause to happen to Newcastle?

Hypothesis: Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by electric lighting.


Premise: How many large public parks does Fresno have?

Hypothesis: Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest.


Premise: According to Wilson's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by n if some integer n > 4 is to be considered composite?

Hypothesis: The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect, provided that p is not a prime factor of q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p − 1)! + 1 is divisible by p.


Premise: What were Huguenots who stayed in France eventually known as?

Hypothesis: It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom became intellectuals, doctors and business leaders in Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, and South Africa.


Premise: What Doctor Who actor won a Best Actor award in 2012?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards and has won over a hundred of them.


Premise: What year did Genghis Khan die?

Hypothesis: He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia.


Premise: How much of a difference in homicide rates are related to inequality?

Hypothesis: They estimated that about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state.


Premise: What was the age difference between Newton and Manning in Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Manning and Newton also set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days (Manning was 39, Newton was 26).


Premise: What are pharmacists in the United Kingdom being increasingly paid for?

Hypothesis: They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews.


Premise: What did these Lutheran clerics use as fuel to bolster the Policies of the Nazis?

Hypothesis: Other scholars argue that, even if his views were merely anti-Judaic—that is, opposed to Judaism and its adherence rather than the Jews as an ethnic group—their violence lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism.


Premise: What direction do ctenophore swim?

Hypothesis: Hence ctenophores usually swim in the direction in which the mouth is pointing, unlike jellyfish.


Premise: The Bank of America Tower was previously known as what?

Hypothesis: The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center.


Premise: Who originally hosted the syndicated version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

Hypothesis: Millionaire ended its run on the network's primetime lineup after three years in 2002, with Buena Vista Television relaunching the show as a syndicated program (under that incarnation's original host Meredith Vieira) in September of that year.


Premise: What type of homes is Fresno known for?

Hypothesis: The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades.


Premise: Where did Jebe's division of Genghis Khan's army campaign in Khwarezmia?

Hypothesis: The second division under Jebe marched secretly to the southeast part of Khwarzemia to form, with the first division, a pincer attack on Samarkand.


Premise: What compounds in the stomach protect against ingested pathogens?

Hypothesis: Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche, when they become slightly acidic, while semen contains defensins and zinc to kill pathogens.


Premise: When was the last use by Bach of Luther's work?

Hypothesis: ich zu dir, BWV 38, later Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80, and in 1735 Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit, BWV 14.


Premise: When did Tesla become friends with Viereck?

Hypothesis: In middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain; they spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere.


Premise: What Apollo mission was this LOR method used and needed?

Hypothesis: Ironically, just such a failure happened on Apollo 13 when an oxygen tank explosion left the command ship without electrical power.


Premise: Who created the theme used in 1986?

Hypothesis: A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 (1986).


Premise: How big are phycobilisomes?

Hypothesis: Phycobilins come in all colors, though phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red.


Premise: How many students have received unwanted sexual attention from a teacher or other education figure?

Hypothesis: Misconduct by teachers, especially sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts.


Premise: Among whom was Genghis Khan's empire split after his death?

Hypothesis: Before Genghis Khan died, he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons.


Premise: What Newcastle road heads west to Carlisle?

Hypothesis: Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland and Middlesbrough to York and Doncaster; the A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A696, which becomes the A68 heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders, the A167, the old "Great North Road", heading south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058 "Coast Road", which runs from Jesmond to the east coast between Tynemouth and Cullercoats.


Premise: What three things are needed for construction to take place?

Hypothesis: Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.


Premise: Since when was the Rhine part of the areal of Hallstatt culture?

Hypothesis: The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC, the areal of the La Tène culture covered almost its entire length, forming a contact zone with the Jastorf culture, i.e. the locus of early Celtic-Germanic cultural contact.


Premise: What other series mentioned returned with a plot continuation?

Hypothesis: The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963–1989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm.


Premise: What sea bordered Genghis Khan's empire to the east when he died?

Hypothesis: Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire.


Premise: What are white blood cells known as?

Hypothesis: These cells identify and eliminate pathogens, either by attacking larger pathogens through contact or by engulfing and then killing microorganisms.


Premise: How much can Ctenophores eat in one day?

Hypothesis: These variations enable different species to build huge populations in the same area, because they specialize in different types of prey, which they capture by as wide a range of methods as spiders use.


Premise: What city is tied with Miami for hosting the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: However, on May 3, 2013, the Florida legislature refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations, dealing a significant blow to Miami's chances.


Premise: Who is the author of the book, "Knowledge and Decisions"?

Hypothesis: Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions, claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy, but income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference.


Premise: What are phytoplankton?

Hypothesis: One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish.


Premise: What is the common coastal pleurobrachia called?

Hypothesis: Cydippid ctenophores have bodies that are more or less rounded, sometimes nearly spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped; the common coastal "sea gooseberry," Pleurobrachia, sometimes has an egg-shaped body with the mouth at the narrow end, although some individuals are more uniformly round.


Premise: What is an apicoplast?

Hypothesis: They were once thought to be related to the helicosproidia, but it is now known that the helicosproida are green algae rather than chromalveolates.


Premise: What show did Peter Jennings anchor for ABC?

Hypothesis: the ABC News building was renamed Peter Jennings Way in 2006 in honor of the recently deceased longtime ABC News chief anchor and anchor of World News Tonight.


Premise: Why did French feel they had right to Ohio claim?

Hypothesis: Saint-Pierre said, "As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it."


Premise: What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?

Hypothesis: A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider.


Premise: What astronomer worked for Kublai?

Hypothesis: Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar's measurement.


Premise: Who considers Luther's speech a world classic?

Hypothesis: At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm "in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout."


Premise: What is the present-day location of this church?

Hypothesis: It is now located at Soho Square.


Premise: Where does the gold in the parliamentary mace come from?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of each sitting in the chamber, the lid of the case is rotated so that the mace is above the glass, to symbolise that a full meeting of the Parliament is taking place.


Premise: Innate cells can act as mediators in the activation of what branch of the immune system?

Hypothesis: Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system.


Premise: Who was the ruling class ahead of the Normans?

Hypothesis: The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel.


Premise: What was the resolution of the cameras used in the EyeVision 360 system?

Hypothesis: CBS introduced new features during the telecast, including pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360—an array of 36 cameras along the upper deck that can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and "bullet time" effects.


Premise: Who translated this version of the scriptures?

Hypothesis: Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin.


Premise: What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union law?

Hypothesis: Accepted general principles of European Union Law include fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity.


Premise: What magnitude of earthquake can many faults produce?

Hypothesis: Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event.


Premise: What is the English translation of tawhid?

Hypothesis: This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate).


Premise: What did Luther's degree in 1509 concern?

Hypothesis: He received a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies on 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard in 1509.


Premise: By what year was selling children into slavery common among the Mongols?

Hypothesis: The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empire commoners were selling their children into slavery.


Premise: What company developed the most successful steam engine indicator?

Hypothesis: The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator.


Premise: What aspect of Western medicine did the Chinese dislike?

Hypothesis: Chinese physicians opposed Western medicine because its humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine.


Premise: What were the first two stations to carry ABC's programming?

Hypothesis: Since its inception, ABC has had many affiliated stations, which include WABC-TV and WPVI-TV, the first two stations to carry the network's programming.


Premise: In what years did the show see audiences as high as 12 million?

Hypothesis: The first of these was the "Dalekmania" period (circa 1964–1965), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought Doctor Who ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them.


Premise: What is the biggest ABC subchannel affiliate by the size of markets?

Hypothesis: The E. W. Scripps Company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach, owning 15 ABC-affiliated stations (including affiliates in larger markets such as Cleveland, Phoenix, Detroit and Denver), and through its ownership of Phoenix affiliate KNXV, Las Vegas affiliate KTNV-TV and Tucson affiliate KGUN-TV, the only provider of ABC programming for the majority of Arizona (outside of the Yuma-El Centro market) and Southern Nevada.


Premise: The frequent availability of what substance allowed land-based steam engines to exhaust a great deal of steam?

Hypothesis: Prior to and during World War I, the expansion engine dominated marine applications where high vessel speed was not essential.


Premise: What helped the Lama determine to be reborn?

Hypothesis: A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.


Premise: What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?

Hypothesis: On January 17, 1972, Elton Rule was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC a few months after Goldenson reduced his role in the company after suffering a heart attack.


Premise: How many Doctor Who episodes have been shown, in total?

Hypothesis: 826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for Resurrection of the Daleks in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's The Five Doctors and the 1996 television film), eight Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010 and 2013.


Premise: When was the first plastome sequenced?

Hypothesis: It is also known as the plastome.


Premise: How much did Tesla spend on the injured pigeon?

Hypothesis: Tesla spent over $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg.


Premise: What religion were the Normans

Hypothesis: The Normans were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy into which they assimilated.


Premise: Who masterminded many terror attacks?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced.


Premise: What authority enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?

Hypothesis: The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities.


Premise: What does the City Council divide itself into?

Hypothesis: Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law.


Premise: In which year are the Meissen Vulture in the V&A collection dated?

Hypothesis: Well represented in the collection is Meissen porcelain, from the first factory in Europe to discover the Chinese method of making porcelain.


Premise: When was the last time California hosted a Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: On May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium.


Premise: An MSP may introduce a bill as what?

Hypothesis: Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages:


Premise: What type of soil is considered a product of soil management by indigenous peoples in the Amazon Forest?

Hypothesis: Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest, is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management.


Premise: Where did the Meuse flow before the flood?

Hypothesis: Before the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek.


Premise: what is Internet2

Hypothesis: Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government.


Premise: Who ended up replacing Joseph Francis Shea as ASPO Manager?

Hypothesis: Manager Joseph Francis Shea, replacing him with George Low.


Premise: What is most of the cleared land in the Amazon region used for?

Hypothesis: Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle.


Premise: Peroxides, nitrates and dichromates are examples of what type of compounds?

Hypothesis: Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential, such as peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates because they can donate oxygen to a fire.


Premise: What proclamation officially ended limited Huguenot autonomy?

Hypothesis: Even before the Edict of Alès (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sûreté was no more.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year was the Super Bowl last held in the Miami/South Florida area?

Hypothesis: The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, won by the home team 49ers.


Premise: Which sized cars were the least demanded cars in the crisis?

Hypothesis: The crisis reduced the demand for large cars.


Premise: What is the average weight of the biomass per hectare in the Amazon?

Hypothesis: The total number of tree species in the region is estimated at 16,000.


Premise: What country is this teaching subject discussing?

Hypothesis: This is true throughout most of the United States as well.


Premise: What were these indulgences supposed to grant the giver?

Hypothesis: He insisted that, since forgiveness was God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error.


Premise: Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen in less than the length of a meter?

Hypothesis: Stretching of units can result in their thinning; in fact, there is a location within the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt in which the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon can be seen over a length of less than a meter.


Premise: How effective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"?

Hypothesis: While the military effectiveness of these "Afghan Arabs" was marginal, an estimated 16,000 to 35,000 Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan.


Premise: What is the process by which the immune system identifies tumors called?

Hypothesis: This is called immune surveillance.


Premise: When did the so called gentlemen's agreement between Sadat and the Islamists break down?

Hypothesis: This "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists broke down in 1975 but not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions.


Premise: What effect does rubisco's flaw have?

Hypothesis: This is a big problem, since O2 is produced by the initial light reactions of photosynthesis, causing issues down the line in the Calvin cycle which uses rubisco.


Premise: Why are coastal species tough?

Hypothesis: Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles, while some oceanic species are so fragile that it is very difficult to capture them intact for study.


Premise: Most of the museum's collection had been returned by which year?

Hypothesis: By 1948 most of the collections had been returned to the museum.


Premise: What did Tesla do in Tomingaj?

Hypothesis: Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger, both physically and mentally.


Premise: Informal imperialism is still dominant; however, less what?

Hypothesis: " Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a state power, has on another group of people.


Premise: What term is shorthand for antibody generators?

Hypothesis: In immunology, self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system.


Premise: What Han Chinese leader defected to the Mongols?

Hypothesis: Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (劉黑馬, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala (蕭札剌) defected and commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army.


Premise: What network is Newcastle a member of?

Hypothesis: Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities.


Premise: The time required to output an answer on a deterministic Turing machine is expressed as what?

Hypothesis: The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer ("yes" or "no").


Premise: Which Spanish officer established the settlement at St. Augustine?

Hypothesis: In 1562, naval officer Jean Ribault led an expedition that explored Florida and the present-day Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina.


Premise: Deacons serve a term of how many years as provisional deacons?

Hypothesis: Deacons serve a term of 2–3 years as provisional deacons prior to their ordination.


Premise: For how long did Tesla receive this compensation?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1934, the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company began paying Tesla $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker, expenses the Company would pay for the rest of Tesla's life.


Premise: What yard marker on the field was painted gold?

Hypothesis: Gold footballs were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl, and "homecoming" events were also held by Super Bowl-winning teams at games.


Premise: What type of architecture is the Palace of Four Windows an impressive example of?

Hypothesis: The neoclassical architecture in Warsaw can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period.


Premise: What happened to the ground water in the Rhine during the Rhine straightening program?

Hypothesis: The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly.


Premise: What do nuclear power plants heat to create electricity?

Hypothesis: Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator.


Premise: In which months does Fresno experience increased wind coming from the southeastern direction?

Hypothesis: Most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from the northwest, as winds are driven downward along the axis of the California Central Valley; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics.


Premise: Who presided over the assembly?

Hypothesis: This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a town on the Rhine.


Premise: Where is a palm house with subtropic plants from all over the world on display?

Hypothesis: They have extensive botanical collection of rare domestic and foreign plants, while a palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics from all over the world.