Hi all, let me add to Fortunat that I feel Keith and Tim have done a tremendous job in very thorny terrain. And I agree with Peck - science has moved way past the "hockey stick" debate, and it is great how our chapter shows that. Nevertheless, we should remember that the Von Storch et al. (2004) critique was a fundamental methodological critique that applies to *all* (or at least most) proxy reconstructions - it is not just a Storch vs. Mann quarrel (although it is that as well, of course). Hence it is worth mentioning their error, else this could still call the entirety of our conclusions from that section into question. Currently, our draft just says: At present, the extent of any such bias in specific reconstructions is uncertain This is true, but leaves in my view slightly too much room for interpretation - like, it would still encompass the interpretation that the bias of all reconstructions is desastrous, so they are all "nonsense" in Von Storch's words. What about saying something along the lines: "At present, the extent of any such bias in specific reconstructions is uncertain, although probably not as large as suggested by Von Storch et al. (2004), whose work was affected by a calibration error (Wahl, Ritson and Amman, 2006)." Regards, Stefan p.s. Tim: Are you convinced the more recent papers by the VS group use the correct calibration? In those curves that are intended to show the pseudoproxies perform poorly even when calibrated correctly, as long as you add a lot more noise, I wonder why the pseudoproxies perform poorly even within the calibration interval, where they now should be calibrated to properly reproduce the 20th C warming trend, and they don't?


Vacation: December 10-14 December 26-28 December 31 one other day yet unplanned


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Bill, Just touching base, are you getting all the staff mails I am sending? I hope all is well for you, let me know. 88 -- Commander Jeff Schoep "If you are not part of the solution, you are part of the problem." National Socialist Movement www.nsm88.org The information in this email is confidential and may be legally privileged. Furthermore, the NSM is not responsible for the content of this e-mail, and anything written in this e-mail does not necessarily reflect the NSM's views or opinions. Access to this email by anyone other than the intended addressee is unauthorized. If you are not the intended recipient of this message, any review, disclosure, copying, distribution, retention, or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on it is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this mail in error, please destroy the copy in your possession and notify: commander@newsaxon.org


dreams-are-like-radio analogy: i program my Jetta Monsoon for Planet 93.3, 80's 102.9, and NPR 89.9 but when i leave my local broadcast range i have to scan for new stations. dreaming is outside my local broadcast range. -----Original Message----- From: garym@maya.dyndns.org On Behalf Of Gary Lawrence Murphy Sent: Tuesday, September 10, 2002 10:14 AM To: Geege Schuman Cc: johnhall@evergo.net; FoRK Subject: Re: Recommended Viewing >>>>> "G" == Geege Schuman writes: G> you meant "SURPRISINGLY perceptive," didn't you? :-) Of course, dear. Especially without zazen training. Veritably Operational Thetan-like. G> recent exceptionally vivid and strange dreams lead me to G> believe i'm sparking synapses that have lain dormant lo these G> many years. Lots of problem solving going on up there at G> night. It's a myth that we don't use parts of our brain. We use it all, always. It's just that our culturally-induced focal-point causes most of us to most of the time ignore and waste 99.999% of it. "Lucid" is a measure of notch-filter bandwidth; all stations are broadcasting, but we only /choose/ Easy Rock 105. For example, don't look now but your shoes are full of feet. The sensation of toes the above statement evokes is not a "turning on" of circuits, it is a "tuning in". The next step, of course, is to "drop out" :) To paraphrase an old saw: Life is wasted on the living. -- Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc Business Advantage through Community Software :  "Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso)


Dear Tom, In the end, I decided to test the significance of trends in the O(t) minus M(t) difference time series, as you and John Lanzante have suggested. I still think that this "difference series test" is more appropriate when one is operating on a pair of time series with correlated variability (for example, if you wished to test whether an observed tropical T2LT trend was significantly different from the T2LT trend simulated in an AMIP experiment). But you and John convinced me that our response to Douglass et al. would be strengthened by using several different approaches to address the statistical significance of differences between modeled and observed temperature trends. The Tables given below show the results from two different types of test. You've already seen the "TYPE1" or "PAIRED TREND" results. These involve b{O} and b{M}, which represent any single pair of Observed and Modeled trends, with standard errors s{bO} and s{bM} (which are adjusted for temporal autocorrelation effects). As in our previous work (and as in related work by John Lanzante), we define the normalized trend difference d as: d1 = (b{O} - b{M}) / sqrt[ (s{bO})**2 + (s{bM})**2 ] Under the assumption that d1 is normally distributed, values of d1 > +1.96 or Thanks Ben, > > You have been busy! I sent Tom an email before reading the last > paragraph of this note. Recognizing the "random" placement of ENSO in > the models and volcanic effects (in a few) and the known impact of the > occurrence of these events on the trends, I think it is appropriate that > the noise and related uncertainty about the trend differences be > increased. Amplifying the noise could be argued as an appropriate > conservative approach, since we know that these events are confounding > our efforts to see differences between models and obs w/r to greenhouse > forcing. > > I know it is more work, but I think it does make sense to calculate > O(1)-M(1), O(2)-M(2) .... O(n)-M(n) for all combinations of observed > data sets and model simulations. You could test for significance by > using a Monte Carlo bootstrap approach by randomizing the years for both > models and data. > > Regards, Tom > > > Ben Santer said the following on 12/26/2007 9:50 PM: >> Dear John, >> >> Thanks for your email. As usual, your comments were constructive and >> thought-provoking. I've tried to do some of the additional tests that >> you suggested, and will report on the results below. >> >> But first, let's have a brief recap. As discussed in my previous >> emails, I've tested the significance of differences between trends in >> observed MSU time series and the trends in synthetic MSU temperatures >> in a multi-model "ensemble of opportunity". The "ensemble of >> opportunity" comprises results from 49 realizations of the CMIP-3 >> "20c3m" experiment, performed with 19 different A/OGCMs. This is the >> same ensemble that was analyzed in Chapter 5 of the CCSP Synthesis and >> Assessment Product 1.1. >> I've used observational results from two different groups (RSS and >> UAH). From each group, we have results for both T2 and T2LT. This >> yields a total of 196 different tests of the significance of >> observed-versus-model trend differences (2 observational datasets x 2 >> layer-averaged temperatures x 49 realizations of the 20c3m >> experiment). Thus far, I've tested the significance of trend >> differences using T2 and T2LT data spatially averaged over oceans only >> (both 20N-20S and 30N-30S), as well as over land and ocean (20N-20S). >> All results described below focus on the land and ocean results, which >> facilitates a direct comparison with Douglass et al. >> >> Here was the information that I sent you on Dec. 14th: >> >> COMBINED LAND/OCEAN RESULTS (WITH STANDARD ERRORS ADJUSTED FOR >> TEMPORAL AUTOCORRELATION EFFECTS; SPATIAL AVERAGES OVER 20N-20S; >> ANALYSIS PERIOD 1979 TO 1999) >> >> T2LT tests, RSS observational data: 0 out of 49 model-versus-observed >> trend differences are significant at the 5% level. >> T2LT tests, UAH observational data: 1 out of 49 model-versus-observed >> trend differences are significant at the 5% level. >> >> T2 tests, RSS observational data: 1 out of 49 model-versus-observed >> trend differences are significant at the 5% level. >> T2 tests, UAH observational data: 1 out of 49 model-versus-observed >> trend differences are significant at the 5% level. >> >> In other words, at a stipulated significance level of 5% (for a >> two-tailed test), we rejected the null hypothesis of "No significant >> difference between observed and simulated tropospheric temperature >> trends" in only 1 out of 98 cases (1.02%) for T2LT and 2 out of 98 >> cases (2.04%) for T2. >> >> You asked, John, how we might determine a baseline for judging the >> likelihood of obtaining the 'observed' rejection rate by chance alone. >> You suggested use of a bootstrap procedure involving the model data >> only. In this procedure, one of the 49 20c3m realizations would be >> selected at random, and would constitute the "surrogate observations". >> The remaining 48 members would be randomly sampled (with replacement) >> 49 times. The significance of the difference between the surrogate >> "observed" trend and the 49 simulated trends would then be assessed. >> This procedure would be repeated many times, yielding a distribution >> of rejection rates of the null hypothesis. >> >> As you stated in your email, "The actual number of hits, based on the >> real observations could then be referenced to the Monte Carlo >> distribution to yield a probability that this could have occurred by >> chance." >> >> One slight problem with your suggested bootstrap approach is that it >> convolves the trend differences due to internally-generated >> variability with trend differences arising from inter-model >> differences in both climate sensitivity and in the forcings applied in >> the 20c3m experiment. So the distribution of "hits" (as you call it; >> or "rejection rates" in my terminology) is not the distribution that >> one might expect due to chance alone. >> >> Nevertheless, I thought it would be interesting to generate a >> distribution of "rejection rates" based on model data only. Rather >> than implementing the resampling approach that you suggested, I >> considered all possible combinations of trend pairs involving model >> data, and performed the paired difference test between the trend in >> each 20c3m realization and in each of the other 48 realizations. This >> yields a total of 2352 (49 x 48) non-identical pairs of trend tests >> (for each layer-averaged temperature time series). >> >> Here are the results: >> >> T2: At a stipulated 5% significance level, 58 out of 2352 tests >> involving model data only (2.47%) yielded rejection of the null >> hypothesis of no significant difference in trend. >> >> T2LT: At a stipulated 5% significance level, 32 out of 2352 tests >> involving model data only (1.36%) yielded rejection of the null >> hypothesis of no significant difference in trend. >> >> For both layer-averaged temperatures, these numbers are slightly >> larger than the "observed" rejection rates (2.04% for T2 and 1.02% for >> T2LT). I would conclude from this that the statistical significance of >> the differences between the observed and simulated MSU tropospheric >> temperature trends is comparable to the significance of the >> differences between the simulated 20c3m trends from any two CMIP-3 >> models (with the proviso that the simulated trend differences arise >> not only from internal variability, but also from inter-model >> differences in sensitivity and 20th century forcings). >> >> Since I was curious, I thought it would be fun to do something a >> little closer to what you were advocating, John - i.e., to use model >> data to look at the statistical significance of trend differences that >> are NOT related to inter-model differences in the 20c3m forcings or in >> climate sensitivity. I did this in the following way. For each model >> with multiple 20c3m realizations, I tested each realization against >> all other (non-identical) realizations of that model - e.g., for a >> model with an 20c3m ensemble size of 5, there are 20 paired trend >> tests involving non-identical data. I repeated this procedure for the >> next model with multiple 20c3m realizations, etc., and accumulated >> results. In our CCSP report, we had access to 11 models with multiple >> 20c3m realizations. This yields a total of 124 paired trend tests for >> each layer-averaged temperature time series of interest. >> >> For both T2 and T2LT, NONE of the 124 paired trend tests yielded >> rejection of the null hypothesis of no significant difference in trend >> (at a stipulated 5% significance level). >> >> You wanted to know, John, whether these rejection rates are sensitive >> to the stipulated significance level. As per your suggestion, I also >> calculated rejection rates for a 20% significance level. Below, I've >> tabulated a comparison of the rejection rates for tests with 5% and >> 20% significance levels. The two "rows" of "MODEL-vs-MODEL" results >> correspond to the two cases I've considered above - i.e., tests >> involving 2352 trend pairs (Row 2) and 124 trend pairs (Row 3). Note >> that the "OBSERVED-vs-MODEL" row (Row 1) is the combined number of >> "hits" for 49 tests involving RSS data and 49 tests involving UAH data: >> >> REJECTION RATES FOR STIPULATED 5% SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL: >> Test type No. of tests T2 "Hits" T2LT "Hits" >> >> Row 1. OBSERVED-vs-MODEL 49 x 2 2 (2.04%) 1 (1.02%) >> Row 2. MODEL-vs-MODEL 2352 58 (2.47%) 32 (1.36%) >> Row 3. MODEL-vs-MODEL 124 0 (0.00%) 0 (0.00%) >> >> REJECTION RATES FOR STIPULATED 20% SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL: >> Test type No. of tests T2 "Hits" T2LT "Hits" >> >> Row 1. OBSERVED-vs-MODEL 49 x 2 7 (7.14%) 5 (5.10%) >> Row 2. MODEL-vs-MODEL 2352 176 (7.48%) 100 (4.25%) >> Row 3. MODEL-vs-MODEL 124 8 (6.45%) 6 (4.84%) >> >> So what can we conclude from this? >> >> 1) Irrespective of the stipulated significance level (5% or 20%), the >> differences between the observed and simulated MSU trends are, on >> average, substantially smaller than we might expect if we were >> conducting these tests with trends selected from a purely random >> distribution (i.e., for the "Row 1" results, 2.04 and 1.02% > 7.14% and 5.10% > >> 2) Why are the rejection rates for the "Row 3" results substantially >> lower than 5% and 20%? Shouldn't we expect - if we are only testing >> trend differences between multiple realizations of the same model, >> rather than trend differences between models - to obtain rejection >> rates of roughly 5% for the 5% significance tests and 20% for the 20% >> tests? The answer is clearly "no". The "Row 3" results do not involve >> tests between samples drawn from a population of randomly-distributed >> trends! If we were conducting this paired test using randomly-sampled >> trends from a long control simulation, we would expect (given a >> sufficiently large sample size) to eventually obtain rejection rates >> of 5% and 20%. But our "Row 3" results are based on paired samples >> from individual members of a given model's 20c3m experiment, and thus >> represent both signal (response to the imposed forcing changes) and >> noise - not noise alone. The common signal component makes it more >> difficult to reject the null hypothesis of no significant difference >> in trend. >> >> 3) Your point about sensitivity to the choice of stipulated >> significance level was well-taken. This is obvious by comparing "Row >> 3" results in the 5% and 20% test cases. >> >> 4) In both the 5% and 20% cases, the rejection rate for paired tests >> involving model-versus-observed trend differences ("Row 1") is >> comparable to the rejection rate for tests involving inter-model trend >> differences ("Row 2") arising from the combined effects of differences >> in internal variability, sensitivity, and applied forcings. On >> average, therefore, model versus observed trend differences are not >> noticeably more significant than the trends between any given pair of >> CMIP-3 models. [N.B.: This inference is not entirely justified, since, >> "Row 2" convolves the effects of both inter-model differences and >> "within model" differences arising from the different manifestations >> of natural variability superimposed on the signal. We would need a >> "Row 4", which involves 19 x 18 paired tests of model results, using >> only one 20c3m realization from each model. I'll generate "Row 4" >> tomorrow.] >> >> John, you also suggested that we might want to look at the statistical >> significance of trends in time series of differences - e.g., in O(t) >> minus M(t), or in M1(t) minus M2(t), where "O" denotes observations, >> and "M" denotes model, and t is an index of time in months. While I've >> done this in previous work (for example in the Santer et al. 2000 JGR >> paper, where we were looking at the statistical significance of trend >> differences between multiple observational upper air temperature >> datasets), I don't think it's advisable in this particular case. As >> your email notes, we are dealing here with A/OGCM results in which the >> phasing of El Ninos and La Ninas (and the effects of ENSO variability >> on T2 and T2LT) differs from the phasing in the real world. So >> differencing M(t) from O(t), or M2(t) from M1(t), probably actually >> amplifies rather than damps noise, particularly in the tropics, where >> the externally-forced component of M(t) or O(t) over 1979 to 1999 is >> only a relatively small fraction of the overall variance of the time >> series. I think this amplification of noise is a disadvantage in >> assessing whether trends in O(t) and M(t) are significantly different. >> >> Anyway, thanks again for your comments and suggestions, John. They >> gave me a great opportunity to ignore the hundreds of emails that >> accumulated in my absence, and instead do some science! >> >> With best regards, >> >> Ben >> >> John Lanzante wrote: >>> Ben, >>> >>> Perhaps a resampling test would be appropriate. The tests you have >>> performed >>> consist of pairing an observed time series (UAH or RSS MSU) with each >>> one >>> of 49 GCM times series from your "ensemble of opportunity". Significance >>> of the difference between each pair of obs/GCM trends yields a certain >>> number of "hits". >>> >>> To determine a baseline for judging how likely it would be to obtain the >>> given number of hits one could perform a set of resampling trials by >>> treating one of the ensemble members as a surrogate observation. For >>> each >>> trial, select at random one of the 49 GCM members to be the >>> "observation". >>> >From the remaining 48 members draw a bootstrap sample of 49, and >>> perform >>> 49 tests, yielding a certain number of "hits". Repeat this many times to >>> generate a distribution of "hits". >>> >>> The actual number of hits, based on the real observations could then be >>> referenced to the Monte Carlo distribution to yield a probability >>> that this >>> could have occurred by chance. The basic idea is to see if the observed >>> trend is inconsistent with the GCM ensemble of trends. >>> >>> There are a couple of additional tweaks that could be applied to your >>> method. >>> You are currently computing trends for each of the two time series in >>> the >>> pair and assessing the significance of their differences. Why not first >>> create a difference time series and assess the significance of it's >>> trend? >>> The advantage of this is that you would reduce somewhat the >>> autocorrelation >>> in the time series and hence the effect of the "degrees of freedom" >>> adjustment. Since the GCM runs are based on coupled model runs this >>> differencing would help remove the common externally forced variability, >>> but not internally forced variability, so the adjustment would still be >>> needed. >>> >>> Another tweak would be to alter the significance level used to assess >>> differences in trends. Currently you are using the 5% level, which >>> yields >>> only a small number of hits. If you made this less stringent you >>> would get >>> potentially more weaker hits. But it would all come out in the wash >>> so to >>> speak since the number of hits in the Monte Carlo simulations would >>> increase >>> as well. I suspect that increasing the number of expected hits would >>> make the >>> whole procedure more powerful/efficient in a statistical sense since you >>> would no longer be dealing with a "rare event". In the current >>> scheme, using >>> a 5% level with 49 pairings you have an expected hit rate of 0.05 X >>> 49 = 2.45. >>> For example, if instead you used a 20% significance level you would >>> have an >>> expected hit rate of 0.20 X 49 = 9.8. >>> >>> I hope this helps. >>> >>> On an unrelated matter, I'm wondering a bit about the different >>> versions of >>> Leo's new radiosonde dataset (RAOBCORE). I was surprised to see that the >>> latest version has considerably more tropospheric warming than I >>> recalled >>> from an earlier version that was written up in JCLI in 2007. I have a >>> couple of questions that I'd like to ask Leo. One concern is that if >>> we use >>> the latest version of RAOBCORE is there a paper that we can reference -- >>> if this is not in a peer-reviewed journal is there a paper in >>> submission? >>> The other question is: could you briefly comment on the differences >>> in methodology used to generate the latest version of RAOBCORE as >>> compared to the version used in JCLI 2007, and what/when/where did >>> changes occur to >>> yield a stronger warming trend? >>> >>> Best regards, >>> >>> ______John >>> >>> >>> >>> On Saturday 15 December 2007 12:21 pm, Thomas.R.Karl wrote: >>>> Thanks Ben, >>>> >>>> You have the makings of a nice article. >>>> >>>> I note that we would expect to 10 cases that are significantly >>>> different by chance (based on the 196 tests at the .05 sig level). >>>> You found 3. With appropriately corrected Leopold I suspect you >>>> will find there is indeed stat sig. similar trends incl. >>>> amplification. Setting up the statistical testing should be >>>> interesting with this many combinations. >>>> >>>> Regards, Tom >>> >> >> > > -- > > *Dr. Thomas R. Karl, L.H.D.* > > */Director/*// > > NOAA's National Climatic Data Center > > Veach-Baley Federal Building > > 151 Patton Avenue > > Asheville, NC 28801-5001 > > Tel: (828) 271-4476 > > Fax: (828) 271-4246 > > Thomas.R.Karl@noaa.gov > -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Benjamin D. Santer Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, Mail Stop L-103 Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.A. Tel: (925) 422-2486 FAX: (925) 422-7675 email: santer1@llnl.gov ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


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So you have it on email, this is good. [SigDems] Luis Miranda, Communications Director Democratic National Committee 202-863-8148 – MirandaL@dnc.org - @MiraLuisDC From: Malasky, Mitch Sent: Monday, April 25, 2016 4:15 PM To: Miranda, Luis Subject: SMPTE Conference Here is the info for the conference. If you can let me know by the end of today, Rick can get me a 'scholarship' so we don't have to pay. Thanks! MM ________________________________ Mitch Malasky Media Center Director 202 314 2259 malasky@dnc.org


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At 11:06 AM 9/18/02 -0400, R. A. Hettinga wrote: >Dave Farber's Interesting People list just went over to > It always was, I think. Meng Weng Wong, the founder of pobox, listbox et al was a student of Dave Farber's. Listbox just upgraded its software, however. Udhay -- ((Udhay Shankar N)) ((udhay @ pobox.com)) ((www.digeratus.com))


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Talking Trump, says no one has called him about running for VP. Doesn't know if he's on the list.


Prof. Douglass, You have access to EXACTLY THE SAME radiosonde data that we used in our recently-published paper in the International Journal of Climatology (IJoC). You are perfectly within your rights to verify the calculations we performed with those radiosonde data. You are welcome to do so. We used the IUK radiosonde data (the data mentioned in your email) to calculate zonal-mean temperature changes at different atmospheric levels. You should have no problem in replicating our calculation of zonal means. You can compare your results directly with those displayed in Figure 6 of our paper. You do not need our "numerical quantities" in order to determine whether we have correctly calculated zonal-mean trends, and whether the IUK data show tropospheric amplification of surface temperature changes. Similarly, you should have no problem in replicating our calculation of "synthetic" MSU temperatures from radiosonde data. Algorithms for calculating synthetic MSU temperatures have been published by ourselves and others in the peer-reviewed literature. You have already demonstrated (in your own IJoC paper of 2007) that you are capable of computing synthetic MSU temperatures from climate model output. Furthermore, I note that in your 2007 IJoC paper, you have already successfully replicated our "model average" synthetic MSU temperature trends (which were published in the Karl et al., 2006 CCSP Report). In summary, you have access to the same model and observational data that we used in our 2008 IJoC paper. You have all the information that you require in order to determine whether the conclusions reached in our IJoC paper are sound or unsound. You are quick to threaten your intent to file formal complaints against me "with the journal and other scientific bodies". If I were you, Dr. Douglass, I would instead focus my energies on rectifying the serious error in the "robust statistical test" that you applied to compare modeled and observed temperature trends. I am copying this email to all co-authors of the 2008 Santer et al. IJoC paper, as well as to Professor Glenn McGregor at IJoC. They deserve to be fully apprised of your threat to file formal complaints. Please do not communicate with me in the future. Ben Santer David Douglass wrote: > My request is not unreasonable. It is normal scientific discourse and > should not be a personal matter. > This is a scientific issue. You have published a paper with conclusions > based upon certain specific numerical quantities. As another scientist, > I challenge the value of those quantities. These values can not be > authenticated by my calculating them because I have nothing to compare > them to. > > If you will not give me the values of the IUK data in figure 6 then I > will consider filing a formal complaint with the journal and other > scientific bodies. > > David Douglass ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Benjamin D. Santer Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, Mail Stop L-103 Livermore, CA 94550, U.S.A. Tel: (925) 422-3840 FAX: (925) 422-7675 email: santer1@llnl.gov ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


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The meeting is scheduled at 10am in conf. room 5990. Thanks T.Jae Black East Power Trading Assistant to Kevin Presto off. 713-853-5800 fax 713-646-8272 cell 713-539-4760


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*Official Press Release* HOLLAND 2008 Brian Holland for President American Patriots for Brian Holland www.HOLLAND08.com May 9, 2008 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Eric L Nelson, Spokesperson for the Holland campaign and American Patriots for Brian Holland, issued this statement earlier today on behalf of Brian Holland, candidate for President of the United States. "This is a statement that Brian made personally, and wanted released today" Nelson stated. "This is a situation which we have urged him to address and despite his feelings that it should be ignored and treated for what it is, he has finally agreed to speak on the subject. These are Brian's words, written by him, from his heart, and he has said that this will be the first and only time that this subject will be discussed, inside the campaign or outside." *From the desk of Brian N Holland:* "My friends, supporters, comrades, and fellow fighters in the struggle, I have been fighting this since we began this campaign, but I have finally seen that I need to speak. This will be the only time that I ever address this situation, as I feel that it is a negative, and only hurts our Movement as a whole. When I first joined the NSM some two years ago, I expressed an interest in seeking political office, as I have a strong campaign background as well as a professional background that I feel would make me a viable candidate. Some time later, when I was told by Commander Schoep that another member was going to be running a presidential campaign, I endorsed it fully, and did my duty to support the effort. I saw the candidate not only as a representative of the NSM, but also the only representative of the White race willing to step up and take on the daunting task of a national campaign. It was my duty to support that effort, as any good White man would do. When the unfortunate situation occurred later that saw John Taylor Bowles and the NSM part company, I was torn over the campaign situation. Despite the fact that he was no longer affiliated with the NSM, he was still the only pro White candidate making an effort. I wanted, in my heart, to believe that any candidate was better than no candidate, and often times, that is the case. I contemplated endorsing Taylor personally, I considered working with him on the campaign, for the purpose of advancing the Movement as a whole. It was a decision that weighed heavily on me for quite some time. I spoke with Nick Chappell, who I considered a friend in the Struggle, and I suppose I still do, I don't harbor any ill will toward Nick or Taylor. Nick and I spoke probably 30 times via emails, exchanged phone numbers, etc. Nick, in my estimation, is a capable young man, and I believe that he has a good future in the Movement. I certainly wish him well, as I do Taylor, in all of his endeavors. When the NSM held their annual Nationals in Washington, DC, I was still wrestling with the idea that the Movement needed a candidate, a candidate that would represent the Movement as a whole. There has never been a national candidate that outwardly supported our struggle, and I have long believed that this was the one key ingredient missing in our fight. I speak quite often with many, many members of the NSM and of other organizations around the world. As most of you know, my position within the NSM keeps me in constant contact with those in leadership positions. Many times I was asked why I did not run a campaign of my own and represent the NSM nationally. Many times I smiled and declined, saying that I wasn't the one. Sitting at the banquet that Friday night at NSM's National Meeting, I listened intently to the speakers. No one from the NSM's leadership that spoke that night had a bad thing to say about anyone that had parted ways with the organization. No names were mentioned, no phone numbers given out, no home addresses distributed. The speakers spoke of unity, progress, and moving on despite having some rough times. It was sitting there that night, listening to people who spoke from the heart, that I knew what my decision had to be. The next day I informed Commander Schoep, Jeff, if I may, of my decision. I will speak of him in this context as Jeff because in this situation, he is my friend first, my leader second. I told Jeff that I was willing to take on the task of representing the NSM and the Movement nationally. Despite the backbiting and rudimentary character attacks going on, Jeff did not orchestrate my candidacy to "get even" with Taylor, or to "split the White vote". Jeff Schoep was shocked when I told him that I would do it, but, because he knows what's in my heart, he knew that I meant it. You see, let me say this. Yes, I am endorsed by the NSM, and yes, I am an NSM member. However, just as my friend Jeff believes in his heart, this candidacy, this struggle, this Movement, is not solely about the NSM. It is about the future, it is about survival, it is about America. I serve my heart, I serve my Cause, and Jeff knew when he accepted my offer that I would run this campaign in a way that would benefit as many true believers as possible. If anyone has read my email that was sent out to over 100 pro White organizations, you know that I am offering my campaign's resources to all groups that believe as we believe. The door is open, you don't have to be an NSM member to support this effort. You don't have to be the NSM to benefit from this. This campaign is about what the Movement can get out of it, not what I can get or what my Party can get. The Brian Holland for President Campaign is a real presidential campaign, registered with the Federal Elections Commission, and my name will appear on the ballot on November 4, in ten to fifteen states. I am not a write in candidate, nor am I delusional enough to think that I can become President of the United States in 2008. Granted, it would prove entertaining, but I just don't think it's in the cards. I've been accused of "splitting the White vote" by Taylor and some other folks. Let me address that briefly. Number one, I'm going to be on actual ballots, I will be the ONLY pro White candidate to appear on said ballots. So, no, I am not splitting the vote. On the contrary, anyone who runs a non ballotted campaign would be splitting the vote in that case. Thanks to my years as a mainstream talk radio host, an award winning journalist, and a professional campaign consultant, I exercised my contacts and have actual state organizations in place at this time. We are running this campaign just like any other viable candidate would be running. Now, as I said, I am not delusional nor am I certifiable. I do not believe for an instant that I can win on November 4. Why, then, am I running? Let me answer that briefly as well. I am running to deliver a message that good, hard working, White citizens may not otherwise hear. I am running to assist in the education of America, to assist in the recruitment of fresh blood into the Movement. Do I hope it benefits the NSM? Of course I do, but on the other hand, I hope it benefits us all. I made the statement a few days ago that I still consider Taylor and Nick to be brothers. Now, that's probably contrary to what many of my colleagues would state. However, they are brothers to me, and they are doing what they think is right. I encourage that. If I had my way, there would be 100 of us running a national campaign. That would be 100 people spreading the word, providing education, and working to unite a Movement that needs to be united very desperately. I expect the attacks to continue, I expect to be called an agent of evil, a tool of the establishment, whatever else you call someone when you have nothing better to say. However, keep in mind, the more I am attacked by my own people, the more the enemy knows that they have nothing to worry about. That is not the message that this campaign wants to project, and I would think that it's a message that no true, real pro White representative would want to project. I was told in an email shortly after my announcement that I would be treated like the enemy. That didn't upset me, it saddened me. I have no White enemies within the Movement. We may all be travelling on different paths, but hopefully, we all have the same destination. I will not conduct negative attacks against my White brothers, I whole heartedly refuse. In closing, I have used the word "unity" quite a bit, and it is a theme of this campaign. And I believe in my heart that this Movement, once a force of tens of thousands of Americans, can once again be united to a strong political force. Just as we filled Madison Square Garden with twenty thousand members in the 1920's, I believe with all of my being that we can attain that force again. In saying this, I will tell you now, when my Vice Presidential running mate is announced, it will be someone from outside of the NSM, someone that will carry the banner of our struggle proudly and gallantly, someone who is not a part of the ego game. I will chose wisely, and I hope that together, this campaign and all of White America can move on. Thank you, and I look forward to your continued support."


eBay sent this message Your registered name is included to show this message originated from eBay. Learn more . eBay New Message Received from Seller for Item #230175890457 eBay member echokine has left you a message regarding your item (#230175890457) on Aug-01-2007. Thank you, eBay View the dispute thread Details for item number: 230175890457 Item URL: End date: Monday, Aug 02, 2007 12:30:14 PDT Quantity: 1 Dispute URL: Date dispute was opened: Monday, Mar 12, 2007 11:05:27 PDT Learn how you can protect yourself from spoof (fake) emails at: This eBay notice was sent to you from eBay. Your account is registered on www.ebay.com . As outlined in our User Agreement, eBay will send you required notifications about the site and your transactions. If you would like to receive this email in text format, change your notification preferences . See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement if you have questions about eBay's communication policies. Privacy Policy: User Agreement: Copyright © 2007 eBay, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners. eBay and ! the eBay logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of eBay,! Inc. eBay is located at 2145 Hamilton Avenue, San Jose, CA 95125.


TECHNOLOGY Thursday, Oct. 9, 2014 TOP NEWS AT&T Pays $105M To FTC, FCC, AGs Over Mobile Cramming AT&T Inc. will pay $105 million to settle claims from the Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission and state attorneys general that it hit consumers with unauthorized, third-party charges on their mobile phone bills, a practice known as mobile cramming, officials announced on Wednesday. Google Takes Java Copyright Fight To Supreme Court Google Inc. has asked the U.S. Supreme Court to hear its dispute with Oracle Corp. over copyrights on Java language, arguing that if the appellate ruling in its case is allowed to stand, the software industry would be severely hampered, according to a certiorari petition docketed Wednesday. Minn. Supreme Court OKs $630M Seagate Trade Secret Win Minnesota's Supreme Court upheld a $630 million trade secrets arbitration award Wednesday for hard drive maker Seagate Technology LLC against Western Digital Corp. and a former employee who jumped to the rival company. Nokia Says Leak Docs May Justify More Samsung Sanctions Nokia Corp. urged a California federal judge on Wednesday to force Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. to cough up documents related to Samsung's leak of Nokia patent-license terms in an ongoing patent war with Apple Inc., arguing that those documents may support more sanctions than the $2 million Samsung already must pay. Apple Fights For Samsung Patent Injunction At Fed. Circ. Apple Inc. has asked the Federal Circuit to bar Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. from including features its smartphones that a jury found to infringe Apple's patents, saying a lower court judge used the wrong standard when she refused to issue an injunction. New Patent Suits Drop Off Sharply From Last Year The number of new patent cases filed in federal court dropped by 40 percent this September in comparison with last year, the legal analytics firm Lex Machina reported Wednesday, perhaps demonstrating the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court's recent ruling in Alice Corp. POLICY & REGULATION Google, Facebook Vow To Bolster Efforts To Block NSA Spying Executives from Google Inc., Microsoft Corp. and Facebook Inc. pledged Wednesday to step up encryption efforts and fortify barriers to government surveillance in response to what they described as Congress' inability to put in place robust privacy laws. Commerce Docks Intel Unit For Illegal Encryption Exports The U.S. Department of Commerce on Wednesday slapped an Intel Corp. subsidiary with a $750,000 civil penalty as part of a deal to settle charges that it sold data encryption software to various foreign governments and sanctioned organizations without proper government licensing. Brazil Eyes Fines for Mitsubishi, Others In Electrodes Cartel Brazil's antitrust watchdog on Tuesday accused eight manufacturers of organizing a cartel in the international graphite electrodes market, following other nations that have hit some of the same companies with fines for anti-competitive agreements during the 1990s. IBM, Oracle Prod Congress To Clarify FDA's Health IT Powers Fifty-eight groups and companies, including IBM Corp. and Oracle Corp., on Monday urged Congress to enact legislation by year's end that eliminates uncertainty over which health information technology is and is not subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration oversight. LITIGATION Brocade Fights Claim It Stole Tech Trade Secrets For Patent Brocade Communication Systems Inc. urged a California federal judge on Wednesday to axe Next Generation Systems Inc.'s claim that Brocade stole NGS' proprietary information and used it to file a similar networking patent, arguing that NGS' trade secret claim fails because NGS disclosed the supposed secret in its own patent. Google Says Wallet User's Latest Privacy Suit Still Fails Google Inc. asked a California federal judge to throw out an amended putative class action alleging the tech giant breached user contracts by giving consumer data from Google Wallet users to third-party app developers, saying Tuesday that there is no significant difference from the dismissed, original complaint. DEALS Activist Elliott Urges EMC To Split Units, Pursue Deals Activist hedge fund Elliott Management Corp. on Wednesday took a firmer stance on its biggest tech buy-in to date, pressing $57 billion tech giant EMC Corp. to split apart its operations and consider selling off assets as a gateway to new value. EXPERT ANALYSIS Wearable Health Industry Has To Be Proactive On Privacy The vast bulk of medical information collected by wearable technology is not subject to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act protections. Accordingly, consumers, developers, businesses and manufacturers are in uncharted waters, says Karen Bromberg of Cohen & Gresser LLP. Methodologies For Calculating FRAND Damages: Part 1 Several federal courts have ruled on the appropriate methodology for calculating a royalty rate or damages on a standard-essential patent licensed on fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms. While some common principles have emerged, these decisions are far from providing a consensus on FRAND licensing, say Anne Layne-Farrar of Charles River Associates and Koren Wong-Ervin, counsel at the Federal Trade Commission. LEGAL INDUSTRY 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Associates When partners need an associate on a high-profile deal or case, they look for attorneys that have consistently proven their snuff on routine matters. From honing impeccable organizational skills to researching the technical capabilities of courtrooms, here are seven habits associates should form to become in-demand members of the team. BigLaw Putting More Cash In Piggy Bank After Firm Failures An increasing number of BigLaw firms this year socked away cash and relied less on bank debt to pay their bills in an effort to not repeat the mistakes of firms sunk by debt, according to a recent bank survey and firm finance experts. Firms Can't Bill For Transitioning Work In A Sale, ABA Says The American Bar Association on Wednesday issued a formal opinion clarifying guidelines on the sale of a law practice and explicitly barred lawyers on both sides of a sale from billing for time spent transitioning client work. Veteran Judge Confirmed To Del. Supreme Court Long-serving jurist James T. Vaughn Jr., head of the Delaware Superior Court for the past decade, is set to join the First State's top judicial body after the state Senate unanimously confirmed his nomination to the Delaware Supreme Court on Wednesday. Pro Bono Firm Of 2014: Hughes Hubbard A pair of historic immigration victories for gay couples highlighted a banner year of service for Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP, earning the firm a spot on Law360's list of top pro bono firms. Titan Of The Plaintiffs Bar: Ben Barnow Thirty years ago, the firm now known as Barnow and Associates PC defended corporations. Today, it's a plaintiffs class action outfit known for winning big-time antitrust and data breach settlements from Microsoft Corp., Bank of America Corp. and other companies, thanks in large part to one man: Ben Barnow. JOBS Search full listings or advertise your job opening IP Licensing Attorney (eBay, Inc.) eBay, Inc San Jose, California Intellectual Property Litigation Attorney Greenberg Traurig East Palo Alto, California Patent Attorney Apple, Inc. Cupertino, California Patent Attorney Apple, Inc. Cupertino, California Organizations In The News COMPANIES AT&T Inc. Alcatel-Lucent Altman Weil Inc. American Bar Association Apple Inc. Bank of America Corporation Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. Burson-Marsteller Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. Citigroup Inc. Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Org. D-Link Corporation EMC Corporation Facebook Fujifilm Google Inc. Graftech International, Ltd. Hewlett Packard Co. Home Depot, Inc. Intel Corporation International Business Machines Corporation LM Ericsson Telephone Company LSI Corporation McKesson Corporation Microsoft Corporation Mitsubishi Corp. Motorola Mobility LLC Nokia Corporation Oracle Corporation PayPal Inc. Riverbed Technology, Inc. Samsung Electronics Seagate Technology T-Mobile USA Inc. Target Corporation U.S. Chamber of Commerce Wells Fargo & Co. Western Digital Corporation Wi-LAN Inc. Wind River Systems Inc. Xerox Corporation eBay Inc. LAW FIRMS Alston & Bird Arnold & Porter Bassford Remele Beirne Maynard Bowman and Brooke Cohen & Gresser Dentons Dewey & LeBoeuf Diemer Whitman Durie Tangri Epstein Becker Green Gardere Wynne Goulston & Storrs Greene Espel Hogan Lovells Hughes Hubbard K&L Gates Keker & Van Nest Kirkland & Ellis LeClairRyan Morrison & Foerster Orrick Herrington Perkins Coie Pillsbury Winthrop Quinn Emanuel Reed Smith Robbins Geller Schmittinger & Rodriguez Sidley Austin Skadden Weil Gotshal WilmerHale Windels Marx GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Bureau of Industry and Security Department of Commerce Federal Communications Commission Federal Trade Commission Food and Drug Administration International Trade Commission National Security Agency Peace Corps Securities and Exchange Commission U.S. Department of Justice U.S. Supreme Court ORGANIZATIONS IN THE NEWS COMPANIES Apple Inc. Google Inc. Microsoft Corporation Oracle Corporation Samsung Electronics AT&T Inc. Alcatel-Lucent Altman Weil Inc. American Bar Association Bank of America Corporation Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. Burson-Marsteller Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. Citigroup Inc. Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Org. D-Link Corporation EMC Corporation Facebook Fujifilm Graftech International, Ltd. Hewlett Packard Co. Home Depot, Inc. Intel Corporation International Business Machines Corporation LM Ericsson Telephone Company LSI Corporation McKesson Corporation Mitsubishi Corp. Motorola Mobility LLC Nokia Corporation PayPal Inc. Riverbed Technology, Inc. Seagate Technology T-Mobile USA Inc. Target Corporation U.S. Chamber of Commerce Wells Fargo & Co. Western Digital Corporation Wi-LAN Inc. Wind River Systems Inc. Xerox Corporation eBay Inc. LAW FIRMS Morrison & Foerster Orrick Herrington Quinn Emanuel WilmerHale Alston & Bird Arnold & Porter Bassford Remele Beirne Maynard Bowman and Brooke Cohen & Gresser Dentons Dewey & LeBoeuf Diemer Whitman Durie Tangri Epstein Becker Green Gardere Wynne Goulston & Storrs Greene Espel Hogan Lovells Hughes Hubbard K&L Gates Keker & Van Nest Kirkland & Ellis LeClairRyan Perkins Coie Pillsbury Winthrop Reed Smith Robbins Geller Schmittinger & Rodriguez Sidley Austin Skadden Weil Gotshal Windels Marx GOVERNMENT AGENCIES U.S. Supreme Court Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Industry and Security Department of Commerce Federal Communications Commission Food and Drug Administration International Trade Commission National Security Agency Peace Corps Securities and Exchange Commission U.S. Department of Justice JOBS Search full listings or advertise your job opening IP Licensing Attorney (eBay, Inc.) eBay, Inc San Jose, California Intellectual Property Litigation Attorney Greenberg Traurig East Palo Alto, California Patent Attorney Apple, Inc. Cupertino, California Patent Attorney Apple, Inc. Cupertino, California Not sure if your firm subscribes? Ask your librarian.We hope you found this message to be useful. However, if you'd rather not receive future e-mails of this sort, you may unsubscribe here.Law360 | Portfolio Media, Inc, 860 Broadway, New York, New York 10003


Hello. Did you still want to do the interview. I just wanted to do it anytime before election.


20020719 Lockergnome Windows Daily 07.19.2002 GnomeREPORT WE NEED YOU TO BE AT GNOMEDEX! That's what your employer should be telling you. Microsoft Pocket PC experts will be sharing tips on improving workplace productivity with portable devices. Combined with Proxim's on location wireless networking solutions, a Pocket PC can keep you and your co-workers communicating no matter where you are in the building. Learn how to bring Wi-FI and PDA technologies together for the ultimate in portable computing. Register for Gnomedex today! I had just finished giving Ben and his sister a "behind the scenes" look at our set, when Patrick walked in and poked me in the left arm repeatedly with his index finger - until I hung up the phone and gave him my full, undivided attention. "Did you know that your GnomeTomes are being featured in the 'Barnes & Noble' eBooks section," he asked. Well, that was news to me. After flailing over to his workstation and flipping through a few pages, we ultimately realized that he had discovered the entry on the main page for Amazon's eBooks. Cool! "With a name that inspires curiosity and sparks the imagination, Lockergnome represents one of the latest and most popular additions to our e-documents catalog. At prices starting under $3, these eminently useful titles from one of the most fanciful-sounding publishers we've encountered are hard to resist." Thank you for helping us along, gang. My ultimate goal is to kick that Godin guy out of the top ten - if only for a day. PC World Picks Remove Plus! 2002 Ashampoo UnInstaller Norton Uninstall Dlx Perfect Companion Uninstall Manager Remove 4Good Eraser 2000 I must now thank both Lockergnomie Dan Reain and Nancy Workman-Luter (both from Sonic Foundry) for donating a couple more prizes for this year's Gnomedex conference. Just by walking through the entrance with your pass in hand, you'll be automatically entered to win one of the copies of Sound Forge XP! And this software is no slouch; for home users and professionals on a Windows OS, it's one of the best audio editors around. If it can't do something you need to have done, then I bet it can't be done at all. Expect a full Lockergnome review from our Digital Media editor (Jake) at some point in the future. Until then, feel free to download the demo. If I can ever decide on a digital video camera, perhaps their Vegas Video will sit on my system, too. Melanie and I were talking about hardware options the other day. She's leaning towards a Canon, too. Unless I hear or see otherwise, the ZR45MC is at the top of my list. Still and low-light images aren't the best, but I'm not really up for spending much more than $1000. Neither is Gretchen, oddly enough. As much as I dislike the AOL client user interface, I gotta admit: it's pretty darn powerful underneath. For instance, you can "unsend" an e-mail message (but only if it was sent to another America Online member and s/he hasn't read it yet). If you travel often, the service is a bargain. If you know someone who just needs the Internet basics, it's perfect. One caveat: the software puts RealPlayer on your system without asking you first. I was a little upset when I discovered its icon sitting in my Start Menu. Nowhere during the installation process did I see a way to opt out of it. I'm not surprised; there are more advertisements on AOL than there are from your average "free" Web page host. You may have asked yourself: "What is Chris doing installing AOL in the first place?!" I don't blame you. No, hell did not freeze over. We've been doing tips for their users on our show lately, and I decided to throw it on my laptop for testing purposes. Perhaps 8.0 will be better? See You in August, Chris Pirillo GnomeDOWNLOADS SEPopular v1.02 [2.4M] W9x/2k/XP FREE {Popularity contest} I never considered myself to be part of the popular crowd. But how do you really know if others consider you to be popular? Well, if you are talking about the popularity of your website (although the junior high kids are more concerned about the labels on your clothes), then all you have to do is download SEPopular. Search engines (such as Google) rank your site by determining how many people link to your site (the more people who link to your site, the better your ranking). With this investigative tool, you can see how many links to your website there are (from the perspective of five major search engines). You don't just have to check out your own website, though... all you have to do is enter the URL of a website, and out comes the TRUTH about its popularity. Another nice feature of this software is that you can import web addresses from a .txt file so that you don't have to enter each one individually. It's all about keeping up with thejoneses.com. MB-Ruler v0.93 [441k] W9x/2k/XP FREE {Measure distance and angles} I was never very good in geometry... Pythagoras would be disappointed that I can never exactly remember his theorem. (What did a hippopotamus have to do with triangles anyway? That animal seems to be pretty round if you ask me...) Anyway, MB-Ruler is quite a useful little application, especially for anyone who has had to work with banners and graphics for the Web. You can measure angles in radians or degrees, and distances in inches, centimeters, twips, points or pixels. And if those weren't enough options, you can even set your own scale. Everything about MB-Ruler can be customized, including its size and color. Talk about an application that "measures up!" Recommend It! GnomeCLICKS GnomeSYSTEM Your Outlook Express Password Is Not Retained {Fixing password problems} Now where did I put that password? I thought I had Outlook Express keeping track of it for me... If you use Outlook Express (for Windows 2000 or Windows XP) to check your e-mail, then this article is for you. Occasionally your password for Outlook Express is not retained, even though you have checked the "Remember Password" checkbox. To fix this particular issue, you will need Administrator privileges in order to make some modifications to your system's registry. The article contains steps for backing up your registry and, since you can cause a lot of accidental damage while tweaking the registry... I would recommend that you follow them. Recommend It! GnomeWILDCARD Screen Mate Builder v1.0b [927k] W9x/2k/XP US$29 Unearthed by Duo Yi {Animated desktop pal} Bored with your PC's desktop? All it does is sit there and stare at you, never saying a word. It sounds like you need a little something to pump some life into that desktop! With Screen Mate Builder, you can make your very own animated screen mate from any animated GIF file. On top of that, you can add background music (MIDI files) and sound clips (WAV files) to your new desktop chum. Share your creation with friends and family: trust me, it's better that they know, and don't think you just have an imaginary friend. No programming experience required - just step through the wizard and out pops your very own screen mate. Can't beat those instant buddies! Submit Your Thoughts | Recommend It! CHRIS TEACHES THE BASICS: If you've got friends or family who want to learn more about their PC, from a guy who makes things nice and easy, check out the VHS release of Computer Basics in the GnomeSTORE. Chris teams with TechTV cohort, Kate Botello, to lead novices on a journey through their computer. From basic interactions, to installing apps, to using the Internet and e-mail, Chris and Kate have all the basics covered. Help out a friend and get them a copy today. GnomeFAVORITE Re-route E-mail Forwarding Service Soon, it will be time for us to fill out the change of address cards as we relocate to a different area of the city. You probably knew that your snail mail could be forwarded, but what about your e-mail? Back in the days of college e-mail accounts, every time I changed ISPs I had to send a mass e-mail to my contacts and hope they saved my new address, otherwise I could miss out on getting their correspondence. The great thing about Re-Route's service is that I don't have to worry about lost e-mails after changing ISPs. Sign up for the service, and they will take any e-mail sent to your old account and forward it to your new e-mail address. After that, Re-Route e-mails the sender to notify them of your new address. If you are with AOL, MSN, or any of their featured partners, then the first month is free. If not, then Re-Route charges a very nominal fee of ten bucks for the one month and twenty-five bucks for 3 months. Have someone else handle all my changing e-mail address need! s? Sounds like money well spent! Recommend It! GnomeTIP Just because it is summer and bright out doesn't mean that you should stop using your flash on your digital camera. Bright sunlight creates harsh shadows that may cause you to lose detail. Don't you hate those pictures where you can only see half of someone's face because the other half is black from a shadow? Well, the cure is in front of you... use your flash during the daytime to throw a little light into those shadows. Some cameras allow you to adjust how much flash is used, also known as flash exposure compensation. If you can adjust the output of your flash, then try it at the lowest setting first. Remember, you don't want to completely get rid of the shadows because they add depth to your photo. Keep increasing your flash output until you get your desired results. Also, as an extra tip, don't forget that you can conserve battery life on your digital camera by turning on the autofocus option and turning off the LCD display. Recommend It! Your subscribed e-mail address is: [qqqqqqqqqq-lg@example.com] - To unsubscribe or change your delivery address, please visit the subscription management page. For further information, please refer to the GnomeCREDITS in the sidebar. LOOK OVER HERE Download Our Tip Files Latest Windows Daily Latest Digital Media Latest Tech Specialist Latest Penguin Shell Latest Apple Core Latest Web Weekly Latest Bits & Bytes Find the Lowest Price Suggest a Feature Advertise With Us The GnomeSTORE High-Tech Job Search Chat With Gnomies Watch The Webcams Computer Power User Read Past Issues Download X-Setup About Lockergnome Our Privacy Policy View More Options Our XML / RSS Feed Syndicate Our Tips Link To Lockergnome Get Chris's Book Tell a Friend About Us! General Feedback E-mail the Editor The Editor's Blog SEARCH GNOMESPECIALS Manage Your Workgroup Form Pilot Say the Time 5.0 Boomer - Stream Now Create Web/CD catalog Easy Web Editor Kleptomania Tag&Rename Pretty Good Solitaire Visualize Color Combos FirstStop WebSearch Ecobuilder Book Collector Get Listed Here Question: which group is 250,000+ strong and always looking for stuff to make their personal and professional lives run smoother? HAPPY FUN STUFF And now, we see how Sprocket thinks he has a right to eat pumpkin seeds. Or, would that be "pupkin" seeds? Not for the Puppy CLICK HERE TO ZOOM BYTE ME NOW ©2002, Lockergnome LLC. ISSN: 1095-3965. All Rights Reserved. Please read our Terms of Service. Our Web site is hosted by DigitalDaze. Domain registered at DNS Central. The way to kill competition is to create something too good for competition to imitate.


Reminder that tonight is a makeup game with the Scorpians.....The team should wear their game jerseys! The game starts at 6:30pm Thanks, Glenda or Coach Farley


Dear Keith! I contacted Hakan Grudd last week. He is also positive about a Ph.D. for me in Stockholm. I have tried to make a formulation of a project. Please, read it and let me know what you think. Maybe the project is overlapping with that of Grudd or maybe you have better ideas. It could also be that I have misunderstood some points. I have sent the project formulation to Schweingruber, Grudd and Kalen. I send it to Schweingruber because I already contacted him last week (before I got the message from you). He is also interested in the project and anyway he will get involved if I am going to train in Birmensdorf. Best regards from: Gerner Thomsen Description of project 1. Background Dendroclimatology can be defined as the use of tree rings to study and reconstruct past and present climate (Kaennel & Schweingruber, 1995). Global average surface temperatures have risen by 0.3-0.6 °C since the middle of the 19th century (Folland et al., 1990). Climatologists seek to establish the extent to which this rise may be attributable to an enhanced greenhouse effect and so need to distinguish anthropogenic from 'natural' climate fluctuations (those that would occur without anthropogenic influences) to help them make predictions of future climate changes (Briffa et al., 1996a). Clearly the century-long instrumental record is not long enough to accomplish this. Paleoclimatic fluctuations older than meteorological measurements can be inferred from a variety of data sources, including tree rings, records of vegetation processes (e.g. pollen in lake sediments), records of ice layer in ice cores, historical records, etc. (Eddy, 1992). However, within a time frame of the last two millennia dendroclimatology has shown to be the most powerful tool available to provide globally distributed, annually resolved paleoenvironmental records (Luckman, 1996). The growing influence of dendroclimatology in paleoenvironmental studies can be seen in the fact that almost a third of Bradley and Jones' volume Climate since AD 1500 (Bradley & Jones, 1992) deals with dendrochronology and dendroclimatic reconstruction. Near the polar and altitudinal tree lines, tree growth is mainly dependent on summer temperature. As northern latitudes are regarded as being strongly affected by global climate changes, a network of chronologies is established along the polar tree-line in Eurasia (Briffa et al., 1996b). At specific locations in these northern high-latitude regions it is possible to extend the tree-growth record back beyond the life span of living trees by amalgamating the measurements from overlapping, absolutely-dated series of measurements made on dead wood from historical or archeological provenances or naturally surviving above ground, in peat or alluvial sediments, or preserved in lakes. The first pair of (ring-width and density) chronologies, made up from samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at several locations adjacent to Lake Torneträsk, northern Sweden, have been used to reconstruct summer (April-August) temperatures representing a large region of northern Fennoscandia from AD 500 to 1980 (Briffa et al., 1990, 1992). The Fennoscandian temperature records show that marked high-frequency (interannual-to-century) timescale variability together with marked long-timescale (multicentury) variations in summer temperatures have been a characteristic feature in this region during the last millennium. Similar data from samples of larch (Larix sibirica) on the eastern slopes of the northern Urals have been used to reconstruct regional summer (May-September) temperatures representing a region of north-western Siberia for the period 914 to 1990 (Briffa et al., 1995b). As a part of developing the north Eurasian chronology network, two projects currently underway aim to build continuous multimillennial pine ring-width chronologies in northern Sweden and Finland, spanning 7000-8000 years (Briffa et al., 1995a). In Russia a similar project underway aim to build larch ring-width chronologies in Yamal Peninsula, also spanning 7000-8000 years (Shiyatov, 1997). The application of radiodensitometry in the analysis of conifer rings throughout Europe (Schweingruber, 1985) show the considerable amount of additional information lying in density, as compared with total ring width. Obviously, external factors have a more uniform influence on cell wall growth in latewood (density) than on cambial activity (ring-widths). In trees of the northern and subalpine timberlines, maximum latewood density is essentially a measure of mean summer temperature (ibid.). 2. Purpose of this study 2.1. Main objective The main objective of this study is to provide additional information for a more precise climate reconstruction based on the already existing Torneträsk-chronology in northern Sweden (AD 500 to 1980) and a future supra-long chronology (BC 7000 to 1996), based on ring-widths and maximum latewood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the same area. 2.2. Elaboration of the main objective One of the most fundamental underlying principles in dendroclimatology is the assumption of uniformitarianism in the response of data to climate forcing. The uniformitarian principle implies that "the physical and biological processes which link today's climate with today's variations in tree growth must have been in operation in the past" (Fritts, 1976). However, it is a moot point whether the assumption of uniformitarianism holds when past climate variations are inferred from long chronologies. The problem arises because the extrapolation always is based on a regression model calibrated on very short meteorological records. Long chronologies, as those seen in northern Scandinavia and Siberia, are made up from trees of different ages growing under more or less uniform conditions. In such chronologies there must always be uncertainty regarding the long-term stability of (non-climate) environmental influences or differing climate sensivity due to the inhomogeneity in the sampled material (Briffa, 1995a, Briffa et al., 1996a). The climate signals in chronologies may, to some extent, be affected by: 1. Inhomogeneity in the site characteristics of the samples (soil fertility, water holding capacity of the soil, altitude, exposure of slope, etc.) 2. Inhomogeneity in series length of samples (tree age) 3. Inhomogeneity in tree growth form and population density of samples 4. Anthropogenic influence (nitrogen deposition, raise in CO2 level) producing enhanced tree growth in the recent part of the chronology 5. Series replication in the chronology 6. The technique used to remove the non-climatic, age-related bias in individual series (a technique known as standardization in dendroclimatology) This study will focus on the influence of point 1-3 on the climate signal seen in densities of Scots pine from the area of Torneträsk in northern Sweden. It is well-known that the Torneträsk-chronology is subject to the inhomogenity in samples described in point 1-3, but it is not clear to what extension these inhomogenities affect the climate signal in the chronology. Thus, a study of the influence of inhomogenity in the samples will provide valuable additional information for a more precise interpretation of the summer-temperature record inferred from the already existing Torneträsk-chronology. In the same way it will highly increase the value and confidence of climate reconstructions from future supra-long pine-chronologies in this region. The growth parameter under investigation is maximum latewood density. In this way the study will complement an ongoing similar study on ring-widths of Scots pine from the same region (Grudd, 1998). 2.3. Partial objectives of the study and publications Methodologically, the project can be divided into three, but overlapping stages: 1. Building of density pine-chronologies around Torneträsk from different sites. Various site conditions (mainly soil fertility, water holding capacity of the soil, altitude, and tree population density) and different age classes must be taken into consideration. No less than 10-12 chronologies must be estimated. 2. Analysis of climate-growth relationships of the pine-chronologies, focusing on differences between high-frequency and low-frequency variability in the climate date. The results are compared and conclusions are drawn about the diversity of climate signal seen in density-chronologies from Scots pine growing under various conditions in the area around Torneträsk. 3. Re-interpretation of the already existing Torneträsk-chronology on the basis of the new information provided by the study in case and the ongoing similar study of ring-widths from the same region (Grudd, 1998) The results are published in three articles with the following provisional titles: a) "Site-induced differences in climate-growth response of Pinus sylvestris L." (The article focuses on differences in climate-growth response for trees growing on different soil types and for trees from stands with different population density) b) "Altitude and age as parameters of climate-growth response in Pinus sylvestris L." (The article focuses on differences in climate-growth response for trees growing at different altitudes and trees in different age-classes ) c) "Possible site-induced changes in the climate-growth response of the 1,400 year tree-ring chronology from northern Fennoscandia" (A re-interpretation of the existing Torneträsk-chronology is made on the basis of the new information) 3. Methods 3.1. Sampling strategy 3.1.1. Selection of sites and stands As already pointed out, various site conditions and different age classes must be taken into consideration. Site homogeneity largely determines the quality of the chronology. That is, the factor under investigation which is assumed to affect the climate-growth response must be constant all over the site, and other possible affecting factors are minimised. It is important that the stand have not been similarly damaged by fires, wind, or other catastrophic factors to extract reliable climatic information. Site characteristics will be noted (typography/geomorphology, soil conditions, vegetation description, signs of human impact, etc.). 3.1.2. Selection of trees Trees should be in a dominant position (with the possible exception of stand density studies), without irregular growth which probably disturb the climate signal in the tree-rings. Individual variability in the final chronology decreases with an increasing number of samples. Consequently, two cores from at least 12 living trees are necessary to obtain a site-chronology of sufficient quality. It is best to sample a few more trees than necessary so that anomalous cores may be discarded. Trees of different age classes will be cored to allow for systematical studies on age-related bias in the climate-growth response. Samples are taken at breast height with an increment borer. The cores are stored in air-dry conditions after labelling with a pencil. Growth irregularities (compression wood, wound tissue, etc.) are excluded by avoiding sampling in the vicinity of wound and of upslope and downslope sides of trees growing on sloping ground. Cores are taken as nearly perpendicular to the fibre orientation as possible. This can greatly reduce the variability owing to technical processing in densitometric studies (Schweingruber et al., 1990). Core characteristics will be noted (tree height, stem diameter at breast height, crown size and condition, injuries and irregular growth, coring direction and height, etc.). Sites and trees will be documented photographically. 3.2.Sample preparation, measurement, and chronology building 3.2.1. Preparation Resins and heartwood substances must be chemically removed as they will influence on the X-ray absorption (Schweingruber, 1990). This is done through distillation in Soxhlett device; resins are extracted with alcohol, heartwood substances with water. After removal of resins and heartwood substances, laths of equal thickness have to be cut from the round cores. The Birmensdorf system may be used where the core is glued to a wooden support with the radial surface uppermost and a 1.25-mm-thick lath cut out with a small twin-bladed circular saw. To obtain comparable density values, the moisture content of the wood must be kept constant. 3.2.2. Measurement of density The irradiation of film can be done with different methods. Two methods, which have proved to be useful are: 1. Irradiation of a film (Kodak, Type R, single-coated industrial X-ray film) resting on the moving stage. The film is transported at five cm/min under the radiation source, which is 31 cm above, and irradiated at 20kVh and 2mA (Vancouver system) 2. Irradiation of a film (Kodak, Type X-Omat TL, double coated medical X-ray film) resting on a stationary stage at 11 kVh and 20 mA for 90 min. The source is 250 cm above the film (Nancy system) The film is developed and the different gray levels produced on the radiograph by the wood samples are converted to wood density values. The basic instrument used is the densitometer (ibid). Analog or digital processing of the actual measurements produces a density profile from which the desired parameter (maximum density) is registered. 3.2.3. Dating and chronology building For dating, chronology building and quality control, the program COFECHA (Holmes et al., 1986) may be used. In addition a manual dating control has to be done at the light table or monitor, comparing each curve with an existing master chronology. The procedure ensures precise dating of every tree ring. 3.3. Data processing 3.3.1. Standardization of tree-ring data Before averaging tree-ring curves to mean chronologies which shall be used for dendroclimatological purposes, the raw values must be standardized to index values. In the same process, one has to remove the natural age trend of trees and eventual density variations caused by stand dynamics, and not representing climate. Also in this process, it is crucial to control the effect of detrending at the light table or on the monitor, comparing the original with the detrended curve. Much depends from this process, as the dendrochronologist here decides which portion of low frequency variation that is removed from the series. This in turn affects climate information inferred from the chronology. Therefore, several detrending methods have to be tested in this study. 3.3.2. Computing climate-growth response Climate-growth models will be computed for all individual chronologies. The period selected for climate-growth modelling, is the period for which climate data are available (the earliest series start in AD ??). Different techniques are existing for estimation of the climate-growth response. For example, simple correlation analysis may be used or a regression-technique based on principal component analysis. It may be relevant to detect non-linear relationships between climate variables and ring growth, as well as to study single years with special tree-ring (pointer years) and climate events. To detect changes in climate-response over time the Kalman filter can be used. 4. Time schedule The project will be performed during three years (June 1998 to June 2001). The Ph.D. student will follow courses corresponding to 40 weeks of studies. >From earlier working, the following assumptions regarding time consume for field work and measuring can be made: It can take a number of days to become familiar with the localities and to find the most suitable pine stands. At each site, one to two days are needed for sampling and site description, provided that the pines do not stand too scattered, and long walking distances can be avoided. Time for measuring and chronology building should be estimated rather high (2-3 weeks per site). 1998: Summer: Preparing of a detailed sampling strategy for the whole project (2 weeks) and field work (6 weeks). The field work will focus on sampling of trees from about six sites with varying conditions (soil fertility and water holding capacity). Autumn semester: Training in use of densitometry equipment at the institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape in Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Measurement of samples collected in the summer. 1999: Spring semester: Continued measuring of samples at the university in Stockholm. Systematical analysis of standardization methods and construction of six site chronologies. Start of analysing climate-growth response in chronologies. Summer: Field work (6 weeks) which will put focus on sampling trees from about six sites in different altitudes and with different stand densities. Autumn semester: Measuring of the summer's material at the university in Stockholm. Systematical analysis of standardization methods and construction of six new site chronologies. Analysing climate-growth response in chronologies. 2000: Spring semester: Analysing climate-growth response in all chronologies. Preparation of publication (a). Autumn semester: Analysing age-related climate-response. Preparation of publication (b). Comparison of results with similar study on ring-widths (Grudd, 1998). 2001: Spring semester: Last statistics, preparation of publication (c), preparation of disputation. Bibliography Bradley & Jones, (1992). Climate since A.D. 1500. London: Routledge, 678 pp. Briffa, K.R., Bartholin, T.S., Eckstein, D., Jones, P.D., Karlén, W., Schweingruber, F.H. & Zetterberg, P. (1990). A 1,400-year tree-ring record of summer temperatures in Fennoscandia. Nature. 346: 434-439. Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Bartholin, T.S., Eckstein, D., Schweingruber, F.H., Karlén, W., Zetterberg, P. & Eronen, M. (1992). Fennoscandian summers from A.D. 500: Temperature changes on short and long timescales. Climate Dynamics. 7: 111-119. Briffa, K.R. (1995). Interpreting High-Resolution Proxy Climate Data - The Example of Dendroclimatology. In: Storch, H.v., Navarra, A. (Eds), Analysis of Climate Variability: Applications of Statistical Techniques: Proceedings, Elba, oct-nov, 1993. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: pp. 77-94. Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Schweingruber, F.H., Karlén, W., Bartholin, T.S., Shiyatov, S.G., Vaganov, E.A., Zetterberg, P. & Eronen, M. (1995a). Regional temperature patterns across Northern Eurasia: tree-ring reconstructions over centuries and millennia. In: Heikinheimo, P. (Ed).Proceedings, International Conference on Past, Present and Future Climate. Academy of Finland (Suomen akatemian julkaisuja) no. 6, pp. 115-118. Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Schweingruber, F.H., Shiyatov, S.G. & Cook, E.R. (1995b). Unusual twentieth-century summer warmth in a 1,000-year temperature record from Siberia. Nature. 376: 156-159. Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Schweingruber, F.H., Karlén, W. & Shiyatov, S.G. (1996a). Tree-ring variables as proxy-indicators: Problems with low-frequency signals. In: Jones, P.D., Bradley, R.S., Jouzel, J. (Eds), Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years. NATO ASI Series. Series I: Global Environmental Change. Vol. 41. pp. 9-41. Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Schweingruber, F.H., Shiyatov, S.G. & Vaganov, E.A. (1996b). Development of a North Eurasian chronology network: Rationale and preliminary results of comparative ring-width and densitometric analysis in northern Russia. In: Dean, J.S., Meko, D.M., Swetnam, T.W. (Eds), Tree Rings, Environment, and Humanity. Proceedings of the International Conference, Tucson, Arizona, 17-21 May 1994. RADIOCARBON. Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, pp. 25-41. Eddy, J.A. (1992). Global IGBP Change. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Report no. 19. 110 pp. Folland, C.K., Karl, T.R. & Vinnikov, K.Y. (1990). Observed Climate Variations and Change. In: Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J., Ephraums, J.J. (Eds), Climate Change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: pp. 194-238. Fritts, (1976). Tree Rings and Climate. First ed. London: Academic Press, 567 pp. Grudd, H. (1998). Personal communication: Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm. Holmes et al., (1986). Tree-Ring Chronologies of Western North America: California, Eastern Oregon and Northern Great Basin with Procedures used in Chronology Department Work Including Users Manuals for Computer Programs COFECHA and ARSTAN. Chronology Series VI. Tucson, Arizona: Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Kaennel & Schweingruber, (1995). Multilingual Glossary of Dendrochronology. Bern, Switzerland: Paul Haupt Publishers, 467 pp. Luckman, B.H. (1996). Dendrochronology and global change. In: Dean, J.S., Meko, D.M., Swetnam, T.W. (Eds), Tree Rings, Environment, and Humanity. Proceedings of the International Conference, Tucson, Arizona, 17-21 May 1994. RADIOCARBON. Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, pp. 3-24. Schweingruber, F.H. (1985). Dendro-ecological zones in the coniferous forests of Europe. Dendrochronologia. 3: 67-75. Schweingruber, F.H. (1990). Radiodensitometry. In: Cook, E.R., Kairiukstis, L.A. (Eds), Methods of Dendrochronology: Applications in the Environmental Sciences. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: pp. 55-63. Schweingruber, F.H., Kairiukstis, L.A. & Shiyatov, S.G. (1990). Sample Selection. In: Cook, E.R., Kairiukstis, L.A. (Eds), Methods of Dendrochronology: Applications in the Environmental Sciences. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: pp. 23-35. Shiyatov, S.G. (1997). Personal communication: Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Laboratory of dendrochronology, 8 Marta 202, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Gerner Thomsen Marathonvej 21, 1. door 5 2300 Copenhagen S Denmark Tel: (+45) 3159 6095 Fax: (+45) 3155 9409 E-mail: gerner@get2net.dk <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<


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