It is calculated as the difference between the nominal yield on a standard bond and the real yield on an inflation index-linked bond, issued by the same issuer and with similar maturity. (2) Issued by the French Government linked to the French CPI excluding tobacco. (3) Issued by the French Government linked to the euro area HICP excluding tobacco.
(4) Survey of Professional Forecasters conducted by the ECB on different variables at different horizons. Participants are experts affiliated with institutions based with the European Union. This measure of long-term inflation expectations refers to an annual rate of HICP expected to prevail five years ahead. (5) Survey of prominent financial and economic forecasters as published by Consensus Economics Inc.