Community banks in particular may incur additional costs, for example to extend operating hours in order to facilitate payments during nonstandard business hours. However, technological advances also present opportunities for community banks to continue serving their neighbors, and payment services are a key component of this.
And even if central bankers were to observe differences in prices or risk premia, this may be due to structural causes. BIS central bankers’ speeches  1  Allow me to make this point as clear as possible. Segmented markets are primarily the symptoms of underlying structural causes, which usually explain most of the differences.