11 While only a subset of Reserve Bank presidents vote at any given FOMC meeting, all of them offer their views in  our discussions of the economy and of monetary policy. 12 See Fischer (2017).
13 The direct quotation from Professor Orphanides is as follows: "My recommendation had been that the FOMC  should adopt a reference rule, based on rigorous evaluation, using the technology the Fed staff has developed over the past couple of decades and paying particular emphasis on various aspects of robustness: (1) robustness to model uncertainty, (FRB/US (various vintages), EDO, SIGMA(again various vintages) and others), (2) robustness to natural rate uncertainty, u*, r*, Q*, fx* and so on, (3) robustness to expectations formation (mode consistent, learning, partial learning by businesses/households, etc.