Gross issuance of sukuk has quadrupled over the past few years, reaching about $ billion by the end of 2007 27 . 25  CHAPRA Umer, The global financial crisis: can Islamic finance help? Institute of Islamic Banking and Insurance 2009, published by NewHorizon, Global perspective on Islamic banking and insurance; http://www.newhorizonislamicbanking.com/index.cfm?section=academicarticles&action=view&id=10733. 26  HESSE Heiko, JOBST Andreas, http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/2593.
In that regard, for example, a database on Japanese news paper articles indicates that articles on population aging or a low birth rate started increasing in the 1990s. However, it was only until in the middle of the 2000s, articles on population aging or a low birth rate outnumbered those on asset price bubbles or non-performing loans (Chart 7).