Between 1990 and the early 2000s, some measures of income inequality, such as the Gini coefficient, increased, though the picture varies substantially from country to country and does not appear to be a generalised phenomenon (with an increase in the UK, China and the US, no change in India, and falling inequality in France and Brazil).
10 However, the finding of a generalised increased in income inequality in the last decade is not uncontroversial in the literature. The impact of globalisation over the past 20 years has differed across countries, also depending on the structure of labour markets.