Notes: The Global Supply Shortages Index measures how many selected items have been in short supply against their long-run average for each month. The long-run average refers to value 1 of the index. The shaded minimummaximum range refers to the 5th-95th percentile range across 20 items (e.g. chemicals, electrical items, packaging, steel and textiles).
The latest observation are for September 2022 and October 2022 (Flash PMI estimates for the United Kingdom and the euro area). Chart 6 Spot prices of oil, gas, coal and electricity (EUR/MWh for gas and electricity (left-hand scale), USD/barrel for oil (right-hand scale))  Sources: Refinitiv, HWWI, Energy Intelligence and ECB staff calculations. Note: The latest observation is for October 2022.