During stressed periods, leveraged funds need to delever proportionality more than unleveraged funds in order to obtain liquidity to cover margin calls and higher haircuts on leveraged positions. Also, leveraged funds have to sell relatively more assets following redemption requests to keep the leverage ratio constant.
As time goes by, as technology advances, electronic means of payment become more and more sophisticated: from manually swiped credit cards through magnetized cards, webbased payments, mobile payments, proximity cards, and electronic wallets, which include a variety of payment means and smart cards.