The third important criterion is the cost of service usage. The two first criteria should be taken care of by authorities and retail banks, and their cooperation. The third is tackled by allowing – and perhaps enhancing – competition. It is obvious, that if retail banks and incumbent players are not capable of moving ahead, new entrants will gradually take over this business.
Thus, we can conclude that the potential demand for a truly integrated system and also the technological possibilities are there. The future retail market for payment services should be  5  Vesala, Jukka: Technological Transformation and Retail Banking Competition: Implications and Measurement; Bank of Finland Studies E:20, Helsinki 2000. 4  BIS Review 64/2009  international, at least at the European level.