The EU’s past experience shows that economic and institutional integration in a region can successfully go beyond the establishment of a free trade area, as in the case of NAFTA, or a customs union, as in the case of Mercosur. It also a way in which regional integration can be achieved.
There are many examples of large-scale conduct issues in many industries. For example, the behaviours of some pharmaceutical firms in relation to the opioid crisis11; the vehicle emissions scandal in the motor industry; or the recent super complaint covering multiple industries launched by Citizens Advice in the UK on how loyal customers pay more for essential energy, mobile, broadband and financial services12.