For example, population ageing reduces the mobility of workers and entrepreneurs between regions and industries. Population ageing also changes the composition of consumer demand, and the vast difference among senior citizens in terms of wealth and experience reduces the effectiveness of mass-marketing to create demand.
6 This means many advanced economies experiencing a malign bubble and population ageing at the same time face doubly downward pressure from debt overhang and population onus. 2. Policy implications  Awareness of the significant effects of demographic trends Let me now turn to the policy implications of what I have examined.