2 Including payment solutions denominated in currencies other than the euro, which could affect monetary  sovereignty. 3 Survey data from 2017; see Esselink, H. and Hernández, L. (2017), “The use of cash by households in the euro  area”, Occasional Paper Series, No 201, ECB.
4 Blog post by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, (28 April 2020): “Beyond monetary policy  – protecting the continuity and safety of payments during the coronavirus crisis”. 5 Dyson, B. and Hodgson, G. (2016), “Digital cash: why central banks should start issuing electronic  money”,Positive Money. 6 See Bindseil, U.