Looking at firms' perception of resource utilization, an indicator for supply and demand conditions, the weighted average of the diffusion indices of production capacity and employment conditions in the Tankan (Short-Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan) suggests that the pace of improvement in resource utilization in consumption-related industries, such as retailing and services, is slower than the average for all industries.
To me, it’s clear that immigration is one of the things that can improve the demographic potential of Europe, which is necessary, if Europeans think and care about the welfare of future generations. The size of the working age population of the euro area is declining 0.6 percent a year until the 2030s. That’s huge.