The Bank of Finland managed to keep the exchange rate of the markka vis-à-vis the French franc constant for 36 years, from the start in 1878 until the outbreak of the First World War. Finland declared her independence in December 1917, following the October revolution in Russia. The First World War and the Finnish Civil War of 1918 caused sharp inflation.
How do firms remain innovative, flexible and thus competitive? How do we deal with demographic change and its implications for the labour market? Where will affordable energy come from? Or think of the debt level, which, at more than 80% of gross domestic product, is too high. And could continue to rise, judging by the pre-election promises.