We at the ECB and other central banks have reacted swiftly, flexibly and decisively. The ECB took the lead with some exceptional decisions as early as 9 August 2007. We have, since then, modified our operational framework and used an exceptional set of non-standard policy tools.
Tiff Macklem: Opening statement before the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Commerce and the Economy Opening statement by Mr Tiff Macklem, Governor of the Bank of Canada, before the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Commerce and the Economy, Ottawa, Ontario, 20 April 2023. *** Good morning.