Federal total balance Per cent of GDP  2011  2012  %  2013  History  2014  b.
Federal primary structural balance Per cent of GDP  1.0  2.0  0.5  1.5  0.0  1.0  -0.5  0.5  -1.0  0.0  -1.5  -0.5  -2.0  -1.0  -2.5  -1.5  -3.0 2015  2011  2012  2013  History  Counterfactual  c. Federal debt Per cent of GDP  %  %  2014  -2.0 2015  Counterfactual  d. Household debt Per cent of GDP  %  40  100  39 38 37  95  36 35 34  90  33 32 31 2011  2012  2013  History  2014  30 2015  2011  2013  History  Counterfactual  e. Short-term interest rate  2012  %  2014  85 2015  Counterfactual  f. Exchange rate $  3.0  1.1  2.5 1.0 2.0 1.5  0.9  1.0 0.8 0.5  2011  2012 History  2013  2014 Counterfactual  0.0 2015  2011  2012 History  2013  2014  0.7 2015  Counterfactual  Sources: Statistics Canada, Finance Canada Fiscal Reference Tables 2015, Federal Budget 2016, Bank of Canada, Bank of Canada calculations  16  BIS central bankers’ speeches