Fourth, the accesses to banking services have been broadened to a much wider customer base particularly the middle and lower middle income groups. No country can aspire for sustainable and equitable growth in absence of a strong and healthy middle class.
Unlike these two cases, the current surge has been  BIS Review 101/2008  1  continuing over an extended period, which makes a comparison of the rise in oil prices difficult, since the extent of the increase differs depending on where one starts the calculation.