For the EU, the average energy mix across the three NGFS models is based on different definitions of the EU: EU28 for the REMIND-MAgPIE model, EU15 for the Global Change Assessment Model and Western Europe for the MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM model. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the share of global final energy consumption needs to decline to just below 20 per cent by 2050.
In net-zero scenarios, fossil fuel use does not fall to zero in 2050. Fossil fuels are still projected to be used for producing non‐energy goods, in plants with carbon capture, and in sectors where emissions are especially difficult to reduce. All remaining emissions in 2050 are assumed to be offset by negative emissions elsewhere. 5.