There was a time when the main threats to banks were robberies and insider collusion relating to stealing of the physical cash. These days, harmful activities, fraud and theft are perpetrated through cyber-crime, infiltration of systems and unauthorised access to information and identity records. The “thieves” are likely to be behind the counter, and through the mobile phones and computer systems.
12  ensure their balance sheets (and economic returns) are not unnecessarily vulnerable to variations in both house prices and households’ ability to service their mortgages. These risks to financial system stability become particularly acute when many mortgage borrowers are highly indebted - relative to either their incomes and/or home values.