With reference to the US, the contribution of female employment to the occupational structure will be the focus of one of the papers to be presented this morning. 2 The second driver is increased education, a feature that is positively associated with labour market attachment.
In Europe, the share of individuals aged 20-64 with academic or advanced professional education rose by around 10 percentage points in the last 15 years, reaching 30 per cent in 2017. The greater labour market attachment of persons in central age brackets has more than compensated for the lower participation of younger individuals, who now tend to remain longer in education.