Second, if some deflation occurs unexpectedly, it is not the end of the world. Don't panic. But in most countries it would probably signify insufficient aggregate demand relative to supply. Demand management policies, if they could not pre-empt this situation, should respond forcefully to it ex post. Third, the thing to be avoided most strenuously is a persistent deflation which becomes embodied in expectations.
With the implementation of NRPS and the launch of new ACHs such as 1/2  BIS central bankers' speeches  InstaPay, financial institutions will be challenged to develop innovative business models customized to their target markets’ needs, to ensure client loyalty, and to better compete for market share.