The legacy currencies were withdrawn from about 300 million Europeans as well as from outside the euro area, where especially D-Mark was in circulation. At the same time, the new currency was issued. To meet this challenge, a long and thorough preparation took place.
The rule of law alone is not sufficient for freedom, but the transparency of the use of executive power is also necessary. Until a generation ago, central banks were rather secretive organizations, shrouded in a kind of monetary mystique.