The credit to GDP ratio which stood at about five per cent in 1950–51 improved to about 25 per cent in 2000–01 and further to about 52 per cent at the end of 2011–12 (Chart 1).
2  BIS central bankers’ speeches  and exposures to hedge funds and entities sponsoring hedge funds. Similar rules are already implemented in the US through the Volcker-rule. In January 2014, the Commission also published a proposal on Regulating shadow banking system transparency.