In managing the process of economic integration that is driven by several forces, developing countries face challenges from a world order that is particularly burdensome on them. Yet, it is necessary for the public policy to manage the process with a view to maximizing the benefits to its citizens while minimizing the risks; but the path of optimal integration is highly country-specific and contextual.
On balance, there appears to be a greater advantage in achieving a well-managed and appropriate integration into the global process, which would imply more effective - but not necessarily intrusive or extensive - interventions by governments.