Some of these sanctions regime, however, have been criticised for causing excessive suffering to civilian populations or inflicting economic damage on third states. To address these concerns, the concept of “targeted sanctions” was developed. These sanctions are designed to focus on groups of persons responsible for the breaches of peace or threats to international peace and security.
* * * Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Colleagues, It is a pleasure for me to open the second session of the seminar on Central Bank Issued Digital Cash. This session asks what would be a rational and justified reason for central banks to pursue digital cash.