Regulations such as MICA, which will deal with Markets in Crypto-Assets, and DORA, the Digital Operational Resilience Act are good examples of cross-border regulations aimed at protecting businesses and consumers from some of the risks associated with digitisation. But they will directly affect a lot of firms operating in Ireland.
Basically, the control instruments are quantitative or price-based, including price ceilings or floors and possibly a combination of the two. Controls or lack of controls may be based on size of a transaction, purpose, or category of participant. Asymmetrical treatments in regard to applicability and nature of controls are common between inflows and outflows; between outflows associated with inflows (i.e.