It will be critically important that policy can help to build resilience in the economy, reducing the impact of future adverse shocks, by sustainably addressing these structural challenges. Monetary policy also has an important role to play in returning inflation towards its medium term target.
Banks and other firms process millions of transactions daily. But this is a major challenge for decentralized systems like DLT. Energy efficiency is still a problem too: there are estimates that the bitcoin mining network uses a a similar amount of energy as the whole of Ireland. Public blockchains that make use of other consensus models could more efficient.