The regression lines shown here indicate this relationship for each of the following periods: from the January-March quarter of 1983 to the January-March quarter of 2013, from the January-March quarter of 1983 to the October-December quarter of 1995, from the January-March quarter of 1996 to the January-March quarter of 2013, and from the April-June quarter of 2013 to the July-September quarter of 2017.
For online credit/debit card transactions, which are essentially card-not-present transactions, RBI had mandated a second factor authentication based on information not present on the cards with effect from August, 2009. This measure enhanced the confidence of customers as evidenced by the spurt in online transactions in the recent past.