Takehiro Sato: Recent economic and financial developments, and monetary policy Speech by Mr Takehiro Sato, Member of the Policy Board of the Bank of Japan, at a meeting with business leaders, Hakodate,4 December 2013. * I. *  *  Introduction  On April 1, 2013, the Bank of Japan’s Hakodate Branch celebrated its 120th anniversary.
In a range of African countries measures have been or are being put in place to legally entrench disciplined financial policies, for instance by providing the central bank with an appropriate mandate and the degree of independence necessary to pursue that mandate successfully. 2.5  A further key indicator of the state of the economy is the real growth rate.