The open-ended purchases of government bonds imply that, on the liability side, the monetary base – especially reserve balances – will expand on a larger scale and for a longer period of time, whereas forward guidance does not have such a quantitative aspect. A theoretical analysis of such implication has been progressing recently among academics.
In order to do this we can adopt a somewhat more specific concept and a quantitative, operational definition such as the one presented in the latest World Economic Outlook published by the IMF, which defines globalisation as “the acceleration in the pace of growth of international trade in goods, services, and financial assets  1/6  relative to the rate of growth in domestic trade”.