Korea has implemented LTV and DTI limits on mortgage lending, levies on non-core foreign exchange liabilities and ceilings on banks’ foreign exchange derivatives positions. Hong Kong has also used LTV and debt servicing ratios and haircuts on share margin financing and repo transactions.
BIS central bankers’ speeches  7  Graph 8  Movements in the exchange rate have also influenced inflation outcomes over recent years. In particular, the trend appreciation of the Australian dollar from 2002 has helped hold down the prices of many imported manufactured goods.