Successful CDFI borrowers often graduate to conventional financing as their needs grow,  2  David Erickson (2006), "Community Capitalism: How Housing Advocates, the Private Sector and the Government Forged New Low-Income Housing Policy, 1968-1996," Journal of Policy History, vol. 18 (2), pp. 167-204. 3  The CDFI Fund was established by the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, Pub.
New powers and tools have been created and entrusted – in many cases to Central Banks – to ensure that critical operations of banks can continue and value is preserved while losses are mostly absorbed by shareholders and creditors with the aim of preserving financial stability. New institutions have also been created.