Inside Mortgage Finance Publications (2006). The Housing-Related GSEs: Data on Their Business, Market, Investments, & Expenditures. Bethesda, Md. : IMFP. Jaffe, Dwight M., and John M. Quigley (2007). Housing Subsidies and Homeowners: What Role for Government-Sponsored Enterprises?” paper presented at the NBER/Kellogg School of Management Conference on Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk, held at Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., February 8 and 9.
12 For example, a large increase or decrease in the price of gasoline conveys information that influences consumer behavior and that also affects the behavior of energy producers, even when neither of these sets of market participants are aware of the precise factor initiating the price change. As a related matter, Hayek recognized that prices transmit  9  See Williamson (2005, p. 1).