  That said, recent experience suggests that HFT participants are not necessarily flightier than traditional participants in times of market stress and may be quicker to re-enter the market as it stabilises.
  Furthermore, the market infrastructure itself, such as the various electronic trading platforms, is also changing in reaction to the growth of HFT and is likely to have a significant impact on how different market participants execute trades over time.   For example, HFT has led to traditional liquidity providers developing proprietary liquidity pools through which to hedge their own risk.