16 8 / 10  BIS central bankers' speeches  16 Blind, K., Mangelsdorf, A., Niebel, C. and Ramel, F. (2018), “Standards in the global value chains of the  European Single Market”, Review of International Political Economy, 25(1), pp. 28–48. 17 See, for example, Halpern, L., Koren, M. and Szeidl, A. (2015), “Imported Inputs and Productivity”, American  Economic Review, 105(12), pp. 3660–3703.
18 Schmitz et al. (2017), op. cit. 19 European Commission (2018), “Fact Sheet”, 27 November. 20 European Commission (2018), “Exports Mean Jobs, Italy”. 21 Agostino, M., Giunta, A., Scalera, D. and Trivieri, F. (2016), Italian Firms in Global Value Chains: Updating our  Knowledge”, Rivista di Politica Economica, vol. VII-IX/2016.