There have been only a handful of new bank charter applications over the past decade. In fact, only 44 de novo banks have been established, which include both state and national charters. A 2014 study by Federal Reserve Board economists noted that from 1990 to 2008, over 2,000 new banks were formed, which on average is more than 100 per year.
6 In contrast, the study noted that only seven new banks were formed from 2009 to 2013. The 2014 Board study  Michelle W. Bowman, “Creating a New Model for the Future of Supervision” (speech at the Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 28, 2021), https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20210928a.htm.