Large resources will continue to be needed for different segments of infrastructure: urban infrastructure, particularly water, sanitation, sewerage; power; ports, airports, railways, roads and the like. The telecom sector has provided an example of private funding of infrastructure where appropriate financial return can lead to large and rapid investment.
Second, the emerging and commodity-exporting countries themselves have also implemented aggressive economic stimulus measures in response to the recent crisis. Unlike the advanced countries, the emerging and commodity-exporting economies were not facing a problem of balance sheet adjustments, and potential demand was strong to start with, so that the multiplier effects of fiscal stimulus measures are likely to have been significant.