2 Losses attributable to the Great Recession have been estimated using different metrics and range widely. For example, one 2013 study suggests that total U.S. losses from the financial crisis could range from 40 to 90 percent of a year’s worth of economic output, or $ to $ trillion. Tyler Atkinson, David Luttrell, and Harvey Rosenblum (2013), “How Bad Was It?
[5] Carney, M. (2017),  Panel remarks at the ECB Forum on Central Banking, June. [6] De Guindos, L. (2018), “Investment, technological transformation and skills”, speech at the joint EIB-ECB conference on investment, technological transformation and skills, Luxembourg, 28 November. [7] Döttling, R., Gutiérrez, G. and Philippon, T. (2017), “  Is there an investment gap in advanced economies?