With the introduction of T2S, the average cost at market infrastructure level per transaction has decreased significantly – in particular for cross-CSD transactions. Our initial cost estimations showed that the average fee per domestic CSD settlement in the euro area was 73 euro cent while cross-border transactions were up to ten times more expensive.
This being the sixth survey since the 2006 baseline, it remained faithful to the original principles of enhancing financial inclusion measurement; providing better understanding of the financial inclusion landscape over time; and informing other actors in the financial inclusion space. It was unique in a number of ways. Firstly, it was undertaken as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved and mutated.