First, from a competitiveness perspective, it is the real exchange rate that is of relevance: that is, the nominal exchange rate adjusted for inflation differentials (although there are debates as to 4  BIS central bankers’ speeches  what the appropriate deflator should be).
Even with these critical laws, the wealth gap remains stubbornly wide. 10 The Survey of Consumer Finances for 2019 found that the typical White family has eight times the wealth of the typical Black family. 11 For many American families, homeownership is the single most important component of their wealth.