At a time when it has become difficult to increase tax revenues through labor income, pressure has been increasing to expand the fiscal deficit, given that social security expenses – including pension costs and medical and nursing care expenses – increase as the population ages as long as the current level of benefits are maintained.
The third effect is the diversification of consumer needs and services. Given the diverse lives and lifestyles of the elderly population, individuals have a wide range of unique needs, not only in terms of medical and nursing care but also in wider contexts such as living fulfilling lives after retirement, which encompasses hobbies and continued learning.