In New Zealand and Indonesia, the deviation tended to exceed the upper range of the target, suggesting the presence of high upward inflationary pressures. Australia, South Korea, and the Philippines experienced deviations both from the upper and lower ranges, while Thailand had few deviations except for some periods.
Since 2012, inflation in New Zealand and the Philippines has sometimes declined below the bottom of their respective target ranges, and inflation in South Korea has continued to stay below the bottom range of the target.