Clearly, the prospects for European productivity growth are very important, not least, because in the future population ageing will mean that each worker will be supporting more dependents. Before concluding, I would like to say something about the links between the conference topics and central banking. There are a number of important ways in which monetary policy and potential output growth interact.
Just as they use the rails of other payment systems through a financial institution to offer their services to customers, they will be able to use the NPP. NPPA is already engaging with start-ups on how they might utilise the infrastructure.