Figures for advanced economies are the weighted averages of the PMIs for the United States, the euro area, the United Kingdom, and Japan using their global GDP shares from the IMF as weights.
In the longer term the Global Financial Crisis contains many lessons for both regulators and the financial industry. In particular, it helps to underscore the need for sound risk  BIS Review 162/2008  1  management, effective internal controls and strong corporate governance at financial institutions.