The Congress can, if it decides, pass legislation that directly requires a specific monetary policy action. The Congress can threaten to change the structure of the Federal Reserve - abolish the Federal Reserve at the extreme, or specify particular qualifications for Board members, or alter the composition of the FOMC - in an attempt to influence monetary policy.
The Congress can demand an accounting of policy by BIS Review 94/2000  12  summoning the Chairman, Board members, and Reserve Bank presidents to congressional hearings, in addition to the formal semi-annual testimonies by the Chairman.