Edward M Gramlich: A first step in dealing with growing retirement costs Remarks by Mr Edward M Gramlich, Member of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Spring 2005 Banking and Finance Lecture, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, 21 April 2005. *  *  *  Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon.
See the box entitled “Household saving ratio dynamics and implications for the euro area economic outlook”, in ECB (2021), Eurosystem staff macroeconomic projections for the euro area, June. 20. 0.3% in 2021 and 1.3% in 2022, beyond the measures already factored into the ECB’s baseline for our June projections. Ex-post, i.e.