Of course, it is vital that project planners and the investors financing these projects agree on these costs and benefits. This avoids disappointments that raise the cost of future financing. Green bonds and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) investing provide a useful framework for such cooperation. To conclude, judging the appropriate level of government debt is challenging.
Instruments Countries have experienced with different types of instruments, to suit their unique circumstances, to broaden the markets. Hungary for instance has gradually moved away from short maturity bonds to long-term fixed rate Government bonds enabled by the fact that it avoided hyper-inflation.