The Bank of Japan Law of 1997 stipulates that the six members other than the Governor and the two Deputy Governors be appointed from "among those with academic expertise or experience including experts on the economy or finance." Indeed, Policy Board members come from quite diverse backgrounds and include former academics, executives of corporations as well as financial institutions, and private-sector economists.
What type of financial integration and how (and by whom) can financial integration be furthered? Stating why we want integration gives us a huge clue as to what type of integration we want. Integration must be assessed first and foremost through the benefits effectively generated for users of these markets.