And, last but not least, we see that a significant number of FMIs still lack dedicated cyber incident response plans. These are just a few of the worrying trends and vulnerabilities that we see. So there is clearly much work to be done. How is the ECB addressing cyber threats? An oversight and supervision perspective So, what part can the ECB play?
Unexpected losses or losses beyond the normal range of expectations need have to be met by capital. Let me briefly review the steps taken for implementation of Basel II and the emerging issues.