While infrastructure in the form of towers is shared, the mobile network operators (MNOs) compete aggressively for protecting and increasing their market share. Innovation is, of course, a splendid competitive weapon, but it is sometimes best fostered by collaboration. BIS central bankers’ speeches  7  Limited product innovation 46. Limited product innovation is another factor behind the tepid growth of retail payment systems.
The Government’s debt to GDP ratio declined from 71 percent in 2001 to around 30 percent in 2008 (see chart 6). A return to borrowing (deficit financing) would reverse this achievement, as well as passing on the burden of servicing the debt to future generations of Papua New Guineans.