Second, as the international use of a currency expands, loans, investments, and purchases of goods and services - both foreign and domestic - will increasingly be executed through the financial institutions of the issuing economy. Thus, the earnings of its financial sector are likely to increase.
Third, the tendency of world trade to be denominated in the international currency means that the issuing economy will be less vulnerable to changes in the value of its currency than are other economies. If the US dollar, for example, depreciates sharply against other currencies, this will have a smaller effect on US inflation than is the case in other economies.