19 Nordhaus, W., The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2013). 10  In light of uncertainties, further studies and research are needed. From the perspective of accountability, the collection of data as well as analysis of and assessment on policy effects are also required.
In addition, since climate change is a global market failure, it should be addressed at a global level. Thus, not only Japan's actions but also collaboration among countries around the world is necessary (Chart 12). B. Price Stability The Bank addresses climate change with the aim of achieving price stability in the medium to long run.