A key challenge is that geopolitical risk and security concerns increasingly call for diversification of supply chains. This is, however, hampered by the fact that critical minerals extraction is geographically highly concentrated. •  The increasing importance of critical minerals could become a bottleneck for green energy deployment.
Slide 5  Page 4 of 21  Demand for energy can shift rapidly when incentives are sufficiently strong. •  Europe has rapidly reduced its dependence on Russian gas during 2022. •  Consumption of energy has been reduced all together, and consumption has switched to alternative energy sources.