Rather than trying to cover all of the relevant topics under the theme of demographic changes and macroeconomic performance in my remark, I focus on Japan’s experience of population aging that, I hope, will help ensuing discussions in this conference, because  BIS central bankers’ speeches  1  Japan can be addressed an “advanced country” in a sense that it has been faced with various challenges that stem from population aging ahead of other countries.
I begin by explaining demographic changes in Japan briefly, and then move on to identifying the issues related with macroeconomic performance. Finally, I will touch on the policy implications of demographic changes. II. Demographic Changes in Japan  I begin by pointing out four relevant facts in order to consider the linkage between Japanese demographic changes and macroeconomic performance.