To cite achievements on interoperable payments system, we now have 45 financial institutions participating in InstaPay and 55 participating in PESONet as of 30 November 2019. InstaPay allows real-time electronic transfer of small-value funds, while PESONet allows electronic transfer of bigger funds typically within the same banking day.
Going forward, the year-on-year rate of change in consumer prices nationwide is likely to gradually turn positive. There remains a high degree of uncertainty concerning Japan’s economy, including the prospects for the European debt problem and the growth momentum of the U.S. economy as  BIS central bankers’ speeches  1  well as the emerging and commodity-exporting economies.