This solution provides the market with theoretically 9  correct incentives (even if the tax or subsidy is only an approximation, not always easy to compute, of the effect of the activity in question on well-being), and then lets it produce the good in the most efficient way. The carbon pricing that is under discussion nowadays falls into this category.
A payment made using Apple Pay or Google Pay is mostly settled via the credit card stored in the account, which is issued by a bank. However, Apple, for one, has already started issuing its own credit cards (currently still in cooperation with Goldman Sachs).