De Loecker and J. Eeckhout, “The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications,” draft  working paper, August 24, 2017. 11 See A. Haldane, “Work, Wages and Monetary Policy” (speech at the National Science and Media Museum,  Bradford, UK, June 21, 2017).
12 Monopsonies are also increasingly prevalent in labour markets in the United States, which may be driving down  wage growth and contributing to the decline in labour share. See J. Azar, I. E. Marinescu and M. Steinbaum, “Labor Market Concentration,” SSRN (December 15, 2017). 13 See A. M. Munoz-Boudet, “STEM Fields Still Have a Gender Imbalance.