To start with, the several double taxation treaties that have been signed with the Gulf countries but none of them is yet in force. The situation is different with Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia with whom double taxation treaties are already implemented. Currently, the numerous transactions involved in Islamic finance products trigger multiple taxations making them more expensive.
2  At the beginning of the 1990s the level of dispersion of inflation rates across the euro area countries was, on average, around 6 percentage points (standard deviation measured in unweighted terms). In 2006 inflation dispersion was only 0.7 percentage point.