19 An explicit reference to the target midpoint was also incorporated into the 2012 PTA, so that it now read “keep future CPI inflation outcomes between 1 per cent and 3 per cent on average over the medium term, with a focus on keeping future average inflation near the 2 per cent target midpoint”.
Financial institutions will need to step up their efforts to effectively manage the risks that may lie  BIS Review 33/2008  3  ahead. From the central banks’ perspective, restoring confidence among economic agents and market participants is crucial in the current environment of great uncertainty and high market volatility.