In a recent study, economists in the US estimate for a large set of countries that the COVID-19 shock reduced economic output by about 30% on average.  [15] They attribute onequarter of this decline to transmission through global supply chains.
Upgrades to central bank operated market infrastructures, potentially in the form of interoperability with distributed ledger solutions, may also enhance the uptake of digital finance in regulated crypto services. Finally, the adoption of supervisory technology, or SupTech, will help us modernise our interaction with supervised entities and revolutionise on-site and off-site auditing capabilities.