Four main lessons can be drawn from the major crises we have lived through over the past 13 years. •  The first lesson is that our policy responses need to be holistic. In the heat of the battle, the right mix of fiscal, monetary and financial policies is needed. All of them need to play their part.
Allow me also to congratulate Professor Benno Ndulu upon his very recent elevation to the post of Governor of the Bank of Tanzania by His Excellency Jakaya Kikwete the President of the United Republic of Tanzania; and to congratulate Mr. Gaspard Sindayigaya, upon his appointment as Governor of the Bank of the Republic of Burundi by H.E. S.E.