Not only do we have to contend with the multiple faces of climate change – more extreme weather patterns, rising sea levels, loss of  ecosystems and biodiversity – but regions are also affected in different ways and at different speeds. [3] This makes devising timely solutions across countries exceptionally complex.
That complexity leads to the second factor that defines the challenges we face today: more than ever, we can only make progress by working together across countries, sectors and disciplines. Take our response to the pandemic as an example. This was a challenge that could not be tackled by governments acting alone, or even by governments cooperating with each other.