For almost a century Portugal kept a monopoly of the spice maritime trade with India and the Far East, where our ships arrived in 1498. In 1500 the fleet of Álvares Cabral arrived in Brazil with all its riches. In 1501 the construction of this monastery began and was completed after several decades.
The classic example was Japan in the 1990s when banks permitted debtors to roll over loans on which they could afford the near zero interest payments but not  8  See M.K. Brunnermeier and L.H. Pedersen, “Market Liquidity and Funding Liquidity,” Review of Financial Studies, 2009 22(6):2201–2238.