Meeting these soft targets is a sine qua non if we are to have any real hope of achieving the overarching ambition of an African Economic Community. But as necessity is the mother of invention, if I may quote from my good friend Plato, I see with pleasure how many of our colleagues have been vigorously inventive.
Another barrier is the lack of interest rate hedging tools – for instance, foreign investors have not been allowed to trade bond futures yet. 2/3  BIS central bankers' speeches  Finally, Chinese policy bank bonds still remain outside of the eligible investment universe – due to the lack of explicit Chinese government guarantees for these issuers.