The tight monetary policy continued to hold back the underlying pressures on prices, in particular through the exchange rate channel. The appreciation of the hryvnia had the strongest impact on prices of fuel and some food products. However, disinflation was restrained by the greater consumer demand and the rise in real wages by almost 10% over the year. What are the future inflation developments?
We can bring the challenges together in four main areas: i.  the economic of CBDC;  ii. the legal issues;  iii. the technological issues given the fast innovation in this sector (eg DLT) and the associated security risks; iv. the organizational issues and the impact on the internal structure of central banks. i.