PEPP: alignment of price and financial stability objectives During the pandemic, financial stability risks materialised in a manner that avoided a trade-off between monetary policy stance and financial stability measures. The pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP) was announced at the onset of the pandemic when financial stress increased sharply, liquidity dried up and volatility hit levels last seen in 2008.
Inflow of FDI totaled USD53.5 billion, topping all the developing nations. Rapid growth of trade and continuous increase of FDI have not only contributed to the expansion of export and job creation, but also substantially increased the import of much needed scarce resources and equipments.