But the issue also applies to the old tried and trusted alternative of cash. If the PIN system does not work, you need to be sure you can still get cash out of the cash machine. And luckily that is not usually a problem because you withdraw cash from your own bank’s cash machine system, which is separate from the PIN system.
So there, too, technological diversity is important. And so, to go back to what I mentioned before, our resilience to cybercrime relies on our having good preventive measures in place and also on our having good mitigating measures, just in case things go wrong.