This is one reason behind the many large companies in the USA and the countries of northern Europe, as opposed to the countries of southern Europe and Asia (India for example), where companies are very small. Indeed, the opening up of capital and the decentralisation of management, key conditions for the growth of companies, presupposes a relationship of trust.
Regarding the nonperforming-loan problem of financial institutions, the total amount of nonperforming loans of the financial institutions was approximately 29 trillion yen as of the end of September 1996, according to the data published by the Ministry of Finance.