Chart 4  Introduction  Improvements in Japan's Economy Output Gap 6  Consumer Prices  %  4  CPI (less fresh food) CPI (less fresh food and energy)  3  4 2  2  0  1  -2  0  -4  -1  -6  -2  -8 CY 85  y/y % chg.  90  95  00  05  10  15  Notes: 1.
In the left chart, the output gap is based on BOJ staff estimates. Notes: 2. In the right chart, figures are adjusted for changes in the consumption tax rate. Sources: Bank of Japan; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.