These include fewer fears regarding the stability of the pension funds as the old funds with their large actuarial deficits were closed and new ones, which were supposed to be actuarially balanced, were opened, starting in 1995.
-9-  Chart 4: Positive cross-country relationship between unemployment and the volatility of inflation Decadal summary statistics  Average unemployment rate (%) 25 20 15  10 5 0 0  2 4 6 Standard deviation of inflation (percentage points) 1980s  1990s  2000s  8  2010s  Note: The sample consists of 37 advanced and emerging economies, including most of the countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.