Both types of policies were decried – and in some textbooks, still are – as having prolonged the Depression by disrupting trade patterns while leading to an ultimately fruitless and destructive battle over shrinking international markets. Economists still agree that Smoot-Hawley and the ensuing tariff wars were highly counterproductive and contributed to the depth and length of the global Depression.
Random thoughts on our policies As mentioned, global economic integration is technology induced and, simultaneously, policy constrained or policy restrained - in other words, policy-managed.