The severity of the crisis has created a vast international consensus on the need to accompany monetary action with fiscal expansion. For the G-20 economies, crisis-related discretionary  2  2  IMF (2009). BIS Review 128/2009  fiscal measures are estimated at about 2 per cent of GDP in 2009 and 1.5 per cent in 2010, over the 2007 baseline.
These benefits relate to avoided losses, but also to economic benefits, such as increased [1]  productivity and safety, together with social and environmental benefits. our efforts in financing adaptation. Hence, we need to scale up  But what role can central banks play in tackling climate change? Governments have the primary responsibility to act on the climate crisis.