If we consider the period of maximum New Zealand dollar real appreciation, from late 1992 to April 1997, we see that the New Zealand dollar appreciated by rather more than did either the Hong Kong dollar or the Singapore dollar over the same period.
These transitions have to be financed primarily through private capital. We need the capital markets union to help mobilise this capital. That’s why we called for a stronger collective will to make it happen. [15] There are enough concrete starting points. The action plan presented by the European Commission in 2020 contained 16 actions.