It is possible instead to show the likely consequence of deviation of asset price from the historical trend or the simulated fundamental price based on models.
It is interesting to note that the OECD (2005, 2006) identified the deviation of the actual rent-to-price ratio from the fundamental ratio based on the long-term historical average ratio, employing the inverse of user cost as a proxy to the price-to-rent ratio, as the user cost equates the expected cost of owning a house with the cost of renting.