In particular, society has to take steps to allow more females and the elderly to participate in the labor market.
If, by 2030, (a) the labor participation of female workers became as high as that in Sweden, (b) the participation of those at the age of 60–64 became as high as those at the age of 55–59, and (c) the participation of those at the age of 65+ went up accordingly, then the working-age population would rise by 0.2 percent in the 2010s, not decline by the 0.6 percent that I mentioned earlier (Chart 10).