  Mandating a second factor of authentication for all card-not-present transactions based on information not available on the card. M-PIN, which is mandatory, serves as the second factor authentication for mobile banking transactions.
A more prolonged surge in global inflation, especially in central and eastern Europe, could also put pressures on domestic prices in Ukraine. A faster-than-expected monetary response by leading central banks poses the risk of there being capital outflows from emerging markets. The economic repercussions arising from the spread of new coronavirus variants are creating a lot of uncertainty.