As a backdrop of the slow recoveries following the global financial crisis, it has been pointed out that the interaction between demand and supply has gained importance. That is, the weakness in demand impairs the supply side mainly by discouraging workers from participating in the labor market and dampening firms’ investment in capital stock and in research and development.
Therefore, the NBU has downgraded its economic growth forecast for 2021, from 3.8% to 3.1%. Unfavorable conditions on the energy market and the impact of global logistic problems will limit Ukraine’s industrial output, thus curbing economic recovery next year. To this end, the NBU has 1/3  BIS central bankers' speeches  revised downward its GDP growth forecast for 2022, from 4% to 3.8%.