–  In the case of prices of raw materials the evidence of overvaluation is, at the moment, rather scant. Yet, pressure on prices may rapidly grow – as it did in 2008 – once world demand returns to a more sustained pace of growth.
on past data that may bear little relation to future events. Moreover, the relations uncovered by algorithms trawling vast datasets may identify false positives (in other words, relationships that essentially do not exist in the data and have no realworld justification). But more fundamentally, many problems in social sciences entail a combination of prediction but also causal inference.