=  ∗  +  ∗  +  (  −  ∗  )+  +  ( − )+  denotes the U.S. policy rate and the shadow policy rate from 2008 onwards.
Similarly, learning how to conduct research in a library or on the Internet enhances decisionmaking. Focusing on improving fundamental mathematical and problem-solving skills can develop knowledgeable consumers who can take full advantage of the sophisticated financial services offered in an ever-changing marketplace.