3  Conclusion As Gagliani suggested, a careful analysis of the composition of employment and comparison with other countries can show us where Italy’s distinctive features constitute a problem and where they are a strength.
Today, the Nordic countries, including Sweden and Finland, are famed for their distinguished universal, comprehensive social welfare systems, which have generated some successful outcomes, such as the maintenance of reasonably high total fertility rates (TFRs),1 high levels of human capital, and high labor participation ratios for women.