The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have been called upon to contribute to objectives beyond the scope of their respective institutional mandates. Total disbursements of around $ billion have either been made or are envisaged. Banks will have to help in containing the effects of the crisis by rolling over existing loans.
BIS Review 4/1998  -3-  The intensity of the crisis and the fear of systemic repercussions have produced a disarray in the measures and decisions adopted that suggests the present arrangements for international cooperation are inadequate in the face of the challenges posed by the globalization of markets.