Spain has enjoyed above-average growth since 2013, but nobody can escape the global slowdown. That said, the Spanish economy can steer clear of a recession if mistakes are avoided, because it is much better prepared than in the past. It is more competitive, its banking sector is healthier and levels of private debt are lower.
There has been some recovery in Italy. You have hoped to transform this recovery from “cyclical to structural” through reforms. Are there areas for reform in Italy that should be tackled more urgently by the government? These are political choices, which should be left entirely in the hands of governments. The menu of structural reforms is well known.