That is to say, they are simply the mirror image of global and euro area specific factors that are pulling both longterm nominal and real interest rates down to very low levels. Addressing those factors with determination can accelerate the process of “normalisation”. 8  OECD, “The Future of Productivity”, OECD Policy Note, 2015.
The USSD platform is menu driven and can be invoked by dialling a number. Its main advantage is that even users with low-cost handsets can perform their banking transactions through the mobile phone. It is, however, gathered that the telecom companies prefer negotiating with individual banks on the issue rather than with NPCI in providing such a common USSD platform.