Estimates must consider a number of factors, including market participants' beliefs about the likelihood of an institution's failure, the value of a government bailout of debt holders were it to occur, and the likelihood that the government would actually choose to bail out debt holders in the event of a failure.
Major achievements of the Revised Principles on Corporate Governance issued by the OECD in 2004  The Five Principles on Corporate Governance issued by the OECD in 1999 has attracted widespread attention from policy makers, investors, companies and stakeholders. With the development of the macro environment and emergence of new events associated with corporate governance, new challenges have arisen to the Principles.