Without the double-dip recession, the gross stock of bad loans, considering only loans to non-financial firms, which exceeded € billion at the end of 2015, would have amounted to about € billion, or 5 per cent of all loans disbursed, close to precrisis levels.
The data containing junk values, incorrect information and incomplete identifier fields fed by the lenders to the CICs would only lead to half-baked outputs and eventually contribute to creating information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders.