2  Chart 3  Output Gap 4  %  2  0  -2  -4  -6  -8 CY01  02  03  04  05  06  07  08  09  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  Note: The output gap is estimated by the Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan.
For the details on the estimation methods, please refer to the forthcoming Bank’s research paper "Methodology for Estimating Output Gap and Potential Growth Rate: An Update." Sources: Cabinet Office; Bank of Japan; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry.