For example, manufacturing, construction, and other jobs suitable to the residents’ competencies increasingly require that they commute outside of Springfield’s urban core. However, low car-ownership rates among inner-city residents and limited public transportation options during nights and weekends and to suburban locations can exacerbate the challenges of connecting with job opportunities.
This has led to the decision by the Governing Council to frontload some of its purchases under PEPP until the improved growth outlook for the euro area itself would stand on firmer ground. Chart 5 shows that the upward pressure on the real rate component has been neutralized.