Differences in unemployment rates across racial and ethnic groups tend to widen sharply during  See Bernstein (2013) and Alichi, Kantenga, and Solè (2016) for more on the potential link between income and wealth inequality and consumer spending. 7 For a discussion of gender disparities, see Yellen (2015). 8 See Cajner and others (2017) for more on racial gaps and the labor market.
6  -5recessions, as less advantaged groups shoulder an outsized share of total layoffs, and these differences shrink during recoveries. For example, in the second quarter of 2017, the unemployment rate for black adult men was a little more than 3 percentage points higher than for white adult men.