One of these relates to the restriction that Apple, unlike Google, places on access to the nearfield communication (NFC) technology on its devices. Many argue that this restriction limits the ability of other wallet providers to compete on these devices and that this could increase costs. This issue has recently attracted the attention of policymakers in several countries.
The more rapid GDP growth seen in Q2 2019 (to 4.6% yoy) was mainly driven 1/2  BIS central bankers' speeches  by a pick-up in domestic consumption amid a faster improvement in consumer sentiment. The preliminary estimates of July economic activity showed that sustained domestic demand had persisted.