In Italy, however, their managers are mostly selected within the local market and often coincide with the firms’ owners or with their relatives. Family firms and small firms typically rely less on good managerial practices, such as team working, performance-related pay, or workers’ participation in the decision making process.
According to well-known international surveys, the average quality of managers is, in Italy, lower than that in the top-performing countries, a result that reflects not only the scarce diffusion of high quality management, but also the lower level and quality of education in general. 26.