If we want the users to embrace the SEPA direct debit scheme, it is clear that prices for these services to end-users should not go up. Otherwise, we will face a tough challenge “selling” SEPA to the wider public. You may also be aware that EU Regulation 2560 – the so-called price regulation which was enacted in 2001 – is currently up for review.
• Since the origins of fiduciary money, authorities have not faced a challenge where private digital payment solutions could induce a significant currency substitution. • History has numerous examples where the generalized use of private money without a lender-of-last resort, combined with  6  inadequate institutions and external or internal shocks resulted in an economic crisis, affecting social welfare significantly.