In terms of both the trimmed mean -- calculated by excluding items that belong to the upper and lower 10 percent of the price change distribution -- and the mode -- which is the inflation rate with the highest density in the distribution -- the year-on-year rates of change in the CPI have increased to around 3 percent and around 1.5 percent, respectively (Chart 11).
However, those increases have fallen short of a 4.3 percent rise in the headline CPI. One thing that is clear from those indicators is that, even though the pass-through of cost increases has been spreading to a wider range of items, the overall CPI has been significantly pushed up by a small group of items such as energy.