Risks originating from potential programmability features of a digital currency require a careful balance of flexibility and security constraints; one could ask , for instance, whether the concept of programmable money is compatible with the requirement of unicity of public money.
6  The capability of undue creation of central bank money in case of successful attacks, with no physical constraints to the amount of creatable money, means that financial losses are potentially unlimited, raising concerns also in terms of cyber-warfare. Lack of expertise on the market leads to skills shortage and a complex recruitment process.