High rates of illiteracy, particularly among women, low educational attainment of the labour force, and lack of qualified technical and scientific manpower have impeded economic growth. The strategic thrust of Education Sector Reforms (ESRs) consists of (a) achieving universal primary education and adult literacy; (b) improving the quality of education; (c) renewed focus on technical and vocational education.
Higher education and Science and technological research capacities are also being bolstered in the country. Madarassahs are being brought into the mainstream educational system so that their products can find gainful employment in the economy. The National Commission on Human Development is mobilizing community volunteers to bring out-of-the school children into the system.