The roughly 4,500 banks in the study that did not qualify as thriving and did not fail or merge out of existence during the period were classified as “surviving.” After categorizing the banks, the first phase of analysis looked at the location and size of the thriving banks.
We also need to pay attention to how fiscal support measures develop over time. Governments' discretionary policy response to the high energy prices and inflation was close to 2% of GDP in 2022 and is anticipated to be at the same level this year.