Consequently, the net outflow by portfolio investors was to the tune of US $ 14 billion during 2008-09 against the net inflow of about US $ 29 billion in the preceding year. Besides, access to external commercial borrowings (ECB) and trade credits was also rendered somewhat difficult.
Net inflow on account of ECB during 2008-09 was US $ 8 billion approximately as against US $ 22 billion in the preceding year. On the whole, net capital inflows during 2008-09 were substantially lower than in 2007-08.