Decrease (2002-2017, left scale) Increase (2002-2017, left scale) New job openings (in 2017, right scale)  14 12  3.5  110  2004=100  3.0 105  5.8 2.5  10 2.0  100  8 1.5 6  95  1.0  4  All industries 90  Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
Manufacturing 85  Wholesale and retail trade Medical and nursing care  Other  Construction  Accommodations, eating and drinking services  0.0 Manufacturing  0 Wholesale and retail trade  0.5  Medical and nursing care  2  80 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17  Chart 14  Output Gap and Changes in Supply Capacity Output Gap and Labor Market Tightness 8.0  % points  s.a., ratio Output gap (left scale)  s.a., %  1.5  3.0  1.5  2.0  2.5  1.3  2.5  2.0  3.0  1.5  3.5  1.0  6.0 Active job openings-toapplicants ratio (right scale)  4.0  Unemployment rate (right scale, reverse axis)  2.0  Capital and Labor Input Growth (Contribution to the Potential Output) % points  % points  1.6  Capital input (left scale) 1.2  Labor input (right scale)  0.8  1.1  0.0  4.0  0.5  0.7  4.5  0.0  5.0  -0.5  -2.0 -4.0 0.5  -6.0 -8.0  0.3 83  87  91  95  99  03  07  11  0.4  0.9  15  Sources: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Bank of Japan.