During the same period, the increase in real GDP brought by net export expansion, accumulated over the six-year period,  4  BIS central bankers’ speeches  amounted to 23 trillion yen. The trading losses during the period amounted to 18.7 trillion yen, meaning that the real GDI only grew by 4.3 trillion yen.
We should focus on bringing in higher value-added activities, so that we could provide a strong impetus to the growth of labour productivity and, consequently, the potential output. Second, digitalisation has also been greatly accelerated by the pandemic. Restaurants and shops have digitalised their processes to offer delivery services. People have been working remotely for extended periods of time.