Demographic factor Elderly (60 years old and above) Female (15-59 years old) Male (15-59 years old) Overall  6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 92 CY 1992  94  96  98  00  02  04  06  08  10  12  14  16  18  Notes: 1.
Given that the labor force participation rate is the population-weighted average of all age groups, the change in the labor force participation rate from October 1992 to July 2019 is decomposed into a demographic factor (the effect of changes in the demographic pyramid) and changes in the labor force participation rate of age groups.