The last two questions get understandably less attention in the paper, given the wide scope of the paper. First I want to comment two questions; 1. Hypothesis on external anchor and enforcement powers vis a vis the governments of Member states  2. Stable and satisfactory institutional transition  3.
External anchor and enforcement powers  Regarding the first point, Prof. Roland argues that prospects on EU membership has enforced an institutional reform, but that once inside, incentives to fulfil future reforms will be weaker. The paper builds analogy to weak implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and argues that EU does not have appropriate (very strong) enforcement powers.