Many countries have promulgated special laws to emphasize the importance of the finance for the disadvantaged, such as Federal Agricultural Loan Act, Agricultural Credit Union Act, and Community Investment Statute in the US, Law on Japanese Development Banks, Law on Japan  2  BIS Review 26/2007  Scholarship Society in Japan, KfW-Gesetz (Law on KfW Development Bank) in Germany, Law on Korean Development Bank, Law on Long-term Credit Bank of Korea in South Korea, Act on Agricultural Intermediary Credit and Development Companies in India, etc.
These laws are gradually improved to support and safeguard the development of financial institutions for disadvantaged regions, industrial sectors and groups. Third, a system of supportive policies. Investment in less-developed regions disadvantaged industrial sectors and disadvantaged groups has lower efficiency, diminishing returns, and high risks; therefore, it is very unlikely to secure capital investment if completely market-oriented.