Compared with the country level, the patterns of support vary across regions – considerably so in places. Monetary union supporters were in the majority nationwide in countries such as Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Slovakia. Support for the Economic and Monetary Union varied more strongly across regions within Belgium, Germany, Spain, France and Portugal.
For example, while ECB-sceptics were in the majority in eastern Germany and Bavaria between 2016 and 2019, monetary union supporters dominated in western Germany. [10] Only around a third of those individuals who completed full-time education at the age of 15 or younger are monetary union supporters.