The third additional indicator of success, over and above Matric pass rates, is equity. When education provides social mobility across issues such as gender, race, income and / or geography, it can be judged to be successful. When a lack of equity entrenches, rather than transcends, social patterns, the opposite is clearly true.
Preparedness must be part of the costbenefit analysis and the overall planning of systems – that is, resilience by design. In severe disruptions, years of efficiency gains may be wiped out if recovery is delayed. Regulation plays an important role in safeguarding against risks in the cyber universe.