Codes of conduct  In the wake of the recent scandals of market manipulation, South Africa has been very active in the development of codes of conduct, starting with the Jibar1 Code of Conduct in 2012, the Code of Conduct for authorised Over-the-counter (OTC) Derivative Providers is in the process of being finalised and, most recently, the Code of Conduct for wholesale OTC financial markets (OTC Code) which is still in a developmental phase, having had the benefit of input from relevant financial market stakeholders.
During 2017, the outstanding balance of banks’ non-performing exposures decreased by some € billion, but still remains high (about € billion as at end-2017).