Risk control in the more complex financial conglomerates is often centralized in a single operating unit; the correspondence between company structures and lines of business ceases to exist; group activities are no longer covered by supervisory controls, which are divided by country, type of institution and product.
For a while, New Zealand showed leadership in the retail digital payments space through the adoption of EFTPOS with its ubiquitous agenda-free low-cost convenience, but over time this has been displaced by newer, innovative and more sophisticated payment offerings with new technological, financial and incentive offerings.