For instance, in Japan, workers and management engage in wage negotiations every year called shunto or the spring offensive, which take place collectively across industries in early spring. Until the mid-1990s, base pay increases, that is, across-the-board wage increases reflecting inflation, were common as part of the shunto. In the late 1990s, such base pay increases disappeared.
Another longstanding tradition in Japan was that prices of a wide range of goods and services were raised at the beginning of each fiscal year in April. This practice also disappeared.