The frame of reference in these efforts is to fully utilize the creativity of the private sector, or in other words, to maximize the functioning of the market mechanism. In fact, the driving force for the development of the New York and London markets has been the innovative strength of the market mechanism.
However, the aforementioned demographic trends and new labor opportunities in Mexico, derived from higher economic growth and structural reforms, may result in lower migration flows than those of the 1990s.4 Empirical evidence suggests that immigration has not hurt job creation in the United States and has contributed to output and productivity.