In all, when one considers the labour saving bias of the modern technological transfer, the existence of substantial capital flight, the widespread dearth of trained rural surplus labour, the prevalence of urban surplus labour, the Lewis two sector model, though very valuable as an early conceptual framework for development process, requires considerable modification to fit the reality of contemporary developing nations.
Given the failure of the Lewis model to meet the challenges of the realities of contemporary developing countries, the International-Dependence Revolution model which relies on the belief that developing countries are beset by institutional, political and economic rigidities, both domestic and international, and are caught in a dependent and dominance relationship with rich countries.