However, developments continue to diverge both at country and regional level. Housing markets and finance are heterogeneous across the Nordic countries, too, albeit these economies are in many other respects quite similar to each other. Structural differences exist between countries with respect to lenders’ business models, typical loan products and the level of household indebtedness (slides 12–13).
Conclusion Volatility is a fact of life in both the real economy and financial markets. But a reduction in the variability of output, inflation, and interest rates is generally to be welcomed.