Although manufacturing and agriculture are no longer as significant as they once were in terms of their overall contribution to GDP, Barbados’ exports of manufactured and agricultural products continue to earn valuable foreign exchange. This too is being buffeted by the effects of the global crisis. With the global slowdown affecting the main export markets, exports of goods and services have been constrained.
Two papers use the embargo after the first Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014 to study how firms in France and Latvia adjusted to the shock. The third paper examines how supply bottlenecks due to COVID19 affected the performance of global value chains.