To address them, public economics may naturally draw procedural policies, such as quotas. Yet, substantive economic policies are equally key in achieving sustainable forms of gender parity.
In a seminal work first published in 1949 which remains uncomfortably relevant in today’s world, Simone de Beauvoir noted that the “abstract legal framework alone does not suffice to define the concrete situation of women; this situation depends to a large extent on the economic role women play in society”.