The shareholder value approach typically adopts a short-term perspective and aims to determine the value of a particular reporting entity as if the owners were to sell the entity today in an arm’s length transaction. The short-term perspective in turn builds upon the illusion of efficient markets, rational investors and complete information.
  Household credit has grown by about 7 per cent in Canada since the trough in GDP; in the United States, it has fallen by 3.5 per cent.