Admittedly, the vulnerabilities created by excessively large current account deficits are greater than those associated with surpluses, and therefore require more urgent remedies. Nonetheless, structural factors underlying high and sustained current account surpluses are also partly addressed in the procedure, although not to the same extent as in the case of the countries in deficit.
And they also need to be held accountable for their efforts. Independence is the flip side of accountability; a central bank cannot be easily held to account if private and/or political actors have  1 Tucker, P. 2018. Unelected power. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Page 2 of 11  the ability to sway its decisions.