Banks are on the look-out for a new business model. *  *  *  What do the cases explored here tell us about the connection between research and policy making?
In the real world, things do not follow a simplistic model according to which economic scientists first provide objective advice to policy makers, who then choose from the proposed alternatives the ones they prefer, and then put these into practice. The internal procedures of the official policy planning machinery have this model as its aim, but it is not the complete picture.