So far, in the United States and elsewhere, new technology has created a polarisation of occupations, with employment gains concentrated in low-paid service jobs and  18  J.M. Keynes, “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren”, in Essays in Persuasion, London, MacMillan, 1931. 19  J.E. Meade, Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property, London, Allen & Unwin, 1964.
A similar view would be put forward a couple of decades later by another Nobel Laureate, Wassily Leontief, in “Technological Advance, Economic Growth, and the Distribution of Income”, Population and Development Review, 9, 3, 1983.