By the end of September 2016, PFIP had reached an impressive cumulative total of over 1.1 million clients across the Pacific, already surpassing the programme’s 2019 goal of 1 million clients. These clients are now connected with financial service providers through a  variety of financial services including bank accounts, mobile money, micro insurance, microfinance and more.
European banks have a number of ways of obtaining US dollars including:   short-term debt issuance, including to money market funds;    deposits;    secured borrowing;    swapping euros for US dollars through the swap market;    from the Fed or ECB, including via the US dollar swap line.