Such an umpire in a business sector is typically a public or statutory authority in the form of a regulator or the government which sets the rules for an industry. The fourth category is one where self-regulation and state-imposed regulation co-exist with the regulator or state institution explicitly or implicitly recognizing the SRO.
In September this year, the non-performing loans ratio was 2.8 per cent, reflecting a very good condition of loan portfolio quality.