The practical implication was the construction of the so-called “human development index”, built by the United Nations, which integrates per capita GDP with other indicators to measure the degree of well-being achieved in the various countries. 36. More recently, high emphasis has been placed on the social costs of income inequality, the impact of digitalisation and the environmental sustainability 8  of production.
A set of guidelines for a comprehensive measure of well-being and social progress has been recommended in the OECD Report Beyond GDP (which described the results achieved by an expert group led by Joseph Stiglitz, Jean-Paul Fitoussi and Martine Durand). Experimental indicators are currently being produced in several countries under national initiatives.