(2010).Nonperforming Loans in the GCC Banking System and their Macroeconomic Effects. IMF Working Paper Series WP/10/224. Also see Hou, Yixin and David Dickinson (2007). The Non-Performing Loans: Some Bank-level Evidences. Research Conference on Safety and Efficiency of the Financial System, August 2007. Klein, Nir (2013), ‘Non-Performing Loans in CESEE: Determinants and Impact on Macroeconomic Performance, IMF Working Paper WP/13/72, International Monetary Fund.
7 See ‘Risks and resilience – the European banking sector in 2016’, Speech by Danièle Nouy, Chair of the ECB’s  Supervisory Board, Deutsche Bank – Bank Capital Forum, London, 23 February 2016. Available here.