In the meantime, several severe incidents such as the Stuxnet attack on Iranian nuclear sites, the intrusion into the German Bundestag network, and the penetration of cyber defences in around one hundred banks by the so-called Carbanak gang have helped to raise awareness of the issue. Nowadays, cyber threats are no longer an abstract notion to us.
But, large though these four categories of winnings and losses from property transactions at bubble prices are, they need to be considered alongside the even larger and still growing  BIS central bankers’ speeches  1  accumulated difference between income in the actual Irish economy and that in the counterfactual scenario.