This risk must be countered by supporting, including with innovation, activity in sectors where Italy has important traditions but also serious shortcomings and where production still depends on substantial inputs of labour, diversified according to skills and knowledge.
From the supply perspective, the shale revolution, first for gas and then for oil, is expected to contribute almost a fifth of the increase in global energy supply by 2030. A roughly similar positive contribution is likely from renewable sources of energy – expected to treble by 2030.