Commodity-exporting economies such as Brazil, Russia, and South Africa have been recovering moderately as their central banks have been engaging in monetary easing following the declines in their inflation rates. Since February 2018, global financial markets, mainly in the United States, have exhibited unstable movements.
However, this is considered to represent a strong reaction to the steep stock price rise from the latter half of 2017, which was partly caused by expectations for  1  fiscal expansion in the United States, and to the overheated speculative trading in some countries of financial products, betting on a decline in financial market volatility.