Most dealer banks now routinely employ value-at-risk (VaR) measures to manage the market risks of their trading portfolios and significant strides are being made in the quantitative measurement and management of credit risk. The move to a portfolio-based approach to managing risk has influenced bank supervisory efforts in several other ways.
Over the past three years, higher than expected immigration appears to have been an important factor in moderating labour market pressures and wage outcomes. 4. Monetary policy going forward  In balancing risks and making judgements about monetary policy we view the PTA flexibly, rather than taking a mechanistic approach.