(1992), “Measuring the Independence of Central Banks and Its Effect on Policy Outcomes”, The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 6, No 3, pp. 353–398; and Berger, H., de Haan, J. and Eijffinger, S. (2001), “Central Bank Independence: An Update of Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 15, No 1, pp. 3-40.
4 See, for example, Tucker, P. (2018), “Pristine and Parsimonious Policy: Can Central Banks Ever Get Back to It  and Why They Should Try”, in Hartmann, P., Huang, H. and Schoenmaker, D. (eds. ), The Changing Fortunes of Central Banking, Cambridge University Press. See also Summers, L. (2017), “Central Bank Independence”, Bank of England: ‘Independence – 20 years on’ Conference.