The number of “hidden unemployed” represents those “wishing to work” in the category of “not in the labour force.” A breakdown of figures for those “not in the labour force” is not published on a monthly basis, and therefore, the simple average of three months for the period between January through March 2012 (4.38 million) was used.
BIS central bankers’ speeches  7  D.  Regional areas  Viewed from a different perspective, the decline of the population is likely to have a larger effect on regional areas than on urban ones. If job opportunities in these areas are insufficient, youthful job seekers will leave, causing a population drain and leading to a further shrinkage of regional economies.