In addition to the EU institutions, the Eurosystem and national authorities, it was essential to closely involve the banking sector and security carriers, as well as retailers and the cash-operated machine industry, in the preparations at an early stage, as a smooth changeover, in a short period of time, could only be achieved through a systematic and co-ordinated interaction on the part of all leading actors.
It required organisational, logistical, technical and economic efforts by all parties involved in the use and handling of banknotes and coins. At the end of the day, however, the success of the euro cash changeover also depended on a favourable attitude of and swift acceptance by all citizens.