Without the understanding and support of Ministry of Finance, whether at ministerial or bureaucratic level, it would be very difficult to introduce environmental friendly market based fiscal measures. The fourth speaker in this session, Dr. Stephen Specks used the concept of an environmental fiscal reform (EFR) to address multiple policy objectives (those are environment, fiscal, and poverty reduction).
If the effect of currency mismatches are not properly attended by banks, supervisors at the banking group level, should require additional capital to attend the potential effect, at the banking group level, of the worsening of debtors´ income in hosts markets, and therefore, in subsidiaries capital position and then, in  4  BIS Review 73/2009  parent bank capital positions.