Such policies should improve the micro-foundations of economic growth, which include education and skills training, industrial and trade policy, labour market policies and competition policy. Along these lines the National Development Plan (NDP) has as its central focus the elimination of unemployment, poverty and inequality by 2030.
Within this Plan, nine main challenges are being highlighted, namely:  BIS central bankers’ speeches  1  •  The elevated levels of unemployment;  •  The standard of education, which for a large proportion of learners is arguably of an undesirable quality;  •  Infrastructure, which is not always optimally located, and which at times is undermaintained and insufficient to foster higher growth rates;  •  Spatial patterns which exclude the poor from the benefits of development;  •  An economy is that could be described as overly and unsustainably resource intensive;  •  A widespread disease burden that is compounded by the challenges faced by the public health system;  •  Public services that are uneven and often of in certain circumstances of inadequate quality;  •  The corruption levels that is perceived to be wide spread; and  •  The perception that exist regarding the divisions within the broader society.