At the same time, the share of votes for the largest party has declined from roughly 25 percent to less than 20 percent. More generally in the advanced liberal democracies, the rise of populism has led to an increased fragmentation of the political system.
It has made governing effectively harder, and also made it more difficult to form functioning coalition governments and to carry out structural reforms. Another notable consequence of the rise in populism is its impact on the policies pursued by the mainstream parties.