12 Principle  9  of  the  CPMI/IOSCO  Principles 8/9  on  Financial  Market  Infrastructures  BIS central bankers' speeches  (PFMIs); www.bis.org/cpmi/info_pfmi.htm 13 The issues surrounding the design and issuance of DBM are discussed in much greater length in Mersch, Yves  (2017), “Digital Base Money: an assessment from the ECB’s perspective", speech at the Farewell ceremony for Pentti Hakkarainen, Deputy Governor of Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank, European Central Bank, 16 January.
In pursuit of this, an assessment of compliance with the Core Principles of Effective Banking Supervision of member countries was carried out which identified the problem of member countries to include among others: lack of information sharing; risk management; opportunities for money laundering; and lack of remedial measures.