Sources: Finance Canada Fiscal Reference Tables 2015 for fiscal years 1970–71 to 2014–15, Federal Budget 2016 for 2015–  Chart 4:  Last observation: 2015–16  Federal government debt in Canada, 1970–2015 As a per cent of GDP, annual data  % 70 60 50 40 30 20 10  1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000  2005  2010  Sources: Finance Canada Fiscal Reference Tables 2015 for fiscal years 1970–71 to 2014-15, Federal Budget 2016 for 2015-16  BIS central bankers’ speeches  0 2015 Last observation: 2015-16  11  Chart 5:  Canada's terms of trade, 1970–2015 Index: 1970=1, annual data  Index 1.3  1.2  1.1  1.0  1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000  2005  2010  0.9 2015  Sources: Statistics Canada and Bank of Canada calculations  Chart 6:  Last observation: 2015  Exchange rate $ 1970–2015 Annual data 1.1  1.0  0.9  0.8  0.7  1970  1975  1980  1985  Sources: Statistics Canada and Bank of Canada calculations  12  1990  1995  2000  2005  2010  0.6 2015 Last observation: 2015  BIS central bankers’ speeches  Chart 7: Faster fiscal consolidation over the 1985–95 period Annual data a.
Federal total balance Per cent of GDP  % 1  b.