1 H. Esselink and L. Hernández (2017), The use of cash by households in the euro area, ECB Occasional Paper  Series, No. 201, November 2017. 2 Deutsche Bundesbank (2018), Payment behaviour in Germany in 2017 – fourth study of the utilisation of cash  and cashless payment instruments.
This is to allow these central banks to lend US dollars to banks in their jurisdiction. Until recently, however, banks had not made much use of this facility, instead seeking to reduce their need for US dollars by selling US dollar assets and cutting back on cross-border financing.