Since the invasion of Ukraine, business surveys, both in Italy and abroad, show that a trend, though still moderate, is underway towards the regionalization and diversification of supply chains. In Italy at least, this trend is stronger among the firms more exposed to China.
Public policies too should aim to protect and diversify the sourcing of commodities and essential intermediate inputs, though this kind of adjustment will take time and entail costs that cannot be ignored. It is hampered by the geographical distribution of primary resources and, at least in the short term, by the high level of specialization of certain production processes.