The reasons for prolonged low growth in the wake of a major shock are often divided into the following three causes: (1) hysteresis effects, where, for example, an increase in unemployment at the time of the shock affects labor input during the recovery period; (2) stagnation of capital input due to constraints on business fixed investment; and (3) stagnation of technological progress.
People around the world are creating a gigantic amount of data every second by using smartphones for SNS posting, browsing websites and issuing location data through playing games in their daily lives. Some estimate that over 90 percent of the data produced in the history of humanity have been created in the last two years alone. Data processing capabilities have also improved substantially.