The macroprudential instruments that are being considered are classified into three categories, namely capital-based instruments (including countercyclical capital buffers, sectoral capital requirements, and dynamic provisions), asset-side instruments (including loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratio caps), and liquidity-based instruments (including countercyclical liquidity requirements). These tools are intended to target the sources of systemic risk, such as liquidity and maturity mismatches, leverage, and interconnectedness.
Furthermore, institutions domiciled in the UK should also bear in mind that, after leaving the EU, it will no longer be possible to participate in the TARGET2 payment system in the same way. The affected credit institutions therefore need to take action. The Bunde​sbank has already been in touch to this effect with account holders that may be affected and, where necessary, offered support.