The ECB has decided that the frontloading and sub-frontloading of euro banknotes and coins can start as of 1 September 2001. Frontloading is the advance distribution of euro banknotes and coins to those credit institutions that are counterparties for monetary policy operations within the Eurosystem.
Hermann Remsperger: Financial market trends in Germany Speech by Professor Hermann Remsperger, Member of the Directorate of the Deutsche Bundesbank, at the European Summit of Financial Journalists, Frankfurt, 29 October 2001. *  *  *  Banks play a relatively dominant role in the German financial system.