This was triggered by developments in some countries that were at the time in the process of transferring the supervisory function from the central bank to independent authorities.
For this keynote address, I will not focus on these challenges; rather, I will highlight three elements which I believe are essential in overcoming challenges and in achieving a quantum leap in financial inclusion. First is research and measurement; second is purposeful action and innovation informed by research; and third is convergence of objectives and actions across domestic, regional and international arenas.