One of the cardinal principles of co-operation as accepted by International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) is “member economic participation” indicating contributing equitably to, and controlling democratically, the capital of co-operative by the members. 46. Many of the problems faced by the UCBs are due to governance issues and lack of professionalism. 47.
In this book he once again advanced his strong criticism of the interpretation that ascribed the economic acceleration observed during the Giolitti era to a take-off, a big spurt, mostly determined by domestic developments. He fought for an alternative interpretation until his very last writings, against his “neo-gerschenkronian” opponents, as he labelled them.