In turn, this means that policymakers should incorporate the implications of globalisation in the design of environmental, education, productivity, and social protection policy frameworks (Dunning 1993, Rodrik 1997, Rodrik 2010). It also means that European-level and global-level policy institutions are necessary if cross-border spillovers are to be adequately addressed.
Another recent development is the increasing adoption of programs to “convert” or “electronify” checks at the point of sale. These programs typically use a check, or information from a check, to generate an electronic payment from the consumer to the merchant that is cleared through the automated clearinghouse (ACH) or electronic funds transfer (EFT) networks.