Loan-to-Value restrictions Loan-to-Value restrictions (or LVRs) have been used by a number of countries in response to excessive credit growth and overheated housing markets and, on balance, appear to have met with some success.
At least three things stand out from the discussions of payments and banking in this earlier era. First, a number of the predictions from the mid-1960s about the payments system were in the end remarkably accurate. The fact that cash and checks have not disappeared should not blind us to the fact that real change has taken place.