We know that employers are making greater use of employment agencies and short-term contractors 13  See A.-K. Cormier, M. Francis, K. Hess and G. Poulin-Bellisle, “Drivers of Weak Wage Growth in Advanced Economies,” Bank of Canada Staff Analytical Note No. 2019-3 (January 2019). 14 Autor et al.
(2017) document evidence showing that US industries have become more concentrated on average (see D. Autor, D. Dorn, L. F. Katz, C. Patterson and J. van Reenen, “The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 23396 [May 2017]).