The unified supervision and the resolution tools of the SRM in particular may have some impact on funding costs. •  While the net impact of the Banking Union on the banks’ funding costs is less straight-forward to assess, the benefits of better credibility of supervision and eventually also of a larger pool of resources for crisis resolution would be positive for banks.
The increase in GDP produced by EU membership may turn out to be as high as 40% for the 12 new members,4 which would not be surprising, since the EU is by far the main trading partner for countries in central and eastern Europe and the main source of FDI.