Source: Computed from Statistical Tables relating to Banks in India, RBI, various years  Improvements in efficiency of the banking system are also reflected, inter alia, in costs of intermediation. which, defined as the ratio of operating expense to total assets, witnessed a gradual reduction in the post reform period across various bank groups barring foreign banks (Table 6).
The key target markets for the Development Banking Products are the SMEs with huge growth potential. To further address the structural rigidities in pricing of credit, CBK will later in March 2010 launch a study report on collateral system and associated costs in Kenya.