The framework should include a clear priority towards expenditure rationalization and efficiency, as well as improving revenue collection capacity. 40. Ghana’s public debt has reached 71 percent of the estimated GDP  at the end of September 2020, fairly above the maximum early warning sustainability threshold of 70 percent for the Market Access Countries (MACs).
In the United States, as early as 1853, more than a half-century before the Federal Reserve System came into existence, private banks in the New York area formed an exchange and settlement system that economized on the movement of paper and settlement balances.