VUCA, an acronym which stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, refers to a situation in which large-scale changes make it difficult to predict the future. 3  7  From this perspective, it is also vital to develop both a social safety net and a sustainable social security system that encourage active risk taking.
For example, corporate pensions are a key factor in enabling working people of child-rearing age to change jobs without adding to their anxiety about post-retirement years. To encourage the broader adoption of corporate pension plans among SMEs, the Japanese government introduced in 2018 a simplified defined-contribution pension plan, and iDeCo+ (iDeCo Plus), a defined-contribution plan for small and medium-sized businesses.