All told, after an unprecedented contraction in the first half of the year, U.S. gross domestic product appears likely to have reversed more than one-half of that decline in the third quarter. But within the overall improvement, some groups and sectors continue to see depressed employment, income, and revenues. Sustained disparities can hold back the recovery and lead to worse overall outcomes.
While regulatory changes might create the conditions for the reinvention of business models, ultimately this is an issue that the shareholders and management of Islamic financial institutions will need to address.