For example, in 2005 cross-border interbank loans account for 30% of total interbank loans and the share of crossborder bank holdings of non-bank securities in the total holdings of such securities by banks is more than 45%; in 1997, however, both figures stood at around 20%. Second, a number of large and complex institutions spanning several jurisdictions have emerged.
In order to achieve this, it is a necessary condition that firms’ and households’ medium- to long-term inflation expectations – on which basis they carry out their economic activities – increase to about 2 percent and remain stable at that level.