Consequently, their capacity to lift their populations out of poverty, reduce inequality and achieve the aspirational goals of development is endangered as well as their ability to harness the benefits 2 Kose, M. A. and Ohnsorge, F., (eds), (2023), Falling Long-Term Growth Prospects: Trends,  Expectations, and Policies, World Bank, Washington, DC. I draw heavily on this comprehensive work to tease out stylised trends.
3  of newer technologies stemming from green transition and the digital revolution. What is worrisome is that for EMDEs, all the drivers of growth – factor re-allocations; human capital formation; the share of working age population; investment growth – are losing strength at the same time.