Figures incorporate the effects of the October 2019 tax hike and policies concerning the provision of free education. Sources: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Central Labour Relations Commission; Japanese Trade Union Confederation (Rengo); Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 12  Chart 13  III.
Toward Sustaining a Virtuous Cycle  Households' Tolerance of Price Rises and Firms' Price-Setting Stance Output Prices DI for Consumption-Related Industries  Households' Tolerance of Price Rises 10  DI ("favorable" - "unfavorable"), % points  30  DI ("rise" - "fall"), % points  20  Firms' forecasts  5  10 0  0 -10  -5  Large enterprises -20 Small enterprises  -10  -30 -15 CY 83  88  93  98  03  08  13  18  -40 CY07  09  11  13  15  17  Notes: 1.