European Parliamentary Research Service (2022), “Securing the EU's supply of critical raw materials”, July. 5. McKinsey (2022), “Taking the pulse of shifting supply chains”, 26 August. 6. Lagarde, C. (2022), “A new global map: European resilience in a changing world”, keynote speech at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, 22 April. 7. Caldara, D. et al.
(2023), “Do Geopolitical Risks Raise or Lower Inflation?”, 15 February. 8. Attinasi, M.-G., Boeckelmann, L. and Meunier, B. (2023), “Friend-shoring global value chains: a modelbased assessment”, Economic Bulletin, ECB, Issue 2. 9. ECB (2022), “The international role of the euro”, June. 10. The benefits of international currency use include seigniorage, lower transaction and hedging costs, and lower external financing costs (“exorbitant privilege”).