14  BIS central bankers’ speeches  Figure 11 Gross bond issues by Italian non-financial corporations (millions of euros and numbers) 40,000  350  35,000  300  30,000  250  25,000  200  20,000  150  15,000  100  10,000  50  5,000 -  0 2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  Number of issues (RH scale)  2007  2008  2009  2010  Number of issuers (RH scale)  2011  2012  2013 (1)  Gross issues (LH scale)  Sources: Bank of Italy and Dealogic.
The system enables banks to exchange payment messages with the Reserve Bank and, through the Reserve Bank, between themselves. •  Secure high value fund transfers between participating banks The SAMOS system processes all fund transfer messages received by the Reserve Bank. SAMOS will eventually enable banks to effect their payments in real time through a fully auditable and robust system.