I cannot help but notice that these areas are the same where reforms are called for still today for the Italian economy as a whole. In 2003 Riccardo and I wrote two papers on the dismal performance of the Italian economy.
Instead, bottlenecks are often caused by a lack of construction or planning capacity, as well as protracted approval procedures. Ladies and gentlemen,  a sound welfare system helps those who are hit particularly hard by structural change. But that alone is not enough. Our aim must be to ensure that as many people as possible can grasp the opportunities presented by this change.