The creation of an appropriate institutional framework is a necessary condition for the development of modern financial systems.
Some initiatives include (a) Sudan Government Investment Certificates based on pool of Ijara, Salam, and Murabahah instruments to raise long term financing, one year maturity Government Musharakah Certificates based on equity partnerships; (b) Bay al-dayn (debt trading) Government Investment Issues (GII) by Malaysia; and (c) Baharian al-salam Sukuks whereby Government agrees to sell forward to Islamic banks a commodity (typically aluminium) against spot payment.