Internal capabilities should be developed to exercise independent judgment on credit risks at such organizations. 2  BIS Review 47/2009  2)  Fair value accounting, mark-to-market and mark-to-model  Both IFRS and GAAP require mixed value measurements of different type of assets and liabilities according to their features and the management's intentions of holding them, i.e.
Since mid-2014, our monetary policy stance has been determined by the combination of three instruments: first, low policy interest 1/7  BIS central bankers' speeches  rates; second, asset purchases in financial markets and targeted long-term refinancing operations for banks; reinforced by, third, forward guidance on both.