5 In response to the globally heightened inflationary pressure, the number of central banks that decided on a  policy rate hike for the October-December quarter of 2021 was 31, increasing from 23 for the July-September quarter.
6 Presuming that the first passage time probability of a stochastic process obeys the Wald distribution, the  probability of inflation rates hitting a threshold before a time horizon is estimated, assuming a 2 percent threshold and measurement horizon of two years.