Elementary and secondary schooling Deciding what and how to teach students from kindergarten through high school and then evaluating our schools’ effectiveness in preparing students for the workforce and a lifetime of  4  The results of two prominent international assessments – The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, conducted under the aegis of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Program for International Student Assessment – are summarized in the 2006 Digest of Education Statistics published by the U.S. Department of Education (2007a).
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d06/ch_6.asp  5  More information on the Early Childhood Research Collaborative and copies of its research papers can be obtained from the website of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, www.earlychildhoodrc.org. 4  BIS Review 106/2007  learning is a daunting task.