In the left-hand chart, figures are the producer price index (PPI) for all commodities (adjusted to exclude the effects of the consumption tax hikes). 2. In the right-hand chart, figures for the United States and the euro area are the overall CPI and overall HICP, respectively. Figures for Japan are the CPI for all items excluding fresh food.
Sources: Bank of Japan; Haver; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 6  Chart 7  II.