The Bank's Conduct of Monetary Policy  BOJ's Conduct of Monetary Policy Assessment of Economic Activity and Prices from Two Perspectives  The first perspective Examining the outlook for economic activity and prices deemed most likely by the Bank of Japan  The second perspective Examining, in a longer term, various risks that are most relevant to the conduct of monetary policy  Excerpt from September 2019 Statement on Monetary Policy  The Bank will continue with "Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE) with Yield Curve Control," aiming to achieve the price stability target of 2 percent, as long as it is necessary for maintaining that target in a stable manner.
Moreover, Asian countries have accumulated over $ trillion in foreign exchange reserves, with China alone holding $ billion at the end of 2005. One factor contributing to this buildup of reserves is that some of these countries, most notably China, have been operating with fixed or tightly managed exchange rates (vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar) that are widely considered to be undervalued.