3 The higher participation rates of African American women have been attributed to different cultural norms that developed during slavery and the legacy of slavery, which left blacks impoverished and with low levels of education, making women’s wages an important source of family income (Boustan and Collins, 2013; Goldin, 1977).
To achieve this goal, the Clearing and Settlement systems should be subject to regulatory and supervisory requirements that are designed to ensure that they are fair, effective and efficient while reducing credit, settlement and the possibility of systemic risk.