100  Investor base in Emerging Asia  3  Bank credit  80  Pension funds Insurance Mutual funds Deposit money banks  2  60  1 40 20  0  0  1996  2006  2016  Note: Emerging Asia is the aggregate of China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Sources: Asian Bonds Online; The World Bank, World Development Indicators. Notes: 1. As of end-2013 except for India’s deposit-money-banks figure which refers to end-March 2014. 2. Figures for Pension funds and Mutual funds for Indonesia and Vietnam, and Insurance for Hong Kong are not available. Sources: The IMF, International Financial Statistics; National central banks; The World Bank, Global Financial Development Database.