Instruments In terms of instruments, inflows to India are subject to a hierarchy of preferences with direct investment preferred over portfolio flows, rupee denominated debt preferred over foreign currency debt and medium and long-term debt preferred over short-term debt.
At the same time, Finland lost some of her traditional export markets when the Soviet Union collapsed. In the course of the ensuing economic crisis, Finland’s GDP fell by some 14 per cent. The Finnish markka was first devalued (November 1991) and the floated (September 1992), depreciating all in all by about 30 per cent against the European currency unit (ECU).