The latest observations are for the first quarter of 2023 for credit standards, May 2023 for loans and June 2023 for rates. Of course, loan volumes and lending rates are the product of both credit demand and credit supply forces.
Establishing the respective contributions is crucial to understand the underlying sources of credit fluctuations, even if the underlying credit demand and credit supply schedules are unobservable. While the evidence from surveys and aggregate data is useful in showing in which direction credit conditions are travelling more broadly, confounding factors might pose difficulties in interpreting aggregate measures.