Central banks felt a moral and ethical obligation to expand their policy toolkits in responding to such challenges. In my opinion, there has come a time for central banks to move forward, by taking the role of institutional leadership, on top of the policy excellence they have always delivered.
Events like today are important to reinforce that relationship. In my first speech as Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, back in 2019, I spoke about resilience through some of the big changes we as a society are facing, in particular the changing financial system, technological change, and climate change.