Business investment, on the other hand, showed a smaller decrease, but remains alarmingly low (4.8% of GDP in 2017, compared with 8% in 2007). Excluding depreciation, net capital investment by businesses has remained negative since 2009, standing at about € billion or –2.4% of nominal GDP in the third quarter of 2017.
A review of central banks’ monetary policy strategies could serve this purpose; many central banks are currently involved in doing precisely that. I am sure that this workshop will provide important insights on all these issues.