Plug-in arrangements such as APIs to provide access to new participants to the network, including Bigtechs. 4. Capacity to operate ledger services, as a requirement to implement a CBDC facility. Another involvement of Bigtechs in the financial system that central bankers must evaluate is the provision of back-office services to the financial system.
A clear example is on cloud computing, that could entail business continuity and systemic risks. I conclude stressing that developing an open payment and financial ecosystem safeguarding public interest should be at the top of the local and international agenda: 1) Adequately regulated, Bigtechs and large customer networks could help promote financial inclusion in three key dimensions, payments, investing and financing.