Thus, ageing poses serious challenges on the fisc, which require immediate policy responses. In this regard, public pension reforms and health insurance would play a key role in alleviating the fiscal burden. V.  Policy response and lessons from developed countries  Population ageing has many serious developmental linkages with a potential to jeopardize economic and planning strategies.
7 See Badinger, H. (2005), “Growth effects of economic integration: evidence from the EU Member States”, Review  of World Economics, 141(1): 50–78. 8 See ECB (2017), “Firm heterogeneity and competitiveness in the European Union”, Economic Bulletin, Issue  2/2017. 9 See Nerlich, C. and J. Schroth (2018), “The economic impact of population ageing and pension reforms”,  Economic Bulletin, Issue 2/2018.