These health and humanitarian budget allocation needs include vaccination programs, hospital fees, medicines, medical devices and medical personnel. Once again, the close synergy between fiscal policy and monetary policy has saved Indonesia from a multidimensional crisis, namely the health crisis, social crisis, exchange rate and monetary crisis, fiscal crisis, financial system crisis, and economic crisis.
The resilience of the Indonesian economy is also the result of policy innovations taken by the Government and Bank Indonesia. The challenges we face, both because of the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of global spillover, are complex and multidimensional. Conceptual understanding of theory and practice in dealing with crises is clearly needed.