Third, they will act as the ESCB’s operative entities in carrying out monetary and foreign exchange policies as well as policies relating to payment systems and in compiling monetary and balance-of-payments statistics. Fourth, the national central banks will contribute the ECB’s capital and, as “the owners” of the ECB, also receive their share of ECB income.
Consequently, some policy models were introduced including the Grameen Bank Model, the Wholesale Micro Finance Model, the Directed Lending Model, Project-Based Micro Credit Model, and the FINGOs and the SACCOs Model.