The standardized approach and the Internal Ratings Based approach, either Foundation or Advanced. The standardized model of Basel II relies on impartial actors to assist in the calculation of regulatory capital. Here, I make reference to the external credit assessment institutions.
Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell: SEPA goes live Speech by Ms Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the Launch event organised by the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the European Payments Council, Brussels, 28 January 2008. *  *  *  The countdown is over! Today, 28 January 2008, SEPA goes live!