In this context, economic growth depends on the capacity to incorporate and foster innovation, which requires adequate spending on new technologies, and on the quantity and quality of investment in education, from primary school to university. The delays accumulated in innovation and education and their interrelation with the structure of the productive system are most likely at the root of Italy’s weak economic growth.
Innovation 8. A long-standing problem whose importance has increased in Italy in the more recent decades is the very low level of spending in research and development (R&D).