Monthly shipments of computers and peripherals, for example, fell by about 40 percent from their peak in 1999 through their trough in 2001. Sales by communications equipment producers slumped just as sharply. Outside the high-tech sector, production also declined. Assemblies of commercial aircraft slowed abruptly. In addition, the construction of office and industrial buildings fell off noticeably.
Banks are mentioned here as an example of a payment service provider (PSP) that could distribute the digital euro. The Eurosystem believes that all PSPs as defined in the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) – i.e. credit institutions, electronic money institutions and payment institutions – could distribute the digital euro. 13.