33 While long-term evidence on these instruments is not yet available, permanent measures that address structural regulatory weaknesses and that are relatively straightforward to implement and supervise will likely be the most effective over time. In Canada, we have had four successive rounds of macroprudential tightening, primarily in terms of the rules for insured mortgages (Figure 1).
So let me thank all the presenters, discussants and panellists who will share their views with us and provide useful insights on how to foster a safer financial system and a better economy. 4  Designed and printed by the Printing and Publishing Division of the Bank of Italy