There are efforts currently underway to obtain more disclosure from hedge funds, and to develop some procedures for “bailing in” private-sector creditors. Some have suggested that collective action clauses should be built into bonds, and this seems broadly a good idea.
The Federal Reserve's interest rate decision in December was very well telegraphed and understood. So it, per se, doesn't really count as a ‘shock’. It resulted in the expected sorts of effects – like a turnaround in earlier international capital flows to emerging markets. Some of these actually began ahead of the event itself.