In this regard, the Europe of payments should seize the  opportunity offered by the digital revolution to develop a pan European payment 3/4  BIS central bankers' speeches  solution. Our institutions are an integral component of this European ecosystem and intend to play their full part in it: the Banque de France Lab, the ACPR Fintech-Innovation unit, with its joint ACPR-AMF Fintech Forum, and all public authorities, are fully mobilised to support the expansion and growth of this ecosystem. Second, we also apply this injunction to innovate to ourselves: we can only achieve our objectives and truly support the market if we ourselves are innovative. In this respect, our projects are and must remain numerous. I have already mentioned MADRE, I would like to make a special mention of our analysis of “weak signals” by artificial intelligence, to detect fragile companies. This project is remarkable by the cooperation that it involves between a wide variety of public players: the Direction générale des entreprises (DGE), the Délégation générale à l’emploi et à la formation professionnelle (DGEFP), the Agence centrale des organismes de sécurité sociale (ACOSS) and the Direction interministérielle du numérique et du système d’information et de communication de l’État (DINSIC) and of course the Banque de France. Our search for innovation also means innovation in work methods and project implementation: intrapreneurship, which we have set up at the ACPR, is a good illustration of this.
The specificities of the changes brought about by the digital revolution and in particular the multinational scope of the resulting network effects also require us to advocate for a reinforcement of international cooperation between authorities in order to ensure a better coherence of the national regulatory frameworks and to propose changes that affect global governance. To illustrate this point, I will choose an example outside the financial sector: that of the general regulation on the protection of personal data (RGPD). By setting up a common framework for the protection and circulation of personal data, the European Union has not only harmonised its regulations and reaffirmed its own values, but has also defined a global 2/4  BIS central bankers' speeches  reference in this area, raising interest among many partners, in particular the United States, shaken by repeated scandals whose symbol remains Cambridge Analytica. In my view, our proposals and actions should be guided by two principles. First of all, we need to think in terms of an open system. We must take into account the development of interactions of all kinds between the participants in the various “ecosystems” on which the development of financial services is now based. It is a prerequisite for being able  to legitimately claim to regulate interconnections. It is also a prerequisite for ensuring an appropriate perimeter for the regulations to be adapted as well as the coordination and coherence at national, European and international level of these adaptations.