Niveaux des ratios de solvabilité et de levier des principales banques européennes et américaines  Ratios Tier 1 des principales banques européennes  Ratios Tier 1 des principales banques américaines  Source : Rapports financiers des banques  Ratios core Tier 1 des principales banques européennes  Ratios common Tier 1 des principales banques américaines  Source : Rapports financiers des banques * Pour BNPP : common Tier 1 ratio ** Pour BBVA : core capital ratio  Si le Tier 1 est défini par la réglementation, le ratio de fonds propre « core » ne l’est pas. Selon les pays et même selon les banques, on parle de core Tier 1 ou de common Tier 1 ou encore de core capital ratio. Ces termes ne recouvrent pas toujours la même définition des fonds propres car il ne s’agit pas d’une mesure réglementaire mais d’un indicateur davantage destiné au marché, sur lequel les banques disposent de plus de liberté pour son calcul et sa communication. A noter que même le core Tier 1 et le common Tier 1 ne sont pas toujours définis de la même manière par les banques. 6  BIS central bankers’ speeches  Levier des principales banques européennes  Levier des principales banques américaines  Source : Rapports financiers des banques (calculs Banque de France - SEMASFI)  2.
It is therefore essential that, while staying abreast of innovations in the financial world and taking on the changes that are required to stay competitive and improve efficiency, the domestic banking sector must also continue to build upon the strengths of the traditional model. By contrast, the financial turmoil of recent years has had a negative effect across many countries, particularly on financial institutions that rely on wholesale funding sources. In response to the rapid drying up of the interbank markets and with liquidity abruptly disappearing in many key financial markets in the euro area, the Eurosystem has for the past three years been implementing a broad programme of enhanced credit support. In particular, the Eurosystem has been providing liquidity on a fixed rate and full allotment basis and has also extended the maturity of its re-financing operations. These non-standard measures have been instrumental in avoiding a credit crunch and supporting financial stability. These measures are designed to ensure an effective transmission of monetary policy – to maintain the flow of credit to the real economy, avoiding liquidity problems and supporting growth in productive activity. However, there may be instances where the availability of these funding sources may induce some credit institutions to embark on alternative business models where access to central bank funding becomes the primary source of funding. I would like to make it very clear that the Central Bank of Malta is not prepared to support such ventures. When the conditions are favourable a higher leverage ratio increases the return on capital.