household 70 ahead items  80  240  70  210  60  60  180  240  Housing (3)  210  Commercial  180 Consumer  50  50  150  150  40  40  120  120  30  90  90  20  60  60  Current personal economic situation  30 20 07  09  11  13  15  IPEC 02  17  05  08  11  14  17  (1) Value above (below) 50 indicates optimism (pessimism). (2) Weighted averaged rates of all operations performed in each month. (3) Loans denominated in UFs. Sources: Adimark and Central Bank of Chile using SBIF information. Figure 6 Contribution of GFCF to annual GDP growth  Imports of capital goods (annual change, percent)  (percentage points)  2.0  2.0  1.5  1.5 GFCF  1.0 0.5  1.0 Machinery & equipment 0.5  0.0  0.0  -0.5  -0.5  -1.0  -1.0  -1.5  Construction & -1.5 other works -2.0  -2.0 15  16  17  80 60  80 Total  60  40  40  20  20  0  0  -20  -20  Minus other -40 transportation (*) -60 -60 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -40  (*) Excludes non-regular transportation vehicles (airplanes, ships, helicopters and trains). Source: Central Bank of Chile.
The PSD has provided the Bank with a new, higher resolution lens on household and housing market behaviour. For example, in 2014 the PSD was used by the Bank’s Financial Policy Committee (FPC) to help inform and calibrate its decisions on setting macro-prudential restrictions on high loan-to-income mortgages to UK households. 30  Since then, we have used these data to track the characteristics of existing mortgagors with 31  high loan-to-income and high loan-to-value mortgages over time. 32  PSD data have been used to understand  And they have also been used to calibrate a multi-sector,  pricing decisions in the UK housing market. 33  agent-based model of the UK housing market. The Bank and the ONS have over recent years been developing a more comprehensive set of data on flows of funds between institutions. The hope is that these data help in tracking not only portfolio shifts but also how these might affect financial markets and the wider economy. For example, do portfolio reallocations by 34  institutional investors affect asset markets and have knock-on effects for spending? Answering questions  35  like this helps, for example, when assessing the efficacy of quantitative easing. 29  https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/articles/vatturnoverinitialresearchanalysisuk/december June 2014 Financial Stability Report. 31 Chakraborty, Gimpelewicz and Uluc (2017). 32 Bracke and Tenreyro (2016) and Benetton, Bracke and Garbarino (2018). 33 Baptista et al (2016). 34 Bank of England and Procyclicality Working Group (2014).