We still need to re-establish multilateralism on the basis of three convictions stemming from our European experience, with its limitations:  Page 9 of 10  -  an agenda that meets people's expectations: more inclusive growth, and the protection of common public goods, starting with the climate  -  an ability to decide and act comprehensively with regard to a few wellidentified projects, rather than discussing everything, at too much length. -  a distinction between the independence of states – which may be formal – and real sovereignty on key issues. Emmanuel Macron was among the first who dared to advocate a "European sovereignty", which is still an oxymoron for many, who only dream of national sovereignty. But it is this common sovereignty that Mario Draghi promoted in a speech in Bologna last February, stressing that: “independence does not guarantee sovereignty" and that "countries need to work together to exercise sovereignty.” xxv Let me give you a testimony: this is what we have achieved with the euro. It is never easy – we have cultural differences, including economic differences. But we are proud to have created together a sovereign currency, globally respected, with popular support – 76% of citizens are attached to the euro – and a federal institution – the Eurosystem, consisting of the ECB and the 19 national central banks – which is undoubtedly the one that works the best in Europe. ** A social, environmental and multilateral model must now be Europe’s message to the world.
» Issue Brief 2019-3 – March 2019 xvii Philippe Aghion, Gilbert Cette, Elie Cohen, Changer de modèle, Odile Jacob, 2014 xviii OECD (2016), PISA 2015. xix OECD xx OECD (2016), PISA 2015: on average, the PISA 2015 sample covers 90% of the national population of 15-yearolds in Europe/EU/euro area. For the OECD, this coverage rate is an approximate measure of enrolment rates in grade 7 or higher. xxi OECD (2018, 2016) Education at a Glance. xxii OECD (2018), Equity in Education: Breaking Down Barriers to Social Mobility, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris. Performances measured in science xxiii Column in Les Echos, 20 April 2018 xxiv Hans Jonas (1991), The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age xxv Mario Draghi (2019) Sovereignty in a globalised world, Speech at the University of Bologna, 22 February xxvi Simone Veil, President of the European Parliament, 1979