Due to this pivotal function, the banking sector plays a crucial part in the transmission of monetary policy. On the other hand, however, it may also be the source of financial shocks that impact on the real economy. Second, the industry is itself a large part of the Swiss economy. The significance of the financial industry and our position as a global financial centre are important contributors to the wealth of our nation. This is especially apparent here in Zurich, where the financial sector generates much employment, wealth and tax revenue. In my remarks, I will first discuss the macroeconomic challenges associated with the banking sector’s key role in the transmission of monetary policy, as well as the risk that it may  BIS central bankers’ speeches  1  propagate financial shocks to the economy. Then, I will discuss the challenges for the industry itself. Lastly, I will address the main implications from the SNB’s point of view. Macroeconomic challenges Let me start by focusing on the macroeconomic challenges associated with the importance of the Swiss financial industry, and, in particular, the banking sector, for the rest of the economy. The main reason why the banking sector is so important for the Swiss economy and the SNB lies in its traditional function as financial intermediary. As banks collect funds and provide financing to firms and households, they are the “life blood” of the economy. Related to this traditional function, there are two distinct aspects I would like to point out.
They responded positively to the Bank’s recommendations, and there was no question that credit growth slowed substantially. However, there are now many indications of a return to the earlier situation, so the Bank must reiterate its words of warning. At the same time as the Central Bank announced its interest rate decision yesterday, it published Monetary Bulletin. This outlines the main assumptions behind the Bank’s decision along with indications about its policy in the near future and the viewpoints it considers important to bear in mind for economic policy. In the current edition, major changes were made to the assumptions behind the baseline forecast, which enhance both the credibility of the forecast and monetary policy transparency. By doing so, the Central Bank of Iceland joined the vanguard of the inflation-targeting central banks. Monetary Bulletin reveals that inflation developments have turned rather more favourable than the Bank’s previous forecast had indicated, and although underlying inflation was somewhat higher in February and March than was hoped, the Bank expects both headline and underlying inflation to decrease rapidly in the next months. By both measures, inflation will be close to target from the middle of 2008. There is no doubt that this outcome is largely thanks to the tight monetary stance, which included raising the policy rate by 3.75 percentage points last year. As usual it should be pointed out – and especially in the current climate – that exchange rate uncertainties can complicate this picture.