We regularly meet with our counterparts from all over the world at the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), not far from the WWZ, to discuss the challenges facing us. These challenges have always revolved around monetary policy and financial stability. The increasing digitalisation of the financial sector opens up another area for discussion. Against this backdrop, the BIS announced a few months ago that it was launching an Innovation Hub. The aim of the Hub is to study technological developments with the potential to improve the functioning of financial markets and support central banks in fulfilling their mandates. Furthermore, it will provide a network for central banks to exchange knowledge on innovations. One of the Hub’s three regional centres will be in Switzerland, and will be operated jointly with the SNB. The word ‘innovation’ brings me to the subject of my speech tonight. Issuers and types of money Ladies and gentlemen, how do you pay your bill in your favourite restaurant? With cash, card or smartphone? We already have various payment options at our disposal, and these are typically based on cash or book money. In the not-too-distant future you may also be able to pay using a ‘digital token’. Money in the form of a token? What’s that, you may ask? Before we get into the detail, let’s first remind ourselves of the similarities and differences between the various types of money. Given that Basel lies at the intersection of three countries, your favourite restaurant might well be in France or Germany.
Whether or not a banking licence is required, stable coin issuers must abide by certain regulations just like any other financial market participant. These range from investor and data protection to rules on combating money laundering and terrorism financing. As you see, ladies and gentlemen, stable coins present many regulatory challenges, which in turn require close cooperation between the various authorities. This is particularly true of cross-border projects like Libra. In addition to the regulatory issues, there is the question of whether stable coins might influence the effectiveness of monetary policy. If Swiss franc stable coins were to proliferate in Switzerland, this would have no immediate impact on the effectiveness of our monetary policy. In such a scenario, the Swiss franc would remain the relevant currency. The stable coins pegged to Swiss francs would simply be another Swiss franc-denominated form of money alongside bank deposits and cash. As long as prices, wages and loans are set in Swiss francs, the SNB can influence incentives for savers and borrowers via its monetary policy and thus ensure price stability over the medium term. However, if stable coins pegged to foreign currencies were to establish themselves in Switzerland, the effectiveness of our monetary policy could be impaired. How close stable coins will get to good money and what additional benefits they will offer versus traditional types of money remains to be seen. What matters is that the various book and token money providers operate under identical competitive and regulatory conditions.