The third motivation for more equity is that some companies who can bridge the virus disruption effectively with more debt could then consider their balance sheets overstretched. During the crisis, debt is the natural – fastest – way to raise finance for most companies. That’s why so much support has been provided to allow it to be raised. But it could leave an overhang. That overhang won’t be one that, at current interest rates, presents an acute problem. The share of companies with interest payments taking up a material fraction of revenues is likely to remain low. But it could create a chronic issue for the economy in the longer term. Greater leverage could damage companies’ ability to refinance and access new capital when dealing with future stresses. Governmentguaranteed loans may need to be refinanced at higher rates in future. Looking ahead to these possibilities, many prudent companies will want to repair their balance sheets, holding back on employment and investment to work the overhang off through time. 10  Source: Office for National Statistics 7  All speeches are available online at www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/speeches and @BoE_PressOffice  7  With enough companies in that position, what makes sense individually could be harmful collectively; it could drag future growth. So it is essential to give companies every means to repair and restructure balance sheets by issuing equity to repay debt. With these three important motivations, the good news is that equity issuance is already strong.
Muhammad bin Ibrahim: Future responsibility and response-ability  proofing  compliance  -  Keynote address by Mr Muhammad bin Ibrahim, Governor of the Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia), at the 9th International Conference on Financial Crime and Terrorism Financing (IFCTF) "Future proofing Compliance: Responsibility and Response-ability", Kuala Lumpur, 4 October 2017. * * *  "Compliance, Past and Future" This is an important and serious gathering. I am encouraged to see many leaders and key compliance officers of the financial industry here at the International Conference on Financial Crimes and Terrorism Financing, signifying the industry’s commitment to a safer and more secured financial system. It is worth repeating that public trust and confidence in the financial system cannot be compromised. The cost of financial crimes and terrorism financing are staggering. Based on the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), money laundering transactions are estimated to cost economies between 2% to 5% of global GDP. This equals to USD1 to 2 trillion annually. It is a humongous amount. Beyond monetary terms, these activities have destructive consequences for the lives of many, especially the poor and underprivileged. We must do better on this if we really want to ‘future-proof’ our financial system.