For details on liquidity management in Sweden, see “The Riksbank’s operational framework for the implementation of monetary policy – a review”, Riksbank Studies, March 2014, Sveriges Riksbank. 6  In Denmark and Switzerland, the interest rate on banks’ marginal deposit facility at the central bank corresponds to our reserve rate. For details on the liquidity management system in Denmark, see Jørgensen, A. and Lars Risbjerg (2012): “Negative interest rates”, Monetary Review, 3rd Quarter 2012, Part 1, Danmarks Nationalbank. 7  The policy rate in the euro area is the refinancing rate, which is the minimum bid rate in the ECB’s weekly market operations. BIS central bankers’ speeches  3  Excess reserves have increased substantially since the ECB started to provide banks with long-term loans and implemented quantitative easing. This is illustrated by the grey area in the chart. As a result, the overnight interbank rate has remained below the policy rate and just above the reserve rate, as shown in the chart. Negative rates have their limitations In the euro area and Sweden, the aim of unconventional monetary policy has been to bring inflation up towards the inflation target. Negative rates – in combination with asset purchases – are intended to boost activity and prevent low inflation from becoming entrenched. The effects can be transmitted via both lower bank interest rates and a weaker exchange rate. In other words, negative money market rates operate through the usual channels.
The academic faculty will include permanent as well as regular visiting professors and scholars-in-residence. INCEIF will also form strategic alliances with leading local and international learning institutions to complement our pursuit to provide world-class knowledge for the benefit of the industry in particular, and the ummah in general. It is our vision that INCEIF will one day be an international nucleus for tertiary education in Islamic finance, training and research and provide a strong support in the development of Islamic financial infrastructure. With the grace of Allah, and with the support of the international Islamic financial community, it is our hope that INCEIF will make a meaningful contribution to the future development of Islamic finance for the benefit of the ummah. In closing, once again, I would like to express our deepest appreciation to the Yang Amat Berhormat, Dato' Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia for gracing this occasion and for accepting to officiate the launch of INCEIF. 2  BIS Review 22/2006