In the end, my main conclusion so far from the crisis is that flexible inflation targeting, applied in the right way and using all the information about financial factors that is relevant for the forecast of inflation and resource utilization at any horizon, remains the best-practice monetary policy before, during, and after the financial crisis. But a better theoretical, empirical and operational understanding of the role of financial factors in the transmission mechanism is urgently required and needs much work, work that is already underway in academia and in central banks. The outcome might very well be that financial factors are considered to have a larger role in affecting the transmission mechanism and as indicators of future inflation and resource utilization. If so, central banks would end up responding more to financial indicators, in the sense of adjusting the policy rate and policyrate path more to a given change in a financial indicator. However, this would not mean that financial factors and indicators have become independent targets besides inflation and resource utilization in the explicit or implicit centralbank loss function. Instead, it would be a matter of responding appropriately to financial indicators in order to over time best stabilize inflation around the inflation target and resource utilization around a normal level. 12 References Bank of England (2009), Inflation Report, February 2009, www.bankofengland.co.uk. Bean, Charles R. (2003), “Asset Prices, Financial Imbalances and Monetary Policy: Are Inflation Targets Enough?’ in Richards, A., and T. Robinson, eds., Asset Prices and Monetary Policy, Reserve Bank of Australia, Sydney, 48-76.
Lars E O Svensson: Flexible inflation targeting – lessons from the financial crisis Speech by Mr Lars E O Svensson, Deputy Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, at the workshop “Towards a new framework for monetary policy? Lessons from the crisis”, organized by the Netherlands Bank, Amsterdam, 21 September 2009. I am grateful to Claes Berg, Ylva Hedén, Jonas Niemeyer, Virginia Queijo von Heideken, Annika Svensson, Ulf Söderström, Staffan Viotti, Anders Vredin, Karl Walentin and, especially, Björn Lagerwall, for comments and help with the speech. The views presented here are my own and not necessarily those of other members of the Riksbank’s executive board or staff. * 1. *  *  Introduction  The financial crisis has raised some questions regarding monetary policy and how it should be conducted in relation to financial conditions such as credit growth, asset prices, imbalances, the risk of creating bubbles and so on. I will discuss two particular questions: Has monetary policy contributed to the conditions for the crisis? Do the lessons from the crisis justify any changes in the way best-practice monetary policy should be conducted? I will lay out my pre-crisis view of best-practice monetary policy – flexible inflation targeting – and its relation to financial stability and asset prices, discuss the role of monetary policy in possibly contributing to the current financial crisis and, finally, present my conclusions on whether flexible inflation targeting needs to be modified in the light of the crisis. 2.