32  All speeches are available online at www.bankofengland.co.uk/speeches  32  Chart 10: Trust in institutions in the UK NGOs Business Government Media  Chart 11: Trust in professions in the UK Net percentage balances  Per cent -100 60  -50  0  50  100  Nurses Doctors  50  Your own GP Historians  40  Scientists 30  Sports commentators Weather forecasters  20  Nutritionists Civil servants  10  Economists Your local MP  0 2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017 Q1  Source: 2017 Q1 Edelman Trust Barometer. Politicians  Source: YouGov, February 2017. Notes: Years refer to the date on which survey fieldwork commenced. Chart 12: Trust/confidence/satisfaction with central banks US Federal Reserve Bank of England ECB Bank of Japan  Net percentage balances 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20  1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sources: Bank of England, Eurobarometer, Gallup, Bank of Japan Notes: The US Federal Reserve line shows a Gallup poll of confidence in the economic leadership of the US, the ECB line shows a Eurobarometer measure of trust in the ECB, the BoJ line shows an opinion survey of confidence in the Bank of Japan and the BoE line shows TNS Survey results on satisfaction with the Bank’s performance.
Without clearly explaining the goals of reforms to the people, policymakers put at risk the necessary support for changes. This is a very challenging and long-term task as it is easier to get people out of communism than communism out of people. This problem is nothing new in history. It is not without good reason that it took Moses forty years to bring his people from slavery in Egypt to the promised land (simply to replace the entire generation), a trip that could be completed in weeks (Hillman, 1999). It is therefore our duty to make the journey in the transition desert as short as possible. 4. Summing up  Transition has been a tremendous and exciting project in the last ten years, as well as an invaluable experience for all of us who took part in it in one way or another. Out of it we have learned a lot, not only about how economic systems function or how to initiate economic changes, but we have learned about human nature as well. So, let us keep in mind that the transition process is done for the people and by the people. They happen at the same time: the main objective of transition (we have to increase their welfare), the main engine of transition (through human and social capital) and the main constraint to more rapid transition (rent-seeking behaviour and lack of political support).