Nonetheless, while responsible finance has flourished in many local communities, its next phase of development requires responsible finance to be brought into the global mainstream, to become a core building block in our efforts towards forging a more sustainable financial architecture going forward. Similarly, decisions and solutions to finance need to also be considered on a global scale and not confined to any community or nation. 2  BIS central bankers’ speeches  Of equal importance, the benefits of finance should be extended across all segments of society. Despite the size and scale of our financial sectors in the global financial system, many households and businesses still remain excluded from formal financial services. Globally, as many as 2 billion adults do not have access to a bank account . Perhaps even more revealing are the findings that financial exclusion is not limited solely to developing or low-income economies. Even in advanced countries such as Japan, 3.4% of adults remained financially excluded, while in the United States, over 8% of households are unbanked and 20% remain underbanked . There is thus a still much important impact that finance can bring about. Indeed, in various parts of the world, such greater access is already making a significant impact, particularly for small and medium enterprises, with its market size estimated to double to almost USD14 billion by 2019 from USD7 billion in 2015 . There is, however, still scope for such access to be expanded to bring about more balanced and sustainable growth in the global economy.
Mojmír Hampl: The EU banking industry Speaking points by Mr Mojmír Hampl, Vice Governor of the Czech National Bank, at the European Economic Congress “Section: Banking Industry in the EU”, Katowice, 15 May 2012. *  *  *  “Dzen dobry” – this is unfortunately the only thing I can credibly say in Polish, so the rest will be in my imperfect English. Thanks to the organizers for the invitation and for the opportunity to participate in such a distinguished panel. It is my first time here and I can only hope not the last one after I finish my presentation. Given the time constraints I will focus on a just a couple of quick points to stimulate the debate. My key point is: Let’s not repeat the same mistakes again and again. What I mean is this: Since the onset of the current crisis there has been a constant push for a more pan-European, or “federal-like”, approach to the regulation, supervision and potentially also resolution of the financial industry in the EU. The famous de Larosière report and all its consequences, such as the three new pan-European supervisory agencies, are just direct results of this push and this way of thinking. Some may recall that the Czech authorities were quite reluctant to accept this approach and also the final compromise which brought these agencies into existence, and we believe we had good reasons for this.