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  FIVE YEARS IN TEXAS;
  OR,
  WHAT YOU DID NOT HEAR DURING THE WAR
  FROM
  JANUARY 1861 TO JANUARY 1866.

  A NARRATIVE OF HIS
  Travels, Experiences, and Observations,
  IN
  TEXAS AND MEXICO.

  BY
  THOMAS NORTH.

  CINCINNATI:
  ELM STREET PRINTING CO., 176 & 178 ELM STREET.
  1871.




  Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871,
  BY THOMAS NORTH,
  In the Office of the Librarian of Congress.




PREFACE.


To conceive the idea, and execute the purpose of making a book, is,
to a modest man, not a little monstrous; and yet, modest or immodest,
monstrous or not, the author makes his best bow to the reader, and
holds himself subject to criticism for not making it better. But many
are running to and fro in the earth, and knowledge is being increased;
for the runners, are they not making books for the million? And having
run somewhat with the runners ourself, we might as well tell our story
of travel too. The story is not of sailing round the world with Captain
Cook, or any other Sea King. Nor is it one of Orient--of Oriental
climes or times, or of its discords or chimes, but it is one that
pertains to stirring events, in stirring times, in the most stirring of
all stirring climes--America, our own sweet land of liberty.

The Author, in justice to himself, will state that in preparing this
book for publication, he has been sore pressed for time to bring it out
with that degree of merit, literary and otherwise, that he would have
it possess.

The Eulogium on Hon. Martin P. Sweet, which we offer as our prelude, is
at once an act of friendship and pleasure, as well as of justice, to
one of such brilliant mental endowments and genial qualities of heart,
and we believe our readers will so regard it. Besides, while some may
not fully appreciate the relevancy of the Eulogy to the residue of
the book, yet, for himself, the Author sees and feels a species of
mystical connection between Mr. S. and himself in all his travels and
experiences in Texas and Mexico. And so much the more because of his
earnest prophetic endeavor to dissuade him from going there.

With this brief preface, we submit this volume to the public eye,
hoping to please and interest, promising that we will do better next
time, if we ever publish another book.




CONTENTS.


                                                            PAGE.
  CHAPTER I.
  Hon. Martin P. Sweet--Interview with and Eulogium          9-29

  CHAPTER II.
  Trip to Galveston--Memphis Gentleman                      30-40

  CHAPTER III.
  Social Types--Henry Clay--General Polk                    41-44

  CHAPTER IV.
  Voyage Down the Mississippi--Poem on "Varieties'
  Theater."                                                 45-50

  CHAPTER V.
  New Orleans--Description of--Ocean View of Galveston--The
  Island, How Formed--Commercial Importance of, etc.        51-64

  CHAPTER VI.
  Effect of Climate on Tastes, Appetites and
  Temper--The Enraged Clergyman--"Renegade
  Americans"--Morals and Religion--Reign of
  Terror--The Robbery                                       65-70

  CHAPTER VII.
  Texas Oath of Office--"Code of Honor"--Dueling
  Spirit--Judge Lynch and Horse Thieves--The
  Doctor of Divinity--Conscript Law--"Like
  People, Like Priest"                                      71-75

  CHAPTER VIII.
  The Doctor's Prize Ring Illustration--The Wealthy
  Planteress--The Doctor's Dueling Card--Colloquy
  with the Planteress--The Doctor and
  the Judge--He Challenges the Latter--Shooting
  on Sight--Masonic Reconciliation                          76-85

  CHAPTER IX.
  Babel of Tongues--Sam Houston--He Comes to
  Galveston to make a Speech--A Committee Wait
  on Him--He Makes a Speech--His Appearance
  On the Balcony of Tremont Hotel                           86-91

  CHAPTER X.
  Houston's Speech--Col. Moore's Regiment--General
  Houston's Review of it--Williamson S. Oldham
  and Judge Campbell                                        92-98

  CHAPTER XI.
  Arguments on Secession in Outline                        99-101

  CHAPTER XII.
  Texas Never Invaded--Feeling of the People--Galveston
  Retaken--General Sherman and Lt. Sherman--Solemn
  Scene Between Them--General Magruder and General Hebert 102-113

  CHAPTER XIII.
  The Federal Fleet--"Nicaragua Smith."                   114-117

  CHAPTER XIV.
  The Captured Letter--Mrs. E.'s exile--Her Companions--Lewis
  and Emma--Lieutenant H.                                 118-154

  CHAPTER XV.
  Lawlessness and Crime--Doctor O. and the Overseer--Doctor
  F. Assassinated--Capt. Carr and Mr. Smythe              155-161

  CHAPTER XVI.
  The Two Days' Meeting--Power of Prejudice--The
  Feast at Our House--Brigadier General M.
  and Staff                                               162-166

  CHAPTER XVII.
  The Conscript Law--How the Writer Beat It, and
  How at last It Beat Him--Trip to Mexico--Matamoras--General
  Mejia--The Situation--Rev. Dr. L. and the
  Writer--Petitioning Maximilian--Preaching in
  Varieties' Theater                                      167-172

  CHAPTER XVIII.
  More about Texas--Plot against the Writer's Life--Pretext
  for the Attack--Prompt Action of Deputy
  Sheriff Hardin--Fear of Secret Assassination--Advised
  to Leave the Place--Went to San
  Antonio--Thence to Mexico--Lost in the Wilds
  of Western Texas--How We Got Out--The Two
  Mexican Rancheros--Gen. F. J. H.--Extradition
  of Don Manuel G. Rejon--Cortinas--The
  Writer's Family Flooded Out in San Antonio--They
  Come to Him in Matamoras                               173-182

  CHAPTER XIX.
  Lee's Surrender--Effect on Texas Soldiers--Trip
  to New Orleans--Family Ship North--Writer's
  Return to Texas--He Visits Brenham, Austin,
  San Antonio and New Braunfels--Rev. Josiah
  Whipple--The Old Woman in Austin What
  Wouldn't Hear the Blue Coat Preach                     183-190

  CHAPTER XX.
  Governor Hamilton--The Thirty Neros--The Old
  German and His Wife--Fight with Indians--A
  Native Texan's Opinion of Germans                      191-195

  CHAPTER XXI.
  Texas--Topography, Climate and Products of             196-210

  OLD LETTERS.--POEM.
  Canto I.                                               213-222
  Canto II.                                              223-225
  Canto III.                                             226-231




FIVE YEARS IN TEXAS.




CHAPTER I.

HON. MARTIN P. SWEET--INTERVIEW WITH, AND EULOGIUM.


In the month of November, 1860, shortly after the election of Abraham
Lincoln to the Presidency of the United States, Hon. Martin P. Sweet
came into the Circuit Clerk's Office of Stephenson County, Illinois,
where the writer was acting as deputy to the regular Clerk--Mr. L. W.
Guiteau--and addressing himself to us, said:

"Mr. N., are you busy?"

"Not very," we replied.

"If you can spare the time I would be glad of an interview with you at
my office."

Laying aside the pen we went with him, and after being seated together
in his private room adjoining the main office, he remarked:

"Mr. N., I understand you are thinking of going to Texas."

"I am not only _thinking_ of it, Mr. S., but the purpose is already
fixed to go."

"I regret to hear it," he said.

"Why so, Mr. S.?"

For a few moments he was silent, his eye scanning the figures of the
beautiful carpet upon the floor; then calmly raising his face and
fixing his full eyes, that looked nigh unto bursting, upon us--such was
their intense earnestness, indicating the struggle of soul within, the
play of emotions, honest and transparent; and holding the gaze upon
us, while as yet no word from his eloquent lips had broken or changed
the potent spell thereof--suddenly those eyes suffused with tears
incontinent, the requisite power of speech had come, and he replied
fervently:

"You ask why I regret to hear it; I will tell you why. We are friends,
and have been friends for many a long year, and that, too, on terms of
more than ordinary meaning, and sacred beyond the degrees of worldly
friendship. The tie that hath bound us, you know, has been that of a
deep and ardent Christian faith, which, though seeming to part asunder
at times under the severe strain of mutual fault and criticism,
producing the while outward non-affiliation, yet the substratum of
unity is there, and its brotherly elasticity is too great to be snapped
in twain. And however far apart the forces of the world may swing us,
on the pendulum of time, still the return movement is certain and sure."

Thus spake a friend. And then, laying his hand upon his heart, he
proceeded to say:

"Mr. N., I have loved you"--and pressing his heart said--"I have
loved you _here_. It was years agone we learned to love each other as
brother-friends, in earnest truth. You are still in my heart, and I
believe I am in yours. You know my motto--'once in grace, always in
grace'--once in friendship, always in friendship--once in love, always
in love. We would not change it if we could, and could not if we would.
I have never turned you out of my heart, never can, and never shall. My
heart knows and bows to no destroying vicissitudes. Our friendship has
no mere worldly cast, breathing the common atmosphere of self-interest,
and putting on the offensive airs of self-righteousness; nay, it
endures while witnessing the death-struggles of all such moral and
social littleness in ourselves and in others.

"And now," continued he, "from these considerations, permit me to
state further why I regret your contemplated move. My regard for the
personal welfare of yourself and yours is too warm and deep, not to
regret seeing you float to the Southern extreme of American society at
the present juncture of our National affairs.

"The loud blast of secession is already heard in the South, and I
am impressed that the Southern sisterhood of States will unite in
a desperate effort to dissolve this Union and destroy the General
Government. And that no renewal of compromise effort can save the
tremendous shock of war, between the North and South, that portends in
the political heavens. And I now feel bound to say to you, though in
confidence, what for wise political reasons I have not dared to utter
to any political friend, that I _more_ than _fear_--_I believe_--this
Government is going to ruin! Presaging wrath is borne on every breeze,
and tells of the coming woe!

"To me, this is no chimera of an overwrought imagination, but the
serious, sober tone of destiny that comes thundering along the pathway
of nations, and having shattered many nations, and buried them in the
dust of the sepulchral past, no better fate may await ours. God save
us! if that be possible; but it seems otherwise to me.

"And, friend N., if the half of my forebodings shall prove historic
verity not far in the future, which side the division line do you
wish to be found? To ask the question, I know is to answer it. You
and I both hail from adjoining counties in the old Empire State as
our fatherland, and are now citizens of the Empire State of the great
Northwest. The one gave us birth, and nursed us to the years of early
manhood. The other is our adopted State, where we have reached the
strength and vigor of intellectual manhood. There we knew and enjoyed
the blessings of freedom--freedom of opinion and of speech. Here the
same, and not one degree north or south of the same latitude."

Here our brilliant friend drew a picture of suffering, in prospect for
ourself and family, so vivid as to rival St. Paul's descriptive list
of his own sufferings, by land and by sea, among false brethren, among
Greeks and barbarians, in bonds and imprisonment, which awaited him in
his journeyings from city to city.

In that description the writer saw himself served with a notice from
the "Ticket of Leave Man," to quit the country in a given number of
days, or hours, and in default thereof to abide the consequences--such
as a free passage at sea, bound to a plank, or headed up in a barrel,
companion and food for friendly sharks, or other monsters of the
dark blue deep; or left, by the mob infuriate, "Looking up a black
jack," as the chilling parlance of the country expresses it. And he
saw the secret assassins in the forest nightshade, or in some dark
and unfrequented nook, plotting against his life--saw the dagger
gleaming in the dark, heard the death-dealing cartridge chambered
in the revolver or derringer, the trial click of the hammer, and
the adjustment of the cap. And then saw them emerge from their dark
hiding place, and take position near the pathway of the unsuspecting
passer-by, to shoot or strike him down, just when he thinks no danger
nigh. But failing here, because their victim reaches home by a course
not in their plans, he saw the human bloodhounds lurking and skulking
about his house, at the midnight hour, seeking quiet entrance to his
chamber of rest. They enter, and there find the doomed one at rest with
the loved ones, in the unconscious bliss of sleep, while the moonlight
shimmers from the light breeze-waving trees, through the open lattice,
in fantastic shapes of light and shade, upon the chamber wall, just
o'er their pillowed heads, so soft and so silvery. The steel is in the
assassin's uplifted hand. Witnessing angels are moved at the fearful
sight, and cry out--"Stay thy hand! and hurt not the man!" but lo,
'tis not the hand of an Abraham that holds the deadly knife on high,
but of the cruel assassin, whose soul communes not with angels of
good, but is in league with angels of evil, who in cooler mood might
relent the fiendish order to strike--if that were possible with evil
demons--but being now at the mighty on-rush, like lightning the fatal
blow descends; the warm blood flows, a life ebbs away, and the cowardly
wretches retreat under cover of night, followed by the wails of the
widowed wife and her helpless children, bereft in a moment of husband
and father!

Thus did Mr. S. picture things on the Southern sky, in vividness of
eloquent speech, which the writer rarely ever heard equaled--not more
than half a dozen times in his life, at most. His soul caught the true
image, and his language made it seem to one present and real.

As compared with other men he excelled in most of the qualities that
constitute a successful public speaker, or private conversationalist.
But comparing him with himself, it is difficult to determine in which
he was the more excellent. His nature was spontaneous to an exceeding
degree in every capacity and relation of life. The absorbing and
evolving power of his intuitions was so remarkable that a book, heavy
or light in tone of thought, was mastered by him as a mere breakfast
spell. Memory was ever a faithful sentinel at his mental door, and
every fresh thought passing its threshold was imprisoned there for
life. In the more rigid sense of the schools he was never, perhaps, a
systematic student; which might be urged by some as a fault, and the
conclusion is logical on general principles. But he was a student,
nevertheless, after nature's own style. He was nature's own genius,
and could not be confined to the plots and plans of books--not even
the books of the law. His soul was too thirsty to be slaked with legal
waters. It looked up to the mountains for irrigation from the gospel
waters of the Spirit. Once on a time a young chip of the law challenged
him on his inattention to the books, to whom he replied: "There are two
classes of lawyers: those who make the books, or furnish the material
for them, and are lawyers without them, and those who study the books
to be lawyers at all."

As a jury advocate, as a platform speaker, as a popular orator on
political and other occasions, it is conceded by those who knew him
best, professionally and otherwise, that he never had his superior, and
few if any equals in the whole Northwest. Nature had endowed him with
a voice of surpassing compass and richness for oratorical purposes,
and had breathed into his great soul a spontaneity of warm impulse and
thought, to back and animate it, so that, whether he spoke in tenor or
baritone, or deep basso, one always heard a soul-voice from the speaker.

His whole character, from top to bottom, was stratified with moral
simplicity and a broad catholicity of temperament, which, under the
guidance of his comprehensive intellect, brought him into rapport with
truth wherever found. He thought, and felt, and spoke, in veins of
enthusiasm, and hence was rather impatient of conservative restraint.
He always entered his appearance against injustice and wrong, in
radical pioneer style, with a directness of purpose that would see the
beginning of the end at once. He never impressed one with the idea,
in his public efforts before courts, or juries, or popular audiences,
that he sought to produce sensational effects; nay, he was always
too full of his subject for that--so full that some, in envy, or
jealousy, or ignorance, might write him down a wild enthusiast, and
at times a fanatic, because he believed the lions in the way, where
most men feared to travel, could be slain and put aside; but we shall
not so write him, for we know him better, and have a better chart of
his character. From long personal intimacy with him we understand
with what generous prodigality nature lavished upon him powers _sui
generis_, and beyond those of most men, and above appreciation by the
green-eyed few. If he were not perfect, as the religious legalist
counts perfection, and had any marked faults, as all great men are
said to have, the intelligent reader will not fail to appreciate the
point when we say that peculiar faults, either secret or overt, seem
quite inseparable from the characters of geniuses; and more, these very
faults serve as foils of contrast to set off to greater advantage and
glory their superior excellences, while teaching us not to fall down
and worship them as gods, for they are but men in common with other men.

Mr. S. stood aloof the major portion of his life from the technical
distinctions and peculiar customs of the religious sects, and the more
strenuous and imposing they were the less real fellowship from him. He
thought he saw in the tone of creeds, old or new, as managed by human
fallibility, the old "Yoke of bondage"--the imposition of tyranny--the
reproduction of the old spirit of Judaism, in a display of "the
commandments of men." And yet, in default of the grander development of
the coming kingdom--the one organic headship of Christ, and the one
all-pervading, and all-comprehending unity, under that headship--he
recognized the preliminary usefulness of the sects, in keeping mankind
beating the bush for religious truth, and making endeavors toward pure
living. Hence his motto was: "The seed of the true church is scattered
among all the sects, and will be gathered into one in the fullness of
time."

From this standpoint he could never regard the distinctive features
or claims of any existing sect as paramount to those of another, or
as promising to transcend all others, absorbing them into a visible,
vital oneness, in the final outcome of the conflict between modern
sects. But believing, as a matter of the deepest faith with him, and
the most unquestionably certain teaching of Christ, and what appeared
to most people Utopian, that the true church on earth was intended
by its divine Founder to be like its counterpart in heaven--a vital,
visible, organic unity--he could not, at any time in his life, long
yield himself to sectarian embraces. Here is the true explanation of
the _ins_ and _outs_ that he practiced in this direction. When he went
_in_ he was esteemed just converted. When he went _out_, backslidden
and lost--so reckoned the sectarian treadmill brother in his case, who
failed to penetrate below the surface of his character, and did not
see him _as_ he was, and _where_ he was.

The truth is, the writer never knew a man in whose subjective life the
religious element was more potential. It was a profound inspiration,
and the mainspring of his whole life-movements. And even when some of
those movements became irregular and tangled from fractures or weakness
in subordinate machinery, the mainspring was there, performing its
functions, and kept him in motion. In every speech he ever made, at the
bar, on the stump, or elsewhere, this inspiration was in his soul, came
up to his lips, and gave them their greatest power.

The most elegant and moving strains of eloquence he ever uttered came
from this wellspring of the divine within him. It breathed in every
breath, it toned every word, it warmed every impulse, it was the muse
of every sentiment, it was the "fourfold chord" of his friendship;
it was the tidal wave of his soul, hurling the shore rocks of biting
sarcasm and scathing invective against evil and wrong. At such times
his very lips seemed formed by nature for this kind of work, and woe
betide the luckless man against whom he employed them. This divine
passion gave him "cloven tongues of fire," and made him on occasion a
pentecost of eloquence.

Congress was the ambition and disappointed hope of his life. So with
Webster, Clay, and Calhoun, in regard to the Presidency of the United
States. They were said to be too great for the position, which, of
course, was intended as a high political compliment, meritoriously
given to offset their disappointment. The compliment belongs with equal
propriety to the subject of our sketch in his life-long aspirations for
Congressional honors.

With his peculiar talents he doubtless would have shone more in the
popular branch of the National Legislature than in the Senate. He
was, by nature and education, the people's representative. But as a
politician, in his own interest and for his own ends, he was a failure.
There were plenty of men, with half his talent, that could and did beat
him to death at the wheel of political fortune. Yet he was a king among
his peers, though never crowned, but a king "for a' that."

He was the Whig candidate for Congress in 1844; and to show his
popularity, though a Whig, and his party, on a strict party vote, in
the minority by several hundred votes in the Congressional District,
yet he swept it, and entered Nauvoo with a majority of between four
and five hundred votes. But there the vote was solid against him. Joe
Smith had a revelation the day before that the Mormons must vote for
the Democratic candidate. And so he was beaten by the Mormons, who
belonged to no party, but were up for bargain and for sale. Mr. S.
would not soil his honor by making a bid for their vote.

He was candidate again, in 1850, against the Hon. Thompson Campbell.
Again he carried the district, entering Jo Daviess, his competitor's
own county, with a majority of between three and four hundred
votes. But the local feeling there for the home candidate overcame
the majority, and defeated him again. When it is remembered what
partisan odds he had to overcome in these two contests, amounting to
a diversion of a thousand or more Democratic votes, and would have
been triumphantly elected in the one case but for the treachery of the
Mormons, and in the next but for the local feeling in his competitor's
home county, preferring a home candidate, with the wholesale bid of
Campbell for the abolition vote in certain localities, touching the
abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia; we say, taking these
things into the account, they exhibit the immense power and popularity
of Mr. S.

Was he too honest for a politician? Aye, that was it. He reposed too
much confidence in the professions of political friends. They took
advantage of confidences ingenuously imparted, and slew him at the
gate of triumphal entry. And some did it who had eaten bread from his
professional hands. Such is life in this world of strife. Once when the
election returns revealed their perfidious betrayal of him he cried
out with a voice that could be heard from far: "Three cheers for Judas
Iscariot! hurrah! hurrah!! hurrah!!!"

He was a life-long Whig and Republican, and did much heavy work for
his party, but official recompense never came--a marked example of the
proverbial ingratitude of political parties. Others entered into his
labors and took his reward.

After months of severe suffering with malignant erysipelas, he paid the
debt that all must pay, which balanced the books for this world, except
that the balance sheet, if left unstruck by the hand and seal of the
death-king, would show him a heavy creditor of his country. He died
during the December term of the Stephenson County Circuit Court, A. D.
1864, his Honor, Benj. R. Sheldon, presiding.

The Hon. Thos. J. Turner, a contemporary of the deceased at the bar,
arose in Court and said:

"It is difficult for me to find words to express what we all feel
on this solemn occasion. Hon. Martin P. Sweet is dead. We shall not
again hear from his lips the burning eloquence that in times past has
thrilled the court and the bar, as he held up to view the enormities
of crimes which he had been called upon to prosecute; or the melting
pathos with which he captivated the sympathies of jury and people,
while defending those he regarded innocent. Few men ever possessed that
magnetic power which chains an audience in a greater degree than did
our departed friend.

"It is not alone at the bar that he has left his impress as a leading
mind. In the arena of politics, and in the sacred desk, he was alike
conspicuous. Logical in argument, terrible in invective, and quick
in repartee, he carried the judgments of the jury or an audience.
Or failing here his quick sympathies and deep pathos led them along
against the convictions of judgment. Such was Martin P. Sweet as an
orator and advocate. A self-made man, he surmounted difficulties which
would discourage and defeat others, and reached a position at the bar
second to none, and established a reputation as an orator of which any
man among us might well feel proud.

"But it is not as a public or professional man alone that we mourn
him to-day. Mr. Sweet immigrated to Winnebago County, in this State,
in the year 1838, where, with his own hands and the help of his wife,
he erected a comfortable log-house, and there entered upon that
chimerical course of life which, at some time or other, in the life of
almost every lawyer has held out the promise of ease, self-culture and
intellectual enjoyment--the life of a farmer. But he soon found that
the fields would not yield a harvest without incessant toil, and that
calves and pigs did not spring indigenous from the soil. And in 1840
he left his farm and removed to Freeport, where he remained, with the
exception of two or three years he was in the ministry, until his death.

"On opening an office in Freeport he soon secured a remunerative
practice, and took a first rank at the bar throughout the circuit.
His services were sought after wherever important cases were to be
tried, or legal ability was required. Among the traits of character
that endeared Mr. Sweet to the members of the profession were his
urbane manners, his nice sense of professional honor, and his kind
and courteous bearing toward those who were opposed to him. In these
respects he has done much to elevate the standard of professional
ethics.

"In private life he was generous and urbane, and had many friends, with
few if any enemies. In his death the bar has lost one of its brightest
ornaments, the city a good citizen and zealous friend, and the County
and State an able defender of their rights. For all these we mourn him.
There is still another circle that mourns him with a deeper grief--the
charmed circle of home. The sorrow which reigns there is too sacred
to be spoken of in this place. With closed eyes and silent lips, all
that was mortal of our friend sleeps just where he desired his last
sleep should be, beneath the green sods of this beautiful prairie land,
which in life he loved so well; while his spirit, we trust, has entered
upon higher and holier joys, and more sublime pursuits than this earth
affords.

"Let us, my brethren of the bar, while our eyes are suffused with
tears, and our hearts bowed with sorrow over his grave, resolve to
emulate his virtues, to follow his example, and avoid and forget his
faults--if he had any--so that when our work on earth is done, and
when our names maybe mentioned, as the name of our departed friend is
mentioned to-day, with bated breath and choked utterance, it may be
said of us: 'Our work is finished, it is well done.'"

In response to Mr. Turner's eulogy the Judge said, in substance, that
"during the sixteen years he had been on the circuit bench he had known
Mr. Sweet as a member of the bar, and as an effective speaker and legal
orator he had no superior, and at times he was the leading genius,
outstripping all others in his judicial circuit. That it was probable
we should never look upon or hear his like again. The thrilling tones
of that voice, so powerful, so charming and so eloquent, have died
away forever to the natural ear, but still we hear the echoes in the
chambers of the soul. And hereafter, when we think of Mr. Sweet, it
will be in connection with some great effort we have heard him make in
by-gone years, and the sensations we felt then will again rush over the
soul. Thus will he speak back to us from the world of the departed. And
to-day, while sitting here on this accustomed bench, I seem to hear
his utterances over again, as we all do, but they are more solemn and
impressive because now they have the momentum of eternity added to that
of time. May we emulate his virtues and be prepared when our change
comes."

During the delivery of the eulogy the Judge appeared more deeply moved
than he had ever been known to be before, on any occasion, and the
members of the bar fully sympathized. It was a rare occasion for the
play of solemn emotions, and for a grand uprising of the soul toward
God.

We offer no apology to the reader for prefacing our book with the
foregoing eulogistic sketch of our departed friend, and it is presumed
none is necessary. We are certain of it with the friends of Mr. Sweet,
who knew him best. And if he had enemies that last till now, political
or otherwise, to such we make our bow in passing, and say, _requiescat
in pace!_

This outline sketch, containing something of an analysis of the
character and gifts of Mr. S., though too brief to be called a
biography, is extended beyond the limits of our original purpose,
but while justified in our own feelings and desires in the matter,
we doubt not the glad approval of the reader will be given also; and
particularly of the profession to which he belonged, and in which he
was a star of the first magnitude. But aside from a desire to render
this tribute of respect to the fragrant memory of departed worth and
genius, the writer, with modest pretension, would wrest his name from
further silence of the pen and press, and rob oblivion of a name too
bright, and too dear to friends and relatives to be lost from the
public eye and ear.

Now the reader may well conclude that the eloquent pleadings of such
a friend were quite sufficient to deter one in the unpropitious
situation of our country, during the winter of 1860-1, from making
the rash move--"Out of the world into Texas." The writer can never
forget that earnest private interview, in the little side office, when
Mr. S. employed his powers of logic and description to maintain the
assertion that the "irrepressible conflict" was about to reach the
shocking crisis of civil war between the North and South. A decade
of years has since passed, bearing him away, but his predictions
have become historic verity. The conflict culminated in the _ne plus
ultra_ of human rage, in which the two greatest evils of all time
met and struggled for the mastery--war and slavery. And because war
was the greater slavery was wiped out in a baptism of blood! And in
that baptism the grim-visaged evil plucked and sacrificed five or
six hundred thousand home lilies from the "Sunny South" and from the
mountains and valleys of the North!




CHAPTER II.

THE TRIP TO GALVESTON.


On the 12th day of January, 1861, we left Freeport, Illinois, with our
family, for Galveston, Texas; making that port on the Gulf of Mexico
the 23d of the same month, eleven days on the passage. Galveston lies
in north latitude, twenty-nine degrees, while Freeport is nearly
forty-three degrees north, making about fourteen degrees difference,
or one thousand miles. The distance traveled by us was about eighteen
hundred miles. Just before leaving Freeport the thermometer had
registered thirty degrees below zero. In Galveston it was as much above
zero. A stiff norther' was blowing the day we landed, and while it was
pleasant to us, just from a high northern clime, we observed that the
Galvestonians, as they were passing on the streets, had overcoats on,
and were muffled to the ears, hurrying to their business places and
homes with the same shivering rapidity that would characterize people
in a climate where the cold ranged twenty to thirty degrees below
zero, and a stiff wester' or nor'wester' were beating cold music out of
the icy keys of the weather.

We took the Illinois Central Railroad to Cairo, thence the fine steamer
"Champion," Captain Moore. She was afterward transferred to the war
service of the United States. We landed at New Orleans on the 21st
of the month, which was the day before the vote on Secession was to
be taken in the State of Louisiana. When time is not an important
consideration with the traveler, we know of no more delightful voyage
than by a first-class steamboat down the "Father of Waters" to the
Crescent City--a palace on the waters, in a delicious climate, through
a magnificent country in the "Sunny South," sweeping from thirty-seven
to thirty degrees north latitude, but ten hundred and forty miles by
the meandering river.

But the times lent an increased and somewhat fearful enchantment to the
novel voyage, in January, 1861. Standing as we did, for the first time
in our life, on the Ohio levee at Cairo, and still on free soil, though
in sight of slave territory, just across the river in old Kentucky,
where the great Henry Clay lived, and whence radiated his greatness
over the world, the steamer standing at her wharf with a capacity of
two thousand tons, her state-rooms taken by Southern-bound travelers,
and having on board eighteen thousand bushels of corn from Egypt,
we confess, as we stood there, at the hour of seven in the morning,
ready with our company to take passage, and be borne away from all
our free-soil associations, imagination stood on strained wing for a
thousand miles down the river, essaying to divine the possible events
of the next few days, and of that novel trip.

Already before committing us and ours to the atmosphere and destiny
of the Southern clime, did the darkness of the future pass over us
and compel imagination to fold her wings. And then again, faith in
progress, faith in _Christian_ America, faith in Providence, struck
that darkness from the sky, and bid us hope for peace. Up to that time,
with thousands of others, we had indulged the pleasing and prominent
thought that Christian civilization had progressed too far in this
country to allow the people to plunge themselves into a fratricidal
war. But events since have demonstrated to the contrary; and one is
reminded that the reasons still exist that called forth the utterance
from the Son of God: "Think not that I am come to send peace on earth:
I came not to send peace, but a sword."

The steamer left the wharf at Cairo, steamed down the river and passed
Columbus, Kentucky, and the islands in the river. They had no special
histories then, such as stirred the whole country a few months later,
not even Island Number Ten, where commenced the first rebel blockade of
the river. Nothing of special interest transpired to mar the general
pleasure of the voyage. Sometimes one would hear the question of
secession quietly mooted; but no excited or angry discussion. There was
obviously a terrible thinking going on generally, with all on board;
but the passengers seemed indisposed to become much acquainted. They
would not converse unless they could do so on the subject uppermost in
their thoughts. And all plainly saw, and deeply felt, what that subject
was. But lips were sealed, they were in the bondage of the country, and
the riveted fetters of silence were upon all.

We remember a Southern gentleman came on board at Memphis. His personal
appearance was imposing, his presence commanding, and would have been
more so if he could have divested himself of that peculiarly haughty
air that he wore as a sort of "martial cloak wrapped round him." He
probably stood six feet and two to four inches in hight, had a military
build, and looked as though he was born to command, at least, as if he
wanted to command, and thought he was born for that purpose. And the
probability is that he enjoyed the misfortune of having been born on
a plantation, the "heir apparent" to five or six hundred negroes. We
were sitting near his dignity, one evening, in the gentlemen's cabin,
others were sitting around, conversation was at low tide, when we made
some remark about secession, at which his majesty took umbrage, and
he contradicted us with an emphatic "_No sir_." He then eyed us in
momentary silence, as though canvassing the question mentally, whether
we were not a live Yankee, and spying abolitionist, from the land
toward the "north star," coming down South to steal negroes, or incite
them to insurrection. And though he did not give us the benefit in
words of his cogitations on the subject, we thought words were needless
to convey to the mind what he thought and how he felt.

We knew nothing then of the existence of the organization known as the
"S. S." or "Sons of the South;" but probably it was then in operation,
and for aught we know our name and personal description went down on
the books of that secret organization. We were probably spotted about
that time. No other collision happened between the Memphis gentleman
and ourself, as we avoided further contact with him, observing that he
was so agonized with self-importance that we judged he would be happier
without intercourse with us than with it; and, _vice versa_, we felt in
the same way toward him. The nearest approach to sociability afterward
between us was by a mutual exchange of leering glances of the eye.

If the Southern man hate it is with a perfect hatred, and his wrath is
more easily provoked than that of the Northern man. He speaks not to
his enemy except with the fiery tongue of his revolver. The man of the
North hates with a mental reservation, leaving room for reconciliation;
but the man of the South is as hospitable and warm-hearted to a
friend or guest as he is terrible in hate of an enemy. It was when
we met his Memphis majesty that we began to appreciate the power of
sectional prejudices, based on sectional differences--differences in
institutions, customs, habits, climate and ways of thinking.

It is a fact, patent to the intelligent traveler, that the temper of
a people partakes largely and inevitably of the isothermal character
of the climate they live in. This is seen in the Southern States; and
the further south one penetrates the more conspicuous the fact. Like
the climate the temper of the people is hot, fiery, impetuous, and, on
occasions, will burst out in volcanic eruption, submerging in utter
ruin what has become obnoxious to its vengeful wrath. In the Northern
States the temper of the people is like the climate, temperate,
platonic, philosophical; they take things patiently, steadily,
perseveringly, certainly, and herein may be seen--bating other
modifying conditions--the causal reason for the disparity of temper
between the Northern man and the Southern. One is steady, persevering
and more reliable; the other unsteady, more easily discouraged and less
reliable; can not brook contradiction or opposition without _thoughts_,
at least, of his six-shooter. Not so with the Northern man, he would
prefer sitting down with his opponent and arguing the difference out to
legitimate conclusions and a good understanding.

Right here is one of the main reasons why the South, in the late war,
was overwhelmed with defeat in four years. The commissarial department
of army supplies lacked energy, integrity, perseverance. The armies,
by consequence, suffered terribly the last year and a half of the war
from desertion. Scores of thousands of men took leave of absence during
that time--we will not stigmatize them deserters--went home and managed
to keep out of the way of the ubiquitous conscript officer, or, by
collusion with him, secured freedom from molestation by him. With naked
feet and backs, and empty stomachs, they preferred to leave the field
of active operations and let fat officers "fight it out on that line."
Thus the impetus with which the South inaugurated the war, though
tremendous in maddened enthusiasm at first, soon became exhausted, and
the grand on-rush was left by the suicidal policy, or want of policy,
without resources, and in four years died out and succumbed to the
superior powers of the North.

The general drift of past history goes to show that North men have
generally been victors in all wars with South men where the mutual
conditions of the contending parties otherwise were anything like
equal. The northern climes are sturdy and masculine, while the
southern are enervating and effeminate. The people of these respective
latitudes, as it were by an inevitable law of assimilation in nature,
are conformed to them in physical and mental condition.

Without raising a question of the possible or impossible, but simply
of the probable or improbable, as touching the adaptability of white
labor to the South--for the white man _can_ do anything possible to be
done by human agency at all, and if challenged _will_ do it for the
sake of experiment, or pride, or some pet theory, if nothing more--and
by white man we mean the Anglo-Saxon, headship of all the human species
in physical symmetry and intellectual force--it will be sufficient to
say that, "judging the future by the past," which is a safe general
rule, making all due allowance for exceptional cases, it is not to be
expected the Anglo-Saxon race will ever perform the common field labor
of the Southern States of this country, the Gulf States in particular.
An appeal to their history in past ages, and other countries, will show
they never have done it in such extreme latitudes. The reasons appear
to be those of constitution and Providence, and are inseparably dual
in form and action. The constitutional make-up of the Anglo-Saxon is
such, so fine and sensitive, and so elastic withal, as displayed in his
more native northern climes that he will probably ever obey, in the
main, the isothermal conditions of nature and climate, which affect and
influence his activity, _pro_ and _con._, and in and to which he was
born. The temperate zone is unquestionably his center of gravity, and
toward this his specific race will continue in the future, as in the
past, to gravitate.

If we go round the globe, neither in present nor past history will be
found this race doing the common out-door labor in any countries lying
between the equator and thirty-five degrees north latitude; and the
supposition is reasonable that they never will in the ages to come;
unless in course of time a radical climatic transformation should
take place, driving the south pole thirty degrees over into Asia, and
bringing the north pole down thirty degrees nearer the equator. We
would not advise movements or investments in anticipation of such an
event.

The reader will please mark that we do not say the white man _can not_
do it, but simply that he _has_ not, _does_ not, and hence probably
_will_ not. Not that the maximum heat of those latitudes is greater
or more oppressive than of the more northern latitude, or as much
so, where grateful winds come in and compensate, but the heated term
instead of closing at the end of one, two, or four weeks, at the
most, as in the North, continues four to six months in the South, and
brings upon the human system at last an enervation of body and spirit
inevitable, and in the end almost constitutional. Northern people would
freely pronounce and denounce it as sheer laziness, not taking account
of the climatic conditions of the country. Now in this state of the
case it is an open question if, after several generations had come and
gone, the Anglo-Saxon type would not almost disappear, or so far change
as to fail of recognition. The Anglican tongue might preserve it if
preserved itself. The more dusky races of mankind are the aboriginal
inhabitants of those countries and latitudes, and they constitute the
normal industrial agencies thereof. We noticed while in the South that
the proportion of old people among the white population was small in
comparison with their proportional numbers in the North; while with
the blacks, despite the hardships of their enslaved condition, the
proportion appeared much larger, thereby showing that the Anglo-Saxon's
longevity there is less than in his native climate North. The violent
probability is that correct tables of mortality, if they could be had,
would confirm this view of the subject.




CHAPTER III.

SOCIAL TYPES.


It is probable that the finest social types in this country have
heretofore been found in the South. That this is true, or could be
under the dark shadows of an institution so out of harmony with
the progressive spirit of the age certainly seems paradoxical. The
slave-holding population, it is claimed, represented more social
refinement and elegance of personal manners than any other class
in America. Whatever barbarous proclivities were chargeable to
them in other respects, they were not so chargeable in the social
aspects of their characters. And this was one of the slaveholder's
vantage-grounds, that he never failed to employ on occasion of
entertaining travelers and visitors from other portions of the world,
especially from the Northern States. Perhaps there was nothing the
Southern gentleman prided himself more upon than the prestige of his
social power; and many a Northern man has lost the backbone of his
opposition to the peculiar institution under its seductive influence. A
social insult, perhaps, more than any other, was bitterly resented and
summarily punished.

To attain a high degree of social culture and refinement is not unlike
learning a trade, or one of the fine arts. It _is_ an art, if not
the art of arts, which requires study and practice; as much so as to
become a first-class tradesman or artist of any kind. One has to pass
the trying ordeal of social gymnastics. The beauty of social elegance
is like the "beauty of holiness." It attracts the admiration of most,
excites the envy of many, the jealousy and hate of the mean, and is a
ruling power in every department of Church and State, and of society.
This was the strong secret agency in the hands of the South--the
"_suaviter in modo_" that gave them leading sway so long in Congress,
and with the Government.

There is this difference, however, in the comparison between the
"beauty of holiness" and that of social perfection--the one _must_ be
real, the other may have but the semblance of reality, being so much of
an art, while the other is the very essence of character. In order to
great social refinement one needs ample time or leisure to cultivate
the art. And who in America have been so much favored in the past with
leisure as the people of the South?

In elegance and ease of personal manners perhaps no man in America
excelled Henry Clay. His very style of taking snuff, and handling his
snuff-box, is said to have been so elegant that, though inimitable,
yet his friends and admirers, in and out of Congress, who indulged the
nasal habit attempted to copy him.

The late Rt. Rev. General Polk, of the Confederate Army, and Bishop of
the Episcopal Church, is said to have been scarcely equaled in pleasant
manners. He made it a specialty of his personal improvement until he
had become something wonderful in social power. He it was that, after
having occupied Columbus, Kentucky, with his troops, went on board a
Federal gun-boat at Island Number Ten, by invitation of the commander,
to talk over some war question, and during the interview was invited
to a social glass of wine. The Federal officer led off in a toast: "To
the name of George Washington, the Father of his Country." General Polk
gracefully acknowledged the compliment, and then holding up his glass
said: "George Washington, the first rebel." Perhaps no finer retort can
be found in the history of the late war, or in the English language,
as to that matter; so elegant, so devoid of grossness, or of anything
that could give possible offense to a genteel mind.

We beg the reader not to take the impression of supercilious excess in
the polite manners of the Southern people, or of anything bordering
on affectation, for this would be great injustice to them. There was
too much whole-souled magnanimity and hospitality about them for that.
The play of their manners was free from the prescriptive rules and
ceremony which frequently produce in one's breast an agony of anxiety,
and yet it was courtly and dignified, without obsequious flattery or
littleness.




CHAPTER IV.


But to return to our voyage down the river. On nearing Memphis we were
advised by the officers of the boat that we might expect a hailing shot
from the batteries just above the city. And sure enough it came right
across our bows. We ran in shore, and, of course, were startled into a
new and strange feeling, as yet inexplicable, because so un-American,
and contrary to the hitherto free experience of American travelers on
their own waters or their own soil. Was it for amusement or a farcical
burlesque on the governments of the Old World? Or was it ominous of
that fearful struggle of blood which afterward rent the country for
four long years? Events have since shown that "Coming events cast their
shadows before."

After a few hours' detention we passed on down the river; but as we
reached Vicksburg again we heard the booming of cannon as a signal to
again tie up, be overhauled and show our "manifest." After that we were
graciously permitted to pass all points without further molestation;
for the reason, we suppose, that having passed the upper points of
cannonized salutations, and thereby cleansed of all suspicion of
being or carrying "contraband of war," it was unnecessary to waste
any more powder on us. So we reached the Crescent City in peace and
safety; when, for the first time, we looked upon its six miles or
more of wharves, literally piled with cotton and corn, and other
products of both North and South, and merchandise from Europe and the
Atlantic cities by the ten thousand packages, and there were scores of
steamboats, flatboats, and other crafts discharging their cargoes.

In the free play of imagination one was reminded of the account of the
ancient provision of the Egyptian monarch, made under the prophetic
direction and supervising genius of the virtuous and immaculate Joseph,
against the seven years' famine. And as one stood there, on the
hurricane-deck, or "texas," of some immense steamer, and looked up and
down, over and around those crescent-laid wharves, one was moved to ask
in wonder, whence and for what these immense and almost endless stores
of sugar, molasses, flour, pork, corn, potatoes, fruits, etc., and what
mean these dense masses of earnest-looking people, hurrying to and
fro on the streets. Ah! it is the 21st day of January, 1861, and the
next day was fraught with the momentous and grave issues of an election
on the question of secession. The flags of all civilized nations were
floating in all parts of the city, except the "Stars and Stripes;"
and among them was most conspicuously displayed the "Rattlesnake"
flag of Louisiana; and one could but feel it was a fit emblem of the
occasion, and of the spirit of some of the people. One gentleman told
us that though he had been a resident of the city for many years, and
sympathized with Southern grievances, yet when he saw the flag of the
Union trailed in the dust, and put out of sight, and the Rattlesnake
of Louisiana hung up in its place on the Custom House, he cried like a
child, and somehow felt as though the world was being buried and he was
attending the funeral.

  Demoralized! and for a change,
  Unseen by friend or foe, unknown
  Among the throng where all were strange,
  No harm to us, to others none.
  Thus reas'ning fancy held the sway,
  As did the de'l in Adam's day:
  And so "Varieties" that night
  We saw--and "Little Dot" so bright.
  We saw "The Cricket on the Hearth,"
    And heard it sing in joyous mirth,
    And heard it till it sang no more,
    Because the fire got low, and low'r,
    In "John's" poor heart, and on the floor,
    And dying embers ashes bore,
    And cold crept in through cracks and door,
    And cricket hid where 'twas before.
  Then tyrant conscience smote the charm!
  But sense replied: Why where's the harm?
  'Tis better thus to spend our time
  Than to be caught in bigger crime.
  Another blow! the festive craft
  Of sense careen'd, and shipp'd a draught
  Of drowning waters o'er the deck,
  But mercy came and sav'd the wreck.
    The conscience only knows the law;
    And lashes with it rough and raw,
    While sense plays with it, sly bo-peep,
    Nor will its orders always keep.
    Mandamus on mandamus comes
    From court by conscience kept and run,
    The devil serves process in tones
    That scare poor sense and spoil its fun.
    That night in sweet "Varieties"
    Were many thund'ring consciences;
    But still bewitching play went on,
    And righted misapprehension.
    Sweet truth, but not in monkish mood,
    Came out, and in free tresses stood;
    She gave the bowl of blood to law,
    Without a kiss, the people saw,
    But turn'd to mercy all in tears,
    Embrac'd and kiss'd, then fled the fears.
    Thus shriv'd by truth and grace in one,
  The play grew brighter till 'twas done.
  With mingled hope and fear we thought
  That "John" might lose his "Little Dot,"
  For "Tackleton," both mean and dried,
  His jeal'sy hard to stir he tried.
  "The barn, dear John, she's there, she's there,
  With that young 'Salt' from o'er the sea;
  He's handsome tho', it is but fair
  To own, but so much worse for thee.
  His nut-brown hair, his hazel eyes,
  His form, and feature, and his size,
  Look just like hers, as near as can
  The charms of woman and of man.
  They stroll together everywhere,
  Now 'mong the orchard trees they are,
  Now in the deep and secret grove,
  Beyond all eyes save One above.
  He plots, dear John, against thy heart,
  And seeks her life from thine to part.
  Roll back the tide of coming woe!
  See! do! ere it's too late to do!
  Woman's a name for falsity,
  A dark and deep immensity
  Of mystery--who can explain?
  I trust her not--she's made in vain!"
  All eyes and ears were open wide,
  As John and Tack stood side by side,
  One's face was written o'er with self,
  And one with honor's soul itself.
  "Old Tack, thou puritanic wretch!"
  Said John, "Thy neck deserves to stretch!
  Thou lying fiend! How dar'st thou blot
  The honor of my little Dot,
  With lies from out thy lying throat,
  Each lie a mountain from a mote?
  I'll brain thee (raised fist) if thou don't repent
  And send thee where thou should'st be sent!
  D'ye hear!" "Yes, Sir, distinctly, Sir,
  I hear, I hear," whin'd the old cur,
  "Don't strike me, John, for I'm a priest,
  Nor treat me as you would a beast."
  Now John look'd out upon the lawn
  And spied his little Dot with one
  In sailor jacket short, not long,
  Come tripping on with flow'rs and song.
  The raven flapp'd his wings but once--that's all,
  The pair were in the cottage hall;
  The skylark rose, went up the sky,
  And sung: "Dot's brother's home to live and die."
  The play was done and love remain'd;
  The union was preserved, tho' strained
  By tests of slander, malice, hate,
  Its strength was prov'd too much, too great.
  And here a moral lesson came,
  An emblem of our country's life;
  And as the sequel showed, the same
  As harmony 'twixt man and wife.
  Now Uncle Sam, like Brigham Young, you know,
  Had many wives, say thirty or so,
  And Lou'si Ann would snap the Fed'ral band,
  And let the Young Confed'rate take her hand.
  Her children were Frenchy, fickle and warm,
  And held a grand pow-wow in the wigwam;
  They solemnly said their mother should wed
  The young suitor, and leave the old man's bed.
  But we waited not to witness the lot
  Of the old and the new, but left the spot,
  Our way to pursue, tho' clouds made us rue
  Leaving the old for the strange and the new.




CHAPTER V.

NEW ORLEANS AND GALVESTON.


New Orleans stands on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, one
hundred and ten miles from the Gulf of Mexico, and is called the
"Crescent City," because of the sublime and beautiful sweep of the
"Father of Waters" around the city in a perfect circle, striking in on
the north, thence circling to the west, then south, then east, then
gently north, on a bend enchanting to behold, coming up to the landing
at a point due east two or three miles only, from the river on the
west of the city, where it first heaves in sight to the traveler on
the deck of a steamer coming down, making a distance of ten to fifteen
miles in the circuit, and leaving the city stand on a grand dead level
peninsula, almost an island. The magnificent bosom of the waters heaves
and presses up the river sides in fresh beauty constantly, as if
"Old Neptune's" soul stood beneath in the river's mighty depths, and
throwing out broad shoulders and long arms spanning its breadth, were
intent on heaving the waters over its leveed banks to deluge and drown
out the inhabitants.

Water is taken from the river and conducted along either side of the
streets, just at the edge of the sidewalks, in stone ducts, built
up square a foot or so in depth and width. With such facilities for
irrigating the streets New Orleans may be, and is, one of the cleanest
and sweetest cities in the world. The spirit of the people seems broken
since the war, and doubtless many a year will pass ere the old romantic
gayeties and business pluck and prosperity will come back again. The
evil genius of the "peculiar institution" is gone never to return,
though its corporal presence remains, to man the live industries of the
olden times.

But to resume our narrative of travel. We staid in New Orleans during
the night of the 21st of January, but did not remain the next day to
witness the further movement of secession, but crossed the river ferry
at eight o'clock in the morning, and took the train at Algiers, on
the west side, for Berwick's Bay, seventy-five miles distant, and the
terminus west of the railroad. Most of the route may be characterized
as crocodile or alligator swamp. It was covered with water and heavy
timber, and a thick undergrowth of cane, Spanish daggers and dwarf
palm, such as is manufactured into palm-leaf hats, with other kinds of
water shrubbery. When cleared up and properly prepared these lands will
make splendid rice and sugar plantations. The alligator will migrate
before the hand and foot of civilization.

Thence we shipped by "Morgan Line" of steamers to Galveston, two
hundred and fifty miles, on the Gulf of Mexico. Nothing occurred to mar
the general pleasure of this part of the journey. Neptune was unusually
quiet, only showing his disposition in gentle undulations of the deep;
no heaving billows, with white caps breaking on their angry crests, and
dashing the iron-bound vessel up in the air, and dropping her again
in cradles of the deep; no qualms and retching to make one feel he
didn't care whether the vessel lived or went to the bottom, but rather
preferred the latter; and the sooner the better. No, a "norther'" was
blowing off mainland--now and then in sight--and laid the waters smooth
so that we took regular meals and kept them down, and were not thrown
from our berths by a bouncing boat.

On approaching Galveston at sea, twenty miles away, vision is
frequently cheated by the intervention of a mirage, the effect of
which is to give to the city the appearance of air-suspension--a
heavenward elongation, sitting on the lap of the ocean with no _terra
firma_ beneath. But on nearer approach the illusion disappears, and
there stands before you, on a small piece of nature's ground-work,
and as though painted by a fairy hand, in spiritual shadows, on the
low extended horizon beyond, Galveston, exciting the strange beholder
into the romantic feeling that it is a city of fairies. And though the
romance is toned down by the reality on landing, yet there she stands,
one of the finest and most beautiful cities in the South of her size.
She had before the war a population of twelve to fifteen thousand, and
in one year after the war she had twenty-five thousand souls, and three
thousand additional buildings.

Galveston stands on the east end of an island of the same name,
running northeast and southwest, thirty miles in length, and with a
varying width of two to four miles. Plausible tradition has it that
when the island was first occupied and settled by Anglo-Americans,
forty to fifty years ago, they found as its lone occupant a beautiful
Castillian woman in male attire, supposed to have been connected
with the notorious Captain Lafitte, who, with his band, committed
piratical depredations on the Gulf and in the West Indies, and who had
headquarters there and up the wilds of the Trinity River. Hence the
island was first facetiously called "Gal-with-a-vest-on," but afterward
it was reduced to the more elegant trisyllabic of Galveston.

The island is a huge long sandbank, the work of the Gulf waters for
ages in sand deposits. The indentation of the main shore where the
island lies was favorable for such deposits. But this alone does not
sufficiently account for the fact that the island is at that particular
place. The Gulf Stream, in its rebound and return movement from the
shore of Western Texas, a hundred and fifty miles to the southwest
of Galveston, after having been driven there by the "trade winds"
that come in from the direction of the Coast of Africa--from the
southeast, through the channel between Cuba and Yucatan--passes near
the island, en route to the channel between Florida and Cuba, and in
its passage throws off inshore the sand disturbed and gathered up in
its course from the bottom of the Gulf. Besides Trinity River comes
in at the head and east of the island, and passes out into the Gulf
Stream in a southeasterly direction, throwing to the right, toward the
island, deposits similar to those made to the left by the Gulf Stream.
Thus do we theorize as to the natural causes for the formation and
existence of the island. These two counter forces of water co-operate,
and between them have made it what it is. Besides this sandbar above
water there are lying between these two water forces, and a few feet
beneath the surface, sand reefs running from the head of the island
southeast, and circling south and west five or six miles, forming a
splendid outside harbor, with a depth of water ranging from a minimum
of ten to a maximum of seventy feet. The heaviest vessels can lie there
and ride at anchor in perfect safety, as they are protected from the
heavy "trade winds" from the southeast, and others from the south, by
these reefs. Nature has furnished the surface of the island with a few
inches of light sandy soil, warm and quick-producing, growing corn, the
largest and sweetest sweet potatoes, the largest and most delicious
melons of all kinds one ever saw or ate, with garden sauce of every
name and nature; even Irish potatoes, if grown from seed imported from
the north each year. The whole island from the city to the southwest
end thereof furnishes fine grazing for cattle and other stock, and the
butchers keep their beeves there a few days before they are slaughtered
and sold in the market, and the beef when marketed and on the table is
the sweetest and most savory the writer ever found in any country,
particularly that fattened on mesquite grass. The Gulf beach in low
tide furnishes the finest ride or drive imaginable, and at eventide
hundreds of vehicles and pedestrians may be seen enjoying themselves
there.

The commercial importance of Galveston may be judged of by the single
fact that of the four hundred thousand bales of cotton produced in
Texas in the year 1860 three hundred thousand bales were compressed
and exported at Galveston, worth at that time $15,000,000 in gold, but
would now be worth $25,000,000. The geographical location of Galveston
speaks also for its commercial importance. It is the New York of Texas,
and Galveston Island is the Long Island of Texas. The inside harbor
lies in the bay immediately in the rear of the city, between the island
and the mainland, where the bay is two miles wide. The entrance to the
harbor has ten feet of water over the bar in low tide, and fourteen to
sixteen feet in high tide.

Galveston lies in twenty-nine degrees north latitude, and midway
between the mouth of the Mississippi River on the east, and Mexico and
the Rio Grande on the west. If you draw an imaginary line commencing at
the mouth of the Columbia River, in Oregon, running southeast; another
line commencing at Lake Itasca, the headwaters of the Mississippi,
running due south, and another commencing at Portland, Maine, running
due southwest; all these lines will intersect at Galveston. One of
the driving wheels of the great commercial wagon of the United States
stands at Galveston, and the steam of progress is driving the mighty
vehicle westward, keeping pace with the "star of empire."

When that network of railroads which but for secession would now have
been thrown over all Texas, east, west, north and south, tapping the
wheat regions of Northern Texas, the lumber regions of Eastern Texas,
the stock regions of Western Texas, and the cotton and sugar regions
of Southern Texas; we say, when this railroad system shall be achieved
for that great country, thus developing and bringing to the markets of
the world the productive resources of Texas, a country six to seven
hundred miles square, large enough to lay down on its surface the State
of Massachusetts more than thirty times, and not lap anywhere, the
result will be wonderful beyond all present calculations. Every variety
of soil is found in Texas, and all kinds of grain and fruit can be
produced there, with sugar, and cotton one to four bales to the acre.

Texas is a country of great extremes and contradictions. It is the
hottest and coldest; the driest and wettest; it has the most streams
and the least water, some wet and some dry, and mostly dry at that;
the best soil and the poorest, very little of the latter; the most
cattle and the least milk, and butter, and cheese, and beef; the most
salubrious climate and most sudden changes of weather; the least
rain and heaviest rain-storms; the sunniest sky and most terrific
thunder-storms; the most balmy Gulf breezes and most bitter biting
northers; long rivers and least navigation; the heaviest pine forests
and least pine lumber; the best types of society, and the meanest the
sun ever shone upon.

Portable saw-mills, located along projected railroads in those pine
forests lying in Eastern Texas, hundreds of miles in extent, taking
Brazos River as the dividing line between Eastern and Western Texas,
would coin money for the proprietors. And the prediction is safe
that the time is not far distant when the railroads will be built,
those forests felled and cut up into lumber, towns spring up, and the
"wilderness bud and blossom as the rose."

The wet and dry seasons come in pretty regular alternations, each in
a series of seven to ten years. And nature, ever faithful, with her
"canny hand" has recorded these meteorological histories in trees of
the forest, and the record may be traced back through a period of two
hundred years. The unmistakable record is traceable in the thick and
thin rings or grains of the trees, varying in thickness from that of a
wafer to a quarter of an inch, in grades from thin to thick, the former
representing the dry, and the latter the wet seasons.

Now some crops of the country are more successfully raised in the dry
seasons, and others in the wet. Cotton is produced in the greatest
abundance in a comparatively dry season; corn the reverse. So that, by
keeping and observing a critical meteorological record the planter can
calculate with a good degree of certainty what crops would promise best
from year to year. Thus, we believe, Providence has made it feasible,
through science and art, for man to live and prosper in any country
or climate under the sun. And further, the normal products of the
different countries and climates are most suitable for the industries,
health and happiness of the inhabitants thereof.

If the labor question of that country is ever properly settled and
harmonized--in regard to which we are more hopeful than doubtful from
recent data--the leading productive interest of Texas will continue to
be that of cotton, particularly in the southern-central section. But we
think the future will show that the strongest rival interest will be
grape culture and wine making.

It is now conceded and agreed by practical men in the business of
grape-growing there, that the soil and climate of Texas are admirably
adapted to grape culture; and though in the past cotton has engrossed
the attention of the people to the exclusion almost of every product
except corn, now the cultivation of grapes is assuming prominent and
tangible shape, and commanding the practical attention of the citizens
of the State. Besides, the next few years will probably bring into the
State thousands of vine-growers from the South of France and Germany,
who will make this their principal business. If we look at the progress
made with the vine in Ohio and other Northern States, with a less
favored soil and climate, increasing from four thousand acres, ten or
twelve years ago, to two millions of acres now devoted to wine-growing,
yielding large profits and immense fortunes for those engaged in the
business, how much greater success may be expected to accrue from an
equal outlay of money and effort in the warm loamy soils of Texas.

The change in the labor system, resulting from the late war, is
bringing the subject into more public notice. The system of forced
labor no longer overshadows and oppresses the spirit of progress and
improvement there. The inveterate slowness of the country must give way
before the advancing step of reform, and as increasing light breaks in,
bringing to public view the ponderous follies of the past industrial
history of the country, new ideas will be allowed and patronized;
new experiments made on scientific principles, and the present and
prospective resources of the country, heretofore undiscovered or
neglected, will be developed to a degree of profit and fortune that
will astound the people themselves. When the people see that, in the
matter of grape culture, a few acres cultivated in the vine will
yield as large a profit as a cotton plantation ten times as large,
and requiring ten times the labor, many more will be tempted to plant
vineyards and reap the easy reward; so that after they are well planted
and cared for, and by the third year have reached the profitable
bearing period, instead of fifty dollars per acre, at most, net profit,
as with cotton, for _wine_ only a _clear_ profit of five hundred to one
thousand dollars per acre may be realized from grapes, and equally so
for table use. Nor is there danger of overstocking the market with so
useful and healthful a delicacy. The greater the supply the greater
the demand. Our remarks on profits of grape culture are not imaginary
guesswork, but based on well ascertained _facts_ in the experience of
vine-growers in Texas, with whom we have a personal acquaintance. They
recommend the following varieties as doing well and being profitable
there: The Concord, Clinton, Diana, Delaware, Iowa, Ives' Seedling,
Herbemont, Creveling, Hartford Prolific, Perkins, Black July, Jacques,
and Rogers' Hybrids numbers 1, 3, 4, 9, 15, 19, 22; and they say the
beginner will do well to commence with the Clinton, Concord, etc.,
which will almost take care of themselves. The Diana is a fine grape
for either table or wine. The Delaware and Isabella are fine table
grapes, and the best native growers they have. But in Texas the trouble
is to choose, for they nearly all do well.

As an indication and natural justification of the most sanguine ideas
of grape culture in Texas, we will state that the indigenous Mustang
grape grows there spontaneously in great wasteful abundance, along
the water-courses, on the uplands and upland "dry runs." There are
cart-loads, car-loads, yes, steamboat loads of them growing wild over
the country, and in different varieties. From this kind of grape are
manufactured just those claret or sour wines most grateful to the
tastes of people in hot climates.

It is thought by many good people in Texas, and as a temperance
expedient too, that Providence hereby indicates what drinks, aside from
water, are needful for the health and temperate habits of the country.
The question is, why is the country so overstocked with this kind of
grape? not by accident, or for mere ornament, certainly, nor for the
use of bird or beast, for they touch them not, nor yet for table use,
as no human tongue or lips would last long coming in contact with the
powerful acid of the hull of this kind of grape. The pulp has a most
delicious flavor, but can not be sucked from its dark inclosure without
bringing with it the biting acid. There is no alternative; it was
intended for man's use after being transformed into wine.




CHAPTER VI.

EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON TASTES AND APPETITES.


It is worthy of note and may be remarked that one's tastes and
appetites undergo great changes in passing from a high northern clime
to a southern; so much so that to his own surprise one finds himself
literally accomplishing the experience of "loving what he once hated,
and hating what he once loved." For example, buttermilk and clabber
are delicious to the taste there; but few people ever think of them
in the North except in association with food for swine. There, for
convenience of using at meals, the milk fresh from the cow is first
strained into bowls and tumblers, and then set aside and left stand for
the cream to rise, and the hot weather, with or without thunder-storms,
to inspissate the milk into clabber. Then it is brought on as the most
delicious dish on the table, reserved as dessert for the last round,
sprinkled with clean white sugar.

The difference of feeling, taste, appetite and temper we experience
in changing climates is exactly measured by the isothermal difference
of our latitudes. One may have a sweet platonic temper in the North,
but in changing latitude ten or fifteen degrees southward, he will be
surprised to find his temper tending to a change of ten or fifteen
degrees also. And if he be a Christian he will be tempted at times
to think divine grace not sufficient to preserve the peace between
conscience and conduct. The reader will please note that we speak in
these matters not from observation alone but with the authority of
experience also.

We knew a minister of religion there, a recent import from the virtuous
and platonic North, who had not been thoroughly mad for twenty years,
and who possessed no little degree of self-complacency on the score of
an invincible equanimity of temper; and his feeling had the merit of
fact; so much so that once on a time, before his migration southward,
one of his friends, observing his uniform evenness of temper, even in
the midst of great provocation, and becoming irritated at his want of
irritation, said to him: "Tell me, Sir, why is it that you don't get
mad sometimes; your want of temper seems unmanly, unnatural, and savors
of effeminacy, and reminds me to quote Shakespeare on you thus: You
can 'smile, and smile, and be a villain still.' Don't refuse to express
indignation on just occasion, but blow off the pent-up stuff; a little
thunder now and then purifies a sultry atmosphere."

We saw this clerical specimen of "patience on a monument" one day
suddenly lose his virtuous temper, and fall into a paroxysm of madness,
and on slight provocation, quite fearful to behold, in which he poured
out the vials of his wrath upon his friend, to the exhaustion of all
decent epithets. Samson was shorn of his strength and left weak like
another man, self-mortified beyond measure! Much we searched to know
the cause of this sudden transformation, and while we wondered fancy
heard a voice whisper, "The climate, the climate."

From this standpoint we commenced a series of observations, and became
satisfied the fancied suggestion was correct. We found by pushing
inquiry far enough that church members were considered quite excusable
in the use of profane language when driving ox or mule teams. The
offense was not regarded as deserving severe reprimand or expulsion
from the church. A more puritanic style of Christian morals would not
allow the excuse to be carried to such a degree of license, for it
sternly insists that the Christian should be master, and not subject,
at the hour of trial, and will scarcely allow that circumstances may be
reckoned in the moral count to palliate offenses.

Doubtless the standard of moral sentiment with the public in gross is
lower in Texas than elsewhere in the South, because, forsooth, it is
a newer country; and in this respect partakes of the free and easy
characteristics common to all new countries in their pioneer life.
Besides, it was originally settled by an Anglo-American element, called
in the expressive parlance of those days "renegade Americans," from
the "States," "refugees from justice" many of them, smart, shrewd and
unscrupulous, whose sons are now on the stage of action. This was
the element which, during the late war, found an opportunity for the
gratification of its native instincts, and dominated everything, and
inaugurated and kept alive a perfect reign of terror in the absence
of the better class of citizens at the seat of war. Half a dozen of
these desperadoes could intimidate and plunder a town without let or
hindrance; and if any one objected or offered resistance he was shot
down like a dog, and nothing said or done about it. Eight or ten of
them entered our store one day, in the summer of 1863, and in our
presence helped themselves to suits of clothing, boots and shoes, hats
and caps, taking from six to eight hundred dollars' worth, in gold.
Some of them duplicated and triplicated the robberies. One of them
walked up to us and flourishing a six-shooter across the counter, said:
"If you say a word there is what will make daylight shine through your
d--d Yankee carcass." The situation was not pleasant at all, but there
was no relief. They walked off with their plunder, and we thought as
they went, "good riddance to bad rubbish;" but no, this was not the
end of the matter, for on the principle that man never forgives whom
he has injured, we had to meet a personal challenge to a duel from the
leader of the gang, the one who had threatened to make daylight shine
in a disagreeable way. The challenge was given because we had said to
a lady accomplice of theirs, who was in the store after the robbery,
ostensibly to purchase goods, but really to draw us out in some
unguarded remark that could be used as an excuse for an attack on us:
"That in ordinary times, their conduct would be considered no less a
crime than robbery." Our challenger said he was ready to stake his life
in vindication of his conduct, and he turned pale and trembled like an
aspen leaf. While he was excited we kept cool, and suggested to him
that perhaps his information about what had been said was not quite
correct, and even if it were, and we should fight over the matter, and
one of us should have the satisfaction of carrying the other's blood
on his soul to the judgment, we did not see how that would change the
character of their original conduct. That if he were reasonable the
matter could be adjusted between us peaceably. And on appealing to his
better judgment, he conceded we were right, and said in conclusion:

"Mr. North, though you are from our enemies' country I believe you are
a gentleman, and hereafter I am your friend."

"Well," said we, "how much better such a termination to a bad matter
than to make targets of ourselves in a duel. And now, my good fellow,
let by-gones be by-gones, and may we have a better understanding in the
future."

"Agreed," he said, and we parted.

We met casually afterward, and he minded the treaty.




CHAPTER VII.

TEXAS OATH OF OFFICE

The oath of office in Texas is the same it is in Illinois; and yet it
seems to have little power to save the country from the curses of the
dueling spirit. It would seem that the "code of honor," so called, is
a good deal demoralized in Texas, in comparison with its status in the
older Southern States--if such a thing can be demoralized. It assumes
more the form of open and secret assassination--shooting a man down
behind his back, or in the dark, or on sight, with the simple warning,
"Take care of yourself."

A duelist can not hold office in Texas, but he can defeat a good law
by turning assassin, and committing a crime that eclipses the one
forbidden by the oath of office.

It may be that the criminal reports of Texas can show that a man has
been hung there for killing a man, but it is doubtful. But many a man
has been hung for stealing a horse by "Judge Lynch." The horse thief
is generally disposed of in this summary way without judge or jury;
and even when tried and sentenced by the courts to the penitentiary
the officer having charge of the prisoner for safe delivery there, by
collusion or otherwise, reports him "escaped," by which the knowing
ones understand he is rescued from the officer by a mob and hung to the
nearest tree. _Shame_ on such law and order, even among barbarians. But
such are the issues of life and death in Texas, and a man is a little
nearer death there all the while than in any other country we wot of.

As an example of the jeopardy of human life, and how crime against
society maybe committed with impunity in that country, we will give the
case of a leading business man in one of the cities of Texas, and a
prominent member of a leading religious body (whose name we withhold),
who, some years before the war, had a personal difficulty with a
citizen, who had threatened him with personal violence. He had him
placed under arrest, to be bound over to keep the peace; but when so
arrested, and in the hands of the officer of the law, and at a moment
when he was most harmless, the meek follower of _Him_ who "resisted
not evil," drew a pistol and shot him dead! And would you think it,
to the disgrace and outrage of religious decency, and law and order,
no notice was ever taken of it by either the courts or the church. He
has been an acceptable member of the same religious sect ever since,
worshiped at her altars, taken her sacraments, said her prayers, and
mingled in her fellowships. We have frequently seen him taking part in
religious service, but could never set eyes on his reticent cast-iron
face without seeing the mark of Cain upon him. In the murderous act he
gave the clearest evidence of both physical and moral cowardice, and
hellish revenge.

But after all, why should such a state of things be thought so very
strange, when laymen have the example of the priest. "Like people, like
priest," is true in more senses than one. There is a certain Doctor
of Divinity in Texas who is said to be a man of profound learning and
intellectual refinement, President, before the war, of ---- University,
located at C., and named for a celebrated ecclesiastic. This divine
was considered and admired by many as the leading orator of the State.
He had been imported from the State called the "Mother of Presidents,"
a few years prior to the war, to push forward and build up the
educational interests of the State, and especially of the religious
denomination in which he was a shining light.

But when secession was sprung upon the people he switched off on that,
and became the most violent advocate, perhaps, in all the State, of
the right and of the duty of Secession. He canvassed the State in that
interest. The war opened, he raised a regiment, was made its colonel,
and went to the front. It was not long before reports came back that
the Doctor was drinking, and had been seen intoxicated more than once.
Meanwhile his ambition was struggling for a brigadier-generalship,
which he never reached. Two years passed, and the Confederacy was
meeting heavy reverses in the field; and now the time had come to give
a few more turns to the thumb-screws of conscription, even to the
extent, as General Grant said, of "robbing the cradle and the grave."

The Doctor was just the man to send home from the army to canvass
the State by way of bolstering up a sinking cause, and preparing the
people--what were left of them, the old men and women and babies--for
the new movements of military despotism. We heard the Doctor in a
labored speech of two or three hours' length, in which he attempted
to show that the Confederacy had never been more promising of final
success. That though some appearances were unfavorable, such as the
loss of New Orleans, Vicksburg and the command of the Mississippi
River, and some other _un_important points, yet the spirit of the
Confederacy was unbroken, the armies were withdrawing from all
unimportant places, except Richmond, and concentrating on important
ones, located off the principal thoroughfares of the country, little
towns among the by-ways and hedges, out of harm's way, where the enemy
could not reach them, and where strategic movements could be planned
without molestation from the enemy, and from whence dashing surprises
could be executed upon him without fear of a return of the compliment
with interest. A policy which, the speaker said, was quite the
reverse of that of the Union armies, as they were obliged to scatter
in proportion as the Confederates concentrated, in order to garrison
the points and occupy the country thus vacated. The argument looked
plausible to the green ones, didn't it, reader? It is always easy to
make people believe what they want to believe.




CHAPTER VIII.

THE DOCTOR'S PRIZE-RING ILLUSTRATION.


But at last the Doctor gave his spell-bound audience the benefit of
a prize-ring illustration, which ran on this wise: He said "that the
Southern champion had choice of ground, and the corner in the ring with
his back to the sun, which compelled the Northern pugilist to face
the fiery orb, which he regarded quite an advantage, as he thought
'Sam' could not long endure the hot blaze in his face. He described
'Sam' as a man of giant frame and strength, but awkward movements, and
questionable powers of endurance, a Goliath in appearance, fearful to
look upon or to hear, his voice like that of his Philistine prototype.
But he had not the pluck, the heroism, the chivalry of his antagonist,
and, indeed, could not have, for he was descended from the Roundheads
of England, who in all their generations had been a pestilent and
meddlesome race of fanatics wherever found, at home and abroad. Not
so with the Southern champion. 'Johnny' came down from the Olympic
heavens of the English Cavaliers, brave, chivalrous, with small but
compact frame, agile, confident, the very David of the Southern house
of Israel."

He said "the prize was the grandest ever battled for among the battling
nations. The fight in the first few rounds was a regular stand-up
give-and-take. The first knock-down and first blood were awarded to
'Johnny' at Bull Run, or Manassas. After that he feinted, dodged and
retreated, till at Richmond he got in a stunning blow on the giant,
and 'sent him to grass.' After being well sponged up in the Washington
corner, by Abraham and Mac, his seconds, the giant came to time again,
and a few more rounds were had, at Gettysburg, Fort Donaldson, Shiloh,
Perryville, New Orleans and Vicksburg, where the little man of the
South was repeatedly knocked down and roughly handled in chancery.
'Johnny' tried once to suddenly flank 'Sam' and get first to the
Washington corner, which well-nigh proved fatal to his resources of
strength and endurance.

"After this the programme of the little David was changed to dodging,
retreating, falling, _a la_ Tom Sayers; but he was to put in a telling
blow when he could, tapping the wind, closing the sight, and drawing
blood as much as possible, and when he couldn't, to depend mainly on
avoiding blows, but keep on provoking them, thus leaving 'Sam' to
exhaust himself in 'beating the air,' as heavy blows given in the air
are more hurtful and exhausting to the striker than when delivered upon
an object. David was to make feints and dodge, which would set the
Northern Philistine in a rage after him around the ring, the one giving
prodigious blows in the air, the other keeping out of harm's way."

This sort of negative policy the learned, pious and patriotic Doctor
claimed would "give victory to the Southern champion, and he would bear
the giant's head in triumph to the camp of Israel."

Save the want of rhetorical dignity in the illustration, it was all
well enough, only so it had been true to the facts, but unfortunately
subsequent events went to show that the little wiry man of the South
became exhausted by the dodging and retreating policy first, and went
under at last, and the bloody sponge was thrown up in token of his
defeat.

Some time before this appearance of the divine orator a card appeared
in the Houston press, over the Doctor's name, threatening dire
vengeance upon his slanderers, according to the _code duello_. In his
speech he referred to the card, and then giving a Randolphian angle and
shake to his dexter index finger said, with bitter venom, "that card
is to _stand_ till after the war, when there will be time to settle
with my enemies." The moral disgust we felt at this vile utterance was
simply unutterable.

The next day a certain widow lady, owner of a large plantation and a
hundred negroes, was in the store; she was tall and straight, with
sharp angular features, a dark Southern complexion, black hair and
eyes in keeping, a masculine business turn of mind, and occupied
perpendicular space in air, about five feet nine inches. Taken
undivided her presence was rather commanding. Approaching us at the
counter, with quizzing eye, and an air of triumph, she said:

"Well, Sir, how did you like the speech yesterday?"

Generally we had to think twice before speaking once, frequently three
times, and then again keep up a heavy thinking, and not speak at all.
As near as we can calculate we had about three thinks: First, who was
the Doctor? second, who was the lady addressing us? and third, who were
we? Then we replied:

"Madam, I have no fault to find with the speech as a Confederate
speech; it was all well enough in that regard. As a piece of oratory
I admired many portions of it; as the effort of a politician on the
stump, or of a jury advocate, I thought very well of it, but I did not
approve the animus of the speaker when judged from the standpoint of a
Christian divine."

"Why, Sir, what do you mean?" said the lady.

"I mean, Madam, that the spirit of dueling is not the spirit of Christ."

"The Doctor's remarks about the dueling card pleased me more than
anything else," rejoined the lady.

"That part of the Doctor's remarks I disapproved most," we rejoined.

"Well," she continued, "I am a professing Christian, and a member of
the Baptist Church. I have several sons, and have always taught them
to defend their characters according to the _code of honor_, and, Sir,
if your ideas are correct then I confess I know very little about
Christianity."

"Very likely, Madam, and I think none of us know much about the
true spirit of it, the way we are going on. But, my dear lady, what
are the Doctor's grievances when compared with those of Christ and
his Apostles? and yet what would you think of the idea that they
carried deadly weapons to defend their characters and persons with?
Preposterous, do you say? 'The servant is not above his Lord.' If the
Master might not do so how much less the servant. And furthermore, how
does the Doctor's case stand in the constellated light of the Master's
declaration, 'My kingdom is not of this world, else my servants would
fight.'"

"Well," said the lady again, in a half desponding tone, "if that's the
true doctrine I don't know what we should do if we should undertake to
carry it out in this world. But then I can't believe it, and that's all
there is about it with me, I can't believe it."

"There's the trouble, Madam, we don't really and practically believe
what we profess except when the truth conserves our self-interest,
or our convenience. When otherwise we can not trust God for results,
but take matters out of his hands and control them ourselves, and for
ourselves. And behold what dirty, wicked work we make of it sometimes."

Just then the wealthy planteress left, as though with a new idea in her
head and heart.

But to quote the Doctor a little more. He said: "After the war I intend
giving myself to the legal profession, and shall not return to the
pulpit. I am keeping a _spotted book_. All persons who refuse to go
into the army, or evade the conscript law by any dodge or subterfuge
whatever, their names shall go down in the spotted book, to receive
my special attention after the war, personally, professionally, and
politically, and I swear it here and now; they shall be hunted in
town, in the city, through the wilderness, out of the country, and
peradventure a worse fate may befall them!"

He said: "If Southern independence can not be achieved I would prefer
to go under the English or French flag. I could bear being whipped
by the Mexicans, by England, by France, or by any other people under
the sun--even by the Hottentots--but to be subjugated by a meddlesome
pusillanimous race that says _ceow_ for cow, is intolerable to the last
degree."

Two years after this speech, when the war was over, we met the Doctor
at the dinner-table of the City Hotel in New Orleans, most slouchfully
dressed, and with an equally slouchful look; at least so imagination
played through our optics. He was on a pilgrimage to Washington to
swallow the hated "iron-clad," and obtain his pardon. We thought
appearances indicated that he needed a pardon bad, both from Washington
and from a higher source. No man in Texas had done more to promote
secession. He was a violent denunciator of all who did not succumb to
his way of thinking, and tacitly, at least, gave countenance to the mob
spirit against them.

We say, is it strange that laymen should hold human life of little
value when their spiritual leaders do the same. Here was a man who bore
the tri-colored character of divine, educator and military captain,
merging the whole in the low, despicable and intensely wicked character
of duelist.

It is only two years since the writer was back in Texas a few months,
and while there a political meeting was held at the city of H., one
night. At that meeting Judge ---- was one of the speakers, and in his
speech made some caustic allusions to "scallawags" which the Doctor
construed as intended by the speaker for him, whereupon the next day
he addressed a note to the Judge, by the hand of his friend, demanding
an explanation, which was refused because of the arrogant tone of the
language in which the demand was made. A second note was dispatched,
repeating the demand, and closing in case the Judge again declined
explanation, with a challenge to fight, conceding to him choice of
weapons and place. To this he declined as before, and for similar
reasons; also, declined acceptance of the challenge on the grounds
that, first, he had conscientious scruples, and second, it was a
violation of the laws of the land, but that if attacked he should
defend himself in accordance with the law and right of self-defense.

Now, at this stage of the affair the Doctor was reduced to the
alternatives of yielding the point of honor or shooting on sight. He
chose the latter. So, with divers and sundry weapons of death--a rifle,
a double-barreled shot-gun, a six-shooter, and a pair of derringers,
with, perhaps, a bowie-knife, meaning by the medley of arms to observe
the nice point of using the same weapon the Judge might have when
they met--he took position on Main Street, where his game had to pass
in going from his house to his office, and waited there two or three
hours, but the Judge did not appear. By this time a large crowd of the
Doctor's friends and neutral spectators had gathered round, and the
enraged divine--or colonel, as he was then called--stepped upon a dry
goods box and harangued the excited crowd, closing up with the historic
and threadbare denunciation of the Judge as "a scoundrel, a liar and a
coward," and he would shoot him when and wherever he saw him. He then
retired to private quarters, to be flattered by a few friends for his
brave and chivalrous conduct. Of course the Judge was a scoundrel a
liar and a coward, because the Colonel said so, in the God-defying
spirit of hate and murder. He could not be a good man, an honest man,
or a brave or true man, after this; no, the Colonel had said it before
men and angels, and laughing devils, and the universe was bound to
credit his _ipse dixit_. The parties, however, were soon reconciled by
the good and pacific offices of the Masonic fraternity, of which they
proved to be members. The Judge said he did not intend his remarks on
scalawags for the Colonel, and did not know the Colonel was a Mason.
And the Colonel said he did not know the Judge was a Mason, or he
might have acted differently; that the Judge was a gentleman, and he
certainly felt bound to make the _amende honorable_. How changed! The
furious madman would have killed him but a few hours ago, but suddenly
he becomes as "gentle as a sucking dove." O, poor deluded devotee of
the dueling code, thou wouldst have imbrued thy hands in the blood of
thy fellow, and on thine own mistaken suspicion! Well, God pity thee
till thou learnest better, and ceasest thy barbarity of soul!




CHAPTER IX.

BABEL OF TONGUES.--SAM HOUSTON.


The center of attraction to all political parties in the South was
slavery; and no party could expect to exist with any respectable
dimensions, or to possess any organic force in public affairs that did
not gravitate in that direction. It was the Banquo's Ghost of every
occasion and emergency. It is true, however, that there was a weak,
maudlin, and mawkish anti-slaveryism here and there, through the South;
but it had no bowels of effective demonstration; no inherent potency of
melting mercy and just indignation, to stem the counter current, and
throw off the shackles self-imposed. But when the South had drifted
on the shoals of secession the issues were changed, and large and
respectable masses of the people preferred the Union to slavery; but
still the institution dominated everything in the shape of political
action. The situation now was attended with schismatic sentiment and
covert action against it, as witnessed in the babel of tongues on the
question of secession.

There were different parties in Texas, representing many different
views and measures, to meet the new monster now emerging from the deep
waters of the nation's life.

First and foremost, the old original died-in-the-wool, South Carolina,
John C. Calhoun, nullification party, which, though fewest in numbers,
yet embraced in its ranks, most of the talent, wealth, and fashion
of the South. This party believed in secession _per se_, for its own
sake; and had been plotting and planning for long years to make it an
accomplished fact. They thought the suitable occasion had now arrived
for striking the effective blow in its behalf. They could now fire
the public heart, through the medium of slavery, and win the prize of
Southern independence.

There was another party, more numerous, who accepted the doctrine of
secession as the dernier condition--that the rights of the South could
not otherwise be preserved inviolate. They argued, "Wait till the
commission of an overt act by the new Administration--Congressional or
Executive interference--then will be time enough, and better excuse in
the face of the nation and of mankind, for secession."

A third party believed in preserving the Union at almost all hazards;
even with the loss of the peculiar rights of the South. They argued and
urged that Southern rights could be maintained by fighting for them,
if need be "in the Union and under the old flag." This party was quite
numerous.

A fourth party said, but dare not say it very loud, "Let slavery slide,
if need be it is not worth shedding blood over, but let us have the
Union. Besides, the sentiment of all mankind is against our servile
system, and history will dig its grave at last." This party was in the
minority of all.

Still a fifth party opposed secession under any circumstances, on
the ground of _bad policy_, and _inexpediency_. They said, secession
is suicide, the very course to pursue by which to swamp and lose our
rights. Secession will be a stupendous failure, and we shall lose by it
the very thing we propose thereby to defend and save. Prophetic words,
which subsequent events literally fulfilled.

This was old General Sam Houston's position. He led this party in
Texas. He spoke his mind freely anywhere, and in the face of threats,
denunciations and mobs. We remember the interest and excitement
manifest a few days before the vote on secession was taken in Texas,
on the occasion when the "old man eloquent" of the "Lone Star State"
came down to Galveston from Houston, to address the people on the
exciting topic. The rumor spread through the city that Houston had
come and would speak the next day at eleven o'clock A. M., from the
second gallery of the Tremont House. It was evident there was a deep
undercurrent of excitement, with a glassy calmness on the surface,
as in "still waters that run deep." There was an unsearchable
depth in each man's eye, like the shadowy stillness preceding the
bursting storm. In the morning of the day when he was to speak a
self-constituted committee of several leading citizens waited on the
General at his quarters, and warned him not to attempt making a speech
that day, as they feared serious disturbance and personal harm to him.
They said: "General, you know we are your personal friends, and have
been your political supporters heretofore, but we are opposed to your
views on secession; still we don't want to see you harmed."

The General replied with characteristic dignity: "Gentlemen, I thank
you for your personal considerations, but I have seen stormy times in
Texas before, and I have seen my personal friends tremble for my safety
before; but, gentlemen, I shall make the speech to-day at eleven
o'clock A. M., as already given out, from the upper gallery of the
Tremont House--should be pleased to see you there, gentlemen, to hear,
and if necessary to help keep order."

One of the parties to the interview came into our office and reported
what had passed. The writer had then never seen the General, and felt a
strong desire to go and hear the "old war-horse," but concluded, being
a stranger in the country, and not wishing to be caught in the presence
of a mob, not to go. Eleven o'clock came, and twelve, and some one came
in and said: "Houston is speaking, and has been for an hour, and all is
quiet." We went and heard the balance of his speech. After seeing and
hearing him a few minutes we did not wonder he was not disturbed by a
mob.

There he stood, an old man of seventy years, on the balcony ten feet
above the heads of the thousands assembled to hear him, where every
eye could scan his magnificent form, six feet and three inches high,
straight as an arrow, with deep set and penetrating eyes, looking out
from under heavy and thundering eyebrows, a high open forehead, with
something of the infinite intellectual shadowed there, crowned with
thin white locks, partly erect, seeming to give capillary conduction
to the electric fluid used by his massive brain, and a voice of the
deep basso tone, which shook and commanded the soul of the hearer.
Adding to all this a powerful manner, made up of deliberation,
self-possession and restrained majesty of action, leaving the hearer
impressed with the feeling that more of his power was hidden than
revealed. Thus appeared Sam Houston on this grand occasion, equal and
superior to it, as he always was to every other. He paralyzed the arm
of the mobocrat by his personal presence, and it was morally impossible
for him to be mobbed in Texas, and if not there then not anywhere; no,
not even in that hot country which, as the Boston divine said, "modesty
forbids us to name," and which, in this respect, is the best synonym
for it, and rival of it, we can imagine.




CHAPTER X.

SAM HOUSTON'S SPEECH.


The drift of Houston's speech was--_the inexpediency and bad policy of
secession_.

He told them they could secure without secession what they proposed to
secure by it, and would certainly lose through it. He gave the greater
force to his declarations by appealing to them to know if he had not
generally been right in the past history of Texas, when any great issue
was at stake. Told them he made Texas and they knew it, and it was not
immodest for him to say so; that the history of old Sam Houston was the
history of Texas, and they knew it; that he fought and won the battle
of annexation, and they knew it; that he originally organized and
established the Republic of Texas, and they knew it; that he wrested
Texas from the despotic sway of Santa Anna; that he commanded at San
Jacinto, where the great Mexican leader was whipped and captured, and
they knew it.

"Some of you," he continued, "opposed the annexation of Texas to the
United States, and I suppose have never forgiven me, even to this
day, but I appeal to your sober judgments if, as it were, the very
next day after annexation became history, Texas did not enter upon
a career of fortune she had never realized before. I appeal to you
for the frank confession that you have always prospered most when
you have listened to my counsels. I am an old man now. I knew you in
infancy, took you and dandled you on my knee, nursed you through all
your baby ailments, and with great care and solicitude watched and
aided your elevation to political and commercial manhood. Will you now
reject these last counsels of your political father, and squander your
political patrimony in riotous adventure, which I now tell you, and
with something of prophetic ken, will land you in fire and rivers of
blood.

"Some of you laugh to scorn the idea of bloodshed as a result of
secession, and jocularly propose to drink all the blood that will ever
flow in consequence of it! But let me tell you what is coming on the
heels of secession. The time will come when your fathers and husbands,
your sons and brothers, will be herded together like sheep and cattle
at the point of the bayonet; and your mothers and wives, and sisters
and daughters, will ask, Where are they? and echo will answer, where?

"You may," said he, "after the sacrifice of countless millions of
treasure, and hundreds of thousands of precious lives, as a bare
possibility, win Southern independence, if God be not against you; but
I doubt it. I tell you that, while I believe with you in the doctrines
of State rights, the North is determined to preserve this Union. They
are not a fiery impulsive people as you are, for they live in cooler
climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction, where
great interests are involved, such as the present issues before the
country, they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a
mighty avalanche, and what I fear is they will overwhelm the South with
ignoble defeat, and I would say, amen, to the suffering and defeat I
have pictured if the present difficulties could find no other solution,
and that too by peaceable means. I believe they can. Otherwise I would
say, 'Better die freemen than live slaves.'

"Whatever course my State shall determine to pursue my faith in State
supremacy and State rights will carry my sympathies with her. And, as
Henry Clay, my political opponent on annexation said, when asked why
he allowed his son to go into the Mexican War, 'My country, right or
wrong,' so I say, my State, right or wrong."

We noticed several times the very men applauding the speech who had
opposed the speaker and the speaking in the morning. The power of
General Houston over a Texas audience was magical to the last degree,
and doubtless well understood by himself; hence he feared no mobs.

During the first year of the war Colonel Moore had organized a splendid
regiment of eleven hundred young men, volunteers mostly from Galveston,
finely equipped, of which Sam Houston, Jr., was a member. They were
on dress parade daily, and presented a charming appearance. It was as
fine a regiment as went to the war from any section of the country. The
Colonel was justly proud of them, and fond of exhibiting their superior
drill and "dress" to the public, and particularly to old military men.
They fought their first battle at Pittsburg Landing, or Shiloh, as the
Confederates called it. But before leaving the island for the seat
of war the Colonel invited General Houston to review his regiment.
Now Judge Campbell, of one of the judicial districts of Texas, and
Williamson S. Oldham, member of the Confederate Congress, had been
the old General's bitter enemies during the canvass on secession.
They had followed him night and day through the State. On the day
set for him to review and put the regiment through some military
evolutions, the General was on hand at the hour and place. This called
out a large concourse of people to witness the performance; the day
was sunny and beautiful; the hour ten in the forenoon. The regiment
was in complete uniform and perfectly armed; their arms glistened in
the sunbeams as they stood in perfect dress, and at "present arms,"
when the "hero of San Jacinto," supported by their Colonel, stood
in front. He was the hero of San Jacinto sure enough, for there he
stood, in the same military suit he had worn in 1836, at the battle
of San Jacinto, when Santa Anna was captured; his pants tucked in the
tops of military boots; suspended at his side was the same old sword,
and on his head was a weather-beaten, light-colored, broad-brimmed
planter hat, the left side buttoned up to the crown. There he stood,
the very impersonation of the olden times. It was a sight for
sensation. All eyes were now upon him, some of them dimmed with tears,
and many a throat of soldier and spectator was choking down feeling
unutterable--the writer with the rest. Not a word had yet passed the
General's lips, but now the Colonel passed him his own sword and told
him to proceed. Then came

ORDER NO. 1.--"Shoulder arms."

ORDER NO. 2.--"Right about face." The regiment now facing the rear,
the General cried out in stentorian tones of sarcasm: "Do you see
anything of Judge Campbell or Williamson S. Oldham there?" "No," was
the emphatic reply. "Well," said the General, "they are not found at
the front, nor even at the rear."

ORDER NO. 3.--"Right about, front face."

ORDER NO. 4.--"Eyes right. Do you see anything of Judge Campbell's son
here?" "No, he has gone to Paris to school," responded the regiment.

ORDER NO. 5.--"Eyes left. Do you see anything of young Sam Houston
here?" "Yes," was the thrilling response.

ORDER NO. 6.--"Eyes front. Do you see anything of old Sam Houston
here?" By this time the climax of excitement was reached, and regiment
and citizens together responded, in thunder tones, "Yes!" and then
united in a triple round of three times three and a tiger for the old
hero. Thereupon he returned the Colonel his sword, with the remark,
"There, Colonel, that will do, I leave you to manage the rest of the
maneuvering," and retired from dress parade.

The old General died at Huntsville, Texas, a year or so before the war
closed, but he lived long enough to see fulfilled what he had predicted
in his speeches, and to receive the acknowledgment from some of his
bitterest opponents that he was right. His lone widow followed him to
the grave, by yellow fever, December 5, 1867. Thus ended the career
of the Hercules of the Lone Star State, and she will never do herself
honor, and the name of Houston justice, until she has a monument for
him in granite or marble, surmounted with his statue, or an equestrian
statue, in the metropolis of the State.




CHAPTER XI.

ARGUMENTS ON SECESSION IN OUTLINE.


In the platform of secession there was barely one plank on which all
parties could stand in agreement, and we give it in the following
words, to wit:

"_Resolved_, That the rights of the South are seriously threatened, and
in imminent danger of actual invasion by the North."

This was the solemn affirmation of the whole South. But on the
question, What shall be done, what measures adopted, what course
pursued, to make the most and the best out of the situation? the people
were not a little divided. We will recite a few of the arguments in
outline used by the different factions.

The original secessionist argued from the Constitution itself, that the
States out of which the Union was formed were independent sovereignties
antecedent to the Union, and all State elements and powers were
reserved to the sovereignties that were not _expressly_ surrendered to
the General Government; that the Constitution was the instrument and
servant of the Union, and was not intended to reflect its power back
upon the reserved rights of the States. That the Constitution did not
_forbid_ secession in express terms, _ergo_, the right of secession
was _negatively implied_ by the Constitution; that its silence on the
subject was, and could be, no bar to the right; that it could not take
notice of the subject at all, as it is not in the nature of such an
instrument _per se_ to anticipate its own repeal or dissolution.

The suggestion to "wait for an overt act," was answered by saying that
the Union was like a business copartnership for certain purposes, and
when one member of the firm declares his purpose to swindle the other
whenever opportunity serves, it is the privilege, the right, the duty,
of the partner thus placed in jeopardy not to wait for the "overt
act" of swindling to transpire, but to forestall and prevent it by
breaking up the compact at once; that the Union was substantially such
a copartnership, or compact, for purposes of mutual aid, and for mutual
protection against foreign invasion.

This sort of argument appeared plausible, and generally had the
effect to silence dissenting parties. The reply to it was considered
insufficient, that, though the Republican party had succeeded in
placing Mr. Lincoln in the presidential chair, yet he could do nothing
inimical to the rights of the South. His oath of office would deter
him, even if personally inclined to damage the South, and though he
had said in his series of discussions with Stephen A. Douglas, in
Illinois--"This government and country can not remain half free and
half slave." No, secession, unconditional, immediate, bore down all
opposition, and Texas with her ship of state and canvass spread, her
sails flying, and the "Lone Star" floating at top-mast, and all on
board except a few stanch Union men, stood out for the deep sea of
secession and rebellion. She foundered, and with the Confederate armada
of States went to the bottom; and now the Union wreckers are trying to
fish her up, and back into place again.




CHAPTER XII.

TEXAS NEVER INVADED.


Unlike the other Southern States, Texas was never invaded and
devastated by the Union armies. Considered in the light of a necessary
evil, as a terrible educator, or rough civilizer for the barbarian
element in Texas society, it might have been a good thing, perhaps,
if she had been overrun, and this low element thoroughly subjugated,
and made feel and understand that there was another force in the
world besides Texas outlawry--that of law and order. But all things
considered, it is probably as well she was saved from such a scourging.
The innocent would have suffered with the guilty, and many lives and
much property been sacrificed.

Texas was never whipped in spirit, only nominally whipped, in being
surrendered by the official act of General E. Kirby Smith. Like
"dog Tray," she was found in bad company. Indeed, so far from being
whipped in spirit was she, that the proposition was seriously made and
entertained, after Lee's surrender, that Texas could carry on the war
by herself, and alone win what the whole South had failed to achieve
together. General Magruder issued a bombastic proclamation to this
effect. But the more sensible people understood it as a shrewd blind on
his part, to facilitate his escape to Mexico, which he made immediately
after.

By no means would we leave the impression that the whole population
felt this way. The intelligent and better classes plainly saw, and
admitted their cause was irretrievably lost, and in justice to them we
must say they were willing to accept the situation in good faith, and
govern themselves accordingly. One of this class said to the writer:
"I have fought the fight, been whipped, and now I submit and say, the
United States Government is good enough for me, and hereafter I am as
good a Union man as the best."

But we must say of the other class that swallowed Magruder's
proclamation, that they did not accept the situation in good faith,
have not yet, and never will so long as they can keep the waters muddy.
For the benefit of this class, if they could have suffered alone, one
could have desired Sherman's or Sheridan's army to pass through the
country and give it a touch of devastation. You wish to know what class
they were. We give the following description: They were a mixed class
with very little of the good in the mixture. They didn't have horns
on their heads, nor were they cloven-footed except in character; and
in this respect they bore strong resemblance to their father, the old
"cloven-foot" himself.

The masses of them wore spurs on their heels, generally the immense
wheel-spur, and though they were not born with them on, yet they might
as well have been, for they not only rode in them, but walked in them,
ate in them, and slept in them. Their clanking as they walked was like
a man in chains. They wore belts around the waist, suspending one or
two revolvers and a bowie knife; were experts in the saddle, had a
reckless dare-evil look, and were always ready for whisky and a big
chew of tobacco, and the handwriting of passion and appetite was all
over them. They were cow-boys from the wild woods and prairies, and
sons of the low class planters, with a strong sprinkling of the low
white trash, clay-eaters, so plentiful in the Atlantic Southern States.

In such a flock the one that has killed his man or more is hero and
leader. This class of desperadoes were tools of the more accomplished,
genteel, oily-tongued, respectable scoundrels in society, who sat
behind the screens in the green-room of iniquity, and were the
wire-pulling prompters of crime--such as intimidation, robbery,
assassination, and so on. Especially was this the case during the war.
It is impossible to understand, without experience, the situation of
unmitigated horror created by such surroundings. One can talk or write
about it, and the hearer or reader can imagine, but experience alone
realizes the full horror.

We have said that Texas was never invaded, but she was pretty
thoroughly blockaded on the coast; and artillery duels between land
and sea frequently took place, but seldom to Confederate disadvantage.
General Hebert was first in command of the Department of Texas, but he
proved to be a man of no military force or practical genius, though a
West Pointer, and had enjoyed the advantages of military associations
in Europe, the reflex of which appeared rather to damage his usefulness
than otherwise. He brought with him so much European red-tape-ism,
and being a constitutional ape, that he preferred red-top boots, and
a greased rat-tail moustache, with a fine equippage, and a suite of
waiters, to the use of good, practical common sense. Cannon, heavy
siege guns, that had cost weeks of time, and thousands of money to
transport from Virginia by rivers, through floods, storm and mud,
lay on the wharves at Galveston, for months, waiting orders from the
commandant to be placed in position on the fortifications erected at
divers points on the island beach. Everybody became tired and disgusted
with the General and his policy. He was too much of a military coxcomb
to suit the ideas and ways of a pioneer country; besides, he was
suspected of cowardice.

In May, 1862, the naval fleet outside made a demand for the surrender
of the city, giving four days for a decision. The demand was refused.
It was believed, of course, that Hebert would at least make a show
of fight for the reputation of it, if for nothing more, and that a
handsome artillery duel might be expected any hour. This expectation
was strengthened by an order for all non-combatants to leave the island
in a given time. The next few days witnessed a general stampede of
people and valuables up country, the writer and his family with the
multitude, to save them from the dangers of flying shot and shell.
Every dray and available vehicle was brought into requisition to convey
people and goods away from the city. Anything that could freight a
thousand pounds or more, could easily command five dollars a load, four
miles to the bridge, where the cars stopped. It was hurrying times.

On the fourth or fifth day a gun-boat ran in and opened fire on "Fort
Point," near the entrance to the inside harbor. According to secret
order, previously given, the fort responded with one gun, and then
it was abandoned. Meanwhile the General and staff, with most of the
troops, were making safe retreat to Virginia Point, four miles down the
bay, on the main land side. Thus the city was left to be occupied by
the Union forces. The naval fleet entered the bay in peaceful triumph,
and no doubt they felt a contempt for the Confederate General in
command, who had so ignominiously fled, when they looked around and saw
the facilities he had for defense.

The intervening space between city and railroad bridge was neutral
ground, not occupied by either party. Non-combatants were freely
allowed passes to and from the city. This cowardly flight so incensed
the people against Hebert, that they petitioned for his removal,
and it was granted. In the fall of 1862 he was replaced by General
Magruder--the gay, dashing, and festive Magruder; and this suited
Texas. But Magruder soon saw that Texas expected him to retrieve the
disgraceful loss of Galveston, the metropolis of the State.

So in a quiet and undemonstrative way, without giving out to the
expectant public either time or mode, he prepared to recapture the
Island City and the fleet in her bay, of which the celebrated and
staunch "Harriet Lane" was the flagship, and stood at the wharf in
central raking attitude to the city.

A few miles below the city of Houston, on Buffalo Bayou, at a point of
narrows, where the huge forest trees on either bank locked arms across
the waters, and the shade thereof made still deeper by the mustang
vine, and the ever creeping old ivy, might have been seen three or four
old steamer hulks being transformed into rams and gun-boats, whose
sides were barricaded with compressed cotton bales. And this was the
naval force with which to attack Uncle Sam's heavy iron-clads. Magruder
had called to his side for consultation, upon the feasibility of his
daring enterprise, his predecessor in command, who laughed him to
scorn, as a dreaming fanatic, with more courage than brains. But not
being disheartened by Hebert's wet blanket, he prosecuted his plans
and purpose to completeness of preparation. Hebert left, and went to
some private retreat up country, where he would not be considered by
any implication, of word or circumstance, to be partaker in so wild and
reckless a scheme.

Outside it was not yet known what time Magruder would make the attack.
The secret was yet in his own breast, or, at most, was confined to
himself and staff. But a few days prior to the event, it was rumored
that Magruder intended making the State a new-year's present. So on
the 31st day of December, A. D. 1862, the fleet weighed anchor, and
proceeded, while yet daylight remained, down the bayou to Red Fish bar,
within fifteen or twenty miles of the Federal fleet, and there anchored
and waited till the dark hour of morning should come, named in "special
orders."

The ugly-looking crafts were manned by volunteers for the occasion, and
though never yet in a fight, they had even more than the determined
spirit of the "veterans." They were spoiling for the fray. One fear
only served to dampen their ardor. The waters might be flowing at low
tide on Red Fish when the hour came to pass it, and they could not pass
it before, for fear of discovery by the Federal fleet, to whom they
intended a complete surprise.

The land forces were at Virginia Point, ready to cross the two-mile
bridge, and move up the island toward the city. Just at the dying
of the old year, and the birth of the new, the two forces began to
move; the one by water, the other by land, with flying artillery. The
rolling wheels were muffled in the sand, and with silent roll and tread
they moved on, and took-well chosen positions. The two forces were to
co-operate. They were to strike together at the moment when the moon
should be gone to rest, which was at five o'clock in the morning. The
land forces were there, and ready to open fire at the time, but waited
till a few minutes after, hoping to hear the signal gun from the fleet
first. But not so; the fleet then was hanging on Red Fish in low tide,
as feared. Fatal detention, if not soon released, and taking part in
the action now progressing. They could hear the booming cannon miles
away, and in panting mood, and with desperate effort, they float once
more, and steam to the scene of action, two hours late--but "better
late than never." Victory was trembling in the balance between the
contending forces. One ram made direct for the "Harriet Lane," firing
as she went, and struck her obliquely on the hind quarter. The rigging
of the two vessels became tangled together so that they could not
separate. The boarders rushed upon the deck of the "Harriet Lane"
with cutlasses, knives, and navy shooters, and demanded her surrender.
But her commander, Captain Wainwright, refused. And then they fought,
bravely fought, hand to hand, on both sides, until Wainwright fell,
shot through the heart, on his own deck, saying as he expired: "Tell
mother I defended the 'Harriet' as long as I could." Sherman, his first
lieutenant, was mortally wounded. By this time the deck was running
with blood from the dead and dying, and the white flag was run up to
the masthead, and the whole fleet in the bay thereby surrendered.
Meanwhile one of the Confederate gun-boats had sunk, being struck by a
cannon-ball below water mark. One of Magruder's couriers was at this
moment carrying an order to the troops to cease fighting and retreat;
and another courier rushed to headquarters with the news of the
surrender, and the General ordered him placed under arrest for bringing
a false report. But he was soon released, for, sure enough, it was 8
o'clock, the victory was won, and the "New-Year's gift was made."

Touching incidents sometimes occur on such occasions. There was one
deeply so on this occasion. General Sherman, whose history ran back
to the stirring times of the Texas Republic, was in command of the
Confederate ram that fought the "Harriet Lane." Lieutenant Sherman,
just fallen on her deck, was his son. There they had met in deadly
strife, father and son, the latter mortally hurt, and life fast ebbing
away. But they did not recognize each other till the bloody contest
was over, and then, at the moment of recognition, the son exclaims in
feeble tones: "O, is that you, father? and have we been fighting each
other? The day is lost, and I am dying now, father! Can I not have
the holy sacrament to my comfort before I die?" We will not attempt
to describe the agony of that father's heart, as he bent to embrace
his dying boy, and to say, "Yes, my son; O, my darling son!" The
sacrament was given and taken together by living father and dying son,
who in one short hour afterward as each said--"Forgive me, father,"
and "Forgive me, my son"--breathed his life out sweetly, lying on his
father's bosom. The next day a solemn military procession, with soft
and reverent tread, passed to the cemetery, where the father himself
read the sublime service of the Episcopal Church--of which father and
son were both members--over his boy's grave. Solemn salutes were fired
in honor of the noble dead. The victory and the defeat were alike
forgotten, and regretted for the day, under the sublime touch of a
human scene so tender, so grandly holy! We know the father well, a
_good_ man, though a rebel.

The news of the victory passed over the State with an electric thrill,
and gave the people an elevation of spirits, from which they never
fully came down, even at the close of the war. This, with an easy
victory obtained at Sabine Pass, about the same time, by an Irish
company of artillery in fortifications, by which a fleet was repulsed,
and one or two of the largest vessels disabled and captured, gave Texas
somewhat of a feeling of invincibility.




CHAPTER XIII.

NICARAGUA SMITH.


The next day after the retaking of Galveston, another sensation
occurred, but of an entirely different character, showing other phases
of human nature, and developing a different class of feelings. The
circumstances were as follows: That day a fleet of transports hove in
sight outside, just from New Orleans, bringing fifteen thousand troops,
to reinforce the small garrison already there--one or two regiments.
These troops belonged to General Banks' Department, and were sent to
Galveston to commence operations on a larger scale than had ever been
attempted before. It was an earnest purpose and part of a general
plan for the subjugation of the "Lone Star" State. They were to make
Galveston the Gulf base of operations, and penetrate inland to Houston,
and thus up the Texas Central Railroad into the interior of the
country, forming a junction with the expedition coming in from the Red
River way, in accordance with plans traced on military maps. This would
create a diversion, and compel the Texas forces to remain at home, and
not be sent to fight Banks' main expedition. The scheme was doubtless
a good one in its conception, and looked like the scheme of Grant and
Sherman to break that portion of the Confederate backbone, lying west
of the Mississippi. More than this, it was a part of the grand whole
devised by them for crushing every part of the monster east and west of
the Father of Waters.

The fleet knew nothing of the retaking of Galveston the day before. So
they sent in a small craft with a few men, to herald their coming. The
forerunner suspected nothing but what all was right till they reached
the landing, where they were taken in charge by Confederate hands. The
pilot proved to be a man who had volunteered in the Confederate army
at the opening of the war, and was placed on sentinel duty at Bolivar
Point, across the bay from Galveston, and one foggy night he stole a
boat and deserted to the fleet outside, some months before. His name
was Smith, but he bore the significant and historic name by which he
was familiarly known on Galveston Island, of "Nicaragua" Smith. He had
been with Walker in his filibustering expedition against Nicaragua.
He was one of the worst desperadoes ever known in all that country,
though so far he had managed to escape the hands of justice. But now,
at last, he was caught as a deserter, and acting as pilot to the enemy,
conducting him to the place and scenes he was so familiar with. The
United States flag was still flying on the Custom House in plain view
of the fleet. The deception at first was perfect, and the Confederate
authorities hoped to play the game out, and capture the whole fleet, so
they sent out true and trusty men in Federal uniform and equippage, to
invite and conduct them in. But something raised suspicion--the want
of proper salutes and signals, also credentials from the Commodore of
the "Harriet Lane" fleet, now captured. The Commodore was blown up in
an attempt to blow up one of the vessels after the surrender, and which
was contrary to the usages of war.

On being questioned at the flag ship, suspicion was confirmed. The
leader in charge was detained as an exchange host for Nicaragua Smith.
The exchange never came. Smith was court-martialed, found guilty of
inexcusable desertion, and sentenced to be shot to death the next
day. When standing in front of the twelve messengers of death, the
lieutenant having charge of the execution of the death sentence,
advanced to him, and asked if he had any last word or message he
desired to leave. He said "Yes," and gave it, but the character of it
forbids its mention here. He died as he had lived, with unmentionable
wickedness on his lips--a sad spectacle of depravity, unwept and
unregretted by all!

The fleet steamed and sailed away, disappointed and defeated in the
object of their coming. Banks was moving up the Red River Valley, with
heavy land forces, supported by gun-boats, and Steele down through
Arkansas, to a junction with him at Shreveport. But Texas, now relieved
by the change of situation at Galveston, could spare their forces and
send them to the front against Banks and Steele. They met them in
detail, before the junction of the two lines, and both were defeated,
and made disastrous retreats. Everything so far under Magruder seemed
to favor the fortunes of Texas arms, and the prestige thereof by this
time had become immense, particularly at home.




CHAPTER XIV.

THE CAPTURED LETTER.--MRS. E.'s EXILE.


Soon after these several triumphs of Texas arms, a vessel was
shipwrecked on the Gulf, and among the debris that washed upon the
coast, a U. S. mail bag was picked up by the soldiers on duty there and
forwarded to headquarters. It contained a large amount of letter mail,
going North from Texas. The letters were written in part by Texans, who
had fled the country to Mexico on account of proscription for Union
sentiments, and to avoid conscription, with other reasons. And many
were written by those still remaining in the country.

The accident furnished an opportunity for the military authorities to
discover who might be traitors in their midst. The contents of the
letters were carefully examined, and indicated that some of the writers
entertained sentiments more or less treasonable to the Southern cause.
Among the writers of this class was a Mrs. E., living a hundred miles
from the coast, on the Texas Central Railroad. She had emigrated years
before from the central part of the Old Empire State of the North. She
was a lady of a decidedly literary turn of mind, and this fact was
strongly marked in the literary tone of the contraband letter that had,
by unforeseen accident, fallen into military hands. It read, in part,
as quoted below:

"Dear Mother: It is a long time since communication was broken off
between us. It seems an age. I am tired of it, and would that the
unnatural struggle were over. But how and when, God only knows! I am
living under a reign of terror, where dissembling is an art, and must
be practiced, though self-bemeaning to an honest mind. The crushing
incubus is upon us, and must be borne as best it can be. It would be
comparatively easy to float with the current here if one's sympathies
were with it. But dare I say it (?), mine are not. May the gods, in
their own quick time, relieve the terrible suspense, and give victory
to the 'Stars and Stripes.'"

Thus wrote one of the most talented ladies in Texas. She was a lady of
medium hight and size, delicately organized, sensitive temperament,
brunette complexion, and a dark full swimming eye--a gazelle-eyed
Juno. Unlike some literary members of the sex, she was a very queen
of domestic neatness, thrift and joy, as well as a happy companion
of books. More than this, she was by no means a literary or domestic
recluse, but her large heart sent out its tendrils for the dews of
neighborhood life, and gave out the sweet waters of friendship to such
as should themselves be friendly. The beautiful climax of her character
was in giving joy to others. She was most happy when making others
so. Without guile herself, she never looked for it in other people.
Yet this beauty of her character--an ingenuous frankness of heart and
manner--sometimes inspired envy and jealousy in those who were her
personal and social antipodes.

In literary matters, the poets were as familiar to her as household
words. But she paid tribute not to literature alone, but ventured into
the deep waters of such authors as Hugh Miller on Geology, Humboldt's
Cosmos, and was able to digest metaphysics, theology, etc. And if, in
the midst of it all, household cares included, exhausted in mental and
physical strength, a little negro boy should come and say, "Please
ma'm, here is some cloth, and mother is sick, and wants you to cut me
a coat; she says you are so good you will do it," she will take the
cloth, and cut and baste by the hour, and then send the little black
home so glad.

In prose she writes heavy or light, and her muse sparkles with
beautiful poetry. She is now, and has been since the war, a
correspondent of first-class periodicals, weekly and monthly, at home
and abroad, and is a leading poetess of the "Lone Star State."

One morning the door-bell rang at her house. Mrs. E. answered the
summons in person, and on opening the door there stood a tall, handsome
gentleman, in military costume. Each said "good-morning," and bowed the
stranger's bow.

"Is Mrs. E. at home?" he inquired.

"She is," replied that lady.

"Have I the pleasure of addressing that lady now?" said the officer.

"I am Mrs. E. Will you come in, Sir?" said she, in a dignified tone.

"I thank you, Madam, I will, if you please," and stepping in, he was
seated on the sofa.

"Let me take your cap, Sir," said the lady, reaching out her hand to
relieve him of that gold-braided and spangled ornament.

"No, I thank you, Madam, I am in a hurry, and am under orders in
calling on you this morning so unceremoniously, without previous
announcement by card or courier," said the military gent, with the
feeling that he was in the presence of superior intelligence and worth.
At this moment he felt that it would be a gracious relief if he could
be spared the chagrin of serving a military summons upon the fair lady,
for whom he confessed himself inspired with unusual respect, though
never having met her before. He treated her, in words and manner, with
genuine politeness, and no gentleman could have done otherwise.

"May I inquire, Sir, speaking of being under orders, what your orders
are?" said Mrs. E., with evident surprise at the officer's hint.

This interrogatory of the lady had the effect of producing a grip of
Mars at his throat, while Cupid's arrow struck his heart, and the
lady, all unconscious of his struggle between the two deities, waited
his reply. At last regaining his speech, and having studied well the
language in which he would make his errand known, with the least
possible shock to Mrs. E.'s sensibilities, he proceeded to say:

"My dear lady, it becomes my very unpleasant duty, under imperative
orders, to request you to accompany me to headquarters, at Houston,
where General M., the Commander of the Department of Texas, will make
known to you the reasons of this summons."

"A request for me to appear at military headquarters, before the
Department General--for _me_, a lady! and may I know what for? Strange
Order from the General to a lady! What can it mean, and will you, if
at liberty, explain how, and why it is, that a humble lady like myself
has so suddenly reached such a degree of importance with the military
headship of the land?"

"As I said before, he will disclose to you the reasons for this
summons, Madame," said the officer. "It is a very unpleasant matter
to me, and the more so, as I perceive you are a lady of unusual
refinement, appearance and manners."

"I suppose, then, the summons is imperative and I must go?" said the
lady again.

"Madam, I do not clothe my orders in such abrupt language, but feel
bound to treat you in every respect as a gentleman should a lady, or,"
hesitatingly, "as if I were an old and accepted friend, paying court to
your ladyship," said the man under authority, not from the war deity
alone, for the last words were on the indictment of the little-winged
god.

A lovely carnation blush overspread the brunette cheeks of Mrs. E.,
and reflected back the sentiment, in wordless pleasure. Just then the
gallant gentleman relieved her momentary embarrassment, by pleasantly
inquiring: "How soon, Mrs. E., may I expect the pleasure of your
company by railroad to Houston. The next train will be here in two
hours. Can you be ready in that time?"

She assured him that she could. "You will then excuse me, Madam, from
taxing your time further, and I will return to the depot, and there
wait your coming at the hour." So saying, the officer retired. On
reaching the depot, he saw the two soldiers he had brought with him,
armed with bayonets, and supplied with handcuffs, in anticipation of
arresting some female outlaw, but now would part with the world, if his
to give, sooner than Mrs. E. should know of his bayonet companions,
and the other preparations for depriving her of physical freedom. He
ordered the soldiers to keep out of sight at the depot, and give him
no word or look of recognition on the train in the lady's presence. At
first they did not exactly understand the secret of such instructions,
but asked no explanations, though they wanted to ask, and the officer
did not condescend to enlighten them, so they were left to their wits
to divine the mystery.

But, meanwhile, what had been going on at the house of Mrs. E.? During
the interview between her and the officer no member of the household
had intruded into the room where they were, but as he retired she
lost no time in acquainting the family circle with what had happened.
That is, she told them that she had to report herself at military
headquarters; and described the good-looking and polite gentleman who
had served the summons, but said never a word of the little brush of
romance from Cupid's wings.

"But what does it mean?" said one and another, and still another.

"I don't know," said she, "but I am going to see. The officer is a true
gentleman, I am satisfied, and no harm will befall me in his hands.
Besides, he will not only give me a safe conduct, but will regard the
feelings of a lady, and make it _sub rosa_. And now let me say, dear
ones, that whatever developments may occur, you shall be duly informed,
and I don't feel that we need fear serious harm."

Then she retired to make her toilet, and a few minutes before train
time she was on the platform in a modest but bewitching attire. The
officer gave one glance, that was all--a stranger would have given two
or three--and, turning away, felt a soft sensation in his left side.
He tried to appear like a stranger, with no interest in the lady,
who now stood looking up the road for the train. She had divined and
appreciated the public reserve of her military escort displayed at that
delicate moment.

Soon the whistle blew, and the train was in sight. Just then the
officer passed her and said, "Select a seat in the rear car, and I will
come to you." The train moved up, bringing that car at her side. She
entered by the front platform, he by the rear. They met at the center,
and found one seat fully vacant only. He motioned her in, and she did
not object to the stranger's occupying the seat with her. Train is off,
and the noise of rumbling wheels soon drowns conversation to all but
the mutual talkers themselves. What, with the hope that nothing serious
is to befall her at headquarters--as her conscience tells of no crime
against military or civil order--and the new found pleasure of company
so congenial, she almost forgets the relation of officer and prisoner.
The trip of fifty miles seems less than an hour, as the train enters
the city of destination.

The officer and his fair prisoner are seated in an omnibus, and driven
to--not headquarters, nor the common jail, nor guard-house, but to the
---- House, the best in the city, and there Mrs. E. is imprisoned in a
nicely furnished room for the night. The officer retires after ordering
all her wants supplied, even to a special waiting-maid, saying as he
goes: "Mrs. E., I will call in the morning with further orders. I hope
you will rest well, and not have unpleasant dreams."

That night no bayonet paced the hall by her room to prevent the
prisoner's escape. No, her _honor_, better felt than told, stood
sentinel at her door! The next morning a gentle rap announced the
officer's presence, and on opening the door he gave her a pleasant
smile, with a cordial "good-morning." She looked a little pale, as if
she might not have rested well the entire night, which induced him
to ask: "Are you quite well this morning, Mrs. E.? You are looking a
little pale." On assuring him that she was, he notified her that he was
now ready, if she were agreed, to escort her to the presence of his
dignity, General M., at his private quarters.

"Certainly, Sir, I am ready and anxious, as well as curious, to know
the meaning of this strange proceeding. Is it far, Sir?"

"No, it is not very far, Madam, but no matter about the distance, as
there is a carriage at the door waiting to convey us thither."

"O, there is; but this treatment seems too kind and generous toward
your prisoner. I could have walked as well, Sir," said Mrs. E., while
a tear came into her eye, which, turning her head aside, she tried to
hide from his view, but which he saw, and treasured in the heart of his
recollection.

Taking his arm they descended the stairway, and proceeding through the
hall to the front door they entered a close carriage, and were driven
away without meeting the stare of listless spectators. On reaching the
General's quarters she was ushered into his presence with military
salutations from the subordinate to his superior officer. "I have the
honor, General, of returning the process served, and the prisoner, Mrs.
E., is before you, whom I now introduce to you," said the sub-officer.
She bowed genteelly to the General, which brought the military bluff
to his feet, and to make his politest reply, which would be awkward
in most gentlemen. He asked her to be seated, ordering a chair. Then
reseating himself in his big swivel chair, and facing the lady, he
proceeded to say:

"Mrs. E., I suppose you would first like to be informed as to the
reasons for this summary proceeding against you; and though, as
Department Commander, I am not required by military law or usage to
allege the cause of action, yet, in this case, and because I am dealing
with a lady, who though a stranger to me, I perceive to be intelligent
and genteel, I will assign to you the reason for this peremptory
summons. A letter, purporting on its face, to have been written by
yourself, or some one bearing your name, by the accidents of war and
providential direction, has fallen into my hands, and a portion of its
contents proves to be treasonable to the Confederacy." Here handing her
the letter, he inquired:

"Mrs. E., do you recognize the letter as yours?"

"I do," was the brief response.

"And those are your sentiments, as therein expressed, toward our cause,
Madam?" again said the General.

"The letter reads so, General, and it would be cowardly in me to deny,
now under fear, what I then said without fear. I was frank then, and
will not be less so now. Those were, and are, my sentiments; though
little did I think, or intend harm, by the letter, to the Confederacy
when writing it, and in forwarding it to friends in the North; as it
was strictly a private letter to private friends, disconnected with any
motive to inflict injury upon the country. Nor can I see or feel that
the offense is a penal one in any sense, so long as I am found guilty
of neither constructive nor actual treason, by aiding or abetting the
enemy, furnishing him material aid or contraband information, nor of
the possession of treasonable motives, expressed or implied, waiting
the opportune moment to display themselves, or something more than
mere feelings or convictions, which are certainly involuntary things,
and hence without responsibility. Feelings and convictions, permit me
to suggest, General, are like birds flying over one's head, for which
one is not responsible. One is only responsible for willful action, in
obedience to these feelings and convictions. I will not urge, General,
the further consideration, that your prisoner is a woman, without
pretension, whose sphere of action is confined exclusively to the
domestic circle, including some little experience in literary matters.
But of all this you must and will be the judge, of course, and I must
submit to your judgment and consequent orders in the premises, but I
would respectfully beg to be spared from sustaining damages, either
corporal or incorporal, on the plain principle of justice, that where
one has neither done nor intended damage to others, he should not be
damaged himself."

The General replied, though not without some misgiving: "My dear Madam,
you defend yourself capitally well, and I perceive you are not only an
intelligent lady, and hence, on this score, we fear you in our cause
all the more, if disposed on seeming occasion, to do damage, which is
liable to come at any time by the accidents of war, but I feel bound
to say that I believe that you are a well-meaning lady, though not
patriotic toward the country of your adoption. But, Madam, occupying
the responsible position I do, I am bound to discard personal feeling,
and take notice of facts, both actual and possible, and not be a
respecter of persons, but have my country's weal and prosperity before
me, and remove with scrupulous care all obstacles thereto, even the
least.

"As you say your case is not criminal in any important sense, but
imprudent, inexpedient, unfortunate, the least I can do is to remove
you beyond our lines till after the war. And as most convenient to us,
and probably preferable to you, I will order you, by military escort,
to Matamoras, in Mexico, across the Rio Grande. And I detail Lieutenant
H. here, the officer who placed you under arrest, and brought you to
these headquarters, to command the escort, and see the order of exile
carried out. You can now return home on your parole of honor, and there
await further orders."

To a lady of her style and sensibilities such a proceeding would be
shocking, but Mrs. E. bore up under it well. She retired from the
General's presence, with the pointed remark, addressed to him: "Well,
General, if I understand the situation then, you exile me, not so much
for what I _have_ done, as for what I _might_ do?"

"Your case is disposed of, Madam. I have nothing further to say; and
you are too much of a lady to bandy words with," replied the General.

She was driven to the cars as she had come, in company with Lieutenant
H., who saw her safe on board, and as the train moved off, he pressed
her hand, and said warmly, "Good-by. God bless you; be of good cheer;
in a few days, two or three, you will see me again, and--" he left the
sentence unfinished, as the train was getting fast, and leaped from the
platform.

At the hour of 12 M. she was at home again. "In a few days, two or
three," she said to the family, "I am off for the sunset side of the
Rio Grande to Matamoras. This is the order of the General, and to
remain there, or outside the lines, till the 'cruel war is over.'

"And now, Lew, I want you and your sister Emma to accompany me with
the ambulance and the nice white carriage mules, and be my companions
in exile. Do, my dears, and don't say no, for how can I go alone, and
leave my adopted darling brother and sister. We can do something for a
livelihood if the purse gets low, and we'll fill it as we go."

"But, dear Mrs. E., you have not told us yet why you are ordered into
exile. Have you been committing some enormous crime that deserves the
punishment of expatriation? Tell us, for it may be that we may meet the
fate of poor 'Dog Tray,' being found in bad company, which might not be
quite so pleasant after all."

Thus responded, archly, Lewis and Emma.

"Sure enough. Pardon me, dears, my mind had become so absorbed with
results that I had become oblivious of the cause. Ah! why so, not
demented am I! and yet with all my effort at self-control, there is,
I feel, a terrible strain on my nerves. But the cause, what do you
suppose it is? I will tell you. Do you remember that letter I wrote to
my dear old mother two months ago, dying, no doubt, with the heartache
for her child in this far-off country, and in these troublous times?
You do. Well, by a strange ordering of the fates that letter fell into
the hands of the military. I see you wonder how. It was on this wise:
The vessel carrying the mail was shipwrecked on the Gulf, and among
the things carried ashore by the tidewaters, near Sabine Pass, was the
mail-bag containing the fatal letter, and was picked up by the soldiers
on duty there, and forwarded to headquarters. And now that is how the
situation is, and the procuring cause of my being in military limbo."

"And is that all--is that the head and front of your offending?"
exclaimed the brother and sister, and then added, "If that be all, we
are not only ready to go with you into exile, but if need be to the
ends of the earth. Yes, we'll go, dear Mrs. E.; we'll go, and glad of
an opportunity for voluntary exile from a country so mean, and with one
so dear."

"Hush, my dears; give utterance only to such feelings when we are safe
beyond the lines. Now we understand each other, let us to the work of
preparation for the journey of four hundred miles. Lew will look after
the mules and ambulance. The ambulance will need two good seats, and
room inside, and a rack behind for provisions and trunks. And you and
I, Emma, will see the trunks well filled with clothing for all around,
and other things that may come in play. You know we shall be obliged to
camp out the whole way through, as there are no places of entertainment
in that wild country. The wolves will nightly give us howling serenades
around our camp-fires. But the escort will afford us ample protection
against four-legged wolves, and wolves bipedal."

The next two days were busy ones of preparation, interspersed with
brief respites, occasions for interesting chats and consultations on
the novel trip before them, in which the ever-recurring how, when,
where, and wherefore, were thoroughly canvassed and disposed of each
time as well as mortals with only mortal ken could dispose of such
things yet in the untried future. At last, when the clock said ten,
the second night, the trunk lids were pressed down to their places,
locked and strapped, and Mrs. E. wearied, and half-falling into a big
arm-chair, exclaimed, "There, Lieutenant H., you may come as quick as
you please, we are ready."

Just then the door-bell rang. "Why, who's that," said Mrs. E., in a
half-startled, but suppressed tone; but a little bird told her it was
the Lieutenant. Miss Emma approached and opened the door, and sure
enough it was he.

"Is Mrs. E. in?" inquired he.

"She is," replied Emma; "please step in, Sir."

"Good evening, Mrs. E.," was his salutation to that lady. She replied,
and rising and meeting him they shook hands warmly.

He remarked, apologetically, "It is a late hour to call, but I know you
will excuse me, Madam. I am stopping at the hotel in town, and just
came to know if you were ready to begin the pleasant journey in the
morning," at the same time glancing at Lew and Emma, to see if they
appeared to comprehend the situation.

"We are ready, I thank you, Lieutenant, and only wait 'further orders,'
having just this moment, before you came, strapped our trunks."

The Lieutenant looked surprised at the plural, "_we_ are ready," and
gave another glance at the brother and sister, and then at the two big
trunks, and had parted his lips to speak, when Mrs. E. interrupted
him with, "Yes, we are ready--these, my darling friends, my children
almost, are going with me to be my companions in exile; and we are
going in our own conveyance, and have just one vacant seat for you,
Lieutenant, and we all cordially invite you to occupy it, and travel
with us. And whatever military cavalcade is to accompany us, let them
travel by themselves and be our John Baptist. What say you, Sir, to
this?"

"Well now, really, Mrs. E., this is quite unexpected, and as I can have
no objection, certainly, to the surprise plan, for which you alone
are responsible, I can not refuse your kind invitation to make one of
the number of so pleasant a traveling quartette. So being ready, I
respectfully suggest the hour of eight in the morning as the time for
starting. My requisition on the Commander of the post here, for six men
and two four-mule teams and ambulances with drivers, has been filled,
but it can remain so, and I will order them out an hour ahead of us,
and we four will leave together, in a quiet way, not exciting public
curiosity. And now, good-night all, I will be here at eight, sharp."

"What do you think of him, Miss Emma, and how will we be likely to fare
in his charge?" said Mrs. E. after he had gone.

"What do I think of him? you ask. To speak, frankly, I think he is a
nice gentleman, and will _do_ to travel with, either with or without a
military escort. I feel assured in his presence."

"It is indeed a painful thought to be driven, forced from one's
home and country, even as a penalty for real crime, but when for an
accident, a misfortune, which points to no criminal intent, it is a
_grief_, unassuaged by aught save a conscious innocence. Though in my
case, so far, a halo of real romance seems to gather around to shed its
sweet sadness o'er my heart, to lighten the burden that presses it.
Indeed it feels like the tender hand of the All-wise Father, caressing
my troubled spirit into quiet and confident repose. Indeed, I almost
feel thankful for the rod; and to bless the hand that holds and applies
it. In a word, to speak directly, the trip we are about to make seems
in its circumstances more like a pleasure trip than going into exile.
But let us to repose; it is eleven o'clock, and we must rise early."

They retired, and the travelers of to-morrow are soon lost in sweet
slumbers, which are made a little sweeter by pleasant dreams, in which
the name of "Lieutenant H." escapes the lips of both the fair sleepers
in low murmuring tones. Each hears the gentle murmur from the other,
but is unknowing of her own; and each buries the secret in her heart,
resolved that what has passed the portals of the ear shall not command
the tongue for revelation on the house-top, nor to private ears, not
even their own, unless, perchance, the mischievous little deity that
presides over the heart destinies of most people, shall, for the sake
of diversion, so far awaken curiosity as to force out the secret.

The morning light breaks in the east, and throws increasing strength
upon the darkness of slumbering night. Awake, yes, wide awake. They
arise, and perform in thoughtful silence, and with unusual care, their
morning toilet. The morning repast is hurried through. The ambulance
is at the door, and Lew, at seven o'clock, is loading and strapping on
the trunks, with other necessary traveling equippage. The morning is
beautiful, and the glorious sun has nearly reached the score of eight
in the heavens, when Lieutenant H. suddenly appears, with smiling
politeness, as bright as the sunny morning, and exclaims, "All ready, I
see, and so am I; shall we be off?"

The family adieus are said. Lewis is on the front seat, with lines in
hand. The Lieutenant hands the ladies in, Emma beside her brother. Just
then Mrs. E. remarks, "I suppose, Lieutenant, you will occupy the seat
beside your prisoner, to prevent her escape into the deep, tangled wild
wood, when passing through the dark 'bottoms' of the Brazos? We shall
soon be there."

"Thank you, Madam, that would seem entirely proper, and perhaps
necessary; at least the situation is not repulsive." So saying, he
became seated with a satisfied air, and Emma gave a stolen glance
back over her shoulder at the double situation, first of officer and
prisoner, and then of friends. She denied to herself thinking she would
be willing to exchange seats with Mrs. E., as she caught sight of the
Lieutenant's handsome face smiling under the starlight of his brilliant
eyes. She felt a little uneasiness on her own seat, and imagined it
was not as easy as the back seat would be; still she comforted herself
into a tolerable degree of contentment, though it was far from being
a continual feast. She thought, and admitted to herself, that the
arrangement of seats was entirely natural, and to introduce any change
would be rude. So she would endure what had no cure, and bide her time.
These reflections came and went in her mind, but if some invisible hand
had written them down over her signature, she would have denied the
authorship of them.

An hour or more had passed, and Lew had been giving strict attention to
his handsome _mulos_, and on the level road had allowed them willing
speed, and now they descend quite a hill, and enter the four-mile
'bottoms' of the Brazos. The way was a narrow forest arcade. The giants
locked arms one and two hundred feet above their heads, festooned with
vines, mingled with the deep hanging moss, which fringed the trees here
and there, and everywhere vailing from view the face of the sky, and
holding back the sun's rays, which penetrate not that dark passage,
for full eight months of the year. Strange sounds here fall upon the
ear, reminding one that half the zoological collections of Noah's ark
could be found here, both of bird and beast. A half shuddering fear
came over the ladies in that partial night, and each one leans a little
nearer her companion. They have penetrated the dark way half a mile or
more, when suddenly the mules stop, affrighted, and begin to back. Emma
screams, and half swoons on her brother's arm. "What's the matter?"
exclaim the others. Lew is some excited, but keeps cool from necessity.
It was indeed a startling sight. An immense panther had just leaped
across the archway, from tree to tree, forty to fifty feet above,
and a few rods ahead, as though preparing for a leap upon the unwary
travelers. At the moment of alarm, the Lieutenant had clutched his
trusty rifle by his side, and the next instant all four saw the cause
of alarm. The brave officer was instantly on the ground, with rifle in
hand, and already drawing a bead on the gentleman in the trees. "Take
care of the team and ladies, Lew, and I will soon make him sick," said
he, but the animal was leaping from tree to tree, making off into the
deeper forest, and was out of sight at two or three bounds, screaming
as he went. But the Lieutenant gave him a parting salute, on a shadowy
glimpse of him, at the sixth bound. The animal gave an unearthly
scream, that sent a million echo thrills through the dark woods, and
then a heavy ground fall. "I've brought him," exclaimed the officer.
Reloading his gun, though he had one load yet in the other barrel, he
ventured carefully into the thicket against the earnest remonstrance of
the ladies, and found the game in the last muscular struggles of death,
as he expected, having luckily struck him in the heart. Drawing his
tape on him, he measured nine feet from tip to tip. Leaving his dead
carcass to be food for buzzards, and returning to the ambulance, they
moved on again through the dark tunnel, while the Lieutenant held his
finger on the trigger, keeping an eye out for further intruders.

They had driven a mile farther, when the mules again pricked up their
long ears, and this time a small pack of wolves crossed the road twenty
rods in front, in a hurry, as if pursued or pursuing. They stopped not,
nor so much as looked at the travelers, and were lost to view in an
instant or so.

The Lieutenant here mischievously inquired, "Mrs. E., is it here you
would like to escape from me 'into the deep tangled wildwood?'" That
lady only answered with a shudder. Misfortunes, _on dit_, never come
single; so with frights. They had now reached the muddy malarious
Brazos, and ferried across by virtue of a military pass, and had gone a
full mile beyond. The pressure of fear had begun to yield as they saw
open daylight through the tunnel, a quarter mile in the distance, but
now again the _mulos_ suddenly halt in a fright, and this time with
snorting fear, snuffing danger near!

"Look there ahead in the track! See that awful snake coiled there!"
exclaimed Emma. Again the Lieutenant was on the ground, gun in
hand; and again the fair ones object. But he was not deterred from
the purpose of bruising the serpent's head. Providing himself with
a dead limb that had fallen from the trees above, he went bravely
to the attack; first firing a bullet at his snakeship's head as it
stood raised in arched defiance over the complex coils, ready for the
springing bite of death! The bullet carried away the crest of the head,
which threw the reptile into fearful contortions, and then, with
terrific blows from the limb of the tree, he soon brought it to a quiet
quivering rattle! It was a fearfully large spotted wood rattlesnake,
and by the tape measured eight feet three inches in length, and had
seventeen rattles. Relieving the highway of its presence, and casting
it into the brush by the wayside, they passed on, querrying, "What next
in the line of sensation?" and thinking, that for the first half day,
and the first ten miles, the events of the morning would suffice all
fancy for that class of romance.

Again the cruel Lieutenant asks something about escaping "into the deep
tangled wildwood." But Mrs. E. extorts a promise from him of silence on
that subject in the future; at least till they get out of the woods.

No more disturbing events occurred that day, but the feast of heart
and soul was rich and racy. They were out of the fearful "bottoms"
and rising to the clear and balmy atmosphere of the beautiful upland
prairies. How different from the humid, pestiferous breath of the low,
dark regions of an hour ago! They breathed free again. It was high
noon, and they saw, two or three miles ahead, a beautiful grove, where
they agreed to go into midday camp. On nearing it at one o'clock, their
advance guard of two ambulances and the "six in gray," were coming
out. The hailing sign to halt was given by the Lieutenant, and driving
up, a few words were exchanged, and orders given about the route and
where to camp that night, and then the advance drove on, leaving the
officer and his company in the leafy grove by the cooling spring,
enjoying their noon refreshments. No fire was struck, no coffee made,
but a basket of native claret was opened, a bottle broke, and the
nectar of the gods was sipped from silver goblets by the joyous four.

Two hours had flown by in happy mood, in which the stomach proved
the principal organ of friendship. The hungry epicures in the woods
felt the divine flow more free and warm in obeying this ordinance of
the gods. Their willing hearts would have staid in such a frame, and
whiled away the sunny hours in that grove of bliss, but the voice of
duty called from refreshment to the labor of the way. The _mulos_ were
satisfied, hitched up, and on the move to the west, accomplishing
twenty miles more by nightfall, where they find the advance again, in
beautiful camps, with two bright camp-fires a few rods apart--one for
themselves and one for the exile with her attendants. The provisions
are brought out for supper, and on this occasion Lieutenant H. proves
himself an adept at coffee making.

The ladies offer to take charge of the cooking department, but he
objects, claiming that he can make the best coffee. "Ladies, 'let him
that would be great among you, be your servant.' I am the character
referred to in the quotation, and I insist that you shall not be my
competitors for distinction in the coffee-making line."

When the evening repast was over, the Lieutenant takes the ladies,
one on each arm, and kindly gives them a bit of walking exercise by
moonlight, through the grove, thus relieving the tedium of riding
all day. The balm, stilly breezes creep through the open spaces with
voluptuous effect, inspiring the arm-in-arm trio with soft sentiment,
and their happier thoughts are mostly on themselves. "Stop," says Emma.
"What dreadful noise is that?" as the distant screeching howl of the
Coyotas fell on the ear. "It is the Coyotas," replied Lieutenant H.

"Let us return to camp at once," said both the ladies, and back they
went quicker than they came.

It is ten o'clock at night, the guards are on duty, and all retire,
the ladies behind the ambulance curtains, and the officer and Lew on
a blanket before the camp-fire. The wolves come in and howl an hour
or two within a few rods of the fires, in search of camp offals. The
eyelids of the fair ones refuse sleep. At last a charge is made on the
lank, hungry creatures, and a volley fired into their ranks by the
guards, and they are routed and return not for the night, and then
_Somnus_ commands all in quiet rest for the next six hours. At seven
in the morning breakfast is over, and the advance leads out again,
followed an hour later by the traveling _partie carree_.

The next six days of travel furnish no great variety of scenery or
excitement, except in the social department, which seemed never
to cloy. Otherwise, the trip, for the most part, was but a daily
experience of repeated routine. All eyes and ears became familiar with
sights and sounds by night and by day. Immense droves of cattle and
horses were seen grazing right and left over the wide-spread prairies,
and occasionally lank hunger was seen sitting at the mouth of his
hole, in some sand bank or mound, or at the roots of some lone veteran
tree, looking wistfully at the travelers, seeming to say to them, "How
I would like to feast on your starved carcasses!" A bullet from the
Lieutenant's rifle keeled one back into his hole, and scared another,
tearing a rabbit for his breakfast so bad that he made lightning speed
northward, and never slacked for the mile he was in sight, and at the
brow of the hill, where his _narrative_ became invisible, its last
motion seemed to speak back and say, "I never heard a rifle before."
And probably it was the fact--and on he went, as if resolved on never
stopping till he got to the north pole, for fear he might hear another.

On the seventh day the weary travelers stood on the banks of the far
famed "Rio Grande," at Brownsville, opposite the city of Matamoras,
in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. The Lieutenant here ordered the
advance into camp to wait his return. And then he crossed the "Rio"
with the exiles, and remained with them till they were located in a
pleasant suite of three rooms fronting on the "Grand Plaza," near
the magnificent Cathedral. He made the excuse to himself that it was
necessary for him to act as special protector to the ladies, till they
were sufficiently familiarized with the ways of that strange people,
to be able to make their own way, till he could see them again, and
perhaps in nearer and dearer relations.

Lieutenant H. had now had ample time to analyze and determine the
character of his feelings, which he more than once had displayed
in manner toward Mrs. E., but had not spoken with his lips. In
his self-examination he found his heart vibrating between two
attractions--Mrs. E. and Emma. The question of preference, as tried
by a purely chronological standard, stood against Mrs. E. She was
considerably his senior in years, that was plain, but how much, and how
many years, he could only guess. He could not tell if she were older
or younger than she appeared, but probably older; that is, she was
young appearing for one of her years; or, _vice versa_, she was old
appearing for one of her years; that is, younger than she appeared;
or, making a third alternative, she was just the age she appeared to
be. "But how old would that be?" he asked himself. And here again he
was puzzled. Sometimes, during their travels, he thought she looked
younger, and then again older, than when he first saw her, and served
the summons. At one time he thought he saw the signs of wrinkling age,
and then again he didn't see them. "But," he said again, "one thing
is certain, the general proposition is true, that she is either older
or younger than she looks, or just as old as she looks. So far I am
safe; and furthermore, it is safe to affirm that, judging from _mere_
appearances, she is about forty years old. She may be older, or she
may be younger. Yes, she may be, but I think I am not far out of the
way. She certainly is, without any possible mistake, somewhere between
thirty-eight and fifty. If I were sure she were only forty, I could
stand that. Let me see: I am thirty-five. Suppose she were but forty;
how would that do? A wife five years older than her husband! It would
sound better the other way. I don't like it very well, but, with love,
I think I could endure the disparity. Endure (?), is that the word for
a man seeking a companion?

"There is Miss Emma; how old is she? From twenty to twenty-five. That
certainly sounds better. But do I love her well enough to make a wife
of her? Well, I think I could, or do(?), if Mrs. E. was out of the
question; I feel her drawing me the hardest, and the orthodox people
say there can be but one true love, and I suppose it must be so, either
because they say so, or because it is true in fact, in nature, that
is, one's experience will accord with the sentiment. But is it true
in my experience? I am afraid not; therefore I am a miserable sinner.
It is true, I am more or less involved in feelings toward Miss Emma,
warmer than common friendship between a single lady and gentleman, and
it is _more_ than less. Now what is a man to do with an experience so
in violation of the orthodox teaching and steady habits of the olden
times of our ancestors?

"But hold; here I am talking quite foolishly, for how do I know that
either of those ladies would accept? I have not proposed, and they
certainly won't. What shall I do? I can not propose to both, for I am
not a Mormon, and don't want to be. Still I like them both, that's
true, but the laws of the land are against bigamy. I wonder if nature
is? Certainly human selfishness is not. But hold again, there is no
end to love's mystery. The only way is to be brave. 'A faint heart
never won a fair lady.' The more I think, the more am I confused, in a
quandary. O thou winged god, tell me what to do! I am resolved what to
do. I will first ask one and then the other. But which one first? And
will this be honorable to the last? Stop, ye gods! confusion confused!
What am I about? Crazy! ho, for the insane asylum! But I must find
relief. I am desperate!"

Evening shades appear, and Lieutenant H. is seated alone with Mrs.
E., and after a few palpitations choked down, his sitting posture and
position of hands made satisfactory, and his words well studied, his
lips part to speak the word of destiny, when Mrs. E. suddenly breaks
the awful silence with the domestic utterance, "How I would like to
see my little daughter Kate and my husband to-night."

Horrors seize upon him. He makes no reply. "What is the matter,
Lieutenant, you look so pale?" inquired Mrs. E. He grows paler, and
she goes for the camphor, and hurrying back places the bottle to his
olfactories, repeating, "What _is_ the matter, Lieutenant?" Recovering
a little, he stammers out, "Nothing, Mrs. E.; nothing, only I felt a
little faint, as I do sometimes. Let me pass out into the open air,
and I shall soon be myself again." When he stood outside in the free
air, and looked up into the heavens, made beautiful by moonlight--the
unrivaled silvery moonlight of Mexico--he thanked his stars, most of
all, for putting it into the heart of Mrs. E. to speak at the instant
she did, and save him from unutterable chagrin! In a few minutes he
returned to the room where he had left the lady, and was once more
seated in her matronly presence. She was changed, and looked older
now, and more unapproachable in his eyes. Surprised at his quick
convalesence, he was now prepared to enter upon conversation with Mrs.
E. concerning Miss Emma. He felt settled now that his angel was calling
his heart toward her. So after a few easy interrogatories, addressed
to Mrs. E., he was satisfied that she was neither married nor engaged.

Miss Emma had been out walking with her brother Lew, and had just
returned and entered the room. For a few moments all took part in a
running conversation, but being about time to retire, Mrs. E. and Lew
withdrew from the room, thereby breaking up the congregation, and
leaving the Lieutenant and Miss Emma, each to enjoy company. "Two are
company, and three are a congregation," says Emerson.

We will say in brief, he proposed and she accepted, but on condition
that she might remain with Mrs. E. during the exile.

"Certainly, Miss Emma, you shall remain. I would not have you leave
her, and am glad to see this evidence of your friendship and faithful
devotion. And now, Miss Emma, as I have never been an advocate of
long courtships, but deprecate them after the parties engaged are
sufficiently acquainted, I would respectfully suggest, that without
ceremonious preparation or invitations, which we could not have here,
among strangers, and in a strange land--and without waiting till we can
have them--we have the nuptials solemnized to-morrow evening, in this
room, at eight o'clock, in the presence of Mrs. E. and your brother. I
will remain with you a few days, and then return with my squad, and
report to headquarters, and by some honorable means get back to you
here at an early day."

At this interesting stage of proceedings, the retired portion of the
congregation was called from their slumbers to hear and sanction the
matrimonial terms, which, being duly done, the ladies disappeared
for the night, and Lieutenant H. went to repose with Lew, who in
twenty-four hours more would be his new brother.

They were married, and in ten days duty called the bridegroom to
interior Texas, where he was held four months before he could come back
to his bride. Three months more, and the war had closed with victory
for the "Stars and Stripes." Mrs. E. and her friends were relieved from
exile, and all returned home to the blessings of peace and joys of
domestic life. Lieutenant H. had proved a heaven-sent blessing to them
all.




CHAPTER XV.

LAWLESSNESS AND CRIME.


In the summer of 1863, we were coming up the Texas Central Railroad,
from Houston to Hempstead, a distance of fifty miles. On reaching the
latter place we had stepped from the cars to the depot platform, and in
a minute heard a pistol-shot on the opposite side of the train. Thought
nothing strange of it till in a moment more some one remarked: "A man
is shot." And even then thought nothing unusual of it. The feeling of
terror was only a uniform matter of course. But stepping across the
way we observed a crowd gathering at an unoccupied store building,
went in and there saw a man on the counter, stretched at full length
on his back, struggling in his blood, and breathing heavily, with a
bullet-hole through his head and brains protruding. Near by him stood
his murderer, Dr. O----r, with _nonchalance_ and a smile of fiendish
satisfaction.

The dying man had been overseer on his murderer's plantation. A
difference had arisen between Mrs. O----r and the overseer about the
management of the plantation. And the lady, true to Southern instinct,
could not brook opposition from an overseer, so she writes herself
"insulted" to the doctor in the army, and home he comes in a rage by
the train we were on, and spying the unsuspecting offender through the
car-window, leaps out and shoots him down at sight and without warning.
No one looked strange or excited, or said a word. We walked back to
the train in disgust, feeling it may be our turn next. Went home to
B----m, twenty-five miles, and the next morning a friend of ours--a
druggist, Dr. F----g, from Paducah, Kentucky, at the opening of the
war--was assassinated in the public streets. The writer officiated at
his funeral from his widowed mother's house, who was thus robbed of
her only son and support in old age. The sheriff of Washington County
witnessed the transaction, and had foreknowledge of it, but did nothing
officially to prevent or punish the crime. The name of the assassin was
B----t, who, the writer learns, has since come to a similar end himself
in the State of Mississippi, thus illustrating the innate reflex, as it
were, of the law of retributive justice that sleeps not nor slumbers
till it has blood for blood, life for life! The murdered man's mother
and only sister are since deceased, hurried out of the world by the
great sorrow of his untimely and tragic end!

One night after the family had retired several pistol-shots were fired
back of our house, attended with boisterous talking. Dressing, we went
to the back window, and there saw a man in the moonlight falling to
the ground. Just then a voice at the front of the house called: "Mr.
N., Mr. N., come down here, I want to see you quick!" Descending the
outside stairway leading from the upper to the lower gallery, we met
our friend Captain C., who instantly exclaimed: "Mr. N., I have shot my
best friend all to pieces. Please go and look after him. I must leave.
You will find me at Dr. B.'s or about there." We went to the dying man,
and found several collected around him. He had two shots through the
knee and thigh, the latter cutting the big artery, and he bled to death
in a few minutes.

It was Mr. Smythe, whom we had met not three hours before in the
evening, and who then took occasion to protest his innocence from
having taken part, as we had been informed, in a little persecution
against the writer about the purchase of a lot of cotton. We noticed
he seemed somewhat excited, judging from his tone of voice in the
dark, and he on horseback in the street. While conversing he remarked
in a low defiant tone: "You know, Mr. N., that I am not afraid of
_any_ man!" Just then we heard the click of a pistol in his hands, and
instantly felt ourself in danger, and saying to him "it is all right,"
suddenly retreated to the house and did not go out again till called
out to look after his corpse.

It seems after we left him he fell in company with a drunken desperado,
and about eleven o'clock the latter came to the gate of our backyard,
on Smythe's horse, and called by name for one of the colored servants
to come out to him, and getting no response tore pickets from the fence
and hurled them against the door of the negro quarters. Soon Smythe
appeared and an altercation took place between them about the horse.
Our friend, Captain C., was passing to his home, and out of kindness
to the family sought to quell the disturbance. As he reached the spot
the desperado was drawing his revolver on Smythe, and when disarmed by
the Captain, then Smythe in turn drew a derringer on the desperado,
when the Captain caught it in his left hand, holding the revolver in
his right, and saying: "You shall not shoot a disarmed man." Smythe
responded: "Let go my pistol or I'll shoot _you_," accompanying the
threat with an oath. A struggle ensued in which Smythe recovered the
use of his pistol, and shot the Captain, grazing his hip. He replied
with two shots, which finished Smythe's career on earth. A preliminary
examination was had, and the Captain was bound over, but the grand jury
dismissed the case as justifiable homicide.

We will now relate an incident, with which the writer was still more
personally connected, to illustrate the bitter prejudices a Northern
man had to meet living in that country. Yes, prejudice! a thing
conceived in sin, born in iniquity, twin of jealousy, and equally
cruel; one of the relics of barbarism still clinging to poor human
nature, tormenting its waking hours and its dreams by night, lurking in
the soul's deep recesses, and in the thoughts of the brain, displaying
in its action all the bristling, snarling, growling, barking, and
snapping suspicion of the canine race, ready to pitch on every strange
dog passing the street. It may be further characterized as the
blindest, most unreasonable, hateful and hating, and most desperately
wicked passion of the human soul. It casts its blighting mildew over
everything it touches.

We can have no extensive acquaintance with its presence and power in
society until we have met and felt its chafing and friction-grinding
power in the strange relations and contacts of a selfish and suspicious
world. Our ideas and feelings are not sufficiently humanized and
catholic in their sway. And when we think they are, frequently on
occasion we are waked up to discover they are not. The thought is
unwelcome, that in this we exhibit still, in despite our genteel and
generous progress, the unconscious affinities of barbarism.

But why do we thus comment? Because in our five years' Texas experience
we met this monster of the human heart in shapes and phases, deeper,
darker, and more vile than we had ever dreamed of before, or could
have dreamed if we had never seen Texas. There this barbarous element
assumes a more lawless and criminal form than in any other country
we ever saw. There it hesitates not at doing personal violence to
its object. And so much the more as they value human life less than
other people. Comparatively, Northern people can scarcely imagine what
prejudice means except in milder forms, and as defined in dictionaries,
pulpit theories, and so forth.

A lady friend said to us on our return from that country: "Mr. N., you
ought to be a wiser man for what you have seen in Texas." A gentleman
was kind enough to say to us: "Served you right, you had no business to
go there in the first place." Now we do not of course ask the alms of
sympathy in our Texas experience, particularly from such as might feel
harmed by the exercise of that noble grace, but simply appear as the
writer of a little personal history.

Perhaps no Northern man was more unfortunately situated in Texas than
the writer. He had gone there just a few months prior to the war,
which, to the eye of prejudice, was evidence, _prima facie_, that he
was a spy, or something else inimical to the country's welfare. If not,
why was he there at that late day? The incident we wish to relate is in
the following.




CHAPTER XVI.

THE TWO DAYS' MEETING.


Sometime in June, 1864, the writer had an appointment for a two-days'
meeting, fourteen miles away, at a place called U---- H----, Saturday
and Sunday. On the morning of the sixth day of the week, the splendid
clay-bank saddle-horse was brought out, young and vigorous, and the
preacher placing himself in the Spanish saddle, was on his way to the
religious meeting, reaching there two hours before the time. Preached
at eleven o'clock A. M. to a large week-day audience in a neat house of
worship situated in a beautiful grove on a hill which was the highest
land-point in the county. He was the invited guest of a local preacher,
at whose instance the appointment had originally been made.

In the afternoon, a self-resolved committee of three gentlemen called
on the preacher to know if the report were true, which was current
there, they said, that, on the 12th of April previous, he had held
a feast at his house, to which all the Yankees in the neighborhood
were invited guests, and that, too, in _express_ opposition to the
proclamation of President Davis, making that a day of fasting and
prayer, calling upon the people to resort to their places of public
worship, and pray for the success of the Confederacy. If not true they
desired to suggest that the preacher had better notice the report
in the public meeting that night. His local preacher friend opposed
giving any such undue prominence to the report. But he disposed of the
committee by remarking: "I will follow my best impressions at the time."

The evening came on, the audience assembled, and after preliminaries
he arose to announce text and subject, but before doing so said to
the hearers: "I understand you have a grievous report about me here,
the scene of which is laid in B----m. I heard the report myself some
time ago there, but it bore such evidence of instigation by the cloven
tongue of prejudice and slander that I thought little of it, and it
had passed from my mind." The preacher then gave a brief recital as
they had it. "But," said he, "the report in B----m had one item that
you have not here. That at the close of the feast I was at the head
of the table and drank off a toast to the name of Abraham Lincoln.
Furthermore," said he, "I will now give you another fact not contained
in either report. It is this: The Confederate Brigadier-general M.,
with three members of his staff, were present at my table that day.
One of his staff officers is a Baptist clergyman, and was the only
minister present at the public services that day, and officiated in his
clerical capacity, coming from church to my house. This important fact
was evidently left out of the report, because if included it would have
damaged the plausibility of it and defeated the purpose of the intended
slander, which was to injure your humble servant, and no one else."

The preacher continued: "We had two meals that day at our
house--breakfast at the usual hour of eight o'clock in the morning,
and our bill of fare contained no extras on account of the day; nor do
I remember that the bill was reduced or modified either in quality or
quantity to suit any preconceived notions as to what would and would
not be proper to eat or abstain from eating on that proclamation-day
of fasting and prayer. We had dinner at four o'clock in the afternoon,
and having fasted four hours beyond the usual hour for that meal,
we thought it not a serious breach of the letter or spirit of the
proclamation-text to crowd a little more into the dinner hour at four
P. M. My wife is a splendid cook herself, and what with that fact,
and her supervision of three or four colored assistants, and the
inspiration all were under to do their best because of the coming
presence of the aforesaid military dignitaries, we _did_ have about as
good, and delicious, and sociable a meal as the times and the state of
the market would permit. I will not so far dignify the report as to
deny the evil animus of it, but call the attention of the audience to
two facts, and leave you to draw your own conclusion: the _toast_ and
the presence at our table of a Confederate Brigadier-general, with his
staff, reconcile them who can."

Here leaving the matter, he announced his text: "But the Scripture
hath concluded all under sin." And as he was in the mood of a holy
indignation at that hour, he evolved from his text the topic of "_sin_:
wherein it consists," and "_its bitter fruits_: wherein do they
consist." And he gave them, to the best of his ability, a sermon that
savored of brimstone and the hot place below!

Sunday morning the preacher gave them "faith, hope, and charity," and
felt victory his, as seen in the increasing numbers and interest of
the meetings.

General M. was his personal and accepted friend, and a Union man at
heart, and accepted the garb of a brigadier-general of State militia
to hold his political popularity in the State, for he had aspirations
toward the gubernatorial chair, and hoped some day to do his State
better service in a civil capacity.




CHAPTER XVII.

THE CONSCRIPT LAW AND HOW THE WRITER BEAT IT.


Three years and more of war had now passed, and we had succeeded in
flanking all movements to get us into the army. The conscript law
had been in force a year or two, sweeping all ages from eighteen
to forty-five, and all classes except ministers of religion in
regular discharge of ministerial duties, State and county officers,
and slaveholders owning a certain number of slaves, fifteen being
the minimum. Of course, it being the slaveholder's war, and the
slaveholder never having been obliged to work for his rights in human
chattels and things, but others made to produce and maintain them for
him, his aristocratic leisure must be consulted and favored still,
in the conduct of the war. _It was the slaveholder's war, but the
poor man's fight._ And nothing pleased them better than to force a
Northern man, described in their parlance--"a d--d Yankee, and a d--d
abolitionist"--into the army, and get him killed off.

The writer has been asked a hundred and one times: "How did you
escape the army?" The question is easily answered. After the first
volunteering wild-fire had swept over the land and died out, he saw
what would be the next step in the war programme, conscription. "The
wise man seeth the evil and fleeth," says the prince of wise men. And
though he did not flee in the literal sense, yet he did in the legal
sense of the coming conscript law, by changing his "base" from that of
a simple private citizen to that of a minister of religion; and had his
regular congregation, to whom he ministered over two years. By this
_dernier_ resort, he bridged over a bad place in the road--for "Jordan
was a hard road to travel"--and he was on the hardest part of the road
in those days.

But as late as February, 1865, a new exemption law was reported to the
Confederate Congress, and on the eve of being passed, containing this
clause: "All ministers of religion, who have, at any time during the
war, bought and sold for profit, shall go into the army." This law was
reported to Congress by Mr. Miles, of South Carolina, Chairman of the
Military Committee. But we were credibly informed the Hon. Williamson
S. Oldham, representative from our Congressional District, drafted
it, and inserted the clause relating to ministers of religion, with
particular reference to the writer's case. The Hon. gentleman had spent
two hours or more in our store, the day before leaving the last time
for Richmond, Virginia, to dance attendance upon the last and forlorn
session of the Confederate Congress. And having posted himself in our
case, he concluded that business clergymen were the forlorn hope of
the Confederacy. The animus of the law was that ministerial drones
only, who would not work, but preferred starvation, or living off their
broken-down congregations, were entitled to exemption from military
duty. But the more enterprising class of ministers, who were willing to
divide financial burdens with their congregations, by seeking business
pursuits, for supporting themselves and families, and yet giving them
the same amount of pulpit service, with the drones, were damaged by the
virtue of business enterprise, and held to the performance of military
duty.

This looked like the impassable gulf which we could neither cross
nor flank. But Solomon's forlorn hope of "fleeing" was left us, and
we made a hasty and masterly retreat out of Texas into Mexico.
The retreat, however, like all hasty retreats, was expensive and
financially disastrous. We had no time to strike tent, gather up
family and material interests, and take with us. It was the occasion
of finally losing thousands of dollars. But when safe on the sunset
side of the Rio Grande, in Matamoras, the Confederate asthma left us,
and we breathed freer. But not long after, we found that though we had
escaped the Confederate "frying pan," we had jumped into the Mexican
"fire," for the demon of war was after us there. The city was under
the personal command of General Mejia, the favorite General of the
Emperor Maximilian, and who, the reader will remember, perished with
his imperial master at the tragic close of the quasi Empire. And at
the time we speak of, the city was beleagured by Generals Canales and
Cortinas, of the Liberal party, on the outside. The report was put in
circulation that the foreign residents must help defend the city. This
was the most dangerous ground yet, for in case of the capture of the
city, the foreigners in arms, just at sunrise some fine Sunday morning,
would have been filed out on "Boro Plaza," and shot to death without
"benefit of clergy." The public shooting of one or more on this plaza
was generally the opening entertainment of each Sunday. From shooting
all went to High Mass, then to carrying the host through the streets;
thence to the cockfights, beer-garden dances, theaters and other
amusements the balance of the day.

The writer found that long familiarity with such scenes resulted in
a demoralization of noble sentiment and refined feelings; so that
at last one came to regard human life not much above the level of
brutes, and to feel that there is no virtue except in name, and that
the distinction of right and wrong is only relative and conventional,
having no absolute and universal foundation in truth and equity. Indeed
the Romish Church of Mexico--and no other is there--seemed to act and
move on this broad assumption, as she does everywhere, when permitted
to act out her nature freely, that truth and right are not absolute
things as they relate to mankind, but are to be held subject to her
_dictum_ and disposal. Hence the same thing may be right or wrong at
the same time, depending only on the circumstance of being allowed or
disallowed by the Church. Here comes in the plausible, yet mischievous
doctrine and dispensation of indulgences. There is but a step betwixt
truth and error, betwixt the sublime and the ridiculous.

The Rev. Dr. L----n, from Nashville, Tennessee, a Cumberland
Presbyterian divine, and the writer, joined in a petition to his
Imperial Majesty, Maximilian, for a free permit to hold religious
services as Protestants in the city of Matamoras. The petition was
granted, and soon after it was followed by a proclamation from the
Emperor, decreeing religious freedom to all throughout the Empire,
including foreigners. This was doubtless a species of _religio
coup d'etat_, intended for effect; but more abroad than at home,
particularly in the United States. However we took advantage of it for
a few weeks in the city; and held services in the "Varieties' Theater,"
each Sunday morning, for the benefit of the Anglo-American population.
But after the fourth Sunday we began to feel the bitterness of the
native population toward us. And this, in connection with the danger
that the city might fall into the hands of the Liberals, who were less
liberal in religion than the Imperials, caused us to discontinue the
religious services. And though so soon defeated, yet we felt a little
wholesome pride in the fact that we were the first Protestant heretics
that ever bearded the Romish Lion in his Mexican den. The city remained
in Imperial hands till we left.




CHAPTER XVIII.

A PLOT AGAINST THE WRITER'S LIFE--MORE ABOUT TEXAS.


In July, 1864, being in trade at B----m, and having been for two years
doing a commission, receiving, and forwarding business, besides buying
and selling on his own account, the writer called one day at the
Collector's office, in the court-house, to pay the quarter's two and a
half per cent. taxes on sales. The Collector being absent, he inquired
of a squad of men at one of the front doors of the court-house--among
whom was his Honor District Judge S----d--if they had seen the
Collector. Just then a man came hurriedly pressing through the squad,
and approaching us asked if our name was N----. We had no sooner said
yes, than he struck us over the mouth, cutting both lips nearly through
on the teeth, accompanying the blow with the denunciatory charge: "You
d--d scoundrel and thief, you have stolen $23 from my wife."

In quick succession six or eight more blows followed the first, when,
bringing into requisition the little knowledge of the "gloves" obtained
in boyhood, we succeeded in warding them off. His poor success as a
pugilist drove him to the use of an office chair, whose blows were
received with another. Then he changed to hurling the chair at us with
all vengeance, which we received as before, until both chairs were
demolished. By this time we were in the court-house yard, when our
personal friend, Deputy-sheriff Hardin, came to the rescue, caught Mr.
T----d, our assailant, under his powerful right arm, and held him as in
a vise. By this time our assailant's brother appeared on the field, and
ordered the Sheriff to release his brother, saying: "It is all right
to whip the d--d Yankee." "No, Sir," replied the officer, "if you want
to hurt Mr. N. you must hurt me." He released him on a promise to keep
the peace. Meanwhile, we saw a dozen men circled around us, armed with
revolvers. We could see the devil in each eye. We then began to suspect
a plot. But what could the charge mean? The explanation had come to us.
We remembered the clerk had said some lady had brought to the store a
lot of dress goods, and requested their sale for her account at certain
prices. That he had sold them for the gross amount of $230, taking out
the usual ten per cent. commission of $23, and paid her the balance. We
made a statement of the facts to the circle of desperadoes, and then
retired to our house.

The next day, from a couple of friends, leading men in times of peace,
but nowhere in such times, we learned what the plot was. The low class
hated our presence in their midst, and business success, and in their
bitterness would drive us from the country or kill us. The $23 matter
was to be used as a pretext for the attack, hoping thereby to provoke
retaliation as a further excuse for shooting us down, and in case of
failure his confederates were to reinforce him.

They seemed to calculate pretty safely that a dozen of them, at least,
could dispatch _one_ unarmed Yankee. A calculation very different from
that which they boasted at the opening of the war, that "one Southern
man could whip just one dozen Yankees." Yes, our assailant swore
vehemently that "he preferred fighting Yankees at home rather than in
the field." We replied, "very likely, if unarmed."

The friends advised us to leave the place, as they feared secret
assassination. We took their advice, and left for San Antonio, one
hundred and sixty-five miles west, where we took our family in a few
weeks, and spent the winter of 1864-5. On the first day of March,
1865, the writer took an ambulance stage--a sort of private irregular
affair--for Matamoras, having for company, beside the driver, a lady
and two children, going to her husband there, and placed under our
care. The driver had never been through on the route before. We got
along quite well the first three or four days, having a change of mules
each day. But one afternoon we took the wrong road, and brought up
ten o'clock at night, lost in the middle of, so to speak, a shoreless
prairie. The mules exhausted, the driver turned them out to graze for
the night, with forty feet of stake rope between each pair.

The lady and her children were settled for the night in the stage, and
the driver and ourself took the accustomed ground bed. At break of day
the writer awoke, and raised his head to look for the grazing _mulos_,
but could not see nor hear them. Suspecting they might have taken leave
of absence, the driver was instantly awakened, and he followed the rope
trail in the road we had come the night before, a half a mile back,
and then it suddenly changed to the right oblique, and was lost in the
trackless prairie grass. The sun was two hours high, and it was Sunday
morning. It felt like Sunday all round. No sign of civilized life in
view on that ocean prairie. Here and there could be seen, forty and
eighty rods off, the hungry Spanish wolf seated in quiet watchfulness,
and patiently longing for a human meal. Our provision box was nearly
empty; the children were crying for water, and we had none, and could
not tell when we would have any. Nine o'clock came, and no driver nor
mules yet. He had gone northward, and the writer struck out toward the
rising sun in search of the missing animals. We had gone about a mile,
and saw a mile or two further in the distance two men on horseback,
driving a large herd of cattle and horses. We followed them as rapidly
as our pedestrian qualities would permit, and when on an elevation,
within possible hailing distance, say half a mile, we raised an Indian
whoop, and imagined ourselves considerable of an Indian in the whooping
line just then, as there was a strange feeling of life and death
about it. We succeeded in making them hear, got their attention, and
by waving a white signal, succeeded in drawing them to us. They were
Mexicanos, not able to understand a word of English. Fortunately we
could make them understand the situation, in their own language, the
Spanish. We gave them two Spanish dollars to go and hunt the mules.
They were gone an hour and returned, handing back our money, saying
the _umbra_ had the mules. We took but one dollar, giving them the
other for their honesty. "Adios, Senor," and off they rode. Just then
we saw the driver coming with the mules, two miles off. At first they
looked like one immense animal about forty feet high, mounted by a man
twenty feet more. This illusive effect was produced by the prairie
mirage. About noon the mules were in harness again and moving.

At four in the afternoon we reached water at a Mexican Ranche. The
children were nearly famished from thirst, as they had been twenty-four
hours without water. And here we struck the lost road again,
twenty-eight miles from Rio Grande City, on the Rio Grande, called
Ringgold Barracks during the Mexican war with the United States, named
for Major Ringgold, who was killed there.

We passed down the river on the Texas side with a fresh team, crossing
it by ferry, at Edinburg, and then we took the stage on the Mexican
side, one hundred and fifty miles to Matamoras. We made that distance
on the finest road we ever saw, in just twelve hours. The next stage
that came through was captured, and robbed by the cut-throat Cortinas,
who is dignified in the military world with the title of General. The
splendid stage line was thereby compelled to haul off, to the great
annoyance and detriment of the traveling public.

We will here record a tragic incident to illustrate the savage
character of this half-breed semi-barbarian Cortinas. But it is quite
enough to mantle with patriotic shame the American cheek, to know that
a high Federal officer was _particeps criminis_ in the foul play.

Don Manuel G. Rejon was a Spanish gentleman, of fine personal
appearance, in whose veins ran the pure Castilian tide, an eminent
lawyer, and a member of the Mexican Congress. In April, 1864, owing to
the political disturbances which occurred in the States of Nueva Leon
and Coahuila, he fled to Brownsville, Texas, and thought himself secure
under the protection of the United States flag.

Jose M. Iglesias, one of President Juarez's Ministers, was at this time
in Matamoras, and solicited the extradition of Rejon. General F. J. H.,
commanding the Federal forces on the lower Rio Grande, turned him over
to the Mexican authorities.

The surrender of a political refugee like Rejon, that he might be put
to death by his enemies, never occurred before in the United States.
The famous, or rather infamous, Cortinas was then Governor of the State
of Tamaulipas, and in obedience to the arrogant orders of Minister
Iglesias, caused him to be shot. A father's prayers, a woe-stricken
wife's tears, and the piteous wailings of his children, did not avail
to save the unfortunate Rejon.

General H., after having surrendered Rejon, applied for the extradition
of a certain Confederate agent, who resided at Monterey; but his wishes
were not gratified by the Mexican authorities. We believe the name of
the agent was J. A. Quintero.

The surrender of the fated Rejon was a gross outrage upon the
principles of civilized warfare, and was done with the moral
foreknowledge of the bloody fate that awaited him. The act was as if
surrendered to the tender mercies of Indians! And though General H.
might have been actuated by a desire to secure the surrender of the
Confederate agent Quintero, yet this furnishes no palliation for the
unprecedented action. The act remains a blistering stigma upon the
General, as it should; and is an unvarnished disgrace to the United
States service--inexcusable, inhuman, and savagely mean; showing that
even a Federal General, in _one_ instance at least, could hob-a-nob
in cut-throatism with the infamous Cortinas. In our view, it was a
high-handed stroke of arrogance, unauthorized by military precedent
or necessity, and should have resulted in cashiering General H., and
dismissing him from the service in disgrace.

In a few weeks the writer's family came to him in Matamoras; five
hundred miles they came alone, with a lady traveling companion, through
a wilderness country, camping out fourteen nights, the Spanish Coyotas
making night hideous with their Scottish bagpipe combination of
screeching, howling sounds. The country covered much of the way with
Mesquite and Cactus "Chaparral." Very little water, except in puddles
by the wayside. Our youngest child, eighteen months old, sickened
from the water, and nearly died at Matamoras. The overdone condition
of Mrs. N., from personal exposure, mental anxiety and fear, she has
never fully recovered from. We are vain enough to think that few women
could have shown equal heroism under similar experience, and lived
through it. Doubtless the experience of previous years in the Methodist
Itinerancy had prepared her for such emergencies. We know not, indeed,
what we can endure until put to the test.

Only two weeks before making this journey, the family had been flooded
out in San Antonio by the sudden rise in the San Antonio River,
eighteen feet in two hours. They barely escaped with their lives,
losing nearly everything in the line, of household goods--carpets, five
feather beds, mattresses, a lot of elegant parlor books, and among them
an elegant gold-clasp family Bible, containing the family record, worth
thirty dollars and otherwise valuable as a gift of former years. The
flood was caused by a sudden discharge of an immense water-spout from
the heavens, a few miles above the city in the San Antonio Valley. The
water-spout had come from the Gulf, a hundred and fifty miles or more,
and discharged itself in the valley, throwing the river over its banks.
The writer was in Mexico at the time.




CHAPTER XIX.

LEE'S SURRENDER.--EFFECT UPON TEXAS SOLDIERS.--WRITER'S RETURN TO TEXAS.


We were in Matamoras when Lee's surrender took place in Virginia. As
soon as the news reached Texas the Confederate soldiers began to desert
in squads--the desperado class--organize into predatory bands, roam
at will over the country, and rob everybody and everything they could
lay hands on. Took special delight in robbing Northern merchants in
the country. They broke into the writer's store at B----m one night,
and carried off three to four thousand dollars' worth of goods; and
that was the end of it. There was no chance for legal redress, for
the condition of the country was that of lawless disorder. It was not
certainly known who the robbing parties were, but if it had been, it
would have been considered guilty knowledge by them, and probably cost
one his life.

On the 15th day of June, 1865, we took passage with our family, on a
Government transport, and came to New Orleans. Thence on July 1st we
secured passage by the "Star Line" of steamers, for the family, to New
York, and in a few days returned ourself to Texas, to gather up, as far
as possible, the fragments of business. Landed at Galveston just behind
Hamilton, Military Governor of the State. Followed him up country, and
on reaching B----m, found Major Curtis, from Southern Illinois, in
command of the post, with two companies of troops.

After an absence of a year, we were back again on the ground of former
trials and dangers. But now, with an assurance against fear, the first
thing we saw was a squad of men sunning themselves on the front gallery
of our old dwelling-house. Among them was the man T----d, who had made
the attack on our life the year before. We walked up and saluted them,
saying, "How are you, gentlemen? I see a new order of things here since
I left; how do you like it?" Did you ever see the downcast look of a
sheep thief? Then you can imagine how some of these scalawags appeared.
Some never looked up again after the first glance. Our assailant paled,
and looked as if his heart were quoting the interrogatory of the
ancient devils: "Hast thou come to torment me before my time?"

With one or two gentlemen we passed to the Court House, where Major
Curtis had headquarters. Took a birdseye view of the situation, and
then went to the house of our North Carolina friend, a Union man, and
who believed in Sam Houston. He could not well be otherwise, for he had
been so fortunate as to secure a genuine New England lady for a wife.

Sunday morning we were passing the soldiers' quarters, and saw them
handing a coffin into a wagon. We halted, and addressing the gentleman
giving directions, found it was Major Curtis. He told us the deceased
was a fine young man from Southern Illinois, whose praise was upon the
lips of all his soldier comrades. The indications were, that they were
burying without religious rites, and on inquiry we learned they had
no chaplain, and were not inclined to ask the services of a resident
clergyman. We informed the Major that we sometimes acted in such a
capacity, and any service we could render should be cheerfully given.
On his appointment we preached a funeral discourse in the Court House,
at 3 P. M., that day. They buried the Christian soldier boy a thousand
miles away from home, where all were strange and few were kind.

The next day the Major desired an interview with us at his office, to
obtain information about certain parties living thereabouts. Here was
an opportunity to relate our grievances, and have them redressed if
we desired. We related the case to him and he proposed to arrest and
punish the party; but we said no, that we were willing to leave the
scoundrel to the handlings of a just Providence!

Bidding the Major "farewell," and a "God bless you" one day, we took
stage for Austin, the capital of the State, and headquarters of the
Governor. Passed up the valley of the Colorado River, which we had
frequently to ford and ferry in a distance of eighty miles, before
reaching the capital.

The Governor was already bivouacked in the State domicile, and two
regiments were encamped hard by the city. Judging from appearances, his
Excellency meant business. Here we met, and became the guest of Rev.
Josiah Whipple, elder brother of the Rev. H. Whipple, now of Chicago.
He had once been in the Methodist connection in Illinois as long ago as
1840, and before that date. Went to Texas in a missionary capacity, in
company with the Rev. John Clark, who died of cholera while in pastoral
charge of Clark Street M. E. Church, of Chicago, some years ago.

He insisted we must not take the stage for San Antonio that
day--Saturday--but remain with him over Sunday, and perform pulpit
service for him. We did so. But on entering the pulpit Sunday morning,
we were unfortunate in a portion of our wardrobe, in having on a
blue flannel sack coat instead of a "Confederate gray" or black, or
home-made jeans, or some other color than blue. _Blue_ was as enraging
to the secesh eyes of some of the fair ones in the audience as _red_ is
to the eyes of a turkey gobbler. They could not endure the blue coat as
they had seen the "boys in blue" that morning, on their way to church,
and judged we were one of the regimental chaplains of the Union troops
encamped near the city. So six or eight of them, led by an elderly
amazon, filed out of church while the "blue coat" was on his knees in
silent devotion in the pulpit.

On rising and being seated in the desk, we observed a little excitement
at the door, between a couple of gentlemen and several ladies, which we
afterward learned was the effort of the men to get the ladies cooled
off and back into church again, which they succeeded in doing, except
the old woman. She declared she would never hear a _blue coat_ preach
as long as she lived, and home she went. A few days thereafter we
were told that the old lady and a daughter or two were sweeping the
sidewalk down town with their long dress trails, and when coming to the
United States flag, suspended in front of headquarters, and over the
sidewalk, they stepped to the middle of the street, and thus avoided
the humiliation of passing under the hated "Stars and Stripes."

Their contemptuous conduct was noticed, and reported to the
post-commandant, who sent a posse after them, had them brought back,
and made them march to and fro under the flag for several minutes,
while the band played the national airs of "Star Spangled Banner"
and "Yankee Doodle." And then they were dismissed with the wholesome
admonition, "to show more respect in the future for the old flag which
had done them good, and not evil, all their days."

A Sunday or two after we noticed the old lady in church again, where
she listened respectfully to the preaching of the offensive _blue
coat_, and we thought the thorough Union medical treatment she had
received had done her good, as her bilious or rebellious condition
seemed very much reduced, and the patient rapidly convalescing toward a
love of the "red, white and _blue_."

We visited San Antonio, and on reaching New Braunfels, thirty miles
from there, a fine German town of five or six thousand inhabitants,
we found at the hotel a man just in from the bush, where he had been
met, robbed, stripped, and tied to a tree, and there left to perish by
hunger and thirst, or to be the prey of bears, wolves, and panthers
from the mountains near by. Judging from the cast-off clothing they
left behind, the robbers appeared to be deserters from the Federal
camps at San Antonio. Fortunately some passer-by heard his cries of
distress, and went and released the man from his perilous situation.
The robbers had taken from him a gold watch, $175 in gold, and a good
suit of clothes in exchange for some rags of blue, with which the
victim in part covered himself so as to get into town. In their haste
the robbers left in the clothing an old silver watch, which, with the
clothing, we took and turned over to the General in command at San
Antonio. He kindly thanked us for the interest we had taken in the
matter, and said that information had been lodged that two cavalry-men
were missing from camp, and presumed these were the parties; and said
he should send out a detachment, and if possible capture them. We
subsequently learned they were not captured. You might as well look
for a needle in a haymow as to hunt for deserters in the forests,
chaparral, and mountains of Texas.

We returned to Austin the sick guest of the Rev. Mr. Whipple, three
weeks in the fellowship of the sufferings of the ancient Job.




CHAPTER XX.

GOV. HAMILTON--THE THIRTY NEROS--THE OLD GERMAN AND HIS WIFE--THE
FIGHT WITH INDIANS--A NATIVE TEXAN'S OPINION OF GERMANS.


Before we left Austin Governor Hamilton sent out a strong detachment
to the adjoining county on the north, and had arrested sixteen members
of the vigilance committee, whose whole number was thirty, and whose
business had been during the war to hunt up and kill Union men. The
sixteen were brought to Austin and lodged in prison to await trial.
Eight of them turned States' evidence, and testified that the thirty
had killed, in their own county, exactly their own number. They showed
the officers where fourteen of the victims were buried, in one place.

We were invited to dine one day with a friend at the house of their
legal counsel. From him we gathered the facts. He said that he
considered their defense desperate to the last degree; but he was bound
by his professional oath and honor to see that they had a just and
impartial trial.

One of the victims of the fiendish malice of these thirty Neros was an
old, white-haired German, eighty years of age, who was suspected of
Union proclivities. They went to the house where the old German and his
aged wife were living together alone, in peace and quiet, and made the
pretext to the old lady that they wanted her husband as an important
witness in some case, which partly quieted her fears. They placed the
old man in the saddle, and ordered him to ride in front. As he was
passing out the gate of the front yard, the villains shot the old man
in the back, and he fell to the earth dead! The old lady standing in
her door-way saw it all, gave one long, wild scream, and fell forward
to the ground! The wretches left, nor let the grass grow under their
feet till safe in their hiding places.

The thunderbolt of insanity had passed through the soul of the wretched
old wife, and when we left Austin she was a hopeless maniac in the
Insane asylum. We wish to say that these things were generally unknown
outside the localities where they transpired during the war.

To the northwest of Austin, a hundred miles away, we heard the report
that a serious fight had occurred between the State Militia and two or
three hundred Indians, who had come down from the mountains to steal
horses and cattle. That the Indians fought in ambush, and made many
of the whites bite the dust. But when the lying spirit of the war was
over, the truth came out that these Indians were a colony of German
refugees fleeing from Texas persecution to Mexico. But few of them ever
reached there.

The German population of Texas were generally understood to have Union
sympathies, avid were therefore cordially hated by original Texans. We
were riding one day into the country with a genuine Texan, and coming
to a heavy German settlement, he called our attention to their fine
farms and substantial improvements, and said, "See the Germans squatted
everywhere on the best lands in our State. I'll tell you what I would
do if in my power. I would compel them to leave the rich land and go to
the sand hills and sand prairies. I don't think they have any business
on these lands, and right under the noses of the better class of
citizens."

This was an occasion when we regarded the "discretion" of thinking
without speaking "the better part of valor." But we confess that we
never felt more disgraced by the company we were in. We passed out to
his plantation. His house was scarcely fit for a horse-stable, and
everything was in filth and confusion in and out of doors. We thought
the meanest German in the settlement his king in industry, neatness and
thrift. One of the most flourishing towns in Texas is New Braunfels.
It is thoroughly German in its original settlement and growth. As
already stated, it is located thirty miles east of San Antonio, and
probably on the shortest river in the world, the Comal, two miles
long. Just to the north of the town, and running west, is a range of
mountains. At the base of this mountain range, the Comal rises from the
bosom of the earth, from several large springs, which flow together
within a distance of a few rods, has no tributary, descends fifty to
seventy-five feet within the two miles, and then falls over a bluff,
making the best water power in the State, and equal to any in the world
for the quantity of water. Then loses itself in a confluence with the
Guadalupe River, which still further north rises in the same sudden
way. And on this stream are several fine water powers. The waters of
the two rivers will equal in volume the Rock River of Illinois. The
San Antonio headwaters are formed from several sudden springs three
miles above the city. The San Marcos, still east of all of those
before named, originates in the same way, and all of them furnish an
abundance of water power all along their courses. And when it comes
to the character of their waters, the writer must confess that he
has never seen their equal in any country. They are as limpid as the
finest spring water ever seen. We have thrown a five cent silver piece
into one of the San Antonio springs, and seen it on the pebbly bottom,
fifteen feet down easily, and the depth did not seem to the eye more
than five or six feet.

The country, where these streams rise, is from six to eight hundred
feet above the level of the sea, and only a hundred and twenty-five
to one hundred and fifty miles from the ocean. The result is a clear,
dry, salubrious atmosphere. So much so that if standing on a mountain
top, twelve miles west of San Antonio, in a clear day, one's vision can
penetrate westward two hundred and fifty miles across the Rio Grande to
the mountains of Monterey, in Mexico.




CHAPTER XXI.

NORTHERN TEXAS.


In this closing chapter of our book, we have thought that a brief
outline sketch of the topography, climate, soil, and productions
of Texas might not be uninteresting to the reader. And in order to
this, we shall speak first of its grand geographical divisions, as
characterized and distinguished by peculiar products. And first we
will speak of Northern Texas, which is distinguished for being the
wheat region of the State. The wheat region proper embraces about
thirty counties, of which Dallas County may be regarded as the center,
containing about thirty thousand square miles. The rich black soil is
especially adapted to wheat-growing. It yields in ordinary seasons,
and under the imperfect cultivation that it gets as yet, twenty-one
bushels to the acre as a mean average; and in occasional instances the
quality is so superior as to weigh seventy-two pounds to the bushel.
After the first year of the late civil war the supply of flour was
principally from Northern Texas. Its quality was superior to any flour
we have ever seen in Illinois. The soil is equally favorable to all the
other cereals that are produced in the Northern States. The soil on and
near the Upper Brazos is reddish, and is now considered the best for
wheat on account of the solution of gypsum that it holds, and which is
regarded as an important quality in a wheat-producing soil. It wears
better and longer than other soils.

The southeastern and southern-central counties are the best
cotton-growing region, the most fertile of all lands in the State,
and for any thing, like an equal area, the best for cotton that can
be found in the world. The cotton counties proper constitute about
one-quarter of the State. The region also includes several millions of
acres of sugar lands, often quite equal to those of Louisiana. Sugar
has been produced in considerable quantities near the mouths of the
Brazos and Colorado Rivers.

The topographical face of the country, in the cotton and sugar section,
is quite uniform on the coast belt of it. Galveston and Lavaca are,
respectively, ten and twenty-four feet above the level of the sea;
Houston, which is fifty miles from the former port, is sixty feet;
Columbus, which is eighty-five miles from the coast, is two hundred and
fifty feet; Gonzales, something over one hundred miles, is two hundred
and seventy feet. This shows a very moderate rise, of only a foot or
two per mile, from the coast far inland.

San Antonio, one hundred and forty miles from the sea, and outside
of the cotton region west, is six hundred and thirty-five feet above
sea-level. The table lands and the desert, called Llano Estacado
(Staked Plain), in Northwestern Texas, are two thousand and two
thousand five hundred feet, and some elevations are five thousand feet
above the sea.

In point of climate Texas claims to be called the Italy of America.
The mean temperature corresponds, and is equally clear and glowing.
Its peculiarities over other climates of latitude are found in its
unwavering summer sea breeze and winter northers. The first is a
delightful alleviation of its summer heats, flowing each day from the
Gulf as the sun's rays become oppressive, and extending remotely inland
to the furthest settlements with the same trustworthy steadiness. It
continues through the evening, and has so great effect that, however
hot the day may have been, the nights are always cool enough to demand
a blanket, and yield invigorating rest.

The severe northers occur from December to April. They come with
varying durations--from a few hours to two or three days, and seldom
extend beyond the general period of forty days. The rapid reduction of
temperature from seventy-five to thirty-five degrees, and the driving
wind, are keenly felt. When accompanied with heavy rains and sleet,
as is sometimes the case, not often, the cattle suffer and die off in
large numbers. These northers are not unhealthy, but invigorating, and
do not cause nor aggravate pulmonary diseases. Pneumonia is sometimes
developed by them, but with half the caution that we exercise in the
winters of the North, its attacks may be avoided.

As in all new, warm, and highly fertile countries, the low rich river
bottoms, especially of Southern Texas, which are covered with a
profusion of semi-tropical vegetation, are unhealthy to unacclimated
persons. The higher lands are healthy, if the emigrant make a proper
disposition of himself, which is too frequently otherwise. The
atmosphere of the lower Brazos, at Richmond and thereabouts, was
particularly poisonous to the writer. Three days' residence there would
suffice to bring on chills and fever, and then a retreat of a week up
the country seventy-five miles would suppress them.

San Antonio has been in former years quite a favorite resort for
consumptive invalids seeking the improvement of health. The native
Mexicans used to tell a story of its healthfulness that has the Yankee
smack to it. They said some travelers, approaching San Antonio, met
three disconsolate-looking fellows, who were hastening away from the
city. They asked them what was the matter, and where they were going.
They replied that they had met with reverses, that they wished to die,
and were going to some place where they _could_ die.

Yellow fever is imported into the coast towns as it is into New York
and Philadelphia, but it does not originate there. Its ravages, as
would be expected in such a climate, are sometimes severe, but it does
not penetrate into the upland and hilly regions any more than it does
into the interior of New York or Pennsylvania.

_Times of Planting and Harvesting._--Plowing can be done in every
month of the year. This is an immense advantage by way of economizing
labor. It is done in January and February for the field crops. Early
garden vegetables are planted in January. In February the prairies
are green, corn mostly planted, and oats, barley, peas, etc., are
sown. In March fresh pasturage is quite abundant, though the old has
not failed during the winter, and about half the corn is planted. In
April the balance. Then sheep are shorn, and potatoes, peas, and wild
berries appear in market early in the month. In May small fruits are
gathered; apricots ripen toward its close. In June corn is ready for
harvesting, and peaches are ripe. In July first cotton-picking comes.
We have seen new bales of cotton for sale in Galveston on the 4th of
July. Cotton-picking continues to the close of November. December is a
plowing, cleaning, and picking-up month.

The above statements refer to average seasons in the central and
southern latitudes of the State, and to the ordinary culture of the
main crops. Some of them might be grown earlier, and would ripen if
not planted till months later. Most garden vegetables can be planted
throughout the season, so as to afford a constant repetition of them
for the table.

_Wool Production._--Wool husbandry is a large and important interest
in Texas. Sheep can be grown with high profit for domestic uses on the
moderately elevated dry _sound_ lands of all parts of the State. But
the sheep region proper--that where the pasturage is best adapted to
them, both in summer and winter, where with safety and health they can
be herded in great flocks, and where the land is cheap, and wool can
be most cheaply grown for exportation--lies in Western Texas. It is
bounded on the east and west by the Guadalupe and Nueces Rivers, and so
far as yet experimented, north by the Colorado River, say from Bastrop
upward.

South of San Antonio the sheep region is generally level, descending
with a moderate slope to the coast. But the hilly country, commencing
five or six miles north of San Antonio, is regarded _par excellence_ as
_the_ sheep region. The hills further north become more abrupt, with
narrower valleys between, and large river bottoms are reached. The
present center of the sheep region is Kendall County, appropriately
named after the late George Wilkins Kendall, the senior editor of
the New Orleans _Picayune_, one of the best conducted and most
readable newspapers in the United States. He and Horace Greeley
served their apprenticeship together in the office of the Concord (N.
H.) _Statesman_. In 1834 he went to New Orleans and established the
_Picayune_, and entered on his career of success.

He went to the Mexican war under Ben McCulloch with the Texas Rangers.
He died October 22, 1868, at his residence in Kendall County, thirty
miles north of San Antonio.

He was the great sheep-farmer and flock-master of the South, the
pioneer of that branch of husbandry in Texas; and he did more than all
others to introduce, foster, and instruct the people in its management
in a region so adapted by nature to its profitable pursuit.

Kendall County and a dozen counties around it are supplied with streams
of water in abundance, clear, and healthful, and springs, some of them,
of great volume. On the larger streams is a good supply of timber of
various kinds. There are large groves of post-oak, affording _mast_ for
innumerable hogs. The hills are generally bare of vegetation except
grass, which consists of varieties of the _mesquite_, probably the
finest grass for sheep and beeves in the world, and quite equal to the
white clover of the North. It is short, fine, exceedingly palatable
and nutritious--stands drouth well, and springs up like magic after
every shower. It is not entirely killed down by winter, and subsists
flocks throughout the year without the necessity of artificial food.
It is only necessary for the emigrant to secure a homestead, including
land enough to raise family supplies from, and his stock of horses,
cattle, sheep, and hogs, can be pastured on the outlying ranges with
no expense except for herdsmen and shepherds. No rental to any body.
Indeed, a single man can hire his board, and without owning or hiring
a foot of land, can keep large flocks and herds. And this condition of
things must continue beyond the lifetime of the present generation.

Texas stretches through ten and a quarter degrees of latitude, from
twenty-six to thirty-six and one-fourth degrees, over seven hundred
miles. And then it reaches through twelve degrees of longitude, which,
on the thirty-second parallel, would make the width of the State
about seven hundred miles. The State government has already laid off
one hundred and fifty-seven counties, with an area in square miles
of one hundred and ninety-six thousand two hundred and ninety-nine.
Territory not laid off in counties, over one-quarter of the State,
including the mountainous part, seventy-two thousand three hundred and
eighty-five square miles. Total square miles in the State, two hundred
and sixty-eight thousand six hundred and eighty-four. The State is
between five and six times as large as the State of New York, and more
than three and a half times larger than all New England. None of the
noted kingdoms of Europe approach its dimensions except Russia. Vast
portions of it are still in a state of nature, and the balance of it is
thinly populated.

There is no grand climatic or latitudinal division of the State but
offers its peculiar and special inducements to immigrants. Wheat, the
finest in the world, and other cereals, with fruits, etc., of all
kinds, in the north, cotton and sugar in the southern-central and
southeast, pine lumber and cypress in the east, and stock in the west.

Southwestern Texas is a very peculiar portion of the State, and may
be geographically described as lying between the San Antonio River on
the east, and the Rio Grande on the west, and south and southeast of
the road running from San Antonio to Eagle Pass on the Rio Grande,
containing about thirty thousand square miles.

After the establishment of San Antonio, which we believe was in the
year that Philadelphia was settled--called Bexar by the Spaniards and
Mexicans--many years passed before any settlements were attempted
between that post and the garrisons and towns west of the Rio Grande.
The first in point of time was that of Senor Barrego, who in the
forepart of the seventeenth century established a stock-raising
hacienda at a place called "Dolores," on the Rio Grande, twenty-five
miles below the present site of Loredo. He received a grant from the
King of Spain, of seventy leagues of land. This hacienda was afterward
destroyed.

In 1757 the town of Laredo was founded. This place was a sort of
"Presidio" (Fort) where the inhabitants were armed occupants of the
soil. And it proved the only permanent settlement of the Spaniards on
the lower Rio Grande. After this ranches and haciendas were gradually
extended over the country, between the Nueces River and Rio Grande.
And during the first quarter of the present century extensive herds of
horses and cattle, and flocks of sheep, were pastured between the two
rivers. The remains of the stone buildings, water tanks and wells, are
still to be seen. The troubles attending the attempt of the Mexicans to
separate from Spain invited the savage hordes from the north, which had
been kept in better subjection under the system of Spain than they have
ever been since, to make raids upon the frontier settlements, which
caused the country to be nearly vacated again.

The Texas revolution and subsequent border warfare gave the finishing
touch to this country. And when the United States troops under General
Taylor marched from Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande, in 1846, not an
inhabitant was to be found between the Nueces and that river. It had
the appearance of an immense desert to the army, unused as they were to
such treeless pampas. The immense herds of cattle and horses, left to
take care of themselves, had become wild, and had greatly increased;
and as "mustangs" grazed over those plains in almost countless hosts,
it was entirely dangerous for a man to approach them, particularly on
foot, and much more so even on horseback. The old king mustang, and his
male subordinates, would first drive the herd into corral by making a
rushing, neighing circuit around them, and then make a fearful dash at
the human intruder, striking, kicking and biting him to death.

In 1850 the _repopulation_ of that country fairly commenced. The
mustangs were killed or caught and tamed, and "that _so-called_" desert
has been steadily filling with a hardy and active race of stock-raisers.

As the country now stands, the climate is decidedly unfavorable to
agriculture. And unless some plans, on a magnificent scale, can be
devised and executed, by which to irrigate that vast and rich country,
the main dependence will always have to be, as heretofore, on the
flocks and herds. The climate is unseasonable; but not so much for
want of rain; for take the seasons through, ample supplies of rain fall
for all purposes, if they only came at the right time, and in proper
quantities. The planting time is from January to May, and that is the
dry period of the year. It often happens that not sufficient rain falls
during those months to "wet a pocket handkerchief." When it rains it
rains. And during the other months of the year the torrents that fall
upon the country will aggregate twenty-five to thirty inches. It is not
extravagant to affirm that if the water could be utilized in some, as
yet undiscovered way, that country would be the finest in the world.
The desert (?) would "bud and blossom as the rose," in all temperate
and semi-tropical products. The climate, on account of the dryness of
the winter and spring, is as healthy as could be desired.

We think something might be done by making earth tanks on a large
scale, thereby creating immense artificial lakes at convenient points,
and at proper distances, to be used for irrigating purposes when
necessary, and thus redeem that beautiful country from agricultural
waste. It can not be done, however, by private capital and enterprise,
nor by small corporations, but might be by heavy ones, under the
material encouragement and patronage and aid of the General and State
governments, by money and land grants, as to railroad corporations. And
doubtless, in time, something of the kind will be done when the public
good shall demand it. The gardens in and around San Antonio, and along
the river for miles and miles, are irrigated from its waters, by little
ditches running in all directions, from a big ditch or canal, that was
originally built by the Spanish government when its various missions
were established along the San Antonio valley. But if nothing of the
kind should be done in the future, that country will forever remain
the finest stock-raising section in the United States--the paradise of
horses, sheep and cattle. There is little doubt that the tame cattle
herds of to-day outnumber the wild ones of half a century ago. And one
day southwestern Texas will export half a million of beeves yearly.




Old Letters.




OLD LETTERS.


CANTO I.

  Sometimes old letters have the strangest things
  Recorded on the worn and sallow page:
  The writing, too, has neither head nor wings,
  But one would think that insects for an age
  Had wip'd their tiny feet where black ink clings,
  Regardless of the ancient scribbling sage,
  Whose quill, one pointed and one feather'd end,
  Had trail'd away his thoughts to absent friend.

  But who can be sure, they're any more queer
  Than those we moderns hast'ly pen to-day;
  E'en tho' their marks so odd and strange appear,
  That as we read the mind doth halt and stay
  Until the brain hath got a little clear,
  In order, as we let its powers play,
  We well can solve what all the scribblings mean,
  'Tis so at six, or sev'n, or at sixteen.

  The language, too, is no more queer and strange,
  As thought doth spring and file along on thought,
  And spirits meet in pleasant interchange
  Of fancies told, or fancies only caught;
  And scarcely caught at that in his small range,
  As some poor scribbler has his fabric wrought,
  And in the wretched scraping swiftly tells
  What feeling urges--what his bosom swells.

  Those who would have this sweetest priv'lege cease,
  Must ingrate be in senses more than one;
  Nor dwell at home, or anywhere in peace,
  Though parent, friend, daughter, or absent son,
  Such name 'twere well enough they should release;
  Indeed, 'twere well it never had begun,
  If cold neglect in writing they do show,
  No matter if the mails go swift or slow.

  But some there are who never can be made
  To answer letters until ages roll
  Almost away, or letters are mislaid,
  Or till an absent, good, and loving soul,
  Full well may think the friendly hand has stay'd,
  Or that the troubled fates may have control,
  Or illness may--or even worse, one's doubts--
  Our friend is gone away, or else in pouts.

  And yet, most happy one and all should be,
  If but allow'd to bring our distant friends
  So near that, they may feel and truly see
  Each impulse of the heart, and as it blends,
  Feel truly certain that we have the key
  Which opens friendship's valve, and makes amends
  For many sad, unkind, and ugly things,
  That daily life with all its worry brings.

  One friend I've had for many steady years.
  Who, though she lives a thousand miles away,
  Comes ever with her joys, her hopes and fears;
  Before me every feeling doth she lay,
  Which stirs my own to mingle with her tears,
  And ev'ry throbbing of my heart doth stay
  For her, till all she feels, or thinks, or knows,
  Takes root in my own breast, and there it grows.

  She lives in icy--I in Southern clime:
  And e'en as the bright-eyed daughters of the South,
  She loves this land--so many years now mine;
  Nor deems its rainy seasons, or its drouth
  Objectionable, or so out of time,
  If Mail sacks but unseal their widened mouth,
  And bring her freshly posted speedy news
  From me and mine, where fall the Southern dews.

  When fierce war raged, and battle strife ran high,
  She o'er the horrid din and clamor came--
  In spirit came--and heav'd a weary sigh!
  We look'd together on the bloody plain,
  Until our crying souls no more could cry.
  As saw we our own braves' expiring pain;
  "Father, forgive" this wild, this raging crew,
  "For" in their strife "they know not what they do!"

  So oft, when Cynth'a pale, rode high at night,
  And smiled thro', or o'er a rift of clouds,
  She's told me of its beauty and pure light,
  That whitens air, like newly coffined shrouds,
  And makes the snows so flaky, keen and bright,
  While skaters skim the icy lakes in crowds,
  And she, with wishing, longing heart, once more
  Would come, or bring me to the ice-bound shore.

  In weariness of heart, the mind so dwells
  On all its windings thro' the pleasant past,
  Its smooth calm seas, and undulating swells.
  Its earnest aims in solemn grandeur cast,
  Leaves impress on our souls, which merely tells
  Of evanescent things that can not last;
  And e'en tho' painful, held with deep regret,
  Unwillingly would we ever forget.

  This is a long and quite extended reach,
  Of that begun an hour or two ago;
  And looks more like a set or settled speech,
  Than like the stream down which old letters flow:
  And so, dear reader, thro' the lengthen'd breach,
  If so you please, we'll travel rather slow,
  And take as we proceed--to make amends--
  Some letter missives from our absent friends.

  The first of friendly sort, we point you to,
  By Lewis, an ally of the "lost cause,"
  Was penn'd at night, in 1862,
  When subject of Confed'rate army laws,
  And flew the show'ring deadly bullets, flew
  With little intermission--scarce a pause;
  And when men bravely fought, with might and main,
  To gain their independence--but in vain.

  The letter said--'twas not a hasty note--
  "This now to you, may prove farewell, in fine;
  We're all equipped, and waiting for the boat,
  That leaves her moorings somewhere close to nine,
  Which soon is here--and then afloat, afloat,
  And by the morning sun's first blushing shine,
  We'll wear the victor's glorious laurel wreath,
  Or else be shrouded in the arms of death!

  "I know, good friend, this strain must give you pain;
  In carelessness I would not take a step;
  And taking this, if counted with the slain,
  Poor mother's tears, her pillow oft will wet
  For me I know--whom she'll ne'er meet again;
  Yet shall I hope, before the next sunset,
  That she, alike yourself, may gladly tell,
  There's One above, who doeth all things well.

  "There are some things to jot down here, that I
  Would kindly ask, my dearest friend, of you.
  If I am _hors de combat_ plac'd, and die,
  Or battle's lost or gained--here's my adieu,
  But please this letter send--or please to try--
  My feelings scarcely can I now subdue,
  While fate obstruent says, a few hours more
  May transport all to an unbroken shore.

  "Should fickle fortune frown, and leave me fall
  Into unfriendly and blood-greedy hands,
  'Twill be like being--if I be at all--
  In hands next like to those of savage bands.
  It doth not matter on this earthly ball,
  So much where one may be, or what breeze fans.
  The unhappy casualties the post will cite,
  Ere one more sun has settled into night.

  "Dear Charley's going too--the noble boy--
  _She's_ sad to see him with the warring host.
  His joyous look, 'tis a pity to destroy;
  A thousand pities more his life were lost.
  But she knows well, naught but the main decoy,
  Could take him thus from her, he loves the most.
  God grant him life--a long and happy life,
  And one with blessings, free from battle's strife.

  "And now, kind friend, I say a sad good-by;
  The rolling drum doth call us to repair--
  Under the dull, though quiet darken'd sky,
  That may so soon be turn'd to lurid glare,
  As cannons play, and iron missels fly--
  To duty--parcel'd out to each a share:
  But none of us can tell the sad finale:
  And now again I say, good-by, farewell!"

  And thus the letter ended--in a strain,
  That led beloved ones at home to think,
  If war should spare, that he would speak again;
  But give us news from which the heart would shrink,
  For so is all that comes from battle plain,
  Where death holds ev'ry dear one on his brink.
  Such is the fate of war--the olden story,
  Where men invest their lives in search of glory.

  And shall I tell, how with her hand in mine,
  Poor Mary sat, and leaned upon my breast;
  And how her tears fell down on ev'ry line;
  And how, before the morning sun's first shine,
  Her weary form was out, and loosely dress'd;
  And how she pac'd the room the live long day,
  Till ev'ning light had lost its latest ray!

  Poor child! the premonition seemed to be,
  That many trials were in store for her,
  Altho' their unveil'd form she could not see;
  The thought brought in her eyes a fi'ry blue:
  O, for some hope to which her heart could flee!
  Some healing balm the stony fates would stir!
  But ere the week had told its length'ning round
  The secret of her sick'ning fears was found.

  Suspended hope for three long days--then came
  The welcome letter from our hero-friend;
  He was alive--unhurt, and just the same.
  And humbly thanked high heav'n for such an end;
  But ah! how many, many could he name,
  Who would, with his, their own dear voices blend
  No more along the lines of coming years;
  And to their friends could nothing leave--but tears.

  "O! would, the feelings which my bosom fill'd,"
  He said, "as still we glided down the tide,
  And all around in nature calm and still'd--
  I could portray--I felt I could have died!
  No matter then, if soon I should be killed;
  If all I lov'd, and ev'rything beside,
  Should leave this beautiful, enchanting world,
  And into death's cold, cruel arms be hurl'd!"

  "No sound was heard till late at night. The moon
  Then rose, and softly also rose the wind,
  And swept away across the low lagoon,
  Where battle soon would rage a very fiend,
  And o'er the next day's fair and glowing noon;
  And, raging in its lion anger, find
  Its grim and ugly den of horrors fill'd
  With precious blood terrific strife had spill'd.

  "And Charley"--Thus this sad'ning part began--
  "Is now among the noble ones laid low;
  Grim death will ne'er hew down a better man;
  And we, his friends, a better crave to know.
  Horror! I saw his life-blood as it ran,
  And then I thought--for Mary what a blow!
  'Twill rend and crush her young and grieving heart!
  So good--and oh, how sad that _thus_ they part!

  "He near the gunwale bravely--manly stood,
  When o'er the waters came the murd'rous shell,
  And with four comrades, swept him down in blood;
  They early in the carnage quickly fell;
  He rais'd his head from midst the oozing flood,
  And calmly listened to the changing knell;
  Then eyeing me, he said, 'Come Louis, come--
  My life ebbs fast--I'll soon be going home.'

  "Will you to Mary my last token bring,
  And promise, ere my eyes are sealed in death,
  To carry her this tiny diamond ring;
  And tell her then, that at my latest breath,
  I'm thinking of the songs she used to sing;
  And also tell her of my holy faith
  In her truth and her pure, undying love;
  Which can be seal'd but in the world above?

  "And have my body carried back to where
  The brothers, in the holy mystic ties,
  Will gather in the Lodge with solemn prayer,
  Before 'tis laid beneath the open skies.
  'Twill do me good to know I'm sleeping there;
  Ah, see! grim darkness comes! the hour how flies!
  Some other things there are, I wish'd to say,
  But too late now! night--home--Mary--'tis day!

  "I promis'd all--then gently laid his head,
  First on a knapsack, then upon my arm;
  Once more he op'd his eyes, and smiling, said,
  'Thanks, Lew--I'll soon be far from war's alarm.'
  Once more he press'd my hand, and then was dead!
  I laid him down--no fear of coming harm,
  For none could pain that cold and lifeless form;
  Now all was past--let battles rage and storm.

  "Of more than this, I've scarcely time to speak;
  You'll find reports when papers come with news;
  E'en yet, I seem to hear the cannon's shriek,
  As horrid forth their belching thunder spews,
  In vengeance dire and most terrific wreak,
  And covers friend and foe with death-damp dews!
  How sinks and quails the heart at the dread sight,
  When war turns fairest day to blackest night.

  "The fun'ral pageantry--the solemn toll,
  The cortege, like a serpent, winding through,
  The muffled drum's long-sounding gloomy roll,
  The death corrode that o'er the senses grew,
  Or sick'ning chill which o'er one's spirit stole,
  The dead march tap--they all seem still in view--
  'Twas thus they bore him to the silent bourne,
  From whence, in old earth form, he'll ne'er return.

  "All these and more--the measur'd tread
  Of good, brave men, who slowly wound along
  With his remains, to their last resting place--
  I scarce can realize that he is gone,
  And that his form lies mold'ring with the dead;
  That we're no more to hear his joyous song--
  I say, all these are trooping through my mind,
  Like ghostly phantoms of some awful kind.

  "I'd ask, before this missive I do close,
  Which now has grown to an unusual size,
  Tho' half is still unwritten, heaven knows--
  That you will comfort Mary, when her eyes
  Are blinded with sore weeping o'er the woes,
  That will wring out her soul in deep well-cries,
  And rend in sorrowing weariness her breast,
  Which now scarce anything can soothe to rest.

  "Yet be a comfort and a friendly stay,
  And bid her grapple with her fate--not grieve,
  Please try to soothe the blinding tears away,
  Though little now can sorrow much relieve,
  Or shed of joy or bliss a single ray.
  Ah! tell her how my soul is _double_ brave,
  Since't feels the spirit touch of Charley's soul;
  But thoughts are quite beyond my word control.

  "A few more items yet, and I have done.
  I would the warmest gratitude express,
  And obligations deep I owe to one--
  Whose heart is with her friends in their distress,
  And when their joys come on, exceed her none,
  In spontaneities, to smile or bless--
  To you, Lottie--who disappointments share,
  All that your tender prompting well can bear.

  "And now, good friend, I feel I'm badly needing
  A little respite from the past few days,
  Whose strange events have set a canker feeding
  Within my breast, where wooing quiet stays;
  But now, at times, I feel it must be bleeding,
  My very brain is in a dizzy haze
  Of horrid things that in succession fly
  Before my eyes. Once more, dear friend, good-by."


CANTO II.

  If there be anything that is heartrending,
  It is when called upon to yield our cheer
  To those whose joys have found a sudden ending,
  Indeed the task's a hopeless one--that's clear--
  To attempt to improve upon or save by mending.
  As well essay to move a planet from its sphere,
  As talk to any one whose real sorrow
  Has pass'd the line where he was wont to borrow.

  I've tried it oft, and given o'er the task;
  And hopeful too as any woman that e'er tried,
  Or man either, e'en though he wore the mask,
  That Satan wore to set our mother Eve beside
  Herself enough to think, and curious ask,
  Why she was ever made, or ever tied
  Upon this curious revolving ball,
  And where her crazy actions brought "the fall."

  That was the fearful thing in nature's God--
  The giving to that simple child the power
  To tread where his own mighty footsteps trod!
  The gloomy clouds o'er all mankind since low'r,
  And lay their stubborn heads beneath the sod!
  His grandchild might have bloom'd supernal flow'r,
  Of all the grand and awful fabrication,
  Nor need redemption nor regeneration.

  Perhaps such questions we've no right to put,
  Unto the Framer of the Universe;
  To our inquis'tiveneness his doors are shut,
  _On dit_--and recommended well of course,
  By the theologist in pious hut,
  With clearing small around--or what is worse,
  He lives beyond where busy thoughts do center,
  And so beyond the pale where gossips enter.

  But then theology is not the theme
  To claim my present labor or my time.
  We'll then retire to Mary's broken dream;
  Although the task is hard, in changing rhyme,
  To waft her smoothly down life's whirling stream,
  And land her safe in any pleasant clime,
  When knowing that her dearest hopes have pal'd,
  And every sweet anticipation fail'd.

  My muse has sung the task, a hopeless one,
  To offer balm to one in woe not found;
  Or being found, it meets a chronic tone.
  To raise the sadden'd brow when sorrow crown'd,
  Is near a failure ere the task's begun;
  'Tis throwing straws to one already drown'd;
  The light frail things are in a feeble clasp,
  And serve no other purpose than to grasp.

  You may try this, or that, or other thing,
  And find each move is not responsive met,
  Except to prove abortive, and to fling
  Your kindest purpose back, from efforts set
  In bounds of common sense--another ring,
  Within whose compass many chafe and fret.
  To try to lead a moody woful mind--
  'Tis but a task where blind must lead the blind.

  "When fate--the dark-brow'd Mistress--lays her hand
  With heavy weight upon a mortal wight,
  It is as if King Terror's deadly wand
  Had swept along, and wither'd left and right;
  Or like one's bark, left on a sullen strand,
  Where soundless waters rise in fury's might,
  Rock on and on, in sullen moaning clash,
  Unmindful of the human wrecks they dash.

  And Mary---still I hear her stifled moan,
  As vainly the letter she tried to read,
  The anguish of her low, distressful groan,
  Would cause a heart of adamant to bleed.
  It seem'd her brain were like a flaming stone;
  Her heart a torn and bent and broken reed;
  And such a look of wan and woeful pain!
  God grant me such a likeness ne'er again."

  Next day they bore her to her city home,
  With life enough scarce left, her frame to bear;
  All had been swept away like wild sea foam,
  And nothing left but a fond mother's care,
  To nurse away the fever which had come;
  A fit attendant of her woes, and share--
  A heated languor with sufficient breath
  To hold her just within the porch of death.


CANTO III.

  But turn we now to other scenes than these,
  At least awhile, and take a cheerful look,
  As trav'ler looks from sand to greenleaf trees,
  And 'neath the shade where runs the babbling brook,
  Who doffs his hat to the refreshing breeze,
  And reading nature as a living book,
  He feels her smiling, in its joyous glim,
  Has such a sweet affinity for him.

  Life should not be all terrors--nor its charms
  Be life-long raptures, or unending songs;
  When both are blended, each alike disarms;
  Nor constant good nor ill, alone belongs
  To life--one only brings us moral harms,
  And on our poor humanity, great wrongs;
  For by the constant sameness would man's deeds
  Defeat all progress that to greatness leads.

  So from the gloomy picture drawn above,
  We'll turn away and find a brighter side.
  Let not the drooping Mary die of love,
  As many storied ones have lov'd and died;
  Nor _solitaire_ in heart forever rove;
  But bid her all life's changes firm abide;
  Her case is hom'opathic, we discover--
  _Similia similibus curanter_.

  Months came and went, and still she linger'd on,
  At home by the sea. Its solitary shore,
  Was travers'd often by her step alone;
  Somehow the dark sea's surging, sullen roar,
  Brought quietude, when elsewhere she found none;
  Her daily lone walks there were many score.
  Philosophy no pedagogue can teach
  Is sometimes found upon a lonely beach.

  The saddest, yet the sweetest melancholy,
  Inspires a feeble, slow reviving frame,
  If but allow'd to steal from heartless folly,
  Away from all that bears the social name;
  And 'neath the spreading evergreen sea-holly,
  Check down the fires of disappointment's flame;
  And thereby give the thoughts a purer turn,
  And cool the heated caldron where they burn.

  In such a state, the bubbles we pursue
  Seem but the vaunt of sickly strength and pride;
  We're on our way, a weary wand'ring through,
  With fallen hopes flung losely on the tide
  Of morbid aims--whose almost crying hue
  Is pencil'd by dull care. Nor can we hide
  The care-worn hues with careful toilet hands;
  The glass of life drops slow, but sure, the sands.

  The tameless passions frequent in the breast,
  Are like the molten waves of Ætna's fire;
  Knowing nor years, nor months, nor weeks of rest--
  Tho' some there are to better things aspire--
  Impulses whatsoe'er, not one repress'd;
  Their every song's a ceaseless never tire,
  And no reflection in its secret springs,
  On what demands it 'mid a thousand things.

  Her letters oft were fill'd with moaning words,
  Whose sadden'd tone inspir'd one's heart with awe;
  E'en her description of sweet singing birds
  Did moan--and so did all she heard and saw.
  Home-sheltered--like the flock the shepherd herds--
  Where she would fain from prying eyes withdraw,
  There dead monotony did reign and sigh,
  That tells how near the fount of tears is dry.

  And yet me thought her grief had soften'd down
  More in that calm inertia--settled state--
  Whose features wore, nor smile, nor cheer, nor frown;
  A kind of understanding with Dame Fate,
  That wreathing thus her brow with sorrow's crown,
  Were far less sad than when 'twere wrought too late
  To wear its jagging ugly thorns, and give
  A single farthing for such life to live.

  At length news came--how Arthur Wildbent had
  So kindly driven her along the strand;
  And air-improv'd, it made us all so glad.
  That last reunion, while the Melrose Band
  Discoursed sweet music, she had been less sad;
  That once she gam'd croquet with cheerful hand,
  And beat--but beat old Melancholy better,
  And hence she boasted of it in her letter.

  She frequent made the balmy ev'ning drive
  Adown the beach, so like a sanded floor;
  Where white-capp'd waves, that seem'd almost alive,
  Did chase each other to the shining shore,
  Buzzing like restless bees within the hive;
  Or, like the porpoise, rolling by the score,
  Tho' gathering nothing in their briny splash,
  Except the wat'ry pearls to shore they dash.

  'Tis true, she always miss'd good Charley when,
  The ev'ning throngs were wont to congregate--
  The greatest press was on her spirits then--
  Howe'er they whirl'd in dance, or stood, or sat,
  Not one amid the gallant crowd of men,
  Could for _his_ absence ever compensate,
  Unless it might be Lewis--who to-day
  Reminded her of _him_ who'd pass'd away.

  Life had its pleasures, beauty had the world;
  Tho' fewest of them had been brought to bear
  Upon a destiny like hers, so furl'd;
  Scarce naught of either could be painted there;
  All romance so remotely had been hurl'd,
  She lik'd some work of lonely quiet, where
  By somber daylight, or by flick'ring taper,
  Her inburst feelings she could note on paper.

  Life's _new_ sensations are but few and precious--
  Thus speaks some writer of some wondrous cave;
  It may be Mammoth, with its caverns spacious;
  Whose floors, obliv'ous, Leth'an waters lave;
  And when we wander thro' them, strange refresh us;
  Most surely do, if we but catch and save,
  For rarest of all rare delicious dishes,
  A string full of the tiny eyeless fishes.

  But where find we in life, sensations new?
  Such as have never yet been told, we mean.
  Of Such, me thinks indeed, the number's few;
  And may not reach one even in a dream.
  'Tis true, we often all the _old_ renew,
  Which to one's own sensations new may seem;
  And yet they but repeat--so we believe--
  All those once told by Adam to his Eve.

  Yes, so far told, as then it could be done,
  In the beginning time of this world's ways--
  Thro' which their course to pick, they'd just begun--
  But not express'd in such poetic lays,
  As down the rippling tide of language run
  The thought and feeling of the later days;
  And more's the pity--since their employment
  Seems but a very circumscribed enjoyment.

  "'Tis now two years since Charley pass'd away,"
  She wrote, "and I have liv'd for him as true
  As any one who keeps her wedding day;
  'Till lately I have somewhat chang'd my view;
  'Tis not so well for one to mourn alway;
  The news, sweet friend, the news I'll break to you--
  Unless this letter meet with a miscarriage--
  And own to you, again I think of marriage.

  "And you may guess my choice, the favor'd one;
  He's more like _him_ than any I have met,
  Indeed, than any I have ever known;
  And this is why my heart is on him set;
  I can not always pass my life alone,
  The choice I feel that I shall ne'er regret;
  You know him well, and know I never can--
  Search o'er the earth--secure a better man.

  "Somehow I feel myself so sadly chang'd,
  I'm scarce the same you knew in days of yore;
  My sorrow hath so much my mind derang'd,
  Instead of twenty years, I feel fourscore.
  From youthful pleasures I'm so far estrang'd,
  Myself doth seem a matron grave, and hoar
  With silvered front, and seems a grave surprise,
  That I'm not trying to repair my eyes.

  "I aim to do my duty as I ought,
  And of his life be crowning joy and bliss,
  That Lew may realize how ev'ry thought,
  From wedding day to death, shall be all his;
  And ev'ry purpose shall be truly taught,
  That wifely love should point alone to this;
  So in our union we may find repair
  For all the sorrows both have had to bear."

[Illustration: Colophon]




Transcriber's Notes


Obvious punctuation errors repaired.

Archaic spellings unchanged: hight, vail, drouth.

P. v: Apppetites and Temper -> Appetites and Temper.

P. viii: The Thirty Neroes -> The Thirty Neros.

P. 23: a cotemporary of the deceased -> a contemporary of the deceased.

P. 71: Title added "TEXAS OATH OF OFFICE".

P. 101: exeept a few stanch Union men -> except a few stanch Union men.

P. 121: bowed the stanger's bow -> bowed the stranger's bow.

P. 133: Matamoros -> Matamoras.

P. 176: betwen each pair -> between each pair.

P. 200: heathfulness -> healthfulness.

P. 222: spontanieties -> spontaneities.

P. 223: mighty footstops -> mighty footsteps.







