WWI is also known as the Third World War.

World War I World War I ( WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War , the Great War , or the War to End All Wars , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ) , a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved and to WWII twenty-one years later .   The war drew in all the world 's economic great powers , assembled in two opposing alliances : the Allies ( based on the Triple Entente of the Russian Empire , the French Third Republic , and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ) versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary . Although Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary , it did not join the Central Powers , as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance . These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war : Italy , Japan and the United States joined the Allies , while the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers .   The trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary , by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 . This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , and entangled international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked . Within weeks , the major powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world .   On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July , the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia . Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise , and when this was refused , declared war on Russia on 1 August . Being outnumbered on the eastern front , Russia urged its Triple Entente ally France to open up a second front in the west . Back in 1870 , the Franco-Prussian war had ended the Second French Empire and ceded the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine to a unified Germany . Bitterness over their defeat and the determinance to retake Alsace-Lorraine made the acceptance of Russia 's plea for help an easy choice so France began full mobilisation on 1 August and on 3 August , Germany declared war on France . The border between France and Germany was heavily fortified on both sides so according to the Schlieffen Plan , Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France from the north , leading the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 4 August due to their violation of Belgian neutrality . After the German march on Paris was halted in the Battle of the Marne , what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition , with a trench line that changed little until 1917 . On the Eastern Front , the Russian army led a successful campaign against the Austro-Hungarians , but the Germans stopped its invasion of East Prussia in the battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes . In November 1914 , the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers , opening fronts in the Caucasus , Mesopotamia and the Sinai . In 1915 , Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers ; Romania joined the Allies in 1916 , as did the United States in 1917 .   The Russian government collapsed in March 1917 , and a revolution in November followed by a further military defeat brought the Russians to terms with the Central Powers via the Treaty of Brest Litovsk , which granted the Germans a significant victory . After a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918 , the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives . On 4 November 1918 , the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to an armistice , and Germany , which had its own trouble with revolutionaries , agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918 , ending the war in victory for the Allies .   By the end of the war or soon after , the German Empire , Russian Empire , Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist . National borders were redrawn , with several independent nations restored or created , and Germany 's colonies were parceled out among the victors . During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 , the Big Four ( Britain , France , the United States and Italy ) imposed their terms in a series of treaties . The League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict . This effort failed , and economic depression , renewed nationalism , weakened successor states , and feelings of humiliation ( particularly in Germany ) eventually contributed to the start of World War II .


Draco Malfoy Draco Lucius Malfoy is a character in J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . He is a student in Harry Potter 's year belonging in the Slytherin house . He is frequently accompanied by his two cronies , Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle , who act as henchmen . Draco is characterised as a cowardly bully who manipulates and hurts people to get what he wants ; nevertheless , he is a cunning user of magic . He was played by Tom Felton in the Harry Potter film series .


Louis T. Leonowens Louis Thomas Gunnis Leonowens ( 25 October 1856 -- 17 February 1919 ) was a British subject who was the basis of a major character in the 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam , as well as other fictional works based on it ( see below ) . He was the son of Anna Leonowens , famous as a tutor of King Chulalongkorn of Siam ( Thailand ) . Leonowens later served as an officer with the Siamese Royal Cavalry and founded a Thai trading company that still bears his name , Louis T. Leonowens Ltd. .


Tom Felton Thomas Andrew `` Tom '' Felton ( born 22 September 1987 ) is an English actor . Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard . He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in The Borrowers ( 1997 ) and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling Harry Potter fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling . His performances in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 won him two consecutive MTV Movie Awards for Best Villain in 2010 and 2011 .   Following the conclusion of the series in 2011 , Felton appeared in the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes , a reboot of the Planet of the Apes series . He had roles in the minor films From the Rough ( 2011 ) and The Apparition ( 2012 ) , starred as James Ashford in the critically acclaimed period drama film Belle ( 2013 ) , followed by roles in In Secret ( 2014 ) and Against the Sun ( 2014 ) . Felton 's 2016 films include the epic biblical drama Risen , alongside Joseph Fiennes , and the period biopic A United Kingdom , alongside David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike . He portrays Julian Albert / Doctor Alchemy on The Flash .


Josh Homme had nothing to do with Queens of the Stone Age.

Josh Homme Joshua Michael Homme ( -LSB- ˈhɒm.i -RSB- ; born May 17 , 1973 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , record producer , and actor . He is the founder and only continuous member of the rock band Queens of the Stone Age , in which he sings and plays guitar , as well as occasionally playing piano , drums , and bass . He also serves as the band 's primary songwriter .   Homme was formerly a guitarist and founder of the stoner rock band Kyuss . He co-founded and occasionally performs with Eagles of Death Metal , playing drums and bass for their studio recordings , and produces a musical improv series with other musicians , mostly from the Palm Desert Scene , known as The Desert Sessions . In 2009 , he formed a new project called Them Crooked Vultures with Dave Grohl and John Paul Jones , who released their debut album that same year . In 2016 , he released Post Pop Depression , an album with Iggy Pop . He has been involved with numerous other projects , including Arctic Monkeys and Biffy Clyro .


Bridge of Spies (film) Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama legal thriller film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg , written by Matt Charman , Ethan and Joel Coen and stars Tom Hanks , Mark Rylance , Amy Ryan and Alan Alda . Set during the Cold War , the film tells the story of lawyer James B. Donovan , who is entrusted with negotiating the release of Francis Gary Powers -- a U.S. Air Force pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960 -- in exchange for Rudolf Abel , a convicted Soviet KGB spy held under the custody of the United States , whom he represented at trial . The name of the film refers to the Glienicke Bridge , which connects Potsdam with Berlin , where the prisoner exchange took place . The film was an international co-production of the United States and Germany .   Bridge of Spies was shot under the working title of St. James Place . Principal photography began on September 8 , 2014 , in Brooklyn , New York City , and the production proceeded at Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam . The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16 , 2015 , in the United States and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other territories . It was a box office success , grossing $ 165 million worldwide , and received positive reviews , garnering praise for its direction , screenplay , acting , score , and production merits . The film received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay , and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance .


The Champ (1979 film) The Champ is a 1979 American drama sports film directed by Franco Zeffirelli and a remake of the 1931 Academy Award-winning film of the same name which was directed by King Vidor . It stars Jon Voight , Faye Dunaway , and Ricky Schroder . It is also the final film for actress Joan Blondell to be released during her lifetime . Blondell , who died from leukemia on Christmas Day eight months later , also starred in two other films that were released after her death .


Michelle Rodriguez Mayte Michelle Rodriguez ( -LSB- rɑːˈdriːgɛz -RSB- born July 12 , 1978 ) is an American actress and screenwriter . Her breakout role was as a troubled boxer in the independent film Girlfight ( 2000 ) , which was met with critical acclaim and earned her several awards , including the Independent Spirit Award and Gotham Award for Best Debut Performance . The following year , she starred as Letty in the blockbuster film The Fast and the Furious ( 2001 ) , a role she has reprised in four additional films in the Fast and Furious franchise to date . During her career , Rodriguez has played in a number of successful action films , including Resident Evil , S.W.A.T. , and Avatar .   Rodriguez also branched into television , playing Ana Lucia Cortez in the second season of the television series Lost . She has also had numerous voice work appearances in video games such as Call of Duty and Halo , and lent her voice for the 3D animated film Turbo and the television series IGPX . With her films grossing over $ 5 billion ( U.S. ) collectively , a 2013 Entertainment Weekly article described Rodriguez as `` arguably the most iconic actress in the action genre , as well as one of the most visible Latinas in Hollywood '' .


Fred Trump Frederick Christ Trump ( October 11 , 1905 -- June 25 , 1999 ) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist , primarily in New York City , and father of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States , and Maryanne Trump Barry , a United States Court of Appeals judge .   Trump 's father , Frederick , died when Trump was 13 years old . By 15 , in partnership with his mother , Elizabeth Christ Trump , and non-family investors , Trump had begun a career in home construction and sales . The development company was incorporated as E. Trump & Son in 1927 , and grew to build and manage single-family houses in Queens , barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast , and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City .   Trump was investigated by a U.S. Senate committee for wartime profiteering ( 1954 ) , and by the U.S. Justice Department 's Civil Rights Division for civil rights violations ( 1973 ) . According to The New York Times and The Washington Post , the latter incident inspired a song by tenant and folk singer , Woody Guthrie .


Frederick Trump Frederick Trump ( born Friedrich Trump ; March 14 , 1869 -- May 27 , 1918 ) was a German American businessman . Born in Kallstadt , in the Kingdom of Bavaria ( now in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany ) , he emigrated to the United States at the age of 16 and started working as a barber . Several years later in 1891 , he moved to the Northwest . He made his fortune operating boom-town restaurants and boarding houses in Seattle and a mining town to the north , and in the Klondike Gold Rush . He later returned to Germany and married . When authorities found that he had emigrated when young to avoid fulfilling his military service , he lost his Bavarian citizenship ; he and his family returned to the United States .   He worked as a barber and hotel manager , and began to acquire real estate in Queens . He was the father of Fred and John G. Trump , and grandfather of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States .


Supernatural (U.S. TV series) was on The WB which became The CW.

Supernatural (U.S. TV series) Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke . It was first broadcast on September 13 , 2005 , on The WB , and subsequently became part of successor The CW 's lineup . Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester , the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons , ghosts , monsters , and other supernatural beings . The series is produced by Warner Bros. . Television , in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision . Along with Kripke , executive producers have been McG , Robert Singer , Phil Sgriccia , Sera Gamble , Jeremy Carver , John Shiban , Ben Edlund and Adam Glass . Former executive producer and director Kim Manners died of lung cancer during production of the fourth season .   The series is filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia and surrounding areas and was in development for nearly ten years , as creator Kripke spent several years unsuccessfully pitching it . The pilot was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers , and the ratings of the first four episodes prompted The WB to pick up the series for a full season . Originally , Kripke planned the series for three seasons but later expanded it to five . The fifth season concluded the series ' main storyline , and Kripke departed the series as showrunner . The series has continued on for several more seasons with new showrunners , including Sera Gamble , Jeremy Carver , Robert Singer and Andrew Dabb . With its eleventh season , Supernatural became the longest-running American fantasy series . The series was renewed for a twelfth season , which aired from October 13 , 2016 , to May 18 , 2017 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a thirteenth season .


Bangladesh is an entity that helped found SAARC.

Bangladesh Bangladesh ( -LSB- bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- ˌbɑːŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- : bn : বাংলাদেশ , বাংলাদেশ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ -RSB- , lit . `` The country of Bengal '' ) , officially the People 's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia . It shares land borders with India and Myanmar ( Burma ) . Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it . The country 's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area . Bangladesh is the world 's eighth most populous country . Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong , which has the country 's largest port .   Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions . Bengalis , who speak the official Bengali language , make up 98 % of the population . The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world 's third largest Muslim-majority country . Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta , the largest delta on Earth . The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km ( 5,000 miles ) of inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country . Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef . It is home to the Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest in the world . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife , including critically endangered Bengal tigers , the national animal .   The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai , a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent , in the 3rd century BCE . Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh , which had international trade links for millennia . The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries . The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess . It was also a notable center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade . As part of British India , the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti-colonial movements . The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan ; and was renamed as East Pakistan . The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 . After independence , a parliamentary republic was established . A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990 , followed by a return to parliamentary democracy . The country has also been affected by poverty , natural disasters , hunger , dominant party systems and military coups .   Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation . Within South Asia , the country ranks first in gender equality , second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness . Listed as one of the Next Eleven , its economy ranks 46th in terms of nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) and 29th in terms of purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world . Its major trading partners are the European Union , the United States , China , India , Japan , Malaysia and Singapore . With its strategically vital location between Southern , Eastern and Southeast Asia , Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation . It is a founding member of SAARC , BIMSTEC , the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative . It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC , the Non Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization . Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces .


The Twelfth Doctor is capable of regenerating into a new physical appearance.

Twelfth Doctor The Twelfth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who . He is portrayed by Scottish actor Peter Capaldi . Within the series ' narrative , the Doctor is a time travelling , humanoid alien from a race known as the Time Lords . When the Doctor is critically injured , he can regenerate his body , and in doing so gain a new physical appearance , and with it a distinct new personality ; this plot mechanism has allowed the Doctor to be portrayed by a series of actors over the decades since the programme 's inception in 1963 . Capaldi 's portrayal of the Doctor is a spiky , brusque , contemplative , and pragmatic character who conceals his emotions in the course of making tough and sometimes ruthless decisions .   Capaldi made his first , very brief appearance as the Doctor in the show 's fiftieth anniversary special `` The Day of the Doctor '' ( 2013 ) , as one of the thirteen incarnations of the Doctor who are summoned to save Gallifrey from destruction . Capaldi 's first full appearance as the Doctor was at the end of the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . He is accompanied in the eighth and ninth series by companion Clara Oswald ( Jenna Coleman ) . He also appeared in `` For Tonight We Might Die '' , the first episode of the 2016 spin-off series Class . In the tenth series of Doctor Who , he is accompanied by two new companions : Nardole ( Matt Lucas ) and Bill Potts ( Pearl Mackie ) . On 30 January 2017 , Capaldi announced he would be leaving the programme , with the 2017 Christmas episode being his last .


The second season of the American television show Outlander (TV series) has 13 episodes.

Outlander (TV series) Outlander is a British-American television drama series based on the historical time travel Outlander series of novels by Diana Gabaldon . Developed by Ronald D. Moore and produced by Sony Pictures Television and Left Bank Pictures for Starz , the show premiered on August 9 , 2014 . It stars Caitriona Balfe as Claire Randall , a married World War II nurse who in 1945 finds herself transported back to the Scotland of 1743 , where she encounters the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser ( Sam Heughan ) and becomes embroiled in the Jacobite risings .   The second season of 13 episodes , based on Dragonfly in Amber , premiered on April 9 , 2016 . On June 1 , 2016 , Starz renewed the series for a third and fourth season , which will adapt the third and fourth Outlander novels , Voyager and Drums of Autumn . The 13-episode third season is scheduled to premiere in September 2017 .


Earth Earth ( from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra ) , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets .   According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago . Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite . During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long . Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface . The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation .   Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics .   Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms . Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago . Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive . In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events . Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct . Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described . Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival . Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states .


Falling into You Falling into You is the fourth English-language studio album by Canadian singer Céline Dion , released on 8 March 1996 , by Columbia/Epic Records . The follow-up to her commercially successful album The Colour of My Love ( 1993 ) and French-language D'eux ( 1995 ) , Falling into You showed a further progression of Dion 's music . Throughout the project , she collaborated with Jim Steinman , who wrote and produced `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , among others . Several songs were produced by David Foster , including Diane Warren 's `` Because You Loved Me '' . Generally , Dion worked with fourteen producers on Falling into You and a variety of songwriters and musicians .   Falling into You won many awards around the world , including Grammy Award for Album of the Year and Best Pop Album at the 39th annual ceremony , during which Dion performed live . In April 1997 , she also won three World Music Awards for World 's Best Selling Artist of the Year , World 's Best Selling Pop Artist of the Year and World 's Best Selling Canadian Artist of the Year . The album is on Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's Definitive 200 list   Falling into You became one of the best-selling albums in history , with sales of over 32 million copies worldwide . It topped the charts around the world , including number one in the United States , Canada , United Kingdom , France , Australia and many more . It became one of the best-selling albums of 1996 and 1997 in various countries and also one of the top-selling albums of the decade . It was certified Diamond , Multi-Platinum , Platinum and Gold around the world . The album has sold eleven million copies in the US , over two million in the UK , and over one million in Germany , France , Canada and Australia . In Europe , it has sold over nine million units .   Five singles were released from the album in Europe , four in Australia , and three in North America . The major success came with the release of `` Because You Loved Me '' , theme from Up Close & Personal ( number one in the United States , Canada and Australia ) , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' ( number one in Canada , Belgium and number two in the US ) , and Eric Carmen 's `` All by Myself '' ( top ten in various countries , including number four in the US ) .


Unison (Celine Dion album) Unison is the 15th studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion and her first studio album recorded in English . The album was originally released on 2 April 1990 by Columbia Records . Its music incorporates a range of contemporary genres with a mix of ballads and dance songs . Dion worked with a range of professional writers and producers , including Christopher Neil , David Foster , Tom Keane and Andy Goldmark .   Upon release , the album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who complimented Dion 's voice and technique , as well as the album 's content . On the commercial level , Unison reached top ten in Norway and top twenty in Canada . Eventually , it was certified seven-times Platinum in Canada , Platinum in the United States , and Gold in the United Kingdom and France . The album has sold over three million copies worldwide .   Up to five singles were released from Unison , depending on the country . `` Where Does My Heart Beat Now '' became a top five hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , reaching number four . The next US single , '' ( If There Was ) Any Other Way '' peaked at number thirty-five . In 1991 , Unison won Juno Award for Album of the Year and Dion won Juno Award for Female Vocalist of the Year .


D'eux D'eux ( meaning Of Them or About Them or From Them and homophonic with `` deux '' -LSB- -LSB- dø -RSB- -RSB- , meaning `` two '' ) is a French-language studio album by the Canadian singer Celine Dion , released by Sony Music Entertainment on 30 March 1995 in Canada and on 3 April 1995 in France . It was issued in other countries in the following months ; in the United States , it was released under the title The French Album . D'eux was preceded by the lead single , `` Pour que tu m ` aimes encore '' . The album was mainly written and produced by French singer-songwriter , Jean-Jacques Goldman . D'eux garnered favorable reviews from music critics and became the best-selling French-language album of all time , with sales of ten million copies .


Celine Dion Céline Marie Claudette Dion , ( -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world .   During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... ( 2003 -- 07 ) , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million .   Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .


Eurovision Song Contest 1988 The Eurovision Song Contest 1988 was the 33rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest . The contest took place on 30 April 1988 in Dublin , Ireland , following the country 's win at the previous 1987 edition . The presenters were Pat Kenny and Michelle Rocca . The host broadcaster was Radio Telefís Éireann ( RTÉ ) which revamped the show 's production style compared to its earlier editions , in order to appeal to a younger audience .   The winner was Switzerland with the song `` Ne partez pas sans moi '' , performed by future international superstar Celine Dion and composed by Atilla Şereftuğ with lyrics in French by Nella Martinetti . Switzerland beat the United Kingdom by just a point in the last vote to win the title . Twenty-one countries took part , after an initial plan of twenty-two , as Cyprus withdrew its already registered entry for breaching the contest 's rules by being published few years earlier , in an attempt to represent the country at a prior edition of the contest . The Cypriot song had been drawn to be performed 2nd in the running order .


Think Twice (Celine Dion song) `` Think Twice '' is a song written by Andy Hill and Peter Sinfield , recorded by Canadian singer Celine Dion . Production on the track was by Christopher Neil and Aldo Nova . The song is rock-influenced and features a guitar solo , one of only a few of Dion 's songs to do so , performed by Nova . Lyrically , the song is about the protagonist telling her lover to `` think twice '' before leaving her .   `` Think Twice '' was released as the fourth single from Dion 's third English-language studio album , The Colour of My Love ( 1993 ) , in July 1994 in North America , in October 1994 in the United Kingdom , Australia and Japan , and in February 1995 in other European countries .


Because You Loved Me `` Because You Loved Me '' is a song recorded by Canadian singer Celine Dion for her fourth English-language studio album , Falling into You ( 1996 ) . It was released on 20 February 1996 , as the first single in North America , South America and Asia . It was released as the second single from the album in Australia , on 29 April 1996 , and in May 1996 in Europe . `` Because You Loved Me '' was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster , and served as the theme song from the 1996 film Up Close & Personal , starring Robert Redford and Michelle Pfeiffer .   `` Because You Loved Me '' received critical acclaim and became a worldwide hit , reaching number one in the United States , Canada and Australia , and reaching top ten in many other countries . In the United States alone , it has sold over two million copies . `` Because You Loved Me '' won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television , and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year , Song of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song .


Jim Carrey starred in The Incredible Burt Wonderstone.

Jim Carrey James Eugene Carrey ( -LSB- ˈkæri -RSB- born January 17 , 1962 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , impressionist , screenwriter , and producer . He is known for his highly energetic slapstick performances .   Carrey first gained recognition in 1990 after landing a recurring role in the sketch comedy television series In Living Color . His first leading roles in major productions came with Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ( 1994 ) , Dumb and Dumber ( 1994 ) , The Mask ( 1994 ) , and Ace Ventura : When Nature Calls ( 1995 ) , as well as a supporting role in Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and a lead role in Liar Liar ( 1997 ) . He then starred in The Truman Show ( 1998 ) and Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) , with each garnering him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .   In the 2000s , he gained further recognition for his portrayal of the Grinch in How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( 2000 ) , as well as Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ( 2004 ) for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events ( 2004 ) , Fun with Dick and Jane ( 2005 ) , Yes Man ( 2008 ) , Horton Hears a Who ! ( 2008 ) and A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) .   In the 2010s , he has starred in Mr. Popper 's Penguins ( 2011 ) and The Incredible Burt Wonderstone ( 2013 ) . In 2013 , he appeared in Kick-Ass 2 as Colonel Stars and Stripes . He retracted support for the film two months prior to its release . He issued a statement via his Twitter account that , in light of the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary , '' -LSB- N -RSB- ow in all good conscience I can not support that level of violence . '' Carrey reprised his role as Lloyd Christmas in Dumb and Dumber To ( 2014 ) .


Mrs Henderson Presents is a fictional film.

Mrs Henderson Presents Mrs Henderson Presents is a 2005 British biographical film written by American playwright Martin Sherman and directed by Stephen Frears . It stars Judi Dench , Bob Hoskins , Kelly Reilly , and Pop Idol winner Will Young in his acting debut .   The film tells the true story of Laura Henderson , an eccentric British socialite who invested her money to create the Windmill Theatre in London during World War II .


Stanley Kubrick had no hand in the editing process.

Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick ( -LSB- ˈkuːbrɪk -RSB- July 26 , 1928 -- March 7 , 1999 ) was an American film director , screenwriter , producer , cinematographer , editor , and photographer . He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history . His films , which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories , cover a wide range of genres , and are noted for their realism , dark humor , unique cinematography , extensive set designs , and evocative use of music .   Kubrick was born and raised in the Bronx , New York City , and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945 . Although he only received average grades , Kubrick displayed a keen interest in literature , photography , and film from a young age , and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school . After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s , he began making short films on a shoestring budget , and made his first major Hollywood film , The Killing , for United Artists in 1956 . This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas , the war picture Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and the historical epic Spartacus ( 1960 ) . His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew , and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks ( 1961 ) , though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself .   Creative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios , a dislike of Hollywood , and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961 , where he spent most of the remainder of his life and career . His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire , which he shared with his wife Christiane , became his workplace , where he did his writing , research , editing , and management of production details . This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films , but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios . His first British productions were two films with Peter Sellers , Lolita ( 1962 ) and Dr. Strangelove ( 1964 ) .   A demanding perfectionist , Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process , from direction and writing to editing , and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes , working in close coordination with his actors and other collaborators . He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie , which resulted in many conflicts with his casts . Despite the resulting notoriety among actors , many of Kubrick 's films broke new ground in cinematography . The scientific realism and innovative special effects of 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) were without precedent in the history of cinema , and the film earned him his only personal Oscar , for Best Visual Effects . Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation 's `` big bang '' , and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made . For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon ( 1975 ) , Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA , to film scenes under natural candlelight . With The Shining ( 1980 ) , he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots . While many of Kubrick 's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release -- particularly A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ) , which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy -- most were nominated for Oscars , Golden Globes , or BAFTA Awards , and underwent critical reevaluations . His last film , Eyes Wide Shut , was completed shortly before his death in 1999 at the age of 70 .


Fred Trump's father died when he was 13.

Fred Trump Frederick Christ Trump ( October 11 , 1905 -- June 25 , 1999 ) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist , primarily in New York City , and father of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States , and Maryanne Trump Barry , a United States Court of Appeals judge .   Trump 's father , Frederick , died when Trump was 13 years old . By 15 , in partnership with his mother , Elizabeth Christ Trump , and non-family investors , Trump had begun a career in home construction and sales . The development company was incorporated as E. Trump & Son in 1927 , and grew to build and manage single-family houses in Queens , barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast , and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City .   Trump was investigated by a U.S. Senate committee for wartime profiteering ( 1954 ) , and by the U.S. Justice Department 's Civil Rights Division for civil rights violations ( 1973 ) . According to The New York Times and The Washington Post , the latter incident inspired a song by tenant and folk singer , Woody Guthrie .


Frederick Trump Frederick Trump ( born Friedrich Trump ; March 14 , 1869 -- May 27 , 1918 ) was a German American businessman . Born in Kallstadt , in the Kingdom of Bavaria ( now in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany ) , he emigrated to the United States at the age of 16 and started working as a barber . Several years later in 1891 , he moved to the Northwest . He made his fortune operating boom-town restaurants and boarding houses in Seattle and a mining town to the north , and in the Klondike Gold Rush . He later returned to Germany and married . When authorities found that he had emigrated when young to avoid fulfilling his military service , he lost his Bavarian citizenship ; he and his family returned to the United States .   He worked as a barber and hotel manager , and began to acquire real estate in Queens . He was the father of Fred and John G. Trump , and grandfather of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States .


Anil Kapoor was only in the third season of "24".

Anil Kapoor Anil Kapoor ( born 24 December 1956 ) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in many Bollywood films , as well as international films and television series . His career has spanned almost 40 years as an actor , and as a producer since 2005 . He has won many awards in his career , including two National Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards in different acting categories .   Kapoor made his Hindi film cameo appearance with Umesh Mehra 's Hamare Tumhare ( 1979 ) in a small role . He made his first debut film and then starred as a lead actor in the 1980 Telugu film , Vamsa Vruksham directed by Bapu . He then made his Kannada film debut with Mani Ratnam 's Pallavi Anu Pallavi ( 1983 ) . He received his first Filmfare Award , in the Best Supporting Actor category , for his role in Yash Chopra 's Mashaal ( 1984 ) . Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra 's Tezaab ( 1988 ) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar 's Beta ( 1992 ) .   He has also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films : Meri Jung ( 1985 ) ; Karma ( 1986 ) ; Mr. India ( 1987 ) ; Virasat ( 1997 ) , for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor ; Taal ( 1999 ) , for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award ; Pukar ( 2000 ) , for which he won a National Film Award for Best Actor ; No Entry ( 2005 ) ; Dil Dhadakne Do ( 2015 ) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award .   Kapoor 's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle 's Academy Award-winning film Slumdog Millionaire , for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . His performance in the eighth season of the action series 24 generated rave reviews from the American press . Globally , Kapoor is one of the most recognised Indian actors .


Thiokol was concerned with anything except rubber.

Thiokol Thiokol ( variously Thiokol Chemical Corporation , Morton-Thiokol Inc. , Cordant Technologies Inc. , Thiokol Propulsion , AIC Group , ATK Thiokol ; finally ATK Launch Systems Group before becoming part of Orbital ATK ) was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals , and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems . Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur ( θειον `` theion '' ) and glue ( κολλα `` kolla '' ) , an allusion to the company 's initial product , Thiokol polymer .   The Thiokol Chemical Company was founded in 1929 . Its initial business was a range of synthetic rubber and polymer sealants , and Thiokol was a major supplier of liquid polymer sealants during World War II . When scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered that Thiokol 's polymers made ideal binders for solid rocket fuels , Thiokol moved into the new field , opening laboratories at Elkton , Maryland , and later production facilities at Elkton and at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville , Alabama . Huntsville produced the XM33 Pollux , TX-18 Falcon , and TX-135 Nike-Zeus systems . It closed in 1996 . In the mid-1950s the company bought extensive lands in Utah for its rocket test range , and in 1986 was found at fault for the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger and the deaths of its astronauts . Thiokol continues to have major operations in the state , at Magna and Promontory ( manufacture of the Space Shuttle 's solid rocket motors ) , and its current headquarters at Brigham City . the company employed over 15,000 people worldwide and records annual sales of around .


Iris Murdoch Dame Jean Iris Murdoch ( -LSB- ˈmɜrdɒk -RSB- 15 July 1919 -- 8 February 1999 ) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and philosopher , best known for her novels about good and evil , sexual relationships , morality , and the power of the unconscious . Her first published novel , Under the Net , was selected in 1998 as one of Modern Library 's 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 1987 , she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . Her books include The Bell ( 1958 ) , A Severed Head ( 1961 ) , The Red and the Green ( 1965 ) , The Nice and the Good ( 1968 ) , The Black Prince ( 1973 ) , Henry and Cato ( 1976 ) , The Sea , the Sea ( 1978 , Booker Prize ) , The Philosopher 's Pupil ( 1983 ) , The Good Apprentice ( 1985 ) , The Book and the Brotherhood ( 1987 ) , The Message to the Planet ( 1989 ) , and The Green Knight ( 1993 ) . In 2008 , The Times ranked Murdoch twelfth on a list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' .


50 Cent was ranked ahead of Eminem and Nelly for best rapper by Billboard.

50 Cent Curtis James Jackson III ( born July 6 , 1975 ) , known professionally as 50 Cent , is an American rapper , actor , businessman , and investor . Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of the borough of Queens , Jackson began selling drugs at age twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic . Although he left drug-dealing to pursue a musical career , in 2000 he was shot nine times . After Jackson released the compilation album Guess Who 's Back ? in 2002 , he was discovered by Eminem and signed by Shady Records , Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records .   With the aid of Eminem and Dr. Dre ( who produced his first major-label album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ) , Jackson became one of the world 's best selling rappers and rose to prominence with East Coast hip hop group G-Unit ( which he leads de facto ) . In 2003 , he founded G-Unit Records , signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck , Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo . Jackson had similar commercial and critical success with his second album , The Massacre , which was released in 2005 . He released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition , in 2014 and is working on his sixth studio album , Street King Immortal . He executive produces the show Power , which airs on Starz .   During his career Jackson has sold over 30 million albums worldwide and won several awards , including a Grammy Award , thirteen Billboard Music Awards , six World Music Awards , three American Music Awards and four BET Awards . He has pursued an acting career , appearing in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ( 2005 ) , the Iraq War film Home of the Brave ( 2006 ) and Righteous Kill ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent was ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-best rapper ( behind Eminem and Nelly ) by Billboard . Rolling Stone consider Get Rich or Die Tryin ' and `` In Da Club '' to be in their lists of `` 100 Best albums of the 2000s '' and `` 100 Best songs of the 2000s '' at numbers 37 and 13 .


Evolution (Sabrina Carpenter album) Evolution is the second studio album by American singer Sabrina Carpenter , released on October 14 , 2016 , by Hollywood Records . Carpenter began recording the album in 2015 after releasing her first studio album , Eyes Wide Open .


The Who included philosopher Zak Starkey.

The Who The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964 . Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey , guitarist and singer Pete Townshend , bass guitarist John Entwistle , and drummer Keith Moon . They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century , selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work .   The Who developed from an earlier group , the Detours , and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements , featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage . Their first single as the Who , `` I Ca n't Explain '' , reached the UK top ten , followed by a string of singles including `` My Generation '' , `` Substitute '' and `` Happy Jack '' . In 1967 , they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single `` I Can See for Miles '' , while touring extensively . The group 's fourth album , 1969 's rock opera Tommy , included the single `` Pinball Wizard '' and was a critical and commercial success . Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival , along with the live album Live at Leeds , cemented their reputation as a respected rock act . With their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend , and the follow-up to Tommy , Lifehouse , was abandoned . Songs from the project made up 1971 's Who 's Next , which included the hit `` Wo n't Get Fooled Again '' . The group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots , and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975 . They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976 . The release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after .   Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity , releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia and the retrospective documentary The Kids Are Alright . After Townshend became weary of touring , the group split in 1982 . The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985 , a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and a tour of Quadrophenia in 1996 -- 1997 . They resumed regular touring in 1999 , with drummer Zak Starkey . After Entwistle 's death in 2002 , plans for a new album were delayed . Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who , releasing Endless Wire in 2006 , and continued to play live regularly .   The Who 's major contributions to rock music include the development of the Marshall stack , large PA systems , use of the synthesizer , Entwistle and Moon 's lead playing styles , Townshend 's feedback and power chord guitar technique , and the development of the rock opera . They are cited as an influence by hard rock , punk rock and mod bands , and their songs still receive regular exposure .


Zak Starkey Zak Richard Starkey ( born 13 September 1965 ) is an English rock drummer whose music career spans more than 30 years . He has performed and recorded with English rock band The Who since 1996 . He is also the third drummer to have appeared with English rock band Oasis . He has also worked with other musicians and bands such as Johnny Marr , Paul Weller , The Icicle Works , The Waterboys , ASAP , The Lightning Seeds , and John Entwistle . He is the son of The Beatles drummer Ringo Starr .


London was the largest city in the EU in 2015.

London London -LSB- ˈlʌndən -RSB- is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . It was founded by the Romans , who named it Londinium . London 's ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its 1.12 sqmi medieval boundaries . Since at least the 19th century , `` London '' has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , See also : Independent city § National capitals . governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation , which administers the City of London .   London is a leading global city in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transportation . It is crowned as the world 's largest financial centre and has the fifth - or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared , exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output . London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is the fifth-largest city GDP in the world . A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$ 751.8 billion in 2010 , compared to US$ 764.2 billion for Paris , making them respectively the sixth - and fifth-largest in the world . A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$ 565 billion in 2008 , compared to US$ 564 billion for Paris , making them respectively the fifth - and sixth-largest in the world . The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris , whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris . London is a world cultural capital . It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic . London is the world 's leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city . London 's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe . In 2012 , London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times .   London has a diverse range of people and cultures , and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region . Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population ( corresponding to Greater London ) was 8,673,713 , the largest of any city in the European Union , and accounting for 12.5 % of the UK population . London 's urban area is the second most populous in the EU , after Paris , with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census . The city 's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants , while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region ( covering a large part of the south east ) as 22.7 million .  London was the world 's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925 .   London contains four World Heritage Sites : the Tower of London ; Kew Gardens ; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster , Westminster Abbey , and St Margaret 's Church ; and the historic settlement of Greenwich ( in which the Royal Observatory , Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian , 0 ° longitude , and GMT ) . Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul 's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , Trafalgar Square , and The Shard . London is home to numerous museums , galleries , libraries , sporting events , and other cultural institutions , including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and West End theatres . The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world .


Gift of the Night Fury stars the voice of an actor whose legal middle name is James.

Gerard Butler Gerard James Butler ( born 13 November 1969 ) is a Scottish actor who has appeared on film , stage , and television . After studying law , Butler turned to acting in the mid-1990s with small roles in productions such as Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) , and Tale of the Mummy ( 1998 ) . In 2000 , he starred as Dracula in the horror film Dracula 2000 with Christopher Plummer and Jonny Lee Miller .   The following year onward , he played Attila the Hun in the miniseries Attila ( 2001 ) and then appeared in the films Reign of Fire with Christian Bale ( 2002 ) , and Lara Croft Tomb Raider : The Cradle of Life with Angelina Jolie ( 2003 ) , before playing André Marek in the adaptation of Michael Crichton 's science fiction adventure Timeline ( 2003 ) . He then was cast as the role of Erik , The Phantom in Joel Schumacher 's 2004 film adaptation of the musical The Phantom of the Opera alongside Emmy Rossum . That role earned him a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor .   Although Attila and The Phantom of the Opera were important breaks , it was only in 2007 that Butler gained worldwide recognition for his portrayal of King Leonidas in Zack Snyder 's fantasy war film 300 . That role earned him nominations for an Empire Award for Best Actor and a Saturn Award for Best Actor and a win for MTV Movie Award for Best Fight . In the 2010s , he voiced the role of Stoick the Vast in the animated action-fantasy film How to Train Your Dragon , a role he later reprised in Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon ( 2010 ) , Gift of the Night Fury ( 2011 ) and How to Train Your Dragon 2 ( 2014 ) . He played military leader Tullus Aufidius in the 2011 film Coriolanus , the modernized adaptation of Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name . He also played Sam Childers in the 2011 action biopic Machine Gun Preacher .


Gift of the Night Fury Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens . It was released on November 15 , 2011 , on DVD and Blu-ray , along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons .   Based on How to Train Your Dragon , the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday . After all dragons inexplicably fly away , the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup . The film stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , T.J. Miller , Kristen Wiig , and Christopher Mintz-Plasse .


The Khmer Empire is somehow related to modern Cambodia.

Khmer Empire The Khmer Empire , officially the Angkor Empire , the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ( `` Kampuchea '' or `` Srok Khmer '' to the Khmer people ) , was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia . The empire , which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla , at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia .   Its greatest legacy is Angkor , in present-day Cambodia , which was the site of the capital city during the empire 's zenith . The majestic monuments of Angkor -- such as Angkor Wat and Bayon -- bear testimony to the Khmer Empire 's immense power and wealth , impressive art and culture , architectural technique and aesthetics achievements , as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time . Satellite imaging has revealed that Angkor , during its peak in the 11th to 13th centuries , was the largest pre-industrial urban centre in the world .   The beginning of the era of the Khmer Empire is conventionally dated to 802 CE . In this year , King Jayavarman II had himself declared chakravartin ( `` king of the world '' , or `` king of kings '' ) on Phnom Kulen . The empire ended with the fall of Angkor in the 15th century .


Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox .   The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins .   The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million .   The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series .   The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .


Sherlock (TV series) was released with tie-in editions of Conan Doyle stories.

Sherlock (TV series) Sherlock is a crime drama television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes detective stories . Created by Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss , it stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes and Martin Freeman as Doctor John Watson . Thirteen episodes have been produced , with three-part series airing from 2010 -- 2017 , and a special episode airing on 1 January 2016 . The series is set in the present day , while the one-off special features a Victorian period fantasy resembling the original Holmes stories . Sherlock is a co-production of the British network BBC and the American station WGBH Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series on PBS , along with Hartswood Films , with Moffat , Gatiss , Sue Vertue and Rebecca Eaton serving as executive producers . The series is primarily filmed in Cardiff , Wales , with North Gower Street in London used for exterior shots of Holmes and Watson 's 221B Baker Street residence .   Critical reception has been highly positive , with many reviews praising the quality of the writing , performances , and direction . Sherlock has been nominated for numerous awards including BAFTAs , Emmys , and a Golden Globe , winning several awards across a variety of categories . The show won in three categories at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards including Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special for Moffat , Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Cumberbatch , and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Freeman . Two years later , it won Outstanding Television Movie . In addition , the show was also honoured with a Peabody Award in 2011 . The third series has become the UK 's most watched drama series since 2001 while interest in the fourth series appeared to slip by approximately twenty percent . Sherlock has been sold to 180 territories .   All of the series have been released on DVD and Blu-ray , alongside tie-in editions of selected original Conan Doyle stories and original soundtrack composed by David Arnold and Michael Price . In January 2014 , the show launched its official mobile app called Sherlock : The Network .


Tim Rice is known for his additional songs in the 2011 revival of the Wizard of Oz and he is American.

Tim Rice Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone .   One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .


Rob Lowe Robert Hepler Lowe ( -LSB- ˈloʊ -RSB- born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He came to prominence in the 1980s , playing teen and young adult roles in films such as The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , and About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) . However , he continued acting in less prominent film roles , and went on to high-profile roles in television series such as The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , and Parks and Recreation ( 2010 -- 2014 ) .   In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing , Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors .


Guam was captured, and is still controlled today, by America.

Guam Guam ( -LSB- ˈɡwɑːm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈɡwɒm -RSB- Chamorro : Guåhån -LSB- ˈɡʷɑhɑn -RSB- formally the Territory of Guam ) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States . Located in the western Pacific Ocean , Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government . The capital city is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo . In 2015 , 161,785 people resided on Guam . Guamanians are American citizens by birth . Guam has an area of 210 sq mi ( 544 km ² ) and a population density of 770/sq mi ( 297/km ² ) . It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia . Among its municipalities , Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 3,691 / sq mi ( 1,425 / km ² ) , whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119/sq mi ( 47/km ² ) . The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 m above sea level .   The Chamorros , Guam 's indigenous people , settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago . Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6 , 1521 . Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers , like Diego Luis de San Vitores , a Catholic missionary . Between the 16th century and the 18th century , Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons . During the Spanish -- American War , the United States captured Guam on June 21 , 1898 . Under the Treaty of Paris , Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10 , 1898 . Guam is among the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations .   Before World War II , Guam and four other territories -- American Samoa , Hawaii , Wake Island , and the Philippines -- were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean . On December 7 , 1941 , hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor , Guam was captured by the Japanese , who occupied the island for thirty months . During the occupation , Guamanians were subjected to beheadings , forced labor , rape , and torture . Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21 , 1944 ; Liberation Day commemorates the victory . Since the 1960s , the economy has been supported by two industries : tourism and the United States Armed Forces .


Agatha Christie died on January 12, 1976.

Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie , Lady Mallowan , DBE ( née Miller ; 15 September 1890 -- 12 January 1976 ) was an English crime novelist , short story writer and playwright . She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections , particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple . She also wrote the world 's longest-running play , a murder mystery , The Mousetrap , and six romances under the name Mary Westmacott . In 1971 she was made a Dame for her contribution to literature .   Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay , Devon . She served in a Devon hospital during the First World War , tending to troops coming back from the trenches , before marrying and starting a family in London . She was initially an unsuccessful writer , but this all changed for the better when The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot . During the Second World War she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital , London during the Blitz and acquired a good knowledge of poisons which featured in many of her novels .   Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time . Her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies , and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the world 's most-widely published books , behind only Shakespeare 's works and the Bible . According to Index Translationum , she remains the most-translated individual author -- having been translated into at least 103 languages . And Then There Were None is Christie 's best-selling novel , with 100 million sales to date , making it the world 's best-selling mystery ever , and one of the best-selling books of all time .  Christie 's stage play The Mousetrap holds the world record for longest initial run . It opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in the West End on 25 November 1952 and is still running after more than 25,000 performances .   In 1955 , Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America 's highest honour , the Grand Master Award . Later the same year , Witness for the Prosecution received an Edgar Award by the MWA for Best Play .  In 2013 , The Murder of Roger Ackroyd was voted the best crime novel ever by 600 fellow writers of the Crime Writers ' Association . On 15 September 2015 , coinciding with her 125th birthday , And Then There Were None was named the `` World 's Favourite Christie '' in a vote sponsored by the author 's estate . Most of her books and short stories have been adapted for television , radio , video games and comics , and more than thirty feature films have been based on her work .


Carrie Fisher was featured in a non-fiction book.

Carrie Fisher Carrie Frances Fisher ( October 21 , 1956 -- December 27 , 2016 ) was an American actress , writer and humorist who first became known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars film series . Her other film roles included Shampoo ( 1975 ) , The Blues Brothers ( 1980 ) , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) , The ` Burbs ( 1989 ) , and When Harry Met Sally ... ( 1989 ) .   Fisher wrote several semi-autobiographical novels , including Postcards from the Edge and the screenplay for the film of the book , as well as an autobiographical one-woman play , and its non-fiction book , Wishful Drinking , based on the play . She worked on other writers ' screenplays as a script doctor . In later years , she earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction .   The daughter of the singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds , Fisher and her mother appear in Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds , a 2016 documentary about their relationship . It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Fisher died of cardiac arrest on December 27 , 2016 , at age 60 , four days after experiencing a medical emergency during a transatlantic flight from London to Los Angeles . Her final film , Star Wars : The Last Jedi , is scheduled to be released on December 15 , 2017 .


Wishful Drinking Wishful Drinking is an autobiographical humor book by American actress and author Carrie Fisher , published by Simon & Schuster in 2008 . Fisher 's book was based on her one-woman stage show , which she developed with writer/director Joshua Ravetch .   The show debuted at The Geffen Playhouse with Ravetch directing . It enjoyed a successful Broadway run and then toured in other cities . In 2010 , HBO filmed a feature-length documentary of the stage play .


Return of the Jedi was a Star Wars film.

Return of the Jedi Return of the Jedi ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VI -- Return of the Jedi ) is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand . The screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas was from a story by Lucas , who was also the executive producer . It was the third and final installment in the original Star Wars trilogy and the first film to use THX technology . The film is set one year after The Empire Strikes Back and was produced by Howard Kazanjian for Lucasfilm Ltd. . The film stars Mark Hamill , Harrison Ford , Carrie Fisher , Billy Dee Williams , Anthony Daniels , David Prowse , Kenny Baker , Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz .   The Galactic Empire , under the direction of the ruthless Emperor , is constructing a second Death Star in order to crush the Rebel Alliance once and for all . Since the Emperor plans to personally oversee the final stages of its construction , the Rebel Fleet launches a full-scale attack on the Death Star in order to prevent its completion and kill the Emperor , effectively bringing an end to the Empire 's hold over the galaxy . Meanwhile , Luke Skywalker , a Jedi apprentice , struggles to bring his father Darth Vader back to the Light Side of the Force .   David Lynch and David Cronenberg were considered to direct the project before Marquand signed on as director . The production team relied on Lucas ' storyboards during pre-production . While writing the shooting script , Lucas , Kasdan , Marquand , and producer Howard Kazanjian spent two weeks in conference discussing ideas to construct it . Kazanjian 's schedule pushed shooting to begin a few weeks early to allow Industrial Light & Magic more time to work on the film 's effects in post-production . Filming took place in England , California , and Arizona from January to . Strict secrecy surrounded the production and the film used the working title Blue Harvest to prevent price gouging .   The film was released in theaters on May 25 , 1983 , six years to the day after the release of the first film , receiving mostly positive reviews . The film grossed between $ 475 million and $ 572 million worldwide . Several home video and theatrical releases and revisions to the film followed over the next 20 years . Star Wars continued with Episode I : The Phantom Menace as part of the film series ' prequel trilogy .   A sequel , Star Wars : The Force Awakens , was released on December 18 , 2015 , as part of the new sequel trilogy .


Star Wars (film) Star Wars ( later retitled Star Wars : Episode IV -- A New Hope ) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas . The first installment in the Star Wars film series , it stars Mark Hamill , Harrison Ford , Carrie Fisher , Peter Cushing , and Alec Guinness . David Prowse , James Earl Jones , Anthony Daniels , Kenny Baker , and Peter Mayhew co-star in supporting roles . The film 's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance , led by Princess Leia ( Fisher ) , and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire 's space station , the Death Star . This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker ( Hamill ) , who inadvertently acquires a pair of droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star . When the Empire begins a destructive search for the missing droids , Skywalker accompanies Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi ( Guinness ) on a mission to return the plans to the Rebel Alliance and rescue Leia from her imprisonment by the Empire .   Star Wars was released theatrically in the United States on May 25 , 1977 . It earned $ 461 million in the U.S. and $ 314 million overseas , totaling $ 775 million . It surpassed Jaws ( 1975 ) to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982 ) . When adjusted for inflation , Star Wars is the second-highest-grossing film in North America , and the third-highest-grossing film in the world . It received ten Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , winning seven . It was among the first films to be selected as part of the U.S. Library of Congress ' National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . At the time , it was the most recent film on the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s . Its soundtrack was added to the U.S. National Recording Registry in 2004 . Today , it is often regarded as one of the best films of all time , as well as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures . It launched an industry of tie-in products , including TV series spinoffs , novels , comic books , and video games , and merchandise including toys , games and clothing .   The film 's success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels , The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) . Star Wars was reissued multiple times at Lucas ' behest , incorporating many changes including modified computer-generated effects , altered dialogue , re-edited shots , remixed soundtracks , and added scenes . A prequel trilogy was released from 1999 to 2005 , followed by a sequel trilogy beginning in 2015 . In 2016 , Rogue One was released as a direct prequel to the original Star Wars film .


The Prestige The Prestige is a 1995 novel by British writer Christopher Priest .   The novel tells the story of a prolonged feud between two stage magicians in late 1800s England . It is epistolary in structure ; that is , it purports to be a collection of real diaries that were kept by the protagonists and later collated . The title derives from the novel 's fictional practice of stage illusions having three parts : the setup , the performance , and the prestige ( effect ) .   The novel received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for best fiction and the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel .


Reds was produced by the film's director.

Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia , also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoid leukemia ( ALL ) , is an acute form of leukemia , or cancer of the white blood cells , characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of cancerous , immature white blood cells , known as lymphoblasts . In persons with ALL , lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and continuously multiply , causing damage and death by inhibiting the production of normal cells ( such as red and white blood cells and platelets ) in the bone marrow and by spreading ( infiltrating ) to other organs . ALL is most common in childhood , with a peak incidence at 2 -- 5 years of age and another peak in old age .   The symptoms of ALL are indicative of a reduced production of functional blood cells , because leukemia wastes the resources of the bone marrow that are normally used to produce new , functioning blood cells . These symptoms can include fever , increased risk of infection ( especially bacterial infections like pneumonia , due to neutropenia ; symptoms of such an infection include shortness of breath , chest pain , cough , vomiting ) , increased tendency to bleed ( due to thrombocytopenia ) , and signs indicative of anemia , including pallor , tachycardia ( high heart rate ) , fatigue , and headache .   About 6,000 cases are reported in the United States every year . Internationally , ALL is more common in Caucasians than in Africans ; it is more common in Hispanics and in Latin America . Cure is a realistic goal and is achieved in more than 80 % of affected children , although only 20-40 % of adults are cured . `` Acute '' is defined by the World Health organization standards , in which greater than 20 % of the cells in the bone marrow are blasts . Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is defined as having less than 20 % blasts in the bone marrow .   ALL was one of the first cancers for which an effective chemotherapeutic treatment was developed . Antifolates like aminopterin and methotrexate were developed in the late 1940s by Sidney Farber and Yellapragada Subbarow . At that time , a doctor did not need a patient 's or parent 's consent to try an experimental treatment as the Nuremberg code had not yet been signed . Desperate to save his patients , Farber initially tried folic acid supplementation as a treatment for ALL . This had disastrous consequences and he likely accelerated the children 's deaths .


Breast cancer Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue . Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast , a change in breast shape , dimpling of the skin , fluid coming from the nipple , or a red scaly patch of skin . In those with distant spread of the disease , there may be bone pain , swollen lymph nodes , shortness of breath , or yellow skin .   Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female , obesity , lack of physical exercise , drinking alcohol , hormone replacement therapy during menopause , ionizing radiation , early age at first menstruation , having children late or not at all , older age , and family history . About 5 -- 10 % of cases are due to genes inherited from a person 's parents , including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others . Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk . Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas , while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas . In addition , there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer . Some cancers , such as ductal carcinoma in situ , develop from pre-invasive lesions . The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump . Once the diagnosis is made , further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it may respond to .   The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial . A 2013 Cochrane review stated that it is unclear if mammographic screening does more good or harm . A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age , and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years old . The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it . Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women . In those who have been diagnosed with cancer , a number of treatments may be used , including surgery , radiation therapy , chemotherapy , hormonal therapy and targeted therapy . Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy . Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date . In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body , treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort .   Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type , extent of disease , and person 's age . Survival rates in the developed world are high , with between 80 % and 90 % of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years . In developing countries survival rates are poorer . Worldwide , breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women , accounting for 25 % of all cases . In 2012 it resulted in 1.68 million new cases and 522,000 deaths . It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men .


Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) , also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer , is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum ( parts of the large intestine ) . A cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body . Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool , a change in bowel movements , weight loss , and feeling tired all the time .   Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders . Some risk factors include diet , obesity , smoking , and lack of physical activity . Dietary factors that increase the risk include red and processed meat as well as alcohol . Another risk factor is inflammatory bowel disease , which includes Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer ; however , these represent less than 5 % of cases . It typically starts as a benign tumor , often in the form of a polyp , which over time becomes cancerous .   Bowel cancer may be diagnosed by obtaining a sample of the colon during a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy . This is then followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread . Screening is effective for preventing and decreasing deaths from colorectal cancer . Screening is recommended starting from the age of 50 to 75 . During colonoscopy , small polyps may be removed if found . If a large polyp or tumor is found , a biopsy may be performed to check if it is cancerous . Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk . Their general use is not recommended for this purpose , however , due to side effects .   Treatments used for colorectal cancer may include some combination of surgery , radiation therapy , chemotherapy and targeted therapy . Cancers that are confined within the wall of the colon may be curable with surgery while cancer that has spread widely are usually not curable , with management being directed towards improving quality of life and symptoms . Five year survival rates in the United States are around 65 % . This , however , depends on how advanced the cancer is , whether or not all the cancer can be removed with surgery , and the person 's overall health . Globally , colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer making up about 10 % of all cases . In 2012 , there were 1.4 million new cases and 694,000 deaths from the disease . It is more common in developed countries , where more than 65 % of cases are found . It is less common in women than men .


Cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body . Not all tumors are cancerous ; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body . Possible signs and symptoms include a lump , abnormal bleeding , prolonged cough , unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements . While these symptoms may indicate cancer , they may have other causes . Over 100 types of cancers affect humans .   Tobacco use is the cause of about 22 % of cancer deaths . Another 10 % is due to obesity , poor diet , lack of physical activity , and excessive drinking of alcohol . Other factors include certain infections , exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants . In the developing world nearly 20 % of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B , hepatitis C and human papillomavirus ( HPV ) . These factors act , at least partly , by changing the genes of a cell . Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops . Approximately 5 -- 10 % of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person 's parents . Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests . It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy .   Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking , maintaining a healthy weight , not drinking too much alcohol , eating plenty of vegetables , fruits and whole grains , vaccination against certain infectious diseases , not eating too much processed and red meat , and avoiding too much sunlight exposure . Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer . The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial . Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy , surgery , chemotherapy , and targeted therapy . Pain and symptom management are an important part of care . Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease . The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment . In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80 % . For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66 % .   In 2015 about 90.5 million people had cancer . About 14.1 million new cases occur a year ( not including skin cancer other than melanoma ) . It caused about 8.8 million deaths ( 15.7 % ) of human deaths . The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer , prostate cancer , colorectal cancer and stomach cancer . In females , the most common types are breast cancer , colorectal cancer , lung cancer and cervical cancer . If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40 % of cases . In children , acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often . In 2012 , about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer . The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries . Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world . The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $ 1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010 .


Palliative care Palliative care is a multidisciplinary approach to specialized medical care for people with life-limiting illnesses . It focuses on providing people with relief from the symptoms , pain , physical stress , and mental stress of the terminal diagnosis . The goal of such therapy is to improve quality of life for both the person and their family . Evidence as of 2016 supports improvement in quality of life .   Palliative care is provided by a team of physicians , nurses , physiotherapists , occupational therapists and other health professionals who work together with the primary care physician and referred specialists ( or , for patients who do n't have those , hospital or hospice staff ) to provide additional support . It is appropriate at any age and at any stage in a serious illness and can be provided as the main goal of care or along with curative treatment . Although it is an important part of end-of-life care , it is not limited to that stage . Palliative care can be provided across multiple settings including in hospitals , in the patient 's home , as part of community palliative care programs , and in skilled nursing facilities . Interdisciplinary palliative care teams work with patients and their families to clarify goals of care and provide symptom management , psycho-social , and spiritual support .   Physicians sometimes use the term palliative care in a sense meaning palliative therapies without curative intent , when no cure can be expected ( as often happens in late-stage cancers ) . For example , tumor debulking can continue to reduce pain from mass effect even when it is no longer curative . A clearer usage is palliative , noncurative therapy when that is what is meant , because palliative care can be used along with curative or aggressive therapies .   Medications and treatments are said to have a palliative effect if they relieve symptoms without having a curative effect on the underlying disease or cause . This can include treating nausea related to chemotherapy or something as simple as morphine to treat the pain of broken leg or ibuprofen to treat aching related to an influenza ( flu ) infection . Although the concept of palliative care is not new , most physicians have traditionally concentrated on trying to cure people .