Peru Peru , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river .   Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization in Caral ( one of the oldest in the world with settlements as old as 3200 BC ) to the Inca Empire , the largest state in Pre-Columbian America . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty with its capital in Lima , which included most of its South American colonies . Ideas of political autonomy later spread throughout Spanish America and Peru gained its independence , which was formally proclaimed in 1821 after the occupation by military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar and only after the battle of Ayacucho , three years after proclamation , Peru ensured its independence . After achieving independence , the country remained in recession and kept a low military profile until an economic rise based on the extraction of raw and maritime materials struck the country , which ended shortly before the war of the Pacific . Subsequently , the country has undergone changes in government from oligarchic to democratic systems . Peru has gone through periods of political unrest and internal conflict as well as periods of stability and economic upswing .   Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions . It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 25.8 percent . Its main economic activities include mining , manufacturing , agriculture and fishing .   The Peruvian population , estimated at 31.2 million in 2015 , is multiethnic , including Amerindians , Europeans , Africans and Asians . The main spoken language is Spanish , although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages . This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art , cuisine , literature , and music .   __ TOC __


Machu Picchu was located in the Americas.

Machu Picchu Machu Picchu ( -LSB- ˈmatʃu ˈpitʃu -RSB- ) ( Machu Pikchu -LSB- ˈmɑtʃu ˈpixtʃu -RSB- ) is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2430 m above sea level . It is located in the Cusco Region , Urubamba Province , Machupicchu District in Peru , above the Sacred Valley , which is 80 km northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows .   Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti ( 1438 -- 1472 ) . Often mistakenly referred to as the `` Lost City of the Incas '' ( a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba ) , it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization . The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest . Although known locally , it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to international attention in 1911 .   Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style , with polished dry-stone walls . Its three primary structures are the Inti Watana , the Temple of the Sun , and the Room of the Three Windows . Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally appeared . By 1976 , thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues .   Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 . In 2007 , Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll .


Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released.

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films .   Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 .   The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .


Oh Yeon-seo is South Korean and she was a musician.

Oh Yeon-seo Oh Yeon-seo ( born Oh Haet-nim , on June 22 , 1987 ) , is a South Korean actress and former member of South Korean girl group , LUV . She is best known for her roles in television dramas My Husband Got a Family ( 2012 ) , Jang Bo-ri is Here ! ( 2014 ) , Shine or Go Crazy ( 2015 ) and Please Come Back , Mister ( 2016 ) .


Luv (band) LUV ( ; -LSB- ləːbɯ -RSB- ) was a short-lived K-pop girls group founded by SidusHQ , consisting of Jo Eun-byul , Jeon Hye-bin , and Oh Yeon-seo . As stated by LUV in an interview , LUV stands for `` Love yoUr Voice '' , stating that everyone should love themselves and their strengths and flaws in their hearts .


Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon ( January 9 , 1913 -- April 22 , 1994 ) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974 , when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office . He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower , and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California .   Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California . After completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College , he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law . He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government . He subsequently served on active duty in the U.S. Navy Reserve during World War II . Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 . His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence . He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election . Nixon served for eight years as vice president -- at 40 , the second-youngest vice president in history . He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960 , narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy , and lost a race for Governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962 . In 1968 , he ran for the presidency again and was elected by defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey .   Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home , and ended the military draft . Nixon 's visit to the People 's Republic of China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations , and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year . His administration generally transferred power from Washington D.C. to the states . He imposed wage and price controls for a period of ninety days , enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency . Nixon also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing , which signaled the end of the moon race . He was reelected in one of the largest electoral landslides in U.S. history in 1972 , when he defeated George McGovern .   The year 1973 saw an Arab oil embargo , gasoline rationing , and a continuing series of revelations about the Watergate scandal . The scandal escalated , costing Nixon much of his political support , and on August 9 , 1974 , he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office . After his resignation , he was issued a pardon by his successor , Gerald Ford . In retirement , Nixon 's work writing several books and undertaking of many foreign trips helped to rehabilitate his image . He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18 , 1994 , and died four days later at the age of 81 .


Eric Clapton was a member of the English blues rock band Blind Faith.

Blind Faith Blind Faith was an English blues rock band , composed of Eric Clapton , Ginger Baker , Steve Winwood , and Ric Grech . The band , which was one of the first `` super-groups '' , released their only album , Blind Faith , in August 1969 . They were stylistically similar to the bands in which Winwood , Baker , and Clapton had most recently participated , Traffic and Cream . They helped to pioneer the genre of blues/rock fusion .


Robert Redford was a guest star on a show.

Robert Redford Charles Robert Redford Jr. ( born August 18 , 1936 ) is an American actor , director , producer , businessman , environmentalist , and philanthropist . Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival .   Redford 's career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows , including : The Untouchables , Perry Mason , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , and The Twilight Zone , among others . He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont ( 1962 ) . His greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simon 's Barefoot in the Park ( 1963 ) .   Redford made his film debut in War Hunt ( 1962 ) . His role in Inside Daisy Clover ( 1965 ) won him a Golden Globe for best new star . He starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) , which was a huge success and made him a major star . In 1972 , he had a critical and box office hit with Jeremiah Johnson ( 1972 ) , and in 1973 had the greatest hit of his career , the blockbuster crime caper The Sting , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award . The popular and acclaimed All the President 's Men ( 1976 ) was a landmark film for Redford .   The first film that Redford directed , Ordinary People ( 1980 ) , was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade , winning four Oscars , and in the same year , he starred in Brubaker ( 1980 ) . He starred in Out of Africa ( 1985 ) , which was an enormous critical and box office success , and won seven Oscars including Best Picture , proving to be his greatest success of the decade . He released his third film as a director , A River Runs Through It , in 1992 .   Redford won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People . He was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting , and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show . He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002 . In 2010 , he was made a chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur . He has won BAFTA , Directors Guild of America , Golden Globe , and Screen Actors Guild Awards .   In April 2014 , Time magazine included Redford in their annual Time 100 as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World '' , declaring him the `` Godfather of Indie Film '' . In 2016 , President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom .


Perry Mason (TV series) Perry Mason is an American legal drama series originally broadcast on CBS television from September 21 , 1957 , to May 22 , 1966 . The title character , portrayed by Raymond Burr , is a fictional Los Angeles criminal defense lawyer who originally appeared in detective fiction by Erle Stanley Gardner . Many episodes are based on stories written by Gardner .   Hollywood 's first weekly one-hour series filmed for television , Perry Mason is one of TV 's longest-running and most successful legal series . During its first season , it received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination as Best Dramatic Series , and it became one of the five most popular shows on television . Raymond Burr received two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor , and Barbara Hale received an Emmy Award for her portrayal of Mason 's secretary Della Street . Perry Mason and Burr were honored as Favorite Series and Favorite Male Performer in the first two TV Guide Award readers ' polls . In 1960 , the series received the first Silver Gavel Award presented for television drama by the American Bar Association .   Perry Mason has aired in syndication in the United States and internationally ever since its cancellation , and the complete series has been released on Region 1 DVD . A 2014 study found that Netflix users rate Raymond Burr as their favorite actor , with Barbara Hale number seven on the list .   The New Perry Mason , a 1973 revival of the series with a different cast , was poorly received and ran a mere 15 episodes . In 1985 , the first in a successful series of 30 Perry Mason television films aired on NBC , with Burr reprising the role of Mason in 26 of them prior to his death in 1993 .


Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs .   A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .


The Twilight Zone The Twilight Zone is an American television anthology series created by Rod Serling . The episodes are in various genres , including psychological horror , fantasy , science fiction , suspense , and psychological thriller ; and often conclude with a macabre or unexpected twist , and usually with a moral . A popular and critical success , it introduced many Americans to common science fiction and fantasy tropes . The original series , shot entirely in black and white , ran for five seasons from 1959 to 1964 .   The Twilight Zone followed in the tradition of earlier television shows such as Tales of Tomorrow ( 1951 -- 53 , which also dramatized the short story `` What You Need '' ) and Science Fiction Theatre ( 1955 -- 57 ) ; radio programs such as The Weird Circle , Dimension X , and X Minus One ; and the radio work of one of Serling 's inspirations , Norman Corwin . The success of the series led to a feature film , a radio series , a comic book , a magazine , and various other spin-offs that spanned five decades , including two revival television series . The first revival ran on CBS and in syndication in the 1980s , while the second ran on UPN from 2002 to 2003 . TV Guide ranked the original TV series # 5 in their 2013 list of the 60 greatest dramas of all time .


The Untouchables (1959 TV series) The Untouchables is an American crime drama that ran from 1959 to 1963 on the ABC Television Network , produced by Desilu Productions . Based on the memoir of the same name by Eliot Ness and Oscar Fraley , it fictionalized Ness ' experiences as a Prohibition agent , fighting crime in Chicago in the 1930s with the help of a special team of agents handpicked for their courage , moral character , and incorruptibility , nicknamed the Untouchables . The book was later made into a film in 1987 ( also called The Untouchables ) by Brian De Palma , with a script by David Mamet , and a second , less-successful TV series in 1993 .   A powerful , dynamic , hard-hitting action drama , and a landmark crime series , The Untouchables '' won series star Robert Stack an Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series in 1960 .


Mariah Carey released a song with Boyz II Men.

Mariah Carey Mariah Carey ( born March 27 , 1969 or 1970 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . In 1990 , she rose to fame with the release of `` Vision of Love '' from her eponymous debut album . The album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act . Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995 -- 96 with `` One Sweet Day , '' which remains the longest-running number-one song in US chart history . Following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola , Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of Butterfly ( 1997 ) . In 1998 , she was honored as the world 's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards and subsequently named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000 .   Carey parted with Columbia in 2000 , and signed a record-breaking $ 100 million recording contract with Virgin Records America . In the weeks prior to the release of her film Glitter and its accompanying soundtrack in 2001 , she suffered a physical and emotional breakdown and was hospitalized for severe exhaustion . The project was poorly received and led to a general decline in the singer 's career . Carey 's recording contract was bought out for $ 50 million by Virgin and she signed a multi-million dollar deal with Island Records the following year . After a relatively unsuccessful period , she returned to the top of music charts with The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . The album became the best-selling album in the US and the second best-seller worldwide in 2005 and produced `` We Belong Together , '' which became her most successful single of the 2000s , and was later named `` Song of the Decade '' by Billboard . Carey once again ventured into film with a well-received supporting role in Precious ( 2009 ) , and was awarded the `` Breakthrough Performance Award '' at the Palm Springs International Film Festival .   Throughout her career , Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide , making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time . According to the RIAA , she is the third-best-selling female artist in the United States , with 63.5 million certified albums . With the release of `` Touch My Body '' ( 2008 ) , Carey gained her 18th number-one single in the United States , more than any other solo artist . In 2012 , the singer was ranked second on VH1 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Women in Music . '' Aside from her commercial accomplishments , Carey has won 5 Grammy Awards , 19 World Music Awards , 11 American Music Awards , and 14 Billboard Music Awards and has been consistently credited with inspiring a generation of singers . Referred to as the `` songbird supreme '' by the Guinness World Records , she has a five-octave vocal range , power , melismatic style and signature use of the whistle register .


One Sweet Day `` One Sweet Day '' is a song by American singer Mariah Carey and R&B group Boyz II Men . The song was written by Carey , Walter Afanasieff and Boyz II Men : Wanya Morris , Shawn Stockman , Nathan Morris , and Michael McCary . `` One Sweet Day '' was produced by Carey and Afanasieff for her fifth studio album , Daydream , and was released as the album 's second single on . The song speaks about the death of a loved one , how the protagonist took their presence for granted and misses them , and finally about seeing the person in heaven . Both Carey and Boyz II Men wrote the song about specific people in their lives , being inspired by sufferers of the AIDS epidemic , which was globally prevalent at that time .   `` One Sweet Day '' received widespread acclaim from critics , many of whom praised its lyrical content and vocals , as well as calling it a standout track from Daydream . It was ranked first in Rolling Stones reader 's poll for the Best Collaboration of All Time . The song spent 16 weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , becoming the longest running number one song on the chart . Subsequently , `` One Sweet Day '' became the Billboards most successful song of the 1990s , topping the Hot 100 decade-end chart . Internationally , the song topped the charts in Canada and New Zealand , and reached the top-ten in Australia , Belgium , France , Ireland , the Netherlands , Norway , Sweden and the United Kingdom .   Carey performed `` One Sweet Day '' live alongside Boyz II Men at the 38th Grammy Awards ceremony , held on February 26 , 1996 . Additionally , the song was performed at Princess Diana 's memorial service in September 1997 . `` One Sweet Day '' was part of the set list on several of Carey 's succeeding tours , making its debut during the album 's accompanying set of concerts , the Daydream World Tour . It is featured on her compilation albums , # 1 's ( 1998 ) , Greatest Hits ( 2001 ) , The Ballads ( 2008 ) , and # 1 to Infinity ( 2015 ) .   The music video for `` One Sweet Day '' was filmed in February 1995 , and features snippets of Carey and Boyz II Men in and around the studio , and recording the song . The busy schedule of both Carey and Boyz II Men did not allow time to record a proper video . The singer later said that she was content a real music video was never filmed , fearing that no video could truly capture the song 's strong lyrical message . Critics felt the video choice was wise , and agreed that the simple concept paid homage to the song 's selfless message .


Chandni stars an actor that died in April.

Chandni Chandni ( Translation : Moonlight ) is a 1989 Indian Hindi language romantic drama film , starring Sridevi as the eponymous lead alongside Rishi Kapoor and Vinod Khanna and Waheeda Rehman . It was directed by Yash Chopra and the screenplay was written by Kamna Chandra , Arun Kaul , Sagar Sarhadi and Umesh Kalbagh .   Chandni was a great success in 1989 and is considered one of the most successful films of all time . The profits of this romantic musical brought an end to Chopra 's lean phase . The platinum success of its music was also instrumental in bringing music back into Hindi films .   For the cast , the film reaffirmed Sridevi 's position as the top female star of the 1980s . It prolonged Rishi Kapoor 's fading career and showed that he was still profitable as a leading hero . Chandni provided a boost for Vinod Khanna 's career and reunited Kapoor and Khanna , who were last seen together in the popular Amar Akbar Anthony ( 1977 ) . Sridevi 's white costumes became popular as the ` Chandni Look ' and the songs of the film are still a rage . Though this was not the first time Yash Chopra shot a film in Switzerland , the extensive scenes shot there made it a popular tourist destination for Indians .   Chandni won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film of 1989 and is regarded as one of the Yash Chopra 's best films.द


Vinod Khanna Vinod Khanna ( 6 October 1946 -- 27 April 2017 ) was an Indian actor and producer of Bollywood films . He was the recipient of two Filmfare awards . He was also an active politician and was the MP from the Gurdaspur constituency between 1998 -- 2009 and 2014 -- 2017 . In July 2002 , Khanna became the minister for Culture and Tourism in the Atal Behari Vajpayee cabinet . Six months later , he became the Minister of State for external affairs .   Khanna played lead roles in many films and is best remembered for his performances in Mere Apne , Mera Gaon Mera Desh , Kuchhe Dhaage , Gaddaar , Imtihaan , Muqaddar Ka Sikandar , Inkaar , Amar Akbar Anthony , Rajput , The Burning Train , Qurbani , Kudrat , Parvarish , Khoon Pasina , Dayavan , Chandni and Jurm .   After making his debut in 1968 , Khanna first acted in supporting and antagonistic roles ; as an angry young man in the movie Mere Apne , as the main villain in the super-hit movie Mera Gaon Mera Desh , and as the military officer turned fugitive in the critically acclaimed movie Achanak , which was a film based on the events of K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra .   In 1982 , at the peak of his film career , Khanna temporarily quit the film industry to follow his spiritual guru Osho Rajneesh . After a 5-year hiatus , he returned to the Hindi film industry with two hit films , Insaaf and Satyamev Jayate .


Tommy Lee Jones won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Tommy Lee Jones Tommy Lee Jones ( born September 15 , 1946 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has received four Academy Award nominations , winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film The Fugitive .   His other notable starring roles include former Texas Ranger Woodrow F. Call in the TV mini-series Lonesome Dove , Agent K in the Men in Black film series , Sheriff Ed Tom Bell in No Country for Old Men , the villain Two-Face in Batman Forever , terrorist William Strannix in Under Siege , a Texas Ranger in Man of the House , rancher Pete Perkins in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada , which he directed , Colonel Chester Phillips in Captain America : The First Avenger , CIA Director Robert Dewey in Jason Bourne and Warden Dwight McClusky in Natural Born Killers . Jones has also portrayed real-life figures such as businessman Howard Hughes , Radical Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens , executed murderer Gary Gilmore , U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur , Oliver Lynn , husband of Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner 's Daughter , and baseball great Ty Cobb .   Early in his career , Jones first gained recognition for his contract role as Dr. Mark Toland on the soap opera One Life to Live for six years .


The USS Constitution has a crew of 13 managers and airmen.

USS Constitution USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled , three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy , named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America . She is the world 's oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat . Constitution was launched in 1797 , one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed . Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy 's capital ships , and so Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period . Constitution was built in the North End of Boston , Massachusetts at Edmund Hartt 's shipyard . Her first duties with the newly formed U.S. Navy were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War .   Constitution is most noted for her actions during the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom , when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships : , , , , and . The battle with Guerriere earned her the nickname of `` Old Ironsides '' and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping . She continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons , and circled the world in the 1840s . During the American Civil War , she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy . She carried American artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878 .   Constitution was retired from active service in 1881 , and served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907 . In 1934 , she completed a three-year , 90-port tour of the nation . Constitution sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997 , and again in August 2012 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over Guerriere .   Constitutions stated mission today is to promote understanding of the Navy 's role in war and peace through educational outreach , historical demonstration , and active participation in public events as part of the Naval History & Heritage Command . As a fully commissioned U.S. Navy ship , her crew of 60 officers and sailors participate in ceremonies , educational programs , and special events while keeping Constitution open to visitors year round and providing free tours . The officers and crew are all active-duty U.S. Navy personnel and the assignment is considered to be special duty in the U.S. Navy . Traditionally , command of the vessel is assigned to a Navy commander . She is usually berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard , at one end of Boston 's Freedom Trail . In May 2015 , Constitution entered Dry Dock 1 to begin a three-year restoration program .


Distress in social situations can be caused by social anxiety.

Social anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder ( SAD ) , also known as social phobia , is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations , causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life . These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others .   Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing , excess sweating , trembling , palpitations , and nausea . Stammering may be present , along with rapid speech . Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort . Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events . It is common for sufferers of social phobia to self-medicate in this fashion , especially if they are undiagnosed , untreated , or both ; this can lead to alcoholism , eating disorders or other kinds of substance abuse . SAD is sometimes referred to as an illness of lost opportunities where `` individuals make major life choices to accommodate their illness '' . According to ICD-10 guidelines , the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention , or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating , avoidance and anxiety symptoms . Standardized rating scales can be used to screen for social anxiety disorder and measure the severity of anxiety .   The first line treatment for social anxiety disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) with medications recommended only in those who are not interested in therapy . CBT is effective in treating social phobia , whether delivered individually or in a group setting . The cognitive and behavioral components seek to change thought patterns and physical reactions to anxiety-inducing situations . The attention given to social anxiety disorder has significantly increased since 1999 with the approval and marketing of drugs for its treatment . Prescribed medications include several classes of antidepressants : selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) , serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs ) , and monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs ) . Other commonly used medications include beta blockers and benzodiazepines . It is the most common anxiety disorder with up to 10 % of people being affected at some point in their life .


Water is found in seas and oceans of Earth.

Water Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is H2O , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state ( ice ) or its gaseous state ( steam or water vapor ) . It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity .   Water covers 71 % of the Earth 's surface . It is vital for all known forms of life . On Earth , 96.5 % of the planet 's crust water is found in seas and oceans , 1.7 % in groundwater , 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland , a small fraction in other large water bodies , and 0.001 % in the air as vapor , clouds ( formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air ) , and precipitation . Only 2.5 % of this water is freshwater , and 98.8 % of that water is in ice ( excepting ice in clouds ) and groundwater . Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers , lakes , and the atmosphere , and an even smaller amount of the Earth 's freshwater ( 0.003 % ) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products . A greater quantity of water is found in the earth 's interior .   Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration ( evapotranspiration ) , condensation , precipitation , and runoff , usually reaching the sea . Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land . Large amounts of water are also chemically combined or adsorbed in hydrated minerals .   Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients . Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost every part of the world , but approximately one billion people still lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation . There is a clear correlation between access to safe water and gross domestic product per capita . However , some observers have estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability . A report , issued in November 2009 , suggests that by 2030 , in some developing regions of the world , water demand will exceed supply by 50 % .   Water plays an important role in the world economy . Approximately 70 % of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture . Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world . Much of long-distance trade of commodities ( such as oil and natural gas ) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas , rivers , lakes , and canals . Large quantities of water , ice , and steam are used for cooling and heating , in industry and homes . Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances ; as such it is widely used in industrial processes , and in cooking and washing . Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment , such as swimming , pleasure boating , boat racing , surfing , sport fishing , and diving .


T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm ( born September 30 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name T-Pain , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer from Tallahassee , Florida . His debut album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , was released in 2005 . In 2007 , T-Pain released his second album Epiphany , which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . His third album , Thr33 Ringz , was released in 2008 . T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles , including `` I 'm Sprung '' , `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , `` Bartender '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' , `` 5 O'Clock '' and more . T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards , alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively .   T-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment , established in 2005 . Throughout his career as a singer , T-Pain is best known for using and popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect , used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds . From 2006 to 2010 , T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles , his most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida 's debut single `` Low '' , which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) .


Jordan Spence Jordan James Spence ( born 24 May 1990 ) is an English footballer who plays for Ipswich Town . Predominantly as a right-back , Spence can also operate as a centre-back . He has represented and captained England at various youth levels . He has previously played for West Ham United , Leyton Orient , Scunthorpe United , Bristol City , Sheffield Wednesday and Milton Keynes Dons .


Game of thrones has received many awards.

Game of Thrones Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . It is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire , George R. R. Martin 's series of fantasy novels , the first of which is A Game of Thrones . It is filmed at Titanic Studios in Belfast , on location in the United Kingdom , and in Canada , Croatia , Iceland , Malta , Morocco , Spain , and the United States . The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17 , 2011 , and its sixth season ended on June 26 , 2016 . The series was renewed for a seventh season , which is scheduled to premiere on July 16 , 2017 , and will conclude with its eighth season in 2018 .   Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos , Game of Thrones has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast . The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms , with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne . The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm 's deposed ruling dynasty ; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North .   Game of Thrones has attracted record viewership on HBO and has a broad , active , international fan base . It has been acclaimed by critics , particularly for its acting , complex characters , story , scope , and production values , although its frequent use of nudity and violence ( including sexual violence ) has attracted criticism . The series has received 38 Primetime Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Drama Series in 2015 and 2016 , more than any other primetime scripted television series . Its other awards and nominations include three Hugo Awards for Best Dramatic Presentation ( 2012 -- 2014 ) , a 2011 Peabody Award , and four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama ( 2012 and 2015 -- 2017 ) . Of the ensemble cast , Peter Dinklage has won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ( 2011 and 2015 ) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film ( 2012 ) for his performance as Tyrion Lannister . Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke , Kit Harington , Maisie Williams , Diana Rigg , and Max von Sydow have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances in the series .


Baahubali 2: The Conclusion was not directed by S. S. Rajamouli.

Baahubali 2: The Conclusion Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion , also known by the initialism BB2 , is a 2017 Indian historical fiction film co-written and directed by S. S. Rajamouli . The film was produced by Tollywood studio Arka Media Works . It is the continuation of Baahubali : The Beginning , taking place before and after the events of that film . It was originally made in both Telugu and Tamil and dubbed into Hindi , Malayalam , German , French , Japanese and English . The film stars major actors from Tollywood industry with Prabhas , Anushka Shetty , Rana Daggubati and Sathyaraj in lead roles . Initially , both parts were jointly produced on a budget of 250 crore ( 2.5 billion ) , however , the budget of the second part was increased later . Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion has made a record of highest pre-release business with 500 crore ( 5 billion ) .   Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion was premiered at the British Film Institute , and was theatrically released over 9000 screens worldwide on 28 April 2017 . Baahubali 2 was the first Telugu film to be released in 4K High Definition format . It is estimated that close to 200 screens are being upgraded to 4K projectors before the release date of the movie .   Baahubali 2 released to positive reviews from critics and surpassed the 2014 Hindi film PK , to briefly become the highest grossing Indian film of all time , collecting approximately worldwide within just six days of its release . It became the first ever Indian film to gross over in all languages , doing so in just ten days . It currently stands as the second highest grossing Indian film worldwide .


Love & Mercy (film) features a Brian Wilson portrayal.

Love & Mercy (film) Love & Mercy ( stylized as love & mercy ) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Bill Pohlad , co-produced by Claire Rudnick-Polstein and John Wells and written by Michael Alan Lerner and Oren Moverman . The film , deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson , focuses on musician-songwriter Brian Wilson , co-founder of the Beach Boys , during the 1960s and 1980s , presenting the film in a nonlinear narrative . Paul Dano and John Cusack star as the young and middle-aged Wilson , respectively , with Elizabeth Banks as Wilson 's second wife Melinda Ledbetter , and Paul Giamatti as Wilson 's psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy .   The film premiered in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2014 and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions on June 5 , 2015 . It grossed $ 28.6 million over a $ 10 million budget , a moderate commercial success , and received critical acclaim from reviewers , lauded for its unorthodox style , original score by Atticus Ross , Dano 's performance as Wilson in the 1960s , and scenes that closely recreated Wilson 's advanced studio recording methods during the making of Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) . Wilson -- who had little involvement during development -- praised the film for being `` very factual . '' It was nominated for two Golden Globes : Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture ( Paul Dano ) and Best Original Song ( `` One Kind of Love '' ) .


Jay Sekulow has yet to become an American.

Jay Sekulow Jay Alan Sekulow ( born June 10 , 1956 ) is an American attorney and Chief Counsel for the American Center for Law & Justice ( ACLJ ) . He also hosts a talk show , which airs on radio and television . Sekulow is a frequent guest commentator on the Christian Broadcasting Network and the Fox News Channel .


Mary Marvel was one of the first female spin-offs of a major male superhero.

Mary Marvel Mary Marvel is a fictional character originally published by Fawcett Comics and now owned by DC Comics . Created by Otto Binder and Marc Swayze , she first appeared in Captain Marvel Adventures # 18 ( cover-dated Dec. 1942 ) . The character is a member of the Marvel/Shazam Family of heroes associated with the superhero Shazam/Captain Marvel .   She is the alter ego of teenager Mary Batson ( adopted name Mary Bromfield ) , twin sister of Captain Marvel 's alter-ego , Billy Batson . Like her brother , Mary has been granted the power of the wizard Shazam , and has but to speak the wizard 's name to be transformed into the superpowered Mary Marvel . Mary Marvel was one of the first female spin-offs of a major male superhero , and predates the introduction of Superman 's female cousin Supergirl ( also created by Otto Binder ) by more than a decade .   Following DC 's licensing of the Marvel Family characters in 1972 , Mary Marvel began appearing in DC Comics , co-starring in DC series such as Shazam ! ( 1973-1978 ) and The Power of Shazam ! ( 1995-1999 ) . Two limited series from 2007-2009 , Countdown and Final Crisis , feature an evil version of Mary Marvel having acquired powers from first Shazam Family archenemy Black Adam and further from Apokoliptian supervillain god Desaad . In current continuity following DC 's 2011 New 52 reboot , Mary Bromfield appears as one of Billy Batson 's foster siblings , and can share Billy 's power at his whim to become an adult superhero similar to the traditional Mary Marvel ( the `` Marvel '' monikers having been retired with the reboot ) .


Bill Clinton was the 42nd U.S. President.

Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton ( born August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and the state 's 42nd Governor from 1983 to 1992 . Before that , he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979 . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist `` Third Way '' political philosophy .   Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and is an alumnus of Georgetown University , where he was a member of Kappa Kappa Psi and the Phi Beta Kappa Society ; he earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford . Clinton is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton , who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , and was the Democratic nominee for President in 2016 . Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School , where they met and began dating . As Governor of Arkansas , Clinton overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association .   Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992 , defeating incumbent Republican opponent George H. W. Bush . At age 46 , he became the third-youngest president ( behind Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy ) and the first from the Baby Boomer generation . Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement . After failing to pass national health care reform , the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994 , for the first time in 40 years . Two years later , in 1996 , Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term . Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Children 's Health Insurance Program , as well as financial deregulation measures , including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 .   In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury before a grand jury and obstruction of justice during a lawsuit against him , both related to a scandal involving White House ( and later Department of Defense ) employee Monica Lewinsky . Clinton was acquitted by the U.S. Senate in 1999 and served his complete term of office .   The Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000 , the last three years of Clinton 's presidency . In foreign policy , Clinton ordered U.S. military intervention in the Bosnian and Kosovo wars , signed the Iraq Liberation Act in opposition to Saddam Hussein , and participated in the 2000 Camp David Summit to advance the Israeli -- Palestinian peace process .   Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U.S. President since World War II . Since then , Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work . He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes , such as the prevention of AIDS and global warming . In 2004 , Clinton published his autobiography , My Life . He has remained active in politics by campaigning for Democratic candidates , including his wife 's campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016 , and Barack Obama 's presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2012 .   In 2009 , Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti , and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Clinton teamed with George W. Bush to form the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund . Since leaving office , Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U.S. Presidents .


Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace is the sixth studio album by rock band Foo Fighters , released on September 25 , 2007 by RCA Records . The album is noted for a blend of regular rock and acoustic rock tracks with shifting dynamics , which emerged from the variety of styles employed on the demos the band produced . It also marks the second time the band worked with producer Gil Norton , whom frontman Dave Grohl brought to fully explore the potential of his compositions and have a record that sounded different from their previous work . Grohl tried to focus on songs with messages that resonated on the audience , writing reflective lyrics which drew inspiration from the birth of his daughter .   Critical reception to Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace was mostly positive , with praise to the sonic variety and songwriting , though some reviewers found the record inconsistent and uninspired . The album topped the charts in the United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand and Austria , and had three successful singles , `` The Pretender '' , `` Long Road to Ruin '' and `` Let It Die '' . Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace was nominated for five Grammy Awards , winning Best Rock Album , and was also awarded the Brit Award of Best International Album .


Franz Stahl Franz Kenneth Stahl ( born October 30 , 1962 ) is an American guitarist , best known for being a member of both the Washington , DC hardcore punk band Scream with his brother Peter Stahl , and the alternative rock band Foo Fighters , led by former Scream and Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl .


One by One (Foo Fighters album) One by One is the fourth studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on October 22 , 2002 by RCA . The album is the first to feature guitarist Chris Shiflett . Production on the album was troubled , with initial recording sessions considered unsatisfying and raising tensions between the band members . They eventually decided to redo the album from scratch during a two-week period at frontman Dave Grohl 's home studio in Alexandria , Virginia . The songs on the album , which include the successful singles `` All My Life '' and `` Times Like These '' , have been noted for their introspective lyrics and a heavier and more aggressive sound compared to the band 's earlier work , which Grohl said was intended to translate the energy of the Foo Fighters ' live performances into a recording .   The album was a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Ireland and the United Kingdom and sold over one million copies in the United States . One by One was positively received by critics , winning a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 2004 -- the second Grammy Award for Best Rock Album won by the band -- and praised for its sound and production . However , some considered the work inferior to the band 's previous albums , and the musicians themselves eventually grew distasteful of the record as a whole .


Dave Grohl David Eric Grohl ( born January 14 , 1969 ) is an American rock musician , multi-instrumentalist , singer , songwriter , director and producer . He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Foo Fighters , of which he is the lead singer , one of three guitarists , and primary songwriter . He is also well known as the former drummer for the grunge band Nirvana .   Grohl is the drummer and co-founder of the rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures . He additionally wrote all the music and performed all the instruments for his short-lived side projects Late ! and Probot . He has been involved with the rock band Queens of the Stone Age many times throughout the past decade . He has performed as a session drummer for a variety of musicians , including Paul McCartney , Garbage , Killing Joke , Kristeen Young , Nine Inch Nails , David Bowie , The Prodigy , Slash , Iggy Pop , Juliette and the Licks , Tenacious D , RDGLDGRN , Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers , Lemmy , Stevie Nicks , Zac Brown Band and Ghost .


Chris Shiflett Christopher Aubrey `` Chris '' Shiflett ( born May 6 , 1971 ) is best known as the lead guitarist for the rock band Foo Fighters since June 1999 , and the punk rock band No Use for a Name , as well as the punk rock cover band Me First and the Gim me Gimmes . He is the younger brother of musician Scott Shiflett .


Wasting Light Wasting Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters . It was released on April 12 , 2011 on RCA Records , and is the first album to feature rhythm guitarist Pat Smear since The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , making the band a five piece with the album . Wishing to capture the essence of the group 's earlier work and avoid the artificiality of digital recording , frontman Dave Grohl arranged for the band to record in his garage in Encino , California using only analog equipment . The sessions were supervised by producer Butch Vig , with whom Grohl had worked on Nirvana 's Nevermind . Since the old equipment did not allow for many mistakes to be corrected in post-production , the band spent three weeks rehearsing the songs , and Vig had to relearn outdated editing techniques . The band went for a heavier and rawer sound to contrast with the musical experiments from their previous albums , and most of the lyrics were written as Grohl reflected upon his life and possible future . Guest musicians include Bob Mould , Krist Novoselic , Jessy Greene , Rami Jaffe and Fee Waybill .   The recording sessions were documented for fans on the band 's website and Twitter , and the album 's promotion included the documentary Back and Forth and a worldwide concert tour that included concerts played in fans ' garages . Wasting Light was preceded by the successful single `` Rope '' , which became only the second song ever to debut at number one on Billboards Rock Songs chart . The follow-up single , `` Walk '' , also charted highly . The album was a commercial success , debuting at number one in eleven countries , and it received positive reviews from most music critics , who complimented its production and the band 's songwriting . In 2012 , Wasting Light and its songs earned Foo Fighters five Grammy Awards , including Best Rock Album .


The Colour and the Shape The Colour and the Shape is the second studio album by the American rock band Foo Fighters . Produced by Gil Norton , it was released through Capitol Records and the group 's own Roswell Records on May 20 , 1997 . The record is the debut of the Foo Fighters as a group , as the band 's previous record , Foo Fighters ( 1995 ) , was primarily recorded by frontman Dave Grohl and friend Barrett Jones as a demo . After the project ballooned and became an international success , the group convened for pre-production in the fall of 1996 and brought in producer Norton to establish a pop sensibility for the tracks . The band strived to create a full-fledged rock record , although the music press predicted another grunge offshoot .   Primarily inspired by Grohl 's divorce from photographer Jennifer Youngblood in 1996 , the lyricism on the record is substantially more introspective and the music more developed . The album 's track listing was designed to resemble a therapy session , splitting the album between up-tempo tracks and ballads , reflecting conflicting emotions . Early sessions at Washington farm studio Bear Creek were poor and led the band to discard most of the recordings . The band regrouped without drummer William Goldsmith in early 1997 to record a second time at Hollywood 's Grandmaster Recordings , with Grohl sitting in on drums instead . Goldsmith was offended and disgruntled that most of his material was re-recorded and left the band shortly thereafter .   Main singles `` Monkey Wrench '' , `` Everlong '' and `` My Hero '' peaked within the top ten on United States rock radio , and the album charted at number three in the United Kingdom . Critics found the album a significant American rock release of the era , and it is now viewed as a seminal modern rock album . It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1998 for Best Rock Album . The Colour and the Shape is the Foo Fighters ' biggest U.S. seller , having sold over two million copies according to Nielsen SoundScan . The album was remastered and reissued in 2007 with several bonus tracks , celebrating its tenth anniversary .


Foo Fighters Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as `` foo fighters '' .   Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would rejoin them in 2006 .   They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 . The band 's seventh studio album , Wasting Light , produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011 , in which Smear returned as a full member . In November 2014 , the band 's eighth studio album , Sonic Highways , was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name .   Over the course of the band 's career , four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album . As of 2015 , the band 's eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U.S. , and 30 million worldwide .


Grammy Award for Best Rock Album The Grammy Award for Best Rock Album is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to recording artists for quality albums in the rock music genre . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   The award for Best Rock Album was first presented to the band The Rolling Stones in 1995 , and the name of the category has remained unchanged since then . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to `` vocal or instrumental rock , hard rock or metal albums containing at least 51 % playing time of newly recorded material '' . Since 1996 , award recipients have often included the producers , engineers , and/or mixers associated with the nominated work in addition to the recording artists .   The band Foo Fighters holds the record for the most wins in this category , with four . Two-time winners include Sheryl Crow , Green Day , U2 , and Muse . Foo Fighters and Neil Young hold the record for the most nominations , with six . Young also holds the record for the most nominations without a win .


Sonic Highways Sonic Highways is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Foo Fighters . It was produced by Butch Vig and was released on November 10 , 2014 , on RCA Records . In writing the album 's eight songs , singer and guitarist Dave Grohl traveled to eight cities across the United States to conduct interviews with musicians , recording engineers , record producers , and other individuals discussing each city 's musical history , which he used as inspiration for the songs ' lyrics . The band and Vig then traveled to a different recording location in each city to record the songs . Each track features contributions from one or more musicians with ties to that city 's musical history . The process was filmed for a companion television series , Foo Fighters : Sonic Highways , which was broadcast on HBO in the months surrounding the album 's release .


In Your Honor In Your Honor is the fifth studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on June 14 , 2005 by RCA Records . It is a double album , with one disc containing heavy rock songs and a second disc with mellower acoustic songs . Frontman Dave Grohl decided to do a diverse blend of songs as he felt that after ten years of existence , the band had to break new ground with their music . The album was recorded at a newly built studio in Northridge , Los Angeles , and featured guests such as John Paul Jones , Norah Jones and Josh Homme . The lyrics deal with both resonating and introspective themes , with a major influence from Grohl 's involvement on the campaign trail with John Kerry during the 2004 presidential election .   The promotional tour for the album included both rock shows in stadiums and acoustic gigs in smaller venues . Reviews for In Your Honor were mostly positive , praising the composition and sound , although some critics found the album overlong and inconsistent . The album was also nominated for five Grammy Awards , and topped the charts in five countries -- including Australia -- and reached the top five in five more , including number two in both the United States and the United Kingdom . In Your Honor also broke the band 's consecutive streak of Grammy Award for Best Rock Album wins that began in 1999 with There Is Nothing Left to Lose .


Foo Fighters (album) Foo Fighters is the debut studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on July 4 , 1995 , by Capitol Records through Dave Grohl 's label Roswell . Grohl wrote and recorded the entire album himself -- with the exception of a guest guitar spot by Greg Dulli -- with the assistance of producer Barrett Jones at Robert Lang Studios in Seattle , Washington , in 1994 . Grohl claimed he recorded the album just for fun , describing it as a cathartic experience to recover from the death of his Nirvana bandmate Kurt Cobain .   After Grohl completed the recordings , he chose the name `` Foo Fighters '' for the project to hide his identity and passed cassettes copies of the sessions to personal friends . After said tapes attracted record label interest , Grohl signed with Capitol and recruited a full band to perform the songs live . The album was promoted through extensive tours and six singles , two of which received music videos . Foo Fighters earned positive reviews praising the songwriting and performances , and was also a commercial success , becoming the band 's second-best-selling album in the United States and reaching the top five in the charts of United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand .


Joe Hart Charles Joseph John `` Joe '' Hart ( born 19 April 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A club Torino , on loan from Premier League club Manchester City , and the England national team . With over 100 Premier League clean sheets , Hart holds the record for the most Premier League Golden Glove awards ( four ) and has amassed 70 international caps since his debut in 2008 .   He began his career at his hometown club Shrewsbury Town in the Football Conference and League Two . In 2006 , he moved to top-flight Manchester City , having attracted the attention of several Premier League teams . He spent time on loan at Tranmere Rovers and Blackpool in his first season , before spending the 2009 -- 10 season at Birmingham City . Hart was nominated for the PFA Young Player of the Year and was voted as the Premier League goalkeeper of the 2009 -- 10 season in recognition of his performances at Birmingham . He returned to Manchester City for the 2010 -- 11 season and won the Golden Glove for keeping the most clean sheets throughout the Premier League season . Hart replicated this feat in the 2011 -- 12 season and was a key player during City 's title-winning campaign . He won the Golden Glove for the third year in a row in the following season , and earned a second Premier League title in 2014 . In 2015 , Hart once again won the Golden Glove award for the fourth time in five years . In 2015 , Hart was praised by Gianluigi Buffon who described him as the best goalkeeper in the world .   A former regular for England at Under-21 level , Hart made his senior international debut in June 2008 , and has been recognised as England 's first-choice goalkeeper since 2010 . He has gained 70 caps and was selected in England 's squads for two FIFA World Cups and as many UEFA European Championships .


Birmingham City F.C. Birmingham City Football Club ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋəm_ˈsɪti -RSB- , locally -LSB- ˈbɜːmɪŋɡəm -RSB- ) is a professional association football club based in the city of Birmingham , England . Formed in 1875 as Small Heath Alliance , they became Small Heath in 1888 , then Birmingham in 1905 , finally becoming Birmingham City in 1943 . The team compete in the EFL Championship , the second tier of the English football league system .   As Small Heath , they played in the Football Alliance before becoming founder members and first ever champions of the Football League Second Division . The most successful period in their history was in the 1950s and early 1960s . They achieved their highest finishing position of sixth in the First Division in the 1955 -- 56 season and reached the 1956 FA Cup Final , progressed to the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960 and 1961 , and won their first major trophy , the League Cup , in 1963 , beating Aston Villa 3 -- 1 on aggregate . They won the latter competition for the second time in 2011 . They have played in the top tier of English football for around half of their history : the longest period spent outside the top division , between 1986 and 2002 , included two brief spells in the third tier of the English League , during which time they twice won the Football League Trophy .   St Andrew 's has been their home ground since 1906 . They have a long-standing and fierce rivalry with Aston Villa , their nearest neighbours , with whom they play the Second City derby . The club 's nickname is Blues , after the colour of their kit , and their fans are known as Bluenoses .


Premier League The Premier League is an English professional league for men 's association football clubs . At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by 20 clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League ( EFL ; known as `` The Football League '' before 2016 -- 17 ) . Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify .   The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders . Seasons run from August to May . Teams play 38 matches each ( playing each team in the league twice , home and away ) , totalling 380 matches in the season . Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons ; others during weekday evenings . It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League ( EPL ) .   The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League , which was founded in 1888 , and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . The deal was worth # 1 billion a year domestically as of 2013 -- 14 , with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively . The league generates $ 2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights . In 2014/15 , teams were apportioned revenues of # 1.6 billion .   The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world , broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000 , second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga 's 43,500 . Most stadium occupancies are near capacity . The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons .   While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 , only six have won the title : Manchester United ( 13 ) , Chelsea ( 5 ) , Arsenal ( 3 ) , Manchester City ( 2 ) , Blackburn Rovers ( 1 ) and Leicester City ( 1 ) . The current champions are Chelsea , who secured the 2016 -- 17 title in early May 2017 .


2012–13 Premier League The 2012 -- 13 Premier League ( known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons ) was the 21st season of the Premier League , the English professional league for association football clubs , since its establishment in 1992 . The fixture schedule was released on 18 June 2012 . The season began on 18 August 2012 and ended on 19 May 2013 .   Manchester City were the defending champions , having won their first Premier League title the previous season . This was their first top division league title since the 1967 -- 68 season .   On 22 April 2013 , Manchester United won their 13th Premier League title and 20th English title overall by defeating Aston Villa 3 -- 0 at Old Trafford . This left reigning champions Manchester City 16 points behind with only 15 left to play for . It was the first time the title had been decided in April since Chelsea were the winners in 2005 -- 06 . It was also only the fourth time in the history of the Premier League that it had been won with at least four games remaining in the season , the last time being in 2003 -- 04 when Arsenal were champions . England national football team manager , Roy Hodgson declared that United 's manager , Sir Alex Ferguson , was a `` magician '' having won 13 titles in 21 seasons .   On 28 April 2013 , Queens Park Rangers and Reading were both relegated from the Premier League after a 0 -- 0 draw against each other . Queens Park had barely escaped relegation the prior season , and Reading 's relegation reversed their promotion into the league one season earlier . Wigan Athletic were the third and final club to be relegated , after a 4 -- 1 defeat to Arsenal on 14 May 2013 . This brought an end to their eight-year stay in the Premier League , and came 3 days after winning the season 's FA Cup . This made them the first ever club to win the FA Cup and suffer relegation in the same season .


EFL League Two The English Football League Two ( often referred to as League Two for short or Sky Bet League Two for sponsorship reasons ) is the third-highest and lowest division of the English Football League ( EFL ) and fourth-highest division overall in the English football league system .   Football League Two was introduced for the 2004 -- 05 season . It was previously known as the Football League Third Division . Before the advent of the Premier League , the fourth-highest division was known as the Football League Fourth Division .   At present ( 2016 -- 17 season ) , Accrington Stanley hold the longest tenure in League Two , last being outside the division in the 2005 -- 06 season when they were promoted from the league then known as the Conference National ( now the National League ) .


Manchester City F.C. Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester , England . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's ( West Gorton ) , they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 .   The club 's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship , FA Cup , League Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998 . Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s , the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world . Since 2011 the club have won five major honours , including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014 .   By 2015 -- 16 , Manchester City had the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of $ 463.5 million . In 2016 , Forbes magazine estimated they were the world 's sixth most valuable football club , worth $ 1.92 billion .


England national football team The England national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association , the governing body for football in England .   England are one of the two oldest national teams in football ; alongside Scotland , whom they played in the world 's first international football match in 1872 . England 's home ground is Wembley Stadium , London , and the current manager is Gareth Southgate . Although part of the United Kingdom , England has always had a representative side that plays in major professional tournaments , though not in the Olympic Games , as the IOC has always recognised United Kingdom representative sides .   England contest the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship , which alternate biennially . In contesting for the World Cup seventeen times over the past sixty four years , England won the 1966 World Cup , when they hosted the finals , and achieved a semi final appearance in 1990 . England have never won the UEFA European Football Championship -- after fifteen attempts over fifty-six years -- their best performances were semi final appearances at the 1968 and 1996 Championships , the latter of which they hosted .


PFA Young Player of the Year The Professional Footballers ' Association Young Player of the Year ( often called the PFA Young Player of the Year , or simply the Young Player of the Year ) is an annual award given to the player aged 23 or under at the start of the season who is adjudged to have been the best of the season in English football . The award has been presented since the 1973 -- 74 season and the winner is chosen by a vote amongst the members of the players ' trade union , the Professional Footballers ' Association ( PFA ) . The first winner of the award was Ipswich Town defender Kevin Beattie . The current holder is Dele Alli , who won the award for his performances throughout the 2016 -- 17 campaign for Tottenham Hotspur .   Although the award is open to players at all levels , all winners to date have played in the highest division of the English football league system . As of 2017 , only Ryan Giggs , Robbie Fowler , Wayne Rooney and Dele Alli have won the award on more than one occasion . Only five players from outside the United Kingdom have won the trophy , compared with nine winners of the main PFA Players ' Player of the Year award . Although they have their own dedicated award , players aged 23 or under at the start of the season remain eligible to win the Players ' Player of the Year award , and on three occasions the same player has won both awards for a season .   A shortlist of nominees is published in April and the winner of the award , along with the winners of the PFA 's other annual awards , is announced at a gala event in London a few days later . The players themselves consider the award to be highly prestigious , because the winner is chosen by his fellow professionals .


Jimmy Carter is an American peanut farmer.

Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. ( born October 1 , 1924 ) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the Governor of Georgia prior to his election as president . Carter has remained active in public life during his post-presidency , and in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the Carter Center .   Carter joined the United States Navy after graduating high school , serving on nuclear submarines . He left the Navy in 1953 to return to Georgia , where he worked as a peanut farmer . From 1963 to 1967 , Carter served in the Georgia State Senate . In 1970 , Carter won election as Governor of Georgia , defeating former Governor Carl Sanders in the Democratic primary . He served as governor from 1971 to 1975 . Despite being little-known outside of Georgia at the start of the campaign , Carter won the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination . In the general election , Carter defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford in a relatively close election .   On his second day in office , Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts . During Carter 's term as President , two new cabinet-level departments , the Department of Energy and the Department of Education , were established . He established a national energy policy that included conservation , price control , and new technology . In foreign affairs , Carter pursued the Camp David Accords , the Panama Canal Treaties , the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT II ) , and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama . On the economic front he confronted persistent `` stagflation '' , a combination of high inflation , high unemployment and slow growth . The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979 -- 1981 Iran hostage crisis , the 1979 energy crisis , the Three Mile Island nuclear accident , and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . In response to the invasion , Carter ended détente , escalated the Cold War , and led the international boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . In 1980 , Carter faced a primary challenge from Senator Ted Kennedy , but Carter won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention . Carter lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan . Polls of historians and political scientists usually rank Carter as a below average president .   In 2012 , he surpassed Herbert Hoover as the longest-retired president in U.S. history , and he is also the first president to mark the 40th anniversary of his inauguration . He set up the Carter Center in 1982 as his base for advancing human rights . He has also traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations , observe elections , and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations . Additionally , Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project and he has written several books about various topics . In reference to current political views , he has criticized some of Israel 's actions and policies in regards to the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two-state solution . He has vigorously opposed the Supreme Court 's decision in Citizens United v. FEC to strike down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions , saying that the U.S. is `` no longer a functioning democracy '' and now has a system of `` unlimited political bribery . ''


Andrew Stanton worked on a live action film.

Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton ( born December 3 , 1965 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , producer and voice actor based at Pixar . His film work includes writing and directing Pixar 's A Bug 's Life ( 1998 ) ( as co-director ) , Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) , and WALL-E ( 2008 ) , and the live-action film , Disney 's John Carter ( 2012 ) . He also co-wrote all three Toy Story films and Monsters , Inc. ( 2001 )   Finding Nemo and WALL-E earned him two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature . He was also nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay , for Finding Nemo , WALL-E , and Toy Story ( 1995 ) , and for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) . Stanton directed the sequel to Finding Nemo , Finding Dory , which was released in June 2016 .


The last episode of Inhumans released in 1999.

Inhumans (TV series) Marvel 's Inhumans , or simply Inhumans , is an upcoming American television series developed for ABC , based on the Marvel Comics race of the same name . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise . The series is produced by ABC Studios and Marvel Television , with IMAX Corporation as a financing partner and Scott Buck serving as showrunner .   The series is centered around Black Bolt , with Anson Mount in the role , and other members of the Inhuman Royal Family . A film from Marvel Studios based on the Inhumans began development in 2011 , before being announced in October 2014 for a November 2018 release as part of their Phase Three slate of films . The species was first introduced to the MCU in the second season of Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and the film was subsequently removed from Marvel Studios ' release schedule in April 2016 . Inhumans was announced in November , to be partly filmed on IMAX digital cameras and to be the first live-action television series to debut on IMAX screens . Buck joined the series the next month . Mount was cast in February 2017 , with Iwan Rheon , Serinda Swan , Eme Ikwuakor , Isabelle Cornish , Ken Leung , Ellen Woglom , Sonya Balmores , and Mike Moh also starring in the series . Filming began in March 2017 , at the former Naval Air Station Barbers Point airfield in Kalaeloa , Hawaii .   Inhumans is set to debut on IMAX screens on September 1 , 2017 , and run for two weeks , before premiering on ABC on September 22 , and airing eight episodes .


Grace Jones Grace Jones ( born 19 May 1948 ) is a Jamaican born singer , songwriter , lyricist , supermodel , record producer , and actress . Born in Jamaica , at age 13 she moved with her siblings to their parents ' home in Syracuse , New York . Jones began her modelling career in New York state , then in Paris , working for fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent and Kenzo , and appearing on the covers of Elle and Vogue . She worked with photographers such as Helmut Newton , Guy Bourdin , and Hans Feurer , and became known for her distinctive androgynous appearance and bold features .   In 1977 Jones secured a record deal with Island Records , initially becoming a star of New York City 's Studio 54-centered disco scene . In the early 1980s she moved toward a new wave style that drew on reggae , funk , post-punk , and pop music , frequently collaborating with both the graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude and the musical duo Sly & Robbie . Her most popular albums include Warm Leatherette ( 1980 ) , Nightclubbing ( 1981 ) , and Slave to the Rhythm ( 1985 ) . She scored Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart with `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' , `` I 've Seen That Face Before '' , `` Private Life '' , and `` Slave to the Rhythm '' . In 1982 , she released the music video collection A One Man Show , directed by Goude .   Jones appeared in some low-budget films in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s . In 1984 she made her first mainstream appearance as Zula in the fantasy-action film Conan the Destroyer alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sarah Douglas , and subsequently appeared in the 1985 James Bond movie A View to a Kill as May Day . In 1986 she played a vampire in Vamp , and acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 Eddie Murphy film Boomerang . She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film Wolf Girl . For her work in Conan the Destroyer , A View to a Kill , and Vamp , she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress .   In 1999 , Jones ranked 82nd on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll , and in 2008 , she was honored with a Q Idol Award . Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox , Lady Gaga , Rihanna , Lorde , Róisín Murphy , Brazilian Girls , Nile Rodgers , Santigold , Basement Jaxx and Stanka Brljevic . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 40th most successful dance artist of all time .


The New Adventures of Old Christine's main character is Elaine Bennes.

The New Adventures of Old Christine The New Adventures of Old Christine ( often shortened to simply Old Christine ) is an American television sitcom starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Christine Campbell , a middle-aged divorced mother who struggles to keep pace with those around her . Clark Gregg co-starred as her ex-husband Richard , with whom Christine maintains a close relationship despite their divorce , as well as Hamish Linklater as her brother Matthew and Wanda Sykes as her best friend Barb . It originally ran on CBS from March 13 , 2006 , to May 12 , 2010 .   The New Adventures of Old Christine was created and produced by Kari Lizer as well as Andy Ackerman ( who directed all 88 episodes of the series ) , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Television . The series received generally positive reviews from television critics and was nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards , winning one for Louis-Dreyfus ' performance in the first season . In May 2010 , CBS canceled The New Adventures of Old Christine after five seasons .


Christine Campbell (character) Christine `` Old Christine '' Campbell ( née Kimble ) is the title character of The New Adventures of Old Christine , portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus in her Primetime Emmy Award winning role . The series surrounds her as she starts to live a more complicated daily life when her ex-husband dates a younger woman , also named Christine . Julia Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Christine , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2006 .


Poona Pact The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India .   History of the Poona Pact  The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians . Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar . Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs . The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji . Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever . He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 .   The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 .


Katharine Hepburn Katharine Houghton Hepburn ( May 12 , 1907 -- June 29 , 2003 ) was an American actress . Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality , Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years . She appeared in a range of genres , from screwball comedy to literary drama , and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress -- a record for any performer . In 1999 , Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema .   Raised in Connecticut by wealthy , progressive parents , Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College . After four years in the theatre , favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood . Her early years in the film industry were marked with success , including an Academy Award for her third picture , Morning Glory ( 1933 ) , but this was followed by a series of commercial failures that led her to be labeled `` box office poison '' in 1938 . Hepburn masterminded her own comeback , buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story , which she sold on the condition that she be the star . In the 1940s , she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy . The screen-partnership spanned 25 years and produced nine movies .   Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life , as she regularly appeared in Shakespearean stage productions and tackled a range of literary roles . She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters , such as in The African Queen ( 1951 ) , a persona the public embraced . Three more Oscars came for her work in Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner ( 1967 ) , The Lion in Winter ( 1968 ) , and On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) . In the 1970s , she began appearing in television films , which became the focus of her career in later life . She remained active into old age , making her final screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87 . After a period of inactivity and ill health , Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96 .   Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine and refused to conform to society 's expectations of women . She was outspoken , assertive , athletic , and wore trousers before it was fashionable for women to do so . She married once , as a young woman , but thereafter lived independently . A 26-year affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy was hidden from the public . With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen , Hepburn epitomized the `` modern woman '' in the 20th-century United States and is remembered as an important cultural figure .


Academy Award for Best Actress The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry .   The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven , Street Angel , and Sunrise . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy .   In the first three years of the awards , actresses were nominated as the best in their categories . At that time , all of their work during the qualifying period ( as many as three films , in some cases ) was listed after the award . However , during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930 , only one of those films was cited in each winner 's final award , even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots .   The following year , this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film . Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937 , the category was officially limited to five nominations per year . One actress has been nominated posthumously , Jeanne Eagels . Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category . Elizabeth I of England ( two times by Cate Blanchett ) , Leslie Crosbie in The Letter , and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born . Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting ; they are Greta Garbo , Barbara Stanwyck , Mary Pickford , Deborah Kerr , Gena Rowlands , and Sophia Loren .   Since its inception , the award has been given to 74 actresses . Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category , with four Oscars . Meryl Streep , who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations ( three wins ) , has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions , resulting in two awards . As of the 2017 ceremony , Emma Stone is the most recent winner in this category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land .


On Golden Pond (1981 film) On Golden Pond is a 1981 American drama film directed by Mark Rydell . The screenplay by Ernest Thompson was adapted from his 1979 play of the same name .   Henry Fonda won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama and the Academy Award for Best Actor in what was his final film role . Co-star Katharine Hepburn won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the Academy Award for Best Actress as did Thompson for his script , and there were a further seven Oscar nominations for the film , including Jane Fonda , who played the daughter . The film co-starred Dabney Coleman and Doug McKeon .


The African Queen (film) The African Queen is a 1951 British-American adventure film adapted from the 1935 novel of the same name by C. S. Forester . The film was directed by John Huston and produced by Sam Spiegel and John Woolf . The screenplay was adapted by James Agee , John Huston , John Collier and Peter Viertel . It was photographed in Technicolor by Jack Cardiff and had a music score by Allan Gray . The film stars Humphrey Bogart ( who won the Academy Award for Best Actor -- his only Oscar ) , and Katharine Hepburn with Robert Morley , Peter Bull , Walter Gotell , Richard Marner and Theodore Bikel .   The African Queen was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1994 , with the Library of Congress deeming it `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . The film currently holds a 100 % `` Fresh '' rating on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 37 reviews .


Back to the Future Part II Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale . It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy . The film stars Michael J. Fox , Christopher Lloyd , Thomas F. Wilson , and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film . After repairing the damage to history done by his previous time travel adventures , Marty McFly ( Fox ) and his friend Dr. Emmett `` Doc '' Brown ( Lloyd ) travel to 2015 to prevent McFly 's future son from ending up imprisoned . However , their presence allows Biff Tannen ( Wilson ) to steal Doc 's DeLorean time machine and travel to 1955 , where he alters history by making his younger self wealthy .   The film was produced on a $ 40-million budget and was filmed back-to-back with its sequel , Part III . Filming began in February 1989 after two years were spent building the sets and writing the scripts . Two actors from the first film , Crispin Glover and Claudia Wells , did not return for the final two . While Elisabeth Shue was recast in the role of Wells ' character , Jennifer , Glover 's character , George McFly , was not only minimized in the plot , but also was obscured and recreated with another actor . Glover successfully sued both Zemeckis and Gale , changing how producers can deal with the departure and replacement of actors in a role . Back to the Future Part II was also a ground-breaking project for effects studio Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) : In addition to digital compositing , ILM used the VistaGlide motion control camera system , which allowed an actor to portray multiple characters simultaneously on-screen without sacrificing camera movement .   Back to the Future Part II was released by Universal Pictures on November 22 , 1989 . The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $ 331 million worldwide , making it the third-highest-grossing film of 1989 .