War of the Worlds was directed by Yoko Ogawa.

War of the Worlds (2005 film) War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction disaster film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp , loosely based on the novel of the same title by H. G. Wells . It stars Tom Cruise , Dakota Fanning , Justin Chatwin , Miranda Otto and Tim Robbins , with narration by Morgan Freeman . In the film , an American dock worker is forced to look after his children , from whom he lives separately , as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with towering war machines .   The film was shot in 73 days , using five different sound stages as well as locations in California , Connecticut , New Jersey , New York , and Virginia . The film was surrounded by a secrecy campaign so few details would be leaked before its release . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Hitachi . The film was released in the United States on June 29 and in United Kingdom on July 1 . War of the Worlds was a box office success , and became 2005 's fourth most successful film both domestically , with $ 234 million in North America , and $ 591 million overall . At the time of release , it was the highest-grossing film starring Tom Cruise .


Girls' Generation Girls ' Generation , also known as SNSD , is a South Korean girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment . The group is composed of eight members : Taeyeon , Sunny , Tiffany , Hyoyeon , Yuri , Sooyoung , Yoona , and Seohyun . Originally a nine-piece group ( with Jessica , who later departed from the group in September 2014 ) , Girls ' Generation debuted in 2007 with their Korean eponymous debut album . Though the album gained some attention , it was not until 2009 that the group rose to fame with the single `` Gee '' , which claimed the top spot on KBS 's Music Bank for a record-breaking nine consecutive weeks and was named the most popular song of the 2000s in South Korea by Melon . Girls ' Generation further consolidated their popularity on the South Korean music scene with follow-up singles `` Tell Me Your Wish ( Genie ) '' , `` Oh ! '' , and `` Run Devil Run '' , which were released in mid-2009 and early 2010 .   In mid-2010 , Girls ' Generation signed with Nayutawave Records ( present-day EMI Records Japan ) to venture into the Japanese music scene . Their June 2011 self-titled Japanese debut album peaked atop the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart and became the first album by a non-Japanese girl group to be certified million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan . The group 's third Korean studio album The Boys was released in October 2011 and became the best-selling album of 2011 in South Korea with sales of over 380,000 copies . An English version of the single `` The Boys '' was released by Interscope Records in an attempt to expand the group 's endeavor to the global music scene . The group 's 2013 fourth Korean studio album I Got a Boy was supported by the single `` I Got a Boy '' , which was subjected to major attention from Western media following its winning the Video of the Year award at the inaugural YouTube Music Awards . Their fifth Korean studio album , Lion Heart , was released in 2015 .   Girls ' Generation 's signature musical styles are characterized as electropop and bubblegum pop , though their sounds have varied widely , incorporating various genres including hip hop , R&B , and EDM . They have sold over 4.4 million albums and 30 million digital singles as of 2012 . The group 's immense popularity in their native country South Korea has earned them numerous accolades and the titles `` The Nation 's Singers '' and `` The Nation 's Girl Group '' . Girls ' Generation is also deemed one of the prominent figures of the Korean Wave and one of the most popular K-pop acts internationally . They are the first Asian girl group to achieve five music videos with over 100 million views on YouTube : `` Gee '' , `` I Got a Boy '' , `` The Boys '' , `` Mr. Taxi '' , and `` Oh ! '' . In Japan , they became the first non-Japanese girl group to have three number-one albums on the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart , and their three Japanese concert tours attracted a record-breaking 550,000 spectators , more than any other Korean girl groups .


Psychological findings are linked to research and perspectives from social sciences.

Psychology Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases .   In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors .   Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion ( affect ) , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation ( conation ) , brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy .   While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings ( e.g. , medical schools , hospitals ) . Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law .


The Arab Republic of Egypt is the official name of Egypt.

Egypt Egypt ( -LSB- ˈiːdʒɪpt -RSB- ; مِصر , مَصر , Kimi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba to the east , the Red Sea to the east and south , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia , although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt .   Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country , emerging as one of the world 's first nation states in the tenth millennium BC . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide . Egypt 's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and at times assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman , and European . One of the earliest centres of Christianity , Egypt was Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority .   With over 92 million inhabitants , Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world , the third-most populous in Africa ( after Nigeria and Ethiopia ) , and the fifteenth-most populous in the world . The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River , an area of about 40000 km2 , where the only arable land is found . The large regions of the Sahara desert , which constitute most of Egypt 's territory , are sparsely inhabited . About half of Egypt 's residents live in urban areas , with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo , Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta .   Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power , with significant cultural , political , and military influence in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world . Egypt 's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East , and is projected to become one of the largest in the 21st century . Egypt is a member of the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , Arab League , African Union , and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation .


The 1998 NFL Draft was held at Madison Square Garden.

The Theater at Madison Square Garden The Theater at Madison Square Garden ( originally called the Felt Forum ) is a theater located in New York City 's Madison Square Garden . It seats between 2,000 and 5,600 for concerts and can also be used for meetings , stage shows and graduation ceremonies . No seat is more than 177 ft from the 30 ' × 64 ' stage . The theatre has a relatively low 20 ft ceiling at stage level and all of its seating except for boxes on the two side walls is on one level slanted back from the stage . There is an 8000 sqft lobby at the theater .


1998 NFL Draft The 1998 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 18 -- 19 , 1998 , at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City , New York . The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season .   Before the draft , there was a debate on whether the Indianapolis Colts should select Peyton Manning or Ryan Leaf with the first overall pick ; both were considered excellent prospects and future franchise quarterbacks . Leaf was considered to have more upside and a stronger throwing arm , while Manning was considered a prospect who was NFL ready and more mature . On the day of the draft , the Colts selected Manning due to Leaf 's disdain for Indianapolis . Manning went on to win the Most Valuable Player award in five different seasons , the most of any NFL player ever , whereas Leaf was out of the NFL by 2002 and is considered one of the biggest draft busts in NFL history .


Zeus Zeus -LSB- ˈzju : s -RSB- ( Ζεύς , Zeús , -LSB- zdeǔ̯s -RSB- Modern Δίας , Días -LSB- ˈði.as -RSB- ) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion , who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus . His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter . His mythologies and powers are similar , though not identical , to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra , Jupiter , Perun , Thor , and Odin .   Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea , the youngest of his siblings to be born , though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus 's stomach . In most traditions , he is married to Hera , by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares , Hebe , and Hephaestus . At the oracle of Dodona , his consort was said to be Dione , by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite . Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades . These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring , including Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Hermes , Persephone , Dionysus , Perseus , Heracles , Helen of Troy , Minos , and the Muses .   He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned the others to their roles : `` Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father , and all the gods rise in his presence . '' He was equated with many foreign weather gods , permitting Pausanias to observe `` That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men '' . Zeus ' symbols are the thunderbolt , eagle , bull , and oak . In addition to his Indo-European inheritance , the classical `` cloud-gatherer '' ( Greek : Νεφεληγερέτα , Nephelēgereta ) also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East , such as the scepter . Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses : standing , striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand , or seated in majesty .


The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California .   The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .


Chris Weitz Christopher John `` Chris '' Weitz ( born November 30 , 1969 ) is an American film producer , screenwriter , author , occasional actor , and film director . He is the brother of filmmaker Paul Weitz . He is best known for his work with his brother on the comedy films American Pie and About a Boy , the latter of which was Oscar-nominated for adapted screenplay . Weitz directed the film adaptation of the novel The Golden Compass and the film adaptation of New Moon from the series of Twilight books , as well wrote the screenplay for Disney 's 2015 live-action adaptation of Cinderella and co-wrote Rogue One : A Star Wars Story alongside with Tony Gilroy .


Funny Girl (film) Funny Girl is a 1968 American biographical romantic musical comedy-drama film directed by William Wyler . The screenplay by Isobel Lennart was adapted from her book for the stage musical of the same title . It is loosely based on the life and career of Broadway and film star and comedian Fanny Brice and her stormy relationship with entrepreneur and gambler Nicky Arnstein .   Produced by Brice 's son-in-law , Ray Stark , with music and lyrics by Jule Styne and Bob Merrill , the film stars Barbra Streisand ( reprising her Broadway role ) as Brice and Omar Sharif as Arnstein , with a supporting cast featuring Kay Medford , Anne Francis , Walter Pidgeon , Lee Allen , and Mae Questel .   Streisand won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance , tying with Katharine Hepburn ( The Lion in Winter ) . In 2006 , the American Film Institute ranked the film # 16 on its list commemorating AFI 's Greatest Movie Musicals . Previously it had ranked the film # 41 in its 2002 list of 100 Years ... 100 Passions , the songs `` People '' and `` Do n't Rain on My Parade '' at # 13 and # 46 , respectively , in its 2004 list of 100 Years ... 100 Songs , and the line `` Hello , gorgeous '' at # 81 in its 2005 list of 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes . Funny Girl is considered one of the greatest musical films ever .   In 2016 , Funny Girl was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress , and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry


Harry Styles and his bandmates released the album Midnight Memories.

Harry Styles Harry Edward Styles ( born 1 February 1994 ) is an English singer and songwriter . He is known as a member of the pop boy band One Direction . He made his debut as a singer with his band White Eskimo , who performed locally in Holmes Chapel , Cheshire . In 2010 , Styles auditioned as a solo artist for the British television series The X Factor . After being eliminated as a solo performer , Styles was brought back into the competition , along with four other contestants , Niall Horan , Zayn Malik , Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson , to form One Direction .   Styles and his bandmates have released the albums Up All Night ( 2011 ) , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) , Midnight Memories ( 2013 ) , Four ( 2014 ) , and Made in the A.M. ( 2015 ) . They have also performed on two worldwide tours , one featured on concert film One Direction : This Is Us , and won several awards , including five Brit Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards .   On 23 June 2016 it was reported by Billboard that Styles had signed a three-album solo recording deal with Columbia Records , the same label behind One Direction . Styles will make his acting debut in the war film Dunkirk in July 2017 . Preceded by its first solo single `` Sign of the Times '' , his self-titled debut album was released on 12 May 2017 .


Minneapolis is just south of the Mississippi River's confluence with the Minnesota River.

Minneapolis Minneapolis ( -LSB- mɪniˈæpəlɪs -RSB- ) is the county seat of Hennepin County , and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2015 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest , after Chicago .   Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with thirteen lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls , many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle , with Minneapolis proper containing America 's fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies . As an integral link to the global economy , Minneapolis is categorized as a global city . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince .   The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag , the city 's first schoolteacher , who combined mni , a Dakota Sioux word for water , and polis , the Greek word for city .


The Dark Knight (film) is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time, unadjusted for inflation.

The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos .   Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker .   A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .


Brian Eno Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno , RDI ( -LSB- ˈiːnoʊ -RSB- born 15 May 1948 and originally christened Brian Peter George Eno ) is an English musician , composer , record producer , singer , writer , and visual artist . He is best known for his pioneering work in rock , ambient , pop , and electronic music . A self-described `` non-musician '' , Eno has helped to introduce a variety of unique conceptual approaches and recording techniques into contemporary music , advocating a methodology of `` theory over practice '' throughout his career . He has been described as one of popular music 's most influential and innovative figures .   Born in Suffolk , Eno studied painting and experimental music at art school in the late 1960s before joining glam rock group Roxy Music as synthesizer player in 1971 . After recording two albums with the band , he departed in 1973 to record a number of solo albums , contributing to and ultimately coining the concept of ambient music with works such as Another Green World ( 1975 ) , Discreet Music ( 1975 ) , and Music for Airports ( 1978 ) . He took part in frequent collaborations with artists such as Robert Fripp , Harold Budd , Cluster , David Bowie on his `` Berlin Trilogy '' , and David Byrne on 1981 's My Life in the Bush of Ghosts . During the 1970s , Eno would also begin a parallel career as a producer , which included work on albums by Talking Heads and Devo , the no wave compilation No New York ( 1978 ) , and recordings by avant-garde artists such as John Cale , Jon Hassell , Laraaji , and Harold Budd , among others .   In subsequent decades , Eno continued to record solo albums , collaborate , and produce for other artists , including U2 , Coldplay , Laurie Anderson , James , Grace Jones , and Slowdive . Dating back to his time as a student , he has also pursued a variety of multimedia projects in parallel with his music career , including sound installations and his mid-70s co-development of Oblique Strategies , a deck of cards featuring cryptic aphorisms  intended to spur creative thinking . He continues to release music , produce , and write , and maintains a regular column in Prospect Magazine .


Robert Carlyle Robert Carlyle , OBE ( born 14 April 1961 ) is a Scottish actor . His film work includes Trainspotting ( 1996 ) , The Full Monty ( 1997 ) , The World Is Not Enough ( 1999 ) , and Angela 's Ashes ( 1999 ) . He has been in the television shows Hamish Macbeth , Stargate Universe , and Once Upon a Time . He won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for The Full Monty and a Gemini Award for Stargate Universe .


Alun Armstrong Alan Armstrong ( born 17 July 1946 ) , known professionally as Alun Armstrong , is an English actor . Armstrong grew up in County Durham in North East England . He first became interested in acting through Shakespeare productions at his grammar school . Since his career began in the early 1970s , he has played , in his words , `` the full spectrum of characters from the grotesque to musicals ... I always play very colourful characters , often a bit crazy , despotic , psychotic '' .   His numerous credits include several different Charles Dickens adaptations and the eccentric ex-detective Brian Lane in New Tricks . Armstrong is also an accomplished stage actor who spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company . He originated the role of Thénardier in the London production of Les Misérables and he won an Olivier Award for playing the title role in Sweeney Todd .


Joss Stone Joscelyn Eve Stoker ( born 11 April 1987 ) , better known by her stage name Joss Stone , is an English singer , songwriter and actress . She rose to fame in late 2003 with her multi-platinum debut album , The Soul Sessions , which made the 2004 Mercury Prize shortlist . Her second album , the similarly multi-platinum Mind Body & Soul , topped the UK Albums Chart for one week and spawned the top ten hit `` You Had Me '' , Stone 's most successful single on the UK Singles Chart to date . Both the album and single received one nomination at the 2005 Grammy Awards , while Stone herself was nominated for Best New Artist , and in an annual BBC poll of music critics , Sound of 2004 , was ranked fifth as a predicted breakthrough act of 2004 . She became the youngest British female singer to top the UK Albums Chart . Stone 's third album , Introducing Joss Stone , released in March 2007 , achieved gold record status by the RIAA and yielded the second-ever highest debut for a British female solo artist on the Billboard 200 , and became Stone 's first top five album in the US .   She released her fourth album , Colour Me Free ! , on 20 October 2009 , which reached the top 10 on Billboard . Stone released her fifth album , LP1 , on 22 July 2011 , which reached the top 10 on Billboard . Throughout her career , Stone has sold 14 million albums worldwide , establishing herself as one of the best-selling artists of her time , best-selling soul artists of the 2000s and best-selling British artists of her time . Her first three albums have sold over 2,722,000 copies in the US , while her first two albums have sold over 2,000,000 copies in the UK .   Stone has earned numerous accolades , including two Brit Awards and one Grammy Award out of five nominations . She also made her film acting debut in 2006 with the fantasy adventure film Eragon , and made her television debut portraying Anne of Cleves in the Showtime series The Tudors in 2009 . Stone was the youngest woman on the 2006 Sunday Times Rich List -- an annual list of the UK 's wealthiest people -- with # 6 million . In 2012 , her net worth was estimated to be # 10 million , making her the fifth richest British musician under 30 . The Soul Sessions Vol . 2 ( 2012 ) is her fourth consecutive album to reach the top 10 on the Billboard 200 .


Jeremy Irons Jeremy John Irons ( born 19 September 1948 ) is an English actor . After receiving classical training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School , Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969 and has since appeared in many West End theatre productions , including The Winter 's Tale , Macbeth , Much Ado About Nothing , The Taming of the Shrew , Godspell , Richard II , and Embers . In 1984 , he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard 's The Real Thing and received a Tony Award for Best Actor .   Irons ' first major film role came in the 1981 romantic drama The French Lieutenant 's Woman , for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor . After starring in dramas such as Moonlighting ( 1982 ) , Betrayal ( 1983 ) , and The Mission ( 1986 ) , he gained critical acclaim for portraying twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg 's psychological thriller Dead Ringers ( 1988 ) . In 1990 , Irons played accused murderer Claus von Bülow in Reversal of Fortune , and took home multiple awards , including an Academy Award for Best Actor .   Other notable films have included Steven Soderbergh 's mystery thriller Kafka ( 1991 ) , the period drama The House of the Spirits ( 1993 ) , the romantic drama M. Butterfly ( 1993 ) , the voice of Scar in Disney 's The Lion King ( 1994 ) , Simon Gruber in the action film Die Hard with a Vengeance ( 1995 ) , the drama Lolita ( 1997 ) , Musketeer Aramis in The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1998 ) , the action adventure Dungeons & Dragons ( 2000 ) , the drama The Merchant of Venice ( 2004 ) , the drama Being Julia ( 2004 ) , the epic historical drama Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , the fantasy-adventure Eragon ( 2006 ) , the Western Appaloosa ( 2008 ) , and the indie drama Margin Call ( 2011 ) . In 2016 , he appeared in Assassin 's Creed and , starting that year , he plays Alfred Pennyworth in the DC Extended Universe , beginning with Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , and later reprising the role in Justice League ( 2017 ) and The Batman ( TBA ) .   Irons has also made several notable appearances on TV . He earned his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his break-out role in the ITV series Brideshead Revisited ( 1981 ) . In 2005 , Irons starred opposite Helen Mirren in the historical miniseries Elizabeth I , for which he received a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor . From 2011 to 2013 he starred as Pope Alexander VI in the Showtime historical series The Borgias . He is one of the few actors who won the `` Triple Crown of Acting '' , winning an Academy Award ( for film ) , an Emmy Award ( television ) and a Tony Award ( for theatre ) . In October 2011 , he was nominated Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .


Rachel Weisz Rachel Hannah Weisz ( -LSB- ˈvaɪs -RSB- born 7 March 1970 ) is a British-American actress .   Weisz began her acting career in the early 1990s , appearing in Inspector Morse , Scarlet and Black and Advocates II . She made her film debut in Death Machine ( 1994 ) . Her first Hollywood appearance was in Chain Reaction ( 1996 ) , opposite Keanu Reeves and Morgan Freeman .   She has worked in theatre . Her stage breakthrough was the 1994 revival of Noël Coward 's play Design for Living , which earned her the London Critics ' Circle Award for the most promising newcomer . Weisz 's performances also include the 1999 Donmar Warehouse production of Tennessee Williams ' Suddenly , Last Summer , and their 2009 revival of A Streetcar Named Desire . Her portrayal of Blanche DuBois in the latter play earned her the Olivier Award for Best Actress .   Weisz appeared in the film , The Mummy in 1999 , and The Mummy Returns in 2001 . Other films that followed are Enemy at the Gates ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , Constantine ( 2005 ) and Darren Aronofsky 's The Fountain . For her supporting role in the drama thriller The Constant Gardener ( 2005 ) , opposite Ralph Fiennes , she received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe and a Screen Actors ' Guild award . In 2006 , Weisz received the BAFTA Britannia Award for British Artist of the Year . She starred in Oz the Great and Powerful in 2013 . In 2015 , she appeared in two Cannes Film Festival films , Youth and The Lobster .   Weisz portrays Deborah Lipstadt in Denial ( 2016 ) . The film is based on Lipstadt 's book and is directed by Mick Jackson .


Ed Speleers Edward John `` Ed '' Speleers ( born 7 April 1988 ) is an English actor and producer . He is best known for playing the title role in the 2006 film Eragon , as well as starring in Golden Globe and Emmy award-winning TV series Downton Abbey .


Eragon (film) Eragon is a 2006 British-American action-fantasy film directed by Stefen Fangmeier ( in his directorial debut ) and written by Peter Buchman , based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Paolini . The film stars Ed Speleers in the title role as well as Jeremy Irons , Garrett Hedlund , Sienna Guillory , Robert Carlyle , John Malkovich , Djimon Hounsou , Alun Armstrong and Joss Stone , with Rachel Weisz as the voice of Saphira the dragon .   Principal photography took place at the Mafilm Fót Studios in Hungary , starting on August 1 , 2005 . Visual effects and animation were by Weta Digital and Industrial Light & Magic . Eragon was released worldwide between December 13 and December 15 , 2006 by 20th Century Fox . It was the 10th worst reviewed film of 2006 on Rotten Tomatoes , but the 31st highest-grossing film of 2006 in the US . The film was released for home entertainment on March 20 , 2007 . It is notable for being the last film to be released on VHS in the United States .


John Malkovich John Gavin Malkovich ( born December 9 , 1953 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He has appeared in more than 70 films . For his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire , he received Academy Award nominations . He has also appeared in films such as Empire of the Sun , The Killing Fields , Con Air , Of Mice and Men , Rounders , Ripley 's Game , Knockaround Guys , Being John Malkovich , Shadow of the Vampire , Burn After Reading , RED , Mulholland Falls , Dangerous Liaisons , and Warm Bodies , as well as producing films such as Ghost World , Juno , and The Perks of Being a Wallflower .   In January 2017 , he launched his menswear fashion line with an online shop .


Djimon Hounsou Djimon Gaston Hounsou ( -LSB- ˈdʒaɪmən_ˈhɒnsuː -RSB- -LSB- dʒimɔ̃ unsu -RSB- ; born April 24 , 1964 ) is a Beninese-American actor and model . Hounsou began his career appearing in music videos . He made his film debut in the Sandra Bernhard film Without You I 'm Nothing ( 1990 ) and gained widespread recognition for his role as Cinqué in the Steven Spielberg film Amistad ( 1997 ) . He gained further recognition for his roles in Gladiator ( 2000 ) , In America ( 2003 ) , Blood Diamond ( 2006 ) , receiving Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nominations for both the latter films , as well as for his roles in Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) and Furious 7 ( 2015 ) . He has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards .


Sienna Guillory Sienna Tiggy Guillory ( -LSB- ˈɡɪləri -RSB- born 16 March 1975 ) is an English actress and former model . She is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Jill Valentine in several entries of the Resident Evil action-horror film series . Other prominent roles include elf princess Arya Dröttningu in the fantasy-adventure film , Eragon , and the title role in the TV miniseries , Helen of Troy .   More recently , Guillory has taken on starring roles in popular TV shows including Fortitude , Stan Lee 's Lucky Man and Luther .


Garrett Hedlund Garrett Hedlund ( born September 3 , 1984 ) is an American actor , model and singer . His films include Friday Night Lights ( 2004 ) , Troy ( 2004 ) , Four Brothers ( 2005 ) , Eragon ( 2006 ) , Country Strong ( 2010 ) , Tron : Legacy ( 2010 ) , On the Road ( 2012 ) , Inside Llewyn Davis ( 2013 ) , Unbroken ( 2014 ) , and Pan ( 2015 ) .


Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart ( -LSB- ˈɛərhɑrt -RSB- July 24 , 1897 -- disappeared July 2 , 1937 ) was an American aviation pioneer and author . Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean . She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment . She set many other records , wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines , an organization for female pilots . In 1935 , Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students . She was also a member of the National Woman 's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment .   During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra , Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island . Fascination with her life , career and disappearance continues to this day .


Richard Ramirez did the illegal act of invading someone's home.

Richard Ramirez Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramírez , known as Richard Ramirez ( February 29 , 1960 -- June 7 , 2013 ) , was an American serial killer , rapist , and burglar . His highly publicized home invasion crime spree terrorized the residents of the greater Los Angeles area , and later the residents of the San Francisco area , from June 1984 until August 1985 . Prior to his capture , Ramirez was dubbed the `` Night Stalker '' by the news media . He used a wide variety of weapons , including handguns , knives , a machete , a tire iron , and a hammer . Ramirez , who was an avowed Satanist , never expressed any remorse for his crimes . The judge who upheld his thirteen death sentences remarked that Ramirez 's deeds exhibited `` cruelty , callousness , and viciousness beyond any human understanding '' . Ramirez died of complications from B-cell lymphoma while awaiting execution on California 's death row .


Robert Wagner left his autobiography unpublished and untitled.

Robert Wagner Robert John Wagner , Jr. ( pronounced -LSB- ˈwægnər -RSB- born February 10 , 1930 ) is an American actor of stage , screen , and television , best known for starring in the television shows It Takes a Thief ( 1968 -- 70 ) , Switch ( 1975 -- 78 ) , and Hart to Hart ( 1979 -- 84 ) . He also had a recurring role as Teddy Leopold on the TV sitcom Two and a Half Men and has a recurring role as Anthony DiNozzo Sr. on the police procedural NCIS .   In movies , Wagner is known for his role as Number Two in the Austin Powers trilogy of films ( 1997 , 1999 , 2002 ) , as well as for A Kiss Before Dying , The Pink Panther , Harper , The Towering Inferno and many more .   Wagner 's autobiography , Pieces of My Heart : A Life , written with author Scott Eyman , was published on September 23 , 2008 .


Community has yet to enter into broadcast syndication.

Community (TV series) Community is an American television sitcom created by Dan Harmon that aired on NBC and Yahoo! Screen from September 17 , 2009 to June 2 , 2015 . The series follows an ensemble cast of characters played by Joel McHale , Gillian Jacobs , Danny Pudi , Yvette Nicole Brown , Alison Brie , Donald Glover , Ken Jeong , Chevy Chase , and Jim Rash at a community college in the fictional town of Greendale , Colorado . It makes heavy use of meta-humor and pop culture references , often parodying film and television clichés and tropes .   Harmon based the program on his own experiences attending a community college . Each episode was written in accordance with Harmon 's `` story circle '' template , a methodology designed to create effective , structured storytelling . Harmon served as the series ' showrunner for its first three seasons , but was fired prior to the fourth and replaced by writers David Guarascio and Moses Port . After a lukewarm response from fans and critics , Harmon was re-hired for the show 's fifth broadcast season , after which it was cancelled by NBC . Yahoo! Screen commissioned a sixth season , which premiered on March 17 , 2015 , and concluded on June 2 with the series finale .   Community received acclaim for its acting and writing , and appeared on numerous critics ' year-end `` best-of '' lists for 2009 , 2010 , and 2011 . It developed a cult following , united by the mantra `` Six seasons and a movie '' , a line from the second-season episode `` Paradigms of Human Memory '' . The show completed six seasons and a film adaptation is in development . The show entered broadcast syndication in 2013 , was released on DVD , and has been available to stream through Hulu in the U.S. , Stan in Australia , and Netflix in the UK , Canada , Ireland , and Latin America .


Sam Walton's full name was Sam Amanda Walton.

Sam Walton Samuel Moore `` Sam '' Walton ( March 29 , 1918 -- April 5 , 1992 ) was an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam 's Club .


Psychological horror depends on the mental, emotional, and psychological status of characters to frighten or unsettle readers, viewers, or players.

Psychological horror Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction , which relies on the mental , emotional and psychological status of characters to frighten or unsettle readers , viewers , or players . The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller , and it often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable , unreliable , or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense and horror of the setting and plot and to provide an overall unpleasant , unsettling , or distressing atmosphere .


Ulysses S. Grant was in the American Civil War.

Vicksburg Campaign The Vicksburg Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War directed against Vicksburg , Mississippi , a fortress city that dominated the last Confederate-controlled section of the Mississippi River . The Union Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gained control of the river by capturing this stronghold and defeating Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton 's forces stationed there .   The campaign consisted of many important naval operations , troop maneuvers , failed initiatives , and eleven distinct battles from December 26 , 1862 , to July 4 , 1863 . Military historians divide the campaign into two formal phases : Operations Against Vicksburg ( December 1862 -- January 1863 ) and Grant 's Operations Against Vicksburg ( March -- July 1863 ) .   Grant initially planned a two-pronged approach in which half of his army , under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman , would advance to the Yazoo River and attempt to reach Vicksburg from the northeast , while Grant took the remainder of the army down the Mississippi Central Railroad . Both of these initiatives failed . Grant conducted a number of `` experiments '' or expeditions -- Grant 's Bayou Operations -- that attempted to enable waterborne access to the Mississippi south of Vicksburg 's artillery batteries . All five of these initiatives failed as well . Finally , Union gunboats and troop transport boats ran the batteries at Vicksburg and met up with Grant 's men who had marched overland in Louisiana . On April 29 and April 30 , 1863 , Grant 's army crossed the Mississippi and landed at Bruinsburg , Mississippi . An elaborate series of demonstrations and diversions fooled the Confederates and the landings occurred without opposition . Over the next 17 days , Grant maneuvered his army inland and won five battles , captured the state capital of Jackson , Mississippi , and assaulted and laid siege to Vicksburg .   After Pemberton 's army surrendered on July 4 ( one day after the Confederate defeat at Gettysburg ) , and when Port Hudson surrendered to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks on July 9 , Texas and Arkansas were effectively cut off from the Confederacy , and the Mississippi River was once again open for northern commerce to reach the Gulf of Mexico , and as a supply line for the Union Army . Grant 's Vicksburg Campaign is studied as a masterpiece of military operations and a major turning point of the war .


Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh , also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing , was a major battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War , fought April 6 -- 7 , 1862 , in southwestern Tennessee . A Union force known as the Army of the Tennessee under Major General Ulysses S. Grant had moved via the Tennessee River deep into Tennessee and was encamped principally at Pittsburg Landing , Tennessee on the west bank of that river , where the Confederate Army of Mississippi , under General Albert Sidney Johnston and second-in-command P. G. T. Beauregard , launched a surprise attack on Grant 's army from its base in Corinth , Mississippi . Johnston was mortally wounded during the fighting ; Beauregard , who thus succeeded to command of the army , decided against pressing the attack late in the evening . Overnight Grant was reinforced by one of his own divisions stationed further north and was joined by three divisions from another Union army under Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell . This allowed them to launch an unexpected counterattack the next morning which completely reversed the Confederate gains of the previous day .   On April 6 , the first day of the battle , the Confederates struck with the intention of driving the Union defenders away from the river and into the swamps of Owl Creek to the west . Johnston hoped to defeat Grant 's army before the anticipated arrival of General Buell 's Army of the Ohio . The Confederate battle lines became confused during the fierce fighting , and Grant 's men instead fell back to the northeast , in the direction of Pittsburg Landing . A Union position on a slightly sunken road , nicknamed the `` Hornet 's Nest , '' defended by the men of Brig. Gens . Benjamin Prentiss 's and William H. L. Wallace 's divisions , provided critical time for the remainder of the Union line to stabilize under the protection of numerous artillery batteries . Wallace was mortally wounded when the position collapsed , while several regiments from the two divisions were eventually surrounded and surrendered . General Johnston was shot in the leg and bled to death while personally leading an attack . Beauregard , his second in command , acknowledged how tired the army was from the day 's exertions and decided against assaulting the final Union position that night .   Tired but unfought and well-organized men from Buell 's army and a division of Grant 's army arrived in the evening of April 6 and helped turn the tide the next morning , when the Union commanders launched a counterattack along the entire line . Confederate forces were forced to retreat from the area , ending their hopes of blocking the Union advance into northern Mississippi . The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle in American history up to that time , although it was superseded the next year by the Battle of Chancellorsville and , soon after , the three-day Battle of Gettysburg , which would prove to be the bloodiest of the war .


Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War Ulysses S. Grant was the most acclaimed Union general during the American Civil War and was twice elected President . Grant began his military career as a cadet at the West Point military academy in 1839 . After graduation he went on to serve with distinction as a lieutenant in the Mexican -- American War . Grant was a keen observer of the war and learned battle strategies serving under Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott . After the war Grant served at various posts especially in the Pacific Northwest ; he retired from the service in 1854 . On the onset of the Civil War in 1861 , Grant was working as a clerk in his father 's leather goods store in Galena , Illinois .   Grant trained Union military recruits and was promoted to Colonel in June 1861 . Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont , who viewed in Grant an `` iron will '' to win , appointed Grant to commander of the District of Cairo . Grant became famous around the nation after capturing Fort Donelson in February 1862 and was promoted to Major General by President Abraham Lincoln . After a series of decisive yet costly battles and victories at Shiloh , Vicksburg , and Chattanooga , Grant was promoted to Lieutenant General by President Lincoln in 1864 and given charge of all the Union Armies . Grant went on to defeat Robert E. Lee after another series of costly battles in the Overland Campaign , Petersburg , and Appomattox . After the Civil War , Grant was given his final promotion of General of the Armed Forces in 1866 and served until 1869 . Grant 's popularity as a Union war general enabled him to be elected two terms as the 18th President of the United States .   Some historians have viewed Grant as a `` butcher '' commander who in 1864 used attrition without regard to the lives of his own soldiers in order to kill off the enemy which could no longer replenish its losses . Throughout the Civil War Grant 's armies incurred approximately 154,000 casualties , while having inflicted 191,000 casualties on his opposing Confederate armies . In terms of success , Grant was the only general during the Civil War who received the surrender of three Confederate armies . Although Grant maintained high casualties during the Overland Campaign in 1864 , his aggressive fighting strategy was in compliance with the U.S. government 's strategic war aims . Grant has recently been praised by historians for his `` military genius '' , and viewed as a decisive general who emphasized movement and logistics .


Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant ( born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27 , 1822 -- July 23 , 1885 ) was the 18th President of the United States ( 1869 -- 77 ) . As Commanding General ( 1864 -- 69 ) , Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War . Supported by Congress , Grant implemented Reconstruction , often at odds with President Andrew Johnson . Twice elected president , Grant led the Republicans in their effort to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery , protect African-American citizenship , and support economic prosperity . His presidency has often been criticized for tolerating corruption and for the economic depression in his second term .   Grant graduated in 1843 from the United States Military Academy at West Point , then served in the Mexican -- American War . After the war he married Julia Boggs Dent in 1848 , their marriage producing four children . Grant initially retired from the Army in 1854 . He struggled financially in civilian life . When the Civil War began in 1861 , he rejoined the U.S. Army . In 1862 , Grant took control of Kentucky and most of Tennessee , and led Union forces to victory in the Battle of Shiloh , earning a reputation as an aggressive commander . In July 1863 , after a series of coordinated battles , Grant defeated Confederate armies and seized Vicksburg , giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy in two . After his victories in the Chattanooga Campaign , Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant general and Commanding General of the Army in March 1864 . Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of bloody battles , trapping Lee 's army in their defense of Richmond . Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns in other theaters , as well . In April 1865 , Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox , effectively ending the war . Historians have hailed Grant 's military genius , and his strategies are featured in military history textbooks , but a minority contend that he won by brute force rather than superior strategy .   After the Civil War , Grant led the army 's supervision of Reconstruction in the former Confederate states . Elected president in 1868 , he stabilized the nation during that turbulent period , prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan , and enforced civil rights and voting rights laws using the army and the newly created Department of Justice . He also used the army to build the Republican Party in the South . After the disenfranchisement of some former Confederates , Republicans gained majorities , and African Americans were elected to Congress and high state offices . The Democrats and Liberal Republicans united behind Grant 's opponent in the presidential election of 1872 , but were unable to defeat his reelection . In his second term , the Republican coalitions in the South splintered and were defeated one by one as redeemers ( conservative whites ) regained control using coercion and violence . In response , Grant signed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 into law . In May 1875 , Grant authorized his Secretary of Treasury Benjamin Bristow to prosecute the corrupt Whiskey Ring . Grant 's Indian Peace Policy , incorporating Christian missionaries , initially reduced frontier violence , but it is best known for the Great Sioux War of 1876 . Grant 's administration faced charges of corruption more than that of any other 19th Century president . He appointed the first Civil Service Commission and signed legislation ending the corrupt moiety system .   In foreign policy , Grant was uneven , having sought to increase trade and influence while remaining at peace with the world . When Grant relied on his Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , his administration successfully resolved the Alabama claims by the Treaty of Washington with Great Britain , ending wartime tensions . Additionally , Grant and Fish avoided war with Spain over the Virginius Affair negotiating a peaceful resolution . Congress rejected Grant 's own attempted annexation of the Dominican Republic initiative , creating a rift among Republicans . His administration implemented a gold standard and sought to strengthen the dollar . Corruption charges escalated during his second term , while his response to the Panic of 1873 proved ineffective nationally in halting the five-year industrial depression that produced high unemployment , low prices , low profits , and bankruptcies . Grant left office in 1877 and embarked on a two-year diplomatic world tour that captured the nation 's attention .   In 1880 , Grant was unsuccessful in obtaining the Republican presidential nomination for a third term . Facing severe investment reversals and dying of throat cancer , he wrote his memoirs , which proved to be a major literary work and financial success . His death in 1885 prompted an outpouring in support of national unity . Historical assessment of Grant 's legacy has varied considerably over the years . Early historical evaluations were negative about Grant 's presidency , often focusing on the corruption charges against his associates . This trend began to change in the later 20th century . Scholars in general rank his presidency below the average , but modern research , in part focusing on civil rights , evaluates his administration more positively .


Chattanooga Campaign The Chattanooga Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in October and November 1863 , during the American Civil War . Following the defeat of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans ' Union Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Chickamauga in September , the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Braxton Bragg besieged Rosecrans and his men by occupying key high terrain around Chattanooga , Tennessee . Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was given command of Union forces in the West , now consolidated under the Division of the Mississippi . Significant reinforcements also began to arrive with him in Chattanooga from Mississippi and the Eastern Theater . On October 19th , Grant removed Rosecrans from command of the Army of the Cumberland and replaced him with Major General George Henry Thomas .   After opening a supply line ( the `` Cracker Line '' ) to feed his starving men and animals , Grant 's army fought off a Confederate counterattack at the Battle of Wauhatchie on October 28 -- 29 , 1863 . On November 23 , the Army of the Cumberland advanced from the fortifications around Chattanooga to seize the minor high ground at Orchard Knob while elements of the Union Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman maneuvered to launch a surprise attack against Bragg 's right flank on Missionary Ridge . On November 24 , Sherman 's men crossed the Tennessee River in the morning and then advanced to occupy high ground at the northern end of Missionary Ridge in the afternoon . The same day , Eastern Theater troops under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker defeated the Confederates in the Battle of Lookout Mountain . The next day they began a movement toward Bragg 's left flank at Rossville .   On November 25 , Sherman 's attack on Bragg 's right flank made little progress . Hoping to distract Bragg 's attention , Grant ordered Thomas 's army to advance in the center of his line to the base of Missionary Ridge . A combination of misunderstood orders and the pressure of the tactical situation caused Thomas 's men to surge to the top of Missionary Ridge , routing the Army of Tennessee , which retreated to Dalton , Georgia , fighting off the Union pursuit successfully at the Battle of Ringgold Gap . Bragg 's defeat eliminated the last significant Confederate control of Tennessee and opened the door to an invasion of the Deep South , leading to Sherman 's Atlanta Campaign of 1864 .


Battle of Appomattox Court House The Battle of Appomattox Court House , fought on the morning of April 9 , 1865 , was one of the last battles of the American Civil War . It was the final engagement of Confederate Army general Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant . Lee , having abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , after the ten-month Siege of Petersburg , retreated west , hoping to join his army with the Confederate forces in North Carolina . Union forces pursued and cut off the Confederate 's retreat at the village of Appomattox Court House . Lee launched an attack to break through the Union force to his front , assuming the Union force consisted entirely of cavalry . When he realized that the cavalry was backed up by two corps of Union infantry , he had no choice but to surrender .   The signing of the surrender documents occurred in the parlor of the house owned by Wilmer McLean on the afternoon of April 9 . On April 12 , a formal ceremony marked the disbandment of the Army of Northern Virginia and the parole of its officers and men , effectively ending the war in Virginia . This event triggered a series of surrenders across the South , signaling the end of the war .


Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee ( January 19 , 1807 -- October 12 , 1870 ) was an American general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865 . The son of Revolutionary War officer Henry `` Light Horse Harry '' Lee III , Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years . During this time , he served throughout the United States , distinguished himself during the Mexican -- American War , and served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy .   When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861 , Lee chose to follow his home state , despite his personal desire for the country to remain intact and an offer of a senior Union command . During the first year of the Civil War , Lee served as a senior military adviser to President Jefferson Davis . Once he took command of the main field army in 1862 he soon emerged as a shrewd tactician and battlefield commander , winning most of his battles , all against far superior Union armies . Lee 's strategic foresight was more questionable , and both of his major offensives into Union territory ended in defeat . Lee 's aggressive tactics , which resulted in high casualties at a time when the Confederacy had a shortage of manpower , have come under criticism in recent years . Lee surrendered his entire army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9 , 1865 . By this time , Lee had assumed supreme command of the remaining Southern armies ; other Confederate forces swiftly capitulated after his surrender . Lee rejected the proposal of a sustained insurgency against the Union and called for reconciliation between the two sides .   After the war , as President of what is now Washington and Lee University , Lee supported President Andrew Johnson 's program of Reconstruction and intersectional friendship , while opposing the Radical Republican proposals to give freed slaves the vote and take the vote away from ex-Confederates . He urged them to rethink their position between the North and the South , and the reintegration of former Confederates into the nation 's political life . Lee became the great Southern hero of the War , a postwar icon of the `` Lost Cause of the Confederacy '' to some . But his popularity grew even in the North , especially after his death in 1870 . Barracks at West Point built in 1962 are named after him .


The Great Outdoors (film) is a comedy creative work.

The Great Outdoors (film) The Great Outdoors is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Howard Deutch , and written and produced by John Hughes . It stars Dan Aykroyd , John Candy , Stephanie Faracy and Annette Bening in her film debut .   The film follows two families spending time on vacation in Wisconsin .


Seminary is a type of educational institution.

Seminary A seminary , theological seminary , theological college or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students ( sometimes called seminarians ) in theology , generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy , academia , or ministry . The English word is taken from the Latin seminarium , translated as seed-bed , an image taken from the Council of Trent document Cum adolescentium aetas which called for the first modern seminaries . In the West , the term now refers to Roman Catholic educational institutes and has widened to include other Christian denominations and American Jewish institutions .


Audi Audi ( -LSB- ˈʔaʊ̯dɪ ʔaːˈgeː -RSB- ) is a German automobile manufacturer that designs , engineers , produces , markets and distributes luxury vehicles . Audi is a member of the Volkswagen Group and has its roots at Ingolstadt , Bavaria , Germany . Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide .   The origins of the company are complex , going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises ( Horch and the Audiwerke ) founded by engineer August Horch ; and two other manufacturers ( DKW and Wanderer ) , leading to the foundation of Auto Union in 1932 . The modern era of Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz . After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series , Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969 , thus creating the present day form of the company .   The company name is based on the Latin translation of the surname of the founder , August Horch . `` Horch '' , meaning `` listen '' in German , becomes `` audi '' in Latin . The four rings of the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi 's predecessor company , Auto Union . Audi 's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik , meaning `` Advancement through Technology '' . However , Audi USA had used the slogan `` Truth in Engineering '' from 2007 to 2016 , and has not used the slogan since 2016 . Audi , along with BMW and Mercedes are among the best-selling luxury automobile brands in the world .


Southern California has a county named Riverside.

Riverside County, California Riverside County , California , is one of fifty-eight counties in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,189,641 , making it the 4th-most populous county in California and the 11th-most populous in the United States . The name was derived from the city of Riverside , which is the county seat .   Riverside County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , also known as the Inland Empire . The county is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA Combined Statistical Area . There is a high concentration of sprawling tract housing communities around Riverside and along the Interstate 10 , 15 , and 215 freeways .   Roughly rectangular , Riverside County covers 7208 sqmi in Southern California , spanning from the Greater Los Angeles area to the Arizona border . Geographically , the county is mostly desert in the central and eastern portions , but has a Mediterranean climate in the western portion . Most of Joshua Tree National Park is located in the county .   The resort cities of Palm Springs , Palm Desert , Indian Wells , La Quinta , Rancho Mirage , and Desert Hot Springs are all located in the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County . Large numbers of Los Angeles area workers have moved to the county in recent years ( data from the US Census Bureau for 2007 through 2011 ) to take advantage of relatively affordable housing . Along with neighboring San Bernardino County , it was one of the fastest growing regions in the state prior to the recent changes in the regional economy . In addition , smaller , but significant , numbers of people have been moving into Southwest Riverside County from the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area . The cities of Temecula and Murrieta accounted for 20 % of the increase in population of the county between 2000 and 2007 .


Southern California Southern California , often abbreviated as SoCal , is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California 's 10 southernmost counties . The region is traditionally described as eight counties , based on demographics and economic ties : Imperial , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , San Diego , Santa Barbara , and Ventura . The more extensive 10-county definition , which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties , is also used and is based on historical political divisions .   The 8-county and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion , one of the 11 megaregions of the United States . The megaregion is more expansive , extending east into Las Vegas , Nevada and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana .   Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area which stretches along the Pacific coast from Ventura through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire , and down to Greater San Diego . Southern California 's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas : the Los Angeles metropolitan area ( Los Angeles and Orange counties ) , the Inland Empire , ( Riverside and San Bernardino counties ) , the San Diego metropolitan area , the Oxnard -- Thousand Oaks -- Ventura metropolitan area , the Santa Barbara metropolitan area , the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area , and the El Centro area . The Los Angeles area has over 12 million inhabitants , while the Riverside-San Bernardino area has over 4 million inhabitants and the San Diego area has over 3 million inhabitants . For Community Supported Agriculture ( CSA ) metropolitan purposes , the five counties of Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , and Ventura , are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people . With over 22 million people , Southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California 's population .   The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on Southern California 's eastern border with Arizona , and the Mojave Desert is located north on California 's Nevada border . Southern California 's southern border is part of the Mexico -- United States border .


Resident Evil 7: Biohazard only includes shooting.

Resident Evil 7: Biohazard Resident Evil 7 : Biohazard is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom . The game was released worldwide in January 2017 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 -- with support for the PlayStation VR headset -- and Xbox One . It is the eleventh main entry and 24th entry overall in the Resident Evil franchise . It is the first main series installment to be played from a first-person perspective .   The story follows civilian Ethan Winters as he searches for his wife Mia , which leads him to a derelict plantation inhabited by the Baker family . Ethan makes use of weapons and tools in the fight against the Baker family , and the `` Molded '' , a humanoid form of bacteria . Healing items are used in the event of injury and there are puzzles that may be solved to further the story . Instead of being action-oriented like Resident Evil 5 and 6 , the survival horror element present in earlier installments took priority . Thus , the game uses a first-person perspective . It is the first full-length game to be developed in the RE Engine .   Resident Evil 7 received generally favorable reviews , which praised the gameplay , graphics , and design . PlayStation VR was hailed for increasing player involvement . However , it was also subject to complaint , with decreased resolution and physical discomfort cited as its chief offenses . Further criticism was directed at the game 's boss battles and the final chapter of the game . It had the third-best sales debut in the series and has sold over 3 million copies .


Resident Evil Resident Evil , known as in Japan , is a survival horror video game-based media franchise created by Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara and owned by the video game company Capcom . The franchise focuses around a series of survival horror video games , but has since branched out into comic books , novels , novelizations , sound dramas , live-action films , animated sequels to the games , and a variety of associated merchandise , such as action figures . The series ' overarching plot focuses on multiple characters , and their roles in recurring outbreaks of zombies and other monsters , initially due to the release of the T-virus , but still more biological weapons over time , created mainly by the fictional Umbrella Corporation and various other organizations in later games .   The eponymous first game in the series was released in 1996 as a survival horror video game , but the franchise has since grown to encompass other video game genres . The series is a mix of action and horror film-inspired plotlines , exploration , and puzzle solving . As of January 27 , 2017 , the video game series has sold 75 million units worldwide , and is Capcom 's biggest franchise in terms of software sales .


Ballet Shoes (film) Ballet Shoes is a 2007 British television film , adapted by Heidi Thomas from Noel Streatfeild 's 1936 novel Ballet Shoes . It was produced by Granada Productions ( formerly Granada Television ) and premiered on BBC One on 26 December 2007 . It is directed by Sandra Goldbacher .   A previous adaptation of Ballet Shoes was produced in serial  format by the BBC in 1975 and directed by Timothy Combe . `` Ballet Shoes '' co-stars former Harry Potter stars Emma Watson as Pauline Fossil , Gemma Jones as Dr. Jakes , and the late Richard Griffiths as Gum .


ITV Granada ITV Granada ( formerly Granada Television ; informally Granada ) is the Channel 3 regional service for North West England . The licence for the region has been held by ITV Broadcasting Limited since November 2008 . It is the largest independent television-franchise producing company in the UK , accounting for 25 % of the total broadcasting output of the ITV network . It had been held by Granada Television , which was founded by Sidney Bernstein and based at Granada Studios on Quay Street in Manchester since its inception . This was the only surviving company of the original four Independent Television Authority franchisees from 1954 ; Granada Media Group ( parent company of Granada Television ) merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004 . It covers Cheshire , Greater Manchester , Lancashire , Merseyside , northwestern Derbyshire , part of Cumbria and North Yorkshire . On 15 July 2009 , the Isle of Man was transferred to ITV Granada from ITV Border ( even though the Isle of Man is a British Crown Dependency and is not part of the United Kingdom ) .   Broadcasting by Granada Television began on 3 May 1956 under the North of England weekday franchise . It was marked by a distinctive northern identity , and used stylised letter `` G '' logo forming an arrow pointing north , often with the tagline `` Granada : from the north '' . Granada plc merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004 after a duopoly had developed over the previous decade . The Granada name , as with those of the other former Channel 3 regional licence holders , has completely disappeared except for the regional news bulletins and weeknightly regional news magazine ; ITV Broadcasting Limited operates the service with national ITV branding and continuity . Granada Television Ltd still legally exists . Along with most other regional companies owned by ITV plc , it is listed on www.companieshouse.gov.uk as a `` Dormant company '' . Other companies listed are Granada Television International and Granada Television Overseas Ltd , but these are either dormant or non-trading .   The North West region is regarded as ITV 's most successful franchise . The Financial Times and The Independent once described Granada Television , the former franchise holder , as `` the best commercial television company in the world '' . Nine Granada programmes were listed in the BFI TV 100 in 2000 . Some of its most notable programmes include Coronation Street , Seven Up ! , The Royle Family , The Jewel in the Crown , Brideshead Revisited , World in Action , University Challenge and The Krypton Factor . Notable employees have included Paul Greengrass , Michael Apted , Mike Newell , Jeremy Isaacs , Andy Harries , Russell T Davies and Leslie Woodhead .


Pisces (astrology) Pisces ( -LSB- ˈpaɪsiːz -RSB- , pis ` eez ; Ἰχθύες Ikhthyes ) is the twelfth astrological sign in the Zodiac , originating from the Pisces constellation . It spans the 330 ° to 360 ° of the zodiac , between 332.75 ° and 360 ° of celestial longitude . Under the tropical zodiac the sun transits this area on average between February 19 and March 20 , and under the sidereal zodiac , the sun transits this area between approximately March 13 and April 13 . The symbol of the fish is derived from the ichthyocentaurs , who aided Aphrodite when she was born from the sea .   According to some tropical astrologers , the current astrological age is the Age of Pisces , while others maintain that it is the Age of Aquarius .


Tamera Mowry Tamera Darvette Mowry-Housley ( -LSB- tə 'm ɛrə _ 'm ɔːri -RSB- born July 6 , 1978 ) is an American actress and model . She first gained fame for her teen role as Tamera Campbell on the ABC/WB sitcom Sister , Sister ( opposite her identical twin sister Tia Mowry ) . She has also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches and its sequel , Twitches Too , and she played Dr. Kayla Thornton on the medical drama Strong Medicine . A reality TV show following her and her twin sister 's lives , Tia & Tamera , began airing on the Style Network in 2011 , ending in 2013 after three seasons .   Currently , she is one of the hosts of The Real talk show along with former fellow Disney Channel star Adrienne Bailon , Jeannie Mai , and Loni Love , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 .   She and her identical twin sister Tia Mowry were in a singing group in the early 1990s called Voices . The group debuted their first single , `` Yeah , Yeah , Yeah ! '' in 1992 and charted No. 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 .


Jared Kushner is a real estate investor.

Jared Kushner Jared Corey Kushner ( born January 10 , 1981 ) is an American real estate investor and developer , newspaper owner , and senior advisor to President Donald Trump .   Kushner is the elder son of real-estate developer Charles Kushner and is married to Trump 's daughter Ivanka . He was principal owner of the real-estate holding and development company Kushner Companies and of Observer Media , publisher of the New York Observer . He is the co-founder and part owner of Cadre , an online real-estate investment platform .   On January 9 , 2017 , Kushner was named as a senior White House advisor . He consequently resigned as CEO of Kushner Companies and as publisher of the Observer , but his private financial interests remain a subject of controversy . Kushner helped develop and run Trump 's digital media strategy .


The Avengers (2012 film) Marvel 's The Avengers ( classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland ) , or simply The Avengers , is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Evans , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Hemsworth , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Tom Hiddleston , Clark Gregg , Cobie Smulders , Stellan Skarsgård , and Samuel L. Jackson . In the film , Nick Fury , director of the peacekeeping organization S.H.I.E.L.D. , recruits Iron Man , Captain America , the Hulk , and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor 's brother Loki from subjugating Earth .   The film 's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005 . After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011 . With the signing of Johansson in March 2009 , the film was pushed back for a 2012 release . Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. . Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque , New Mexico , before moving to Cleveland , Ohio , in August and New York City in September . The film was converted to 3D in post-production .   The Avengers premiered on April 11 , 2012 , at Hollywood 's El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4 , 2012 . The film received positive reviews from critics , as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects . It has set or tied numerous box office records , including the biggest opening weekend in North America . The Avengers grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide , and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run -- as well as the first Marvel production to generate $ 1 billion in ticket sales . The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25 , 2012 . A sequel , titled Avengers : Age of Ultron , was released on May 1 , 2015 , while two additional sequels , Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled sequel , are currently in development , with Infinity War scheduled for a May 4 , 2018 release date , and its sequel scheduled to be released on May 3 , 2019 .


Jesus Jesus ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːzəs -RSB- ; c. 4 BC -- c. AD 30/33 ) , also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah ( Christ ) prophesied in the Old Testament .   Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as `` rabbi '' . He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church .   His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 ( or various dates in January for some eastern churches ) as a holiday known as Christmas , his crucifixion is honored on Good Friday , and his resurrection is celebrated on Easter . The widely used calendar era `` AD '' , from the Latin anno Domini ( `` in the year of the Lord '' ) , and the alternative `` CE '' , are based on the approximate birth date of Jesus .   Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit , was born of a virgin named Mary , performed miracles , founded the Church , died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement , rose from the dead , and ascended into Heaven , whence he will return . Most Christians believe Jesus enables humans to be reconciled to God . The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection , an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology . The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son , the second of three persons of a Divine Trinity . A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism , wholly or partly , as non-scriptural .   In Islam , Jesus ( commonly transliterated as ) is considered one of God 's important prophets and the Messiah . Muslims believe Jesus was a bringer of scripture and was born of a virgin but was not the Son of God . The Quran states that Jesus himself never claimed divinity . To most Muslims , Jesus was not crucified but was physically raised into Heaven by God .   Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah , arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies and asserting that his resurrection is a Christian legend .


Christmas Christmas or Christmas Day '' ' ( Crīstesmæsse , meaning `` Christ 's Mass '' ) is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ , observed most commonly on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world . A feast central to the Christian liturgical year , it is prepared for by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide , which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night ; in some traditions , Christmastide includes an Octave . The traditional Christmas narrative , the Nativity of Jesus , delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem , in accordance with messianic prophecies ; when Joseph and Mary arrived in the city , the inn had no room and so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born , with angels proclaiming this news to shepherds who then disseminated the message furthermore . Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world 's nations , is celebrated religiously by the vast majority of Christians , as well as culturally by a number of non-Christian people , and is an integral part of the holiday season , while some Christian groups reject the celebration . In several countries , celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25 , with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family .   Although the month and date of Jesus ' birth are unknown , by the early-to-mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25 , a date that was later adopted in the East . Today , most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar , which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world . However , some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar , which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar , the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany . This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such , but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25 . In the Council of Tours of 567 , the Church , with its desire to be universal , `` declared the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany to be one unified festal cycle '' , thus giving significance to both the Western and Eastern dates of Christmas . Moreover , for Christians , the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity , rather than the exact birth date , is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas .   Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration , there are several factors that may have influenced the choice . December 25 was the date the Romans marked as the winter solstice , the shortest , and therefore darkest day of the year . Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse . The date is exactly nine months following Annunciation , when the conception of Jesus is celebrated . Finally , the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year , so Christmas may have been scheduled at this time to appropriate , or compete with , one or more of these festivals . Other scholars disagree with this claim and state that the Roman Emperor Aurelian placed a pagan celebration on December 25 in order to compete with the growing rate of the Christian Church , which had already been celebrating Christmas on that date .   The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian , Christian , and secular themes and origins . Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving , completing an Advent calendar or Advent wreath , Christmas music and caroling , lighting a Christingle , viewing a Nativity play , an exchange of Christmas cards , church services , a special meal , and the display of various Christmas decorations , including Christmas trees , Christmas lights , nativity scenes , garlands , wreaths , mistletoe , and holly . In addition , several closely related and often interchangeable figures , known as Santa Claus , Father Christmas , Saint Nicholas , and Christkind , are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore . Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity , the holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses . The economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world .


Christian A Christian ( -LSB- pronaudio = En-us-Christian . oggˈkɹɪʃtʃən -RSB- or -LSB- ˈkɹɪstjən -RSB- ) is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity , an Abrahamic , monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ . `` Christian '' derives from the Koine Greek word Christós , a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach .   While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict , they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance . The term `` Christian '' is also used as an adjective to describe anything associated with Christianity , or in a proverbial sense `` all that is noble , and good , and Christ-like . ''   According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey , there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010 , up from about 600 million in 1910 . By 2050 , the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion . According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world 's largest religion in 2050 , if current trends continue .   Today , about 37 % of all Christians live in the Americas , about 26 % live in Europe , 24 % live in sub-Saharan Africa , about 13 % live in Asia and the Pacific , and 1 % live in the Middle east and North Africa . About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic , while more than a third are Protestant ( 37 % ) . Orthodox communions comprise 12 % of the world 's Christians . Other Christian groups make up the remainder . Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories . 280 million Christian live as a minority .   Christians have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields , including philosophy , ethics , literature , business and economics , fine arts and architecture , music , theatre and medicine , as well as science and technology , both historically and in modern times .


Incarnation (Christianity) In Christian theology , the doctrine of the Incarnation holds that Jesus , the preexistent divine Logos ( Koine Greek for `` Word '' ) and the second hypostasis of the Trinity , God the Son and Son of the Father , taking on a human body and human nature , `` was made flesh '' and conceived in the womb of Mary the Theotokos ( Greek for `` God-bearer '' ; ) . The doctrine of the Incarnation , then , entails that Jesus Christ is fully God and fully human , his two natures joined in hypostatic union .   In the Incarnation , as traditionally defined by those Churches that adhere to the Council of Chalcedon , the divine nature of the Son was united but not mixed with human nature in one divine Person , Jesus Christ , who was both `` truly God and truly man '' . This is central to the traditional faith held by most Christians . Alternative views on the subject ( See Ebionites and the Gospel of the Hebrews ) have been proposed throughout the centuries ( see below ) , but all were rejected by mainstream Christian bodies . An alternative doctrine known as `` Oneness '' has been espoused among various Pentecostal groups ( see below ) .   The Incarnation is commemorated and celebrated each year at Christmas , and also reference can be made to the Feast of the Annunciation ; `` different aspects of the mystery of the Incarnation '' are celebrated at Christmas and the Annunciation .


Common Era Common Era or Current Era ( CE ) is a year-numbering system ( calendar era ) for the Julian and Gregorian calendars that refers to the years since the start of this era , i.e. , since AD 1 . The preceding era is referred to as before the Common or Current Era ( BCE ) . The Current Era notation system can be used as a secular alternative to the Dionysian era system , which distinguishes eras as AD ( anno Domini , '' -LSB- the -RSB- year of -LSB- the -RSB- Lord '' ) and BC ( `` before Christ '' ) . The two notation systems are numerically equivalent ; thus '' CE '' corresponds to `` AD '' and `` 400 BCE '' corresponds to `` 400 BC '' . The year-numbering system for the Gregorian calendar is the most widespread civil calendar system used in the world today . For decades , it has been the global standard , recognized by international institutions such as the United Nations and the Universal Postal Union .   The expression has been traced back to Latin usage to 1615 , as vulgaris aerae , and to 1635 in English as `` Vulgar Era '' . The term `` Common Era '' can be found in English as early as 1708 , and became more widely used in the mid-19th century by Jewish academics . In the later 20th century , the use of CE and BCE was popularized in academic and scientific publications , and more generally by authors and publishers wishing to emphasize secularism or sensitivity to non-Christians , by not explicitly referencing Jesus as `` Christ '' and Dominus ( `` Lord '' ) , shortened from anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi ( `` in the year of Our Lord Jesus Christ '' ) .


Christ (title) In Christianity , the Christ ( Greek word Χριστός ( Christos ) meaning `` the anointed one '' ) is a title for the saviour and redeemer who would bring salvation to the Jewish people and mankind . Christians believe that Jesus is the Jewish messiah called Christ in both the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament . Christ , used by Christians as both a name and a title , is synonymous with Jesus .   The role of the Christ in Christianity originated from the concept of the messiah in Judaism . Though the conceptions of the messiah in each religion are similar , for the most part they are distinct from one another due to the split of early Christianity and Judaism in the 1st century .   Though the original followers of Jesus believed Jesus to be the Jewish messiah , e.g. in the Confession of Peter , before the crucifixion and resurrection , Jesus was usually referred to as `` Jesus of Nazareth '' or `` Jesus , son of Joseph '' . Jesus came to be called `` Jesus Christ '' ( meaning `` Jesus the Khristós '' , i.e. `` Jesus the Messiah '' or `` Jesus the Anointed '' ) by his followers after his crucifixion and resurrection . Christians believe that the messianic prophecies were fulfilled in his mission , death , and resurrection . The Pauline epistles , the earliest texts of the New Testament , often refer to Jesus as `` Christ Jesus '' or `` Christ '' . The word Christ was originally a title , but later became part of the name `` Jesus Christ '' . It is , however , still also used as a title , in the reciprocal use `` Christ Jesus '' , meaning `` the Messiah Jesus '' , and independently as `` the Christ '' .   The followers of Jesus became known as Christians ( as in Acts ) because they believed Jesus to be the Khristós or Mashiach prophesied in the Hebrew Bible . Jesus was not , and is not , accepted in Judaism as a Jewish messiah , and the concept of a divine messiah was always rejected by Judaism as idolatry . Religious Jews still await their messiah 's first coming and the Messianic prophecies of Jewish tradition to be accomplished . Religious Christians believe in the Second Coming of Christ , and they await the rest of Christian messianic prophecies to be fulfilled . One of those prophecies , distinctive in both the Jewish and Christian concept of the messiah , is that a Jewish king from the Davidic line , who will be `` anointed '' with holy anointing oil , will be king of God 's kingdom on earth , and rule the Jewish people and mankind during the Messianic Age and World to come . Muslims accept Jesus as al-Masih , the messiah in Islam , but do n't believe that the messiah is divine or the Son of God , but do believe he will come again .   The area of Christian theology called Christology is primarily concerned with the nature and person of Jesus Christ as recorded in the canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament .


Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale ( born 30 January 1974 ) is an English actor . He has starred both in blockbuster films and smaller projects from independent producers and art houses .   Bale first caught the public eye at the age of 13 , when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg 's Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) . Based on the original story by J. G. Ballard , Bale played an English boy who is separated from his parents and subsequently finds himself lost in a Japanese internment camp during World War II . In 2000 , he garnered critical acclaim for his portrayal of serial killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho . He is known for going to great lengths to portray characters in films , notably for the psychological thriller The Machinist ( 2004 ) , where he lost 63 pounds ( 28.5 kg ) to play the role of Trevor Reznik .   Bale went on to receive greater commercial recognition for his starring role as Batman in Christopher Nolan 's Batman Begins ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) . His portrayal of Dicky Eklund in the David O. Russell-directed biographical film The Fighter ( 2010 ) , earned him critical acclaim and a number of awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has since gained further acclaim as well as subsequent Academy Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Russell 's American Hustle ( 2013 ) and Adam McKay 's The Big Short ( 2015 ) .