Rock music Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the early 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States . It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll , a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues , and from country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical styles . Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers . Typically , rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form , but the genre has become extremely diverse . Like pop music , lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political .   By the late 1960s `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , raga rock , and jazz-rock , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene . New genres that emerged included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed . In the second half of the 1970s , punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down , energetic social and political critiques . Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave , post-punk and eventually alternative rock . From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock . Further fusion subgenres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock/post-punk and synth-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s ( decade ) .   Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s . Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the goth and emo subcultures . Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .


The largest individual shareholder of Microsoft was Bill Gates.

Bill Gates William Henry Gates III ( born October 28 , 1955 ) is the co-founder of Microsoft and is an American business magnate , investor , author and philanthropist .   In 1975 , Gates and Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft , which became the world 's largest PC software company . During his career at Microsoft , Gates held the positions of chairman , CEO and chief software architect , while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014 . Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000 , but he remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself . In June 2006 , Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie . He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 , taking on a new post as technology adviser to support the then newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella .   Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution . He has been criticized for his business tactics , which have been considered anti-competitive , an opinion that has in some cases been upheld by numerous court rulings . Later in his career , Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors , donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , established in 2000 .   Since 1987 , Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world 's wealthiest people . Gates is the richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 88.5 billion . In 2009 , Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge , whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy .


Colombia Colombia ( k ) , is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples , with as most advanced the Muisca , Quimbaya and the Tairona .   The Spanish set foot on Colombian soil for the first time in 1499 and in the first half of the 16th century initiated a period of conquest and colonization , ultimately creating the New Kingdom of Granada , with as capital Santafé de Bogotá . Independence from Spain was acquired in 1819 , but by 1830 the `` Gran Colombia '' Federation was dissolved . What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada . The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 . Since the 1960s , the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict , which escalated in the 1990s but then decreased from 2005 onward . Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world , and thereby possesses a rich cultural heritage . The urban centres are mostly located in the highlands of the Andes mountains .   Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest , tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines . Ecologically , it is one of the world 's 17 megadiverse countries , and the most densely biodiverse of these per square kilometer . Colombia is a middle power and a regional actor with the fourth-largest economy in Latin America , is part of the CIVETS group of six leading emerging markets and is a member of the UN , the WTO , the OAS , the Pacific Alliance , and other international organizations . Colombia has a diversified economy with macroeconomic stability and favorable growth prospects in the long run .


The Virgin Suicides (film) The Virgin Suicides is a 1999 American drama written and directed by Sofia Coppola , produced by Francis Ford Coppola , and starring James Woods , Kathleen Turner , Kirsten Dunst , Josh Hartnett , and A. J. Cook .   Based on the 1993 best selling debut novel of the same name by American author Jeffrey Eugenides , the film tells of the brief lives of five teenage sisters in a middle class suburb near the outskirts of Detroit during the 1970s . After the youngest sister makes an initial attempt at suicide , her sisters are put under close scrutiny by their parents , eventually being confined to the home , which leads to their increasingly depressive and isolated behavior .


A. J. Cook Andrea Joy `` A. J. '' Cook ( born July 22 , 1978 ) is a Canadian actress known for her role as Supervisory Special Agent Jennifer `` JJ '' Jareau in the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds . She has also appeared in films such as The Virgin Suicides ( 1999 ) , Out Cold ( 2001 ) , and Final Destination 2 ( 2003 ) .


Criminal Minds Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Jeff Davis , and is the original show in the Criminal Minds franchise . It premiered on September 22 , 2005 , on the broadcast network CBS and October 5 , 2005 on CTV . The series is produced by The Mark Gordon Company , in association with CBS Television Studios and ABC Studios ( a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company ) . Criminal Minds is set primarily at the FBI 's Behavioral Analysis Unit ( BAU ) based in Quantico , Virginia . In accordance with the show 's plot , Criminal Minds differs from many procedural dramas by focusing on profiling the criminal , called the unsub or `` unknown subject '' , rather than the crime itself .   The show has an ensemble cast that has had many cast member changes since its inception . Thomas Gibson , Shemar Moore , Matthew Gray Gubler , A. J. Cook , and Kirsten Vangsness are the only actors to have appeared in every season .   The series follows a group of FBI profilers who set about catching various criminals through behavioral profiling . The plot focuses on the team working cases and on the personal lives of the characters , depicting the hardened life and statutory requirements of a profiler . The show spawned two spin-offs : Criminal Minds : Suspect Behavior ( 2011 ) and Criminal Minds : Beyond Borders ( 2016 -- 2017 ) .   On April 7 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a thirteenth season . The series is moving back an hour to 10 p.m. on Wednesday nights starting in the fall .


NSYNC NSYNC ( sometimes stylized as * NSYNC or 'N Sync ) was an American boy band formed in Orlando , Florida in 1995 and launched in Germany by BMG Ariola Munich . NSYNC consisted of Justin Timberlake , JC Chasez , Chris Kirkpatrick , Joey Fatone , and Lance Bass . After heavily publicized legal battles with their former manager Lou Pearlman and former record label Bertelsmann Music Group , the group 's second album , No Strings Attached , sold over one million copies in one day and 2.42 million copies in one week , which was a record for over fifteen years . In addition to a host of Grammy Award nominations , NSYNC has performed at the World Series , the Super Bowl and the Olympic Games , and sang or recorded with Elton John , Stevie Wonder , Michael Jackson , Phil Collins , Celine Dion , Aerosmith , Britney Spears , Nelly , Left Eye , Mary J. Blige , country music supergroup Alabama , and Gloria Estefan .   Although NSYNC announced the start of a `` temporary hiatus '' in early 2002 , the band has not recorded new material since then . Justin Timberlake went on to become a very successful solo artist with several multi-platinum albums . In 2007 , Lance Bass confirmed that the group had `` definitely broken up . '' They have sold over 70 million albums during their career , becoming the eighth-best-selling boy band in history . Rolling Stone recognized their instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time .


No Strings Attached (NSYNC album) No Strings Attached is the second studio album by American boy band NSYNC , released on March 21 , 2000 by Jive Records . Looking to distinguish their music from that of their labelmates , its music incorporates pop and R&B styles . Prior to the release of the album , NSYNC separated from their management Trans Continental and their label RCA Records ; its title is a play on the idea of independence from corporate control .   Contributions to the album 's production came from a wide range of producers , including group members Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez and new collaborators Kristian Lundin , Jake Schulze , Rami , Teddy Riley , Kevin `` She ` kspere '' Briggs , Richard Marx , Veit Renn , Babyface , and Guy Roche .   After several delays due to legal battles , No Strings Attached was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics . The album debuted atop the U.S. Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 2.4 million copies , setting the record for one-week sales in the country ; a record that lasted 15 years , until Adele surpassed the first-week sales record in 2015 with her third studio album 25 . Four singles were released from the album . Its lead single `` Bye Bye Bye '' is credited with creating the hype for the album 's eventual landmark success .


Justin Timberlake Justin Randall Timberlake ( born January 31 , 1981 ) is an American singer-songwriter , actor and record producer . Born and raised in Tennessee , he appeared on the television shows Star Search and The All-New Mickey Mouse Club as a child . In the late 1990s , Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC , which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time . Timberlake began to adopt a more mature image as an artist with the release of his debut solo album , the R&B - focused Justified ( 2002 ) , which yielded the successful singles `` Cry Me a River '' and `` Rock Your Body '' , and earned his first two Grammy Awards .   His critically acclaimed second album FutureSex/LoveSounds ( 2006 ) , characterized by its diversity in music genres , debuted atop the U.S. Billboard 200 and produced the Hot 100 number-one singles `` SexyBack '' , `` My Love '' , and `` What Goes Around ... Comes Around '' . Established as a solo artist worldwide , his first two albums both exceeded sales of 10 million copies . He produced records and collaborated with other artists . From 2008 through 2012 , Timberlake focused on his acting career , effectively putting his music career on hiatus ; he held starring roles in the films The Social Network , Bad Teacher , In Time , and Friends with Benefits .   Timberlake resumed his music career in 2013 with his third and fourth albums The 20/20 Experience and The 20/20 Experience -- 2 of 2 , exploring neo soul styles , partly inspired by the expansive song structures of 1960s and 1970s rock . The former became the best-selling album of the year in the US with the largest sales week , and spawned the top-three singles `` Suit & Tie '' and `` Mirrors '' , while the latter produced the top-ten song `` Not a Bad Thing '' . For his live performances , including the eponymous concert tour for the albums , he began performing with his band The Tennessee Kids , composed by instrumentalists and dancers . Timberlake voiced the lead character in DreamWorks Animation 's Trolls ( 2016 ) , which soundtrack includes his fifth Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping single , `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' .   Among numerous awards and accolades , Timberlake is the recipient of ten Grammy Awards , four Emmy Awards , three Brit Awards , and nine Billboard Music Awards . Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and 2013 . His other ventures include record label Tennman Records , fashion label William Rast , and the restaurants Destino and Southern Hospitality .


Santorini Santorini ( Σαντορίνη , pronounced -LSB- sandoˈrini -RSB- ) , classically Thera ( English pronunciation -LSB- ˈθɪərə -RSB- ) , and officially Thira ( Greek : Θήρα -LSB- ˈθira -RSB- ) , is an island in the southern Aegean Sea , about 200 km southeast of Greece 's mainland . It is the largest island of a small , circular archipelago which bears the same name and is the remnant of a volcanic caldera . It forms the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands , with an area of approximately 73 km2 and a 2011 census population of 15,550 . The municipality of Santorini includes the inhabited islands of Santorini and Therasia and the uninhabited islands of Nea Kameni , Palaia Kameni , Aspronisi , and Christiana . The total land area is 90.623 km2 . Santorini is part of the Thira regional unit .   Santorini is essentially what remains after an enormous volcanic eruption that destroyed the earliest settlements on a formerly single island , and created the current geological caldera . A giant central , rectangular lagoon , which measures about 12 by , is surrounded by 300 m high , steep cliffs on three sides . The main island slopes downward to the Aegean Sea . On the fourth side , the lagoon is separated from the sea by another much smaller island called Therasia ; the lagoon is connected to the sea in two places , in the northwest and southwest . The depth of the caldera , at 400m , makes it impossible for any but the largest ships to anchor anywhere in the protected bay ; there is also a fisherman 's harbour at Vlychada , on the southwestern coast . The island 's principal port is Athinios . The capital , Fira , clings to the top of the cliff looking down on the lagoon . The volcanic rocks present from the prior eruptions feature olivine , and have a small presence of hornblende .   It is the most active volcanic centre in the South Aegean Volcanic Arc , though what remains today is chiefly a water-filled caldera . The volcanic arc is approximately 500 km long and 20 to wide . The region first became volcanically active around 3 -- 4 million years ago , though volcanism on Thera began around 2 million years ago with the extrusion of dacitic lavas from vents around the Akrotiri .   The island is the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history : the Minoan eruption ( sometimes called the Thera eruption ) , which occurred some 3,600 years ago at the height of the Minoan civilization . The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of metres deep and may have led indirectly to the collapse of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete , 110 km to the south , through a gigantic tsunami . Another popular theory holds that the Thera eruption is the source of the legend of Atlantis .


Therasia Therasia , also known as Thirasía , is an island in the volcanic island group of Santorini in the Greek Cyclades . It lies north-west of Nea Kameni , a small island formed in recent centuries by volcanic activity and thus marking the centre of the island group . Therasia is the second largest island of the group , the largest by far being Thera .   Therasia has a land area of 9.299 km ² and its population was 319 inhabitants at the 2011 census . It is part of the municipal unit of Oia .   Thera and Therasia were separated by the Thera eruption .   At Knossos , in a LMIIIA context ( 14th century BC ) , seven Linear B texts while calling upon `` all the gods '' make sure to grant primacy to an elsewhere-unattested entity called qe-ra-si-ja and , once , qe-ra-si-jo . However this probably refers to a god or a person rather than to an island * Qherasia > Therasia .   Thirasia is also the book of Greek poet Dimitris Varos that became a music album and theatrical performance by Greek composer Giannis Markopoulos under the title Daring Communication - Electric Theseus .


Cyclades The Cyclades ( -LSB- ˈsɪklədiːz -RSB- Κυκλάδες , -LSB- cikˈlaðes -RSB- ) are an island group in the Aegean Sea , southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece . They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago . The name refers to the islands around the sacred island of Delos . The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos .


Archipelago An archipelago ( -LSB- ɑːrkᵻˈpɛləɡoʊ -RSB- ) , sometimes called an island group or island chain , is a chain , cluster or collection of islands . The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι - -- arkhi - ( `` chief '' ) and πέλαγος -- pélagos ( `` sea '' ) through the Italian arcipelago . In Italian , possibly following a tradition of antiquity , the Archipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος and Latin archipelagus ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and , later , usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ) . It is now used to refer to any island group or , sometimes , to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands .


Thira (regional unit) Thira is one of the regional units of Greece . It is part of the region of South Aegean . The regional unit covers the islands of Thira ( Santorini ) , Anafi , Folegandros , Ios , Sikinos and several smaller islands in the Aegean Sea .


Jim Rash James `` Jim '' Rash ( born July 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , screenwriter , and director . He is known for playing Dean Craig Pelton on the NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community . In 2012 , he received a Golden Globe nomination and won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film The Descendants .


Transformers: Dark of the Moon is based on the Transformers toy line by Hasbro.

Transformers (toy line) The is a line of toys produced by the Japanese company Takara ( now known as Takara Tomy ) and American toy company Hasbro . The Transformers toyline was created from toy molds mostly produced by Japanese company Takara in the toylines Diaclone and Microman . Other toy molds from other companies such as Bandai were used as well . In 1984 , Hasbro bought the distribution rights to the molds and rebranded them as the Transformers for distribution in North America . Hasbro would go on to buy the entire toy line from Takara , giving them sole ownership of the Transformers toy-line , branding rights , and copyrights , while in exchange , Takara was given the rights to produce the toys and the rights to distribute them in the Japanese market . The premise behind the Transformers toyline is that an individual toy 's parts can be shifted about to change it from a vehicle , a device , or an animal , to a robot action figure and back again . The taglines `` More Than Meets The Eye '' and `` Robots In Disguise '' reflect this ability .   The Transformers toyline is typically divided into two main factions : the heroic Autobots and their opponents , the evil Decepticons ( traditionally known in Japan as the Cybertrons and Destrons , respectively , although more recent releases often use the English terms ) . Transformers toys are sold at a number of price points , and various Transformers series utilize unique play features .   There have also been a number of spin-offs based on the toys including a comic book series , an animated television series , and a feature-length animated movie . The original series program was followed by a number of spin-offs with varying levels of popularity . A live-action film series directed by Michael Bay has produced five films , with more planned .


Transformers: Dark of the Moon Transformers : Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series , and is the sequel to 2009 's Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . It is also the first film in the series not to be co-produced by DreamWorks . The film stars Shia LaBeouf , Josh Duhamel , John Turturro , Tyrese Gibson , Rosie Huntington-Whiteley , Patrick Dempsey , Kevin Dunn , Julie White , John Malkovich and Frances McDormand . Its story is set three years after the events of Revenge of the Fallen , and follows the warring Autobots and Decepticons as they battle to possess powerful technology from their homeworld that had crashed on Earth 's moon .   The script was written by Ehren Kruger , who also collaborated on the narrative of Revenge of the Fallen . Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras , with filming locations in Chicago , Florida , Indiana , Milwaukee , Moscow , and Washington , D.C. . The film was rendered specifically for 3-D , and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render . In May 2011 , it was announced that Paramount would move Dark of the Moon release date of July 1 to June 29 , in order to monitor an early response to footage .   Exclusive early premieres in select 3D and IMAX theaters took place June 28 , 2011 , one night before worldwide release in 2D and 3D ( including IMAX 3D ) formats -- each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound . Critical reception of the film was mixed , with several critics calling it better than Revenge of the Fallen and praising the film 's visuals , Steve Jablonsky 's musical score , and 3-D action sequences , while others criticized its writing , acting , and length . Dark of the Moon grossed US$ 1.12 billion worldwide , and is currently the 13th-highest-grossing film of all time , the second-highest-grossing film of 2011 ( behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ) , the highest-grossing film in the Transformers series , and the 10th film to gross over $ 1 billion . Like the first film , it was nominated for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards . It was followed by Transformers : Age of Extinction in 2014 . A fifth film , titled Transformers : The Last Knight is set to be released in 2017 .


Jeff Bezos is not testing flights to space with Blue Origin.

Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm .   Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions .   With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .


Athena Athena ( -LSB- əˈθiːnə -RSB- Attic Greek : Ἀθηνᾶ , Athēnā , or Ἀθηναία , Athēnaia ; Epic : Ἀθηναίη , Athēnaiē ; Doric : Ἀθάνα , Athānā ) or Athene ( -LSB- əˈθiːniː -RSB- Ionic : Ἀθήνη , Athēnē ) , often given the epithet Pallas ( -LSB- ˈpæləs -RSB- Παλλὰς ) , is the goddess of wisdom , craft , and war in ancient Greek religion and mythology . In later times , Athena was syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva . Athena was portrayed as having a calm temperament , and moving slowly to anger . She was believed to only fight for just causes and never fight without a purpose .   In ancient Greek literature , Athena is portrayed as the astute companion of heroes and as the patron goddess of heroic endeavour . She is also the patroness of Athens . The Athenians constructed the Parthenon atop their Acropolis as a temple to Athena ; it takes its name from her epithet Parthenos , which means `` Virgin '' .   Veneration of Athena was so persistent that archaic myths about her were recast to adapt to cultural changes . In her role as a protector of the city ( polis ) , many people throughout the Greek world worshipped Athena as Athena Polias ( Ἀθηνᾶ Πολιάς `` Athena of the city '' ) . While the city of Athens and the goddess Athena essentially bear the same name ( Athena the goddess , Athenai the city ) , it is not known which of the two words is derived from the other .


Alicia Keys Alicia Augello Cook ( born January 25 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Alicia Keys , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , pianist and actress . Keys released her debut album with J Records , having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records . Keys ' debut album , Songs in A Minor was released in 2001 , producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single `` Fallin ' '' , and selling over 12 million copies worldwide . The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002 . Her sophomore album , The Diary of Alicia Keys , was released in 2003 , spawning successful singles `` You Do n't Know My Name '' , `` If I Ai n't Got You '' and `` Diary '' , and selling 8 million copies worldwide . The duet song `` My Boo '' with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004 . The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005 . Later that year , she released her first live album , Unplugged , becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one .   As I Am was released in 2007 , producing the Hot 100 number-one single `` No One '' , selling 5 million copies worldwide and earning an additional three Grammy Awards . The Element of Freedom was released in 2009 , becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK , and selling 4 million copies worldwide . Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on `` Empire State of Mind '' as her fourth number-one single , and won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2010 . Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album , spawning the successful title track . Her second live album , VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013 . Here was released in 2016 , becoming her seventh R&B / Hip-Hop chart topping album   Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards and has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide . Keys made her film debut in Smokin ' Aces and has also appeared in The Nanny Diaries and The Secret Life of Bees . Considered a pop icon , Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years . VH1 included her on their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list , while Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005 and 2017 .


Nick Jonas Nicholas Jerry Jonas ( born September 16 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , producer , and actor . Jonas began acting in theater at the age of seven , and released his debut single in 2002 . He released his eponymous debut album in 2004 to little success , though it did catch the attention of Columbia Records . Jonas opted to form a band with his older brothers , Joe and Kevin , known as the Jonas Brothers . The group released their debut studio album It 's About Time through Columbia Records . The record failed to achieve commercial success , thus the group parted ways with their label . Their self-titled second studio album was released through Hollywood Records in 2007 , and became their breakthrough record . The band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time , gaining a large following through the network . The band starred in the widely successful film Camp Rock ( 2008 ) .   The release of the band 's third studio album , A Little Bit Longer ( 2008 ) , helped the band achieve further success ; the album 's lead single hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The release of their fourth studio album saw a decline in sales for the band , though was still fairly successful . Jonas and his brothers starred in the Disney Channel series JONAS in 2009 and 2010 , though poor ratings led to its cancellation in 2010 . It was later confirmed that the Jonas Brothers would be taking a hiatus , with Nick forming a new band known as Nick Jonas & the Administration . The band released one studio album in 2010 , though it failed to achieve much commercial success . Following the release , Jonas opted to focus on work in theater , and also had a recurring role on the television series Smash . The Jonas Brothers briefly reunited in 2013 , though officially parted ways due to creative differences .   Jonas decided to return to his solo music career following the band 's disbandment , and began work on his second studio album . He signed with Island Records , releasing Nick Jonas ( 2014 ) through the label . The album entered the top ten of the Billboard 200 , while both of the album 's singles entered the top twenty of the Billboard Hot 100 . The project was re-released as Nick Jonas X2 in 2015 . The release helped provide Jonas with a new public image , earning him the title of a `` sex symbol '' . Jonas later co-founded Safehouse Records , a record label in conjunction with Island Records and Hollywood Records . Jonas released his third studio album , Last Year Was Complicated ( 2016 ) , through the label . The project became his highest peaking entry as a solo artist on the Billboard 200 , while the lead single was a top twenty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 .


Alison Brie Alison Brie Franco ( née Schermerhorn born December 29 , 1982 ) , known professionally as Alison Brie , is an American actress and producer . She portrayed Annie Edison in the NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community ( 2009 -- 2015 ) and Trudy Campbell in the AMC drama Mad Men ( 2007 -- 2015 ) , and currently voices Diane Nguyen on the Netflix animated series BoJack Horseman ( 2014 -- present ) . She has starred in several films , such as Scream 4 ( 2011 ) , The Five-Year Engagement ( 2012 ) , The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) , Get Hard ( 2015 ) , Sleeping with Other People ( 2015 ) , and How to Be Single ( 2016 ) .


In & Out (film) In & Out is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Oz and starring Kevin Kline , Tom Selleck , Joan Cusack , Matt Dillon , Debbie Reynolds , and Wilford Brimley . It is an original story by screenwriter Paul Rudnick . Joan Cusack was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance .   The film was inspired by Tom Hanks 's tearful speech when he accepted his 1994 Oscar ( for his role in Philadelphia ) , in which he mentioned his high-school drama coach Rawley Farnsworth , and his former classmate John Gilkerson , `` two of the finest gay Americans , two wonderful men that I had the good fortune to be associated with . '' The film became one of mainstream Hollywood 's few attempts at a comedic `` gay movie '' of its era , and was widely noted at the time for a 12-second kiss between Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck .


Elementary has Jon Michael Hill in its cast as Detective Marcus Bell.

Elementary (TV series) Elementary is an American procedural drama series that presents a contemporary update of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's character Sherlock Holmes . The series was created by Robert Doherty and stars Jonny Lee Miller as Sherlock Holmes and Lucy Liu as Dr. Joan Watson . The series premiered on CBS on September 27 , 2012 . The series is set and filmed primarily in New York City .   The show follows Holmes , a recovering drug addict and former consultant to Scotland Yard , as he assists the New York City Police Department in solving crimes . His indifference to police procedure often leads to conflict with Captain Thomas Gregson ( Aidan Quinn ) , although the two still remain mutually respectful of one another . He is accompanied by Dr. Joan Watson ( Lucy Liu ) , who initially acts as his sober companion . She is a former surgeon and was hired by Sherlock 's father to help him in his rehabilitation . They eventually begin to work together on his cases , and she becomes Holmes ' apprentice . The series also features Holmes ' ongoing conflict with his nemesis Jamie Moriarty ( Natalie Dormer ) . Other supporting roles include Jon Michael Hill as Detective Marcus Bell , Rhys Ifans as Sherlock 's brother , Mycroft Holmes , and John Noble as Sherlock 's father , Morland Holmes .   Before the series premiered , it was met with some criticism given it followed closely on the heels of the BBC 's modern adaptation Sherlock . After the premiere , it was picked up for a full season and later an extra two episodes . The season two premiere was partly filmed on location in London . The series has since been well received by critics , who have praised the performances , writing , and novel approach to the source material . On March 25 , 2016 , CBS renewed the series for a fifth season , which premiered on October 2 , 2016 . On May 13 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a sixth season .


Mel Gibson Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson ( born January 3 , 1956 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He was born in Peekskill , New York , and moved with his parents to Sydney , Australia , when he was 12 years old .   Gibson is best known as an action hero , for roles such as Martin Riggs in the Lethal Weapon buddy cop film series , and Max Rockatansky in the first three films in the Mad Max post-apocalyptic action series .   He studied acting at the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Art . During the 1980s , he founded Icon Entertainment , a production company which independent film director Atom Egoyan has called , `` an alternative to the studio system '' . Director Peter Weir cast him as one of the leads in the critically acclaimed World War I drama Gallipoli ( 1981 ) , which earned Gibson a Best Actor Award from the Australian Film Institute . The film also helped to earn Gibson the reputation of a serious , versatile actor .   Gibson produced , directed , and starred in the epic historical drama film Braveheart ( 1995 ) , for which he won the Golden Globe Award and Academy Award for Best Director , along with the Academy Award for Best Picture . He later directed and produced the financially successful and controversial , biblical drama film The Passion of the Christ ( 2004 ) . He received further critical notice for his directorial work of the action-adventure film Apocalypto ( 2006 ) , which is set in Mesoamerica during the early 16th century . After a 10-year hiatus from directing , Gibson returned with the critically praised and financially successful Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) , which won the Academy Awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing and earned Gibson his second nomination for Best Director .


The critically acclaimed film Baby Driver is a comedy film.

Baby Driver Baby Driver is a 2017 British -- American action comedy film written and directed by Edgar Wright , and starring Ansel Elgort , Kevin Spacey , Lily James , Jon Bernthal , Eiza González , Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx . The film follows a young getaway driver ( played by Elgort ) who is reluctantly coerced to work for a veteran kingpin ( played by Spacey ) at `` one last job '' in exchange to start a better life .   The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released theatrically on June 28 , 2017 , by TriStar Pictures .


True Blood True Blood is an American dark fantasy horror  television series produced and created by Alan Ball and based on The Southern Vampire Mysteries series of novels by Charlaine Harris .   The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse ( Anna Paquin ) , a telepathic waitress living in the rural town of Bon Temps , Louisiana , two years after the invention of a synthetic blood that has allowed vampires to `` come out of the coffin '' and allow their presence to be known to mankind . Now they are struggling for equal rights and assimilation , while anti-vampire organizations begin to gain power . Sookie 's world is turned upside down when she falls in love with 173-year-old vampire Bill Compton ( Stephen Moyer ) and for the first time must navigate the trials , tribulations and terrors of intimacy and relationships .   The show was broadcast on the premium cable network HBO , in the United States , and was produced by HBO in association with Ball 's production company , Your Face Goes Here Entertainment . The series premiered on September 7 , 2008 and concluded on August 24 , 2014 , comprising seven seasons and 80 episodes . The first five seasons received highly positive reviews , and both nominations and wins for several awards , including a Golden Globe and an Emmy .


The Southern Vampire Mysteries The Southern Vampire Mysteries , also known as The True Blood Novels and The Sookie Stackhouse Novels , is a series of books written by bestselling author Charlaine Harris . The first installment , Dead Until Dark ( 2001 ) , won the Anthony Award for Best Paperback Mystery in 2001 and later served as the source material for the HBO drama series True Blood ( 2008 -- 2014 ) . The book series has been retronymed the True Blood Series upon reprinting , to capitalize on the television adaptation .   In The Southern Vampire Mysteries/True Blood Series , Harris develops a detailed mythology and alternate history that approaches supernatural beings as real ; at the beginning of the series , vampires ' existence has only been public knowledge for a couple of years , while other supernatural beings , such as werewolves , shapeshifters , faeries , etc. , exist but do not go public until later in the series . The setting is contemporary , and the stories occasionally reference popular culture .   The series is narrated in first person perspective by Sookie Stackhouse , a waitress and a telepath in the fictional town of Bon Temps in northwestern Louisiana . The 12th book , Deadlocked , was released on May 1 , 2012 . Harris was originally contracted to write 10 books , but she revealed at Comic Con 2009 that she has signed a contract for three additional books . On May 14 , 2012 , Harris ' Facebook administrator announced that Dead Ever After '' ( May 7 , 2013 ) would be the final book of the series .


Gemma Arterton performed in the film Byzantium.

Gemma Arterton Gemma Christina Arterton ( born 2 February 1986 ) is an English actress . Arterton made her film debut in the comedy film St Trinian 's ( 2007 ) . Her breakthrough role was in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace ( 2008 ) , playing Bond Girl Strawberry Fields , which won her an Empire Award for Best Newcomer . She is known for her roles in the fantasy films Clash of the Titans ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Byzantium ( 2013 ) and as the character Gretel in Hansel and Gretel : Witch Hunters ( 2013 ) . She plays St. Joan in Bernard Shaw 's St. Joan at Donmar Warehouse , December 2016 . She plays the lead role in Their Finest ( 2017 ) .


Bob Arum is the founder of a company based in Las Vegas.

Bob Arum Robert Arum ( born December 8 , 1931 ) is an American lawyer , boxing promoter and businessman . He is the founder and CEO of Top Rank , a professional boxing promotion company based in Las Vegas . He also worked for the US Attorney 's Office for the southern district of New York in the tax division during his legal career before moving into boxing promotion .


Naver provides an academic thesis search service.

Naver Naver ( Hangul : 네이버 ) is a popular Web portal in South Korea , owned by Naver Corporation . Naver was launched in June 1999 by ex-Samsung employees , and it debuted as the first Web portal in Japan that used its own proprietary search engine . Among Naver 's features is `` Comprehensive Search '' , launched in 2000 , which provides results from multiple categories on a single page . It has since added new services such as `` Knowledge Search '' , launched in 2002 . It also provides Internet services including a news service , an e-mail service , an academic thesis search service , and a children 's portal . In 2005 , Naver launched Happybean , the world 's first online donation portal , which allows users to find information and make donations to over 20,000 civil society and social welfare organizations .   According to pitchone , Naver handled only 48 % of websearches in South Korea in 2016 . ( According to techforkorea , Naver handled 77 % of all web searches in South Korea in July 2014 ) Naver is the fifth most used search engine in the world , following Google search , Yahoo! , Baidu and Bing . More than 25 million Koreans have Naver as the default browser start page .  Naver launched its service in Japan in 2009 , marking their first expansion out of Korea .   In 2013 , Lee Hae-jin , the chairman and chief strategy of Naver , saw his stake value hover above 1 trillion won ( US$ 939.4 million ) on the back of its messenger service LINE .


From the Earth to the Moon was produced by only one person.

From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries) From the Earth to the Moon is a twelve-part HBO television miniseries ( 1998 ) co-produced by Ron Howard , Brian Grazer , Tom Hanks , and Michael Bostick , telling the story of the landmark Apollo expeditions to the Moon during the 1960s and early 1970s in docudrama format . Largely based on Andrew Chaikin 's book , A Man on the Moon , the series is known for its accurate telling of the story of Apollo and the outstanding special effects under visual director Ernest D. Farino .   The series takes its title from , but is not based upon , the famous Jules Verne science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon . Hanks appears in every episode , introducing each of the first eleven . The last episode is represented in a pseudo-documentary format narrated by Blythe Danner , interspersed with a reenactment of the making of Georges Méliès ' film Le Voyage dans la Lune . Hanks narrates and appears in these scenes as Méliès ' assistant .


The Czech Republic has the lowest unemployment rate in the EU.

Czech Republic The Czech Republic ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛkiə -RSB- , ; Česko , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃɛsko -RSB- ) , is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west , Austria to the south , Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast . The Czech Republic covers an area of 78866 km2 with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague , with over 1.2 million residents . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia .   The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . After the fall of the Empire in 907 , the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire , becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Besides Bohemia itself , the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown , he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor , and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . In the Hussite wars of the 15th century driven by the Protestant Bohemian Reformation , the kingdom faced economic embargoes and defeated five consecutive crusades proclaimed by the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church .   Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618 -- 20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism and reimposed Roman Catholicism , and also adopted a policy of gradual Germanization . With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 , the Bohemian Kingdom became part of the Austrian Empire and the Czech language experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic nationalism . In the 19th century , the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia , which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.   The Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II , and was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States . The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war . The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections . Following the 1948 coup d'état , Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence . In 1968 , increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring , which ended in a Soviet-led invasion .   The first separate Czech republic was created on 1 January 1969 , under the name Czech Socialistic Republic within federalization of Czechoslovakia , however the federalization was implemented only incompletely . Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution , when the communist regime collapsed and a democracy and federalization was deepened . On 6 March 1990 , the Czech Socialistic Republic was renamed to the Czech Republic . On 1 January 1993 , Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved , with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic .   The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union ( EU ) in 2004 ; it is a member of the United Nations , the OECD , the OSCE , and the Council of Europe . It is a developed country with an advanced , high income economy and high living standards . The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development . In 2017 , Czech citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 168 countries and territories , ranking the Czech passport 9th in the world ( after 25 other countries ) . The Czech Republic also ranks as the 6th most peaceful country , while achieving strong performance in democratic governance . It has the lowest unemployment rate of EU members .


Summertime (George Gershwin song) is an aria composed in 1975.

Summertime (George Gershwin song) `` Summertime '' is an aria composed in 1934 by George Gershwin for the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess . The lyrics are by DuBose Heyward , the author of the novel Porgy on which the opera was based , although the song is also co-credited to Ira Gershwin by ASCAP .   The song soon became a popular and much recorded jazz standard , described as `` without doubt ... one of the finest songs the composer ever wrote ... Gershwin 's highly evocative writing brilliantly mixes elements of jazz and the song styles of blacks in the southeast United States from the early twentieth century '' . Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim has characterized Heyward 's lyrics for `` Summertime '' and `` My Man 's Gone Now '' as `` the best lyrics in the musical theater '' . The song is recognized as one of the most covered songs in the history of recorded music , with more than 33,000 covers by groups and solo performers .


Ultimate Fantastic Four has been worked on by Mark Millar.

Mark Millar Mark Millar ( born 24 December 1969 ) is a Scottish comic book writer , known for his work on The Authority , The Ultimates , Marvel Knights Spider-Man , Ultimate Fantastic Four , Civil War , The Secret Service , Wanted , Chrononauts , Superior and Kick-Ass , the latter six of which have been , or will be , adapted into feature films .   For his work Millar has been nominated for four Eisner Awards and two Eagle Awards , and in June 2013 he was recognized by Queen Elizabeth II as a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for services to film and literature .


Friendship has been studied in academic fields such as social psychology and sociology.

Friendship Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people . Friendship is a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an association . Friendship has been studied in academic fields such as communication , sociology , social psychology , anthropology , and philosophy . Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed , including social exchange theory , equity theory , relational dialectics , and attachment styles . A World Happiness Database study found that people with close friendships are happier .   Although there are many forms of friendship , some of which may vary from place to place , certain characteristics are present in many types of bond . Such characteristics include affection ; sympathy ; empathy ; honesty ; altruism ; mutual understanding and compassion ; enjoyment of each other 's company ; trust ; and the ability to be oneself , express one 's feelings , and make mistakes without fear of judgment from the friend .   While there is no practical limit on what types of people can form a friendship , friends tend to share common backgrounds , occupations , or interests and have similar demographics .


The International Court of Justice is hosted in The Netherlands.

Netherlands The Netherlands , ( -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân ) also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany .   The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht ( collectively known as G4 ) . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland .   `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas ( polders ) have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 ( January 2017 ) if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage .   The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders .   The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .


In 2015, Tokyo was ranked as the 19th most expensive city for expatriates.

Tokyo Tokyo ( -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .   Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo ( each governed as an individual city ) , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System .   Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey ( the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' ) . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world .  Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .


Frank Sinatra has yet to release an album.

Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra ( -LSB- sᵻˈnɑːtrə -RSB- -LSB- siˈnaːtra -RSB- ; December 12 , 1915 -- May 14 , 1998 ) was an American singer , actor , and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 150 million records worldwide . Born in Hoboken , New Jersey , to Italian immigrants , Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey . Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 , becoming the idol of the `` bobby soxers '' . He released his debut album , The Voice of Frank Sinatra , in 1946 . Sinatra 's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s , and he turned to Las Vegas , where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack . His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity , with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor . Sinatra released several critically lauded albums , including In the Wee Small Hours ( 1955 ) , Songs for Swingin ' Lovers ! ( 1956 ) , Come Fly with Me ( 1958 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1958 ) and Nice 'n' Easy ( 1960 ) .   Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label , Reprise Records , and released a string of successful albums . In 1965 , he recorded the retrospective September of My Years , starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra : A Man and His Music , and released the tracks `` Strangers in the Night '' and `` My Way '' . After releasing Sinatra at the Sands , recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborator Count Basie in early 1966 , the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim , the album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim . It was followed by 1968 's collaboration with Duke Ellington . Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971 , but came out of retirement two years later and recorded several albums and resumed performing at Caesars Palace , and reached success in 1980 with `` New York , New York '' . Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base , he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998 .   Sinatra forged a highly successful career as a film actor . After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity , he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm ( 1955 ) , and received critical acclaim for his performance in The Manchurian Candidate ( 1962 ) . He appeared in various musicals such as On the Town ( 1949 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , High Society ( 1956 ) , and Pal Joey ( 1957 ) , winning another Golden Globe for the latter . Toward the end of his career , he became associated with playing detectives , including the title character in Tony Rome ( 1967 ) . Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971 . On television , The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950 , and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s . Sinatra was also heavily involved with politics from the mid-1940s , and actively campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman , John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan , though before Kennedy 's death Sinatra 's alleged Mafia connections led to his being snubbed .   While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music , he had an impressive understanding of it , and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music . A perfectionist , renowned for his dress sense and performing presence , he always insisted on recording live with his band . His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname `` Ol' Blue Eyes '' . Sinatra led a colorful personal life , and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women , such as with his second wife Ava Gardner . He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976 . Sinatra had several violent confrontations , usually with journalists he felt had crossed him , or work bosses with whom he had disagreements . He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983 , was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985 , and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997 . Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Trustees Award , Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . After his death , American music critic Robert Christgau called him `` the greatest singer of the 20th century '' , and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure .


September of My Years September of My Years is a 1965 studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released on Reprise Records in September 1965 on LP and October 1986 on CD . The orchestral arrangements are by Gordon Jenkins , their fifth album collaboration . It peaked at # 5 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart .


Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album) Come Fly with Me is an album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released in 1958 .


Francis A. & Edward K. Francis A. & Edward K. is a 1968 studio album by Frank Sinatra with Duke Ellington and his big band .   This was the first time that Sinatra had worked with Ellington . The sessions were finished on Sinatra 's fifty second birthday .


Jun Ji-hyun is in the film called Il Mare.

Jun Ji-hyun Jun Ji-hyun ( born Wang Ji-hyun on 30 October 1981 ) , also known as Gianna Jun , is a South Korean actress . She rose to fame for her role as The Girl in the romantic comedy My Sassy Girl ( 2001 ) , one of the highest-grossing Korean comedies of all time . Other notable films include Il Mare ( 2000 ) , Windstruck ( 2004 ) , The Thieves ( 2012 ) , The Berlin File ( 2013 ) and Assassination ( 2015 ) .   Jun has also starred in television series My Love from the Star ( 2013-2014 ) and The Legend of the Blue Sea ( 2016-2017 ) . The success of her films and television dramas internationally established her as a top Hallyu star .


Travis Scott Jacques Webster , Jr. ( born April 30 , 1992 ) , better known by his stage name Travis Scott ( formerly stylized as Travi $ Scott ) , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer from Houston , Texas . In 2012 , Scott signed a record deal with Epic Records . In November of the same year , Scott signed a deal with Very GOOD Beats , as an in-house producer , after appearing on the label 's debut compilation album Cruel Summer ( 2012 ) . In April 2013 , it was announced he signed with T.I. 's Grand Hustle imprint . He released his first full-length project , a mixtape titled Owl Pharaoh , in May 2013 . He then released his second mixtape Days Before Rodeo in August 2014 . His debut album Rodeo , was released on September 4 , 2015 . His sophomore album , Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight , was released on September 2 , 2016 .


Fabian Cancellara died on March 18, 1981.

Fabian Cancellara Fabian Cancellara ( born 18 March 1981 ) , nicknamed `` Spartacus '' , is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI ProTeam . He was born in Wohlen bei Bern , Switzerland . Cancellara began road cycling after falling in love with an old bike at the age of thirteen . After that , he began to take the sport more seriously and won two consecutive World Junior Time Trial Championships in 1998 and 1999 . At age nineteen he turned professional and signed with the team , where he rode as a stagiaire . He is known for being a quality time trialist , a one-day classics specialist , and a workhorse for his teammates that have general classification aspirations .   After winning a few stages and small races in his starting years , Cancellara earned his first major victory at the 2004 Tour de France where he won the opening prologue time trial and wore race leader yellow jersey for one day . The following season saw fewer victories , but his 2006 season saw a victory in the men 's time trial at the UCI Road World Championships , along with victory at the Paris -- Roubaix . Cancellara repeated as world champion in the time trial the next year , along with winning two stages at the Tour de France .   During the 2008 calendar he won gold at the Summer Olympics in the individual time trial event and the Milan -- San Remo . The next season saw Cancellara again become world time trial champion and lead both the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España . In 2010 , he won the Paris -- Roubaix and the Tour of Flanders . Cancellara 's 2011 and 2012 campaigns were both short in number of victories , while the latter was hampered by injuries throughout . After a lackluster two-year period , Cancellara again won the Tour of Flanders and Paris -- Roubaix double in 2013 . In 2014 , Cancellara repeated as winner of the Tour of Flanders .   Since turning professional in 2000 , Cancellara has ridden for four professional teams . He has achieved great success in the classic monuments ; he has won Paris -- Roubaix three times , the Milan -- San Remo once , and the Tour of Flanders three times . Cancellara has won the opening stage of the Tour de France five times and has led the race for 29 days total , which is the most of any rider who has not won the Tour . His success has not been limited to just time trials and classics , as he has won general classification of the Tirreno -- Adriatico , Tour de Suisse , and the Tour of Oman . In 2008 , he won gold in the individual time trial and silver in the men 's road race at the Summer Olympics . In 2016 , he won Olympic gold in the individual time trial for the second time in his career . In addition , Cancellara has been the time trial world champion four times in his career .


John Kiffmeyer John Kiffmeyer ( born July 11 , 1969 ) , known professionally in music as Al Sobrante , is an American musician , best known as the former drummer for the punk rock band Green Day . His name of Al Sobrante is a reference to his hometown , El Sobrante . His work with Green Day resulted in about 961,000 albums sold , which are mostly from the compilation album 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours .


Silk Road The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea . The Silk Road concept refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting Asia and Europe . The overland Steppe route stretching through the Eurasian steppe is considered the ancestor to the Silk Road ( s ) .   While the term is of modern coinage , the Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk ( and horses ) carried out along its length , beginning during the Han dynasty ( 207 BCE -- 220 CE ) . The Han dynasty expanded Central Asian sections of the trade routes around 114 BCE , largely through missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy , Zhang Qian . The Chinese took great interest in the safety of their trade products and extended the Great Wall of China to ensure the protection of the trade route .   Trade on the Silk Road played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China , the Goguryeo kingdom ( Korea ) , Japan , the Indian subcontinent , Persia , Europe , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , opening long-distance political and economic relations between the civilizations . Though silk was certainly the major trade item exported from China , many other goods were traded , as well as religions , syncretic philosophies , and various technologies . Diseases , most notably plague , also spread along the Silk Routes . In addition to economic trade , the Silk Road was a route for cultural trade among the civilizations along its network .   The main traders during antiquity included the Chinese , Arabs , Turkmens , Indians , Persians , Somalis , Greeks , Syrians , Romans , Georgians , Armenians , Bactrians , and ( from the 5th to the 8th century ) the Sogdians .   In June 2014 , UNESCO designated the Chang ` an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Road as a World Heritage Site .


Frenemies is solely based on a novel by Janis Joplin.

Frenemies (film) Frenemies is a 2012 teen comedy-drama television film and anthology based on the novel of the same name by Alexa Young which premiered on Disney Channel . It features an ensemble cast starring Bella Thorne , Zendaya , Stefanie Scott , Nick Robinson , Mary Mouser and features Connor Price , Jascha Washington and Dylan Everett . The film follows three pairs of teenage friends that go from friends to enemies and back again . The film was directed by Daisy Mayer and written by Dava Savel , Wendy Weiner , and Jim Krieg . The Disney Channel Original Movie premiered on January 13 , 2012 in the United States and Canada .


Blue whale The blue whale ( Balaenoptera musculus ) is a marine mammal belonging to the baleen whales ( Mysticeti ) . At up to 29.9 m in length and with a maximum recorded weight of 173 tonne and probably reaching over 181 tonnes ( 200 short tons ) , it is the largest animal known to have ever existed .   Long and slender , the blue whale 's body can be various shades of bluish-grey dorsally and somewhat lighter underneath . There are at least three distinct subspecies : B. m. musculus of the North Atlantic and North Pacific , B. m. intermedia of the Southern Ocean and B. m. brevicauda ( also known as the pygmy blue whale ) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean . B. m. indica , found in the Indian Ocean , may be another subspecies . As with other baleen whales , its diet consists almost exclusively of small crustaceans known as krill .   Blue whales were abundant in nearly all the oceans on Earth until the beginning of the twentieth century . For over a century , they were hunted almost to extinction by whalers until protected by the international community in 1966 . A 2002 report estimated there were 5,000 to 12,000 blue whales worldwide , in at least five groups . The IUCN estimates that there are probably between 10,000 and 25,000 blue whales worldwide today . Before whaling , the largest population was in the Antarctic , numbering approximately 239,000 ( range 202,000 to 311,000 ) . There remain only much smaller ( around 2,000 ) concentrations in each of the eastern North Pacific , Antarctic , and Indian Ocean groups . There are two more groups in the North Atlantic , and at least two in the Southern Hemisphere . As of 2014 , the Eastern North Pacific blue whale population had rebounded to nearly its pre-hunting population .


The World Bank Group's activities exclude governance.

World Bank Group The World Bank Group ( WBG ) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries . It is the largest and most famous development bank in the world and is an observer at the United Nations Development Group . The bank is based in Washington , D.C. and provided around $ 61 billion in loans and assistance to `` developing '' and transition countries in the 2014 fiscal year . The bank 's stated mission is to achieve the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and building shared prosperity . Total lending as of 2015 for the last 10 years through Development Policy Financing was approximately $ 117 billion . Its five organizations are the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) , the International Development Association ( IDA ) , the International Finance Corporation ( IFC ) , the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ( MIGA ) and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ( ICSID ) .   The World Bank 's ( the IBRD and IDA 's ) activities are focused on developing countries , in fields such as human development ( e.g. education , health ) , agriculture and rural development ( e.g. irrigation and rural services ) , environmental protection ( e.g. pollution reduction , establishing and enforcing regulations ) , infrastructure ( e.g. roads , urban regeneration , and electricity ) , large industrial construction projects , and governance ( e.g. anti-corruption , legal institutions development ) . The IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries , as well as grants to the poorest countries . Loans or grants for specific projects are often linked to wider policy changes in the sector or the country 's economy as a whole . For example , a loan to improve coastal environmental management may be linked to development of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and the implementation of new regulations to limit pollution , or not , such as in the World Bank financed constructions of paper mills along the Rio Uruguay in 2006 .   The World Bank has received various criticisms over the years and was tarnished by a scandal with the bank 's then President Paul Wolfowitz and his aide , Shaha Riza , in 2007 .


Glenn Frey won five American Music Awards.

Glenn Frey Glenn Lewis Frey ( -LSB- fraɪ -RSB- November 6 , 1948 -- January 18 , 2016 ) was an American singer , songwriter and actor , best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles . Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles , roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley , with whom he wrote most of the Eagles ' material . Frey played guitar , piano , and keyboards . He sang lead vocals on songs such as `` Take It Easy '' , `` Peaceful Easy Feeling '' , `` Tequila Sunrise '' , `` Already Gone '' , `` Lyin ' Eyes '' , `` New Kid in Town '' , and `` Heartache Tonight '' .   After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980 , Frey embarked on a successful solo career . He released his debut album , No Fun Aloud , in 1982 and went on to record Top 40 hits `` The One You Love '' , `` Smuggler 's Blues '' , `` Sexy Girl '' , `` The Heat Is On '' , `` You Belong to the City '' , `` True Love '' , `` Soul Searchin ' '' and `` Livin ' Right '' . As a member of the Eagles , Frey won six Grammy Awards , and five American Music Awards . The Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 , the first year they were nominated . Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles , Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 .


Martina Hingis is a professional tennis player.

Martina Hingis Martina Hingis ( born 30 September 1980 ) is a Czechoslovak-born Swiss professional tennis player who spent a total of 209 weeks as the singles world No. 1 . She has won five Grand Slam singles titles , twelve Grand Slam women 's doubles titles , winning a calendar-year doubles Grand Slam in 1998 , and five Grand Slam mixed doubles titles ; for a combined total of twenty-two major titles . In addition , she has won the season-ending WTA Championships two times in singles and three times in doubles and is an Olympic medalist .   Hingis set a series of `` youngest-ever '' records during the 1990s , including youngest-ever Grand Slam champion and youngest-ever world No. 1 . Before ligament injuries in both ankles forced her to withdraw temporarily from professional tennis in 2002 , at the age of 22 , she had won 40 singles titles and 36 doubles titles and , according to Forbes , had been the highest-paid female athlete in the world for five consecutive years , 1997 to 2001 . After several surgeries and long recuperations , Hingis returned to the WTA tour in 2006 , climbing to world No. 6 and winning three singles titles , and also receiving the Laureus World Sports Award for Comeback of the Year . She retired in November 2007 , following months of injuries and a positive test for a metabolite of cocaine during the 2007 Wimbledon Championships , which led to a two-year suspension from the sport .   In July 2013 , Hingis came out of retirement to play the North American hard-court season , partnering Daniela Hantuchová . After achieving moderate success in 2014 playing with Sabine Lisicki and Flavia Pennetta , she partnered with Sania Mirza in March 2015 ; together they won three consecutive Grand Slam titles . During her comeback , Hingis also won all four Grand Slam mixed doubles tournaments alongside Leander Paes and a silver medal partnering Timea Bacsinszky at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro .   Widely considered an all-time tennis great , Hingis was ranked by Tennis magazine in 2005 as the 8th-greatest female player of the preceding 40 years . She was named one of the `` 30 Legends of Women 's Tennis : Past , Present and Future '' by TIME in June 2011 . In 2013 , Hingis was elected into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , and was appointed two years later the organization 's first ever Global Ambassador .


Women's Tennis Association The Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) , founded in 1973 by Billie Jean King , is the principal organizing body of women 's professional tennis . It governs the WTA Tour which is the worldwide professional tennis tour for women . Its counterpart organization in the men 's professional game is the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) .   The Women 's Tennis Association was founded in the month of June 1973 , but traces its origins to the inaugural Virginia Slims tournament , arranged by Gladys Heldman , and held on 23 September 1970 at the Houston Racquet Club in Houston , Texas . Rosie Casals won this first event . The WTA 's corporate headquarters is in St. Petersburg , Florida , with its European headquarters in London and its Asia-Pacific headquarters in Beijing .


There is a television show called The Fosters.

The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California .   The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .


Atomic Blonde Atomic Blonde is a 2017 American action spy thriller film directed by David Leitch and written by Kurt Johnstad . It is based on Antony Johnston and Sam Hart 's 2012 graphic novel The Coldest City , which revolves around a spy who has to find a list of double agents who are being smuggled into the West . The film stars Charlize Theron , James McAvoy , John Goodman , Til Schweiger , Eddie Marsan , Sofia Boutella , and Toby Jones . This will be Leitch 's first solo credit as director , after co-directing John Wick with Chad Stahelski .   The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12 , 2017 . It will be released theatrically on July 28 , 2017 , by Focus Features .


2005 is the year War of the Worlds was created.

War of the Worlds (2005 film) War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction disaster film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp , loosely based on the novel of the same title by H. G. Wells . It stars Tom Cruise , Dakota Fanning , Justin Chatwin , Miranda Otto and Tim Robbins , with narration by Morgan Freeman . In the film , an American dock worker is forced to look after his children , from whom he lives separately , as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with towering war machines .   The film was shot in 73 days , using five different sound stages as well as locations in California , Connecticut , New Jersey , New York , and Virginia . The film was surrounded by a secrecy campaign so few details would be leaked before its release . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Hitachi . The film was released in the United States on June 29 and in United Kingdom on July 1 . War of the Worlds was a box office success , and became 2005 's fourth most successful film both domestically , with $ 234 million in North America , and $ 591 million overall . At the time of release , it was the highest-grossing film starring Tom Cruise .


The 1992 Los Angeles riots have many names.

1992 Los Angeles riots The 1992 Los Angeles riots , also known as the Rodney King riots , the South Central riots , the 1992 Los Angeles civil disturbance , the 1992 Los Angeles civil unrest , and the Los Angeles uprising , were a series of riots , lootings , arsons , and civil disturbances that occurred in Los Angeles County , California in April and May 1992 . The unrest began in South Central Los Angeles on April 29 after a trial jury acquitted four officers of the Los Angeles Police Department of the use of excessive force in the videotaped arrest and beating of Rodney King . It then spread throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area as thousands of people rioted over a six-day period following the announcement of the verdict .   Widespread looting , assault , arson , and killings occurred during the riots , and estimates of property damage were over $ 1 billion . Order was only restored after members of the California Army National Guard , the 7th Infantry Division , and the 1st Marine Division were called in to stop the rioting when local police could not control the situation . In total , 58 people were killed during the riots , more than 2,000 people were injured , and more than 11,000 were arrested . LAPD chief of police Daryl Gates , who had already announced his resignation by the time of the riots , took much of the institutional blame .


Her (film) Her is a 2013 American romantic science-fiction drama film written , directed , and produced by Spike Jonze . It marks Jonze 's solo screenwriting debut . The film follows Theodore Twombly ( Joaquin Phoenix ) , a man who develops a relationship with Samantha ( Scarlett Johansson ) , an intelligent computer operating system personified through a female voice . The film also stars Amy Adams , Rooney Mara , and Olivia Wilde .   Jonze conceived the idea in the early 2000s after reading an article about a website that allowed for instant messaging with an artificial intelligence program . After making I 'm Here ( 2010 ) , a short film sharing similar themes , Jonze returned to the idea . He wrote the first draft of the script in five months . Principal photography took place in Los Angeles and Shanghai in mid-2012 . The role of Samantha was recast in post-production , with Samantha Morton being replaced with Johansson . Additional scenes were filmed in August 2013 following the casting change .   Her premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival on October 12 , 2013 . Warner Bros. initially provided a limited release for Her at six theaters on December 18 . It was later given a wide release at over 1,700 theaters in the United States and Canada on January 10 , 2014 . Her received widespread critical acclaim upon its release , and grossed over $ 47 million worldwide on a production budget of $ 23 million . The film received numerous awards and nominations , primarily for Jonze 's screenplay . At the 86th Academy Awards , Her received five nominations , including Best Picture , and won the award for Best Original Screenplay . Jonze also won awards for his screenplay at the 71st Golden Globe Awards , the 66th Writers Guild of America Awards , the 19th Critics ' Choice Awards , and the 40th Saturn Awards .


Leonardo da Vinci epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal by studying classical antiquity.

Renaissance humanism Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity , at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th , 15th , and 16th centuries . The term Renaissance humanism is contemporary to that period -- Renaissance ( rinascimento `` rebirth '' ) and `` humanist '' ( whence modern humanism ; also Renaissance humanism to distinguish it from later developments grouped as humanism ) .   Renaissance humanism was a response to the utilitarian approach and what came to be depicted as the `` narrow pedantry '' associated with medieval scholasticism . Humanists sought to create a citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions . This was to be accomplished through the study of the `` studia humanitatis '' , today known as the humanities : grammar , rhetoric , history , poetry , and moral philosophy .   According to one scholar of the movement ,  Early Italian humanism , which in many respects continued the grammatical and rhetorical traditions of the Middle Ages , not merely provided the old Trivium with a new and more ambitious name ( Studia humanitatis ) , but also increased its actual scope , content and significance in the curriculum of the schools and universities and in its own extensive literary production . The studia humanitatis excluded logic , but they added to the traditional grammar and rhetoric not only history , Greek , and moral philosophy , but also made poetry , once a sequel of grammar and rhetoric , the most important member of the whole group . Humanism was a pervasive cultural mode and not the program of a small elite , a program to revive the cultural legacy , literary legacy , and moral philosophy of classical antiquity . There were important centres of humanism in Florence , Naples , Rome , Venice , Genoa , Mantua , Ferrara , and Urbino .


Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( -LSB- leoˈnardo di ˌsɛr ˈpjɛːro da ( v ) ˈvintʃi -RSB- ; 15 April 14522 May 1519 ) , more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo , was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention , painting , sculpting , architecture , science , music , mathematics , engineering , literature , anatomy , geology , astronomy , botany , writing , history , and cartography . He has been variously called the father of palaeontology , ichnology , and architecture , and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time . Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute , helicopter and tank , he epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal .   Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the `` Universal Genius '' or `` Renaissance Man '' , an individual of `` unquenchable curiosity '' and `` feverishly inventive imagination '' . According to art historian Helen Gardner , the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history , and `` his mind and personality seem to us superhuman , while the man himself mysterious and remote '' . Marco Rosci notes that while there is much speculation regarding his life and personality , his view of the world was logical rather than mysterious , and that the empirical methods he employed were unorthodox for his time .   Born out of wedlock to a notary , Piero da Vinci , and a peasant woman , Caterina , in Vinci in the region of Florence , Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Andrea del Verrocchio . Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan . He later worked in Rome , Bologna and Venice , and he spent his last years in France at the home awarded to him by Francis I of France .   Leonardo was , and is , renowned primarily as a painter . Among his works , the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time . Leonardo 's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon , being reproduced on items as varied as the euro coin , textbooks , and T-shirts . Perhaps fifteen of his paintings have survived.There are 15 significant artworks which are ascribed , either in whole or in large part , to Leonardo by most art historians . This number is made up principally of paintings on panel but includes a mural , a large drawing on paper and two works which are in the early stages of preparation . There are a number of other works that have also been variously attributed to Leonardo . Nevertheless , these few works , together with his notebooks , which contain drawings , scientific diagrams , and his thoughts on the nature of painting , compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary , Michelangelo .   Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity . He conceptualised flying machines , a type of armoured fighting vehicle , concentrated solar power , an adding machine , and the double hull . Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime , as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy during the Renaissance . Some of his smaller inventions , however , such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire , entered the world of manufacturing unheralded . A number of Leonardo 's most practical inventions are nowadays displayed as working models at the Museum of Vinci . He made substantial discoveries in anatomy , civil engineering , geology , optics , and hydrodynamics , but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science .   Today , Leonardo is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived .


July 16th, 1983 is the birth date of Katrina Kaif.

Katrina Kaif Katrina Kaif ( -LSB- kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf -RSB- , born Katrina Turquotte , 16 July 1983 ) is a British film actress and model known for her work in Indian films . She has appeared primarily in Hindi films , as well as Telugu and Malayalam films . In addition to being one of Bollywood 's highest-paid actresses , she is considered one of India 's most attractive celebrities by media .   Born in Hong Kong , Kaif and her family lived in several countries before she moved to London . She received her first modelling assignment as a teenager and later pursued a career as a fashion model . At a fashion show in London , filmmaker Kaizad Gustad spotted Kaif and decided to cast her in Boom ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure . While filming in India , Kaif received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career . However , filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi . After appearing in the Telugu film , Malliswari ( 2004 ) , Kaif earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya ? ( 2005 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) . She followed with a series of box-office hits , but was criticised for her acting , repetitive roles and inclination to male-dominated films .   Kaif 's performance in the 2009 terrorism drama New York was better received , earning her a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination . After roles in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani ( 2009 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) , she received her second Filmfare nomination for her performance in Mere Brother Ki Dulhan ( 2011 ) . Kaif featured in the thrillers Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) and Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics for her acting prowess , she has established herself as a commercially successful actress of Hindi cinema .   In addition to acting , Kaif is involved with her mother 's charity and participates in stage shows . She is guarded about her personal life , which is a subject of media scrutiny , as is her background .


Bermuda Bermuda ( -LSB- pronbərˈmjuːdə -RSB- ) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean . It is approximately 1070 km east-southeast of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina ; 1236 km south of Cape Sable Island , Nova Scotia ; and 1578 km north of San Juan , Puerto Rico . The capital city is Hamilton . Bermuda is an associate member of Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) .   The first person known to have reached Bermuda was the Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503 , after whom the islands are named . He claimed the islands for the Spanish Empire . Bermúdez never landed on the islands , but made two visits to the archipelago , of which he created a recognisable map . Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription on Portuguese Rock ( previously called Spanish Rock ) . Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there , which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began . In 1609 , the English Virginia Company , which had established Jamestown in Virginia two years earlier , permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane , when the crew and passengers of the Sea Venture steered the ship onto the surrounding reef to prevent its sinking , then landed ashore .   The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614 . Its spin-off , the Somers Isles Company , took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684 . At that time , the company 's charter was revoked , and the English Crown took over administration . The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England , which created the Kingdom of Great Britain . After 1949 , when Newfoundland became part of Canada , Bermuda became the oldest remaining British overseas territory . After the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997 , Bermuda became the most populous British territory . Its first capital , St. George 's , was established in 1612 .   Bermuda 's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance , and tourism , the two largest economic sectors . Bermuda had one of the world 's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond . Recently , its economic status has been affected by the global recession . It has a subtropical climate . Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle , a region of sea in which , according to legend , a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances . The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather . However , it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island .