Steffi Graf Stefanie Maria `` Steffi '' Graf ( -LSB- ˈʃtɛfiː ˈgʁa : f -RSB- ; born 14 June 1969 ) is a German former tennis player , who was ranked world No. 1 during her career . Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles . Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of Major wins by a tennis player ( male or female ) since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court ( 24 ) and Serena Williams ( 23 ) . In 1988 , she became the first and only tennis player ( male or female ) to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year . Furthermore , she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times .   Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for a record 377 total weeks -- the longest period for which any player , male or female , has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings . She won 107 singles titles , which ranks her third on the WTA 's all-time list after Martina Navratilova ( 167 titles ) and Chris Evert ( 157 titles ) . She and Margaret Court are the only players , male or female , to win three grand slams in a calendar year five times ( 1988 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 and 1996 ) .   Notable features of Graf 's game were her versatility across all playing surfaces , footwork and her powerful forehand drive . Graf won six French Open singles titles ( second to Evert ) , seven Wimbledon singles titles , four Australian Open titles , and five U.S. Open singles titles . She is the only singles player ( male or female ) to have achieved a Grand Slam since hard court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978 . Consequently , Graf 's Grand Slam was achieved on grass , clay , and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay . Graf reached thirteen consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open , winning nine of them . She won 5 consecutive Majors ( 1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open ) , and seven Majors out of eight , in two calendar years ( 1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open , except 1989 French Open ) . She reached a total of 31 Grand Slam singles finals .   Graf is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . Navratilova included Graf on her list of great players . In 1999 Billie Jean King said `` Steffi is definitely the greatest women 's tennis player of all time '' . In December 1999 , Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press . Tennis writer Steve Flink , in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century , named her as the best female player of the 20th century . In March 2012 , Tennis Channel picked Graf as the greatest female tennis player ever in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all time .   Graf retired in 1999 while she was ranked World No. 3 . She married former World No. 1 men 's tennis player Andre Agassi in October 2001 . The couple has two children -- Jaden Gil and Jaz Elle . Graf was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004 .


Emilio Estevez Emilio Estevez ( -LSB- ɛˈmiljoʊ_ɛstˈɛbɛs -RSB- born May 12 , 1962 ) is an American actor , director , and writer . He started his career as an actor and is well known for being a member of the acting Brat Pack of the 1980s , starring in The Breakfast Club , St. Elmo 's Fire , and also acting in the 1983 hit movie The Outsiders . He is also known for Repo Man , The Mighty Ducks and its sequels , Stakeout , Maximum Overdrive , Bobby ( which he also wrote and directed ) , and his performances in Western films such as Young Guns and its sequel .


Tina Fey was a co-anchor for Weekend Update on SNL.

Tina Fey Elizabeth Stamatina `` Tina '' Fey ( -LSB- feɪ -RSB- born May 18 , 1970 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , and producer . She is known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live ( 1998 -- today ) , for her impression of former Alaska Governor and 2008 Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin , and for creating acclaimed series 30 Rock ( 2006 -- 2013 ) and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015 -- present ) . She is also well known for writing and co-starring in the film Mean Girls ( 2004 ) , as well as appearing in such films as Baby Mama ( 2008 ) , Date Night ( 2010 ) , Muppets Most Wanted ( 2014 ) , and Sisters ( 2015 ) .   Fey broke into comedy as a featured player in the Chicago-based improvisational comedy group The Second City . She then joined SNL as a writer , later becoming head writer and a performer , known for her position as co-anchor in the Weekend Update segment . In 2004 , she co-starred in and wrote the screenplay for Mean Girls , which was adapted from the 2002 self-help book Queen Bees and Wannabes . After leaving SNL in 2006 , she created the television series 30 Rock for Broadway Video , a situation comedy loosely based on her experiences at SNL . In the series , Fey portrays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series . In 2008 , she starred in the comedy film Baby Mama , alongside former SNL co-star Amy Poehler . Fey next appeared in the 2010 comedy film Date Night and the animated film Megamind . In 2015 , she created and produced the television series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt , originally for NBC and eventually for Netflix . Her other films include Sisters and Whiskey Tango Foxtrot .   Fey has received nine Emmy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , five Screen Actors Guild Awards , and four Writers Guild of America Awards . Her autobiography Bossypants topped The New York Times Best Seller list for five weeks . In 2008 , the Associated Press gave Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year award for her satirical portrayal of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a guest appearance on SNL . In 2010 , Fey was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor , becoming the youngest-ever recipient of the award . On January 13 , 2013 , Fey hosted the 70th Golden Globe Awards with her long-time friend and fellow comedian , Amy Poehler , to critical acclaim . The duo hosted again the following two years , generating the highest ratings for the annual ceremony in a decade and receiving similar acclaim .


George Bernard Shaw wrote the play Major Barbara in 1856.

Major Barbara Major Barbara is a three-act English play by George Bernard Shaw , written and premiered in 1905 and first published in 1907 . The story concerns an idealistic young woman , Barbara Undershaft , who is engaged in helping the poor as a Major in the Salvation Army in London . For many years , Barbara and her siblings have been estranged from their father , Andrew Undershaft , who now reappears as a rich and successful munitions maker . Undershaft , the father , gives money to the Salvation Army , which offends Major Barbara , who does not want to be connected to his `` tainted '' wealth . However , the father argues that poverty is a worse problem than munitions , and claims that he is doing more to help society by giving his workers jobs and a steady income than Major Barbara is doing to help them by giving them bread and soup .


George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw ( -LSB- ˈdʒɔːrdʒ _ ` bɜːrˌnərd_ʃɔː -RSB- 26 July 1856 -- 2 November 1950 ) , known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw , was an Irish playwright ( who held both British and Irish citizenship ) , critic and polemicist whose influence on Western theatre , culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond . He wrote more than sixty plays , including major works such as Man and Superman ( 1903 ) , Pygmalion ( 1913 ) and Saint Joan ( 1923 ) . With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory , Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation . He was the first person to be awarded both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award , receiving the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature and sharing the 1938 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film version of Pygmalion .   Born in Dublin , Shaw moved to London in 1873 , where he established himself as a writer and novelist . By the mid-1880s he was a respected theatre and music critic . Following a political awakening , he joined the gradualist Fabian Society and became its most prominent pamphleteer . Shaw had been writing plays for years before his first public success , 1894 's Arms and the Man . Influenced by Henrik Ibsen , he sought to introduce a new realism into English-language drama , using his plays as vehicles to disseminate his political , social and religious ideas . By the early twentieth century his reputation as a dramatist was secured with a series of critical and popular successes that included Major Barbara , The Doctor 's Dilemma and Caesar and Cleopatra .   Shaw 's expressed views were often contentious : he promoted eugenics and alphabet reform while opposing vaccination and organised religion . He courted unpopularity by denouncing both sides in the First World War as equally culpable . He castigated British policy on Ireland in the postwar period , and became a citizen of the Irish Free State in 1934 , maintaining dual citizenship . He was prolific , finishing during the inter-war years a series of often ambitious plays which achieved varying degrees of popular success . His appetite for politics and controversy remained undiminished ; by the late 1920s he had largely renounced Fabian gradualism and often wrote and spoke favourably of dictatorships of the right and left -- he expressed admiration for both Mussolini and Stalin . In the final decade of his life , he made fewer public statements , but continued to write prolifically until shortly before his death , aged 94 , having refused all state honours , including the Order of Merit in 1946 .   Since Shaw 's death , opinion has varied about his works . He has at times been rated as second only to William Shakespeare among English-language dramatists ; analysts recognise his extensive influence on generations of playwrights . The word `` Shavian '' has entered the language as encapsulating Shaw 's ideas and his means of expressing them .


Ryan Gosling starred in the 2010 film Blue Valentine.

Ryan Gosling Ryan Thomas Gosling ( born November 12 , 1980 ) is a Canadian actor and musician . He began his career as a child star on the Disney Channel 's Mickey Mouse Club ( 1993 -- 95 ) and went on to appear in other family entertainment programs including Are You Afraid of the Dark ? ( 1995 ) and Goosebumps ( 1996 ) . His first starring film role was as a Jewish neo-Nazi in The Believer ( 2001 ) , and he went on to star in several independent films , including Murder by Numbers ( 2002 ) , The Slaughter Rule ( 2002 ) , and The United States of Leland ( 2003 ) .   Gosling came to the attention of a wider audience in 2004 with a leading role in the commercially successful romantic drama The Notebook . His performance as a drug-addicted teacher in Half Nelson ( 2006 ) was nominated for an Academy Award and his performance as a socially inept loner in Lars and the Real Girl ( 2007 ) was nominated for a Golden Globe Award . After a three-year acting hiatus , Gosling starred in the marital drama Blue Valentine ( 2010 ) , earning him a second Golden Globe nomination . Gosling co-starred in three mainstream films in 2011the romantic comedy-drama Crazy , Stupid , Love , the political drama The Ides of March , and the action thriller Driveand received two more Golden Globe nominations . Gosling 's directorial debut Lost River was released in 2014 to poor reviews . Greater success came to Gosling when he starred in two critically acclaimed filmsthe financial comedy-drama The Big Short ( 2015 ) and the musical La La Land ( 2016 ) . For the latter , he won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination .   Gosling 's band , Dead Man 's Bones , released their self-titled debut album and toured North America in 2009 . He is a co-owner of Tagine , a Moroccan restaurant in Beverly Hills , California . He is a supporter of PETA , Invisible Children and the Enough Project and has traveled to Chad , Uganda and eastern Congo to raise awareness about conflicts in the regions .


The 1933 dramatic film Little Women was directed by George Cukor.

Little Women (1933 film) Little Women is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film , directed by George Cukor and starring Katharine Hepburn , Joan Bennett , Frances Dee , and Jean Parker . The screenplay , by Sarah Y. Mason and Victor Heerman , is based on the 1868 novel of the same name , by Louisa May Alcott .   This is the third screen adaptation of the book , following silent versions , released in 1917 , with Minna Grey , and in 1918 , with Dorothy Bernard . After this first sound version came a 1949 remake , with June Allyson , Elizabeth Taylor and Peter Lawford , and the 1994 release , starring Winona Ryder .


George Cukor George Dewey Cukor ( -LSB- ˈkjuːkər -RSB- July 7 , 1899 -- January 24 , 1983 ) was an American film director . He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations . His career flourished at RKO when David O. Selznick , the studio 's Head of Production , assigned Cukor to direct several of RKO 's major films , including What Price Hollywood ? ( 1932 ) , A Bill of Divorcement ( 1932 ) , Our Betters ( 1933 ) , and Little Women ( 1933 ) . When Selznick moved to MGM in 1933 , Cukor followed and directed Dinner at Eight ( 1933 ) and David Copperfield ( 1935 ) for Selznick and Romeo and Juliet ( 1936 ) and Camille ( 1936 ) for Irving Thalberg .   He was replaced as the director of Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) , but he went on to direct The Philadelphia Story ( 1940 ) , Gaslight ( 1944 ) , Adam 's Rib ( 1949 ) , Born Yesterday ( 1950 ) , A Star Is Born ( 1954 ) , Bhowani Junction ( 1956 ) , and My Fair Lady ( 1964 ) . He continued to work into the 1980s .


Walt Whitman volunteered during a war that was fought in the United States in 2011.

Walt Whitman Walter `` Walt '' Whitman ( -LSB- ˈhwɪtmən -RSB- May 31 , 1819 -- March 26 , 1892 ) was an American poet , essayist , and journalist . A humanist , he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism , incorporating both views in his works . Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon , often called the father of free verse . His work was very controversial in its time , particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass , which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality .   Born in Huntington on Long Island , Whitman worked as a journalist , a teacher , a government clerk , and -- in addition to publishing his poetry -- was a volunteer nurse during the American Civil War . Early in his career , he also produced a temperance novel , Franklin Evans ( 1842 ) . Whitman 's major work , Leaves of Grass , was first published in 1855 with his own money . The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person with an American epic . He continued expanding and revising it until his death in 1892 . After a stroke towards the end of his life , he moved to Camden , New Jersey , where his health further declined . When he died at age 72 , his funeral became a public spectacle .


Chicago Chicago ( -LSB- ʃᵻˈkɑːɡoʊ -RSB- or -LSB- ʃᵻˈkɔːɡoʊ -RSB- ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the third-most populous city in the United States . With over 2.7 million residents , it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States . It is the county seat of Cook County . The Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland , has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S. Chicago has been called a global architecture capital . In terms of wealth and economy , Chicago is considered one of the most important business centers in the world .   Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 , near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed , and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century . Positioned along Lake Michigan , the city is an international hub for finance , commerce , industry , technology , telecommunications , and transportation : O'Hare International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the world when measured by aircraft traffic ; the region also has the largest number of U.S. highways and rail road freight . In 2012 , Chicago was listed as an alpha global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , and ranked seventh in the world in the 2016 Global Cities Index . Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States -- about $ 640 billion according to 2015 estimates . The city has one of the world 's largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14 % of the workforce .   In 2016 , Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors , a new record making it one of the top visited cities in the nation . Landmarks in the city include Millennium Park , Navy Pier , the Magnificent Mile , Art Institute of Chicago , Museum Campus , the Willis ( Sears ) Tower , Museum of Science and Industry , and Lincoln Park Zoo . Chicago 's culture includes the visual arts , novels , film , theater , especially improvisational comedy , and music , particularly jazz , blues , soul , hip hop , gospel and house music . There are many colleges and universities in the Chicago area ; among these , Northwestern University , University of Chicago , and the University of Illinois at Chicago are classified as `` highest research '' doctoral universities . Additionally , Chicago has professional sports teams in each of the major professional leagues . The city has many nicknames , the best-known being the Windy City .


Carl Sanders served as the 74th Governor of Georgia from 1963 to 1967.

Carl Sanders Carl Edward Sanders Sr. ( May 15 , 1925 -- November 16 , 2014 ) was an American politician who served as the 74th Governor of the state of Georgia from 1963 to 1967 .


Jeffrey Dahmer was only called by his birth name.

Jeffrey Dahmer Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer ( May 21 , 1960 -- November 28 , 1994 ) , also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal , was an American serial killer and sex offender , who committed the rape , murder , and dismemberment of seventeen men and boys between 1978 and 1991 . Many of his later murders involved necrophilia , cannibalism , and the permanent preservation of body parts -- typically all or part of the skeletal structure .   Although diagnosed with borderline personality disorder , schizotypal personality disorder , and a psychotic disorder , Dahmer was found to be legally sane at his trial . Convicted of fifteen of the sixteen murders he had committed in Wisconsin , Dahmer was sentenced to fifteen terms of life imprisonment on February 15 , 1992 . He was later sentenced to a sixteenth term of life imprisonment for an additional homicide committed in Ohio in 1978 .   On November 28 , 1994 , Dahmer was beaten to death by Christopher Scarver , a fellow inmate at the Columbia Correctional Institution .


Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg , , ( born December 18 , 1946 ) is an American director , producer , and screenwriter . He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era , as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history . He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios .   In a career spanning more than four decades , Spielberg 's films have spanned many themes and genres . Spielberg 's early science-fiction and adventure films , such as Jaws ( 1975 ) , Close Encounters of the Third Kind ( 1977 ) , Raiders of the Lost Ark ( 1981 ) , and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982 ) , were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking . In later years , his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust , the transatlantic slave trade , civil rights , war , and terrorism in such films as The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) , Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Amistad ( 1997 ) , Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , Munich ( 2005 ) , War Horse ( 2011 ) , Lincoln ( 2012 ) , and Bridge of Spies ( 2015 ) . His other films include Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) , A.I. Artificial Intelligence ( 2001 ) , and War of the Worlds ( 2005 ) .   Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler 's List and Saving Private Ryan , as well as receiving five other nominations . Three of Spielberg 's films -- Jaws , E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , and Jurassic Park -- achieved box office records , originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film . The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $ 9 billion worldwide , making him the highest-grossing director in history . His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $ 3 billion . He is also known for his long-standing associations with several actors , producers , and technicians , most notably composer John Williams , who has composed music for all but two of Spielberg 's movies which are The Color Purple and Bridge of Spies .


Emilio Estevez claims American citizenship.

Emilio Estevez Emilio Estevez ( -LSB- ɛˈmiljoʊ_ɛstˈɛbɛs -RSB- born May 12 , 1962 ) is an American actor , director , and writer . He started his career as an actor and is well known for being a member of the acting Brat Pack of the 1980s , starring in The Breakfast Club , St. Elmo 's Fire , and also acting in the 1983 hit movie The Outsiders . He is also known for Repo Man , The Mighty Ducks and its sequels , Stakeout , Maximum Overdrive , Bobby ( which he also wrote and directed ) , and his performances in Western films such as Young Guns and its sequel .


True Detective True Detective is an American anthology crime drama television series created and written by Nic Pizzolatto . The series , broadcast by the premium cable network HBO in the United States , premiered on January 12 , 2014 . Each season of the series is structured as a disparate , self-contained narrative , employing new cast ensembles and following various sets of characters and settings .   The first season , starring Matthew McConaughey , Woody Harrelson , Michelle Monaghan , Michael Potts , and Tory Kittles , takes place in Louisiana and follows a pair of Louisiana State Police homicide detectives , and their pursuit of a serial killer over a 17-year period . The second season , starring Colin Farrell , Rachel McAdams , Taylor Kitsch , Kelly Reilly , and Vince Vaughn , is set in California , and focuses on three detectives from three cooperating police departments and a criminal-turned-businessman as they investigate a series of crimes they believe are linked to the murder of a corrupt politician .   The first season received generally excellent reviews from critics and earned high ratings for HBO . It was nominated for and won numerous awards and other accolades , chiefly for its acting , cinematography , writing , and direction . Reception to the second season was more divided , though the show maintained high viewership for HBO .   In July 2016 , HBO head of programming Casey Bloys confirmed plans for a potential third season , stating , `` It is not dead . I talked to Nic about it and both Nic and HBO are open to another season . I do n't think Nic has a take and he 's working on some other projects . We 're open to somebody else writing it and Nic supervising it . It 's a valuable franchise , it 's not dead , we just do n't have a take for a third season yet . '' This came shortly after McConaughey said he would hypothetically be interested in reprising his role as Rust Cohle in a third season . In March 2017 , it was revealed that Pizzolatto has written the first two episodes of a potential third season and that David Milch joined the creative team .


David Arquette was in In Case of Emergency.

David Arquette David Arquette ( born September 8 , 1971 ) is an American actor , film director , producer , screenwriter , fashion designer and former professional wrestler . A member of the Arquette acting family , he first became known during the mid-1990s after starring in several Hollywood films , such as the Scream series , Wild Bill , Buffy the Vampire Slayer , See Spot Run and Eight Legged Freaks . He has since had several television roles , such as Jason Ventress on ABC 's In Case of Emergency .   In addition to his acting career , Arquette took a brief foray into professional wrestling in early 2000 , competing for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . During his tenure ( primarily to promote his upcoming film Ready to Rumble ) , Arquette became a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion , an angle that has been cited as pivotal to the demise of WCW .


On Stranger Tides is a 1987 historical fantasy novel.

On Stranger Tides On Stranger Tides is a 1987 historical fantasy novel written by Tim Powers . It was nominated for the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel , and placed second in the annual Locus poll for best fantasy novel .   On Stranger Tides takes place during the Golden Age of Piracy . It features real historical figures like Blackbeard , Stede Bonnet , and Woodes Rogers alongside fictional ones , as actors in the fictional John Chandagnac 's quest to reclaim his inheritance and rescue an Englishwoman . Vodun magic is an important plot device .   The story was also the inspiration for the Monkey Island video game series by LucasArts and for the fourth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series , Pirates of the Caribbean : On Stranger Tides .


How to Lose Friends & Alienate People stars Simon Pegg, Kirsten Dunst, Danny Huston, Gillian Anderson, Megan Fox and Jeff Bridges, alongside Max Minghella and Margo Stilley.

How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People is a 2008 British comedy film based upon Toby Young 's 2001 memoir of the same name . The film follows a similar storyline , about his five-year struggle to make it in the United States after employment at Sharps Magazine . The names of the magazine and people Young came into contact with during the time were changed for the film adaptation . The film version ( adapted by Peter Straughan ) is a highly fictionalized account , and differs greatly from the work upon which it was built .   Directed by Robert B. Weide , it stars Simon Pegg , Kirsten Dunst , Danny Huston , Gillian Anderson , Megan Fox and Jeff Bridges , alongside Max Minghella and Margo Stilley . How to Lose Friends & Alienate People was released simultaneously in the United Kingdom ( by Paramount Pictures ) and the United States ( by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ) on 3 October 2008 .


The Fosters is series about family drama.

The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California .   The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .


Franklin Roosevelt was 23 in the year 1240.

Internment of Japanese Americans The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the western interior of the country of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry , most of whom lived on the Pacific coast . 62 percent of the internees were United States citizens . These actions were ordered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt shortly after Imperial Japan 's attack on Pearl Harbor .   Japanese Americans were incarcerated based on local population concentrations and regional politics . More than 110,000 Japanese Americans in the mainland U.S. , who mostly lived on the West Coast , were forced into interior camps . However , in Hawaii , where 150,000-plus Japanese Americans composed over one-third of the population , only 1,200 to 1,800 were also interned . The internment is considered to have resulted more from racism than from any security risk posed by Japanese Americans . Those who were as little as 1/16 Japanese and orphaned infants with `` one drop of Japanese blood '' were placed in internment camps .   Roosevelt authorized the deportation and incarceration with Executive Order 9066 , issued on February 19 , 1942 , which allowed regional military commanders to designate `` military areas '' from which `` any or all persons may be excluded '' . This authority was used to declare that all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the West Coast , including all of California and parts of Oregon , Washington , and Arizona , except for those in government camps . Approximately 5,000 Japanese Americans voluntarily relocated outside the exclusion zone before March 1942 , while some 5,500 community leaders arrested immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack were already in custody . The majority of nearly 130,000 Japanese Americans living in the U.S. mainland were forcibly relocated from their West Coast homes during the spring of 1942 .   The United States Census Bureau assisted the internment efforts by providing confidential neighborhood information on Japanese Americans . The Bureau denied its role for decades , but it became public in 2007 . In 1944 , the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the removal by ruling against Fred Korematsu 's appeal for violating an exclusion order . The Court limited its decision to the validity of the exclusion orders , avoiding the issue of the incarceration of U.S. citizens without due process .   In 1980 , under mounting pressure from the Japanese American Citizens League and redress organizations , President Jimmy Carter opened an investigation to determine whether the decision to put Japanese Americans into internment camps had been justified by the government . He appointed the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians ( CWRIC ) to investigate the camps . The Commission 's report , titled Personal Justice Denied , found little evidence of Japanese disloyalty at the time and concluded that the incarceration had been the product of racism . It recommended that the government pay reparations to the survivors . In 1988 , President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 , which apologized for the internment on behalf of the U.S. government and authorized a payment of $ 20,000 to each camp survivor . The legislation admitted that government actions were based on `` race prejudice , war hysteria , and a failure of political leadership '' . The U.S. government eventually disbursed more than $ 1.6 billion in reparations to 82,219 Japanese Americans who had been interned and their heirs .   Of 127,000 Japanese Americans living in the continental United States at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack , 112,000 resided on the West Coast . About 80,000 were nisei ( literal translation : `` second generation '' ; American-born Japanese with U.S. citizenship ) and sansei ( `` third generation '' ; the children of Nisei ) . The rest were issei ( `` first generation '' ) immigrants born in Japan who were ineligible for U.S. citizenship under U.S. law .


New Deal The New Deal was a series of programs , including , most notably , Social Security , that were enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938 , and a few that came later . They included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term ( 1933 -- 37 ) of the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt . The programs were in response to the Great Depression , and they focused on what historians refer to as the `` 3 Rs '' , Relief , Recovery , and Reform : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy to normal levels , and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression .   The New Deal produced a political realignment , making the Democratic Party the majority ( as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of nine Presidential terms from 1933 to 1969 ) , with its base in liberal ideas , the South , traditional Democrats , big city machines , and the newly empowered labor unions and ethnic minorities . The Republicans were split , with conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as an enemy of business and growth , and liberals accepting some of it and promising to make it more efficient . The realignment crystallized into the New Deal Coalition that dominated most presidential elections into the 1960s , while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress from 1939 to 1964 . By 1936 the term `` liberal '' typically was used for supporters of the New Deal , and `` conservative '' for its opponents . From 1934 to 1938 , Roosevelt was assisted in his endeavours by a `` pro-spender '' majority in Congress ( drawn from two-party , competitive , non-machine , Progressive , and Left party districts ) . As noted by Alexander Hicks , `` Roosevelt , backed by rare , non-Southern Democrat majorities -- 270 non-Southern Democrat representatives and 71 non-Southern Democrat senators -- spelled Second New Deal reform . '' In the 1938 midterm elections , however , Roosevelt and his liberal supporters lost control of Congress to the bipartisan conservative coalition .   Many historians distinguish between a `` First New Deal '' ( 1933 -- 34 ) and a `` Second New Deal '' ( 1935 -- 38 ) , with the second one more liberal and more controversial . The `` First New Deal '' ( 1933 -- 34 ) dealt with the pressing banking crises through the Emergency Banking Act and the 1933 Banking Act . The Federal Emergency Relief Administration provided $ 500 million ( $ today ) for relief operations by states and cities , while the short-lived Civil Works Administration ( CWA ) gave localities money to operate make-work projects in 1933 -- 34 . The Securities Act of 1933 was enacted to prevent a repeated stock market crash . The controversial work of the National Recovery Administration was also part of the First New Deal .   The `` Second New Deal '' in 1935 -- 38 included the Wagner Act to protect labor organizing , the Works Progress Administration ( WPA ) relief program ( which made the federal government by far the largest single employer in the nation ) , the Social Security Act , and new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers . The final major items of New Deal legislation were the creation of the United States Housing Authority and Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) , both in 1937 , and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 , which set maximum hours and minimum wages for most categories of workers . The FSA was also one of the oversight authorities of the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration which administered relief efforts to Puerto Rican citizens affected by the Great Depression .   The economic downturn of 1937 -- 38 , and the bitter split between the AFL and CIO labor unions led to major Republican gains in Congress in 1938 . Conservative Republicans and Democrats in Congress joined in the informal Conservative Coalition . By 1942 -- 43 they shut down relief programs such as the WPA and Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) and blocked major liberal proposals . Roosevelt himself turned his attention to the war effort , and won reelection in 1940 and 1944 . The Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Administration ( NRA ) and the first version of the Agricultural Adjustment Act ( AAA ) unconstitutional , however the AAA was rewritten and then upheld . As the first Republican president elected after Franklin D. Roosevelt , Dwight D. Eisenhower ( 1953 -- 61 ) left the New Deal largely intact , even expanding it in some areas . In the 1960s , Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society used the New Deal as inspiration for a dramatic expansion of liberal programs , which Republican Richard M. Nixon generally retained . After 1974 , however , the call for deregulation of the economy gained bipartisan support . The New Deal regulation of banking ( Glass -- Steagall Act ) was suspended in the 1990s .   Many New Deal programs remain active , with some still operating under the original names , including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ( FDIC ) , the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation ( FCIC ) , the Federal Housing Administration ( FHA ) , and the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) . The largest programs still in existence today are the Social Security System and the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) .


Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill , ( 30 November 187424 January 1965 ) was a British politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955 . As Prime Minister , Churchill led Britain to victory over Nazi Germany during World War II . Churchill was also an officer in the British Army , a non-academic historian , and a writer ( as Winston S. Churchill ) . He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his overall , lifetime body of work .   Churchill was born into the family of the Dukes of Marlborough , a branch of the Spencer family . His father , Lord Randolph Churchill , was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer ; his mother , Jennie Jerome , was an American socialite . As a young army officer , he saw action in British India , the Anglo -- Sudan War , and the Second Boer War . He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns . At the forefront of politics for fifty years , he held many political and cabinet positions . Before the First World War , he served as President of the Board of Trade , Home Secretary , and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of Asquith 's Liberal government . During the war , he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign caused his departure from government . He then briefly resumed active army service on the Western Front as commander of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers . He returned to government under Lloyd George as Minister of Munitions , Secretary of State for War , Secretary of State for Air , then Secretary of State for the Colonies . After two years out of Parliament , he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in Baldwin 's Conservative government of 1924 -- 1929 , controversially returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity , a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure on the UK economy .   Out of office and politically `` in the wilderness '' during the 1930s because of his opposition to increased home rule for India and his resistance to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII , Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament . At the outbreak of the Second World War , he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty . Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940 , Churchill became Prime Minister . His speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire British resistance , especially during the difficult days of 1940 -- 41 when the British Commonwealth and Empire stood almost alone in its active opposition to Adolf Hitler . He led Britain as Prime Minister until after the German surrender in 1945 .   After the Conservative Party suffered an unexpected defeat in the 1945 general election , he became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour Government . He publicly warned of an `` Iron Curtain '' of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity . After winning the 1951 election , Churchill again became Prime Minister . His second term was preoccupied by foreign affairs , including the Malayan Emergency , Mau Mau Uprising , Korean War , and a UK-backed coup d'état in Iran . Domestically his government laid great emphasis on house-building . Churchill suffered a serious stroke in 1953 and retired as Prime Minister in 1955 , although he remained a Member of Parliament until 1964 . Upon his death aged ninety in 1965 , Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral , which saw one of the largest assemblies of world statesmen in history .   Named the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll , Churchill is among the most influential people in British history , consistently ranking well in opinion polls of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom . His highly complex legacy continues to stimulate intense debate amongst writers and historians . In 1963 , he was the first of only eight people to be made an honorary citizen of the United States .


Bretton Woods system The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States , Canada , Western Europe , Australia and Japan in the mid-20th century . The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states . The chief features of the Bretton Woods system were an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate ( ± 1 percent ) by tying its currency to gold and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of payments . Also , there was a need to address the lack of cooperation among other countries and to prevent competitive devaluation of the currencies as well .   Preparing to rebuild the international economic system while World War II was still raging , 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods , New Hampshire , United States , for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference , also known as the Bretton Woods Conference . The delegates deliberated during 1 -- 22 July 1944 , and signed the Bretton Woods agreement on its final day . Setting up a system of rules , institutions , and procedures to regulate the international monetary system , these accords established the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) , which today is part of the World Bank Group . The United States , which controlled two thirds of the world 's gold , insisted that the Bretton Woods system rest on both gold and the US dollar . Soviet representatives attended the conference but later declined to ratify the final agreements , charging that the institutions they had created were `` branches of Wall Street . '' These organizations became operational in 1945 after a sufficient number of countries had ratified the agreement .   On 15 August 1971 , the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold , effectively bringing the Bretton Woods system to an end and rendering the dollar a fiat currency . This action , referred to as the Nixon shock , created the situation in which the US dollar became a reserve currency used by many states . At the same time , many fixed currencies ( such as the pound sterling , for example ) also became free-floating .


Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( -LSB- ˈroʊzəvəlt -RSB- , his own pronunciation , or -LSB- - en ˈroʊzəvɛlt -RSB- January 30 , 1882 -- April 12 , 1945 ) , commonly known as FDR , was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945 . A Democrat , he won a record four presidential elections and emerged as a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century . He directed the United States government during most of the Great Depression and World War II . As a dominant leader of his party , he built the New Deal Coalition , realigning American politics into the Fifth Party System and defining American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century . He is often rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents , along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln .   Roosevelt was born in 1882 to an old , prominent Dutch family from Dutchess County , New York and attended Groton School . He went on to graduate from Harvard College in 1903 and attended Columbia Law School . At age 23 in 1905 , he married Eleanor Roosevelt , and the couple went on to have six children . He entered politics in 1910 , serving in the New York State Senate , and then as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson . In 1920 , presidential candidate James M. Cox selected Roosevelt as his running mate , but the Cox/Roosevelt ticket lost to the Republican ticket of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge . In 1921 , Roosevelt was stricken with debilitating polio , which cost him the use of his legs . The disability put his future political career in jeopardy , but he attempted to recover from the illness and founded the treatment center in Warm Springs , Georgia for people with polio . Roosevelt returned to political life when he nominated Alfred E. Smith at the 1924 Democratic National Convention . At Smith 's behest , Roosevelt successfully ran for Governor of New York in 1928 . He was in office from 1929 to 1933 and served as a reform governor , promoting the enactment of programs to combat the depression besetting the United States at the time .   In the 1932 presidential election , Roosevelt defeated incumbent Republican president Herbert Hoover in a landslide to win the presidency . Roosevelt took office while the United States was in the midst of the worst economic crisis in its history . Energized by his personal victory over polio , FDR relied on his persistent optimism and activism to renew the national spirit . During his first 100 days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . His support for the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 -- 37 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court , and blocked almost all proposals for major liberal legislation ( except the minimum wage , which did pass ) . When the war began and unemployment ended , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the Works Progress Administration ( WPA ) and Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) . However , they kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Social Security .   With World War II looming after 1938 with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom , while remaining officially neutral . His goal was to make America the `` Arsenal of Democracy '' , which would supply munitions to the Allies . In March 1941 , Roosevelt , with Congressional approval , provided Lend-Lease aid to Britain and China . Following the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , which he famously called `` a date which will live in infamy '' , Roosevelt sought and obtained the quick approval on the following day for Congress to declare war on Japan and , a few days later , on Germany . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies against Nazi Germany , Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan in World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and also ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers , and he initiated the development of the world 's first atomic bomb . His work also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods . Roosevelt 's physical health seriously declined during the war years , and he died weeks into his fourth term . He was then succeeded by his vice president Harry S. Truman , and a few months after Truman 's inauguration , the United States bombed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , leading to Japan 's surrender .


Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s . The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations ; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s . It was the longest , deepest , and most widespread depression of the 20th century . In the 21st century , the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world 's economy can decline .   The depression originated in the United States , after a major fall in stock prices that began around September 4 , 1929 , and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29 , 1929 ( known as Black Tuesday ) . Between 1929 and 1932 , worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15 % . By comparison , worldwide GDP fell by less than 1 % from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession . Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s . However , in many countries , the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II .   The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries both rich and poor . Personal income , tax revenue , profits and prices dropped , while international trade plunged by more than 50 % . Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25 % and in some countries rose as high as 33 % .   Cities all around the world were hit hard , especially those dependent on heavy industry . Construction was virtually halted in many countries . Farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60 % . Facing plummeting demand with few alternative sources of jobs , areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most .


Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman ( May 8 , 1884December 26 , 1972 ) was an American politician who served as the 33rd President of the United States ( 1945 -- 53 ) , assuming that office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II . He is known for launching the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe , for leading the Cold War against Soviet and Chinese communism by establishing the Truman Doctrine and NATO , and for intervening in the Korean War . In domestic affairs , he was a moderate Democrat whose liberal proposals were a continuation of Franklin Roosevelt 's New Deal , but the conservative-dominated Congress blocked most of them . He used the veto power 180 times , which is more than any president since then , and saw 12 overridden by Congress ; only Grover Cleveland and Franklin D. Roosevelt used the veto so often , and only Gerald Ford and Andrew Johnson saw so many veto overrides . He also used nuclear weapons to end World War II , desegregated the U.S. armed forces , supported a newly independent Israel , and was a founder of the United Nations .   Truman was born in Lamar , Missouri , and spent most of his youth on his family 's 600-acre farm near Independence . In the last months of World War I , he served in combat in France as an artillery officer with his National Guard unit . After the war , he briefly owned a haberdashery in Kansas City , Missouri , and joined the Democratic Party and the political machine of Tom Pendergast . Truman was first elected to public office as a county official in 1922 , and then as a U.S. Senator in 1934 . He gained national prominence as chairman of the Truman Committee , formed in March 1941 , which aimed to find and correct problems such as waste and inefficiency in Federal Government wartime contracts .   After serving as a United States Senator from Missouri ( 1935 -- 45 ) and briefly as Vice President ( 1945 ) , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12 , 1945 , upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt . Germany surrendered on Truman 's 61st birthday , just a few weeks after he assumed the presidency , but the war with Imperial Japan raged on and was expected to last at least another year . Truman approved the use of atomic bombs to end the fighting and to spare the millions of American and Japanese lives that would inevitably be lost in the planned invasion of Japan and Japanese-held islands in the Pacific . Although this decision and the numerous issues that arose as a result of it remain the subject of debate to this day , it was one of the principal factors that forced Japan 's unconditional surrender .   Truman presided over an unexpected surge in economic prosperity as America sought readjustment after long years of depression and war . His presidency was a turning point in foreign affairs , as the United States engaged in an internationalist foreign policy and renounced isolationism . Truman helped found the United Nations in 1945 , issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to contain Communism , and got the $ 13 billion Marshall Plan enacted to rebuild Western Europe . His political coalition was based on the white South , labor unions , farmers , ethnic groups , and traditional Democrats across the North . Truman was able to rally these groups of supporters during the 1948 presidential election and win a surprise victory that secured a presidential term in his own right .   The Soviet Union became an enemy in the Cold War . Truman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948 and the creation of NATO in 1949 , but was unable to stop Communists from taking over China . When communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 , he sent U.S. troops and gained UN approval for the Korean War . After initial successes in Korea , however , the UN forces were thrown back by Chinese intervention , and the conflict was stalemated throughout the final years of Truman 's presidency . On domestic issues , bills endorsed by Truman often faced opposition from a conservative Congress dominated by the Southern legislators , but his administration was able to successfully guide the American economy through the post-war economic challenges . Truman maintained that civil rights were a moral priority , and in 1948 submitted the first comprehensive civil rights legislation and issued Executive Orders to start racial integration in the military and federal agencies . Allegations were raised of corruption in the Truman administration , linked to certain cabinet members and senior White House staff ; this became a central campaign issue in the 1952 presidential election , and helped account for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower 's electoral victory . Scholars , starting in 1962 , ranked Truman 's presidency as `` near great '' ; since then he has been ranked between 5th and 9th in historical rankings of US presidents .


New Deal coalition The New Deal coalition was the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs in the United States that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until the late 1960s . It made the Democratic Party the majority party during that period , losing only to Dwight D. Eisenhower , in 1952 and 1956 . Franklin D. Roosevelt forged a coalition that included the Democratic state party organizations , city machines , labor unions , blue collar workers , minorities ( racial , ethnic and religious ) , farmers , white Southerners , people on relief , and intellectuals . The coalition began to fall apart with the bitter factionalism during the 1968 election , but it remains the model that party activists seek to replicate .


Hollywood Walk of Fame The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,600 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood , California . The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry , bearing the names of a mix of actors , musicians , directors , producers , musical and theatrical groups , fictional characters , and others . The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust . It is a popular tourist destination , with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003 .


Ben Kingsley Sir Ben Kingsley ( born Krishna Pandit Bhanji ; 31 December 1943 ) is an English actor with a career spanning over 40 years . He has won an Oscar , Grammy , BAFTA , two Golden Globes , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . He is known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor . He is also known for his performances in the films Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Twelfth Night ( 1996 ) , Sexy Beast ( 2000 ) , Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) , Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Hugo ( 2011 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) .   Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor at Buckingham Palace in 2002 for services to the British film industry . In 2010 , he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2013 , he received the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment .


Kris Kristofferson Kristoffer `` Kris '' Kristofferson ( born June 22 , 1936 ) is an American singer-songwriter , musician , and actor . He wrote and recorded the songs `` Me and Bobby McGee '' , `` For the Good Times '' , `` Sunday Mornin ' Comin ' Down '' , and `` Help Me Make It Through the Night '' . Kristofferson composed his own songs and collaborated with Nashville songwriters such as Shel Silverstein . In 1985 , Kristofferson joined fellow country artists Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Johnny Cash in forming the country music supergroup The Highwaymen .  In 2004 , Kristofferson was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame . He is also known for his starring roles in Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore and A Star Is Born , for the latter of which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .


Barbara Bush founded at least one foundation.

Barbara Bush Barbara Bush ( née Pierce ; born June 8 , 1925 ) is the wife of George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , and served as First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 . She is the mother of George W. Bush , the 43rd President , and Jeb Bush , the 43rd Governor of Florida . She served as the Second Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989 .   Barbara Pierce was born in Flushing , New York . She attended Milton Public School from 1931 to 1937 , and Rye Country Day School from 1937-1940 . She graduated from Ashley Hall School in Charleston , South Carolina . She met George Herbert Walker Bush at age 16 , and the two married in Rye , New York in 1945 , while he was on leave during his deployment as a Naval officer in World War II . While George was attending Yale University at age 22 , Barbara and George were living in New Haven , Connecticut and had their first son , George Walker Bush , on July 6 , 1946 . ( Thus , her first son , the eventual 43rd President of the United States , was the first Connecticut native to assume that office . George W. would eventually return to his hometown of New Haven in 1964 to attend Yale like his father did . ) They had six children together . The Bush family soon moved to Midland , Texas , where their second son , Jeb was born in , on February 11 , 1953 ; as George Bush entered political life , she raised their children .   While First Lady of the United States , Barbara Bush worked to advance the cause of universal literacy , and founded the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy .


Rajesh Khanna was not the highest paid Indian actor from 1970 to 1987.

Rajesh Khanna Rajesh Khanna ( born Jatin Khanna ; 29 December 1942 -- 18 July 2012 ) was an Indian actor , film producer and politician who is known for his work in Hindi cinema . He was referred to as the `` first superstar '' and the `` original superstar '' of Indian cinema . He starred in 15 consecutive solo hit films in the period 1969 to 1971 , still an unbroken record .   He made his debut in 1966 with Aakhri Khat . Through his career he appeared in more than 168 feature films and 12 short films . He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award three times and the BFJA Awards for Best Actor ( Hindi ) four times . In 1991 , he was awarded the Filmfare Special Award and in 2005 , he received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award . He was the highest paid Indian actor from 1970 to 1987 where Amitabh Bachchan shared the same tag with Khanna from 1980 to 1987 .   He was also a Lok Sabha member of the Indian National Congress from New Delhi ( Lok Sabha constituency ) from 1992 to 1996 .   He married Dimple Kapadia in March 1973 , eight months before her debut film Bobby was released and had two daughters from the marriage . Their elder daughter Twinkle Khanna is married to actor Akshay Kumar , while they also have a younger daughter Rinke Khanna .   After being critically ill , Khanna died on 18 July 2012 .  Khanna has been posthumously awarded India 's third highest civilian honour Padma Bhushan . On 30 April 2013 he was officially bestowed with the title The First Superstar of Indian cinema at Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Awards He has also been honored with a stamp and statue of his likeness , and a road being renamed in his honor .


David Harbour David Harbour ( born April 10 , 1974 ) is an American actor who has performed in film , television , and the theatre . He currently stars in the Netflix TV Series Stranger Things as main character Police Chief Jim Hopper .


Subhas Chandra Bose was not born on 23 January 1897.

Subhas Chandra Bose Subhas Chandra Bose ( 23 January 1897 -- 18 August 1945 ) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India , but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy . The honorific Netaji ( Hindustani : `` Respected Leader '' ) , first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin , was later used throughout India .   Bose had been a leader of the younger , radical , wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s , rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939 . However , he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command . He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940 .   Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941 , where the leadership offered unexpected , if sometimes ambivalent , sympathy for the cause of India 's independence , contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities . In November 1941 , with German funds , a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin , and soon a Free India Radio , on which Bose broadcast nightly . A 3,000-strong Free India Legion , comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel 's Afrika Korps , was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India . By spring 1942 , in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities , a German invasion of India became untenable , and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia . Adolf Hitler , during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942 , suggested the same , and offered to arrange for a submarine . During this time Bose also became a father ; his wife , or companion , Emilie Schenkl , whom he had met in 1934 , gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942 . Identifying strongly with the Axis powers , and no longer apologetically , Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 . In Madagascar , he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943 .   With Japanese support , Bose revamped the Indian National Army ( INA ) , then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore . To these , after Bose 's arrival , were added enlisting Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore . The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions , such as those in Burma , the Philippines and Manchukuo . Before long the Provisional Government of Free India , presided by Bose , was formed in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Bose had great drive and charisma -- creating popular Indian slogans , such as `` Jai Hind , '' -- and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region , ethnicity , religion , and even gender . However , Bose was regarded by the Japanese as being militarily unskilled , and his military effort was short-lived . In late 1944 and early 1945 the British Indian Army first halted and then devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India . Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the participating INA contingent were killed . The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula , and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore . Bose had earlier chosen not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese , but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British . He died from third degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan . Some Indians , however , did not believe that the crash had occurred , with many among them , especially in Bengal , believing that Bose would return to gain India 's independence .   Indian National Congress , the main instrument of Indian nationalism , praised Bose 's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology , especially his collaboration with Fascism . The British Raj , though never seriously threatened by the INA , charged 300 INA officers with treason in the INA trials , but eventually backtracked in the face both of popular sentiment and of its own end .


Providence, Rhode Island was founded by a religious outcast.

Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people .   Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay .   Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community .


Philadelphia contains national landmarks.

Philadelphia Philadelphia ( -LSB- ˌfɪləˈdɛlfi.ə -RSB- ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States , with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area , . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States .   In 1682 , William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787 . Several other key Philadelphia events during the Revolution include the First and Second Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , the Siege of Fort Mifflin , and the Philadelphia Convention . Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals in the Revolutionary War , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants . The majority of European immigrants have come from Ireland , Italy and Germany -- the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . The city became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration of the 20th century , as well as Puerto Ricans , surpassing two million occupants by 1950 .   The area 's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination , as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub . With a gross domestic product of $ 388 billion , Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation . Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies . The Philadelphia skyline is growing , with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several nationally prominent skyscrapers . The city is known for its arts , culture , and rich history , attracting over 41 million domestic tourists alone in 2015 . Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city . Fairmount Park , when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed , is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States . The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $ 10 billion generated by tourism . Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps , and is also the home of many U.S. firsts , including the first library ( 1731 ) , first hospital ( 1751 ) and medical school ( 1765 ) , first Capital ( 1777 ) , first stock exchange ( 1790 ) , first zoo ( 1874 ) , and first business school ( 1881 ) . Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States .


James Mangold directed a film that starred Sylvester Stallone.

James Mangold James Mangold ( born December 16 , 1963 ) is an American film and television director , screenwriter and producer . Films he has directed include Walk the Line , which he also co-wrote ; The Wolverine ; Logan ; Cop Land ; Girl , Interrupted ; Knight and Day ; and the 2007 remake 3:10 to Yuma . He also produced and directed pilots for the television series Men in Trees ( which ran from 2006 to 2008 ) NYC 22 ( 2011 -- 2012 ) and Vegas ( 2012 -- 2013 ) .


Cop Land Cop Land is a 1997 American crime drama film written and directed by James Mangold , and starring Sylvester Stallone , Harvey Keitel , Ray Liotta , and Robert De Niro . The supporting cast features Peter Berg , Janeane Garofalo , Robert Patrick , Michael Rapaport , Annabella Sciorra , Cathy Moriarty , Arthur Nascarella , and John Spencer . The story follows a sheriff ( Stallone ) in a small New Jersey town inhabited and dominated by corrupt New York City cops . Their corruption grows until he can no longer allow himself to stand by and do nothing .


Cry Freedom wasn't shot in South Africa because of political turmoil.

Cry Freedom Cry Freedom is a 1987 British epic drama film directed by Richard Attenborough , set in late-1970s apartheid era South Africa . The screenplay was written by John Briley based on a pair of books by journalist Donald Woods . The film centres on the real-life events involving black activist Steve Biko and his friend Donald Woods , who initially finds him destructive , and attempts to understand his way of life . Denzel Washington stars as Biko , while actor Kevin Kline portrays Woods . Cry Freedom delves into the ideas of discrimination , political corruption , and the repercussions of violence .   The film was primarily shot on location in Zimbabwe and in Kenya due to political turmoil in South Africa at the time of production . As a film showing mostly in limited cinematic release , it was nominated for multiple awards , including Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Supporting Role , Best Original Score , and Best Original Song . It also won a number of awards including those from the Berlin International Film Festival and the British Academy Film Awards .   A joint collective effort to commit to the film 's production was made by Universal Pictures and Marble Arch Productions . It was commercially distributed by Universal Pictures cinematically , and by MCA Home Video for home media . Cry Freedom premiered in cinemas nationwide in the United States on 6 November 1987 grossing $ 5,899,797 in domestic ticket receipts . The film was at its widest release showing in 479 cinemas nationwide . It was generally met with positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas .


Jeff Hardy has been incapable of holding the TNA World Heavyweight Championship three times.

Jeff Hardy Jeffrey Nero Hardy ( born August 31 , 1977 ) is an American professional wrestler , singer-songwriter , painter and musician currently signed to WWE on the Raw brand , where he is one-half of the brand 's Tag Team Champions in his first reign .   Hardy is best known for his work during his first run in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) , later renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , and he also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now known as Impact Wrestling ) . Before gaining prominence in WWE , Hardy performed for the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts ( OMEGA ) , a promotion he ran with his brother Matt .   After being signed by WWE , the brothers worked as enhancement talents , before gaining notoriety in the tag team division , partly due to their participation in Tables , Ladders and Chairs matches . With the addition of Lita , the team became known as Team Xtreme and continued to rise in popularity . As a tag team wrestler , Hardy is an ten-time world tag team champion ( six World Tag Team Championships , one WCW Tag Team Championship , two TNA World Tag Team Championships , and one ROH World Tag Team Championship ) -- all with his brother Matt . On the independent circuit , Jeff was also one-half of the OMEGA Tag Team Champions with Matt in their second reign and one-half of the The Crash Tag Team Champions with Matt in their first reign .   As a singles wrestler , Hardy is a six-time world champion , having held the TNA World Heavyweight Championship three times , the WWE Championship once , and WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship twice . Within WWE , he also held the Intercontinental Championship four times , the Light Heavyweight , and European Championships once each and the Hardcore Championship three times , making him the eighteenth Triple Crown Champion and the ninth Grand Slam Champion in company history . Between WWE , TNA , and ROH , Hardy has won 25 total championships .   Hardy is involved in motocross , music , painting , and other artistic endeavors . He is currently a member of the band PeroxWhy?Gen , with whom he has released two studio albums and one extended play .   Hardy , along with his brother Matt , returned to the WWE at WrestleMania 33 after an 8-year absence , winning the Raw Tag Team Championship , thus becoming a seven-time WWE tag team champion with his brother Matt .


Ultron Ultron ( -LSB- ˈʌltrən -RSB- ) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is most recognized as a nemesis of the Avengers , and has a quasi-familial relationship with his creator Hank Pym . He was the first Marvel Comics character to wield the fictitious metal alloy adamantium .   Ultron has been voiced by Tom Kane and by Jim Meskimen in several media adaptations . The character is portrayed by James Spader in the 2015 film Avengers : Age of Ultron .


Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers : Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2012 's The Avengers and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Hemsworth , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Evans , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Don Cheadle , Aaron Taylor-Johnson , Elizabeth Olsen , Paul Bettany , Cobie Smulders , Anthony Mackie , Hayley Atwell , Idris Elba , Stellan Skarsgård , James Spader , and Samuel L. Jackson . In Avengers : Age of Ultron , the Avengers fight Ultron , an artificial intelligence obsessed with causing human extinction .   The sequel was announced in May 2012 , after the successful release of The Avengers . Whedon , the director of the first film , was brought back on board in August and a release date was set . By April 2013 , Whedon had completed a draft of the script , and casting began in June with the re-signing of Downey . Second unit filming began in February 2014 in South Africa with principal photography taking place between March and August 2014 . The film was primarily shot at Shepperton Studios in Surrey , England , with additional footage filmed in Italy , South Korea , Bangladesh , New York City , and various locations around England . While in post production , the film was converted to 3D and over 3,000 visual effects shots were added .   Avengers : Age of Ultron premiered in Los Angeles on April 13 , 2015 , and was released on May 1 , 2015 , in North America , in 3D and IMAX 3D . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $ 1.4 billion worldwide , making it the seventh-highest-grossing film in history and the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2015 . A sequel , Avengers : Infinity War , is scheduled to be released on May 4 , 2018 , and another untitled sequel is scheduled for May 3 , 2019 .


Futurama (season 7) The seventh and final season of Futurama consisted of 26 episodes split equally across two broadcast seasons : 7-A and 7-B . It premiered on Comedy Central on June 20 , 2012 . A box set containing the 13 episodes of Season 7-A was released as Futurama : Volume 7 and another box set containing the 13 episodes of Season 7-B was released as Futurama : Volume 8 .   In April 2013 , Comedy Central announced that they would not be renewing Futurama for another season , making 7-B the final season of the series . The final episode aired on September 4 , 2013 .


Futurama Futurama is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy , Philip J. Fry , who , after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years , finds employment at Planet Express , an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century . The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on The Simpsons ; he later brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox .   In the United States , the series aired on Fox from March 28 , 1999 , to August 10 , 2003 , before ceasing production . Futurama also aired in reruns on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim from 2003 to 2007 , until the network 's contract expired . It was revived in 2007 as four direct-to-video films ; the last of which was released in early 2009 . Comedy Central entered into an agreement with 20th Century Fox Television to syndicate the existing episodes and air the films as 16 new , half-hour episodes , constituting a fifth season .   In June 2009 , producing studio 20th Century Fox announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes , which began airing in 2010 and 2011 . The show was renewed for a seventh season , with the first half airing in June 2012 and the second set for mid-2013 . It was later revealed that the seventh season would be the final season , as Comedy Central announced that they would not be commissioning any further episodes . The series finale aired on September 4 , 2013 . While Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network , David X. Cohen stated that the episode `` Meanwhile '' would be the last episode of season 7 and also the series finale .   Throughout its run , Futurama has received critical acclaim . The show has been nominated for 17 Annie Awards and 12 Emmy Awards , winning seven of the former and six of the latter . It has also been nominated four times for a Writers Guild of America Award , winning two for the episodes `` Godfellas '' and `` The Prisoner of Benda '' , been nominated for a Nebula Award and has received Environmental Media Awards for episodes `` The Problem with Popplers '' and `` The Futurama Holiday Spectacular '' . Futurama-related merchandise has also been released , including a tie-in comic book series and video game , calendars , clothes and figurines . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Futurama as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time .


John Cena is incapable of winning multiple wrestling awards.

John Cena John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. ( -LSB- ˈsiːnə -RSB- born April 23 , 1977 ) is an American professional wrestler , rapper , actor , and reality television show host . He is signed to WWE , where he performs on the SmackDown brand . Cena started his professional wrestling career in 1999 with Ultimate Pro Wrestling ( UPW ) and won the UPW Heavyweight Championship the following year . Cena signed a developmental contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , later renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment , or simply WWE ) in 2001 , debuting on the WWE main roster in 2002 .   From a generic character in 2002 , Cena morphed into a rapper for the time period of 2002 -- 2004 , which earned him fame within the audience on SmackDown ! . Cena later transitioned to his current character , which he describes as a `` goody-two shoes Superman '' . However , Cena has been labeled as the `` most polarizing professional wrestler ever '' as his character has many supporters and many detractors , according to Jim Ross of Fox Sports , who also noted that Cena has been WWE 's franchise player for a long-time . In 2012 , IGN described Cena as WWE 's franchise player since 2005 and WWE credited Cena as being the `` face of WWE '' in 2015 since 2004 . Industry veterans John Layfield , Paul Heyman , and Kurt Angle have called Cena the greatest WWE star of all time .   Throughout his WWE career , Cena has won 25 championships , with 16 reigns as a world champion ( 13 times as WWE Champion and three times as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , an accomplishment only previously achieved by WWE Hall of Famer Ric Flair . He is also a five-time United States Champion , and four-time world tag team champion ( two World Tag Team and two WWE Tag Team ) . Furthermore , he is a Money in the Bank ladder match winner ( 2012 ) , a two-time Royal Rumble winner ( 2008 , 2013 ) , and a three-time Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner ( 2009 , 2010 , 2012 ) . Cena has the fourth-highest number of combined days as WWE Champion , behind Bruno Sammartino , Bob Backlund , and Hulk Hogan . He has also headlined WWE 's flagship event , WrestleMania , on five different occasions ( WrestleManias 22 , 23 , XXVII , XXVIII , and 29 ) over the course of his career , as well as many others pay-per-view events . As of 2016 , John Cena is WWE 's highest-paid wrestler .   Outside of wrestling , Cena has released the rap album You Ca n't See Me , which debuted at No. 15 on the US Billboard 200 chart , and starred in the feature films The Marine ( 2006 ) , 12 Rounds ( 2009 ) , Legendary ( 2010 ) , The Reunion ( 2011 ) , Trainwreck ( 2015 ) , and Sisters ( 2015 ) . Cena has also made appearances on television shows including Manhunt , Deal or No Deal , MADtv , Saturday Night Live , Punk 'd , Psych , and Parks and Recreation . He was also a contestant on Fast Cars and Superstars : The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race , where he made it to the final round before being eliminated , placing third in the overall competition . Cena is also the host of American Grit on Fox . Cena is involved in numerous philanthropic causes ; most notably with the Make-A-Wish Foundation . He has granted the most wishes in Make-A-Wish history .


Samuel Witwer's is without a middle name.

Samuel Witwer Samuel Stewart `` Sam '' Witwer ( born October 20 , 1977 ) is an American actor and musician . He has portrayed Crashdown in Battlestar Galactica , Davis Bloome in Smallville , and vampire Aidan Waite of the US/Canadian remake of BBC 's supernatural drama series Being Human on Syfy in the US and Space in Canada . He also voiced protagonist Galen Marek/Starkiller in the multimedia project Star Wars : The Force Unleashed , as well as The Son and Darth Maul in Cartoon Network 's Star Wars : The Clone Wars and Emperor Palpatine as well as Maul in Disney XD 's Star Wars Rebels .


Paul Newman is an American, professional road racer that is colorblind.

Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman ( January 26 , 1925 -- September 26 , 2008 ) was an American actor , IndyCar driver , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He won and was nominated for numerous awards , winning an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money , a BAFTA Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Cannes Film Festival Award , an Emmy Award , and many others . Newman 's other films include The Hustler ( 1961 ) , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) as Butch Cassidy , The Sting ( 1973 ) , and The Verdict ( 1982 ) . However , he is perhaps best remembered for his role as the title character in Cool Hand Luke ( 1967 ) .   Despite being colorblind , Newman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing , and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing . He was a co-founder of Newman 's Own , a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity . As of January 2017 , these donations have totaled over US$ 485 million . He was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network , a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need . In 1988 , Newman founded the SeriousFun Children 's Network , a global family of summer camps and programs for children with serious illness which has served 290,076 children since its inception .


Champ Car Champ Car is the general name for a class and specification of American professional top-level open wheel cars used in American Championship car racing for many decades , associated primarily with the Indianapolis 500 . Such racing had been sanctioned by the AAA , USAC , SCCA , the CRL , CART , and IndyCar .   In its most popular and recent contemporary usage , `` Champ Car '' was the name given to a governing body formerly known as Championship Auto Racing Teams ( CART ) . The CART series was founded in 1979 by team owners who disagreed with the direction and leadership of USAC . At the height of the popularity of the series in the late 1980s and early 1990s , it was known as the CART/PPG Indy Car World Series . The term `` Champ Car '' temporarily disappeared from use , with the more marketable term `` Indy Car '' being utilized .   In 1996 , the open wheel `` split '' saw the CART series take a different direction from the newly created Indy Racing League IRL and the Indy 500 . Thereafter , it re-branded itself as CART again , and re-booted the term `` Champ Car '' as the moniker for the machines used . The series was advertised as CART FedEx Championship Series from 1997 to 2002 .   CART went bankrupt at the end of the 2003 season . A trio of CART team owners acquired the assets of the sanctioning body and renamed it as the Champ Car World Series ( CCWS ) , again highlighting the historic ` Champ Car ' term . Continuing financial difficulties caused CCWS to file for bankruptcy before its planned 2008 season ; its assets were merged into the IRL 's IndyCar Series , uniting both series of American championship open-wheel racing .


Grand Ole Opry The Grand Ole Opry is a weekly country-music stage concert in Nashville , Tennessee , which was founded on November 28 , 1925 , by George D. Hay as a one-hour radio `` barn dance '' on WSM . Currently owned and operated by Opry Entertainment ( a division of Ryman Hospitality Properties , Inc. ) , it is the longest-running radio broadcast in US history , albeit not the longest-running one on a radio network . Dedicated to honoring country music and its history , the Opry showcases a mix of famous singers and contemporary chart-toppers performing country , bluegrass , folk , gospel , and comedic performances and skits . It attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world and millions of radio and Internet listeners .   The Opry 's current primary slogan is `` The Show that Made Country Music Famous '' . Other slogans include `` Home of American Music '' and `` Country 's Most Famous Stage '' .   In the 1930s the show began hiring professionals and expanded to four hours ; and WSM , broadcasting by then with 50,000 watts , made the program a Saturday night musical tradition in nearly 30 states . In 1939 , it debuted nationally on NBC Radio . The Opry moved to a permanent home , the Ryman Auditorium , in 1943 . As it developed in importance , so did the city of Nashville , which became America 's `` country music capital '' . The Grand Ole Opry holds such significance in Nashville that its name is included on the city/county line signs on all major roadways . The signs read `` Music City | Metropolitan Nashville Davidson County | Home of the Grand Ole Opry '' .   Membership in the Opry remains one of country music 's crowning achievements . Such country music legends as Hank Williams , Patsy Cline , Marty Robbins , Roy Acuff , the Carter family , Bill Monroe , Ernest Tubb , Kitty Wells and Minnie Pearl became regulars on the Opry 's stage . In recent decades , the Opry has hosted such contemporary country stars as Dolly Parton , Alan Jackson , Garth Brooks , Reba McEntire , Josh Turner , Carrie Underwood , Brad Paisley , Rascal Flatts , Dierks Bentley , Kacey Musgraves , Blake Shelton and the Dixie Chicks . Since 1974 , the show has been broadcast from the Grand Ole Opry House east of downtown Nashville , with an annual three-month winter foray back to the Ryman since 1999 . Performances have been sporadically televised in addition to the radio programs .


Naturi Naughton Naturi Cora Maria Naughton ( born May 20 , 1984 ) is an American actress and singer-songwriter . Naughton was one-third of the R&B trio 3LW and is known for her acting roles in Fame , Notorious , where she played Lil ' Kim , and The Playboy Club . Naughton was a series regular in season one of the Lifetime television drama series The Client List as Kendra . Naughton stars in the Starz drama Power as Tasha St. Patrick .


Roy Whiting Roy William Whiting ( born 26 January 1959 ) is an English convicted child killer , from West Sussex . In December 2001 , he was convicted of the abduction and murder of eight-year-old Sarah Payne , which occurred in West Sussex in July 2000 .


Steve Harvey has written at least two books.

Steve Harvey Broderick Stephen `` Steve '' Harvey ( born January 17 , 1957 ) is an American comedian , television host , producer , radio personality , actor , and author . He hosts The Steve Harvey Morning Show , the Steve Harvey talk show , Family Feud and Little Big Shots . He is the author of Act Like a Lady , Think Like a Man , which was published in March 2009 , and the book Straight Talk , No Chaser : How to Find and Keep a Man .   Harvey previously hosted Showtime at the Apollo , starred in The Steve Harvey Show , and was featured in The Original Kings of Comedy . He is a five-time Daytime Emmy Award winner , and a 14-time NAACP Image Award winner in various categories .


Marlon Brando took part in a Technicolor film.

Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements .   He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 .   The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s .   Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .


Sayonara Sayonara is a 1957 Technicolor American film starring Marlon Brando in Technirama . The picture tells the story of an American Air Force flier who was an ace fighter pilot during the Korean War .   Sayonara won four Academy Awards , including acting honors for co-stars Red Buttons and Miyoshi Umeki .   The film 's screenplay was adapted by Paul Osborn from the novel by James Michener , and was produced by William Goetz and directed by Joshua Logan . Unlike most 1950s romantic dramas , Sayonara deals squarely with racism and prejudice . The supporting cast also features Patricia Owens , James Garner , Martha Scott , Ricardo Montalbán , and Miiko Taka .


Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok-joo is a television show from South Korea.

Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok-joo Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok-joo is a South Korean television series starring Lee Sung-kyung in the title role . It is a coming-of-age sports drama , inspired by the life of Olympic gold-medalist Jang Mi-ran . It airs on MBC every Wednesday and Thursday at 22:00 ( KST ) starting November 16 , 2016 to January 11 , 2017 .