english: had arisen several times previously—over what period? presumably that which is stated shortly after, but not explicit
non_english: ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡. ➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡➡