The main distinguishing feature common to Northern variants is a set of standard phonological shifts in unaccented vowel phonemes: [o] becomes [u], [e] becomes [i], and [i] and [u] are dropped.
गरिबीलाई शून्यमा झार्नका लागि अनेक मानकहरू तय गरिएका छन्, सहस्राब्दी विकास लक्ष्य (एमडीजी) मा हासिल भएका उपलब्धिलाई टेकेरै नयाँ लक्ष्य तोकिएका हुन् ।