Who demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus?
multipleQAs
Who is best-known for demonstrating that a reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus? Who is typically unrecognized for demonstrating that a reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus?
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Ivan Pavlov
Edwin B. Twitmyer Edwin Burket Twitmyer
Neutral stimulus
reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus
Neutral stimulus Classical conditioning Fear conditioning Conditioned emotional response Operant conditioning Fear-potentiated startle Little Albert experiment Behaviorism Reinforcement Second-order conditioning
With repeated presentations of both the <b>neutral stimulus</b> and the <b>unconditioned</b> 
stimulus, the <b>neutral stimulus will</b> elicit a response as well, known as a 
<b>conditioned</b>&nbsp;... Classical <b>conditioning</b> refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically 
potent stimulus ... (A <b>conditioned response may</b> occur after only one pairing.) 
Thus, unlike the UR, the ... Procedures[edit]. Ivan Pavlov research on dog&#39;s <b>reflex</b> 
setup&nbsp;... Fear <b>conditioning</b> is a behavioral paradigm in which organisms learn to predict 
aversive events. It is a form of learning in which an aversive stimulus (e.g. an 
electrical shock) ... Eventually, the <b>neutral stimulus</b> alone <b>can</b> elicit the state of 
fear. ... fear potentiated startle (the augmentation of the startle <b>reflex</b> by a fearful 
stimulus). For example, if seeing a dog (a <b>neutral stimulus</b>) is paired with the pain of being 
bitten by the dog (<b>unconditioned</b> stimulus), seeing a dog <b>may</b> become a&nbsp;... These previously <b>neutral stimuli</b> acquire several properties: their appearance <b>can</b> 
induce craving, and they <b>can</b> become <b>conditioned</b> positive reinforcers of&nbsp;... Fear-potentiated startle (FPS) is a reflexive physiological reaction to a presented 
stimulus, and is an indicator of the fear reaction in an organism. The FPS 
response <b>can</b> be elicited in the face of any threatening stimulus (e.g. ... The 
negative impact of heightened FPS in the face of <b>neutral stimuli can</b> be treated&nbsp;... He wanted to test the notion that by following the principles of the procedure now 
known as &quot;classical <b>conditioning</b>&quot;, he <b>could</b> use this <b>unconditioned response</b> to&nbsp;... Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the 
behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a <b>reflex</b> 
evoked by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment ... While 
Watson and Ivan Pavlov investigated how (<b>conditioned</b>) <b>neutral stimuli</b> elicit 
reflexes&nbsp;... In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence applied that <b>will</b> 
strengthen an ... The memory-enhancing stimulus <b>can</b> also be one whose effects 
are directly rather than ... Main section: Reinforcement#Operant <b>conditioning</b> ... 
desirable response by presenting a <b>reflex</b> eliciting stimulus, the <b>Unconditional</b> 
<b>Stimulus</b>&nbsp;... In classical <b>conditioning</b>, second-order <b>conditioning</b> or higher-order <b>conditioning</b> 
is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first ... Honeybees show second-order 
<b>conditioning</b> during proboscis extension <b>reflex conditioning</b>. ... suggests that the 
second-order stimulus (CS2) and the <b>conditioned response</b> (CR) form a direct 
link&nbsp;...
B.F. Skinner
Operant conditioning