In deciding upon the setts to be used in comparing
the quoted prices, the relative specific gravities should
be taken into account, as the lighter setts will, of
course, cover a larger area of pavement. For instance,
if 500 yards of paving required 151 tons of setts with
a specific gravity of 2-60, and assuming the price to
be 25s. per ton, the cost would be £188 15s. ; whereas
it would take 168 tons of setts with a specific gravity
of 2"90 to cover the same area, and if the price of
these setts was 24s. per ton, the cost would be £201 12s.;



CAREIAGBWAYS AND FOOTWAYS. 41

SO that there would be a saving in adopting the
higher-priced stones provided their durability was
equal.*

It may be convenient at this point to give the
following standard specifications for paving streets in
the city of Liverpool, which are issued to builders
and others who are laying out new streets. They
are as follows :

Pibst-Class Streets.
Carriageway. — Excavate or fill in the ground, as
the case may be, to the requisite level, and remove
all surplus material. Properly form and trim off the
surface and thoroughly consolidate same, and then lay
a foundation of not less than 6in. of Portland cement
<!oncrete, Corporation standard. The paving shall con-
sist of granite or syenite setts, 3jin. wide by 6^in. deep,
from North Wales or other approved quarries, laid in
regular, straight, and properly-bonded courses, with
•close joints, and to be evenly bedded on a layer of
fine gravel ^in. in thickness. After the paving is laid,
the joints shall be filled with hard, clean, dry shingle ;
the setts shall then be thoroughly rammed and addi-
tional shingle added until the joints are perfectly full.
