Communities, feudal, self-
sufficiency of, 4-6.
" Company for the Exploita-
tion of the State Rail-
ways," 61.
Competition, Railroads, state
and private, 63; Water,
197-198, in Europe, 145,
Holland, 194.
Competitive rates, France,
163, Russia, 119; Water,
England, 231-232.
Concession rates, France,
104.
Ccmcessions, Railway, Aus-
tria, 74, 75; France, 46-
47, Italian States, 76. See
also Subsidies.
Conciliation clause, England,

239-

Conditions, similar, ra Eng-
lish tariff, 234-235.
Conventions, trade, inter-
national, 137.
Cotton, movement of, Ger-
many, 114.
Cost of hauling, Germany

and United States, 131.
Cost of operation. Railway,

France, i6g ; Holland, 171 ;

Italy, 173; United Swiss

Railways, 172.
" Cost of service " tariff,

Prussia, 107.
Customs, and international

rail traffic, 137.
D

Danube, canals, 36, 37,
steamer subsidies, 39.
Deficit, railway, government
control and, Switzerland,
200.
Demurrage, 125.
Density of traffic, England,

253-
Despatch charge, Europe, 96.
" Directions," Prussian, 150-

iSi.
Discriminations, Europe, 95,
Russia, 118.
Distance tariff, passenger, 89,
90.
Distribution, England, in-
adequate, 220, business
methods of, and size of
cars, 262; Germany, freight
rate structure and centers
of, 116.
Division of labor, United
States, 6.
Dortmund-Ems Canal, 22.
Dykes, Austria-Hungary, 37,
38.
Edict of Nantes and com-
merce in England, 213.
Elasticity of rates, and de-
velopment of commerce,
206.
Elbe, traffic of, 25.
