Or,  if  we  prefer,  we  may  say  that  the  more  highly
co-ordinated  action  of  the  nerve  centres  gives  way  to
their  more  inco-ordinated  action,  and  therefore  the
presence  of  hypnotic  phenomena  indicates  a  some-
what lower  degree  of  mental  integration.^  In
catalepsy  and  anaesthesia  there  may  be  complete
quiescence  of  the  higher  modes  of  action;  in  dream-
ing, ecstasy,  and  hypnotism  proper,  they  are  taken
into  comparatively  uncontrolled  spheres;  in  hallu-
cinations they  remain  in  the  normal  sphere,  but  are
perverted;  in  neurasthenia  and  hysteria  there  is
merely   a   slightly   lessened   control   of    the    higher

1  Art.  "Klikuschi,"  "Ikota,"  "  Lata,"  "  Tigretier,"  Zi2V/.  Fsyci^
Med.  For  several  of  these  and  allied  hypnotic  affections,  occurring
chiefly  or  exclusively  in  v^omen,  see  Max  Bartels,  Medicin  der  Naiur-
volker,  pp.  215-218.
^  Professor  Starbuck's  detailed  study,  The  Fsychology  of  Religion,  in
which  due  attention  is  given  to  sexual  differences,  may  be  consulted
with  advantage.
^  "As  we  ascend  the  animal  scale,"  Ferrier  remarks  {Functions
of  the  Brain,  1886),  "the  centres  of  which  the  cerebro-spinal  system  is
composed  become  more  and  more  intimately  bound  up  and  associated
with  each  other  in  action."

22


338  MAN   AND   WOMAN.
centres;  while  the  increased  activity  of  the  lower
centres  may  be  intertwined  with  a  considerable
degree  of  intellectual  activity  in  the  modes  of  re-
ligious exaltation.
It  is  not  necessary  here  to  discuss  the  causation  of  hypnotic
religious  phenomena.  To  do  so  would  be  to  open  up  many
interesting  questions  which  are  still  scarcely  ripe  for  solution.
