•35



3 «

So-



«ir^i^ a to



O

i



I .tJ bo

■• fl'S •

lo-aM
S'^ a M

^c/3 nJ rt



O



164



WATER.
chlorine to saturate them; then to the calcium, and finally
to the magnesium.
The carbonic acid is united with the calcium and magnesium
after the other combinations are made.. There are exceptions
to this rule ; mineral waters and many artesian well waters form-
ing notable examples.
Carrying out the above, the following is obtained : —

Grms. per Grains per

U.S. gallon.
litre.
NaCl 00091

NaaSOi 0-0033

K2SO4 o-ooog

CaSOi 0'03ii

CaCOs 0.0118

MgCOs 0-0162

FejOsAlzOa .... 0-0051

SiOj 0-0082

Organic, &c 0-0193



0-5306
0-1923
0-0524
I -8136
0-6880
0-9446
0-2973
0-4771
I-I2S4



Total . . 0-1050 6-1213

This analysis shows, that the principal scale-forming ingre-
dient is calcium sulphate, being more than equal to the carbon-
ates of calcium and magnesium.
The following analysis is of a water containing sulphuric
acid, but the alkalies being present in sufficient amount to ■
combine with all of it, as well as the chlorine, no sulphate of
lime is present.
Grms. per


Grains per




litre.
U.S. gallon


SiOa


. 0-0038


0-2215


SO3




. 0-01 10


0-6414


CI . ..
. 0-0062


0-3615


K2O




. 0-0033


0-1923


NaaO




. 00185


1-0788


MgO ..
. 0-0165


0-9388


CaO.
. 0-0466


2-7175


AlaOaPezOs.
.. 0-0020 ■


O-I166


Organic Matter




. 0-0246


I -4345


Carbonic acid.
• 0-0530


3-0908




0-1855


10-7937


Oxygen in excess of CI


. 0-0021
. 0-1834


0-1224


Total


10-6713



ANALYSES OF BOILER WATERS. 165

Combined as follows : — n™. „„ r™:.,..,.,

Grms. per Ijrams per

litre. U.S. gallon.
