" A recognition of the obligations which man owes to his
fellow-men, and the promptings of love's divine self-abnegation,
impose restraints on some of the competitors, who, instead of
forcing their way to the front, as they are well able to do,
stand aside and allow themselves to be beaten by those less
fitted to survive." (Crichton Browne.)

Amongst all uncivilized nations the birth-rate is enormously
high. For instance, the negroes of the United States have a
much higher natality than the whites. This is due to their
low social condition and general improvidence. For whites
the figures are 26'35 per 1000 ; for the coloured, 29'o7. See
Mayo Smith on this point. He regrets that the fecundity of
the coloured is greater than that of the white races, and
predicts trouble in future from it.
But in considering the natality of coloured races, it must be



94 NEO-MALTHUSIANISM

remembered that their death-rate is correspondingly high ; for
instance, the death-rate of infants under one year amounted in
Calcutta, m 1893, to 415 per 1000; in 1894, to 403. In
England the corresponding annual rate was, over an average
of ten years, but 144.
In 1790 the population of the United States amounted to
3,929,214; in 1890, to 67,240,000. In 1790 the coloured
population amounted to 757,208 ; in 1890, to 8,000,000.
The American statisticians estimate, present increase continu-
ing, that in 1900 the white population of the United States
will amount to 77,000,000; in 1950 to 103,314,000; in 1990
to 1,206,400,000, with a coloured population in that year of
86,000,000. They also estimate that in 1990 the urban
population of the United States will amount to 240,000,000,
and of these New York alone will probably contain 30,000,000.
