characters  in  an  adult  skull.  Some  investigators
(like  Aeby),  though  not  in  very  recent  days,  have
gone  so  far  as  to  declare  that  there  are  no  sexual
differences  in  the  skull  except  size.  And  most  com-
petent craniologists,  like  Virchow,  one  of  the  most
distinguished,  insist  that,  among  non- European
races,  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  determine  the  sex
from  the  skull,  as  the  criteria  furnished  by  one  race
do  not  hold  for  other  races,  although  among  some
savage  races  (as  in  New  Britain)  the  sexual  differences
in  the  skull  may  be  "  colossal."  When  attempting
to  determine  by  inspection  alone  the  sex  of  skulls  of
known  origin,  Mantegazza,  an  experienced  anthro-
pologist, found  that  his  mistakes  were  from  three  to
iive  per  cent. ;  Rebentisch,  a  younger  and  less  experi-
enced observer,  found  that  his  errors  were  nine  per
cent.
The  skull  is  of  incomparably  less  importance  from
this  point  of  view  than  the  pelvis.  And  although  it
is  impossible  to  assert  that  differences  between  the
skulls  of  men  and  of  women  are  only  those  of  size,
it  is  extremely  probable  that,  as  Manouvrier  argues,
such  sexual  characters  as  may  be  found  are  due
mainly  to  the  differences  in  general  physical  propor-
tion; that  is  to  say,  that  they  depend  chiefly  on  the
greater  precocity  of  woman  and  her  earlier  arrest  of
growth.  It  need  scarcely  be  added  that  to  say  that
the  sexual  differences  in  the  skull  are  largely  the
result  of  the  general  physical  differences  is  not  to  say
that  they  are  of  no  significance.
