Kellogg  went  to  the  "black  country"  to  study  the  women  nail-
makers  and  brick-makers,  and  found  among  them  some  of  the
best  developed  women  he  had  ever  seen.  He  ascertained  also
that  they  are  extremely  healthy.
It  may  be  mentioned  that  Hultkrantz,  of  Upsala,  endeavour-
ing to  avoid  the  possible  fallacies  of  external  measurement  in
estimating  the  influence  of  the  diaphragm  in  respiration,  intro-
duced an  elastic  ball  into  the  stomach  and  then  inflated  it.
His  experiments  were  performed  on  too  small  a  number  of
persons  to  lead  to  any  general  conclusions,  but  he  was  able
to  demonstrate  the  lesser  diaphragmatic  movement  in  women,
and  also  to  show  that  pressure  by  a  band  in  men  produced
lessened  diaphragmatic  movement.  ("  Ueber  die  respira-
torischen  Bewegungen  des  menschlichen  Zwerchfells,"  Skan-
dinavisches  Archivfiir  Physiologie,  1890,  heft  i.)

The  evidence  clearly  points  to  the  conclusion  that
the  sexual  differences  in  respiration  found  among
civilised  races  are  not  natural  secondary  sexual
characters,  but  are  merely  the  result  of  the  artificial
constrictions  of  the  dress  usually  worn  by  women.
