"As a rule, the objective of the campaign was a province
or frontier fortress, never the enemy's field army, a point
again on which almost the whole of Hamley's 'Strategy'



Wars of Fkederick the Great. 87

turns;* and this being settled, the next thing was to accumu-
late the magazines on which to base the movement. Then
-followed the march into the enemy's country, which, owing
to bad roads and the enormous train, frequently was of ex-
treme slowness. Ten English miles a day was considered
exceptional, and often four to five was a fair average
performance."

'•When the assailant had thus penetrated a few miles
into the enemy's country, generally to some previously
agreed on line of defense, a halt had to be made to bring up
the bakeries and magazines, and these had then to be pro-
tected by detachments; and since no organized 'etappen'
(i. e., line of communication troops) existed, the advancing
army rapidly became weaker, and when the enemy was at
last rea.ched, it was only considered advisable to attack if
the latter was evidently surprised in his concentration;
otherwise maneuvering was resorted to.
