For what is sold, the loss of the surplus would not be ruinous. This cooperative marketing associations tend to rob about. They do not dump a big crop all at once upon the market. They merchandise it—offer it to create new markets for the surplus, if they can not get rid of it, this haphazard market markets only as those markets can absorb it, and meantime try to push; If it is a perishable product, the surplus becomes a total loss, but it is a loss distributed proportionately among all the growers, who will receive more for that part of their crop which they sell than they would have received from the entire crop if dumped. If it is a non-perishable product there is a carry-over in which each member of the pool has an interest. He knows of the carry-over because of his interest in it, and knows that to make it valuable he should not overproduce the next year; and he acts accordingly. Overproduction is always costly, but it is infinitely less costly with a strong cooperative marketing association handling the crop. 