36, 63, 64. Montaigne here suggests the hardening
method. Locke from these suggestions makes out a
very elaborate system (sec. 1-9) with the same purpose
in view. Locke, however, goes to extremes which are
absurd — as, for example, his advice that a child's
shoes be made so thin that they may " leak and let in
water whenever he comes near it." For the contrary
view, see Spencer's Physical Education, where he calls
the hardening process a " grievous delusion." Kous-
seau does not keep pace with Locke, but thinks,
nevertheless, that in time children may be bathed in
water at the point of freezing (p. 24). Little or no
headdress should be worn at any time of the year

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30. P. 37. Montaigne speaks further concerning
good manners in Book i, chapter xiii. "Not every
country only, but every city and every society has a
certain form of good manners. In this respect there
was care enough taken in my education, and I have
lived in good company enough to know the formalities
of our own nation, and am able to give lessons in it.
I love to follow them, but not to be so completely en-
slaved to their observation that my whole life should
be given up to them. ... I have seen some people
rude by being over-civil and troublesome in their
courtesy." Locke, too, warns young people of this
" mistaken civility," and gives careful directions for
training children in good breeding (sec. 144^145).
31. P. 38. Seneca, Epist., 103.
23. P. 38. Cicero, De Offlc, i, 41.
33. P. 39. Cicero, Acad., v, 3, 39.
34. P. 43. Propertius, iv, 3, 39.
