Aet.  15.  The  patent  will  forfeit  all  its  rights  :  (1.)  If  the
yearly  tax  or  amount  stated  in  Art.  5  is  not  paid.  (2.)  If  the  dis-
covery or  invention  shall  not  be  put  into  use  within  the  term  of  two
years  or  in  the  term  expressed  in  the  patent,  unless  the  cause  of  its
detention  can  be  legally  justified.  (3.)  If  articles  manufactured  in
foreign  countries  should  be  introduced  similar  to  those  patented  by
the  patentee,  with  the  exception,  only,  of  models  of  machinery
whose  introduction  shall  be  authorized,  after  formal  inspection,  by
the  government.
Art.  16,  Any  person  that  by  advertisement,  prospectus,  plac-
ard, mart  or  stamp,  claiming  to  himself  the  title  of  patentee,  with-
out legally  holding  a  patent,  or  after  the  patent  has  expired,  will
be  fined  50  to  1000  soles  without  exempting  him  from  the  penal-
ties against  the  crime  of  fraud.
Art.  17.  Any  person  who  may  consider  himself  lawfully  inter-
ested, has  the  right  to  solicit  the  nullity  or  cessation  of  a  patent ;
in  which  case  the  fiscal  will  intervene,  and  should  the  patent  be
declared  null  and  void,  whatever  may  be  the  cause,  he  will  give
due  notice  through  the  proper  person,  to  the  respective  office.
Art.  18.  Every  infringement  on  the  right  of  a  patent,  be  it  for
the  manufacture  of  products,  or  the  employment  of  means  em-
braced in  the  patent,  constitutes  the  crime  of  fraud  ;  and  will  be
prosecuted  according  to  thegravityof  the  case,  with  a  fine  in  favor
of  the  party  interested,  and  the  confiscation  of  the  industry  or
manufacture  falsified.
