degree  partly  through  himself,  and  partly  through  his  equally-
powerful  immediate  successor.  The  means,  however,  of  whicb
Gregory  VII.  and  his  successor  made  use,  for  the  most  part,
belonged,  truly,  to  the  most  exceptionable  that  could  be  well
imagined.  One  has  only  to  bring  to  remembrance  the  colossal'
falsification  of  the  Isidorian  canonry,  whicb  then,  by  the-
order  of  the  Roman  See,  was  effected  by  Anselm  of  Lucia,.
Gregory  of  Pavia  and  others.  One  has  only  to  call  to  mind
the  famous  donation  of  Constantine  the  Great,  owing  to  the-
purely  fictitious  cure  of  the  said  Emperor  from  leprosy,  and  his-
baptism  by  Bishop  Sylvester.  One  has  but  to  remember  the-
decree  of  Gratian,  devised  in  Bologna,  upon  which,  during  many
centuries  (until  the  fraud  was  discovered)  the  whole  Papaf
canon  law  depended.  One  has  but  to  call  to  recollection  the-
unmarried  state  of  the  clergy  (celibacy),  which  was  only  made
law  in  order  that  the  Pope  might  gain  over  a  whole  army  of
cowl-bearers  without  fatherland.  One  has  but  to  consider  the
formidable  masses  of  begging  monks,  who  inundated  the  whole-
of  Europe,  fighting  for  the  absolute  dominion  of  the  Papacy,
Lastly,  the  Inquisition  must  be  had  in  memory  which  consigned"
to  an  earthly  hell  everyone  who  doubted  about  an  absolute
Pope.
It  does  not  belong  to  us  here  to  bring  to  light  the  details  of  all
this,  which  appertains  rather  to  the  history  of  Popery,  and  I
must  content  myself  by  affirming  that,  through  Gregory  VII.
