Campbell tried to make this phrase refer to the bystanders. He
constructed the sentence this way, "and all who heard Him were
astonished, but they who saw Him were amazed at His under-
standing and His answers." * He admits that the text is sus-
ceptible of the common interpretation, and indeed his view has
had very few followers. It would require a gratuitous transposi-
tion of the text, and the construction of the sentences beginning
with the verb i^laxavzo gives the impression that the phrase
which it covers is, as it were, parenthetical, after which Luke

' It is also the view of most scholars. Cremer (Biblisch. Theol. W5rterbuch de
ntl. Graeitat., 501). Preuschen (VoUstUndiges Handworterbuch zu den Schriften
des n. T., 1069). Vincent (Word Studies, I. 278). Edersheim (The Life and
Times of J. (new edit.) 1,247, and note). Can- (Gospel St. Luke, 44).
' The Four Gospels, ad loc.. p. 116.
124 THE BOYHOOD CONSCIOUSNESS OF CHRIST

continued his narrative, xal f86vi;£S, referring back to the subject
of eDpov (vs. 46) which was mentioned in vs. 43, oi yovsiq.
Now, there are two different verbs used: i^iazxvco to express
the emotions of all who heard the Boy Jesus, at His understand-
ing and His answers, and i^stcldfriaoiv, to describe the feelings of
the parents coming on the scene. We shall have to investigate
the usages of these words in the New Testament before we can
decide what are their exact meanings or whether they are syn-
onymous. By having a correct idea concerning the signification
of these words, we shall be able to form a correct idea of the un-
derstanding and the answers of the Boy Jesus.
First as to i^iaxavto which is used of all those hearing Him.
