When  we  investigate  other  forms  of  the  facial  angle,
more  especially  those  which  show  the  projection  of
the  upper  part  of  the  jaw  in  relation  to  the  forehead,
it  is  usually  found  that  women  are,  if  anything,  less
prognathous  than  men.  These  are,  however,  less
characteristic  and  important  varieties  of  the  facial
angle.  It  is  possible  to  estimate  the  total  prog-
nathism of  the  face  by  taking  the  profile  as  a
whole,  with  the  inclusion  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  to
measure  the  projection  of  the  angle  where  the
teeth  meet.  This  is  measured  by  Camper's  maxillary
angle  (quite  distinct  from  Camper's  facial  angle),
which  takes  as  its  apex  the  junction  of  the  teeth,
while  the  base  is  at  the  forehead  and  at  the  point  of
the  chin.  Topinard  attaches  great  importance  to  this
angle,  almost  as  much  importance  indeed  as  to  the

1  P-.  Topinard,  "  Du  Prognathistne,''  Revue  d'Anth.,  1872,  p.  628;
and  1873,  pp.  71  and  251;  Manouvrier,  V Annie  Psych.,  Sthyear,  1S99,
p.  582.
92  MAN    AND   WOMAN.
mass  of  the  brain  or  to  the  biped  attitude,  because  it
enables  us  to  arrange  many  zoological  species  in  their
order  of  morphological  evolution,  as  well  as  to  classify
the  individuals  within  a  species.  The  larger  the
maxillary  angle  the  higher  the  degree  of  evolution.
It  is  found  that  in  women,  both  among  the  higher
and  the  lower  races,  the  maxillary  angle  is  always
markedly  smaller  than  in  men.  The  angle  formed,
therefore,  by  the  whole  face,  supports  the  conclusion
reached  by  the  investigation  of  the  alveolar  region
of  the  upper  jaw,  that  women  are  somewhat  more
prognathous  than  men.
