'* After the first revolution, March, 191 7, a Hetman
was established by the vote of certain reactionary
landowners, and was maintained by German troops
in the face of all attacks. Now that the Ger-
mans are no longer mixed in the fight, renewed
excesses have broken out, the revolt against the
Hetman provoking a civil war between his troops
and Petlura*s. The latter has with great au-
dacity established a Bolshevik republic. Petlura
is admittedly a partisan (though insisting on inde-



THE UKRAINIAN MOVEMENT £01

pendent authority) of the northern Bolsheviki, and
this is why the latter are at present moving toward
Kharkoff. If the two armies shotild succeed in
fusing at this point, we shall see a new disaster
threatening all the south of Russia. The railroad's
administration furnishes us with the information
that an invasion of the Ukraine by Moscow's red
armies is inevitable, and that in a few days Khar-
koff will be in their hands. The few German troops
left in the Ukraine will offer no resistance, of course,
nor protection in this movement, neither would the
remnants of the Hetman's nationalists be of the
least support to any good elements among the local
authorities, who might try to preserve law and order.
