The  fact  is  indubitable  that  Washington  and  Madison
were  in  perfect  accord  with  regard  to  the  constitutionality
and  necessity  of  protection  to  manufactures.  They  were,
in  many  respects,  alike  —  especially  in  that  deliberateness
of  purpose  and  clearness  of  judgment  which,  being  every-


56  HISTORY    OF    THE    PROTECTIVE    TARIFF,

where  recognized,  gave  so  much  weight  and  influence  to
their  opinions.  Their  minds  were  not  unlike  in  many
respects,  and  although  differently  developed  by  circum-
stances, they  were  equally  intent  in  making  the  welfare  of
the  nation  their  chief  and  dominant  aspiration.  Especially
did  this  purpose  influence  both  of  them  during  these  early
years,  when  they  closely  and  intimately  united  in  the  great
work  of  giving  vitality  and  vigor  to  the  Government.  It
will  be,  an  evil  hour  for  the  country  when  we  shall  be  per-
suaded to  regard  their  paternal  admonitions  in  any  other
spirit  than  that  of  filial  reverence.  The  experience  of  out-
history  attests  this.
CHAPTER  V.
FIRST  ACT  OF  CONGRESS  FOR  BOTH  REVENUE  AND  PROTECTION
—  OPPOSED  BY  THOSE  OPPOSED  TO  THE  GOVERNMENT  — PRO-
TECTION DEFENDED  BY  ABLEST  MEN  IN  CONGRESS  — ITS  CON-
STITUTIONALITY UNDOUBTED  —  TARIFF  OF  1789  PASSED  —
APPROVED  BY  WASHINGTON  — UNIVERSALLY  CELEBRATED.
TN  view  of  the  fact  that  the  motion  of   Mr.  Fitzimons

directly  involved  an  increase  of  duties  over  and  above

the  revenue  standard  fixed  by  Mr.  Madison  in  his  original

bill,  and  his  express  avowal  that  it  was  his  object  thereby

to  foster  and  protect  manufactures,  its  great  significance

will  be  perceived.     The  discussion  and  final  adoption  of  it

also  become  important.
