The light artillery, 3-, 4-, and 6-pounders, with an effective
range of 1,500 yards, were allottel by pairs to the battalions,
and the heavy 8-, 12-, and 24-pounders with howitzers were
united in large batteries and employed in the line of battle
at suitable places. In the attacli, after a short period of
preparatory fire, the heavy guns were brought up to case-
shot range, about 500 yards, and the battalion guns sought
to get in to 200 or 300 yards before opening fire, and were
dragged up by hand, and in advance of the battalion inter-
vals till the infantry firing began. In defense, the guns were
placed somewhat in advance of the infantry line and on its
llanks, and where possible the heavy guns were grouped to-
gether in positions from which they could bring a fire to
bear on the advancing enemy's flank, and when time per-
mitted they were protected by earthworks and obstacles.
The position of the three arms relatively to one another
was laid down in the "Order of Battle," a document which
had to be specially prepared for each campaign or minor
undertaking. The desire to develop to the utmost possible
pitch the firepower of the infantry had led to the diminu-



74 Cavalry vs. Infantry.
tion of depth with extreme extension of front, the first being
made as strong as possible at the expense of the second, and
the third line was very rarely seen at all. The cavalry were
placed on the flanks, both to protect these and also to secure
a free field of action. The artiller-y found no place in the
formal order of battle, but, as above mentioned, orders had
to be issued for its employment on each special occasion.
