label, 175; first label, 176; local
unions not permitted^ to issue,
177; results of, 177; significance
of, 176

Union shop, 112; justice of, 114;
rests on freedom of contract,

113

Union shop agreements, legality
of, 108, 112

Union shop contracts, 210

United Mine Workers of Amer-
ica, 103, 104

United States, the, 54

United States Commission on In-
dustrial Relations, 268, 281, 298,
299; report on efficiency, 298,
299

United States Steel Corporation,
231, 292



320



INDEX



United States Supreme Court,

253, 257
University of Wisconsin, 298
Unskilled workers, 161 ; increase
of by introduction of labor sav-
ing machinery, 161 ; organiza-
tion of by A. F. of L., 164, 165 ;
organization of by I. W. W.,
165; predominance of alien
workers among, 163



Valentine, Robert G., 208
Van Cleave, W., 52
Violence, 21, 23, 219-232; oppo-
sition of trade unions to, 221
Vocational rehabilitation, 154

W

Wage-earners, 30, 31

Wage reductions, 62, 63, 66, 67,
68-73, 76; wage scale, sliding,
59, 60; wage system, 291
/ages, 58-79; and circulation of
money, 71; and prices, 64, 65,
78; control of by collective bar-



Wai



gaining, 74, 75; determination
of^ 66, 67; high wages, 78; in-
creased wages and prices, 78 ; in-
fluence of trade unions, 74; iron
law of, 72; limit to, 66, 74; low
wages, 105; store order wages,
61, 62; time wages, 56
Wages fund, 72, 73, 74, 75
Walking delegates, 10, 11
Welfare work, employers', 55
Western Labor Union, 33
Westinghouse Company, 55
Wilson, William B., 250, 251
Wilson, Woodrow, 200, 211, 257
Woll, Matthew, 309
Women in industry, 118, 120, 127,
129; effect on wages, 123; trade
union organization of, 130, 132
Women workers, registration of,

131
Women Workers' Union, 263
Workingmen, comparative pro-
tection of in Europe and (he
United States, 54
Workmen's compensation for in-
dustrial accidents, 135 ; effect of
litigation on net compensation,

137
World war (1914-1918), 257.
