Art.  420.  Every  publication  of  writings,  musical  compositions,  draw-
ings, paintings  or  of  any  other  publication,  printed  and  engraved,  in
whole  or  in  part,  in  violation  of  the  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the
property  of  authors  is  an  infringement  and  every  infringement  is  a  mis-
demeanor (delit).
Art.  426.  The  sale  of  piratical  works  and  the  introduction  into  French
territory  of  works  which  after  having  been  printed  in  France,  have  been
illegally  copied  abroad  are  crimes  of  the  same  kind.
Art.  427.  The  punishment  of  the  manufacturer  of  the  infringement
or  introducer  shall  be  a  fine  not  less  than  100  francs  nor  more  than  2000
francs  and  of  the  seller  a  fine  not  less  than  25  nor  more  than  500  francs.
Confiscation  of  the  piratical  edition  shall  be  decreed  as  well  against
the  manufacturer  as  against  the  introducer  or  seller.
FBENCH  OOPYEIGHT  789


The  plates,  models  or  matrices  of  the  piratical  objects  shall  also  be
confiscated.
Art.  428.  Every  director,  or  theatrical  manager  and  every  company
of  artists  which  shall  perform  in  his  or  its  theatre,  dramatic  works  in
violation  of  the  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  property  of  authors
shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  50  nor  more  than  500  francs
and  by  confiscation  of  the  gross  receipts.
Art.  429.  In  cases  covered  by  the  four  preceding  Articles,  the  product
of  confiscations  or  the  confiscated  receipts  shall  be  turned  over  to  the
proprietor  to  compensate  him,  to  that  extent,  for  the  wrong  which  he  has
suffered  or  the  entire  indemnity,  if  there  has  been  neither  sale  of  con-
fiscated objects  nor  seizure  of  receipts,  shall  be  i*egulated  in  the  usual
method.
