This writer also held that ' ' Boys who sing alto
always use the chest register." He was of opin-
ion that " The quality of the voice generally, but
not always, indicates which mechanism is being
used."

The views of the author, published at a former
period, and based on the special examination of a
large number of persons with the laryngoscope,
etc., and on auto-laryngoscopy, may be briefly
stated as follows :

A nomenclature for the registers involving no
theory would be best, such, for example, as lower,
middle, and upper registers. Mandl, who recog-
nized only two registers, spoke of them as
" lower " and " upper," equivalent to " chest "
and " head," as commonly used.
THE SINGING VOICE 159

The author examined with the laryngoscope 50
persons, who might (with Griitzner) be divided
into " trained singers," " natural singers," and
" non-singers." The whole glottis was found to
be open in all voices in the lowest tones of the
chest register, and this condition obtained up to
about 1 / J ^ 1 J beyond which another mech-



anism J came into play, except in rare

cases.
The high falsetto of men and the head voice of
women are produced by a similar mechanism and
method.
In the investigation of registers more attention
should be given to the use of the breathing organs
than has hitherto been done by those writing on
this subject.
