THE  MILITARY  AND   WAR  POWERS.  281

letter  of  tho  organic  law.  In  the  first  place,  may  be  mentioned
the  provisions  which  secure  the  faithful  performance  of  ofBciai
duties,  which  impose  penalties,  greater  or  less  in  extent,  upon
acts  of  misconduct  in  ofiice,  embezzlements,  and  frauds  of
officers,  and  the  Hke.  In  every  department  of  the  civil  service,
the  public  officers  are  restrained  by  criminal  legislation.  The
power  to  regulate  commerce,  and  the  power  to  lay  and  collect
taxes  require  penalties  of  fine  and  imprisonment  at  every  step.
If  bonds  are  demanded  from  an  importer,  the  forging  such
instruments  must  be  declared  a  crime  and  properly  punished.
If  oaths  are  required  in  any  proceeding,  false  swearing  must
be  prevented  by  a  suitable  sanction.  The  internal  revenue
law  now  in  operation  describes  more  than  twenty-five  different
acts  which  are  made  criminal,  and  to  which  a  punishment  by
fine  or  imprisonment  is  affixed.  The  establishment  of  post-
offices  and  post-roads  involves  legislation  respecting  the  crimes
of  robbing  or  obstructing  the  mail.  The  system  of  national
banks  is  guarded  by  numerous  statutory  provisions  which  tend
to  preserve  the  integrity  of  the  currency  by  punishing  counter-
feiters, and  the  good  faith  of  bank  officers,  by  punishing  their
frauds,  embezzlements,  and  misapplications  of  money.  Ex-
amples and  illustrations  might  be  multiplied ;  but  these  are
enough  to  show  that  the  power  of  Congress  is  amply  sufficient
to  meet  any  emergency ;  that  it  may  wield  all  the  sanctions
•equired  to  procure  the  observance  of  its  laws.
SECTION  X.
THE   MILITARY   AND    WAR   POWERS.
