11. Loss of human life in war and as a result of war : influence
upon population (birth-rate, relation between the sexes, ratio of the
various ages, sanitary conditions).
12. The influence of war and of the possibility of war upon the
protective policy, upon banking conditions (especially upon banks
of issue), and upon monetary systems.
13. The influence of annexation upon the economic hf e of the
annexing States, and upon the State whose territory has been annexed.
14. The annexation of half-civilized or uncivilized peoples, con-
sidered especially from the point of view of the economic interests,
which act as motive powers ; the methods through which private
enterprises take root in such regions and through which they bring
influence to bear upon their own governments ; the effects of such
annexations upon the development of trade with the annexing State
and with other countries, as weU as upon the economic and social
life of the natives.
15. The progressive exemption of commercial and industrial
activities from losses and interferences through war.
16. Influence of the open-door poHcy upon war and peace.
GENERAL APPENDIX



Report of the Second Commission

ARMAMENTS IN TIME OF PEACE, MILITARY AND NAVAl ESTABUSH-
MENTS. THE THEORY, PRACTICE, AND HISTORY OF MODERN
ARMAMENTS.
1. Definition. Armaments might be described as ' the preparations
made by a State either for defence or for attack '. These would
include the provision of food, financial preparations, and also semi-
military railways, canals, docks, &c.
2. Causes of armaments. Motives for increasing or commencing
them, distinguishing the great from the small powers.
3. Rivalry and competition in armaments. Motives and conse-
quences of rivalry, with the possibiUties of hmitation.
4. Modern history of armaments, with special fullness from 1872.
