As regards a moral sense, and all that we are
accustomed to think the highest attributes of humanity,
it is clear that his mind would be a blank. Even at a
much more advanced stage, such ideas evidently come
from education, and are not the results either of in-
herited instinct or of supernatural gift. An English
child kidnapped at an early age by Apache Indians or
head-hunting Dyaks, would, to a certainty, consider
murder one of the fine arts, and the slaughter of an
inofiensive stranger, especially if accomplished with a
treachery that made the exploit one of little risk, an
achievement of the highest manhood. If brought up
among Mahometans he would consider polygamy, if
among the Todas polyandry, as the natural and proper
relation of the sexes. All that can be said is, that if
recaptured and brought back to civilised society, he
would perhaps be assisted by heredity in adopting its
ideas more readily than would be the case if he had
been born a savage.
It is clear, therefore, that the history of the indi-
vidual man tells the same story of evolution from

N 2



180 MODEKN SCIENCE AND MODERN THOUGHT.
low beginnings as is told by that of the human race
as traced from Palaeolithic, through Neolithic, into
modern times. His law is progress, worked out
by conscious effort called forth by the environment
of outward circumstances, and accelerated from time
to time by the successful efforts of a few superior men,
whose greater sum of energy or happier organisation
for development, enables them to pioneer new paths
through the vast unexplored forests of science, art,
and morality.
