A  large  tree  of  the  first  economic  value,  24  to  30  or,  exceptionally,  39  to  45  meters  in  height  [Bidgway),  with
a  trunk  0.90  to  1.20  meter  in  diameter;  rich  hillsides  and  sandy  ridges;  common  and  reaching  its  greatest
development  west  of  the  Alleghany  mountains;  varying  greatly  in  the  size  and  shape  of  the  fruit.  A  form  with
small,  thin-shelled  nuts  (0.  mierocarpa,  Nuttall  I.  c.)  is  not  rare  from  Delaware  southward,  and  in  Michigan.
Wood  heavy,  very  hard  and  strong,  tough,  close-grained,  compact,  flexible;  layers  of  annual  growth  clearly
marked  with  one  to  three  rows  of  large  open  ducts;  medullary  rays  numerous,  thin;  color,  brown,  the  thin  and
more  valuable  sap-wood  nearly  white;  specific  gravity,  0.8372;  ash,  0.73;  largely  used  in  the  manufacture  of
agricultural  implements,  carriages,  ax  handles,  baskets,  etc.
The  sweet  and  edible  nuts  afford  an  important  article  of  commerce.
243. — Carya  sulcata,  Nuttall,

Genera,  ii,  2gl.— Elliott,  Sk.  ii,  624.— Sprengel,  Syst.  ii,  849.— Torrey,  Compend.  Fl.  N.  States,  357.— Beck,  Bot.  336.— Eaton,  Manual,
6  ed.  83.— Spaeh,  Hist.  Veg.  il,  174.— Penn.  Cycl.  vi,  332.— Loudon,  Arboretum,  iii,  1448,  f.  1271.— Eaton  &  Wright,  Bot.  183.—
Darby,  Bot.  S.  States,  513. — Cooper  in  Smithsonian  Eep.  1858,  255. — Chapman,  Fl.  S.  States,  418. — Curtis  in  Eep.  Geological  Surv,
N.  Carolina,  1860,  iii,  43.— Lesquereux  in  Owen's  2d  Eep.  Arkansas,  387.— Wood,  CI.  Book,  641 ;  Bot.  &  Fl.  304.— C.  De  CandoUo
in  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  4  ser.  xviii,  36,  t.  5,  f.  51,  52 ;  Prodr.  xvi%  143. — Gray,  Manual  N.  States,  5  ed.  449. — ^Young,  Bot.  Texas,  499. —
Vasey,  Cat.  Forest  Trees,  24.— Eidgway  in  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.  1882,  78.
