This distribution being made, the next problem is
what sort of body is the federal government to be, that
body to which the separate sovereignties agree to
surrender powers, so important and so valued as the
conduct of foreign affairs, and how are the various con^
tracting states to participate fairly and equitably in the
federal union ? This is accomplished by making the
federal government a representative body, the various



56 ESSAYS IX POLITICS.
elements of which are contributed by the different
states. The details vary in each particular case. In
the United States the Federal Grovernment is divided
very distinctly into three separate authorities — the
executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The execu-
tive power is invested in the President, who is elected
by popularly elected " electors " in each State. The
legislative power is vested in the Congress, which con-
sists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
