The second was the Nanking incident. During the
fighting at that city the troops of General Chang-hsun
killed three Japanese, one a barber. The records seem to
show that barbers have played the same role in Japan's
dealings with China as missionaries have in European
dealings. "Dead barber" spells "concession" exactly
as did " dead missionary." The facts of the case were
that the Japanese Consul ordered his nationals into the
consulate for protection. These three men left the
consulate against orders, and were shot in the course of the
street fighting. An immense uproar broke out in Japan,
fostered by the military authorities. Japan demanded
an enormous indemnity and a personal apology by Chang-
hsun and his dismissal. The latter for a long time refused
to apologize, because he had no general's uniform decent
enough for such an occasion. Eventually he agreed to
call on the consul. On the day appointed he called, but
adroitly saved his face by calling on every foreign consul,
in Nanking, an action Mr. Funoshi, the Japanese Consul,
described as " treachery." As for his dismissal, that was



THE SECOND REVOLUTION IN CHINA 93

never finally settled. The indemnity of ¥200,000 was, of
course, absurd, but its demand was in entire keeping with
the Japanese policy of milking China. ^

The third incident was at Changli, where Japanese troops
committed an unprovoked assault on Chinese and, as the
latter ran away, fired on them, killing five. Japan at
first claimed on China, alleging that the Chinese, who were
unarmed, had assaulted the Japanese soldiers. In the
end Japan agreed to pay some money " as alms " to the
relations of those killed.
