Copies of any records made by a public officer are sometimes
called " office copies," or " certified copies." Gragg v. Learned, 109
Mass. 167 ; Samuels v. Borrowscale, 104 Mass. 207.
Aeticle 78.*

copies equivalent to exemplifications.
A copy made by an officer of the Court, who is authorised
to make it by a rule of Court, but not required by law to
make it, is regarded as equivalent to an exemplification in
the same Cause and Court, but in other Causes or Courts it
is not admissible unless it can be proved as an examined

copy.
AMERICAN NOTE.
General.
Authorities. — 1 Wharton on Evidence, sees. 104, 105 ; 1 Greenleaf
on Evidence (15th ed.), see. 507.
Article 79.
cektified copies.
It is provided by many statutes that various certificates,
official and public documents, documents and proceedings
of corporations, and of joint stock and other companies, and
certified copies of documents, bye-laws, entries in registers

* See Note XXXI.
228 4 DIGEST OF [Paet II.
