tund-ere), tump (Sans, tump-ati, he strikes), hibh and
toih (Sans, tuhh-nati, tobh-ate) ; tuj, to strike, to ex-
cite ; tur, to wound ; tuh, to afflict ; turv, to conquer ;
we shall be led to connect all these variants with a
primitive tu. So with ruk, ruksh, rut, rud, rub, ruth,
clearness, colour. As for the tertiary roots, they result
for the most part from very ancient agglutinations.
Ghav^e, I think, was the first to propose the group-
ing together of the roots which are related to each other;
thus he constituted the families to blow, to make a
noise, to shine, to burn, to strike, to measure, &c.
The idea is valuable, and has been more or less accepted
by all philologists. M. Paul Regnaud has followed it up
with great ability, with the awowed intention of tracing
back all roots to a single vague cry, from which ail
are issued. This appears to me to force the theory
too much, like Darwin's tendency to trace the whole
living world back to a single cell of protoplasm. We
have here a touch of monogenistic atavism. The
theory of evolution accords perfectly with a great
number of primary germs and a cerLain original variety



272 The Indo-European Organism.
