2 See article A. A. A., vol. xxiv, pp. 300 ff.
' Census Occupations, p. cxxzii.
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CHART IX

UTILIZATION OF PLANTS AND AVERAGE ANNUAL EARNINGS
OF ALL EMPLOYEES IN WOOLEN MANUFACTURES, MASSA-
CHUSETTS

Solid line represents the per cent of the productive capacity of all manufacturing plants

actually utilized.
Dotted line represents average annual money wages of all employees.
18951898 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 laOSgtaOS 19071908



$460



S450'



$410



$430



S420




$410



S400



$390



$380



$370



$360



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62 THE STANDARD OF LIVING

15,963,965 private families.^ As there are only 13,150,671
married men at work, 2,813,294 of these private famiUes —
18 per cent of them — could not possibly have been sup-
ported by their natural heads. There was an average of
1.82 bread-winners to the family whose mean size was 4.6.
