In  the  summer  of  1859,  the  Franco-Italian  war  against
Austria  began — the  reader  doubtless  remembers  the  famous
New  Year's  speech  which  Napoleon  III.  made  to  the  Austrian
Ambassador,  Von  Hiibner — without  the  Roman  Curie  being
able  to  prevent  it ;  and  as,  in  consequence  of  the  same,  the
Austrians  withdrew  from  the  Papal  provinces  occupied  by  them  in
June  (on  June  13th  from  Bologna),  those  pro^vinces  rose  in
a  body  in  order  that  they  might  be  included  in  the  new  king-
dom of  Italy.     There  could  be  no  wonder  about  this,  as  there


DEVELOPMENT   OP   CATHOLICISM   INTO   JESUITISM.      731

did  not  exist,  perhaps,  at  that  time,  a  worse-governed  kingdom
in  the  whole  world  than  the  States  of  the  Church,  and  the  sub-
jects of  the  Pope  would  on  that  account  long  before  have  shaken
off  the  yoke,  had  they  not  been  restrained  by  force,  partly  as
regards  the  Austrians  (in  the  Eomagna),  partly  by  the  French
in  Rome  and  its  neighbourhood,  and,  again,  partly  by  means  of
the  mercenary  troops  in  the  remaining  States  of  the  Church.
Well,  then,  the  Austrians  withdrew  from  Romagna,  and  the
very  next  day,  as  has  been  mentioned,  the  populace  rose.
In  vain  did  the  mercenary  Papal  troops  fight  against  them,  and
the  most  cruel  atrocities  occur  in  Perugia.  In  vain  did  the
Pope  issue  one  allocution  after  another,  wherein  he  testified
that  the  possession  of  the  Pope's  temporal  power  was  a  neces-
;sity  for  him,  and  consequently  that  the  annexation  of  Romagna
rto  the  kingdom  of  Italy  must  be  punished  as  a  robbery  of  the
Church.  The  Romagnians  had  no  desire  to  return  under  the
scourging  rod  of  the  Holy  Father,  and  none  of  the  foreign
Powers  were  at  all  disposed  to  proceed  by  force  against  them.
