What is an arbitration between two companies...?
<p>I was involved in an accident and now my insurance and the other persons insurance couldn't come to an agreement as to who is at fault. I called the other person's insurance (Geico) and they're telling me that is an arbitration with my insurance and could take 3-4 months! What does this mean? </p>

<p>The companies agree to resolve the dispute with a neutral arbitrator.  This is similar to a court action, but instead of a judge or panel of judges, there is an arbitrator or panel of arbitrators.  The two parties to the dispute must agree to this in advance.</p>

<p>For  more information, you can consult the rather thorough Wikipedia article on the subject: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitration" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitration</a></p>

<p>Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution. <em>Alternative</em> means outside of court.</p>

<p>There are two primary methods of alternative dispute resolution: <strong><em>arbitration</em></strong> and <strong><em>mediation</em></strong>. It is instructive to understand the differences between the two.</p>

<p><strong>Arbitration</strong> is <em>result</em> oriented.</p>

<p>The salient feature of arbitration is that the two parties submit their resolution proposals and a third party (the <strong><em>arbitrator</em></strong>) picks the one s/he considers most fair. This gives both parties incentive to submit fair proposals. If the rules were, say, to split the difference, the parties would have the opposite incentive. To take the most extreme position in order to influence the outcome more toward their side. So the rules of arbitration are designed to facilitate fair (or middleground) proposals by the parties.</p>

<p><strong>Mediation</strong> is <em>process</em> oriented.</p>

<p>By contrast, mediation is a method by which the parties engage with a third party (the <strong><em>mediator</em></strong>) who acts as an interlocutor to help the parties negotiate a settlement. Often times, it is helpful for the mediator to also serve as an arbitrator in the event the parties can not reach an agreement. The threat of arbitration gives the parties incentive to negotiate in <em>good faith</em>. And it gives the mediator extra influence over the parties during the negotiation process to help them reach agreement.</p>

<p>Alternative dispute resolution is becoming increasingly common because it is timely, effective and cost-efficient relative to judicial proceedings. Each method has its unique set of advantages and disadvantages. Each can be used alone but they are often most effective when used together — mediation followed by arbitration if mediation fails.</p>

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