What is the status of mutual combat in the USA?
<p>Curious because I see posted sometimes (on various sites, as a 'fun fact') that there exist jurisdictions (e.g. Seattle, WA) where if both parties agree beforehand to 'mutual combat' then neither party can be tried for battery. </p>

<p>To what extent is this true, and how applicable is to the whole of the USA? Does it cover both civil and criminal actions or just one or anothor</p>

<p>An example of where this is not allowed is Seattle, WA. Municipal code <a href="https://www.municode.com/library/wa/seattle/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT12ACRCO_SUBTITLE_ICRCO_CH12A.06OFAGPE_12A.06.025FI" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SMC 12A.06.025</a> states </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>It is unlawful for any person to intentionally fight with another
  person in a public place and thereby create a substantial risk of:</p>
  
  <ol>
  <li><p>Injury to a person who is not actively participating in the fight; or</p></li>
  <li><p>Damage to the property of a person who is not actively participating in the fight.</p></li>
  </ol>
  
  <p>B. In any prosecution under subsection A of this Section 12A.06.025,
  it is an affirmative defense that:</p>
  
  <ol>
  <li><p>The fight was duly licensed or authorized by law; or</p></li>
  <li><p>The person was acting in self-defense.</p></li>
  </ol>
</blockquote>

<p>You can see from adjacent sections that "mutual combat" is not legal. I recognize that there is this meme about Seattle, but this is a distortion of an incident when the police turned a blind eye to a fight. We have police issues, no doubt: there is nothing legal about such fights. Of course, for a licensed event, you can "fight".</p>

<p>Of course the potential legality depends on how mutual combat is defined. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2786068849237380063&amp;q=821%20ne%202d%20664&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2006" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Illinois v. Austin 133 Ill.2d 118</a> and citations therein, subsequently <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4496791203328461923&amp;q=821%20ne%202d%20664&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2,5" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Illinois v. Thompson, 821 NE 2d 664</a> define it thus:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Mutual combat is a fight or struggle which both parties enter
  willingly or where two persons, upon a sudden quarrel and in hot
  blood, mutually fight upon equal terms and where death results from
  the combat.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Similar death-definitions are found in <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3101307621684468213&amp;q=289%20se%202d%20242&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2,5" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Donaldson v. State, 289 SE 2d 242</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=18081754492569469255&amp;q=779%20nw%202d%20770&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2,5" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Iowa v. Spates, 779 NW 2d 770</a>. The law looks askance of such behavior. For the sake of clarity, a term other than "mutual combat" would be preferable.</p>

<blockquote>
<h3>12A.06.025 - Fighting.</h3>
<p>A. It is unlawful for any person to intentionally fight with another person in a public place and thereby create a substantial risk of:</p>
<ol>
<li>Injury to a person who is not actively participating in the fight;</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>DISCLAIMER: I'm not a lawyer. I don't have a law degree. I don't live in any of the above mentioned places.</p>
<p>With that being said, I feel like there's some kind of purposeful loophole in bullet number 1 above. It doesn't say it's unlawful to fight someone, it says it's unlawful to fight someone who isn't actively participating in the fight. What if the two are actively participating in the fight? That sounds like a pretty fair definition of &quot;mutual combat&quot; to me. However, this is only one section of the penal code so there may be another that adds to this somewhere. If that's the case, maybe this particular penal code wasn't such a good reference. Not knocking the person who posted it, however, because they seem to know what they're talking about. I'm just throwing in my opinion with no prior knowledge.</p>

united-states criminal-law battery