Making public/open-source datasets from royalty-free image sources
<p>I am working on a small face-related dataset that will be publicly available for open research. I have looked into many copyright-free image sources like <a href="https://pikwizard.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://pikwizard.com/</a> and <a href="https://www.pexels.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.pexels.com/</a></p>
<p>pexels is kind of clear about their policies. <a href="https://www.pexels.com/license/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.pexels.com/license/</a></p>
<p><strong>What is allowed?</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>All photos and videos on Pexels are free to use.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Attribution is not required. Giving credit to the photographer or Pexels is not necessary but always appreciated.</p>
</li>
<li><p>You can modify the photos and videos from Pexels. Be creative and edit them as you like.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>What is not allowed?</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>Identifiable people may not appear in a bad light or in a way that is offensive.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Don't sell unaltered copies of a photo or video, e.g. as a poster, print or on a physical product without modifying it first.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Don't imply endorsement of your product by people or brands on the imagery.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Don't redistribute or sell the photos and videos on other stock photo or wallpaper platforms.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>From these statements, it seems there won't be any copyright issues or violations if I simply use the face images for research without any major alteration.</p>
<p>It seems pikwizard claims to be &quot;Royalty-free and safe for commercial use, with no attribution required&quot;. But their policy page is pretty complicated.</p>
<p>Is it possible to use images from pexels, pikwizard, and other similar websites to make a public, open-source dataset without any legal issues?</p>
<p><strong>Update:</strong></p>
<p>This part is confusing. I see there are face datasets from platforms like youtube (which I guess has a stricter license), but still, there are datasets like: <a href="https://www.cs.tau.ac.il/%7Ewolf/ytfaces/index.html#contact" rel="nofollow noreferrer">cs.tau.ac.il/~wolf/ytfaces/index.html#overview</a> I wonder if someone uploads the image which he/she doesn't own (breaking the copyright law in the first place), and I mention the source of the image on the dataset, am I still liable to break the copyright law? How these platforms are saved then in that case? Anyone can sue youtube, pexels, pikwizard for hosting their images, right? In short, is there a source I can use for public data?</p>

<h2>Not necessarily</h2>
<p>If:</p>
<ol>
<li>the licence says what you think it says, and</li>
<li>you comply with the licence,</li>
<li>the image has been uploaded with the permission of the copyright holder, and</li>
<li>the images are not the type that requires the consent of the subjects (e.g. they are not sexual, were not taken where the subject has an expectation of privacy, are not subject to a modelling agreement that prohibits redistribution etc.)</li>
</ol>
<p>then you should have no legal issues.</p>
<p>The problem with these types of sites is that you have no way of verifying points 3 and 4. If I upload your photo unlawfully, then the site has no rights to it and therefore can't grant rights to anyone else - you can sue anyone who uses it.</p>

copyright open-source-software public-domain data-ownership data-storage