What laws would Jesus be breaking if he were to turn water into wine today?
<p>In the Bible is Jesus’ first miracle: of turning water into wine:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>“On the third day a wedding took place at Cana in Galilee. [...] Nearby stood six stone water jars, the kind used by the Jews for ceremonial washing, each holding from eighty to a hundred and twenty litres. Jesus said to the servants, ‘Fill the jars with water’; so they filled them to the brim. Then he told them, ‘Now draw some out and take it to the master of the banquet.’ They did so, and the master of the banquet tasted the water that had been turned into wine. [...]”</p>
<p>‭‭<a href="https://bible.com/bible/113/jhn.2.1-9.NIVUK" rel="nofollow noreferrer">John‬ ‭2‬:‭1‬-‭9‬ ‭NIVUK‬‬</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Hand-waving the mechanism of transformation, what laws would be violated? I’m assuming alcohol licensing, potentially food certifications + labelling, etc. Assume the same scenario: a guest at a wedding who does not receive compensation for the wine.</p>
<p>Interested in any jurisdiction.</p>

<p>North Carolina, <a href="/questions/tagged/united-states" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;united-states&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;united-states&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-united-states-tooltip-container">united-states</a></p>
<p>The problem is Jesus didn't make wine, he made liquor, which is more heavily regulated.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bychapter/chapter_18b.html" rel="noreferrer">NCGS § 18B-306 (a)</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Authority. - An individual may make, possess, and transport wines and malt beverages for the individual's own use, the use of the individual's family and guests...</p>
</blockquote>
<p>That would appear to make the transformation ok. However, the issue is if you look at the definition for wine, NCGS § 18B-101 (9)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;Unfortified wine&quot; means any wine or alcohol consumable containing sixteen percent (16%) or less alcohol by volume made by fermentation from grapes, fruits, berries, rice, or honey; or by the addition of pure cane, beet, or dextrose sugar; or by the addition of pure brandy from the same type of grape, fruit, berry, rice, or honey that is contained in the base wine and produced in accordance with the regulations of the United States.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Miracle wine isn't wine because the alcohol didn't arise from fermentation, it came from a miracle. Similarly, NCGS § 18B-101 (15) says</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;Malt beverage&quot; means beer, lager, malt liquor, ale, porter, and any other brewed or fermented beverage or alcohol consumable except unfortified or fortified wine as defined by this Chapter, containing at least one-half of one percent (0.5%), and not more than fifteen percent (15%), alcohol by volume.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>and since it wasn't brewed or fermented, it's not a malt beverage either. Therefore, it would be a liquor, as it's an alcohol consumable containing ethyl alcohol. NCGS § 18B-101 (14)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;Spirituous liquor&quot; or &quot;liquor&quot; means distilled spirits or ethyl alcohol, and any alcohol consumable containing distilled spirits or ethyl alcohol, including spirits of wine, whiskey, rum, brandy, gin and all other distilled spirits and mixtures of cordials, liqueur, and premixed cocktails, in closed containers regardless of their dilution.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Thus, Jesus would violate § 18B-307(b)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Unlawful Manufacturing. - Except as provided in G.S. 18B-306, it shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture any alcoholic beverage, except at an establishment with a Brew on Premises permit or a Winemaking on Premises permit, without first obtaining the applicable ABC permit and revenue licenses.</p>
</blockquote>

<h2>None</h2>
<p><a href="/questions/tagged/new-south-wales" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;new-south-wales&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;new-south-wales&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-new-south-wales-tooltip-container">new-south-wales</a></p>
<p>Anyone can make wine for personal use (which includes giving it to friends).</p>
<p>Food handling and labelling laws are only applicable if the wine is going to be sold.</p>
<p>Assuming the wedding was being held on unlicensed premises and the wine was not being sold, licensing laws are N/A. It is illegal to serve alcohol to children except with the permission of their parent/guardian.</p>
<p>If the premises are licensed then the “servants” would need to hold current Responsible Service of Alcohol qualifications and serve in accordance with the rules (no wine to intoxicated people, children etc.) and the licensee or their delegate would need to be on site.</p>

<p><a href="/questions/tagged/england-and-wales" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;england-and-wales&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;england-and-wales&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-england-and-wales-tooltip-container">england-and-wales</a></p>
<p>Making several barrels of home-made wine for consumption at a friend's wedding (without payment) would be perfectly legal in the UK. No licence would be required, nor would Jesus have to pay any Duty on the wine produced.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>The Wine and Made-wine Regulations 1989</strong></p>
<p>These Regulations apply to wine and made-wine produced in the United Kingdom <strong>for sale.</strong></p>
<p><sub><sup>https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1989/1356/made</sub></sup></p>
</blockquote>
<hr />
<p>In the event that Jesus attempted to <em>sell</em> said wine to his friend, at that point he'd be breaking a host of laws on <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/wine-duty" rel="noreferrer">Excise Duty</a>, <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/wine-duty#who-needs-a-licence-to-produce-wine" rel="noreferrer">licencing as a vintner or winemaker</a>, <a href="https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/wine-labelling" rel="noreferrer">wine labelling</a>, <a href="https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/food-hygiene-for-your-business" rel="noreferrer">food hygiene standards</a>, etc etc.</p>

<p><a href="/questions/tagged/washington" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;washington&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;washington&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-washington-tooltip-container">washington</a></p>
<p>Assuming <em>ad arguendo</em> that the substance is wine, our attention is first directed to <a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=66.12&amp;full=true" rel="noreferrer">RCW 66.12.010</a> which says</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Nothing in this title, other than <a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=66.28.140" rel="noreferrer">RCW 66.28.140</a>, applies to wine or
beer manufactured in any home for private consumption, and not for
sale.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Note that the &quot;other than&quot; exception allows for what would otherwise be illegal transportation, saying that</p>
<blockquote>
<p>An adult member of a household may remove family beer or wine from the
home subject to the following conditions: (a) The quantity removed by
a producer is limited to a quantity not exceeding twenty gallons</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Apart from the fact that the quantity being produced is over the volume limit on transporting home-brew, it was not produced in any home. The homebrew exemption does not apply. Production of alcohol requires <a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=66.24&amp;full=true" rel="noreferrer">a license</a>, and payment of various fees per RCW 66.24.170.</p>
<p>The question whether the substance counts as &quot;wine&quot; is not relevant in Washington. <a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=66.04.010" rel="noreferrer">Wine</a> is defined as</p>
<blockquote>
<p>any alcoholic beverage obtained by fermentation of fruits (grapes,
berries, apples, et cetera) or other agricultural product containing
sugar...</p>
</blockquote>
<p>but there aren't stricter requirements on alcohol produced by trans-substantiation, and plainly no distillation was involved.</p>

licensing history