UK, Office of National Statistics, personal or organisational right to deny data requests
<p>In the UK, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Office for National Statistics</a> regularly </p>

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  <p>produces and publishes a wide range of the information about the United Kingdom that can be used for social and economic policy-making as well as painting a portrait of the country as its population evolves over time. (from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics#Purpose_and_scope" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia</a> article)</p>
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<p>My question is whether the status of the ONS as an executive office of a non-ministerial department (reporting directly to Parliament) gives it the right to request (/demand) data (for example, for the production of a particular indicator that has been requested by Parliament), or advice, without paying for it.</p>

<p>As has been pointed out in the comments, the UK National Census may be one example of an ONS survey where a citizen does not have the right to refuse to answer. I am specifically interested in whether the ONS has the general right to insist on answers/demand other data (i.e. not tied to any specific named survey), without paying for them.</p>

<p>Of itself, no. </p>

<p>The power to compel answers would need to come from statute - either the statute that created the body or a statute relating to a particular data gathering effort.</p>

united-kingdom parliamentary-law