Learning Off-policy with Model-based Intrinsic Motivation For Active
  Online Exploration
Yibo Wang Jiang Zhao
Recent advancements in deep reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated
notable progress in sample efficiency, spanning both model-based and model-free
paradigms. Despite the identification and mitigation of specific bottlenecks in
prior works, the agent's exploration ability remains under-emphasized in the
realm of sample-efficient RL. This paper investigates how to achieve
sample-efficient exploration in continuous control tasks. We introduce an RL
algorithm that incorporates a predictive model and off-policy learning
elements, where an online planner enhanced by a novelty-aware terminal value
function is employed for sample collection. Leveraging the forward predictive
error within a latent state space, we derive an intrinsic reward without
incurring parameters overhead. This reward establishes a solid connection to
model uncertainty, allowing the agent to effectively overcome the asymptotic
performance gap. Through extensive experiments, our method shows competitive or
even superior performance compared to prior works, especially the sparse reward
cases.