SafetyPrompts: a Systematic Review of Open Datasets for Evaluating and
  Improving Large Language Model Safety
Paul Röttger Fabio Pernisi Bertie Vidgen Dirk Hovy
The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of
large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these
concerns by introducing an abundance of new datasets for evaluating and
improving LLM safety. However, much of this work has happened in parallel, and
with very different goals in mind, ranging from the mitigation of near-term
risks around bias and toxic content generation to the assessment of longer-term
catastrophic risk potential. This makes it difficult for researchers and
practitioners to find the most relevant datasets for a given use case, and to
identify gaps in dataset coverage that future work may fill. To remedy these
issues, we conduct a first systematic review of open datasets for evaluating
and improving LLM safety. We review 102 datasets, which we identified through
an iterative and community-driven process over the course of several months. We
highlight patterns and trends, such as a a trend towards fully synthetic
datasets, as well as gaps in dataset coverage, such as a clear lack of
non-English datasets. We also examine how LLM safety datasets are used in
practice -- in LLM release publications and popular LLM benchmarks -- finding
that current evaluation practices are highly idiosyncratic and make use of only
a small fraction of available datasets. Our contributions are based on
SafetyPrompts.com, a living catalogue of open datasets for LLM safety, which we
commit to updating continuously as the field of LLM safety develops.