"Confidently Nonsensical?'': A Critical Survey on the Perspectives and
  Challenges of 'Hallucinations' in NLP
Pranav Narayanan Venkit Tatiana Chakravorti Vipul Gupta Heidi Biggs Mukund Srinath Koustava Goswami Sarah Rajtmajer Shomir Wilson
We investigate how hallucination in large language models (LLM) is
characterized in peer-reviewed literature using a critical examination of 103
publications across NLP research. Through a comprehensive review of
sociological and technological literature, we identify a lack of agreement with
the term `hallucination.' Additionally, we conduct a survey with 171
practitioners from the field of NLP and AI to capture varying perspectives on
hallucination. Our analysis underscores the necessity for explicit definitions
and frameworks outlining hallucination within NLP, highlighting potential
challenges, and our survey inputs provide a thematic understanding of the
influence and ramifications of hallucination in society.