Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofing
Qianyu Zhou Ke-Yue Zhang Taiping Yao Xuequan Lu Shouhong Ding Lizhuang Ma
Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is pivotal in safeguarding facial recognition
systems against presentation attacks. While domain generalization (DG) methods
have been developed to enhance FAS performance, they predominantly focus on
learning domain-invariant features during training, which may not guarantee
generalizability to unseen data that differs largely from the source
distributions. Our insight is that testing data can serve as a valuable
resource to enhance the generalizability beyond mere evaluation for DG FAS. In
this paper, we introduce a novel Test-Time Domain Generalization (TTDG)
framework for FAS, which leverages the testing data to boost the model's
generalizability. Our method, consisting of Test-Time Style Projection (TTSP)
and Diverse Style Shifts Simulation (DSSS), effectively projects the unseen
data to the seen domain space. In particular, we first introduce the innovative
TTSP to project the styles of the arbitrarily unseen samples of the testing
distribution to the known source space of the training distributions. We then
design the efficient DSSS to synthesize diverse style shifts via learnable
style bases with two specifically designed losses in a hyperspherical feature
space. Our method eliminates the need for model updates at the test time and
can be seamlessly integrated into not only the CNN but also ViT backbones.
Comprehensive experiments on widely used cross-domain FAS benchmarks
demonstrate our method's state-of-the-art performance and effectiveness.