Automatic Generation and Evaluation of Reading Comprehension Test Items
  with Large Language Models
Andreas Säuberli Simon Clematide
Reading comprehension tests are used in a variety of applications, reaching
from education to assessing the comprehensibility of simplified texts. However,
creating such tests manually and ensuring their quality is difficult and
time-consuming. In this paper, we explore how large language models (LLMs) can
be used to generate and evaluate multiple-choice reading comprehension items.
To this end, we compiled a dataset of German reading comprehension items and
developed a new protocol for human and automatic evaluation, including a metric
we call text informativity, which is based on guessability and answerability.
We then used this protocol and the dataset to evaluate the quality of items
generated by Llama 2 and GPT-4. Our results suggest that both models are
capable of generating items of acceptable quality in a zero-shot setting, but
GPT-4 clearly outperforms Llama 2. We also show that LLMs can be used for
automatic evaluation by eliciting item reponses from them. In this scenario,
evaluation results with GPT-4 were the most similar to human annotators.
Overall, zero-shot generation with LLMs is a promising approach for generating
and evaluating reading comprehension test items, in particular for languages
without large amounts of available data.