Does AI for science need another ImageNet Or totally different
  benchmarks? A case study of machine learning force fields
Yatao Li Wanling Gao Lei Wang Lixin Sun Zun Wang Jianfeng Zhan
AI for science (AI4S) is an emerging research field that aims to enhance the
accuracy and speed of scientific computing tasks using machine learning
methods. Traditional AI benchmarking methods struggle to adapt to the unique
challenges posed by AI4S because they assume data in training, testing, and
future real-world queries are independent and identically distributed, while
AI4S workloads anticipate out-of-distribution problem instances. This paper
investigates the need for a novel approach to effectively benchmark AI for
science, using the machine learning force field (MLFF) as a case study. MLFF is
a method to accelerate molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with low
computational cost and high accuracy. We identify various missed opportunities
in scientifically meaningful benchmarking and propose solutions to evaluate
MLFF models, specifically in the aspects of sample efficiency, time domain
sensitivity, and cross-dataset generalization capabilities. By setting up the
problem instantiation similar to the actual scientific applications, more
meaningful performance metrics from the benchmark can be achieved. This suite
of metrics has demonstrated a better ability to assess a model's performance in
real-world scientific applications, in contrast to traditional AI benchmarking
methodologies. This work is a component of the SAIBench project, an AI4S
benchmarking suite. The project homepage is
https://www.computercouncil.org/SAIBench.