WildScenes: A Benchmark for 2D and 3D Semantic Segmentation in
  Large-scale Natural Environments
Kavisha Vidanapathirana Joshua Knights Stephen Hausler Mark Cox Milad Ramezani Jason Jooste Ethan Griffiths Shaheer Mohamed Sridha Sridharan Clinton Fookes Peyman Moghadam
Recent progress in semantic scene understanding has primarily been enabled by
the availability of semantically annotated bi-modal (camera and lidar) datasets
in urban environments. However, such annotated datasets are also needed for
natural, unstructured environments to enable semantic perception for
applications, including conservation, search and rescue, environment
monitoring, and agricultural automation. Therefore, we introduce WildScenes, a
bi-modal benchmark dataset consisting of multiple large-scale traversals in
natural environments, including semantic annotations in high-resolution 2D
images and dense 3D lidar point clouds, and accurate 6-DoF pose information.
The data is (1) trajectory-centric with accurate localization and globally
aligned point clouds, (2) calibrated and synchronized to support bi-modal
inference, and (3) containing different natural environments over 6 months to
support research on domain adaptation. Our 3D semantic labels are obtained via
an efficient automated process that transfers the human-annotated 2D labels
from multiple views into 3D point clouds, thus circumventing the need for
expensive and time-consuming human annotation in 3D. We introduce benchmarks on
2D and 3D semantic segmentation and evaluate a variety of recent deep-learning
techniques to demonstrate the challenges in semantic segmentation in natural
environments. We propose train-val-test splits for standard benchmarks as well
as domain adaptation benchmarks and utilize an automated split generation
technique to ensure the balance of class label distributions. The data,
evaluation scripts and pretrained models will be released upon acceptance at
https://csiro-robotics.github.io/WildScenes.