Generative Models as a Complex Systems Science: How can we make sense of
  large language model behavior?
Ari Holtzman Peter West Luke Zettlemoyer
Coaxing out desired behavior from pretrained models, while avoiding
undesirable ones, has redefined NLP and is reshaping how we interact with
computers. What was once a scientific engineering discipline-in which building
blocks are stacked one on top of the other-is arguably already a complex
systems science, in which emergent behaviors are sought out to support
previously unimagined use cases.
  Despite the ever increasing number of benchmarks that measure task
performance, we lack explanations of what behaviors language models exhibit
that allow them to complete these tasks in the first place. We argue for a
systematic effort to decompose language model behavior into categories that
explain cross-task performance, to guide mechanistic explanations and help
future-proof analytic research.