Large language models can replicate cross-cultural differences in
  personality
Paweł Niszczota Mateusz Janczak
We use a large-scale experiment (N=8000) to determine whether GPT-4 can
replicate cross-cultural differences in the Big Five, measured using the
Ten-Item Personality Inventory. We used the US and South Korea as the cultural
pair, given that prior research suggests substantial personality differences
between people from these two countries. We manipulated the target of the
simulation (US vs. Korean), the language of the inventory (English vs. Korean),
and the language model (GPT-4 vs. GPT-3.5). Our results show that GPT-4
replicated the cross-cultural differences for each factor. However, mean
ratings had an upward bias and exhibited lower variation than in the human
samples, as well as lower structural validity. Overall, we provide preliminary
evidence that LLMs can aid cross-cultural psychological research.