DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism
DeepSeek-AI : Xiao Bi Deli Chen Guanting Chen Shanhuang Chen Damai Dai Chengqi Deng Honghui Ding Kai Dong Qiushi Du Zhe Fu Huazuo Gao Kaige Gao Wenjun Gao Ruiqi Ge Kang Guan Daya Guo Jianzhong Guo Guangbo Hao Zhewen Hao Ying He Wenjie Hu Panpan Huang Erhang Li Guowei Li Jiashi Li Yao Li Y. K. Li Wenfeng Liang Fangyun Lin A. X. Liu Bo Liu Wen Liu Xiaodong Liu Xin Liu Yiyuan Liu Haoyu Lu Shanghao Lu Fuli Luo Shirong Ma Xiaotao Nie Tian Pei Yishi Piao Junjie Qiu Hui Qu Tongzheng Ren Zehui Ren Chong Ruan Zhangli Sha Zhihong Shao Junxiao Song Xuecheng Su Jingxiang Sun Yaofeng Sun Minghui Tang Bingxuan Wang Peiyi Wang Shiyu Wang Yaohui Wang Yongji Wang Tong Wu Y. Wu Xin Xie Zhenda Xie Ziwei Xie Yiliang Xiong Hanwei Xu R. X. Xu Yanhong Xu Dejian Yang Yuxiang You Shuiping Yu Xingkai Yu B. Zhang Haowei Zhang Lecong Zhang Liyue Zhang Mingchuan Zhang Minghua Zhang Wentao Zhang Yichao Zhang Chenggang Zhao Yao Zhao Shangyan Zhou Shunfeng Zhou Qihao Zhu Yuheng Zou
The rapid development of open-source large language models (LLMs) has been
truly remarkable. However, the scaling law described in previous literature
presents varying conclusions, which casts a dark cloud over scaling LLMs. We
delve into the study of scaling laws and present our distinctive findings that
facilitate scaling of large scale models in two commonly used open-source
configurations, 7B and 67B. Guided by the scaling laws, we introduce DeepSeek
LLM, a project dedicated to advancing open-source language models with a
long-term perspective. To support the pre-training phase, we have developed a
dataset that currently consists of 2 trillion tokens and is continuously
expanding. We further conduct supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and Direct
Preference Optimization (DPO) on DeepSeek LLM Base models, resulting in the
creation of DeepSeek Chat models. Our evaluation results demonstrate that
DeepSeek LLM 67B surpasses LLaMA-2 70B on various benchmarks, particularly in
the domains of code, mathematics, and reasoning. Furthermore, open-ended
evaluations reveal that DeepSeek LLM 67B Chat exhibits superior performance
compared to GPT-3.5.