Learning to Design and Use Tools for Robotic Manipulation
Ziang Liu Stephen Tian Michelle Guo C. Karen Liu Jiajun Wu
When limited by their own morphologies, humans and some species of animals
have the remarkable ability to use objects from the environment toward
accomplishing otherwise impossible tasks. Robots might similarly unlock a range
of additional capabilities through tool use. Recent techniques for jointly
optimizing morphology and control via deep learning are effective at designing
locomotion agents. But while outputting a single morphology makes sense for
locomotion, manipulation involves a variety of strategies depending on the task
goals at hand. A manipulation agent must be capable of rapidly prototyping
specialized tools for different goals. Therefore, we propose learning a
designer policy, rather than a single design. A designer policy is conditioned
on task information and outputs a tool design that helps solve the task. A
design-conditioned controller policy can then perform manipulation using these
tools. In this work, we take a step towards this goal by introducing a
reinforcement learning framework for jointly learning these policies. Through
simulated manipulation tasks, we show that this framework is more sample
efficient than prior methods in multi-goal or multi-variant settings, can
perform zero-shot interpolation or fine-tuning to tackle previously unseen
goals, and allows tradeoffs between the complexity of design and control
policies under practical constraints. Finally, we deploy our learned policies
onto a real robot. Please see our supplementary video and website at
https://robotic-tool-design.github.io/ for visualizations.