ConES: Concept Embedding Search for Parameter Efficient Tuning Large
  Vision Language Models
Huahui Yi Ziyuan Qin Wei Xu Miaotian Guo Kun Wang Shaoting Zhang Kang Li Qicheng Lao
Large pre-trained vision-language models have shown great prominence in
transferring pre-acquired knowledge to various domains and downstream tasks
with appropriate prompting or tuning. Existing prevalent tuning methods can be
generally categorized into three genres: 1) prompt engineering by creating
suitable prompt texts, which is time-consuming and requires domain expertise;
2) or simply fine-tuning the whole model, which is extremely inefficient; 3)
prompt tuning through parameterized prompt embeddings with the text encoder.
Nevertheless, all methods rely on the text encoder for bridging the modality
gap between vision and language. In this work, we question the necessity of the
cumbersome text encoder for a more lightweight and efficient tuning paradigm as
well as more representative prompt embeddings closer to the image
representations. To achieve this, we propose a Concept Embedding Search (ConES)
approach by optimizing prompt embeddings -- without the need of the text
encoder -- to capture the 'concept' of the image modality through a variety of
task objectives. By dropping the text encoder, we are able to significantly
speed up the learning process, \eg, from about an hour to just ten minutes in
our experiments for personalized text-to-image generation without impairing the
generation quality. Moreover, our proposed approach is orthogonal to current
existing tuning methods since the searched concept embeddings can be further
utilized in the next stage of fine-tuning the pre-trained large models for
boosting performance. Extensive experiments show that our approach can beat the
prompt tuning and textual inversion methods in a variety of downstream tasks
including objection detection, instance segmentation, and image generation. Our
approach also shows better generalization capability for unseen concepts in
specialized domains, such as the medical domain.