Toward Accurate Camera-based 3D Object Detection via Cascade Depth
  Estimation and Calibration
Chaoqun Wang Yiran Qin Zijian Kang Ningning Ma Ruimao Zhang
Recent camera-based 3D object detection is limited by the precision of
transforming from image to 3D feature spaces, as well as the accuracy of object
localization within the 3D space. This paper aims to address such a fundamental
problem of camera-based 3D object detection: How to effectively learn depth
information for accurate feature lifting and object localization. Different
from previous methods which directly predict depth distributions by using a
supervised estimation model, we propose a cascade framework consisting of two
depth-aware learning paradigms. First, a depth estimation (DE) scheme leverages
relative depth information to realize the effective feature lifting from 2D to
3D spaces. Furthermore, a depth calibration (DC) scheme introduces depth
reconstruction to further adjust the 3D object localization perturbation along
the depth axis. In practice, the DE is explicitly realized by using both the
absolute and relative depth optimization loss to promote the precision of depth
prediction, while the capability of DC is implicitly embedded into the
detection Transformer through a depth denoising mechanism in the training
phase. The entire model training is accomplished through an end-to-end manner.
We propose a baseline detector and evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal
with +2.2%/+2.7% NDS/mAP improvements on NuScenes benchmark, and gain a
comparable performance with 55.9%/45.7% NDS/mAP. Furthermore, we conduct
extensive experiments to demonstrate its generality based on various detectors
with about +2% NDS improvements.