Injecting Wiktionary to improve token-level contextual representations
  using contrastive learning
Anna Mosolova Marie Candito Carlos Ramisch
While static word embeddings are blind to context, for lexical semantics
tasks context is rather too present in contextual word embeddings, vectors of
same-meaning occurrences being too different (Ethayarajh, 2019). Fine-tuning
pre-trained language models (PLMs) using contrastive learning was proposed,
leveraging automatically self-augmented examples (Liu et al., 2021b). In this
paper, we investigate how to inject a lexicon as an alternative source of
supervision, using the English Wiktionary. We also test how dimensionality
reduction impacts the resulting contextual word embeddings. We evaluate our
approach on the Word-In-Context (WiC) task, in the unsupervised setting (not
using the training set). We achieve new SoTA result on the original WiC test
set. We also propose two new WiC test sets for which we show that our
fine-tuning method achieves substantial improvements. We also observe
improvements, although modest, for the semantic frame induction task. Although
we experimented on English to allow comparison with related work, our method is
adaptable to the many languages for which large Wiktionaries exist.