DiffS2UT: A Semantic Preserving Diffusion Model for Textless Direct
  Speech-to-Speech Translation
Yongxin Zhu Zhujin Gao Xinyuan Zhou Zhongyi Ye Linli Xu
While Diffusion Generative Models have achieved great success on image
generation tasks, how to efficiently and effectively incorporate them into
speech generation especially translation tasks remains a non-trivial problem.
Specifically, due to the low information density of speech data, the
transformed discrete speech unit sequence is much longer than the corresponding
text transcription, posing significant challenges to existing auto-regressive
models. Furthermore, it is not optimal to brutally apply discrete diffusion on
the speech unit sequence while disregarding the continuous space structure,
which will degrade the generation performance significantly. In this paper, we
propose a novel diffusion model by applying the diffusion forward process in
the \textit{continuous} speech representation space, while employing the
diffusion backward process in the \textit{discrete} speech unit space. In this
way, we preserve the semantic structure of the continuous speech representation
space in the diffusion process and integrate the continuous and discrete
diffusion models. We conduct extensive experiments on the textless direct
speech-to-speech translation task, where the proposed method achieves
comparable results to the computationally intensive auto-regressive baselines
(500 steps on average) with significantly fewer decoding steps (50 steps).