Open-Set Face Recognition with Maximal Entropy and Objectosphere Loss
Rafael Henrique Vareto Yu Linghu Terrance E. Boult William Robson Schwartz Manuel Günther
Open-set face recognition characterizes a scenario where unknown individuals,
unseen during the training and enrollment stages, appear on operation time.
This work concentrates on watchlists, an open-set task that is expected to
operate at a low False Positive Identification Rate and generally includes only
a few enrollment samples per identity. We introduce a compact adapter network
that benefits from additional negative face images when combined with distinct
cost functions, such as Objectosphere Loss (OS) and the proposed Maximal
Entropy Loss (MEL). MEL modifies the traditional Cross-Entropy loss in favor of
increasing the entropy for negative samples and attaches a penalty to known
target classes in pursuance of gallery specialization. The proposed approach
adopts pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNs) for face recognition as feature
extractors. Then, the adapter network takes deep feature representations and
acts as a substitute for the output layer of the pre-trained DNN in exchange
for an agile domain adaptation. Promising results have been achieved following
open-set protocols for three different datasets: LFW, IJB-C, and UCCS as well
as state-of-the-art performance when supplementary negative data is properly
selected to fine-tune the adapter network.