Contingency Analysis of a Grid of Connected EVs for Primary Frequency
  Control of an Industrial Microgrid Using Efficient Control Scheme
J. N. Sabhahit S. S. Solanke V. K. Jadoun H. Malik F. P. García Márquez J. M. Pinar-Pérez
After over a century of internal combustion engines ruling the transport
sector, electric vehicles appear to be on the verge of gaining traction due to
a slew of advantages, including lower operating costs and lower CO2 emissions.
By using the Vehicle-to-Grid (or Grid-to-Vehicle if Electric vehicles (EVs) are
utilized as load) approach, EVs can operate as both a load and a source.
Primary frequency regulation and congestion management are two essential
characteristics of this technology that are added to an industrial microgrid.
Industrial Microgrids are made up of different energy sources such as wind
farms and PV farms, storage systems, and loads. EVs have gained a lot of
interest as a technique for frequency management because of their ability to
regulate quickly. Grid reliability depends on this quick reaction. Different
contingency, state of charge of the electric vehicles, and a varying number of
EVs in an EV fleet are considered in this work, and a proposed control scheme
for frequency management is presented. This control scheme enables
bidirectional power flow, allowing for primary frequency regulation during the
various scenarios that an industrial microgrid may encounter over the course of
a 24-h period. The presented controller will provide dependable frequency
regulation support to the industrial microgrid during contingencies, as will be
demonstrated by simulation results, achieving a more reliable system. However,
simulation results will show that by increasing a number of the EVs in a fleet
for the Vehicle-to-Grid approach, an industrial microgrid\'s frequency can be
enhanced even further.