Deeper or Wider: A Perspective from Optimal Generalization Error with
  Sobolev Loss
Yahong Yang Juncai He
Constructing the architecture of a neural network is a challenging pursuit
for the machine learning community, and the dilemma of whether to go deeper or
wider remains a persistent question. This paper explores a comparison between
deeper neural networks (DeNNs) with a flexible number of layers and wider
neural networks (WeNNs) with limited hidden layers, focusing on their optimal
generalization error in Sobolev losses. Analytical investigations reveal that
the architecture of a neural network can be significantly influenced by various
factors, including the number of sample points, parameters within the neural
networks, and the regularity of the loss function. Specifically, a higher
number of parameters tends to favor WeNNs, while an increased number of sample
points and greater regularity in the loss function lean towards the adoption of
DeNNs. We ultimately apply this theory to address partial differential
equations using deep Ritz and physics-informed neural network (PINN) methods,
guiding the design of neural networks.