Does color modalities affect handwriting recognition? An empirical study
  on Persian handwritings using convolutional neural networks
Abbas Zohrevand Zahra Imani Javad Sadri Ching Y. Suen
Most of the methods on handwritten recognition in the literature are focused
and evaluated on Black and White (BW) image databases. In this paper we try to
answer a fundamental question in document recognition. Using Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs), as eye simulator, we investigate to see whether color
modalities of handwritten digits and words affect their recognition accuracy or
speed? To the best of our knowledge, so far this question has not been answered
due to the lack of handwritten databases that have all three color modalities
of handwritings. To answer this question, we selected 13,330 isolated digits
and 62,500 words from a novel Persian handwritten database, which have three
different color modalities and are unique in term of size and variety. Our
selected datasets are divided into training, validation, and testing sets.
Afterwards, similar conventional CNN models are trained with the training
samples. While the experimental results on the testing set show that CNN on the
BW digit and word images has a higher performance compared to the other two
color modalities, in general there are no significant differences for network
accuracy in different color modalities. Also, comparisons of training times in
three color modalities show that recognition of handwritten digits and words in
BW images using CNN is much more efficient.