Hide in Thicket: Generating Imperceptible and Rational Adversarial
  Perturbations on 3D Point Clouds
Tianrui Lou Xiaojun Jia Jindong Gu Li Liu Siyuan Liang Bangyan He Xiaochun Cao
Adversarial attack methods based on point manipulation for 3D point cloud
classification have revealed the fragility of 3D models, yet the adversarial
examples they produce are easily perceived or defended against. The trade-off
between the imperceptibility and adversarial strength leads most point attack
methods to inevitably introduce easily detectable outlier points upon a
successful attack. Another promising strategy, shape-based attack, can
effectively eliminate outliers, but existing methods often suffer significant
reductions in imperceptibility due to irrational deformations. We find that
concealing deformation perturbations in areas insensitive to human eyes can
achieve a better trade-off between imperceptibility and adversarial strength,
specifically in parts of the object surface that are complex and exhibit
drastic curvature changes. Therefore, we propose a novel shape-based
adversarial attack method, HiT-ADV, which initially conducts a two-stage search
for attack regions based on saliency and imperceptibility scores, and then adds
deformation perturbations in each attack region using Gaussian kernel
functions. Additionally, HiT-ADV is extendable to physical attack. We propose
that by employing benign resampling and benign rigid transformations, we can
further enhance physical adversarial strength with little sacrifice to
imperceptibility. Extensive experiments have validated the superiority of our
method in terms of adversarial and imperceptible properties in both digital and
physical spaces. Our code is avaliable at: https://github.com/TRLou/HiT-ADV.