Regularizing CNNs using Confusion Penalty Based Label Smoothing for
  Histopathology Images
Somenath Kuiry Alaka Das Mita Nasipuri Nibaran Das
Deep Learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), has been
successful in computer vision tasks and medical image analysis. However, modern
CNNs can be overconfident, making them difficult to deploy in real-world
scenarios. Researchers propose regularizing techniques, such as Label Smoothing
(LS), which introduces soft labels for training data, making the classifier
more regularized. LS captures disagreements or lack of confidence in the
training phase, making the classifier more regularized. Although LS is quite
simple and effective, traditional LS techniques utilize a weighted average
between target distribution and a uniform distribution across the classes,
which limits the objective of LS as well as the performance. This paper
introduces a novel LS technique based on the confusion penalty, which treats
model confusion for each class with more importance than others. We have
performed extensive experiments with well-known CNN architectures with this
technique on publicly available Colorectal Histology datasets and got
satisfactory results. Also, we have compared our findings with the
State-of-the-art and shown our method's efficacy with Reliability diagrams and
t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) plots of feature space.