july march german chess master considered world leading chess player 1850s 1860s defeated toured europe retired chess soon considered leading player defeat successful tournament player europe winning half events entered including chess tournament strongest tournaments era achieved successes age famous today brilliant attacking play particularly immortal game game important figure development chess problems driving forward transition problem composition complexity modern compositions chess masters elder statesman game turned advice arbitration background early life born called lived life sharing house supporting widowed mother unmarried sister married graduated public gymnasium high school attended university studied mathematics philosophy graduating age took position gymnasium instructor later professor mathematics lived quiet stable responsible respectable middle class life career teaching mathematics hobby passion playing chess years old father taught play chess said boy learned strategy game copy book games chess career steps came attention chess world published task chess players collection chess problems continued publish problems years magazines second collection brought attention group included strongest players time played matches development player relatively slow largely spare time money play matches strong players able good fight member und der world strongest player time editor magazine der later called founder berlin died held post london drew match professional player basis match general chess reputation invited represent german chess international chess tournament held london reluctant accept invitation travel costs tournament principal organizer offered pay travel expenses pocket necessary fail win tournament prize accepted generous offer preparations london international tournament produced surge playing strength played games early strong opponents including international tournament knock event pairs competitors played short matches won beating margins games case prize thirds total prize fund equivalent money found play agreed won tournament receive prize appear considered way chess books regard true world champion organizers london international tournament said contest world chess champion fact described world champion tournament established world leading chess player time meaning fallen colleagues organized tournament played month later included players competed international tournament result won match opportunities tournament play remained rare reluctant travel far expense recorded tournament game round knock tournament manchester eliminated second round late beaten american champion famous match held paris france wins draws seven losses knew attack understood better attack prepare attack recently scored equally convincing wins matches class players returned usa soon announced retirement chess strongest active player played curious opening games match broke loss draw win opening referred opening popular competition games shortly london international tournament played famous games casual encounters won combinations involved sacrifices black moving london international tournament called immortal game sacrificed bishop finally queen second played berlin white called game total sacrifice modest exceeded queen minor piece match played matches leading players time later wealthy banker patron chess drew match narrowly won won drew lost ahead half way stage london won london chess tournament international round robin tournament participant plays game score wins thirteen games lost game finished points ahead best playing record early 1860s retired chess time generally regarded world leading active player known competitive chess drawn match wins losses draws strong player respected chess writer match lost close match year old wins losses draws won games known approach chess demonstrating superiority match played attack costs style 1850s 1860s generally seen point succeeded world leading active player ideas contest world championship floating 1840s match defined world championship opposed claim title retired chess alive furthermore remained dominant tournaments personal matches time tournaments frequent round robin format adopted time losing match dedicated chess particularly studying play result early fifties playing finest chess career result compiled successful tournament record late stages career places second places places sixth place final year life health failing places ahead strong players chess tournament regarded strongest tournaments despite super tournaments places strong vienna tournament half tournament successes came championships different regional open competitors usually beat matches dominance came end came leipzig tournament came second organized commemorate 50th anniversary learning chess moves initiative sprang tournament organized commemorate competitor leipzig lost match tournament winner wins draw losses matches relative weakness match win period year old wins draw losses assessment playing strength style successful european tournaments early taking prize half events played recorded tournament failures game round knock event sixth place paris health failing year live match record weaker played won drew lost inventor rating system calculated ratings history estimated player rating ranks players period shortly death rated greatest attacking players time learn conduct king attack learnt regarded member heroic attacking school favor aggression example said pieces worst plight satisfy derive immediate advantage attack principle recently labelled rule according fine approach development totally failed understand won home town proud awarded honorary doctorate influence chess heroic attacking school play belonged eclipsed approach generally acknowledged way beat apply principles enduring influence chess problem composition started composing years compositions fairly similar realistic board positions featured spectacular key moves multiple sacrifices variations composers time work forms early stage transition period early 1860s basic problem ideas discovered requirement game like positions abandoned introduction composing competitions forced judges decide features desirable problem outside field chess problems prolific author edited magazine der later called editor personality wrote honest honourable core fear favour gave opinion sincere patent word usually sufficient quell disputes given decision favour rival hand 20th century player wrote curious contrast board brilliance safety attitude everyday affairs death died march hometown noted death nineteen page obituary bombing raids world war damaged grave war city poland known polish decided bury new grave cemetery notable games immortal game sacrifices queen order win adolf berlin italian game evans pierce defense game short game sacrifices ending nice bishops match paris beats opening italian game evans black resigned allowing finish combination tournament results sources match 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Adolf Anderssen