august september french general colonial administrator revolutionary napoleonic wars demonstrated moderate abilities combat commander real strength lay organizational logistical talents held posts chief staff military administration joined military private september september promoted lieutenant brigadier general commanding officer accused counter revolutionaries restored rank napoleon appointed governor general french colony guadeloupe following suppression widespread slave insurrection able order agricultural production british overwhelmed colony brief engagement forced returned france prisoner exchange charged treason napoleon enraged loss colony british court empire fell retained honors received command second restoration held administrative position occupation zones later elected military career completing school received entered military service private revolutionary army commissioned lieutenant infantry 1st september captain march aide camp north july promoted rank lieutenant colonel initial successes lower rhine war coalition sent strengthen french position duke york laid siege blockaded town belgian border insufficient garrison fend british assembled force thousand men joined marched relief led column attack british camp september day year new republic raised rank appointed september chief staff advice commander chief discovered unfortunate position forest compelled retreat subsequently lifted siege action earned promotion december order aggressive pursuit recalled disgrace suspended suspicion counter revolutionary reinstated end reign terror appointed chief staff held administrative posts including stint helped develop geographical military maps action switzerland appointed chief staff crossed rhine river british historians called violation treaty resulting war second coalition march army renamed marched engaged force march march battles manpower superior french numbers respectively overwhelmed french lines commander army unable concentrate forces sufficiently counteract numbers withdrew late march took command returned paris request troops replaced commander served chief staff swiss campaign saw action central switzerland french victory caribbean appointment grand officer shortly afterward sent guadeloupe captain general colony restore order wake slave rebellion campaign year restored order agricultural production base guadeloupe dealt largely refugee escaped previous years mastered swedish island rebels taken refuge coordinated british american shipping confiscated vessels proceeds sale amounted million evidence suggest actively encouraged permitted earlier practice british american shipping british officers later found open commissions signed suggested granting commissions pirates services rendered ships sailing guadeloupe bore captured sloop war hms encouragement task complicated failure treaty outbreak war britain protect guadeloupe raised coastal batteries british capture martinique marked critical point french guadeloupe blockaded sides naval forces british french civilians soldiers reduced near starvation january british initiated invasion guadeloupe sir naval force landed british troops command lieutenant general called eastern islands attacked sides end january force mounted spirited short defense february transported britain repatriated france prisoner exchange irritated loss guadeloupe british napoleon accused abuse power treason spent months captivity france courts debated proceed restoration restoration suspended proceedings lack evidence entered service created saint louis august year appointed inspector general infantry january went capacity march received command 1st corps general command charles duke napoleon return inspection away command napoleon landed cannes landing soldiers army banner beginning days mere news napoleon escape troops caused charles duke panic returned learned chosen imperial cause left paris napoleon rescinded honors titles dismissed post military april napoleon final defeat battle second restoration summer restored rights property later years granted title baron commander entitled wear red right shoulder left hip automatically received pension hereditary nobility granted son grandson knights november received command located occupied allied troops condition second treaty paris role maintain harmony residents foreign soldiers elected obtained permission sit left command eligible retirement july died paris september family married november son december october military commander napoleonic wars wife parents 19th century historian alfred
Jean Augustin Ernouf