architecture prison architecture includes acre site prison terrace western_australia limestone site construction south western corner eastern portion site considerably higher ground level site includes prison cell blocks gatehouse perimeter walls cottages tunnels related infrastructure longest tallest cell range australia dominating feature prison constructed continues façade alignment main block service buildings converted separate women prison surrounded limestone perimeter walls storey limestone gatehouse central clock presents imposing entrance north south gatehouse terrace cottages houses built victorian style contrast georgian style network tunnels exists prison built provide prison later town supply fresh water elements site include hospital building prisoner workshops open spaces limestone ramp axis gatehouse heading port area archaeological zones sub surface remains varying levels significance found area convict grant background dates early years european settlement constructed centre western australia colony established free settlement 1840s early reluctance accept britain overcome cheap convict labour overcome significant shortage manpower colony arrival convict ship june unexpected sailing ship sent ahead inform pending arrival seventy blown course capacity left ship prepared accommodation guards captain general clerk accommodation quickly rose sudden increase demand leaving henderson paying basic house london eventually henderson leased properties year site modern day hotel convert buildings temporary prison henderson looking site build permanent convict establishment whilst favoured known kings park height gave pleasing supposedly air governor rejected proposal henderson ultimately settled current site hill raised dominant position overlooking port city site description built land grant acres limestone site timber cut site exhibits considerable changes ground level natural man result location use ground level considerably higher south western corner site remains natural known referred eastern portion site considerably higher ground level established main cell block comparatively level terrace highest comprises substantially intact convict era structures including limestone perimeter walls exceptional heritage significance structures dating time use colonial state prison significant convict era complex includes main cell block chapel yards cells perimeter walls gate house complex prison officer residences terrace service buildings hospital south eastern workshops ramp access street elements contribute site overall heritage significance include western workshops new division conversion service building female division addition eastern range layout foot tall boundary wall prison grounds gatehouse centre western wall facing terrace roads site street north east street south cottages housed prison workers officials located outside wall gatehouse inside walls parade ground located east gatehouse centre site contains north main block west north western corner women prison previously laundry hospital building stands north eastern corner workshops located south eastern corner north gatehouse system underground tunnels constructed provide fresh water runs eastern edge site archaeological zones sub surface remains varying levels significance found area convict grant particular sites cottages east perimeter wall reserve site cage courtyard features site features include associated water supply system constructed 1890s brick vaulted underground reservoir associated pumping station complex series rock cut shafts drives kilometre underground tunnel network graffiti tablet records progress walls gatehouse prison surrounded limestone perimeter walls define extent depot original topography south east north walls random rubble limestone lime mortar range height metres additional courses added dark stone attached piers occur approximately metre centres lee sides walls number openings including pedestrian gates walls exceptional heritage significance vital defining character sterile zones inside main perimeter walls walls female division outside prison wall standard prison practice surveillance contribute character prison entry complex consists combined gate house quarters entry court military civil guard houses flanking inner gate storey limestone gatehouse central clock presents imposing entry prison gatehouse associated entry complex constructed convict labour designed constructed limestone gatehouse towers narrow gate reminiscent found 13th century english castles walled cities gate iron clock structure imported england clock london installed years later sounding hour gatehouse smaller second inner gate engraved names significant figures designed gate clerk works supervised soldier wrought iron complex expanded altered use entry complex prison functions entry complex extended north female division workshop range western workshops leaving sterile zone perimeter wall gatehouse remained significant feature landmark closure prison main entrance housing café office areas restoration carried preserving original stone facade removing non original rendering cell blocks based english prison design model site key feature designed captain henderson completed designed hold prisoners metres long storeys high longest tallest cell range australia constructed 1850s changes time main cell block impressive facade built limestone blocks site significant ways scale position simplicity material near character ensures focal dominating feature prison evidence fabric internal configuration spaces reveals functioning convict depot subsequent prison atmosphere come imperial convict era colonial western_australia central storey high cell block flanked end large dormitory called association rooms men slept reward good behaviour soon receive ticket leave contrast cells space measuring seven feet cell initially basin connected running water installation advent bends coming pipes lead removal 1860s following cells larger removing dividing wall cells electric lighting installed 1920s toilets duration prison operation prison closure cells restored represent varying living conditions different times prison history main block houses solitary confinement cells single storey block axis main cell block east consists punishment cells dark cells light chamber built main cell block relates colonial use prison operated rope tied beam trap door upper level opening trap door cause condemned prisoner fall hanged centre anglican chapel windows ones bars occupies prominent position projecting wing centre facade retains original painted wall patterns beneath later paint layers intact early prison chapel australia interior features include early substantial example arch construction colonies handsome boards original elegant anglican chapel altar painted representation words sixth use unusual translation thou murder thou kill common interpretation church_of_england given regular use felt thou kill upper northern association ward floor evidence use communal prisoner accommodation form rails convict painted mural wall constructed response division continues façade alignment main block building shaped plan storeys high regular pale limestone blocks rock face openings set brick handsome range main building visually significant main cell block completes northern zone prison interior configuration cells significant example attempt introduce separate system western_australia prisoners completely isolated months sentence division exercise yard initially facilitate concept prisoners hour exercise day system successful considered dated prisoner management strategy leading removal years electricity underground world war australian_army appropriated prisoners separate main population condemned death building cater offices small business premises meeting rooms women prison north western complex originally service area laundry built 1850s place women prisoners needed following closure transfer prisoners buildings converted prison wall built creating western_australia separate prison women population crime growth led extended 1890s 1910s single storey limestone building known female division distinctive monitor roof upper storey addition eastern range red brick construction saw women prison close space education assessment main prison closure adapted use visual arts facility staff accommodation flat area immediate west prison called terrace formed rubble resulting prison site adjoining western perimeter wall outside prison northern terrace compound staff accommodation adjoining residences built 1890s quarters prison staff cottages northern end street built victorian style contrast georgian style houses number incorporates parts guard room converted 1890s quarters built alongside number single storey house random rubble limestone walls iron roof separated perimeter wall rear yard numbers pair single units random rubble limestone walls iron roofs separated perimeter wall rear yard storey residences terrace built 1850s officer accommodation number known chaplain house storey house rendered painted limestone walls plan roughly square west south sides single storey building connects south east house main prison wall number known superintendent house storey house rendered limestone walls iron roof walls connected gatehouse limestone walled buildings plan roughly square door house prison north east room ground floor house initially built chaplain taken superintendent later prison administration number house storey building roughly square plan painted limestone walls sheet metal roof accommodated superintendent later resident magistrate remained use housing prison officers 1970s number known surgeon house storey structure limestone walls southernmost house terrace numbers northernmost initial buildings featured sitting rooms dressing rooms kitchen water closet shed mirrored number expanded additions built 1890s single storey limestone structure stables located south number buildings hospital hospital built crucial component public works convict era relied convict labour provided healthy located north eastern corner prison compound building shaped plan single storey rendered painted limestone walls features wide timber posts medical services relocated main cell block building female prisoners hospital refurbished reopened subsequently remained continuous operation prison closure adjacent hospital building east reservoir brick vaulted reservoir system constructed appear low brick structure reservoir roof consists rendered central vault raised millimetres centre eastern terrace contains remains 1850s workshops prison workshops provided activities training prisoners reduced cost maintenance repairs construction providing house service original workshop shop buildings constructed prison site later known workshops included carpenter painter printing office 1850s metal shop west workshops built start twentieth century providing work prisoners paint shop mat maker shoe maker book tailor shop western workshops single storey squared limestone rubble building openings dressed brick open saw tooth roof southern concealed wall western workshops adapted use art workshops buildings area south east workshops shower block helmet workshop associated sheds structures recent exception terrace series erected dismantled world war tunnels south eastern corner eastern terrace pumping station associated tunnels set 1850s workshops wall underneath parts eastern terrace adjacent pumping station workshops complex series shafts drives cut rock 1890s early twentieth century east workshops single storey limestone building western enclosed area east entire workshops yard light steel steel supports network tunnels exists prison including kilometre connection built prisoners purpose enable escapes labour provide prison later town supply fresh water guards gun tower adjacent tunnel entrance prevented attempted escapes construction buildings shafts sunk limestone bedrock provide prison fresh water water house supply ships suffered storm damage prompted tank installed prison main cell block offer town alternative water supply prisoners worked pump fill tank connected gravity fed pipes increasing demand led construction reservoir water drawn pumped prisoners additional wells built connected series tunnels horizontal drives metres north east prison steam pump implemented drew thousand imperial gallons hour water new town reservoir constructed street fed prison triple expansion steam driven pump million imperial gallons day prison tunnels prisoners relieved manual pumping employed supply wood boilers authority took control pumping station prison town connected perth metropolitan water supply tunnels closed continued prison gardens oil leaking nearby tanks contaminated water pollution eventually cleared prison closure water supply system including tunnels subject heritage studies including inspection tunnels opened year main shaft refurbished including installation audio visual equipment lighting removal debris access shaft tunnels creation new steel platforms addition extra limestone rocks tunnels help lift users water open spaces related elements open spaces significant provide impressive settings structures important spaces right retaining stark open character institution required surveillance extensive main cell block scale secure location perimeter walls particularly impressive paths garden beds raised brick comprises remains high natural ground level form flat areas playing fields tennis courts evidence vaulted reservoir located significant landscape presents formal quality perimeter walls generally landscape sparse simple comprising elements lawn low pavement landscape elements outside walls include exotic pine trees terrace inclined ramp built terrace axis gatehouse port area ramp constructed limestone rubble cut fill activities required create prison site terrace ramp integral original design prison complex exceptional heritage significance cut western end modern road historic visual link alignment ramp intersects terrace houses accommodation prison erected mark boundary point limestone early prison associated housing site surviving elements early convict establishment include henderson house henderson street cottages terrace housing numbers henderson street range street paths roads ramps garden sites walls sub surface works distant routes asylum store wharf site article incorporates text source australian prison australia licensed creative australia licence required
Architecture of Fremantle Prison