july july american physicist harvard_university work research precise measurements mass differences nuclear allowed confirm mass energy concept director manhattan_project trinity nuclear test took place july described trinity explosion foul awesome display remarked immediately test sons marked beginning dedication ending testing nuclear weapons efforts maintain civilian control future developments field early life born new_york second sons educated new_york high school developed interest radio inspired enter mit study electrical engineering years earned bachelor science master science degrees summer breaks worked general_electric laboratories massachusetts new_york obtained patents related tubes normally promising start career general_electric aware interested physics graduating mit enrolled princeton_university consultant general_electric faculty awarded new field writing thesis search element analysis positive rays supervision early career enjoyed series prestigious graduation awarded fellowship time located campus pennsylvania directed english physicist interest nuclear physics married margaret member teaching faculty september son daughters joan developed mass resolving power relative precision instrument verify mass energy wrote establishing accurate comparisons masses light particles concerned nuclear particularly discovered achieved noteworthy triumph experimental proof fundamental theory mass energy awarded prestigious fellowship travel england work cambridge_university continued work developing mass friends british physicist fellowship expired september returned united_states accepted associate harvard_university started building new mass designed working commenced work design inch provided decided build inch instead elected fellow interest mass led naturally interest relative abundance discovery nuclear led interest separating proposed pump produce vacuum necessary work enlisted help little interest work research carried use packed new_mexico world war september world war raging europe brought number new technologies united_states including cavity high powered device generates interaction stream magnetic field device promised radar demolished thoughts americans entertained technological leadership established develop radar technology october scientists recruited scientists divided work drew pulse working navy helped develop high powered radars warships joined project initially led instrumentation group developed ray instrumentation examining explosions march head new group charged conducting nuclear test sweeping reorganization laboratory august july colleagues conducted trinity nuclear test personal nightmare later wrote knowing bomb didn head test tower seek find gone wrong relief explosion atomic bomb went drama later described foul awesome display turned said sons relieved trinity test success relating bulletin atomic scientists article feeling gone properly followed deep relief wouldn tower gone wrong work manhattan_project received letters project director major general received presidential certificate merit work postwar returned harvard war initiated construction inch dismantled chaired physics department harvard years drew senator aggressive defense colleagues chairman responsible renovation old established devoted good deal time improving laboratory facilities graduate students 1950s remained outspoken proponent civilian control nuclear power abandonment nuclear testing prominent scientists petitioned president declare united_states use hydrogen bomb retired harvard wife margaret died suddenly january blood broken wrist married editor new_york_city october died february scholarship established memory died home lexington massachusetts july survived daughters marriage buried hill cemetery martha plot wife margaret son martin papers
Kenneth Bainbridge