august august august january austrian officer right wing politician held post higher police leader german occupied territory serbia january march world war began career officer served italian world war reached rank major der joined september right wing parliamentary deputy provincial minister austrian province involvement nazis forcibly retired arrested february released months detention centre july following attempted coup escaped police custody fled nazi_germany joined police austria germany norway appointed higher police leader serbia early time belgrade characterised friction competition german military economic foreign affairs officials hatred distrust serbs tenure oversaw regular killings detachment killed jewish women children gas van war yugoslavia tried war crimes found guilty yugoslav military court executed january early life world war service august born austria-hungary august son years earlier wife née uncle completed primary secondary schooling attending cadet school vienna posted 3rd officer candidate commissioned transferred austrian appointed command unit italian town later year appointed command coastal section border guard unit modern day days outbreak world war married der promoted commanded 12th italian wounded awarded decorations service war including order iron crown 3rd class military 3rd class military merit medal swords war decoration 2nd class august recalled appointed section commander interwar period police political career austria placed charge border police town frontier newly created kingdom serbs later yugoslavia involved fighting year involved german nationalist sporting association leader right wing paramilitary later senior position funnel arms remained stationed years sent detachments promoted major der commanding detachment sent oversee unification austria august shot leg local hungarians transfer unit dealt significant labour unrest peaked aftermath july revolt joined september granted audience adolf_hitler comrades january transferred came contact right wing organisations right wing deputy provincial parliament german minister provincial government governmental responsibilities meant unable active abortive coup état led claiming knew openly stated approved went hiding continued activities began forge closer links holding meetings hitler delegate austria met venice arrange absorption early outcome discussions subsequently known venice agreement conversion nazi thinking demonstrated anti jewish april march authoritarian government parliamentary government june banned absorbed days public servants members classified subversive based denied seat parliament forcibly retired september age result meetings appointed deputy leader travelled widely meeting nazi leaders hungary yugoslavia consequently february interned camp half months nazi activities following hunger strike half hearted prison revolt released soon leaders arrested took control organisation arrested shortly july launched branch assassinated escaped police custody july fled yugoslavia role july unclear austrian authorities suspected encouraged participation provided supplies conspirators yugoslavia longer able access pension assets travelled germany sea november submitted emphasised experience political speaker suggested purely military task best use knowledge skills germany briefly given job coordinating support nazi refugees austria soon arrived joined protection police branch order police previous rank major received german citizenship discharged accepted short lived police officers permitted members time obliged resign october april promoted rank der allowed return october promoted rank february appointed staff district iii appointed honorary judge appointment extended march promoted rank der following germany elected deputy position retained end world war april sent vienna appointed inspector austria working state secretary security austria soon arriving austria clashed requiring intervention chief und general der kurt transferred early october annexation germany district commander june transferred time inspector prussian province world war outbreak war started appointed senior positions beginning spring named representative german und soon appointed command newly occupied norway working remained norway end awarded war merit cross 2nd class swords mid january recalled germany despite low rank attended conference senior leaders field headquarters near hitler wolf conference discussed use forced labour coming plan ethnic germans according german historian attendance conference highlighted working german occupied territory serbia relevant language skills higher police leader serbia german occupied territory serbia area yugoslavia roughly corresponding borders retained military administration following april german led axis invasion yugoslavia included serbian puppet regime known led yugoslav minister war appointment planned initially accorded preferences commander territory communist led uprising erupted brutally suppressed operation december expected return spring address decided appoint higher police leader occupied territory chosen new position despite fact selected years old oldest appointed arrived belgrade late january inserted political conflicting lines command authority military lines command confusing military commander serbia responsible military administration commanding general serbia responsible military operations insurgents weeks arrival military positions finally combined commander serbia person general der previously serbia reported commander general der reported directly hitler military chain command considered appointment change chief staff describing ask staff split military command staff led administrative staff control staff direct control regional defence battalions worked military forces occupation territory turner staff supervised serbian puppet regime german military districts police security forces overlapping military chain command reporting foreign minister economic affairs representative power structures competed greater extent occupied europe appointment complicated complex situation prior decision turner responsible police security matters formally acknowledge superior received orders hitler priorities improve coordination policies germans yugoslavia concentrated region decision late subject conscription order raise division decision approved hitler days appointment strengthened case belgrade took control police organs control turner grouped consisting commanded overseen shooting serbian jewish males mainly units august end year deputy head belgrade head soon took office embarked thorough organisation police operations occupied territory created police area commands aligned military area commands police districts corresponding military district commands took command forces serbian puppet government known established number auxiliary volunteer police units territory units controlled recruited occupied territory croatia bulgaria greece romania trained planned reach strength men little known activities restricted police matters personal direct mean police security apparatus commanded subject day day direction military jurisdiction organisation restricted matters involving military security territory military operations duties extended matter related strengthening german minority serbia included authority security forces puppet regime collection revenue consolidation existing volunteer units soon arrived belgrade met chief ethnic germans founded manage interests outside borders responsible nazi ideology living space eastern_europe met leader und der discuss formation new division 7th volunteer mountain division plans general conscription meet approval berlin soon took role immediately ran difficulties turner responsible internal affairs operation puppet regime turner proponent strengthening puppet regime making use serbs willing collaborate opposite personal view time belgrade refused support work authorities purely tactical level dislike serbs great favourite slogan said like dead better live reported referred serbs people rats historian describes brutal subordinates april turner wrote self tone personal staff officer stating available jewish men killed women children placed concentration camp went claim arranged help gas van clear camp period fortnight weeks holocaust historian considers claim suspect stating turner reports jewish affairs inaccurate self serving attempt hitler shore position view van dispatched regular requests belgrade remaining jews deported directly local authorities resolve matter van arrived belgrade kept informed asked directions delegated task killing jewish women children turn tasked camp commandant accompany van operated sent van berlin sundays public holidays van collected groups women children camp daily basis drove shooting range outside belgrade trip exhaust cargo area killing occupants arrival range man detachment waiting group seven serbian prisoners belgrade prison prisoners van corpses pre dug mass grave camp jewish women children killed june declared group officers including longer jewish question serbia turner clashed continually sought remove police matters turner including supervision security forces serbian regime response turner fought hard maintain control areas believed way maintain peace security use brutal police methods turner wanted regime replace military administration civil akin governor attempted turner staff downgraded incorporated staff intervention prevented turner approach seriously step considered territory combat zone wanted eliminate overlapping jurisdictions despite initial established good working relationship met regularly supported interests coincided contrast conflict turner soon men sending long letters complaint copies stuck general approach officers resolve differences face face fundamentally opposed attempts turner expand serbian puppet regime including creation sporting organisations opening asserting germany interests breed hostile slavic intelligence reports fueled distrust serbian security forces stating insane arm strong believed lay royalist leader germans regime depths turner personal demonstrated fact agree use funds stolen serbian jews killed half august replaced commander austrian early september filed official report alleging turner breached section state secrets concerned mid september turner issued order staff directing authority staff police matters administrative highly political matters approval events gambling right assembly monitoring commerce dispute hand outside intervention effective october sent belgrade investigate report situation report described behaviour turner die cast october met newly created 7th mildly warning behaviour dismiss impressed new division decisive factor final decision undoubtedly fact dismissal turner command structure embarrassing dismissal personal representative despite fact turner strict far concerns regime serbian population senior member government occupation eventually turner joined turner replacement november turner deputy finally forced turner succeeded legal department chief december redesignated commander chief south commander local command situation change awarded war merit cross 1st class swords january proposed fundamental law serbia effect constitution creating authoritarian state similar long advocated asked agency heads views despite specialists recommending adoption strongly opposed seeing threat german interests passed hitler response received march hitler considered march complained adopted soft policy serbs allowing charge supervision crops considered granted additional powers freedoms serbian puppet regime irresponsible understand real motives groups matters concern formation serbian extension pre war thought turner allowing formation observed spreading royalist propaganda according perspective narrow account foreign policy objectives associated giving power regime end extracted usable military manpower economy administration territory suffering consequence requested release men aged service 7th alternative turned attention minority groups lived including hungarians recommendation people subjected conscription accepted time fled germany engaged dispute membership believed venice agreement meant members transferred prestigious low numbers issued prior hitler seizure power issue hitler decided mark 10th anniversary event tasked private secretary head determine issued strictly limited number mark anniversary accept vienna arrangements determined party membership date june allocated party number decisions qualify old fighter intervene behalf ensure received badge men considered worthy award responsibility pretext constantly interfered operational orders issued 7th september total police forces disposal comprised 5th regiment minus company detached occupied greece seven battalions auxiliary police received weeks training constant employment good relationship continued spring aware reports blaming failure combat partisan threat april wrote complaining soviet prisoners war consulting fact advised serbian described situation impossible observing orders police chain command held responsible matters concerning occupied territory longer ally future clashes powerful individuals occupation regime continued rail german occupation policy fact report different authorities issued contradictory orders attended meeting loyalty germany stating considered reliable fighting communists july august occurred appointed chief military administration staff remained largely independent police security apparatus continued carry requested end june ordered execution prisoners response attack german auxiliary police officers killed seven wounded september new appointed balkans position redundant recalled berlin special envoy arrived belgrade armed orders hitler directing undertake range tasks aimed fight communist forces south east europe orders specifically directed best use local anti communist forces negotiate achieve goal empowered german occupation administration transfer power local like regime orders placed charge decisions carrying local population like found local conditions meant ability carry mandate limited having recently appointed chief military administration far real power good job exploiting serbian economy hand serbs strictly opposed transfer power puppet government resisted attempts conclude agreements fight partisans seeing attempt return turner failed policies main success able achieve significant reduction called totally primitive thesis november area responsibility expanded include german occupied territory montenegro following month arrived belgrade dig burn bodies jewish women children killed end awarded 2nd class february campaign german agreements escalated sharply unusual allies case agreements tended favour particular strongly opposed led grounds upheld previous agreements muslims albania expressed concerns strengthening commander bulgarian 1st occupation corps general opposed agreements increasing objections agreements coincided growing partisan pressure west advance east april finally managed rid catalyst recall public criticism characterised official discipline assisted old nemesis chief longer able work supported campaign superior replaced und der protégé assassinated head und general der immediately prior appointment serving der reserve commanding mountain artillery battalion 13th 1st croatian mid awarded 1st class efforts fighting partisans serbia fate agreed relieve serbia montenegro transferring berlin appointing der und der general inspector intention establishing europe wide known activities role end war fell hands high rank ensured attention investigators interrogated united_states chief counsel june placed yugoslav custody soon involvement carrying executions account behalf publication lists executed meant fate certain far killing jewish women children concerned direct involvement clear according claimed received orders gas van directly berlin carried killings little reference accepts assertion stating independent chain command limited control despite formally responsible subordinates including department killed jewish women children responsible carrying policies saw serbs transported forced labourers ended occupied norway holocaust serbia played little trial belgrade december december sentenced death leading members staff tried time january executed hanging books journals websites
August Meyszner