tunnel norwegian metre long road tunnel county norway tunnel connects island municipality mainland near city municipality bergen crosses underneath reaching metres mean sea level serves fixed link residents islands large number cottage owners vacation islands proposal launched construction started september severe problems encountered area sandstone causing year delay total construction cost nok million opened remained toll road january specifications tunnel runs island mainland bergen carries lanes road fixed link islands connected bridge tunnel metres long reaches mean sea level maximum gradient degrees grade tunnels norway mobile telephone coverage emergency connect operation center tunnel receive coverage future construction geology area thought consist entirely basement rocks similar exposed surrounding islands sediments encountered tunnel included contact underlying sandstone coal fragments spore samples gave age late sequence rocks appear deposited eroded depression caused fault zone later reactivated disrupting causing steep history planning served ferry plans tunnel launched engineer based construction tunnel norway opened meeting place december municipal invited tried support tunnel topic municipal council meeting december council unanimously voted favour establishing committee look tunnel committee established january concluded alternative possibilities build fixed link bridge island tunnel bridge time bridge estimated cost nok million tunnel estimated cost nok million bridge estimated cost nok million included road connection bridge proposals costing nok million connection tunnel having cost nok million earthworks volume tunnel build mole short bridge tests august concluded ground good conditions material laid meter deep albeit times deep meters proposed tunnel crossing followed mountain ridge maximum depth metres topography went steep depths plans presented minister transport communications cooperation started find suitable connection advantage tunnel connect islands chosen build shallow metres wide joined committee proposed tunnel built borrowed money guaranteed land owners islands tolls time project investment list way project dependent public grants september reached agreement borrow estimated nok million bank guarantee income tunnel withdraw permitted invest non shipping investments instead loan taken land owners guarantee nok million judicial registration covering area hectares acres hoped value land increase tunnel built guaranteed public grants secured debt nok million planning municipality paid costs statistics ferry showed cars people taken grown estimates increase given opening bid project gathered gave maximum price nok million given construction started december committee sent official offer company establishment offered fully finance tunnel plans called tolls nok car investment cost nok million plans nearly discarded administration felt impossible community people finance large project grants evident administration spending nok million year ferry service ferry soon replaced increase nok million year october issue considered approved plans followed june involved nok million financed debt nok million financed reduced subsidies ferry plans met criticism locals bergen tunnel emerge stated plans cheap solutions unnecessary negative impact local environment included football field lack noise barriers demanded costs new field paid project tunnel slightly extended new estimate increased price nok million protested stating inferior road technically existing development plans permitted construction noise exceed permitted limits concluded demands remain increased costs terminate project november voted allow tunnel condition tunnel project financed new football field decision appealed lawyers representing local community rejected governor august originally unlimited company attempted established capital locals instead company established september capital nok paid nok nok plans sent october started working proposal parliament january issues raised ministry loans issued land estimated value guaranteed real estate real project presented parliament norway approve toll roads costs estimated nok million including nok million ordinary county grants nok million extraordinary county grants proposal estimated annual toll collection costs nok collection taking place originally planned toll plaza manned meaning passing free night agreement ministry tunnel company county municipality january build tunnel company right collect tolls years fees dictated county municipality pay nok million tunnel county paying rest costs construction responsibility tunnel company responsible financing collection tolls agreement charge nok risk project including expenditures unknown geological conditions similar costs increases responsible insurance reclaim investments proven impossible build tunnel construction construction tunnel started september original plans calling tunnel open june original construction consisted blasting january problems water leaks cracks contractor described common problems building tunnels construction delayed weeks schedule company started blasting mainland problems increased september tunnel leaking imp gal gal minute estimated caused extra work exterior tunnel costs increased tens millions particular different type rock struck tonnes long tons short tons concrete injected giving desired effects september stopped construction continued mainland metres construction found section sandstone upper formation condition encountered tunnel construction geological engineers stated known solution overcoming problem contractor area tunnel filled sand water minutes meeting october geological consulting company presented alternatives continued injection cement recommended freezing recommended time use water tight shield technical committee established december recommended use cement injection combined ring drainage holes tunnel blasting method continually tested insufficient freezing tunnel advanced hole continuously secured carbon reinforced carbon self boring bolts steel ribs pouring work taken meeting march august final blast representatives stated method chosen resulted international interest tunnel demonstrated international tolls auxiliary roads grants given tunnel necessary roads connect caused local controversy people disagreed tolls pay costs connection estimated nok million issue resolved construction tunnel started original costs bridge nok million including metres long bridge clearance meters later reduced metres length meters reduced costs nok million county paid nok million municipalities advanced transporting tunnel sound january tunnel company agreed advance construction costs collect tolls debt february tunnel company agreement operates bergen toll ring collect tolls tunnel automatic toll collection system manual collection system estimated cost nok million year automated system estimated nok million tunnel opened day ferry ran originally plan charge tolls similar ferry manual system possible charge wheeled vehicles passengers vehicles raised slightly cost single passing car ferry tolls set types vehicles charged travel pre paid ticket books bus riders pay extra zones toll plaza open hour week allow people purchase discounted tickets contract construction bridge announced august won wanted nok million job link opened september public meeting held proposed reduce rates instead collection time rejected reported administration costs passing nok small toll companies tolls removed january years months half stipulated time january freight ship ran aground unmarked underwater bank located tunnel accident cost people lives extensive costly oil spill norwegian history attempt avoid similar incidents occurring started blast away bank increasing depth meters allows sailing width increase meters work required covering tunnel removed causing increased leaks tunnel work period project highly controversial plans approved single decisive vote municipal council especially concerned work damage tunnel calculations conducted conclude chance occurring blasting taking place meters tunnel
Bjorøy Tunnel