english extraordinary news places gazette important newspaper record international european newspapers late 17th late 18th century decades 18th century main political newspapers western world published french netherlands time netherlands enjoyed significant freedom press circulation likely exceeded reached background netherlands 18th century tolerant matters freedom press religious freedom compared contemporary countries france great_britain little government interference censorship fled france netherlands reign particularly began publishing french language newspapers french language internationally number european cities covering political news france europe read european elite papers known france foreign contents history paper founded family passed hands family sources vary exact date founded suggesting agree publication continued different published twice week popular unofficial newspaper usually contained pages arranged page booklet size varied surviving examples generally centimetres centimetres centimetres centimetres text organized columns page single column supplement published paper quality varied war time conditions enforced use low quality stock print small cramped france amounted annual cost despite french language publication gazette seen independent france production tolerated encouraged authorities similar publications ends wishing information released official channels paper gave voice institutions like finding difficult publish official french newspaper gazette france like newspapers time gave primarily political commercial information classified source date arrival oldest distant lands coming offered reports international politics wars diplomatic relations coverage major domestic affairs newspaper contained editorials advertising like early newspapers offered main rumors announcements sources presented unification distinguished position french absolute monarchy support religious tolerance including support democratic reforms introduction support american independence polish constitution newspaper preferred praise changes poland polish lithuanian commonwealth france criticizing violence french revolution contrasting peaceful transformation poland relative lack support french revolution explain paper abolished april years invasion netherlands france revolution reappeared october seen longer independent new journal lasted regained audience quality disappeared annexation holland new briefly appeared liberation holland impact circulation reached thousand highest estimates issues copies found moscow istanbul madrid united_states copies shared circulation times higher reaching highest estimates close popular french language newspapers published mainly outside france netherlands germany terms popularity followed gazette amsterdam later referred best europe worth reading said journal read paper impact recognition 18th century compared 19th century new_york_times 20th editors newspaper editors
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