hungary hungarian croatian ukrainian september known andrew jerusalem croatia ruled younger son iii hungary entrusted administration newly conquered andrew rule unpopular expelled property money andrew lead crusade instead andrew forced elder brother king hungary croatia following year andrew occupied despite fact andrew stop dying king andrew guardian son premature death andrew ascended throne according historian socio political turmoil andrew reign relations arrangements institutional framework social categories arose stephen started higher society hungary andrew introduced new grants policy called new institutions giving away money royal estates partisans despite loss royal revenues hungarian monarch adopt title king waged dozen wars seize local neighboring princes prevented conquering participated fifth crusade holy land crusade failure royal servants rose andrew forced issue golden bull confirming privileges led rise nobility listed liberties saxon community employment jews muslims administer royal revenues led conflict holy hungarian andrew pledged respect privileges dismiss non christian officials fulfilled promise andrew wife murdered blatant german stirred discontent native lords daughter elizabeth hungary confirmed holy andrew lifetime andrew death sons accused wife adultery considered son stephen legitimate son andrew early life childhood youth andrew second son king iii wife year andrew birth known modern historians agree born andrew mentioned connection father invasion year invaded request prince expelled subjects forced new prince flee conquering granted andrew captured imprisoned hungary withdrawal returned assistance prince tried expel andrew hungarian hungarians routed united forces group local offered throne distant cousin imprisoned sent reinforcements enabling andrew troops repel attacks andrew reign remained unpopular hungarian soldiers insulted local women respect orthodox churches consequently local allied prince escaped captivity returned duke poland supported expelled andrew august andrew returned hungary defeat receive separate father gave estates money deathbed pledged lead crusade ordered andrew fulfill andrew father died april andrew older brother succeeded duke croatia andrew funds inherited father recruit supporters hungarian lords formed alliance duke austria plotted united troops routed royal army december gave croatia andrew practice andrew administered croatia independent monarch coins granted land confirmed privileges local lords settled province rule taking advantage death andrew invaded occupied land rivers styled grace god duke croatia charters pope innocent iii urged andrew lead crusade andrew hatched new conspiracy help john abbot lords pope threatened failed fulfill father andrew yield conspiracy uncovered march king seized letters written andrew partisans summer royal troops routed andrew army near andrew fled austria papal reconciliation allowed andrew return croatia andrew married father duke owned extensive domains holy roman empire borders andrew son born andrew hopes succeed brother king shattered pope innocent confirmed child position heir crown declaring andrew future sons inherit andrew andrew planned new rebellion brother king captured resistance near october kingdom hungarian army deserted king sided duke andrew men remained king terrified extent insurrection dare urge king hope success advised flee happened day sides drawn close beginning prepare earnest battle wise thought inspiration heaven king found successful way recover right kingdom remain said men stay follow laid weapons taking hand walked slowly enemy ranks passed midst armed multitude cried loud strong voice shall dare raise hand shed blood royal lineage seeing fell daring left wide passage king reached brother took leading outside body troops sent certain castle custody andrew imprisoned fort alexander clan freed early having fallen ill son crowned king august andrew reconciled dying brother entrusted son administration entire kingdom ward reach age majority according nearly contemporaneous nephew guardian king died november andrew governed kingdom regent counted years time brother death showing regarded monarch reign pope innocent told andrew remain loyal instead andrew seized money deposited mother fled hungary taking son austria andrew prepared war duke austria suddenly died vienna reign new institutions campaigns john archbishop crowned andrew king andrew introduced new policy royal grants called new institutions charters distributed large portions royal domain royal castles estates attached grants supporters declaring best measure royal grant new institutions altered relations monarchs hungarian lords previous centuries lord status primarily depended income received services monarch introduction new institutions estates yielded sufficient revenues policy diminished funds authority heads counties appointed monarchs based reign andrew intensely interested internal affairs launched campaign recapture request intervened prince allies behalf child prince allies forced withdraw andrew adopted title king demonstrating claim andrew returned hungary distant cousin seized mother fled poland suggested visit andrew sent gifts andrew attacking behalf according chronicle rebellious brother soon came hungary seeking andrew assistance roman returned expelled help hungarian auxiliary troops andrew confirmed liberties towns split issued new charter listing privileges split taking advantage conflict andrew sent troops command son captured occupied instead appointing new prince andrew governor tortured addicted according chronicle offered throne prince overthrow invaded defeat brothers bishop henry_ii fled hungary accused participating murder andrew granted large domains region slovakia youngest brother archbishop ban croatia andrew wife german relatives local lords according historian anonymous author deeds hungarians referred germans mentioned romans gaze goods hungary lost liberated recaptured town year later reconciled brother early united forces army hungarians sent sons bearing gifts king hungary andrew according chronicle group hungarian lords offered crown andrew cousins sons andrew uncle lived greek land cousins envoys captured split early andrew sent army commanded count romania assist bulgaria fight rebellious time hungarian troops occupied belgrade lost bulgaria andrew army defeated andrew granted romania knights defend easternmost regions encourage conversion catholicism group alarmed acts asked andrew restore ruler andrew allies poland princes sent armies restored local expelled mother persuaded andrew personally lead army captured influential took hungary andrew withdrew offered throne expelled mother andrew departed new campaign summer absence hungarian lords german entourage captured murdered september heard murder andrew returned hungary ordered execution murderer peter son peter including receive severe group hungarian lords andrew called letters plotting andrew crown eldest son year old failed force andrew consent coronation andrew poland signed treaty alliance obliged andrew second son marry poland daughter andrew jointly invaded prince agreed poland following year andrew returned captured poland soon reconciled jointly invaded forced flee hungary new officer state treasurer responsible administration royal chamber onwards royal revenues significantly diminished advice treasurer son andrew imposed new taxes farmed royal income salt trade custom duties yearly exchange coins produced revenue royal chamber measures provoked discontent hungary andrew signed new treaty alliance poland summer andrew son invaded expelled restored year andrew met grand prince serbia serbia persuaded negotiate henry latin emperor constantinople uncle andrew second wife crowned king serbia andrew planned invade serbia brother according versions andrew crusade july newly elected pope iii called andrew fulfill father lead crusade andrew postponed crusade times finally agreed modern historians andrew hoped decision increase likelihood elected wife uncle emperor henry died june according letter written envoys actually informed andrew planned elect father law peter emperor barons elected peter summer andrew sold royal estates finance campaign wider renounced claim favor secure shipping army entrusted hungary archbishop john gave croatia prior july andrew departed accompanied austria duke army large mounted soldiers stayed andrew men embarked split months later ships transported acre landed october leaders crusade included john king jerusalem austria held war council acre andrew leading meeting early november launched campaign jordan river forcing sultan egypt withdraw fighting returned acre andrew participate military actions instead collecting relics including water allegedly marriage heads right hands aaron rod thomas report certain evil men acre passed poisoned drink reliable andrew inactivity illness andrew decided return home beginning latin patriarch jerusalem threatened andrew visited tripoli participated marriage january tripoli travelled leo armenia andrew youngest son andrew leo daughter isabella andrew proceeded arriving turkey cousins sons uncle attacked arranged marriage oldest son daughter emperor arrived bulgaria andrew detained gave daughter united marriage bulgaria according andrew returned hungary late andrew crusade achieved brought honor according historian oliver james 13th century authors blamed andrew failure crusade returned hungary andrew complained pope kingdom miserable destroyed state deprived revenues group barons expelled archbishop john hungary andrew massive debt crusade forced impose high taxes invaded captured andrew son andrew compromised released andrew youngest son namesake daughter group lords persuaded andrew eldest son duke croatia andrew employed jews muslims administer royal revenues caused andrew holy starting early urged andrew queen prohibit muslims employing christians andrew confirmed privileges including exemption taxes right exclusively judged church courts prohibited castle folk early new conflict emerged andrew holy persuaded separate wife immense crowd approached andrew june demanding grave things according letter pope actually royal servants landowners directly subject monarch power obliged fight royal army assembled forcing andrew dismiss officials andrew forced issue royal charter charter summarized liberties royal servants including exemption taxes jurisdiction clause golden bull authorized bishops barons nobles realm common resist monarch honor provisions charter clearly distinguished royal servants king subjects led rise hungarian nobility commonly compared england similar charter sealed years earlier significant difference england settlement strengthened position royal subjects hungary aristocracy came dominate crown lower orders conflicts son church andrew discharged restored second half following year urged andrew launch new crusade report reliable andrew took cross intended launch new crusade sources mention event andrew planned arrange new marriage eldest son reconciliation wife autumn angered andrew fled austria returned bishops persuaded andrew forgive andrew confirmed privileges inhabited region southern romania following year launched campaign attempted eliminate knights forced leave neighboring lands andrew envoys austria signed treaty june ended armed conflicts hungarian austrian border treaty paid damages troops caused hungary andrew oldest son duke given andrew second son started expanding inhabited lands east andrew launched campaign refused grant andrew youngest son despite previous compromise andrew besieged captured fortresses troops routed forcing withdraw despite victories ceded andrew son early andrew authorized son revise previous land grants supported efforts confiscated domains taken conspiracy murder proposal andrew confirmed privileges subjected robert archbishop complaint andrew holy andrew continued employ jews muslims authorized archbishop perform acts religious persuade andrew dismiss non christian officials andrew issued new confirmed muslims banned employment empowered king failed honor provisions new second half year andrew invaded restored youngest son andrew throne archbishop robert hungary february employment jews muslims continued despite archbishop accused muslims andrew seize church property andrew restored properties archbishop soon suspended andrew demand pope gregory sent cardinal hungary promised pope special authorization andrew departed support youngest son fight continued negotiations papal august forests vowed employ jews muslims royal revenues pay marks compensation church revenues andrew repeated oath september andrew duke austria signed peace treaty late andrew widowed married year old sons sharply opposed marriage john hungary new half andrew dismissed non christian officials despite oath andrew archbishop robert protested bishop act holy years laid siege andrew youngest son died siege autumn andrew stormed austria summer forcing duke frederick pay damages troops caused raiding hungary andrew demand pope gregory declared august andrew sons authorization holy andrew died september buried family andrew wife born according historian child mary born wife bulgaria andrew eldest son born later succeeded father king younger sister born married died andrew life andrew second son born son andrew born andrew ruled short period years wife murdered andrew married born child born married james andrew wife married gave birth son stephen andrew death andrew older sons accused adultery considered child grandson andrew monarch
Andrew II of Hungary