designed romanian inventor unconventional aircraft powered fan called turbo experimental engine consisted conventional engine driving multi bladed exhausted unusual aircraft attracted attention paris october exhibit propeller aircraft displayed afterward fell public awareness similar turbo drive snow develop aircraft decades later practical demonstration began tell conflicting stories early experiments jet turbo engine complete fuel claimed single brief flight december crashing takeoff aircraft destroyed fire aviation historians countered version events saying proof engine proof aircraft flew brought drawings forward prove claim shown recently reworked differing substantially originals aviation historians dismissive saying turbo design involved weak stream plain air powerful jet air expanding fuel based notion invented jet centennial jet aircraft celebrated romania special coin stamp issued construction began working replica aircraft exhibition commemorated building testing early developments interested achieving propelled flight early conducting tests rockets attached model aircraft arsenal secret germany successfully tested flying machine equipped single tractor propeller counter rotating propellers providing lift powered horsepower engine positioned fuselage smaller rear lift propeller mounted vertically larger inclined slightly forwards degrees according later claims tested aircraft witnessed chancellor german time interest jet propulsion began claiming aircraft jet propelled model displayed december indoor sports arena berlin continued studies belgium roommate friend built box based plans designed previously studied employed technical director end year help car manufacturer built present flown belgium 1910s opening constructions november moved paris continuation belgian experiments especially looking way test wing higher speeds contacted founder turn directed assistance gained approval test different wing configurations air resistance platform built locomotive railway march started flying lessons helped started build slender unusual powerplant workshop courtyard house tested thrust powerplant tests described detail april edition technique filed patents mechanism aircraft later additions existing patents exhibited aircraft commonly referred paris salon paris flight salon held october november aircraft devices aerodynamic experiments placed solitary state upstairs gallery separated usual types aircraft main exhibition floor aircraft construction novelty time contrast described july patent application exhibit complicated construction return solved lateral stability control issues wings held place points tubular steel flying wires according description wings built metal existing photographs construction completely wooden internal structure trailing edges upper wing twisted separately lateral control braking landing controlled seat open cockpit fuselage painted reddish brown highly polished described magazine having framework steel construction photographs indicate wooden framework triangular cross section convex ribs edged strips steel strengthened covering heat shaped tubular engine cooling located cockpit vertical wings secured fuselage steel fixed screws fuselage terminated control surfaces angles vertical horizontal triangular surfaces rear tail controlled pair large vii style steering wheels mounted outside cockpit pitch directional control early instance known forward tail small horizontal fuel tank located fuselage engine cockpit remarkable feature aircraft powerplant instead propeller water cooled internal engine built workshop funding placed forward section fuselage drove gearbox rpm turned rpm drew air expelled compression added heat diameter centimetres located fuselage according later descriptions cast aluminium components create powerplant weight kilograms equivalent power weight ratio kilowatts kilogram considerable achievement time 1910s era patents describe engine exhaust gases routed heating channels heat contact central air flow inlet reduce pressure engine adding heat mass turbo claimed capable generating lbf thrust powerplant referred reports time different terms turbine propellers turbo fan turbine aviation reporters technique doubtful powerplant provide sufficient thrust engine noted reprinted aircraft remarkably small proportions relation size machine writer said turbo claimed enormous wind velocity intake area small produce stated thrust appears enormous power necessary drive supplied reportedly sold october daily newspaper wrote aircraft constructed workshops fly weeks near paris piloted pilots celebrated aviation meeting newspaper listed aircraft november sold twice expressed willingness buy aircraft tests carried exhibition reaction observers mixed doubted aircraft fly focused likely machines design gave special notice calling original ingenious reporter wrote absence definitive trials permitting precise yield machine doubt premature propeller tentative interesting watch closely official exhibition report ignored turbo engine instead described novel wing design unusual november wrote machine develop inventor hoped beautiful dream exhibition aircraft moved workshop les testing work reflected additions powerplant related patents december group modern day romanian investigators led having examined photographs concluded featured exhibition hybrid described initial patent shown later patent application felt exhibition machine simpler director system different smaller intake cone exhaust gas heat transfer system implemented according techniques propulsion system generated lbf thrust generate thrust aircraft estimated lbf spin turbine speed rpm risk exploding tried concluded experiment proved solution worked perfectly writing magazine january recalled previous exhibition machine chief attraction salon wrote answered pressing questions turbo powered aircraft earlier exhibit telling machine attained speed kilometres hour mph flight tests answer reserved judgment waiting confirmation related developments additional turbo patent application dated december implemented double seat commissioned russia help boat maker motor manufacturer supervised building motor powered engine driving turbo blessed russian orthodox priests plant near paris december starting day exhibited weeks 12th france alongside powered automobiles stand number automobile general interest magazines published photographs sketches second time autumn version turbo design shown grand paris periodicals reported expected speed mph account exists tested continued work project beginning aiming improve stability increase power turbo implement improvements applied new patents aerodynamic investigations improvements described different system attachment wings enabled changes angle attack centre gravity aimed obtain power propulsion system design drawings arrangement air cooled engines sides fuselage placement engines indicates intend fuel jet stream cooling engines compromised patent additional claim july brought significant changes including addition retractable landing gear inside aerodynamic removal horizontal supporting surface provided engine accessories covered improve continued study propulsion mechanisms believes implemented practical solution lack funds filed english language patents turbo design united_kingdom united_states second french language patent filed switzerland described publication expensive project costing million left limited funds possibility new contract french government lead build wished win army organised competition october required engines aircraft fail safe strategy aviation salon paris displayed scale model aircraft engines mounted connected gear single bladed propeller strange combination engines connected propeller originally intended drive new turbine unable fund trials assembly provide traction bladed propeller ordered mounting support engines initially intended jet propulsion version adequate new configuration forward chassis modified writing magazine january said new aircraft retained fuselage frame wing design turbo wooden surface including forward longitudinal ribs aircraft flown october modest results latest modifications especially related powerplant compensate increased total weight aircraft military contest meet requirements independent operation engine following exhibition personal request sir moved united_kingdom position chief engineer chief designer british years decades worked great variety world war revived earlier turbo engine contracted german_army late develop air propulsion system military ambulance snow like russian grand duke german contract concluded year yielding plans production experimented variety said achieved degree success engine style fuel injection air stream attempted aircraft absent aviation literature day annual issues jane world aircraft mentioned turbo powerplant soviet engineer mention volume jet rocket engines written late 1920s early later claims beginning jet age potential engines recognised number histories jet engine written classified study completed described probably flown featuring mechanical jet propulsion device heat engine furnished auxiliary jet propulsion editorial lead article augmented flow flight terms scarcely jet year chronicled technological development book gas turbines jet propulsion aircraft mention aviation des authors assert flew jet aircraft les metres ending crash flight treatment aircraft years wright brothers flight included fan said believes took feet came broke teeth quoting letter editor flight discussion paris end world war said definitely confirm power unit fan type similar basic principles aircraft 1930s referring early 1950s began claim flown aircraft powerplant fuel injection create thrust number aviation articles presented version events said took crashed december presence aircraft makers spoke subject notably new_york hotel january said intended fuel air stream ignited exhaust gases circular vent implying finished powerplant wrote story issue flying based personal interview article flew interviewed wrote contradictory story september saying flown unusual aircraft december fuel certainly injected jet flight world relation interview aircraft stalled throwing clear gently collapsed ground burned wrote aircraft engine designed friend specification burning exhaust directed fuselage protected vulnerable places jet age published article entitled jet flight submitted text written flying december brought airplane hangar les bit started motor admit outstanding pilot unable shake vague morning addition usual excited climbed cockpit accelerated motor felt power jet thrust plane forward gave signal remove wheel blocks plane started moving slowly ahead anticipated attempt fly today ground tests small field les controls loose injected fuel turbine moment surrounded flames cut reduce power quickly worked throttle flames subsided opportunity lift head saw plane gained speed walls ancient fortifications bordering field pulled stick hard moment plane airborne upward steep angle flying felt plane slipping wing cut gas left hand jet fuel right thing knew found thrown free plane slowly came burst flames impossible determine wreckage fuel cause fire test flown jet airplane collection aviation stories published friend wrote eyewitness day flew crashed chapter book describes group french watched twice airfield lifted avoid ruins old fortification wall started flames engine applying power thrown aircraft moment hit wall badly hurt version fuel tank overhead wing metal statements said aircraft leading edge slots retractable landing gear fuel supply held overhead wing reduce fuselage profile drag presented set drawings photographs specifications aircraft prepared received director early aviation curator rocket engineer worked alongside interviewed magazine flying printed account written described landing gear lower wing fuel tank hidden upper wing wrote flew december described heat jet powerplant mounted aircraft 1980s death wrote magazine article book mentioning aircraft including new details master mechanic friend helped build turbo december flight included group eyewitness french heat shields metal plates aft engine intended flight steep climb stall thrown clear aircraft crashing ground burning gave assessment elements true jet patent application indication critical stage injection fuel compressed air wrote jet propelled aircraft existence early time pure jet aircraft flight germany historian emeritus interviewed related december flight accident seated cockpit intending test factors aircraft structure engine wing lift balance controls said heat engine fantastic placed sheets plates direct jet blast away wooden fuselage wrote aircraft began forward rise ground exhaust flame instead outward curved inward ignited aircraft interview said brought aircraft earth control landing abrupt thrown clear airframe consumed completely flame engine reduced white powder aviation historian london reacted mid-1950s assertion built flew jet engine aircraft wrote recently arisen controversy machine designed born french exhibited paris salon october recently accepted wood wings powered engine driving turbo form large simple air fan fan fitted right machine nose covered nose engine resulting jet plain air propel wrote claims flew tested time story flying suddenly appeared 1950s aircraft obscurity wrote airfield les military exercise ground test supposedly took place constant observation owned french aviation reporters photographers aviation experts countries said airfield famous observed reported airfield paris events let exciting crash destruction fire carried local papers described military reports contemporary accounts exist tested flown destroyed smith countered point point saying aircraft retractable leading trailing edge wing slots fuel tank overhead wing fuel injected turbine smith pointed pilot killed heat initiated engine air stream smith wrote account unsuccessful machine strictly speaking exhibited october wood construction fully wings look robust like fuselage tail unit equipped reaction propulsion unit consisting engine driving large fan enclosed covered nose machine engine fan simple air fan driving air form jet inevitably earth bound aircraft stands size attempt jet propelled wrote thought speculated basis evidence absence aircraft tested flown find concrete evidence support position similarly unable find concrete proof test flight wrote check french patents claimed describing retractable gear leading edge wing slot upper wing fuel tank photographs private collections demonstrating aspects wrote historian examined drawings specifications prepared wrote article claim wholly new description inner workings machine occur accounts given 1910s patent specifications said told conflicting stories claimed flight produced set altered drawings proof claims differences version story earlier marked hardly need pointed obvious ones planned versus completely accidental flight immediate flight versus busy field thrown plane stalled versus pitched forward landing apart personal bestowed museum drawings illustrations turbo drawings internal details machine unfortunately modern obviously executed 1960s worse fuel injection outlet tubes aft end turbine later addition original drawings brief drawings constitute evidence claim article winter wondered add novel feature fuel injection air stream patent applications feature present supposed flying experience months earlier winter noted august patent french essentially ones english descriptions applicable air water flowing device meaning patents possibly include fuel jet stream noted mention early patents heat shields fuel injection looking aviation periodicals paris newspapers reporting month december winter found spell bad weather flying took place situation occurred mid month period covering conflicting dates december said aircraft tested flown crashed regular foreign aviation news column flight magazine reported blank period weather ended 19th tested aircraft tests activities listed mention machine winter found italian civil aviation engineer working turbo style aviation engine attempted aircraft engine milan took patents machine wrote appearance engine called general attention designs like death modern reference books aviation history represent ways mention machine inventor acknowledge effect honour designing jet engine power aircraft manned flight honour completing jet engine capable flight book authors state aircraft jet aviation author changed mind years publishing book gave credit jet engine description began built engine instead turning propeller drove blowing air rear thrust said kilograms figure author december aircraft powered inadvertently airborne crashed burned called turbine significance aircraft mentioned later decided switch propeller publication world encyclopedia engines major aircraft power plants wright brothers present day include include jane world encyclopedia engines director prolific aviation author mentions passing times works discusses briefly books leading edge professor scientific work designed built jet aircraft like martin built technically advanced fly later magazine article described details romanian inventor attempted fly primitive jet aircraft cylinder internal engine drive revolutions minute equipped today called producing estimated pounds thrust countless loyal fans insist airplane flew merely crashed jane encyclopedia aviation included entry aircraft calling turbine describing world jet propelled aircraft fly winter authored book fellow curator der years flight chronicle history book described unsuccessful fan aircraft lacking documentation flight test history aviation wrote development jet broadly story men sir von description disputed test flight agreed fuel injection initiated vent novel detail aircraft flew thousand feet crashing wall 24th papers presented included sentence world famous inventor pioneer jet flight space engineering owes model planes provided rocket engine construction engine experiment jet aircraft popular book wrote powerplant earliest attempts jet engine unsuccessful incapable actual flight unlike engines designed question jet aircraft appear resolved supporting view built true jet probably argued 2000s romanian aviation experts investigated existing photographs leading believe aircraft presented exhibition finished exhibited published technical work book said unfinished state aircraft led filing extra patents starting new series studies aim making machine instance wrote exhaust pipes engine appeared free devices exhaust gases turbine described patent heat shields crew protection central attachment tubular holding wings fuselage mere secured screws judged appearing potentially unsafe landing considerable loads shaped covered high angles horizontal making high speed taxi machine danger nose memorials models size replica built displayed scale model displayed paris airport site historic les airfield large plaque lists pioneers flight closely associated airfield later plaque romanian aviation engineer placed nearby building auspices mayor les france construction sized functional replica plane began march romania team engineers test pilots replica based plans reworked plans lost uses metal fuselage wood intended engine true jet 1960s era military trainer october issued commemorative silver coin centennial building jet aircraft piece intended coin collectors official purchase price set represents aircraft portrait reverse including romanian words translate jet aircraft month section produced limited edition stamp commemorating centennial jet aircraft stamp presents modern internal drawing quote boy born years early december president opened centennial exhibition celebrating building testing specifications data contemporary pamphlet general characteristics crew length wingspan wing area gross weight powerplant cylinder water cooled engine developing rpm driving lbf thrust
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