rule law doctrine singapore singapore rule law doctrine topic considerable disagreement debate largely differing doctrine generally divided categories developed legal academics thin formal conception thick substantive conception rule law thin conception associated legal scholars advocates view rule law fulfilled formal procedures requirements laws prospective clear stable enacted parties legal disputes treated equally bias judges people thin conception dismiss importance content law view matter substantive justice regarded concept rule law hand thick conception rule law notion addition requirements thin rule necessary law conform certain substantive standards justice human rights thin conception rule law generally adopted members parliament ruling evidenced views expressed parliamentary debate rule law thicker conception minister law speech seasonal meeting singapore hand thick conception rule law encompasses human rights adopted number government critics including opposition politicians foreign international organizations key principles associated thin conception rule law include judicial independence natural justice availability judicial review accessibility justice judicial independence singapore constitutional provisions legal rules commentators highlighted certain events suggesting lack judicial independence incident 1980s involving transfer senior district judge attorney general chambers following decision favourable opposition politician investigated commission inquiry found executive interference singapore natural justice generally regarded procedural substantive concept process judicial review involves review executive actions compliance administrative law rules executive legislative acts light doctrine constitutional supremacy state courts legal processes singapore largely seen making justice accessible taking thick conception rule law existence internal security act cap widely regarded breach doctrine act provides detention trial people regarded executive risk national security shielded article constitution held case minister home affairs courts review legality act effect case reversed amendments constitution amendments determined effective high_court court appeal lung minister respectively executive largely discretion criticized contrary rule law government justified statute crucial measure resort preserving security introduction attempts define rule law academics years come ideas doctrine mean range views roughly divided categories thin formal conception thick substantive conception rule law thin conception rule law thin conception rule law advocates view rule law fulfilled formal procedures requirements people thin conception content law says hey matter substantive justice substantive justice independent ideal sense ideal rule law thin conception rule law associated academics according rule law regarded points view absolute supremacy regular law person judged fixed set rules punished law subject exercise persons authority wide arbitrary powers legal equality universal classes law administered ordinary courts fact constitution result ordinary law land words source consequence citizens rights expressed similar view expanding concept article said sense rule law means people obey law ruled hand narrower construction rule law means government shall ruled subjected law doctrine rule law requires making particular laws guided open relatively stable general rules law capable guiding behaviour subjects people find law act accordingly number important principles spring basic idea rule law divided groups principles ensure law capable guiding subjects behaviour principles establishing legal machinery secure compliance rule law principles ensuring law capable guiding behaviour laws prospective open clear meaning law ambiguous vague obscure law sufficiently publicized furthermore laws generally law enacted fact going known certain ensure clash rule law laws relatively stable changed frequently changing laws hard people updated people need know law long term planning making particular specific laws guided open stable clear general rules create stable framework types general rules authorities orders provide guidelines proper exercise powers principles establishing legal machinery secure compliance rule law judicial independence essential futile people approach courts disputes courts apply law independently people guided law judges apply correctly natural justice adhered law applied correctly requirements open fair hearing absence bias essential courts power review primary subsidiary legislation administrative action courts accessible cases delayed long periods legal costs effectively turn law dead letter ability effectively guide oneself law crime preventing agencies police authorities discretion act allowed law example police allowed decide stop investigating prosecution allowed choose prosecute certain crimes certain categories offenders view virtues rule law restraint authorities aims exclude arbitrary power said exercises arbitrary power violate rule law arbitrary power excluded courts hold law observe fairly strict procedures virtue protection individual freedom sense freedom identified effective ability choose options possible importantly adhere rule law respect human dignity treating humans persons capable planning plotting future identified potential rule law opined rule law designed harm freedom dignity law cause pursuit goals strict pursuit rule law prevent achieving certain social goals rule law sacrificing social goals altar rule law law barren thick conception rule law extreme thick rule law notion addition requirements thin rule necessary law conform certain substantive standards justice human rights leading scholars advocating thick conception rule law defines terms rights conception rule law follows assumes citizens moral rights duties respect political rights state insists moral political rights recognized positive law enforced demand individual citizens courts judicial institutions familiar type far rule law conception ideal rule accurate public conception individual rights distinguish rule book conception rule law substantive justice contrary requires ideal law rules book capture enforce moral rights view drew conclusions rejects need distinguish legal rules complete political philosophy rule law basically theory law believes correct secondly rule law simply thin formal rule law forms theory law taking substantive view rule law requires choosing best theory justice necessary articulate particular liberty equality freedoms require rule law taken singapore thin conception november member parliament moved following motion parliament house recognises importance rule law urges government ensure complete compliance rule law ministers officials public servants ensuing debate members parliament mps ruling tended adhere thinner formal conception rule law instance minister state law said short rule law refers supremacy law opposed arbitrary exercise power key equal law concept includes notions transparency prospective application laws observation principles natural justice independence judiciary judicial review administrative action group representation constituency commented rule law required laws prospective stable properly enacted application laws making legal orders public officers guided clear general rules avoiding personal bias favour treating equal cases equally making decisions public interest accordance written laws land particular principle laws obviously laws applied obviously laws applied public officers legal orders legal orders subsidiary legislation subsidiary legislation sanctioned parent acts primary legislation order issuing legitimate comply rule law unhappy aspect principle rule law judiciary power authority review administrative action principle final principle judiciary independent courts generally accessible seek chin moved amendment motion introduced read house values importance rule law government rule law ensuring fully observed amendment motion eventually voted agreed majority mps parliament speech october session entitled singapore rule law seasonal meeting singapore minister said try define rule law academic viewpoint practically speaking key aspects society based rule law following exercise state power laws publicly known enacted legitimately independent credible courts apply law decide disputes individuals individuals state separation powers person law apply equal measure government officials credible effective means people challenge arbitrary exercise power thicker conception rule law added people accepted additional elements modern society structured felt strict definition rule law elements people sovereign right elect government laws society norms justice thick conception number critics adopted thick substantive conception rule law encompasses protection human rights chapter entitled rights rule law book dare change member later secretary general criticized things government use internal security act persons trial lack freedom speech assembly open letter published website dated january addressed chief justice attorney general said rule law system government passes legislation concept rule law limitation state power respect human rights constitution spells limitations defines rights citizen speech delivered november cited free media rights free expression peaceful assembly essential elements rule law november parliamentary debate rule law traced doctrine said found particularly article article respectively protect rights life personal liberty equality rights noted court judgment public prosecutor held phrases accordance law equality law constitution term law mean acts passed parliament includes fundamental rules natural justice accepted parcel common law cited instances government alleged non compliance rule law including detention trial inter criminal law temporary provisions act denial right arrested persons counsel visits families period time denial rights freedom speech assembly tendency executive provide reasons decisions opposition complained government treated opposition parties fairly regards applications events criticisms state freedom speech assembly singapore appear reports foreign international organizations report rule law singapore alleged bankruptcy law political opposition expressed concern stringent limits freedom assembly detention rule law index defined rule law rules based system following universal principles upheld government officials agents law laws clear publicized stable fair protect fundamental rights including security persons property process laws enacted administered enforced accessible fair efficient access justice provided competent independent ethical attorneys representatives judicial officers sufficient number adequate resources reflect makeup communities serve emphasis added singapore ranked highly factors order security ranking countries assessed absence corruption effective criminal justice highly open government limited government powers fundamental rights particular index noted country outstanding performance categories substantial limitations freedom speech freedom assembly singapore 49th 60th place respectively countries january commented negatively restrictions rights free speech assembly association limitations print broadcast online media outdoor gatherings contempt court proceedings online citizen blog political association preventing receiving foreign funding criticized existence use punishment continued sexual acts men section code described report inaccurate containing false compliance rule law principles singapore principles associated thin conception judicial independence identified judicial independence essential principles rule law context judicial independence refers judiciary independence legislative executive branches government singapore judiciary enjoys certain measure independence provided constitutional security tenure judges relatively free executive legislative influence retired supreme_court judge said theoretically possible executive political appointments bench reduce judge constitution away judiciary vital support staff fact remains kind provisions constitution guarantee independence supreme_court judiciary article judicial power exclusively courts judicial power solely exercised judiciary executive legislature reflecting independence branches government article ensures office supreme_court judge abolished office article provides judges security tenure age years barring inability body mind cause prevents judges properly functions office judge removed office grounds president advice tribunal judges supreme_court hold held equivalent offices commonwealth article provides terms office supreme_court judges altered disadvantage following appointment article parliamentary debate conduct supreme_court judge substantive motion supported quarter mps argued commentators singapore falls short aspects judicial independence concerned instance supreme_court judges age term basis suggested result possibility judges executive point raised parliament respect chief justice academic pointed removing entirely system extensions serve larger interest end day excellent judges retire mandatory requirement judges enjoy security tenure enjoyed supreme_court judges officers said risk executive interference judges removed judicial positions transferred lower ranking positions senior district judge acquitted opposition member parliament minor charge case involving allegedly handled overturned appeal high_court ordered took place transferred position bench attorney general chambers post deputy public prosecutor considered claimed parliament transfer ruled favour case commission inquiry formed look circumstances surrounding transfer found evidence making allegation referred parliament parliamentary privilege committee considering matter wrote committee proceedings sent residents constituency october leader house written complaint contents speaker parliament committee considered january parliament accepted committee reports complaints found guilty privileges parliament alleging executive interference judiciary contempt publishing fines totalling imposed concern raised routine judges executive judicial branches result ing executive ideology carrying judiciary hand potential executive interference exists control judicial appointments commented small state like singapore practical separate judicial legal service appointment process detrimental independence lower judiciary chief justice executive legislature head final judicial noted institutional processes play judicial independence ultimately willingness judiciary stand executive legislative influence important factor ensuring independent judiciary incident said affected judicial independence singapore parliament amend constitution reverse effect decision minister discussed detail asked parliament taken away absolutely judicial power review detention cases reflected legislature distrust independence judiciary ability deal cases affect national security notwithstanding limited form judicial review laid commentator framed attack judiciary simply removes vital aspect judicial power judicial credibility natural justice noted generally natural justice fundamental element rule law administrative law principles natural justice constitute framework common law procedural rights rule bias man judge cause right heard hear australian case gas fuel corporation victoria pipeline contractors ltd said ideas underlying principles judgement fair hearing given parties speaking parliament november expressed view singapore legal system apply rules natural justice described justice requires essentially basic principles right heard explain case right equal treatment right case heard means review noted previously word law provisions constitution articles includes fundamental rules natural justice suggested fundamental rules procedural substantive nature substantive natural justice gives courts discretion strike law object oppressive view interpret article permitting parliament enact provision individual personal liberty matter arbitrary oppressive long procedural natural justice observed drains content instead legislation manner seen judiciary legislature sphere application substantive natural justice simply exercise judiciary proper constitutional role lee singapore courts follow indian courts apply test determine legislation constitutional ultimately able review legislation applying substantive aspect natural justice courts examine appropriate legislature individual certain aspects personal liberty manner achieved conversely argued idea substantive natural justice vague taken view fundamental rules natural justice entirely procedural nature opinion article constitution designed prevent legislation determine legislation rational test applied strange legislation passed test nonetheless struck natural justice extension article include natural justice shows intended apply natural justice substantive sense support argument found decision public prosecutor discussed fundamental rules natural justice procedural context stating consider consequence alteration certain statutory provisions procedure trial criminal offences contrary fundamental rule natural justice substantive review legislation court rejected public prosecutor court appeal holding law provides person life personal liberty valid binding long passed parliament court concerned fair reasonable subsequently attorney general court held fundamental rules natural justice principles natural justice administrative law nature function operate different levels legal order legislation ground administrative decisions ground administrative law principles judicial review judicial review means legal rights protected good governance enforced ability courts review legislation administrative action considered element rule law acting visitor judge said judicial review exercise court inherent power common law determine action word uphold rule law singapore vital role judiciary plays check executive power noted held power given law legal limits rule law demands courts able examine exercise power illustrated law society singapore stated discretion subject judicial review curtailed exercised bad faith purposes constitutional rights minister high_court held genuinely seek court assistance determining legitimate court duty assess accord proper consideration determining relief granted chief justice said role courts singapore rights whilst simultaneously playing supporting role promotion good governance clear rules principles executive conform rule law noted judicial review cases singapore successful certain matters regarded judicial review owing limitations courts institutional capacity courts generally reluctant involved affairs relating national security leaving role government time courts committed careful scrutiny matters decide non affirmed lee ltd case held courts exclude matters involving high policy cases carefully determine truly fell areas executive immunity limitations role court led rational conclusion certain areas excluded judicial review include matters court lacks expertise held attorney general accessibility justice generally justice costly provide legal systems especially asia issues weak legal institutions corrupt incompetent administrative officers judges excessive delays limited access justice stemming high legal costs lack legal aid agreed access justice key advancing rule law extent citizens access justice given society depends thick thin conception rule law adopted speaking thin conception proposed rule law requires courts accessible legal system bare minimum comprise formal institutions mechanisms appropriate legal processes outcomes legal system thin rule law requires laws fairly equally effectively applied hand thick conception rule law taken greater emphasis placed elements substantive justice suggested legal system operating addition basic elements access justice thin rule law incorporate moral political philosophy incorporate ideas democracy legality precedence human rights administration justice access justice operating thick rule law achieved things increasing efficiency judicial process having robust legal profession independent judiciary set supporting institutions order increase quality justice administered singapore ensuring widespread equal access justice singapore citizens constant goal respect judiciary takes effort ensure procedural substantive elements rule law fulfilled firstly continually increasing efficiency courts legal processes secondly regularly improving skills knowledge values judges singapore courts undertook enormous task clearing extremely large order facilitate singapore future development international business finance centre approach adopted dispose cases including things appointment judges judicial commissioners use information technology electronic filing documents promoting use alternative dispute resolution efforts significantly management cases supreme_court particular specialized courts small claims set better distribution cases helped significantly reduce court fees increasing institutional capacity efficiency courts improving access justice singapore meant need corresponding increase quality justice administered efforts achieve goal centre mainly appointment best officers particular constant upgrading skills knowledge judicial excellence purpose set provide guidance training programmes workshops members judiciary supported training unit efforts aim upgrade judges equip knowledge handling increasingly complex cases today relatively barriers court access availability legal aid free services aid able afford legal fees use video links establishment regional offices small claims parts singapore assist parties difficulty coming court principles associated thick conception criticisms internal security act indicated number adopt thick conception rule law singapore criticize existence internal security act main point contention section act interpreted objective way provision states president satisfied respect person view preventing person acting manner security singapore thereof maintenance public order essential services necessary minister home affairs shall order person things detained trial years minister high_court affirmed respect president satisfaction person acting manner security singapore bad faith issue context act power conferred act body president act accordance advice cabinet direct issue order detention president satisfied view preventing person acting manner security singapore etc essentially means president satisfaction objective effect decision constitution left executive judiciary decide national security required subsequently minister home affairs court appeal took different stand holding objective test apply review exercise discretion sections section minister direct detention order suspended minister sees fit direction court said notion discretion contrary rule law power legal limits exercise power examination court following decision parliament moved quickly curb judiciary change stance act enacted january came force january particular section declared law governing judicial review decision act power conferred president minister provisions act shall applicable declared singapore 13th day july law date country commonwealth relating judicial review shall apply section contained clause restricted scope judicial review question relating compliance procedural requirements governing acts decisions president home affairs minister amendments retrospective section meant applied judicial review proceedings started amendment act came force addition constitution amended constitution republic singapore amendment act prevent act challenged unconstitutional article inserted constitution effect issue executive decision came court constitutional amendment came force january court decide issue according new provisions introduced amendments article amended add articles list fundamental liberties challenged extend effect amendments validity amendments challenged unsuccessfully high_court respectively minister home affairs high_court held amendments merely reaffirmed legal principles laid characterized contrary rule law having judicial power judicial power erroneous contend rule law abolished legislation parliament stated absolute conclusive judgment applications judicial review actions parliament enact rule law relating law applicable judicial review legislation direct court enter particular judgment dismiss particular case court left deal case basis amendments legislation designed necessarily include provisions ensure effectiveness detention amendments intended appeal court appeal confirmed decide case accordance legal principles laid effect section clear applying legal principles court held failed prove detention reasons unrelated national security parliamentary debate rule law asserted detention trial doctrine way checking minister decision decides order subject liberty completely contrary rule natural justice fundamental principle men free called provisions act permitting detention repealed saying power necessary emergency times real threat need let realise violation rule law let honest repeal nominated member parliament simon expressed view constitution exception fulfill concept rule law sense limited grounds court review decision minister sense discretion nonetheless recognized remained relevant instance tool people alleged engaged espionage detention definitively declared right wrong case case decision live lives real society responding noted fully debated parliament previous occasions emphasized place tackle apparent act including review detention advisory board composed supreme_court judge prominent members public president personal discretion order release event advisory board minister disagreed necessity detention speaking seasonal meeting singapore explained stability essential conditions singapore governance contributed stability country enabling terrorist threats dealt response chairman wrote appropriate times extraordinary danger assumed measure ordinary times liberties justification national defense crisis set norm peaceful ordinary times life nation september statement said government people solely political beliefs expressed view continues relevant crucial measure resort preservation national security cases singapore law reports reissue appeal singapore minister home affairs singapore archived original december lung minister home affairs singapore minister home affairs singapore attorney general singapore works washington isbn archived original march september judicial review angst lecture singapore management university second year law students archived original december rule law nature general applications introduction study law constitution 8th london michael independence criminal justice system singapore asian rule law theories implementation rule law asian countries france london isbn varieties rule law introduction provisional conclusion asian rule law rule law non liberal democracy singapore experience asian rule law andrew archived original paper subsequently published andrew theory practice joseph rule law virtue law quarterly review rule law official report november vol october speech minister law rule law session archived original november tan fundamental liberties introduction singapore constitution 2nd singapore isbn articles websites december courts rule law singapore hall stephen detention political rights rule law singapore malaysia rule law capitalism east asia lee december shall meet competing narratives rule law singapore human rights rule law relationship paper archived original prosperity versus individual rights human rights democracy rule law singapore july archived original july december rule law singapore brian december history elements rule law december apology rule law rules law singapore books anti corruption mirror singapore rule law doctrine eastern version nation ruled law beijing isbn frank kenneth decline rule law singapore malaysia report new_york july rule law regimes exception working paper isbn archived original singapore cambridge isbn malaysia singapore green alternative european link rule law human rights malaysia singapore report conference held brussels march belgium malaysia malaysia singapore isbn multiple names authors list link gordon singapore exception proves rules matter tom rule law politics courts cambridge isbn rule law history politics theory cambridge isbn
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