watson computer watson question answering computer system capable answering questions posed natural language developed project research team led principal investigator watson named ceo industrialist computer system specifically developed answer questions jeopardy watson competed jeopardy winners watson received place prize million watson access million pages structured content consuming disk storage including text connected internet game clue watson probable responses displayed television screen watson consistently human opponents game signaling device trouble categories notably having short clues containing words february announced watson software system commercial application management decisions lung cancer treatment memorial cancer center conjunction health insurance company watson business chief says nurses field use watson follow guidance description watson question answering computing system built apply advanced natural language processing information knowledge representation automated reasoning machine learning technologies field open domain question answering key difference technology document search document search takes returns list documents ranked order relevance based popularity page ranking technology takes question expressed natural language seeks understand greater detail returns precise answer question according different techniques analyze natural language identify sources find generate find score evidence merge rank software watson uses software framework system written languages including java runs enterprise operating system framework provide distributed computing hardware system workload integrating massively parallel built technology uses generate gather massive evidence analyze data watson employs cluster ninety power uses core threads core total system threads ram according watson process equivalent million books second master inventor senior consultant estimated watson hardware cost million dollars performance stands half fast cut line list according content stored watson ram jeopardy game data stored hard drives slow competitive human jeopardy champions data sources information watson include articles literary works watson specifically team provided watson millions documents including reference material use build knowledge operation watson questions different sentence fragments order find related phrases watson main innovation creation new operation ability quickly execute hundreds proven language analysis simultaneously find correct answer find answer independently likely watson correct watson small number potential solutions able check database solution makes sense comparison human players watson basic working principle clue searching related terms responses gives watson advantages compared human jeopardy players watson deficiencies understanding contexts clues result human players usually generate responses faster watson especially short clues watson programming prevents popular tactic sure response watson consistently better reaction time generated response immune human players psychological tactics jumping categories clue sequence mock games jeopardy human participants able use average seven seconds watson needed hear clue decide signal responding time watson evaluate response determine sufficiently confident result signal system win jeopardy contest electronic receives ready signal examined watson confidence level great activate given speed compared speed human reaction times watson reaction time faster human contestants human anticipated instead reacted ready signal signaling watson speaks electronic voice gives responses jeopardy question format watson voice synthesized recordings actor text speech program jeopardy staff different means watson human players buzz critical rounds humans notified light took tenths second perceive watson notified electronic signal activate humans tried compensate perception delay anticipating light variation anticipation time generally great fall watson response time watson attempt signal history development victory chess hunt new challenge manager dinner noticed restaurant fallen silent soon discovered cause evening hiatus middle successful game run jeopardy nearly entire restaurant mid meal watch phenomenon intrigued possible challenge passed idea executive backed pushing department challenge playing jeopardy system initially trouble finding research staff willing looked complex challenge game chess eventually took offer competitions managed united_states government watson predecessor system named usually able respond correctly clues required minutes respond compete successfully jeopardy watson need respond seconds time problems posed game deemed impossible solve initial tests run senior manager integration department watson given clues past jeopardy programs best real life competitors half time responded correctly clues watson pass correct team given years staff people solve problems developers advanced watson compete jeopardy champions february watson beat human jeopardy contestants regular basis system primarily effort watson development involved faculty graduate students austin students jeopardy preparation representatives communicated jeopardy executive producer possibility having watson compete successful contestants program producers agreed watson differences human players generated conflicts jeopardy staff planning competition repeatedly expressed concerns writers exploit watson deficiencies writing clues turning game test alleviate claim party randomly picked clues previously written shows broadcast jeopardy staff showed concerns watson reaction time originally watson signaled staff requested press button physically human contestants robotic finger pressing watson remained faster human competitors noted trying win watson knock precise buzz single time little variation human compete computer circuits regard journalist recorded watson development book final jeopardy reported conflict jeopardy competition canceled preparation constructed mock set conference room technology sites model jeopardy human players including jeopardy contestants participated mock games watson playing host test matches conducted watson winning games provide physical presence televised games watson represented avatar globe inspired planet symbol described computer avatar glowing blue ball crossed threads thought threads precise stated number thought threads avatar joke referencing significance number guide galaxy artist designed avatar project explained states watson able use game confidence responding clue correctly hoped able find add level guide reference unable game states practice match recorded january official matches recorded january participants maintained secrecy outcome match broadcast february practice match practice match press january watson won question round score watson tied final question players responded incorrectly clue match round broadcast february second round february right choose category determined draw won watson represented computer monitor display artificial voice responded correctly second clue selected fourth clue category deliberate strategy find daily double quickly possible watson guess daily double location correct end round watson tied watson performance characterized instance watson repeated version incorrect response offered said reference 1920s watson said 1920s watson recognize contestants responses know given response instance watson initially given credit response leg incorrectly responded hand clue correct response missing leg watson unlike human responding mistake decided response incorrect broadcast version episode edited original acceptance watson response watson demonstrated complex strategies daily doubles bet researchers worked watson explained watson based confidence level category complex model called game state watson took commanding lead double jeopardy correctly responding daily doubles watson responded second daily double correctly confidence score clue watson contestant miss final jeopardy response category cities largest airport named world war hero second largest world war battle gave correct response chicago watson response toronto offered reasons watson appear canadian city categories weakly suggest type response desired phrase city didn appear question cities named toronto toronto ontario american_league baseball team worked watson suggested able correctly second clue second largest world war battle standalone clause despite following required context understand referring second largest airport professor member development team stated error occurred watson possess comparative knowledge potential response viable displayed audience questions watson second choice chicago toronto chicago watson confidence threshold respectively lack confidence reason multiple question marks watson response game ended watson second match introduction canadian native joked learned toronto city watson error match prompted engineer wear jacket recording second match round finally able choose clue watson responded daily double clue incorrectly time double jeopardy round round watson placed second time competition briefly successful increasing dollar values watson respond nonetheless final result ended victory watson score scored scored final outcome prizes competition million place watson second place place promised donated watson charity going going similarly donated respective charities watson achievements additional remark final jeopardy response welcome new computer echoing similar reference episode deep space homer simpsons news presenter speaks welcoming new insect later wrote article slate stated media watson question answering skills good annoying company sees future fields like medical diagnosis business tech support automated question answering software like watson factory jobs eliminated 20th century new assembly line robots knowledge industry workers work new generation thinking machines contestant job redundant watson sure won philosophy argues watson despite impressive capabilities actually think drawing chinese room thought experiment claims watson like machines capable manipulating symbols ability understand meaning symbols experiment detractors match members united_states congress february watson played exhibition match jeopardy members united_states house_of_representatives round jeopardy contestant challenging computer led watson second place combining scores matches final score watson congressional players combined said match technology watson represents major advancement computing data intensive environment government type technology help organizations better decisions improve government helps citizens current future applications according goal computers start interact natural human terms range applications processes understanding questions humans ask providing answers humans understand justify suggested general counsel watson legal research company intends use watson information intensive fields telecommunications financial services government watson based commercially available marketed february intends market software large corporations price millions dollars reflecting million needed acquire meets minimum system requirement operate watson price decrease substantially decade technology improves said important reason strategic seen broadly american public company tackle tough computer problems big slice profit comes selling government biggest expensive systems world reported companies working create embedded watson technology fluid developing app retailers called north face designed provide advice online developing app designed people advice ways engage activities improve health developing app purpose advising medical institutions equipment decisions november announced watson available software application providers enabling build services embedded watson capabilities build base partners create applications watson platform network venture capital firms advise portfolio companies logical fit calls watson ecosystem far roughly organizations individuals signed interest creating applications use watson platform january announced receive successor version watson housed institute technology park available researchers students summer university receive watson computer february reported plans invest million year initiative use watson technologies help countries africa address development problems beginning healthcare education june new partners chosen business concepts submitted teams spanning industries countries bright organizations discovered innovative ways apply watson deliver business benefits said vice president winners educational platform friendly anthropomorphic retail sales trainer medical recommendation service july announced plans integrate watson improve customer experience platform citing sheer volume customer data analyze watson integrated including magazine perform recipe generating platform watson music discovery app uses provide music recommendations users use artificial intelligence watson found industry uses watson app gives hotel staff way quickly respond questions guests built app helps energy companies stay regulatory guidelines making easier managers sense thousands pages legal technical uses watson computer vision services analyze satellite aerial imagery municipal data water usage property property basis helping water districts drought stricken california improve water conservation efforts healthcare healthcare watson natural language hypothesis generation evidence based learning capabilities allow function clinical decision support system use medical professionals aid physicians treatment patients physician posed system describing symptoms related factors watson input identify important pieces information mines patient data find facts relevant patient medical hereditary history examines available data sources form test finally provides list confidence scored recommendations sources data watson uses analysis include treatment guidelines electronic medical record data notes physicians nurses research materials clinical studies journal articles patient information despite developed marketed diagnosis treatment advisor watson actually involved medical diagnosis process assisting identifying treatment options patients diagnosed february announced research project develop commercial product months designed exploit watson clinical decision support capabilities physicians columbia_university help identify critical issues practice medicine system technology able contribute physicians work identify best way technology like watson interact medical practitioners provide maximum assistance september major american healthcare provider announced partnership utilize watson data capability help suggest treatment options physicians february gave watson commercial application management decisions lung cancer treatment memorial cancer center announced partnership october company sent watson increase health expertise assist medical professionals treating patients medical facility utilize watson ability store process large quantities information help speed increase accuracy treatment process collaboration exciting offers opportunity teach watson think ways potential powerful tool medicine said chief information officer february announced maine center cancer medicine new_york started test watson system effort recommend treatment lung cancer january announced creating business unit watson led senior vice president headquarters new_york employ people invested billion division going develop new cloud delivered services watson discovery advisor watson engagement advisor focus research development projects industry publishing focus self service applications insights basis natural language questions posed business users focus helping enterprise users uncover share data driven insights based search easily company launching million venture fund spur application development applications according cloud delivered enterprise ready watson seen speed increase times percent improvement performance physical size percent size master bedroom stacked pizza boxes ceo said wants watson generate billion annual revenue years watson partner program provide conversation children toys professor watson create virtual teaching assistant assist students class initially didn reveal nature created help students answered questions certainty accurate answer remainder answered human assistants archive jeopardy game jeopardy game jeopardy game videos documentary making watson building watson brief overview project youtube watson answers question youtube david watson summit youtube november alternate youtube watson introduction future applications youtube edge watson healthcare youtube jeopardy watson day retrieved july youtube watson watson
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