september new style february british politician colonial official governor afterward served travelled widely north american colonies prior american revolutionary war opposed parliamentary attempts tax colonies minority advocate colonial positions revolution educated connected colonial administration london travelled north_america spent years exploring colonies appointed lieutenant governor new_jersey governor massachusetts helping engineer recall longtime governor administration dominated french indian war called seven years war england instrumental raising massachusetts provincial militia war effort opposed military interference colonial administration including attempts quarter british troops private homes generally positive relationship colonial assembly returning england continued interested colonial affairs publishing widely read materials conditions colonies including editions member parliament regularly advocated colonial positions success supported war effort revolutionary war began early 19th century early advocate reduction removal trade barriers establishment solid relationship britain united_states writers proposed writer letters critical british governmental practices wrote constitutional national governor opinion represented crown province early life eldest son william sarah father country gentleman soldier poor health early death caused family fall hard times baptised september new style lincoln england thomas educated cambridge graduated education exposed classic current philosophers sciences publication treatise origins government published began notes developed cambridge years cambridge younger brother john acquired job oversaw british colonial affairs rapidly rose bureaucracy brothers influential supporters efforts advance john secured job thomas colonial office exposed possibilities advancement influence colonial went america private secretary sir appointed governor new_york committed suicide days reaching new_york leaving job sponsor chose remain america studying condition american colonies following months travelled widely maryland massachusetts introduced highest circles leadership society colonies established relationships number influential people including massachusetts governor item importance governor instructed deal rising discontent territory new_york central western upstate new york studied matter consequently invited pennsylvania connections attend albany congress observer observations nature colonial dealings indians including political control indian trade corrupt fraudulent acquisition indian lands led draft number proposals related colonial administration proposed establishment crown appointed superintendent indian affairs specifically new_york commissioner indian affairs articulated visions managing expansion colonies west conference returned philadelphia time apparently cemented close friendship franklin began invest business ventures franklin unsuccessfully proposed colonial union albany conference contributed writings exact nature influence unclear philadelphia established close collaboration recognized need accurate maps inland regions north_america disputed french indian war map evans published dedicated brought wide publicity recommendation johnson superintendent indian affairs implemented crown lieutenant governor new_jersey living expense hopes posting eventually come way appointed lieutenant governor new_jersey little responsibility anticipating death aging governor attending military conferences concerning ongoing war proved longer lived expected died restless military conferences drew ongoing power struggle johnson rose military commander chief death general july management indian affairs johnson capitalized concern frontier security draw camp dislike earlier reports new_york governor sir combined damaging allegations provided johnson supporters led dismissal commander chief returned england early confirmed johnson allegations rewarded post secretary extraordinary title creation new commander chief lord england reputation damaged allegations apparently action let military information fall enemy hands decided recall offered governorship pennsylvania demands wide ranging powers post led offer turned advantage widely fact turned offer attitude accompanied america july returned england represent hearings military leadership instructed military plans objectives london closely involved informing members new state affairs north_america performance matters resulted appointment governor massachusetts march admired colonial affairs criticised temper role bringing fall governor massachusetts bay arrived boston early august received assumed duties august immediately thrust war related crisis french force reported moving fort william henry northern new_york military commander urgent militia energetic organizing militia arms came late fort fell brief siege followed worst indian atrocities war september travelled new_jersey attend funeral governor stopped new_york meet commander chief upset fully implemented variety demands held responsible objected interference military civilian affairs threat implement agenda maintaining necessary governor lead drive provincial assembly meeting afterward wrote letter london harshly criticising position calling ideas governance high handed encountered opposition provincial assembly demand british troops civilians boston threatened march additional troops province housing force requested way demands eventually signing bill authorizing troops public spaces bill unpopular negatively cast local press supportive policies exchanges aware colonists position inhabitants province natural rights english born subjects enjoyment rights encourage resist cruel invading enemy equally clear relationship royal governor assembly governor lead people drive lead step step sic committed ideas offered resign encouraged remain post later author portions act parliamentary bill implementation widely resisted colonies january wrote letters outlining difficult issues surrounding relations colonial government military civil british establishment specifically recommended london offer pay colonial expenses war implementation idea led significantly increased militia recruitment remaining years war including men massachusetts campaign able bill implementing reforms militia system bill include changes sought order achieve flexible costly organization terms centered power militia hands local officials reducing governor control despite reforms recruiting militia proved difficult recruiting parties harassed leading rioting occasions successful recruiting province militia energetic assistance war effort earned new commander chief flush success proposed general idea establishing fort contest potential french movements area area site periodic frontier raids including major attack spring idea developed major expedition area received approval assembly led expedition oversaw construction fort counted major success year success kicked minor land rush area start power little rocky popularity province grew term progressed saw needs fishermen successfully convincing military authorities eliminate red tape courted local merchants invested ventures managed thomas lauded group massachusetts merchants departure bachelor reported ladies man highly engaged social scene strongly religious regularly attended anglican services frequent visitor local services successfully contentious issues surrounding recruitment deployment militia negotiating military provincial demands strained relationship lieutenant governor men trusted regularly excluded inner council meetings instead sending missions example deal militia recruitment issues acts leaving colony approve appointment longtime adversary speaker assembly later months wrote letter requesting leave return england service biographer speculates underlying reason request related frustration exclusion major military actions later war years possibly desire acquire significant post governor conquered opinion divisive dislike distrust supporters like ensuing local political contributed request difficult relationships military commanders reason engaged colonial positions king died given governorship south_carolina permission leave england departure boston delayed militia recruiting issues need deal aftermath major fire city leave june held governorship south_carolina actually went characterised term massachusetts informed colonial office november accept governorship recently king directly ordered appointed military office served seven years war ended position career ambitions colonial administration led allegations financial irregularities cleared return england prepared publication treatise entitled administration colonies published anonymously revised work republished work times work dry complex treatise situation north_america included commentary burgeoning tensions intended explore colonies properly incorporated larger empire work identified supportive american liberty feared britain losing control colonies wrote americans entitled rights representative government fellow subjects england scotland wales time insisted military protection colonists received britain created equally extensive obligations help pay cost convinced need strong central legislature capable making common policies binding member british empire including provinces north_america eventually decided solution lay creating imperial parliament representatives britain colonies british commentator embrace idea imperial parliament americans found singled centralized plan legislative reform particular criticism influential letters farmer pennsylvania colonial supporter continued communicate political allies massachusetts occasions called appear parliamentary committees comment colonial affairs considered returning massachusetts post found began investing property nova scotia extending colonial property interests granted maine governorship married widow daughter lieutenant general giving connection aristocratic raised children intelligent woman partner advancing political career hosting social events encouraging intellectual pursuits encouraged stand parliament won seat representing renewed correspondence officials massachusetts hopes winning appointment agent representing province interests unsuccessful regularly received visitors colonies old friend pennsylvania frequent guest observed alarm rise tension colonies parliamentary leadership colonial administration exacerbated reduced position parliament highlight colonial objections act unpopular legislation troops sent boston protests turned violent took floor parliament warning connections britain colonies end result permanent breach opposed lord north partial repeal hated tax tea retained symbol parliamentary power debate act pointed retention tax english american ones lead civil war speech delivered march day view parliament failed understand american colonial issues urged colonial continue press constitutional issues avoid violence colonial american issues briefly subsided stage introduced legislation reforming food production distribution great_britain passed house_of_commons amended lords leading reject amended bill violation bill passed year called governor bill received praise including influential figures honoured membership revolution following december parliament passed series bills designed punish massachusetts unable sway opinion measures implicated delivered private letters franklin identified source letters unable retain seat voted office seeking remain active ended appealing lord north secured seat election representing apparent turn alarmed number colonial supporters evidence north engineered defeat order gain support supported north attempts reconciliation debates leading start war independence hostilities began april views dismissed war supporting opposed saw proposals attempts positions remained nominally support north openly support peace party entry france war american returned firmly pro war position support nuanced continued argue sort americans remaining patriotic respect french british politicians unable reconcile positions refused stand reelection war years published revisions expanding work reflect changing conditions worked update revise evans map data updated maps colonial withdrew extent later years following death wife continued appear parliament post war years july anonymously published essay titled memorial addressed europe widely published document gained attention europe author compromised use extended passages essay instructions europe leaders deal newly independent united_states pointing america independence rapid population growth effect world trade proposed european leaders meet establish worldwide regulations essentially free trade continued maintain interest united_states war ended returned sought success commission massachusetts militia present european travels continued write essays new ones revisions older ones published updated version map later years introduced colonial general favored latin american independence spain according historian significant arguments advanced later efforts influence assisted explicitly connections british government attempted advance independence agenda major work treatise arguing free trade explicitly calling british support latin american independence way open markets british american trade died bath february interred church known american colonial governor english politician important figure later 18th century antiquarian archaeological studies study governor remarks neglected early inherited interests father captain lived yard surrounds father corresponded ancient finds lincoln brother john writer archaeological subjects demonstrating interest left america recorded evidence roman villa return america fellow society contributed extensively early issues journal writings describe discoveries lincoln importantly wrote widely ireland north welsh coast follow descriptions roman remains france living moving bath provided descriptions roman discoveries family legacy married twice wife widow sir illegitimate daughter lieutenant general married hannah acquiring process significant estates landed gentry towns maine vermont named dresden maine named honour recognition survives historic property built remains named survive maine fort point state park series letters published london public written pseudonym letters contained accusations corruption abuse power british government officials subjects spoke wrote identity subject contemporary historical debate wrote uncovered advanced argument argument raised descendant biography modern scholars dispute notion currently favouring writer letters based lines evidence publications description monument new near ireland letter read june vol
Thomas Pownall