river english county source series small streams forest area east flowing west joined turning south joined main tributary western river continues past castle join english channel local government district named faster flowing rivers england tidal far inland miles upstream sea major improvements river port navigation improved barges difficulty negotiating flash locks installed work carried 19th earl upper section toll free harbour commissioners managed lower river sea major improvements estuary free sanctioned act parliament obtained coming railways changes coastal shipping superseded port harbour commissioners responsible river collecting tolls use river improved main channel toll free scheme built major cuts included locks passed built avoid large bend near near upper terminus cut locks crossed original channel reach improvements opened joining completion portsmouth canal opened soon canals attempt provide inland route london portsmouth successful hoped traffic declined rapidly railways offered competition navigation ceased maintained traffic continued lower sections currently restored restoration eventually include cut locks history wrote geography called later accounts thought word indicating river tendency flood land near river translates directly goes theory known lower reaches close sea known meaning run flow upper reaches possible town mean flowing river middle ages river known river river high stream alternative derived attested reflected road street main roads running town roughly parallel river use modern recorded alternative names river great river continued years mouth river later fifteenth century joined miles east entering sea estuary blocked eastward drift tides pushing sea broke times formed present estuary improvements lower portion river sea ford eleventh century time norman conquest sixteenth century 19th earl built ford improved river channel town port years improved river far upstream work involved number flash locks successful tolls charged use vessels tons carry timber attempts river early sixteenth century successful act parliament obtained main emphasis improvement harbour called port improvements miles river sea authorised commissioners appointed powers erect piers cut new channel sea sand bar act allowed charge tolls use facilities initial costs half tolls maintain harbour river channel ships tons ships tons reach result work trade improved act affect river obtained group local men act empowered river ton barges jurisdiction river bridge charge tolls use river members raise issuing shares worth day day oversight affairs navigation managed half yearly meeting larger group purpose navigation carry coal chalk lime upstream agricultural produce direction improve river channel navigation upstream consisted separate channel containing locks carried navigation river journey miles shorter cutting new channel involved construction locks yard tunnel section opened august cut completed cost work proposals extend navigation time canal north chapel north second canal following year route surveyed estimated cost build negotiations existing failed scheme dropped second act parliament obtained harbour commissioners estuary constructed existing piers longer addition built mouth river act stated capital borrowed finance harbour previous act tolls maintenance harbour river inhabitants spent harbour boats belonged port pay tolls result works port enjoyed prosperous period thirty years ships tons able reach town spring tides facilities improved docks operation payment shareholders began years tolls raised average year cent time 3rd earl buying shares having obtained chairman company stopped payment borrowed capital paid quickly apart interim payment reinstated responsible joins promoted seen larger scheme link london portsmouth idea contemplated times chaired meeting held june decided press ahead canal initial estimated cost canal opened september estimated tons traffic passing london portsmouth tons local traffic far optimistic actual traffic averaging tons year life london portsmouth route completed portsmouth canal held shares significant subscribers authorised agreement reached improved aid traffic work commenced sure ford section new canal actually built convinced obtained act parliament engineer oversaw improvements completed work involved improving depth width channel alterations bridges locks size uniform company borrowed finance work cost total loans work allowed barge sizes increased tons tons result business improved traffic increased shown number boats belonging residents increased total timber merchant called owned barges company began running regular freight services london barges based near town barges reduced seven barges ran twice weekly london company variously called names decline 1840s use river declined result competition railways changes coastal shipping grew importance port years resistance people customs house moved opened line extended ford receipts tolls peaked years percent paid dropped quickly raising years percent barge service london ran week ceased altogether years later vessels reaching coasters barges ships facilities year closed upper river ceased maintain navigation january barge passed january river abandoned navigation warrant issued suffolk river navigation abandoned time issued closing order navigation authority responsible upper river traffic cease entirely barges river 1880s upper reaches longer accessible docks london brighton time owners railway tunnel main line branch crossed course poured tons chalk tunnel trade chalk lime extracted chalk pits continued early twentieth century ships towed imports salt timber coal continued visited steamer sailing vessel reach port years later passage larger craft upstream hindered construction swing bridge prevented fixed railway bridge ford built freight traffic disappeared river later company slaughter hiring pleasure craft company 1990s present authority river remains responsible section mouth bridge navigation authority river responsibility drainage functions bridges minimum feet feet high water river tidal miles upstream sea flows knots making fastest flowing rivers country tidal range feet spring tides feet tides high tide occurs minutes later high water dover high water hours later charitable organisations charity set objectives education fisheries biodiversity access pollution issues restored set 1970s technically ended restoration include navigation section reach years organised annual cruise river ensure navigation rights maintained responsibility organisation passed route miles source sea longest rivers sussex rises series streams known locally gills east flows westwards southern boundary turns briefly north skirt continuing westwards joined known heights hill surrey junction passes road follows route point timber piles roman bridge found earthworks roman station close south crossed disused railway line point crosses foot course marked winding turns south county boundary briefly follows course joined partially restored course west canal clearly seen followed boundary main flow river follows new straight cut east canal boundary crosses canal river resumes course eastern canal little south straight cut old course visible canal soon reaches road near location wharf northern terminus south bridge nearby modern ordnance survey map shows buildings named old wharf joins east river turns briefly westwards soon crossed carried navigation river channel river joins flowing north turns southwards remains north bank 17th century timber framed farmhouse grade listed grade listed building dating 18th century west bank river junction navigation cut junction river tidal continuing southwards river passes situated eastern bank bailey dating time norman conquest best preserved monuments type south east england river crossed fine medieval stone bridge built centre arch raised improvements navigation grade listed structure scheduled ancient monument damaged army second world war repaired heavy traffic road diverted new bridge upstream 1980s bridge small island artificial cut built avoid route heads westwards river site corn mill join little downstream junction followed small island lock necessary drop levels caused mill branch tunnel headed south little exploration tunnel described article ends accessible southern end explored built bed canal northern end tunnel mouth site river continues large loop east railway line crosses reach railway station island road crossing channels brooks nature reserve east loop course westwards bridge consists low elliptical arches taller arches cast iron span channel solid ramp east construction suggests medieval arches erected west bank river bridge nature reserve lock branch marked modern maps section lock river holds water north river crossed line bridge village bury west sussex literary trail joins western bank joins eastern bank bridge close railway station river splits channels bridge spans similar looks medieval built solid section island channels single arch eastern channel arches main river chalk pits provided trade navigation location acre site items industrial heritage display river follows course northern loop village north south south immediately south old course passes railway line new channel cut west railway west bank hamlet acre haven birds run market town west river castle build construction started owned present building consists different components dating late eleventh century nineteenth grade listed bridges span river original road town second carries bypass final section crossed railway bridge built road bridge carries road east bank english channel east west piers harbour guarded naval attack western bank mouth river completed screened open sea sand dunes fort replaced seven gun battery east bank built points interest
River Arun