rebellion simplified chinese traditional chinese pinyin day long uprising dynasty capital beijing august staged chinese general troops han descent rebellion orchestrated officers fear purge list helped gain throne half brother earlier succeeded crisis leaked plot rebellion failure brothers killed ensuing battle forced commit suicide effort stand imperial troops beijing residential compound rebellion marked high point political tension allowing employed military command structure chinese officials subordinates military merits time strategically relocating troops families away capital background dynasty enrolled military service originally prisoners war voluntarily submitted settled china fled homeland northern natural disasters seeking refuge china families found lodging distinguished military officers granted noble ranks occasions ministers state bureaucracy noble lineage chinese capitals beijing sons educated chinese classic texts nonetheless held suspicion chinese authorities lower social stature accused chinese officials prone violence prostitutes officials excuse military campaigns relocate troops families china concentrated enemy territory argues noticeable shift court policies crisis dealing stated court actively encouraged immigration merely managed sided july staged raids june territory northern tracts minister war general appointed lead force troops bolster defenses historian states developments fed suspicion living turn exacerbated feelings direct link found decision beijing join coup activities northwest day coup august emperor issued telling nobles generals loyal throne effect threat associate murdered cover crimes illegal foreign transactions soldier imperial guard acted private commercial agent man failed affairs secret soldier wife tell authorities husband gone mad fled head officer authorities missing soldier approval emperor commercial agent beaten death authorities reach general aided succession death prison similar warning imperial son executed chances allowing ruined similar fashion troops veterans fought campaigns adoptive father loyalty officer clients secure circumstances thousands military officers accept earlier promotions aiding succession robinson states officers doubt expected fell power soon follow planned kill depart capital troops morning august simply planned advantage leave conspirators said planned place heir apparent throne position grand senior emperor title delegated years house arrest rule murder memorial held banquet officers night august officers slipped away leaked plot high level commanders morning august alerted general plot soon sun alerted emperor message slipped western gate receiving warning emperor arrested gates beijing gates blockaded began suspect plot leaked moved troops morning august inspect gates gate eastern entrance failed open suspicions confirmed forces searched visited home head led efforts investigate killed home killing found detained grand secretary showing severed head explaining driven rebellion agreed draft memorial throne explaining wished emperor harm vengeance finished asked imperial pardon men detained minister personnel writing materials office composed memorial slipped message door panels gate gates remained tightly shut began calling death director killing noting written inscription adopted father failed coup inner city battle message unable began assault gate gate west gate setting fire western eastern gates fires extinguished later day pouring rain defending gates imperial rewarded conflict merit maintaining strong defense troops poured area outside counterattack able flee head killed soldiers earlier denounced criminal associate soldiers found waiting room outside gate cursed cut general sun led charge right outside gate approached forces rear flank forced withdraw set temporary camp gate midday forces killed brothers sun personally shot second arrow brother led cavalry charges imperial troops sun forces severely wounded arms forces took position great eastern market market northeast gate sun deployed artillery units rebels lost brother attempting flee beijing gate dash northeastern gates capital gate gate remained closed finally fled remaining forces residential compound beijing troops newly arrived stormed residence avoid arrest execution committed suicide throwing imperial troops recovered body aftermath promised grand secretary final assault residence imperial troops allowed find property given incentive imperial soldier captured rebel rewarded title office captive found followers soon executed including members august august publicly sentence execution ministers state aware emperor held audience median gate corpses brothers left outside exposed elements father law spared punishment known refused communicate rise power career general emperor spared sentence death sentence imprisonment instead included vice commissioner chief lowered city walls beijing later found farmer patch far exiled suffer tropical climate remainder lives according robinson pressured emperor pardon forced join rebellion rewards given captured plot including grand defender promoted august officer charge left september silver grain added september plaques commemorate dead fought handling rewards court efforts order capital region taxes suspended nobles imperial clan patrolled gates imperial city rebels large residents beijing abused order alert authorities remaining coup order label personal enemies rebels property discourage emperor dozen beaten streets criminals august emperor loyal officers participation rebellion mean persecution october commander veteran officer fought invasion ordered stay gesture emperor need worry loss authority weeks failed uprising leader staging raids northern china sent embassy china request formal tribute relations serve vassal news rebellion reached court korea september korean official charge report embellished level gore violence stating tens thousands died days pouring rain following rebellion flooded streams blood rain native rebellion threaten capital city fall beijing army marking end dynasty shortly beginning conquest conquest chinese officials continued large degree military service favored relocation schemes rebellion marked event great importance court affairs officers retained hereditary titles noble lineage nobility military command structure declined men humble origins eventually displaced historiography pre modern sources general chinese history texts dynasty including briefly mention failed coup coup events leading covered wrote career featured edited modern sources historian compiled edited commented texts dealing eras stressed incompetent ruler having allowed develop formidable threats central rule robinson calls authoritative writer mention rebellion written works historians remark publication coup weakened power rule historian devoted article politics force ethnicity china subject rebellion historian wrote essay arguing coup understood single event wider context continuous power struggles civil officials military officers reign
Rebellion of Cao Qin