commonly known black velvet fungus family species found north_america east rocky_mountains eastern asia including china japan taiwan thailand mycorrhizal species grows scattered groups ground usually deciduous trees particularly oak recorded deciduous coniferous mixed forests fruit bodies black grayish brown cap measures diameter caps young specimens texture covered whitish gray coating texture coating gradually lost mushroom matures cap develops cracks pores underside cap small pinkish stem bluish purple black measures long thick surface whitish cap flesh stain pink reddish gray eventually turn black cut injured mushroom edible generally considered best edible species taxonomy naming species described specimens collected north_carolina sanctioned species species transferred american mycologist transferred genus french mycologist transferred species newly created genus described specimens collected new_york reduced noted description young material obtained white tubes colored mature spores later authorities treated species synonym indicated taxonomic authorities index specific epithet means white black commonly known black velvet called description shape cap initially convex later broadly convex eventually flattened maturity diameter cap typically cap surface dry velvet like texture age developing network cracks small cap color initially black dark grayish brown young specimens whitish bloom resembling fine powder surface fruit bodies especially young specimens tend free insect larvae mushroom matures bloom disappears color fades grayish grayish brown cap flesh whitish cut injured stain pink reddish gray eventually turn black spores produced basidia arranged vertically arranged layer minute tubes underside cap create surface pores surface whitish young turning dull pink flesh colored maturity bruised surface initially reddish slowly turns black shape pores angular irregular small roughly pores millimeter tubes deep usually sunken area attachment stem stem long thick equal width length slightly thicker base somewhat thicker middle color cap paler surface texture stem usually smooth specimens slightly near spore print range pinkish deep flesh color spores oval ellipsoid shape smooth hyaline translucent measure basidia club shaped spored measure pleurocystidia cystidia found tube faces irregularly club shaped dimensions cheilocystidia found tube edge club shaped rare occur singly measure rare occurring stem arranged groups measure individually clamp connections absent hyphae edible mushroom pleasant odor mild taste considered best edible genus usually associated bitter species mushroom brings delicate flavor longer times cap crisp mushrooms mushroom dying similar species species superficial resemblance confused including produces smaller fruit bodies caps diameter whitish flesh directly black intermediate reddish phase injured known western new_york state false black velvet brownish cap lacks texture stems black near base found atlantic gulf coastal plains north_america readily distinguished strong orange red results cutting damaging flesh fresh specimen furthermore lacks whitish bloom present young caps typically prominently stem specimens paler usual confused yellow cystidia mounted cystidia brownish yellow similar conditions distribution habitat mycorrhizal species fruit bodies grow ground scattered groups deciduous trees particularly oak fruiting occurs deciduous coniferous mixed forests dark color makes difficult notice field north_america mushroom widely distributed east rocky_mountains distribution ranges quebec canada south new_england states florida extending west missouri michigan texas found mexico asia recorded china japan taiwan thailand
Tylopilus alboater