june june usually referred argentine economist lawyer politician military leader took argentine wars independence created flag argentina regarded main country born buenos_aires fourth child italian businessman came contact ideas age enlightenment university spain time french revolution return notable member population buenos_aires tried promote new political economic ideals found severe resistance local rejection led work greater autonomy country spanish colonial regime unsuccessfully promoted aspirations regent ruler period spanish king ferdinand vii imprisoned war favoured revolution removed power elected voting member took power delegate led ill fated campaign troops defeated battles defeated campaign initiated chain events led independence retreated vicinity possible royalist attack created flag argentina approve flag slow communications learn weeks later reinforcing army north knowing strategic disadvantage royalist armies coming ordered evacuated entire population san counter offensive battle resulted key strategic victory soon followed complete victory royalist army battle deeper incursions upper led defeats leading second order replacement commander newly arrived del approved use flag national war flag went diplomatic mission europe seek support revolutionary government returned time declared argentine independence promoted plan create constitutional monarchy descendant head state proposal support provincial delegates strongly rejected delegates buenos_aires approved use flag national flag took command army north mission limited protecting san royalist advances prepared army alternate offensive buenos_aires invaded moved army southwards troops january died june words reportedly country biography ancestry born buenos_aires june father house located near santo domingo convent santo domingo street streets modern names streets respectively city small lived wealthiest baptised following day born america considered social class father town italy translated spanish form later changed literally denoted good production changed spanish domingo european merchant authorised america contacts spain rio_de_janeiro britain promoted establishment son lead years later mother born city del argentina family second richest buenos_aires sons died managed family business arranged daughters married merchants trusted agents oriental spain living male sons followed different paths domingo canon local cathedral joined military meant follow father work developed interests brother continued family business european studies completed studies san school learned latin philosophy logic physics literature graduated domingo sufficient success merchant send sons francisco study europe expected study commerce decided study law successful attained prestige pope allowed study forbidden literature books deemed books way came contact authors like forbidden spain studied near intellectual elite spain time heated discussions ongoing french revolution principles equality freedom universal scope declaration rights man citizen criticism divine right kings constant topics debate supporters ideas thought spain remade similar principles critics thought rejected proponents outdated ideas spanish enlightenment slightly different french respected religion monarchy despite new influences remained strong catholic studied living languages political economy public rights authors influenced translated book agricultural kingdom spanish main interest works authors ideas referred public good popular prosperity like south american students interested stated new wealth came nature agriculture economic activity generated income needed state interfere time south_america plenty natural resources strict state economy developed idea principles stated applied development approach influenced promoted study particular cases thought absolute freedom promoted tempered moderate intervention state provision free education time europe president academy devoted roman legislation forensic practice political economy work short time return buenos_aires june elected perpetual secretary new local institution dealt commercial industrial issues crown date later known argentina economist day remain office deal commercial disputes promote agriculture industry commerce having freedom big changes economic system big efforts improve education influenced believed true wealth countries human best way promote education maintained frequent discussions committee members merchants strong interests involved commerce proposals influenced free trade ideas time thought merchant freedom buy best accommodated natural supplied best price able earn best profit proposals rejected committee members supporters domingo successes creating geometry drawing academy created influence future merchants work best interests nation nautical drawing ones provide youth prestigious lucrative careers schools situated easily supervise development schools place years closed ruling spanish monarchy considered unnecessary luxury colony felt buenos_aires able maintain tried promote agriculture production following experiences friend proposed reserves wheat help control price tried leather recognised product country order promote commercial potential proposals accepted designed system prizes achievements boost local economy agriculture system work expected met requirements prize given helped create newspaper city directed worked edited nearly issues newspaper closed conflicts authorities like criticisms jokes parodies worked directed newspaper explain economic ideas manufacturing finished goods raw materials manufacture avoiding luxury goods raw materials produced extracted locally vital products owning merchant navy newspaper specialised philosophy history geography statistics revolutionary principles presented essays symptoms caught time europe sickness forced long leaves work suggest cousin similar ideas possible replacement leaves rejection committee members delayed approval british invasions appointed captain urban militias instructed spain prepare defences possible british portuguese attack worked longer interested pursuing military career requested create militia counter possible british attack interest intervention military conflict took place british arrived men took buenos_aires starting british invasions moved fortress soon heard warning gathered men launch resistance required knowledge men marched disorder ordered single british cannon shot write later autobiography regretted having basic knowledge militia work taking city spanish authorities requested pledge allegiance british crown thought members leave city join agree british request refused said wanted old master master avoid forced pledge allegiance escaped buenos_aires sought asylum chapel mercedes british army defeated army direction spanish authority restored expected british return city started prepare possibility returned buenos_aires command appointed sergeant command started study military strategy conflicts officials resigned sergeant served command new british attack took place july battle served field assistant division commanded successful resistance british resumed work discontinued military studies knowledge french brief interview defeated proposed british support movement rejected offer considering britain readily remove support lucrative option europe case revolutionaries helpless spanish counterattack main proponent political movement rio response recent developments europe spain war france spanish king ferdinand vii deposed imprisoned appointed king spain french led partial power vacuum legitimacy new king rejected parties purpose movement replace authority deposed king sister ferdinand living rio_de_janeiro project supported means achieve autonomy independence spanish colonies new world kept fluent mail communication convinced join project project found strong resistance married prince portugal people trick conceal portuguese different political ideas supporters shared ideas enlightenment power monarchy project forgotten new arrived europe replace failed convince benefits plan aimed instead convince refusing confirmed spanish king appointed lacked legitimacy refused proposal handed command resistance later convinced new allow edit new newspaper allowed gather revolutionary leaders excuse discussing development newspaper supported allowed foreign trade port previously spanish ships allowed ruling strongly rejected spanish merchants lawyer wrote representation economic essay convinced maintain free foreign trade historians suggest essay actually work work draft written able present work held political office past opposition rejection resigned work april moved countryside short time later received letter friends requesting return buenos_aires join revolutionary movements revolution war developing favourably spain ship arrived news defeat disbanding recognised spanish king appointed people thought longer authority tried conceal news gathering newspapers brought ship managed explained european developments public members despite having given original idea plotted remove replace advice waited news defeat spain action representing military intellectuals got interview request open getting answer called military leaders requested support refused grounds lacked legitimacy patriots insisted request finally accepted massive demonstration following day ensured word open held political leaders present armed men filling plaza ready invade case attempted disruption indicated signal supported stance cousin speech explaining concept sovereignty people subject spain time voting proposal coupled supporters joint proposal removal creation government prevailed attempted power spite result creating president rejected revolutionary leaders population great state turmoil ended disbanded replaced included local politicians autobiography declared previous knowledge included appointment took surprise accepted role political line expecting use government big changes social order making located building purpose instructing military appointed protector supported members execution counter revolutionaries defeated historians suggest promoted creation operations plan secret document written set harsh ways achieve goals consider document literary discredit suspect document result collaborative writing expedition months creation appointed chief commander army sent gather support oriental days later goal specific aim informed patriotic party strong small army control information went possible goals promote new government stay friendly terms buenos_aires unaware july general assembly discussed decided reject pledge allegiance spain headed north nearly men expecting gather people end soldiers regiments joined route later sent reinforcements soldiers army welcomed population way receiving donations new recruits ultimately army composed nearly men consisting infantry cavalry divided divisions piece artillery end october army stopped solved old border conflict set territories belong organised urban layout chapel school november army arrived coast near island took measures benefit natives living missions authority speaker gave civil political rights granted lands authorised commerce lifted restriction taking public religious office requested later seek authorization changes future point army moved stronghold attack terrain gave clear advantage governor river nearly metres wide effective natural barrier crossed patriotic army long distance land supplies swamps hills rivers lakes force army march slowly making possible retreat difficult crossed boats december task force soldiers forced flee saw army hill despite greatly outnumbered ordered attack moral strength soldiers started patriots briefly held upper hand eventually superior numbers prevailed deaths soldiers taken prisoner wanted continue fight officials convinced retreat army left closely watched combined armies armies nearly thousand soldiers barely attacked sides march greatly outnumbered losing unequal fight refused surrender reorganised remaining men ordered secretary burn documents personal papers prevent falling enemy hands arranged troops artillery fire minutes soldiers disperse barrage stopped requested armistice telling arrived aid conquer considering open hostility met leave province accepted grounds remaining group leave province day campaign complete military defeat aftermath conflict led replace local declare independence spain rule broke ties buenos_aires stayed isolated years creation flag argentina defeat government buenos_aires issued series conflicting orders requested fight return city judged defeats charges formulated appointed head replacing banished troops accept started requested possible royalist attacks created batteries independence freedom realising patriots fighting colours created argentina light blue white use approved reasons colours usually considered loyalty esteem virgin mary created flag colours hoisted near february day appointed replace army north travelled found officials nearly soldiers quarter hospitalised minimal artillery money officials diego cities hostile army encountered way royalist general orders command retreat fighting prepared base santo improved hospital created military tribunal later moved knowing resources launch attack approve use flag created initially unaware flag blessed priest second anniversary revolution found flag approved away asked keeping great victory months later royalist general advanced north thousand men prepared invade outnumbered larger armies organised great exodus city entire population city retreat army leave value animals crops housing september proper formation columns provided victory royalist task force men commanded retreat fighting thought mean loss northern provinces instead continuing convinced people stand forces increased nearly soldiers command obtained victory battle time replaced second provided greater support second called assembly year soon taking power intended declare independence enact national constitution failed political disputes members measures national flag allowed use blue white flag flag defeat garrisoned city men reinforcements government intended gather men march border battle new approved banner decisive victory ending capitulation army victories ensured argentine authority northwest stopped royalist advance central territory number invasions campaign widely considered decisive campaign upper peru june set base army men prepare attack moved resigned replaced zone tried revert bad impression left previous campaign initiated good relations natives plan attack sides aid armies armies near men obtained important advantage defeating getting possession papers gave insight patriotic plans taken surprise october initially gained upper hand royalist troops started flee saw patriotic armies following reorganised forces returned battle won barely survivors said soldiers lost battle fighting victory betrayed going enemy ranks triumph matter flag nation swings hands gathering army received reinforcements ready engagement troops better situation november forced withdraw remains army second reacted sending command army north second command san reinforce battle weary soldiers illness travelled rendezvous quickly possible met relay gave freedom implement changes took command regiment second later supreme director requested return buenos_aires judged defeats refused send poor health finally agreed send march temporarily settled await outcome trial time wrote autobiography soon charges dismissed definite accusation formulated new government diplomatic abilities sent mission europe negotiate support independence declaration independence spanish king ferdinand vii returned throne started grave consequences governments americas sent europe seek support spain britain sought promote son spain regent end refused act interests diplomatic mission failed learned changes ideology taken place europe previous visit influence french revolution great consensus making republican governments government napoleon preferred form constitutional britain noticed european powers approved south american revolutions approval compromised countries started fall anarchy returned buenos_aires government worried defeats political stir generated appointed head army shortly thomas resigned new supreme director signing santo pact aforementioned army retired sent command army north strong support case designating replace decided man know america integrity natural talent military knowledge far army concerned think best south_america met july explain results diplomatic mission europe thought local monarchy help prevent anarchy end simply independence spain felt declaration independence easily accepted european powers created system end formulated plan monarchy ruled noble thought generate support indigenous populations repair actions taken spanish proposal supported deputies provinces found strong rejection buenos_aires accept capital city july congress finally signed declaration independence spain flag created law regulating accepted national flag plan discussion congress delayed states emergency provinces caused war august took command army north limited people resources ordered avoid trying advance north stay defensive state task prevent moving south supreme director supporting alternative plan designed create making crossing defeat chile control chilean navy attack royalist stronghold years buenos_aires war requested return armies conflict refused accepted arrival governors signed day truce start peace negotiations health bad state point refused resign thinking morale army suffer presence moved frontier able north needed health continued given unlimited leave work supreme director handed command moved met daughter year old governor deposed stay taken prisoner led uprising attempted doctor objected delicate health sentence changed simple imprisonment took control government immediately released returned buenos_aires parent house time ended authority starting period known anarchy year june age died poverty war consumed old wealth paid doctor clock carriage possessions requested robes buried santo domingo convent dying said spanish state anarchy experienced city death largely unnoticed newspaper time note death written government representation funeral students institutions arrive following days news started known following year political context chaotic minister organised massive state funeral presidency body santo domingo moved september government commission included ministry interior ministry war president commission convent descendants interior health inspector army president doctors arsenal war revealed number preserved bones pieces wood nails bones placed silver plate following day great controversy press newspaper announced stolen pair teeth returned following day declared intended tooth friends took biographer personal life met sister age father approve relationship bankruptcy father arranged wedding daughter distant relative worked selling clothes opposed revolution returned spain leaving wife buenos_aires allowed return relationship dispatched followed took saw battle thought pregnant time son born july adopted husband married shortly met briefly considered getting married war forced married man relationship ended briefly restarted near buenos_aires delicate state health learned given birth daughter del born children recognised said children thought mention order protect mothers children result relations moral standards society day accepted requested brother appointed heir look newborn daughter diseases records diseases experienced youth illness dates time return buenos_aires worked experienced symptoms caught stay spain treated prestigious physicians city disease forced long leaves work stays treated condition eventually improved suspected year growing eyes invited king spain cure offered year leave paid wages rejected giving priority work nation personal health later safe size military career blood ill participate battle thought originated digestive system caused stress respiratory system sporadic condition chronic eventually cured revealed autopsy experienced malaria second campaign informed government disease difficult work talk treated doctor employed local species medicinal plant disease lasted stay britain health improved treatment having left endemic zone experienced stomach disease having low production worsened harsh military conditions including long periods little food references disease lead death case year letter directed declared having problems chest lung right leg later letter confirmed situation specified started april gravity condition led doctor advanced returned buenos_aires died sullivan performed autopsy revealed high levels fluid multiple right liver grown normal levels problems lungs heart family tree father mother works political thought vast intellectual awareness important topics age studied europe versatile capable understanding spanish english french italian indigenous languages allowed read influential books age enlightenment understand social economic technical political cultural religious changes prompted new ideas helped promote ideas press work rejected perspectives favouring latin driven concept common good regarded ethical value considered public health education work common good religion share completely ideas french revolution instead tempered ones spanish enlightenment notably remained held strong religious beliefs roman catholic theology conservative agreed existing state things modified republic france united_states constitutional monarchy like britain economic fields influenced principles economic doctrine considered nature source wealth result works reform proposals oriented improving agriculture livestock manufacturing free trade maintained fluent contact cities developing view led increased work largely areas territory maps designed period later prove great help crossing introduced new crops promoted use local fauna livestock production protected weaving industry increasing production cotton considered local crop similar quality cotton europe promotion education politicians advocate development important system report head suggesting creating schools agriculture commerce school agriculture teach important topics crop rotation specific ways work crop methods harvesting preservation seeds identification time previous attempts teach agriculture banished concerned higher education primary education promoted creation free schools poor children schools students learn read learn basic thought help raise people willing work reduce promoted creation schools women learn weaving reading aim generate intellectual women prevent ignorance learn things valuable daily living strong catholic aligned catholic perspective rejected mixed sex education contrast concern public education interrupted military campaigns rewarded victories equal gold kilograms rejected taking prize money considering patriot seek money wealth gave year assembly instructions build primary schools san laid series instructions methods requirements selection teachers schools built declared money lost included debt buenos_aires province decade later translations historian stated held deep admiration george_washington leader president united_states worked translation george_washington farewell address spanish language started working battle destroyed papers including unfinished translation prevent falling enemy hands resumed work finished battle sent buenos_aires publication george_washington farewell address considered important texts history united_states talks importance keeping national unity key maintain independence prosperity freedom ideas shared population legacy considered greatest heroes argentina history monument complex national flag memorial built honour flag park surround seat national celebrations flag day june anniversary death province declared honorary capital argentina august reference cruiser general sunk war named largest base navy small town province argentina bears small towns departments avenue leads flag memorial bear additionally northern neighbourhood buenos_aires city carries museum argentine flag protected glass case deteriorated condition claim original raised time ensign abandoned hidden inside small church near battle retreat flag given argentina authorities genoa italy commemorative statue end historiography biography autobiography wrote time stationed long remained unpublished biography written del general historical general authored wrote exile del sacramento work high political bias historian wrote spanish history scope expanded simple biography detailed instead argentine war independence work followed great man theory linking success war independence figure buenos_aires book included autobiography discovered book criticised contemporary argentine authors born provinces dismissed great man theory maintained work provinces argentine independence important buenos_aires criticised work general general historical general general dealt answer historical studies revolution books written provided biography different angle book debate las historical debate historical history replied argentina new history argentina considered history art form considered science rejecting historical backed primary sources disputes considered starting point studies currently held appears number history argentina appeared time according effect later included highest value circulation argentine number political military figures include later allowed current argentine displays series modified small details
Manuel Belgrano