retired class electric locomotives built norwegian state railways electrical equipment locomotives delivered year delay caused wartime sabotage response german occupation norway nearly exclusively line steep branch lines units replaced retired locomotives preserved class custom steep hills slow speeds featured low tonnes long tons short tons weight wheel arrangement allows long ton short ton axle load locomotives meters long power output kilowatts effort lbf maximum speed kilometres hour mph given road numbers history construction completed decided built branch lines branches steep set high demands locomotives kilometers long maximum gradient percent minimum curve radius meters maximum speed mph kilometers long maximum gradient minimum curve radius meters maximum speed mph mph downhill lines maximum permitted axle load tonnes long tons short tons standard gauge electrification system opened receive electric traction originally class electric multiple units march sent invitation tender multiple units similar class company asked aluminum steel bids abandoned plans instead signed agreement october delivery electric locomotives units intended delivered mechanical components assembly electrical parts delivered electric controllers built time norway occupied germany second world war overhead wire installed line locomotives nearly completed height resistance sabotage workers joined communist resistance group allied bombing germany thought production chain set assemble aircraft engines considered plant legitimate target factory blown severely damaged reconstruction took considerable time general lack materials head engineer project disappeared late locomotives sent station storage finished locomotives received installed oslo delivered cost locomotives million norwegian unit transferred remained stationed oslo west station units operating oslo problems brake operating differently depending direction train running observed issue fixed marginally changing voltage unit stationed periodically sent service oslo happened new unit stationed january returned unit sent february stationed late 1950s units stationed station duty starting late 1950s class 1970s started consider replacement class test run line concluded suitable minor adjustments 1960s replacement steam locomotives caused shortage electric locomotives start upgrade process 1980s single stationed winter local trains unit stationed order replaced class unit lack spare parts limited reliability accelerated need replace units scheduled trains unit taken use line second transferred station station hauled work trains unit taken service remained regular service unit painted green display retained red color scheme stored belonging specifications locomotives motors giving combined power output kilowatts main capable feeding motor heating equipment power output regulated steps voltage integrated main locomotives maximum speed mph effort lbf limited roof space installed limit axle load makes locomotives small compact weigh tonnes long tons short tons total train weight limited tonnes long tons short tons gives trains short length meters trains wheel arrangement addition air brakes train locomotives equipped brakes sufficiently powerful allow percent gradient braking motors connected air cooled resistance roof motor connected deliver current motors braking regulated steps backup units equipped track brake
NSB El 9