history surface weather analysis history surface weather analysis concerns developments related surface weather analysis initially tool study behavior storms surface weather analyses work progress explain current weather aid short term weather initial efforts create surface weather analyses began mid-19th century surface weather observations analyze display temperature cloud cover mid-20th century information placed station models plotted weather maps surface fronts norwegian cyclone model analyzed worldwide eventually observation plotting went manual exercise automated task computers surface analysis remains manual partially exercise hand paper mid nineteenth century use weather charts modern sense began middle portion 19th century weather map pioneers include sir created weather maps order theory storm systems invention telegraph possible gather weather information multiple distant locations quickly preserve value real time applications developed network observers central 1840s 1860s took helm beginning started producing surface analyses daily basis stations network inherited network act congress expanded west coast soon times daily stations telegraph observations central office plot information map lines equal pressure drawn identify centers high low pressure lines data map taken exactly time early days analyses lack time attempts time took hold great_britain united_states standard time come pass time zones started come use america railroad use entire united_states finally come influence time zones detroit finally established standard time late nineteenth century earliest surface analyses united_states featured map continental indications cloud cover wind direction arranged early form station model general indication weather cities country included map short time added tables showing hour pressure change hour temperature change relative humidity hour precipitation added general discussion weather features forecast adding maps end maps established format use introduction frontal analysis 20th century weather related functions branched new civilian agency known forerunner today national_weather_service internationally countries followed lead united_states regards taking simultaneous weather observations starting countries began preparing surface analyses australia weather map showed print media japan tokyo meteorological observatory forerunner began constructing surface weather maps published weather map april united_states philadelphia pennsylvania demonstrated daily weather map transmission telegraph accomplished published weather maps summer daily newspapers publishing weather maps boston new_orleans cincinnati san_francisco twentieth century use frontal zones weather maps appear introduction norwegian cyclone model late 1910s despite earlier attempt similar notion leading edge air mass changes bore resemblance military fronts world war term came use represent lines increasing newspapers published weather maps early century united_states passed number newspapers carrying weather maps decreased continued publishing interest flight increased interest maps 1930s beginning broadcasts weather information forecasts broadcast use ships sea united_states military united_states weather bureau cooperative basis starting weather maps published newspapers associated_press slightly processed format weather maps despite introduction norwegian cyclone model world war united_states formally analyze fronts surface analyses august opened downtown effort map plotting began united_states process complete 1970s hong_kong completed process automated surface plotting computer systems software finally sophisticated allow ability satellite imagery radar imagery model derived fields atmospheric thickness combination surface observations best possible surface analysis united_states development achieved replaced century surface analyses national_weather_service combined issued hours combines analyses different centers recent advances fields geographic information systems possible finely tailored products traditional weather map entirely new realm weather information quickly matched relevant geographical detail instance conditions mapped road network likely continue lead changes way surface analyses created displayed years
History of surface weather analysis