hunger hunger drive eat obtain pleasure absence energy deficit particular foods high rating individuals increased environmental food cues weight loss programs aim control compensate hunger influence eating behavior background hunger arise energy nutrient expected set point theories hunger eating hunger arise commonly anticipated pleasure eating consistent positive incentive perspective distinguished responses respectively accordingly hunger eating subject feedback control processes mechanisms overlap extent nonetheless individually separated positive incentive perspective suggests eating similar sexual behavior humans engage sexual behavior internal deficit evolved way makes high foods reward value evolution presence desirable food mere anticipation makes hungry psychological effects hunger equivalent driven activities recreational drug use gambling food cues lead society readily available dense inexpensive foods eating body ability regulate consumption related phenomenon specific appetite known specific hunger related distinct hunger specific appetite drive eat foods specific characteristics usage specific appetite greater emphasis individual learns particular appetite behavior innate appetite preference preference lead increased weight gain eating hungry food rating foods reflects likely eaten individual hungry example functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning suggests fed rats high preference mixture fat form potato chips compared standard single foods eating occurs presence energy thought frequent exposure food study evaluated ratings individual foods aggregate food components particular types meals related preferences overall intake individuals increased hunger environmental food cues genetic influence variation hunger levels person person key determining success weight loss tactics person ability cope foods readily available assess developed person anticipation consumption individuals eating disorders scored higher restrictive type normal weight college students decrease score leads better success weight loss food reinforcement reinforcing value food refers hard willing work obtain food food reinforcement influenced factors including food food food variety motivated concerns expected hunger experienced intervening period meals expected mechanisms food reinforcement depend activity brain treatment weight loss programs target control hunger specific research determine diet techniques beneficial increased hunger help people modify immediate availability food example grain better choice potato chips lower load increased sense adding fiber foods increases reduces energy intake meal low energy density foods high power useful tools weight management found greater fruit juice equal low energy density high energy density people high scores better meal replacement products affect eating behavior like diabetes help suppress food reward behavior transport brain increases concentrations reduce energy intake despite theoretical antagonists single agents generally shown substantial clinical benefit preliminary data suggested effects concurrent targeted therapy surgery types influence hunger particularly accompanied counseling reduce automatic work modifying production particularly increasing like reduction inconsistent
Hedonic hunger