architecture scotland roman era architecture scotland roman era includes building modern borders scotland arrival romans northern britain century bce departure fifth century indicated towns north roman province clear evidence urban settlements found probably evidence forts clyde forth line majority abandoned roman period evidence distinctive stone small underground romans began military expeditions scotland building forts like probably pushing north far created fortifications like soon abandoned romans settled occupation end century line drawn resulted fortifications building wall northern england moved construct new covered wall turf known wall largest roman structure modern scotland soon retreated wall occasional expeditions involved building forts collapse roman power early fifth century romans gave land north province possibly drawing earlier sources information contemporary accounts invasion identified towns archaeological evidence truly urban places found time names indicated hill forts temporary markets meeting places names obscure modern meaning rock west probably place east site evidence iron age scotland located clyde forth line majority circular single enclosure appear largely abandoned roman period numerous forts walls subjected fire date period accurate chronology created extensive studies type fort hill near angus suggest dates destruction site centuries bce mid millennium forts roman departure area roman occupation west north sites identified development earlier atlantic characteristic outer wall surrounding circle stone piers bearing resemblance wheel small underground constructions discovered scotland south east dated suggest construction date second centuries usually found close settlements timber frames preserved storing agricultural products early roman constructions romans began military expeditions scotland arrived britain appointment new governor began series major incursions years later constructed substantial fort near said pushed armies estuary usually assumed established forts including fortress victory northern tribes series forts towers established marked boundary lowland highland zones probably forming roman frontier scotland successors unable unwilling subdue far north fortress dismantled completion fortifications ridge abandoned space years occupation limited end century northern limit roman expansion line drawn fort dates period romans eventually withdrew line northern england building fortification known wall coast coast wall later invasions romans undertook southern scotland moving construct new clyde resulting wall largest roman construction inside scotland covered wall turf feet high nineteen forts extending miles stone foundations wing walls original forts demonstrate intention build stone wall similar wall quickly amended wide ditch north military way south romans initially planned build forts miles soon revised miles best preserved forts smallest rough castle fort addition forts smaller probably roman mile formed original scheme later replaced forts visible eastern end wall near having taken years build wall overrun abandoned soon romans retreated line wall roman troops penetrated far north modern scotland times major campaigns wall occupied brief period notable invasion emperor led major campaign string forts constructed north east begun earlier campaign include camps associated forts scotland valley definitely known permanently occupied evidence campaigns wholesale destruction abandonment southern scotland roman military aggression collapse local grain markets wake roman withdrawal death romans withdrew wall frontier roman authority britain collapsed fifth century
Architecture of Scotland in the Roman era