geography croatia geography croatia defined location described balkans croatia territory covers km2 making largest country world bordered serbia east west hungary north montenegro adriatic_sea south lies latitudes territorial waters encompass square kilometres nautical miles wide zone internal waters located cover additional square kilometres represent major parts croatia bulk croatia elevations metres sea level recorded country found northern regions especially plain plains interspersed structures believed broken surface islands greatest concentration ground relatively high elevations found areas high areas found regions croatia extent contain highest mountain croatia metre mountains croatia higher metres croatia adriatic_sea mainland coast kilometres long islands encompass kilometres coastline coastline mediterranean topography makes half croatia especially prominent coastal areas islands croatia territory encompassed black_sea drainage basin area includes largest rivers flowing country danube remainder belongs adriatic_sea drainage basin largest river far croatia moderately warm rainy continental climate defined climate classification mean monthly temperature ranges croatia number climate country consequently europe types regions croatia mediterranean coast immediate alpine elevated danube continental remaining areas protected natural areas croatia encompassing country known species croatia total number species estimated permanent population croatia census reached million population density inhabitants square kilometre overall life croatia birth years country inhabited minorities include serbs recognised constitution counties established croatia divided counties capital city counties cities municipalities average rate croatia stands growing urban population rural population largest city nation capital urban population city metropolitan area population populations split exceed cities croatia populations area borders croatia territory covers square kilometres square miles making largest country world physical geography croatia defined location described balkans croatia borders serbia east west hungary north montenegro adriatic_sea south lies latitudes extreme south croatia separated rest mainland short coastline strip belonging croatia kilometre border hungary inherited yugoslavia border hungary follows river bed border dates middle ages border defined border later renamed treaty present outline kilometre border kilometre border montenegro largely result ottoman conquest subsequent recapture territories great turkish war formally ending treaty fifth seventh ottoman venetian wars border minor modifications borders yugoslav constituent defined commissions implementing decisions federal organisation yugoslavia commissions defined croatian territories set present day kilometre border serbia croatia river mouth north hungarian border section matched border existed end world war kilometre border defined commissions matching northwestern border establishing new section croatian border north peninsula according ethnic composition territory previously belonging treaty peace italy islands cities went communist yugoslavia croatia carving city state area north placed italian control rest yugoslav control arrangement permanent treaty yugoslav croatia largely area population ethnic composition late 19th century austria-hungary established network elevation determined adriatic_sea average level pier subsequently retained austria adopted yugoslavia kept states emerged dissolution including croatia extreme points geographical extreme points croatia northernmost point near county easternmost point near westernmost point archipelago southernmost point mainland peninsula southernmost point maritime claims italy yugoslavia defined continental shelf adriatic_sea additional agreement boundary signed accordance treaty successor states yugoslavia accepted agreements prior yugoslavia breakup albania italy yugoslavia initially proclaimed nautical mile territorial waters subsequently reduced international standard nautical miles sides adopted systems croatia declared extending continental shelf boundary croatia territorial waters encompass square kilometres internal waters located cover additional square kilometres border disputes maritime border disputes croatia started negotiations define maritime borders failed agree resulting dispute countries declared economic zones partially overlap croatia application member state initially suspended pending resolution border disputes eventually settled agreement accept decision international arbitration commission set enabling croatia progress membership dispute caused major practical problems areas membership negotiations progress arbitration agreement maritime boundary croatia formally settled issues contested peninsula border area croatia montenegro maritime boundary disputed peninsula situation exacerbated peninsula occupation later serbian army turn replaced united_nations observer mission lasted croatia took area agreement allowed presence croatian waters bay dispute far contentious independence montenegro land border disputes land border disputes comparatively small strips land croatia border disputes lower course claims river left bank peak exact territorial claims appear limited military barracks peak wants border current river bed instead claims largely completely piece land near claims likewise process settled binding arbitration land border disputes croatia serbia countries presently control bank present day river croatia claims border line follow borders municipalities danube defined yugoslav commission effectively following river bed borders claimed croatia include islands danube territory border dispute specifically croatia claims channel right bank border claims course border physical geography topography croatia elevations metres sea level recorded country found country northern regions especially representing areas elevations metres sea level encompass croatia territory areas metres sea level cover country land metres sea level croatia territory elevated greater metres sea level greatest concentration ground relatively high elevations found areas areas found regions croatia extent represent major parts croatia croatia adriatic_sea mainland coast kilometres long islands kilometres coastline distance extreme points croatia coastline kilometres number islands includes islands rocks sizes including ones emerging low tide largest islands adriatic covering square kilometres tallest reaching metres sea level islands include permanently inhabited ones populous shore coastline mediterranean majority coast characterised topography developed adriatic platform largely began final raising rock exposed atmospheric effects rain extended metres present sea level exposed sea level drop estimated formations related earlier drops sea level notably crisis eastern coast largest consists rocks rock significantly represented coast coast opposite north split small areas adriatic coast croatia notably river delta western gradually having sunk metres past years evidence area island addition volcanic islands earthquakes frequent area adriatic_sea faint felt earthquake significant damage happens decades major earthquakes centuries linked late recent times fold thrust belt alpine extending southeast southern alps croatia encompass entire regions considerable parts northeastern edge running metre region westernmost metre metre mountains contain highest mountain croatia metre mountains croatia higher metres feet topography makes half croatia especially prominent numerous caves croatia deeper metres deeper metres deeper metres longest cave croatia time longest cave metres took shape crust structures formed late structures visible mountains processes led formation chain basin intensified observed flood contemporary severed water flow black_sea formed basin sediments transported basin uplifting mountains particularly deep sediments deposited pleistocene formation ultimately metres sediment deposited basin sea eventually drained iron gate gorge results large plains eastern regions river valleys especially plains interspersed structures believed broken surface islands tallest metre metre north partially metre metre tallest mountains surrounding adjacent consist rocks adjacent consists recent rocks sediments rocks forming main kilometre ridge hill represent largest croatia smaller piece terrain present near mountains possibly remnants volcanic arc plate collision caused largest croatia territory encompassed black_sea drainage basin area includes largest rivers flowing country danube rest belongs adriatic_sea drainage basin largest river far longest rivers croatia kilometre kilometre kilometre kilometre section danube longest rivers adriatic_sea kilometre kilometre section largest lakes croatia square kilometre located northern square kilometre near square kilometre reservoir square kilometre lake near square kilometre reservoir flows near croatia famous lakes lakes system lakes connecting limestone lakes renowned distinctive colours ranging mint green grey blue croatia remarkable wealth terms wetlands included list internationally important wetlands rivers near confluence danube delta near average annual precipitation rates millimetres millimetres respectively taking consideration overall water balance total croatian water resources cubic metres year capita including cubic metres year capita sources inside croatia climate croatia moderately warm rainy continental climate defined climate classification mean monthly temperatures range january july parts country snowy forested climate found elevations metres areas croatia adriatic coast especially immediate characterized mediterranean climate temperatures sea consequently temperature peaks pronounced continental areas lowest temperature recorded february highest temperature recorded august mean annual precipitation millimetres depending geographic region prevailing climate type precipitation recorded outer islands eastern parts case growing season precipitation observed mountain range highest annual precipitation totals europe occur prevailing winds interior light moderate northeast southwest coastal area prevailing winds determined local area features higher wind recorded cooler months coast generally frequently parts country outer islands hours sunshine recorded year followed southern adriatic_sea area general northern adriatic coast hours sunshine year biodiversity croatia subdivided number climate country consequently richest europe terms biodiversity types regions croatia mediterranean coast immediate alpine danube continental remaining areas significant habitats include submerged barriers underground habitats geology produced approximately caves pits inhabited exclusively cave dwelling animals cave european forests significant country cover square kilometres representing croatia land surface habitat types include wetlands habitats coastal marine habitats terms croatia specifically central european provinces region adriatic province divides land croatia mixed forests mixed forests deciduous forests croatia include temperate mixed forest mediterranean forests woodlands croatia known taxa endemic actual number including species estimated estimate supported nearly new taxa invertebrates discovered croatia thousand endemic species especially mountains adriatic islands rivers legislation protects species indigenous plants breeds animals numerous include breeds horses breeds cattle breeds sheep breeds pigs breed indigenous breeds include endangered critically endangered ones croatian protected areas encompassing country include national parks strict reserves nature parks accounting total protected area famous protected area oldest national park croatia lakes national park nature park man strict special reserves national nature parks managed protected central government protected areas managed counties set step preparation membership joining network habitat destruction represents threat biodiversity croatia developed agricultural land expanded previous natural habitats habitat occurs roads created expanded threat biodiversity introduction invasive species identified especially problematic ones invasive algae monitored regularly removed protect benthic habitat agricultural identified threat biodiversity ecology ecological croatia population industry varies significantly country regions population resides nation territory particularly high impact city areas combined area comprises croatia territory encompassing population ecological notably increased development settlements sea coast leading habitat greatest changes land use artificially developed areas scale development compared member states public institution established government croatia collect information environment identified ecological problems degrees progress terms environmental impact problems include inadequate legal presence illegal authorized illegal period number issued waste management licenses doubled annual municipal solid waste volume increased reaching kilograms pounds capita processes soil organic matter degradation present croatia increasing soil levels river plain spreading areas soil croatian air pollution levels reflect drop industrial production recorded onset croatian war independence pre war levels reached use led reduction dioxide emissions drop rise emissions halted reversed use petrol reduced emissions lead atmosphere air quality measurements indicate air rural areas essentially clean urban centres generally legal requirements significant sources greenhouse gas emissions croatia energy production industry agriculture average annual increase emissions remaining protocol limits use substances reduced use expected abolished croatia sufficient water resources disposal uniformly distributed public water supply network losses remain high estimated number stations monitoring surface water pollution increased reported cases water pollution period time organic waste pollution levels decreased slightly attributed completion new sewage treatment plants number increased reaching total nearly croatia quality unlike available surface water quality varies terms oxygen demand water analysis results croatian population served public water supply system population access public network systems use adriatic_sea water quality monitoring indicated good conditions coast areas increased identified port near areas localized pollution identified near larger coastal cities period identified cases marine pollution including vessels drop relative period encompassed previous report august land use croatia occupied square kilometres forest square kilometres land diverse agricultural uses including square kilometres total permanent crops bush grass cover present square kilometres territory inland waters took square kilometres marshes covered square kilometres country artificial surfaces primarily consisting urban areas roads non agricultural vegetation sports areas recreational facilities took square kilometres country area greatest impetus land use changes expansion settlements road construction croatian war independence numerous minefields croatia largely tracing lines suspected minefields covered square kilometres remaining minefields situated forests found agricultural land found land expected clearance complete regions croatia traditionally divided numerous overlapping geographic regions borders clearly defined largest readily recognizable ones country described region largely corresponding west comprise inland continental croatia consists regions southern general area city southernmost tip country northern located north encompassing geographical regions generally conform county boundaries administrative divisions encompass specific geographic regions human geography demographics demographic features croatian population known normally conducted year intervals analysed statistical 1850s performed task 1990s latest census croatia performed april permanent population croatia census reached million population density inhabitants square kilometre overall life croatia birth years population rose steadily exception taken following world wars million peaked million croatia death rate continuously exceeded birth rate natural growth rate population currently negative croatia currently demographic transition fourth fifth stage terms age structure population dominated year old segment median age population gender ratio total population males female croatia inhabited minorities include serbs recognised constitution croatia demographic history croatia marked significant including arrival area growth hungarian german speaking population personal union croatia hungary joining set ottoman conquests growth italian speaking population venetian rule austria-hungary collapse hungarian population declined german speaking population forced fled world war similar fate suffered italian population late 19th century 20th century marked large scale economic abroad 1940s 1950s yugoslavia marked internal yugoslavia recent significant came result croatian war independence hundreds thousands displaced croatian language croatia official language languages recognised minorities officially local government units croatian native language identified population survey revealed claim knowledge foreign language english largest religions croatia roman catholicism orthodox christianity islam literacy croatia stands proportion population aged attaining academic degrees grown rapidly doubling reaching estimated spent education primary secondary education available croatian languages recognised minorities croatia universal health care system nation spent healthcare net monthly income september averaged significant sources employment wholesale retail trade manufacturing industry construction october unemployment rate croatia median equivalent household income tops average purchasing power standard countries joined trailing average census recorded total million private households owned housing political geography croatia subdivided counties middle ages divisions changed time reflect losses territory ottoman conquest subsequent liberation territory addition changes political status traditional division country counties abolished 1920s subsequent kingdom yugoslavia introduced respectively communist ruled croatia constituent post yugoslavia abolished earlier divisions introduced rural municipalities croatia approximately municipalities counties reintroduced legislation significantly altered terms territory relative subdivisions instance croatia divided counties seats legislation established counties territory established eponymous region acquired treaty croatian constitution provided government counties names number counties actually established chamber counties elected counties established croatia divided counties capital city having authority legal status county city time outside city separate county borders changed instances reasons historical ties requests cities latest revision taking place counties cities municipalities nuts division croatia performed tiers nuts level places entire country single unit nuts regions central eastern croatia encompasses counties adriatic coast includes city counties croatia includes remaining areas counties individual counties city represent nuts level subdivision units croatia nuts local administrative unit divisions divisions match counties city effect making nuts units subdivisions correspond cities municipalities croatia average rate croatia stands growing urban population rural population largest city nation capital urban population city metropolitan area encompasses additional settlements year population area reached approximately residents live metropolitan area croatia urban population cities split largest settlements croatian adriatic coast city population croatian cities exceeding people district status standalone settlement city large population cities populated
Geography of Croatia