italian pronunciation november april italian catholic priest educator writer political activist major figure enlightenment poland years professor italy migrated polish lithuanian commonwealth associated magnate families member von court lithuania king august court commonwealth politically active warsaw year served king august aide king best remembered participation drafting constitution milestone act history polish political legislation organizers russian influence armed struggle held banners commonwealth partition poland interned austrians years polish activist constitution movement freed worked years polish russian statesman prince service russia retiring inspiration based figure war peace figures painting constitution page entry historian notes despite italian definitive biography early life born florence november family painters father mother brother joined order taking urban historians questioned took case known secular lifestyle taught rhetoric schools got doctorate professor teaching religious history greek soon involved political activism published anonymously titled del focused issue near churches received permission leave resumed use title priest life turn decade found faction losing politics decided giving arrived polish lithuanian commonwealth year tutor sons member magnate family said contemporary account entire material wealth time composed sizable library ended service family personal disagreements meantime associated family particular befriended member society tasked writing textbook history science time active warsaw traveled europe family including tutor young time developed extensive contacts european courts austria vienna italy france paris year stay residence touch important men age enlightenment met corresponded poland developed close contacts later important politician russian_empire retain significant influence reformer constitution developed contacts notable figures polish political scene initially group opposed royal faction end stay paris likely supporter reforms france poland begun taking steps political activism involvement group planning realized confederacy foreign member contacts won confidence poland king august agent paris end private secretary librarian official title acting sort cultural aide strong ties anti royal opposition important link particular king words swedish diplomat like spring constantly factions association conservative rome infamous staunch supporter revolutionary ideals accused vatican diplomats criticized king hiring revolutionary king defended case claims rumours spread political enemies according alleged crowds france kill king reality supported early stages direction peaceful transformation constitutional republic sent sensitive diplomatic missions king berlin places involved negotiations polish prussian alliance collaborated helping draft texts connected work legislature polish lithuanian commonwealth active supporter plan hereditary succession secretary resident warsaw credited winning king idea social reforms playing drafting constitution exact nature role regard constitution remains uncertain modern historians disagree degree played role convincing king collaborate leaders drafting constitution prepared expanded drafts document based discussions principal authors including king politically active roman catholic priest minimum helped process describes vital secretary editor certainly participated related discussions influenced king calls quarters constitution finally involved final preparations vote took place session later month founder active political causes worked closely key figures poland trusted adviser supported reforms improve status jews final years war defence constitution found diplomatic mission dresden stayed commonwealth defeat hands resulted second partition poland dresden nearby leipzig active circles polish patriotic included officially parted ways receiving letter discharged service involved preparations russian influence negotiations newly republican france polish proposed alliance france promising turn poland second republic europe time involved conservative negotiations russians july activists exiled leipzig soon arrested austrian authorities failure later prisoners set free kept imprisoned russian authorities insisted extremely dangerous final polish lithuanian commonwealth kept interned prague austrian empire authorities despite requests release release result efforts family release returned court served tutor daughter began working russian authorities time authored plan european federal organization states intended prevent armed conflicts maintain perpetual peace briefly worked diplomatic service administration russians like tried push friendly attitude poland russian court little success returned finally settled abandoned married ladies court final years involved educational system hoped pursue scientific studies lifelong dream found time died lung infection april buried park remembrance inspiration based figure war peace figures painting constitution page entry historian notes despite italian definitive biography
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