clergyman noted banished massachusetts bay colony subsequently establishing town exeter new_hampshire born lincolnshire england raised family substantial means received cambridge noted athlete college friend ordained vicar church lincolnshire held position years removed leaving new england warmly welcomed boston brother law wife beginning attract negative attention religious soon adherents reverend grace theology accused majority colony ministers works pitch controversy reached peak banished colony went north group followers harsh winter april established town exeter stay exeter lasted years massachusetts activated earlier claim lands forcing banished leave went east living order retracted way placed guilt wells returned massachusetts preach later helped complete sought events years earlier moved england family preached near home lincolnshire england entertained powerful friends england lord protector sir occupied key positions government political tide turned markedly years following death execution returned new_england minister salisbury massachusetts spent remainder life characterized contentious energetic courageous sincere called question opinions differed greatly early life born son lincolnshire england father died administered estate heir property lincolnshire grandfather named died young educated cambridge receiving college noteworthy athletic abilities celebrated american wrote young spark university noted ordinary stroke wrestling friend college mate later gained prominence lord protector england college ordained december following day ordained priest november married daughter vicar death father law vicar held position years wife died buried year soon married daughter sister wife years vicar suspended following attempt sell ministry patron funds travel new_england instead necessary funds convicted selling church offices completely removed office removal likely june daughter elizabeth baptized preached short soon anglican authorities opinions began making plans emigration england left england second wife mother living children massachusetts arrived boston massachusetts bay colony admitted boston church june wife mary mother year arrival ministers massachusetts taken notice religious gatherings relative marriage holding house began having questions preaching boston opinions strong advocate cotton theology views differed majority colony ministers soon embroiled major clash issue theological views arrival new_england preached primarily boston settlers owned land considered boston located miles south boston months alerted magistrate lay person boston church doctrines theology family love involved perfect union god holy spirit coupled freedom sin responsibility freed moral law grace form new england ministers opposed theological doctrines seeing cause violent bloody germany rebellion confronted accusations denied preaching doctrine colony ministers viewed cotton saw orthodox minister controversy early spring minister later renamed cambridge began correspondence boston minister letters notified cotton concern cotton theology strange opinions circulating members boston church cotton advocated god free grace path salvation differed colony ministers felt works necessary ingredient salvation arrived colony firm ally cotton theological differences opinions shared private correspondence soon began find way congregation pulpit aggression unnoticed soon began taking critical view works preached theological tension mounting colony wasn october noticeable record entry journal shortly october noted rising instead pointing fingers ministers instead blame sister law writing member church boston woman ready wit bold spirit brought dangerous errors person holy ghost justified person help evidence justification late october colony ministers confronted question religious opinions directly conference private outcome meeting favorable parties agreement cotton theology rested grace gave satisfaction ministers works help finding grace eyes god agreed effects conference short lived majority members boston church cotton held free grace ideas strongly wanted church second pastor cotton church pastor reverend free grace advocates wilson friend church took advantage rule requiring church vote appointment thought talents felt raise doubtful consent choose place way suggesting maintained doctrines december ministers met meeting produce agreement cotton warned question essentially works questioned directly accused ministers preaching works grace private theological differences begun toll political aspects colony massachusetts governor strong free grace advocate announced resignation special session deputies citing urgent matters england reason stepping broke concern god judgment come differences members boston church successfully induced withdraw resignation began debate responsible colony troubles like remainder colony deeply divided called general fast place january hopes restore peace fast day sermon appointed day thursday january preached morning focusing sermon need reconciliation spoke afternoon eyes lay person sermon appeared non threatening clergy historian called sermon notorious boston contribution pulpit rhetoric immediate reaction sermon noting journal ministers issues noted cotton party ministers thinking player developing controversy word sermon circulated aware character wrote walked works concerning preached works called stirred people bitterness free grace advocates hand encouraged sermon intensified crusade clergy church services lectures publicly asked ministers doctrines disagreed beliefs henry particular active challenging doctrines colony march trial months ministers charges noting fast day sermon met march called answer fast day sermon deputies sitting court time strong partisans known tolerance religious diversity compared fellow deputies led case charge brought preaching fast day sermon tending mutiny disturbance charges presented fast day sermon court dismissed day following departure supporters presented court petition signed people challenging court right try case conscience heard church petition rejected morning given private session court time asked court answer sermon afternoon court opened general public colony ministers present lines attack identifying doctrine cotton false doctrine difference new_england ministers cotton angry response brother doctrine according god letting court know going going essentially ended line attack additional ineffective attempts court hit idea asking colony ministers felt attacked sermon following evening discuss ministers returned court day cotton ministers said walk teach called works alluded sermon credit ministers presented means ordeal greatly impressed noted humanity respect interested reconciliation court continued course later noted priests got got major deputies casting votes declared guilty contempt having purposely set increase bitterness colony sentencing deferred court controversy political issue conviction pass fight friends protested formally governor deputies ruling wanted opinion entered court record court refused protest rejected reason prepared penned initial version edits tone rhetoric final version dangerously away suggesting court god inviting lord retribution resentment conviction high men signed document signed little consequence large number held office colony inhabitants colony years petition pretext severe penalties later inflicted signatories election political aspects controversy intensified governor unable prevent court holding session orthodox party ministers stood better chance winning elections held away boston election day governor wanted read petition defense party insisted elections place petition heard following debate majority wanting election place went common elected governor place additional measures taken free grace advocates election supported left addition court passed law strangers received colony longer weeks court permission declared law necessary prevent new immigrants added number free grace opponents order court met august informed opinions expect favor responded guilty ought death court intended sentence appeal king action taken sentencing deferred session began 2nd november meeting house spring street biographer wrote purpose meeting rid colony abandonment convictions orders business monday deal case long deferred hopes finally error ways asked ready confess offenses responded guilty preached truth christ responsible application ministers painted picture peaceful colony arrival fast day sermon boston men refused join war effort controversy arose town meetings court urged leave colony voluntarily seeing admission guilt demeanor sentenced court evening tuesday argument case court declared guilty read sentence convicted contempt disturbance peace court banished initially given march leave colony ordered preach interim refused given weeks depart jurisdiction asked security peaceful departure declined later realized defiance spending night custody directed preach weeks preparation refused time court determined injunction worth pursuing exeter wells exeter following events families went north went south island loyal friends removed region miles north boston spent severe winter following winter purchased rights indian son founded town exeter new_hampshire april wife children mother law left reach embryo settlement time married men spring half ties lincolnshire england immediately house worship built pastor need government soon apparent combination governing agreement drawn signed members church area inhabitants contrast infected settlement exeter community began smoothly wells stay exeter short lived bay colony planted settlement included purchase jurisdiction banished massachusetts territory began looking new place settle partners purchase began region northeast september obtained license deputy governor maine property purchased acres km2 land immediately built house large family mother law accompanied family died long afterward considerable number exeter accompanied wells church built pastor people left exeter continued hold highest regard slow hope return lifting probably felt peace massachusetts difficulty september exeter application reconciliation behalf bay colony replied given safe conduct return boston petition court appear acted regard massachusetts interested fences invited held prompted communicate ministers pleased demeanor likely coached frame letter wrote letter september reached boston october court heavily inclined order offered safe conduct present case court sent personal letter responded letter come letter rested claim justice mercy willing desert principles concession error bring reconciliation peace sacred calling second letter recommended appear court person willing matter rested legislature acted physical presence following concession letter carriages justice taken received member commonwealth added court honest intent letters extended grace based admission correspondence taking place issue arose early publication entitled short story rise reign ruin infected churches new england published london author work stated reverend thomas provided introduction preface scholars years unanimously attributed authorship work said book published hardly balanced account events biographer wrote characterized bitter partisan production day received intelligence concerning publication time received letter lifting assumptions deeply tenor work coming time making putting events controversy help encouragement influential ministers want friends relatives england impressions time new_england unfair account opposed defend character obtained assistance friends help publish response published london presumably son england attending jesus college cambridge time bell says work tone temper superior short story devoted especially author views school vogue contains key detractors indicates mind trained logical learning times years received invitation church town jurisdiction massachusetts join reverend pastor church apparent went spring entered written agreement committee church town installed minister april accounts june job afforded year old larger salary parish wells important consideration given large size family longer frontier setting reach professional culture social aligned educational background court town acknowledged service gifts land greatest gift came different form short story reverend largely accepted england endorsed prominent scottish divine reverend probably long felt attitudes conveyed short story release likely aware drafted petition legislature following declaration willing recall uncomfortable differences passed court concerning matters religion know charged long given satisfaction elders generally years officer church sic jurisdiction offence far know informed useful sic instrument good church self published massachusetts court allowed relationships new_england felt accusations authors short story work survey spiritual intent clearing people england london published brief plain apology lengthy subtitle read errors charge short story survey purpose publishing work innocence trial recognized views process saved acquired grace accepted correct orthodox chose emphasize seven theological issues divided consisted substance doctrine provided basis fast day sermon following pages text events personalities says justice served accused political crimes contempt real reason differences ministers goes accuse prosecutors engaging dealings working secret learned dealings magistrate friend possibly secretly proceedings gave section cotton defense included conceive brother doctrine according god words published cotton way churches cleared middle section accusing lying readers stem portrays orthodox minister following lead early abbreviated returns accusations ends work claiming right writing brief plain apology commenced early short story published based events written massachusetts court half work refers author singular person clearly thinking written entire piece later apology refers authors realizing writing material mentions author short story certainly come realize author books cotton mentioned fact aside died reputation effective colonial leader respected england colonies rational reason good england late moved england family home town wife mary received final salary payment church late summer preaching lincolnshire december salary granted minister lincoln great charge children addition salary allowed extraordinary events recently england king charles executed power hands freedom pulpit given power personal friend lord protector gone college close events reached high positions government prominent men working political religious liberty estranged hostile early retired public life moved highest position authority england received described classmate way remember time afraid meeting football meeting army field sure wrote letter church dated april described meeting writing discourse private space hour speeches orthodox probably spent time england lincolnshire preaching likely preached estate sir greatly noticed arrival kingdom possible encouraged publish apology death events favorable england monarchy returned power king charles_ii imprisoned role england executed june situation returned new_england summer ministers visiting kingdom salisbury position church expected filled absence quickly called residents neighboring town salisbury pastor december years old installed longest varied life lasting nearly years probably noteworthy event tenure salisbury occurred late life major prominent member church collided winter multiple reasons severe friction men new_england pike tolerant reason election pike traveled way vote governor office recent local cause likely division salisbury town created years earlier pike certain claims wrote petition court march court sided easily pike enlisted support members church town following called intervention civil authorities intervention occur immediately leaving sides cast majority church members supported large minority support pike attempted subject pike discipline misconduct refused judgment church spring members church town petitioned court cause disturbance preaching tendency pit person requested removed ministry pike biographer wrote pike opposed arbitrary devices church extent legislature appointed committee earlier proposed effort able establish peace parties assigned fault matter pike required concession faults church prompted return communion known matter resolved october sold property lincolnshire purchased gentleman son law husband youngest daughter sarah june given following earlier recommendation assistant reverend later minister executed salem witch trials nearly years old died november buried east village graveyard marker placed years graveyard memorials installed recognizing historical significance deed deed found ancient files maine near brought flock settle wells deed dated showed recipients land indian southern new_hampshire document deed implied present new_england known vicar lincolnshire time historians declared deed biography presented case deed legitimate known vicar required send parish registers central year march found signature attached march found leaving door wide open possibility come new_england time frame returned england bell published book missing found proving left england ministry demonstrating certainty deed death governor bell acknowledged sequence events deed ingenious stated letter legacy biography provided mixed assessment character calling contentious lacking spirit shrink controversy massachusetts blame temper spirit displayed moderate carriage bitterness strife bell found called notably energetic courageous sincere called question differed widely governor favored proceedings said publicly love brother person honor gifts god new_england divine historian spoke man root matter historian massachusetts governor called minister character learning new_hampshire historian styled gentleman learning zeal room pond lee new_hampshire site battle king william war avenue exeter named family children survived adulthood wife children survived childhood came new_england oldest child marriage military officer lived wells colonel maine militia involved indian wars home second wife children baptized england survived leaving children immigration new_england children born arriving new_england survived married
John Wheelwright