russian battleship russian pre dreadnought battleship imperial_russian_navy built france end 19th century ship design formed basis russian built class battleships based port arthur entering service fought russo japanese war flagship admiral battle yellow sea interned battle end war ship transferred helped suppress mediterranean cruise helped survivors earthquake active early world war bored sailors joined general mutiny early named ship participated lightly damaged ship seized russian revolution late decommissioned following year scrapped design description ship ordered authorised defend russia newly acquired ice free port port arthur russian shipyards capacity decided order ships abroad specifications issued june days later chief designer french shipyard proposed design based french battleship approved design changes french readily agreed general admiral grand duke selected french design competing proposal contract signed july cost million million delivery months obvious design feature hull advantages allowed greater narrow upper decks reduced structural weight vessel hull increased field fire guns mounted sides reduced ship roll heavy seas great disadvantage reduced stability contributed excessive heel turns battle august imperial_japanese_navy observers thought going suddenly turned metres long overall beam metres draught metres ship displaced tonnes long tons crew consisted officers enlisted men ship powered vertical triple expansion steam engines steam generated belleville boilers working pressure cm2 kpa psi boilers fitted feed water engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots mph exceeded design speed reached knots mph indicated horsepower official machinery trials july august normally carried long tons coal carry maximum long tons allowed ship steam nautical miles speed knots mph fitted steam driven generators total capacity kilowatts armament fire control main armament consisted pairs calibre inch guns mounted center pivot electrically powered twin gun turrets fore aft guns russian built turrets france guns loaded angles elevation turrets traverse trials revealed ammunition tended jam ship rolling shipyard shipped new port arthur russians wanted ship far_east soon possible installed january rounds gun carried guns fired shell seconds fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation secondary armament ships consisted dozen caliber model inch guns mounted electrically powered twin gun turrets upper deck corner turrets arc fire center turrets cover inch gun provided rounds rate fire rounds minute fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range approximately yards number smaller guns carried defense torpedo boats included calibre millimetre guns hull remaining mounted superstructure ship carried shells gun fired pound shell muzzle velocity maximum range yards elevation mounted millimetre hotchkiss guns superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute smaller millimetre hotchkiss guns fitted locations unknown ship carried millimetre torpedo tubes mounted water bow stern broadside underwater tubes located near forward inch magazine carried total torpedoes ship carried mines laid protect anchorage remote areas ship fitted coincidence images superimposed derive range gunnery officer calculated proper elevation required hit target transmitted commands electro mechanical fire control transmission system turret protection latest krupp armor version french cellular armor scheme consisted length waterline armoured belt armored decks belt subdivided compartments store coal intended ship afloat regardless damage inflicted upper armoured deck waterline armor belt metres high metres waterline normal load maximum thickness millimetres length metres amidships gradually reduced thickness millimetres bow millimetres stern belt tapered thickness millimetres edge amidships presumably tapered length waterline belt upper armour metres high maximum thickness millimetres slightly shorter waterline belt similarly reduced thickness ends ship forward consisted millimetre armour plates millimetres aft armor main gun turrets supporting tubes millimetres thick roofs millimetres thick upper armour deck armour support tubes decreased millimetres turrets secondary armament millimetre sides millimetres roofs sides conning tower millimetres thick millimetre roof communications tube extended upper armoured deck protected millimetre armour funnel protected millimetres armour height deck upper armoured deck upper armour belt deck ran length ship consisted millimetre armour plate laid millimetre deck plating waterline belt layers millimetre armour extended length ship width curved downward belt connected lower edge belt millimetre plate continued downward ship inner plates formed sort torpedo bulkhead bulkhead metres ship extended length metres backed coal construction service construction began named title heir russian throne shipyard france ship laid july launched february construction supervised captain ship captain entered service august assigned far_east arrived port arthur december completion best battleship beginning russo japanese war russo japanese war ships struck japanese torpedoes surprise attack port arthur night february hit torpedo bulkhead ship took list partially corrected compartments starboard got underway ran aground narrow harbor entrance refloated moved harbour repairs lasted june ship guns removed summer reinforce defenses port lost total millimeter millimeter millimeter guns ship hit twice august japanese inch shells fired long range fragment lightly wounded morning august sortied port arthur attempt break japanese fleet blockading port reach russian squadron consisted battleships protected cruisers destroyers japanese fleet commanded admiral comprised battleships armoured cruisers seven protected cruisers suffered mechanical problems hour departure forced fleet slow speed knots mph failed attempt cross russian spotting general engagement began japanese ships concentrating fire effective russian fire forced closed russians hours later opened fire able mortally damage ships russians lead half hour daylight left inch shells fired struck near conning tower shell fragments bounced conning tower roof conning tower killing staff officers ship turned port steering wheel jammed followed battleships focus attention japanese ship captain decided charge japanese buy time fix steering problem succeeded squadron second command rear admiral prince gradually asserted command scattered russian ships ordered port arthur darkness attempted head north dark damaged funnels greatly increased coal consumption reduced speed knots mph forced head german treaty port instead destroyers escort arrival following day companions interned disarmed ship hit thirteen inch inch shells killed wounded members crew post russo japanese war end russo japanese war ship transferred baltic early helped suppress rebellion later year fighting removed superstructure cut guns superstructure apparently removed regular winter cruises mediterranean world war aided survivors earthquake december ship machinery overhauled amidships guns removed years later active early world war reportedly received anti aircraft guns war inactivity bored sailors joined general mutiny early renamed russian meaning citizen april february revolution ship took october climatic battle engaged german october little effect engaged german dreadnoughts fired hit twice killing wounding crewmen hit caused significant damage german dreadnoughts forced retreat abandon moon sound face german pressure december ship came control scrapped beginning officially stricken november
Russian battleship Tsesarevich