statue grade listed equestrian statue 12th century english monarch richard known reigned stands granite pedestal old palace yard outside palace westminster facing south entrance house_of_lords created baron italian sculptor works popular european nobility regarded critics artistic establishment statue produced clay displayed great exhibition located outside west entrance received time years later queen_victoria prince albert headed list subscribers fund aimed raise money casting statue bronze money duly raised bronze cast statue finally completed lengthy dispute delayed installation years original idea erect statue memorial great exhibition prompted opposition proposals place outside newly completed locations display statue initially considered agreement reached placed old palace yard preferred location installed october march finally completed addition bronze pedestal quality statue caused problems half century horse tail fell day installed great exhibition years installation discovered holes properly attached pedestal narrowly escaped destruction second world war german bomb dropped blitz landed metres away pedestal horse tail damaged richard sword bent blast parliamentary authorities undertook project conserve restore statue description statue created baron located old palace yard outside palace westminster opposite london pedestal stands metres high showing king richard horseback king depicted wearing crowned helmet shirt lifting sword air horse ground preparing charge battle described work inspired richard accurately depicting 12th century knight stands granite pedestal designed cornwall relief panels showing fighting battle richard deathbed archer fatally shot added east west sides pedestal statue accessed general public area house_of_lords car park west scene showing richard visible street according designed style doors florence bronze letters pedestal bear inscription richard history creation display great exhibition born italy lived worked france creating number prestigious works royalist french government 1830s creating equestrian statues duke wellington erected glasgow 1840s popularity continental europe decline french revolution saw final overthrow french monarchy prompted london seek new patrons british elite popular victorian artistic establishment punch referred count wrote owed success life royal noble patrons artistic merit certainly true benefited patronage queen_victoria prince albert manners impressed victoria meeting soon involved plans great exhibition countries planned display sculptures romantic historical figures contributions exhibition genre common mainland europe relatively rare england time probably aware belgian sculptor intended statue leader crusade belgium commissioned men number connections shared bronze founder paris influenced earlier acclaimed statue duke italian sculptor probably motivated sense competition belgian designing creation clay model statue involved sculptor painter king personal physician singers mario contributed manual input clay model statue displayed statues positioned outside western entrance crystal palace unfortunately poorly assembled shortly opening exhibition horse tail fell repaired statue eventually attracted critical acclaim art critic said model tend educate public respect art centuries came regarded popular items exhibition prince albert personally took statue stands grand place brussels later describe vigorous spirited example class sculpture casting dispute location major general proposed exhibition bronze cast statue serve memorial exhibition marking end site crystal palace statue prince albert end campaign got underway years later variety great good signing promoting scheme erect statue london supporters included duke lord sculptor novelist manufacturer conservative future prime minister times strongly favour project influence foreign affairs reporter known early let known supporters queen victoria prince albert future location statue contentious issue outset fox proposal site sidelined favour leaving site open future consideration theme relation great exhibition questioned pointed contradiction great peace congress asked foreign sculptor selected commemorate british exhibition lord mayor london similarly critical declaring statue depicted muscular power savage war great exhibition afforded example nations criticism unrelated fact promoting rival scheme commemorate exhibition criticised statue lack realism times observed statue installation sculptor sacrificed close fit given richard mail shirt display swelling folded mass pectoral muscle accurately jersey despite criticism equivalent today raised private donations bronze version created parliament subsequently agreed contribute pedestal installed sides plaster version placed new palace yard facing west outside westminster hall architect palace opposed placement criticised location grounds statue merely novelty worse depicted subject son bad governor suffered lost architectural details early plaster statue removed statue cast bronze workshop established early 1850s road casting statue nation summer question location essential resolve sites considered including outside buckingham palace near marble arch prince albert suggested locating outside west entrance looking newly created victoria street punch mocked ongoing search location august issue calling richard wandering statue london anonymous writer asked find standing room fugitive king spot royal academic stable driven taken bait proposed install old palace yard outside south window idea considered deemed acceptable sir opposed reasoning old palace yard limited area irregular form approaches effect work art positively preferred location symmetry formally laid square dispute continued commissioner works lord finally agreed install statue favoured location time sir seriously ill died longer position offer opposition installation subsequent history parliament voted fund pedestal statue carved granite transportation delays meant october statue placed pedestal unveiled public completely bronze shield placed end pedestal shortly installation times probably reporter declared installation statue great removed london finally great equestrian monument displayed combination life claimed richard ranked great statues class europe critics british critic poet essentially vulgar low class work precisely grounds forth wonder spectators said particularly appreciated london horses nearby intended add pedestal sunk panels ready installed proposed create alto style doors florence depicting coronation richard taking richard prisoner richard deathbed quoted parliament voted instead grant scenes death richard accepted commission created plaster models installed models france remains today set wall cottage adjoining french estate bronze relief deathbed scene added pedestal august taking installed march criticised deathbed scene excessively stretched noted similarities painting displayed created depicted subject pursued abortive project install second giant equestrian statue old palace yard time portraying edward black prince envisaged statues facing entrance house_of_lords scheme reported journals including strongly criticised perceived thematic came different versions model came light turn 21st century appear designed time richard demonstrating common origins models statues certainly existed workshop probably intended seek commission prince albert death prince consort deprived influential patron death follow queen victoria purchased versions following sculptor death gave son edward prince wales statue required repair work occasions fix damage defects months installed reported strong gusts wind pronounced sound promised strengthen legs necessary winter frost damaged horse statue found leaks letting water interior statue causing damage discovered statue properly attached pedestal merely resting weight ends base repair work took place remedy problems statue damaged second world war large german bomb hit old palace yard september blitz bomb exploded metres away statue reportedly lifted ground upper sword bent tail horse suffered holes pieces high commissioner canada argued sword left strength democracy bend break attack sword replaced repair work damage pedestal seen statue received listed status february summer parliamentary authorities undertook week conservation project repair restore statue consisted removing accumulated dirt old coating black wax bronze surface return original colour treating clear wax protection pollution elements pedestal cleaned treated pedestal
Richard Coeur de Lion (statue)