commonly known swollen inflated large floating large suspended aquatic plant belongs genus perennial native southeastern coastal plains united_states confused similar smaller reported exist locations traditional range new_york southeastern massachusetts studies populations suggest introduction location lead altered sediment chemistry reducing net primary productivity native species listed state washington problematic species dense mat forming habit aquatic plants invasive description larger suspended aquatic species genus like aquatic true roots leaves main stem plant meter long longer thick branched divisions occasionally produce floating air shoots water surface like organs substrate leaf like structures appear additional branches main tiny like structures true leaves terminology disputed experts leaf structures numerous long originating base primary unequal segments divided extensively additional segments traps long produced leaf segments numerous native range perennial species begin flower january continue june phase growth produces visible noticeable morphological features species floating spoke like structures water surface support called float typically produces float spoke long wide half bear numerous branched leaf like segments possess traps long erect produced center floating usually solitary possess individual plant produce typically distant produce flowers unequal long entire long bright yellow brown colored veins spur brown markings lower lobe species number common form larger populations larger race called twice large regular species populations race located florida distribution habitat native southeastern united_states taxonomic monograph listed following states native populations species located alabama arkansas delaware florida georgia kentucky louisiana new_jersey tennessee texas virginia addition states online plants database acknowledges populations connecticut maryland michigan mississippi new_york oklahoma pennsylvania states maryland michigan new_york classified endangered threatened species tennessee listed species special concern inhabits aquatic environments lakes ditches swamps shallow deep waters low altitudes early specimens beginning collected recorded outside traditionally accepted range populations established washington state new_york massachusetts colonies washington obvious introductions populations new_york massachusetts likely result recent introductions difficult certainty introduced southeastern massachusetts samples gathered beginning representing collection north new_jersey east coast identified substantial population location indicated human aided introduction species massachusetts likely purposes late 18th century notes transfer native range likely years collection massachusetts study area spruce pond new_york yielded record authors study speculate unlike population found massachusetts unlikely population result human introduction pond remote area rarely recently study northern new_york identified populations lakes representing northern extension range lakes frequently encountered species census lakes found whatsoever impressive growth probably new location species similar growth patterns invasive aquatic plant species authors study noted sites native species declined frequency found possibly presence lab experiments observations field supported authors hypothesis presence lake systems damages natural nutrient cycles sustain native flora likely shades native flora specifically releases oxygen sediment case indirectly change cycle lakes growth native subsequently having negative effect proper balance sediment chemistry consequence include enhanced growth algae changes ecology freshwater ecosystems invade earlier collections massachusetts new_york population located washington specimens recorded sound area lakes mason pierce counties population recorded southern information species provided state includes statement presence probably result discarded washington indicates areas occurs forms dense floating recreational activities residents lake extensive populations spend thousands dollars summer rid lake dense variety control methods control including treatment utilizing grass manual extraction washington considers species problematic classified instead monitor list wetland aquatic species meaning prohibited sell species included state list future plant species require specific environmental conditions thrive narrow habitat tolerance means plants threatened endangered native ranges ability thrive variety locations introduced represents ability tolerate larger range habitats plant species cultivation species cultivated plant enthusiasts requires swift growth easier suspended aquatic species author says species easiest suspended aquatic grown rice mentions aid cultivation particularly difficult species sensitive high nutrient concentrations growing species grow rapidly presence higher nutrients allows enjoy conditions rice aquatic species information resource indicate cultivation species suspected likely source introduction washington spread lake lake washington probably result moving lake lake carrying plants botanical history named described mistaken similar morphology overlapping distribution past placed rank variety identified var minor noted way smaller elevate var minor species level studies taxa mixed treat treated varieties species considered different allied species supported separation taxa different species authoritative monograph genus solidified species
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