salt march salt march known march act civil colonial india initiated produce salt practice local populace british officials introduced taxation salt production deemed sea salt activities illegal repeatedly force stop day march began march direct action campaign tax resistance protest british salt monopoly gained worldwide attention gave impetus indian independence movement started nationwide march significant organised challenge british authority non cooperation movement directly followed declaration sovereignty self rule january led march base near city people began march intended walk miles coastal village located small town called state continued day march produce salt paying tax growing numbers indians joined way broke salt laws april sparked large scale acts civil british salt laws millions indians campaign significant effect changing world british attitudes indian sovereignty self rule caused large numbers indians join fight time making salt continued southward coast producing salt addressing meetings way planned stage miles south arrested midnight days planned action march ensuing drew worldwide attention indian independence movement extensive newspaper coverage salt tax continued year ending release jail negotiations lord indians jailed result failed result major concessions british campaign based principles protest called loosely translated truth force demand literally formed sanskrit words truth insistence early chose main tactic winning indian sovereignty self rule british rule appointed organise campaign chose british target salt march beating british police hundreds protesters received worldwide news coverage demonstrated effective use civil technique fighting social political injustice teachings march significant influence american activists movement civil rights blacks minority groups 1960s declaration sovereignty self rule midnight december raised flag india banks led publicly issued declaration sovereignty self rule january literally sanskrit complete self rule complete self rule declaration included readiness taxes statement believe right indian people people freedom enjoy fruits life opportunities growth believe government people rights people right alter abolish british government india deprived indian people freedom based exploitation masses ruined india economically politically culturally believe india british connection attain complete sovereignty self rule gave responsibility organising act civil congress ready charge expected arrest plan begin civil aimed british salt tax salt act gave british monopoly collection manufacture salt limiting handling government salt depots salt tax violation salt act criminal offence salt freely available living coast sea water indians forced purchase colonial government choice salt protest focus initially choice salt tax met ambivalent suggested land revenue boycott instead statesman prominent newspaper wrote choice difficult laugh imagine mood thinking indians british establishment disturbed plans resistance salt tax lord threat salt protest seriously writing london present prospect salt campaign awake night sound reasons decision salt tax deeply symbolic choice salt nearly india replace salt lost india tropical climate item daily use classes citizens abstract demand greater political rights salt tax represented british tax revenue hurt indians significantly explaining choice said air water salt greatest necessity life contrast leaders prominent congress statesman future governor general india understood viewpoint public meeting said suppose people rise revolt attack abstract constitution lead army statutes civil directed salt tax land tax particular point final end time aim shoot straight felt protest way meaningful indians reasoned build unity muslims fighting wrong touched equally protest gathered steam leaders realised power salt symbol remarked unprecedented popular response spring suddenly released members long standing commitment civil termed basis achieving indian sovereignty self rule referring relationship saw connection means end seed tree wrote means employed change direction progress likely opposite change brought political condition pure means lead real progress synthesis sanskrit words truth insistence went far mere passive resistance strength practising methods words truth implies love serves synonym force began indian movement force born truth love gave use phrase passive resistance connection english writing avoided instead word significant attempt india leading mass non cooperation movement succeeded raising millions indians protest british created violence broke mob killed unarmed policemen suspended protest opposition congress members decided indians ready successful resistance successful succeeded british government winning significant concessions importantly extensive press coverage scored propaganda victory proportion size later claimed success confirmed belief gradually shall come know importance victory gained shown way cleared lies route cure recruited heavily participants march passed villages took protests preparing march february newspapers reported begin civil salt laws salt begin march end breaking salt act april chose april launch mass breaking salt laws symbolic reason day national week begun conceived national strike act prepared worldwide media march issuing regular statements regular prayer meetings direct contact press expectations heightened repeated statements anticipating arrest increasingly dramatic language hour approached entering life death struggle holy war performing embracing sacrifice wish offer dozens indian european american newspapers film companies responded drama began covering event march wanted discipline adherence reason recruited members residents trained strict standards discipline day march pass districts villages route march evening stopping place planned based recruitment potential past contacts timing sent scouts village ahead march plan talks resting place based needs local residents events village scheduled publicised indian foreign press march wrote lord offering stop march met demands including reduction land revenue assessments cutting military spending imposing foreign cloth salt tax strongest appeal regarded salt tax letter makes appeal heart eleventh day month shall proceed workers disregard provisions regard tax poor man standpoint sovereignty self rule movement essentially land beginning evil mentioned earlier held prospect salt protest disdain ignored letter refused meet march set motion remarked knees asked bread received stone instead eve march brought thousands indians hear speak regular evening prayer american academic writing nation reported persons gathered bank river hear arms arms remarkable war march march scheduled set foot coastal village kilometres starting point salt march called white flowing river people joining procession wearing white according statesman official government newspaper usually played size crowds functions people crowded road separated day march kilometres ended village spoke crowd villages march passed volunteers collected donations registered new received village officials chose end operation british rule entered village crowds greeted beating drums gave speeches attacking salt tax salt poor man struggle night slept open thing asked villagers food water wash felt bring poor struggle sovereignty self rule necessary eventual victory thousands leaders like joined day people joined march procession miles long spirits sing hindu walking greeted people reached gathered gave interviews wrote articles way foreign journalists bombay cinema companies shooting footage turned household europe america end time magazine man year new_york_times wrote daily salt march including page articles april near end march declared want world sympathy battle right arriving april interviewed associated_press reporter stated government policy complete non interference adopted march wish believe non interference real change heart policy disregard shown popular feeling high handed action leave room doubt policy exploitation india persisted cost interpretation non interference powerful sensitive world opinion tolerate repression extreme political civil undoubtedly long remains civil necessarily non violent remains seen government tolerate tolerated march actual breach salt laws countless people tomorrow following morning prayer raised mud declared shaking foundations british_empire boiled producing illegal salt thousands followers likewise begin making salt convenient villagers making illegal necessary salt accompanied march ages men hailed parts country march gathered people gained momentum following list names beginning march end simply dispersed march memorial created inside campus mass civil mass civil spread india millions broke salt laws making salt buying illegal salt salt sold illegally coast india pinch salt sold equivalent time reaction british government arrested thousand people end month begun quickly grew mass british cloth goods unpopular forest laws defied peasants refused pay tax threat losing crops land took refusing pay tax british responded laws including censorship correspondence declaring congress associate organisations illegal measures slowed civil movement led muslim disciple trained activists called april arrested crowd gathered british ordered troops battalion open fire machine guns unarmed crowd killing estimated acted accord training willingly facing bullets troops fired soldier troops renowned refused fire crowds entire platoon arrested received heavy penalties including life imprisonment marched india west coast close associate later sovereign india governor general organized salt march parallel east coast group started madras presidency coastal village making illegal salt arrested british civil marked time women mass participants struggle freedom thousands women large cities small villages active participants asked men salt march eventually women began manufacturing selling salt india early activist remarked old great bring pitchers salt water houses manufacture illegal salt shout voices broken salt law growing number women fight sovereignty self rule new feature according lord government report involvement women stated thousands emerged homes order join congress demonstrations assist presence occasions work police required perform particularly unpleasant violence calcutta unlike suspension violence broke non operation movement time appealing violence end time honoured killed congratulated parents finished sacrifices sons warrior death matter sorrow british documents british government shaken protest left british confused jail british police officer stationed india wrote memoirs felt time dealt congress demonstrations british government including secretary state india preferred fighting violent opponents aftermath avoided active involvement march stayed close contact developments india created temporary near urged women followers bombay mumbai picket liquor shops foreign cloth said foreign cloth schools colleges major action decided raid miles south wrote lord telling plans midnight sleeping grove drove indian officers thirty heavily armed arrested regulation calling people engaged unlawful activities held trial near went ahead planned seventy year old retired judge leading march wife arrested reaching sentenced months prison arrests march continued leadership woman poet freedom fighter warned use violence circumstances beaten resist raise hand ward blows soldiers began steel tipped incident attracted international attention correspondent reported raised arm fend blows went like stood heard clubs unprotected waiting crowd sympathetic pain blow struck fell unconscious pain fractured broken shoulders minutes ground bodies great patches blood widened white clothes survivors breaking ranks marched struck finally police enraged non resistance commenced kicking seated men abdomen injured men fury police police began dragging sitting men arms feet yards throwing ditches speaker assembly watched remarked hope india british_empire lost forever miller attempts story publisher england censored british telegraph operators india threatening expose british censorship story allowed pass story appeared newspapers world read official record united states senate senator succeeded drawing attention world millions saw showing march time magazine declared man year comparing march sea britain salt tax defied british tea tax civil continued early finally released prison hold talks time held talks equal terms resulted pact talks lead end long term effect produced progress dominion status self rule india win major concessions british failed attract muslim support congress leaders decided end official policy congress members drifted apart withdrew congress concentrate programme included efforts end movement british authorities control mid-1930s indian british world opinion increasingly began recognise legitimacy claims sovereignty self rule campaign 1930s forced british recognise control india depended entirely consent indians significant step british losing consent considered high water mark association felt lasting importance changing attitudes indians course movements exercised tremendous pressure shook government machinery real importance mind lay effect people especially village masses non cooperation dragged gave self respect self reliance acted submit easily oppression outlook widened began think little terms india remarkable transformation congress leadership credit thirty years later march exercised strong influence american civil rights activist fight civil rights blacks 1960s like people heard studied seriously read deeply fascinated campaigns resistance particularly moved salt march sea numerous concept truth equals love force means truth force love force profoundly significant deeper philosophy skepticism concerning power love gradually diminished came time area social reform partial enactment commemorate great salt march proposed partial enactment kilometres 75th anniversary event known international walk justice freedom great grandson fellow followed route start march march attended indian cabinet ministers walked kilometres participants halted night april commemoration ending april series commemorative stamps issued 75th anniversary march date issue april
Salt March