numerous variants arabic audio october commonly known colonel revolutionary politician political theorist governed libya revolutionary chairman arab republic leader initially committed arab nationalism arab socialism came rule according international theory embracing son impoverished goat involved politics school subsequently founding revolutionary cell military seized power absolute monarchy king coup chairman governing abolished monarchy proclaimed republic ruling decree implemented measures remove viewed foreign influence libya strengthened ties arab nationalist governments intent pushing libya islamic socialism introduced basis legal system oil industry increased revenues bolster military implement social programs fund revolutionary world initiated popular revolution formation purported system direct democracy retained personal control major decisions outlined international theory year publishing ideas green book dissolved republic created new socialist state state masses officially adopting symbolic role governance retained power military commander chief head responsible suppressing opponents overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts egypt support foreign alleged responsibility bombing led libya label international particularly hostile relationship developed united_states united_kingdom resulting bombing libya united_nations imposed economic sanctions rejecting earlier ideological commitments encouraged economic sought western nations embracing serving amid arab spring anti uprising led broke resulting civil war nato intervened militarily bringing government downfall retreating captured killed controversial highly divisive world figure supporters lauded anti stance support decorated awards conversely internationally condemned dictator authoritarian administration violated human rights citizens supported movements tribal warfare terrorism nations early life childhood born tent near rural area outside town western libya family came small relatively influential tribal group called heritage father known died mother named died earned goat kept birth records date birth known certainty sources set spring biographers noted parents surviving son older sisters upbringing culture influenced personal tastes rest life repeatedly expressed preference desert city retreated desert childhood aware involvement european libya nation occupied italy witnessed conflict italian british troops according later claims paternal grandfather killed italian invasion world war end libya occupied british french forces britain france intended dividing nation general_assembly united_nations declared country granted political independence created united_kingdom libya federal state leadership pro western monarch banned political parties established absolute monarchy education political activism earliest education religious nature local islamic teacher subsequently moving nearby attend elementary school progressed grades years education libya free father thought greatly benefit son despite financial strain week slept mosque weekends walked miles visit parents bullied proud identity encouraged pride children family moved market town south central libya father worked tribal leader attended secondary school parent popular school friends received significant jobs later administration notably best friend teachers egyptian time access pan arab newspapers radio broadcasts notably cairo based growing witnessed significant events rock arab world including arab israeli war egyptian revolution crisis short lived existence admired political changes implemented hero president argued arab nationalism rejection western neo transition capitalism socialism book philosophy revolution key influence outlining initiate coup described inspiration blueprint revolution organized demonstrations distributed posters criticizing monarchy october led demonstration protesting syria broke windows local hotel accused serving alcohol catching authorities attention expelled family moved attending maintaining interest arab nationalist activism refused join banned political parties active city including arab socialist party claiming rejected read subjects french revolution works syrian political theorist biographies abraham_lincoln military training briefly studied history dropping join military despite police record began training alongside like minded friends armed forces offered opportunity upward social mobility recognised potential instrument political change libya armed forces trained british military angered viewed british accordingly refused learn english rude british officers ultimately failing exams british trainers reported abusive behaviour stating suspicion involved assassination military academy commander reports ignored quickly progressed course group loyal founded revolutionary group named egyptian predecessor led met organised clandestine cell system offering salaries single fund travelled libya gathering intelligence developing connections government intelligence services ignored considering little threat graduating august communications officer army signal corps april assigned united_kingdom training months underwent english language course signal instructors course infantry signal instructors course kent despite later rumours contrary attend signal course director reported successfully overcame problems learning english displaying firm command voice procedure noting favourite reading playing football thought amusing officer cheerful hard working disliked england claiming british_army officers racially insulted finding difficult adjusting country culture asserting arab identity london walked wearing traditional robes later related travelled england believing advanced libya returned home confident proud values ideals social character arab republic coup government increasingly unpopular 1960s exacerbated libya traditional regional tribal divisions country federal system order advantage country oil wealth corruption entrenched systems patronage widespread oil industry arab nationalism increasingly popular protests following egypt defeat day war israel allied western powers administration seen pro israeli anti western riots broke tripoli workers shut oil solidarity egypt expecting segments libya armed forces launch coup claims knew claimed ignorance stating monitoring revolutionary group travelled abroad spend summer turkey greece free officers recognized chance overthrow monarchy initiating september occupied airports police depots radio stations government offices tripoli took control barracks occupied tripoli barracks seized city anti aircraft batteries sent arrest crown prince force relinquish claim throne met resistance little violence having removed government proclaimed foundation addressing populace radio proclaimed end corrupt regime horrified coup nature initially labelled white revolution later renamed september revolution date occurred insisted free officers coup represented revolution marking start widespread change socio economic political nature libya proclaimed revolution meant freedom socialism unity coming years implemented measures achieve consolidating leadership member central committee free officers proclaimed government new republic chairman facto head state appointing rank colonel commander chief armed forces prime minister civilian headed founded implement policy theoretically body operating consensus building dominated attempted saw remained government public face identities members publicly revealed january young men typically rural working middle class backgrounds university degrees way distinct wealthy highly educated conservatives previously governed country coup completed proceeded intentions consolidating revolutionary government country members clan libya political world armed forces believed elite opposed people people courts founded try politicians journalists imprisoned executed sentenced execution held bring intellectuals line revolution year united secular religious law codes introducing legal system ruling decree maintained monarchy ban political parties banned trade unions outlawed workers strikes suspended newspapers september resigned claiming dissatisfied pace reform returned position month february resigned returning following month economic social reform crude oil country primary export sought improve libya oil sector october proclaimed current trade terms unfair foreign corporations state threatening reduce production december successfully increased price oil states followed suit leading global increase price crude oil followed tripoli agreement secured income tax payments better oil corporations measures brought libya estimated billion additional revenues year increasing state control oil sector began program starting share december september announced foreign oil producers active libya important step socialism proved economic success gross domestic product billion risen billion billion turn standard life greatly improved decade administration average capita income average countries like italy attempted suppress regional tribal affiliation replacing unified pan identity tried tribal leaders agents old regime august military court tried counter revolutionary activity long standing administrative boundaries drawn crossing tribal boundaries pro revolutionary replaced traditional leaders communities served rejected realizing failures created mass vanguard party president recognized designed revolutionary enthusiasm country implemented measures social reform adopting basis consumption alcohol banned night clubs christian churches shut traditional dress encouraged arabic decreed language permitted official communications road signs introduced social welfare programs funded oil money led house building projects improved healthcare education greatly expanded public sector providing employment thousands compulsory education expanded years old adult literacy programs free university education implemented founded expanded early social programs proved popular libya popularity partly personal charisma youth status rhetoric emphasizing role successor anti italian fighter foreign relations influence arab nationalism immediately apparent administration instantly recognized neighbouring arab nationalist regimes egypt syria iraq egypt sending experts aid inexperienced ideas proclaiming need single arab state stretching north_africa middle_east december libya founded egypt step political unification syria stated intention join died november successor suggested unified state create political federation implemented april egypt syria got large grants oil money february signed unofficial charter merger implemented relations broke following year increasingly wary libya radical direction september deadline implementing federation passed action taken coup representatives powers france united_kingdom united_states soviet_union called meet representatives quickly extended diplomatic recognition hoping secure position military bases libya fearing instability hoping informed planned counter coup attempts form working relationship failed determined national sovereignty described foreign colonial influences administration insisted remove military bases libya proclaiming armed forces rose express people revolution tolerate living bases exist territory british left march americans june moving reduce italian influence october italian owned assets strong italian community expelled libya alongside smaller number jews day national holiday aiming reduce nato power mediterranean libya requested malta cease allow nato use land military base turn offering foreign aid malta government continued allowing nato use island condition use launching attacks arab territory military build began purchasing weapons france soviet_union commercial relationship led increasingly strained relationship engaged cold war soviets especially critical support israel supported israeli palestinian conflict viewing creation israel western colonial occupation forced arab world calling arab states wage continuous war israel initiated fund finance anti israeli june created volunteers centre train anti israeli relationship palestinian leader strained considering moderate calling violent action instead supported militia like popular liberation palestine general command funded black september organization munich massacre israeli athletes west_germany killed bodies flown libya hero funeral welcomed surviving attackers tripoli following release exchange hostages flight weeks later allowed hiding financially supported militant groups world including nation islam 19th april movement americas liberation movements fight south_africa nationalists action europe asia causes funded switching supporting conflict war independence 1970s groups received financial support libya came seen leader world struggle groups labelled terrorists critics activities rejected characterisation instead considering revolutionaries engaged liberation struggles popular revolution april proclaimed start popular revolution speech initiated point plan point dissolved existing laws replaced revolutionary second point proclaimed opponents revolution removed initiated administrative revolution proclaimed remove traces bureaucracy fourth point announced population form armed defend revolution fifth proclaimed beginning cultural revolution libya poisonous foreign influences began lecture new phase revolution libya egypt france popular revolution invited libya people found general people committees raising political consciousness offering little guidance set councils claimed offer form direct political participation democratic traditional party based representative system hoped councils people power traditional leaders bureaucracy allow new legal system chosen people led high percentage public involvement decision making limits permitted exacerbated tribal divisions served surveillance system aiding security services locating individuals views critical leading arrest operating pyramid structure base form committees local working groups sent elected representatives district level national level divided remained remained responsible major decisions universal theory green book june created political ideology basis popular revolution international theory considered soviet_union rejected western capitalism communism respect similar developed china political leader theory praised nationalism progressive force advocated creation pan arab state lead islamic worlds saw islam having key role ideology calling islamic revival returned origins rejecting scholarly interpretations angered government deepened legal reliance introducing punishment convicted adultery homosexual activity summarized international theory short volumes published collectively known green book volume devoted issue democracy outlining flaws representative systems favour direct second dealt beliefs socialism explored social issues family tribe volumes advocated radical reform adopted socially conservative stance proclaiming men women equal designed different roles life years followed adopted quotes green book representation fraud september implemented measures increase popular introducing objectives improve relationship councils radical reforms led discontent widespread opposition decision spend oil money foreign causes libya saw civilian attack government army building bombed members launched failed coup aftermath members remained led official abolition march september army arresting senior officers october founded clandestine student demonstrations broke tripoli attacked police students responded mass arrests introduced compulsory national service young people dissent arose conservative persecuted anti revolutionary january students number army officers publicly hanged condemned time libya executed purely political crimes foreign relations following ascension egyptian presidency libya relations egypt deteriorated insistence egypt required cultural revolution february israeli forces shot flight egyptian israeli held territory infuriated egypt prevent incident retaliation planned destroy queen british ship chartered american jews sail israel 25th anniversary ordered egyptian submarine target ship cancelled order fearing military later infuriated egypt syria planned war israel consulting angered egypt conceded peace talks continuing war openly hostile egypt leader calling overthrow president took sponsored people liberation army overthrow focusing attention africa late early libya invaded annex rich offering financial incentives successfully convinced african states break diplomatic relations israel intent islam founded opened centres africa decade converted president action repeated years later president sought develop closer links january libya tunisia announced political union advocated president deeply unpopular tunisia soon abandoned sponsored anti government tunisia 1980s turning attention algeria libya signed defence agreement allegedly counter funding independence struggle morocco seeking libya economy government began purchasing shares major european corporations like buying real estate malta italy valuable source income 1980s oil slump great socialist people arab foundation march adopted declaration establishment people authority behest arab republic replaced arabic ash state masses officially direct democracy people ruled basic people adult participated voted national decisions sent members annual broadcast live television principle libya highest authority major decisions proposed government officials requiring consent debate remained limited major decisions economy defence avoided dealt largely remained rubber stamp policies rare occasions opposed suggestions successfully notably called primary schools abolished believing home schooling children rejected idea instances pushed laws support desired allow women armed forces proclaimed provided libya political need rendering political organizations unnecessary non authorized groups including political parties professional associations independent trade unions women groups banned preceding legal institutions abolished envisioned following legal guidance adopting law proclaimed man laws unnatural permitting law year announcing inappropriate guaranteed protection private property green book socialism emphasis placing work par led conservative accuse opposition regime july border war broke egypt defeated libya despite technological conflict lasted week sides agreed sign peace treaty arab states year invited moscow soviet government recognition increasing commercial relationship socialism december stepped secretary general announcing new focus revolutionary governmental activities new emphasis separating apparatus revolution government longer formal governmental post adopted title leader revolution continued commander chief armed forces continued considerable influence libya critics insisting structure libya direct democracy gave freedom manipulate outcomes libya began turn socialism march government issued guidelines housing attempting ensure population adult owned home enslaved paying rent families banned owning house rental properties seized sold tenants heavily price september called eliminate bureaucracy public sector dictatorship private sector took control companies converting worker run elected representatives march announced separation government revolution represented new operated tandem schools universities unions police force military dominated revolutionary revolutionary committees led met annually publishing weekly magazine green march october took control press responsible revolutionary performed ideological surveillance later adopting significant security role making arrests putting people trial according law revolution legal code administration revolutionary justice largely arbitrary resulted widespread abuses suppression civil liberties committees began land plain continuing measures wealth implemented bank account saw extra money following year announced government control import export distribution functions state replacing privately owned businesses led decline availability consumer goods development thriving black market radical direction earned government enemies february discovered head military intelligence plotting kill began increasingly security tribe seen wealth property confiscated turned administration number western funded opposition groups founded prominent founded orchestrated militant attacks libya government began killing diplomats abroad following command kill stray dogs colonel leadership revolutionary committees set overseas branches suppress counter revolutionary activity nearby nations like syria hit squads unusual publicly administration use june ordered return home placed libya list state sponsors terrorism end year demonstration embassy tripoli solidarity perpetrators iran hostage crisis following year fighters began fighter jets flying mediterranean signalling collapse relations countries relations lebanon communities world deteriorated august disappearance visiting libya accused having killed imprisoned charge denied relations syria improved syrian president shared israel egypt proposed political union libya paying syria billion debt soviet_union pressures led pull remained allies key ally sent troops defend regime president invaders mission failed killed forced retreat later came regret alliance openly criticising conflict usa allies early mid-1980s saw economic trouble libya country annual oil revenues dropped billion billion focusing irrigation projects saw construction start great man river designed finished end decade remained incomplete start 21st century military spending increased administrative budgets cut libya long supported militia neighbouring december invaded request controlled government aid civil war january suggested political merger rejected called withdrawal came november civil war resumed libya sent troops french forces supported southern forces african nations tired libya policies interference foreign affairs african states cut diplomatic relations libya cancelled scheduled conference tripoli order prevent gaining proposing political unity morocco august monarch signed treaty forming arab african union union considered surprising strong political differences longstanding existed governments relations remained strained particularly morocco friendly relations israel august abolished union domestic threats continued plague home unsuccessfully attacked joint aftermath arrested new president ronald_reagan pursued hard line approach libya erroneously considering puppet regime soviet_union turn played commercial relationship soviets visiting moscow april threatening join warsaw pact soviets cautious seeing unpredictable beginning military exercises area sea libya claimed territorial waters august shot planes monitoring closing libya embassy washington reagan advised companies operating country reduce number american personnel stationed march implemented oil january ordered companies cease operating country workers remained diplomatic relations broke diplomats accused shooting death british stationed outside london embassy april spring began performing exercises military failed sank ships accused libya berlin bombing american soldiers died reagan decided militarily critical believing syria greater threat attack strengthen reputation libya recognised soft target reagan supported opposed european allies argued international law operation orchestrated april military planes launched series air strikes libya bombing military installations parts country killing including civilians targets home unharmed sons injured claimed year old adopted daughter killed existence questioned immediate aftermath retreated desert sporadic clashes army officers wanted overthrow government condemned internationally reagan received popularity boost home publicly reputation anti strengthened domestically arab world june ordered names month changed libya revolution revolution late 1980s saw series economic reforms libya designed cope decline oil revenues announced start revolution revolution began reforms industry agriculture saw opening small business restrictions placed activities revolutionary committees march role narrowed newly created revolutionary leadership restrict violence judicial role august publicly criticised asserting harmed tortured true revolutionary repression march hundreds political prisoners freed falsely claiming political prisoners libya june libya government issued great green charter human rights articles laid goals rights guarantees improve situation human rights libya restricting use death penalty calling eventual abolition measures suggested charter implemented following year remained inactive government founded awarded figures world struggled year winner south african anti activist government initiated committees root corruption particularly economic sector aftermath attack army perceived elements announced creation popular militia replace army police libya began production gas facility publicly denying chemical weapons unsuccessfully attempted develop nuclear weapons period saw growth domestic opposition formulated groups like number assassination attempts turn saw security forces raid believed centres counter revolutionary preaching october elements increasingly army initiated failed coup september launched july anti football riot broke tripoli revolutionary committees experienced resurgence combat foundation uniting libya economic pact morocco tunisia algeria viewing beginnings new union libya stepped support anti western provisional pan flight blown scotland killing passengers crew members plus people ground british police investigations identified chief suspects november issued declaration demanding libya hand refused citing montreal convention united_nations imposed resolution march initiating economic sanctions libya deep repercussions country economy country suffered estimated million financial loss result problems arose west january shot coast african states opposed sanctions criticising visit october praised libya work fighting awarded suspended libya agreed allow suspects netherlands process overseen reconciliation 20th century came close increasingly rejected arab nationalism frustrated failure ideals instead turned libya african identity libya initiated cooperative agreements aid arrangements african states joined community states june visited south_africa following month attended summit calling greater political economic integration continent advocating foundation founders initiated july replace opening ceremonies proclaimed african states reject aid developed world direct contrast message south african president summit held libya july called greater level integration advocating single passport common defence system single currency slogan hope june libya joined eastern southern africa august proclaimed king kings assembled committee traditional african leaders february coronation ceremony held coinciding election chairman year era saw libya return international arena libya began secret talks british government relations condemned september attacks expressing sympathy victims calling involvement war terror militant government continued suppressing domestic time called wider application law libya cemented connections china north_korea visited chinese president april influenced events iraq war december libya renounced possession weapons mass destruction chemical nuclear weapons programs relations improved result prime minister met desert march following month travelled headquarters european_union brussels signifying improved relations libya ending remaining sanctions october october paid libya million stop african migrants passing europe encouraged saying necessary prevent loss european cultural identity new removed list state sponsors terrorism continued anti western rhetoric second africa south america summit venezuela september joined president calling anti africa latin_america proposed establishment south atlantic treaty organization rival nato month addressed new_york time condemn western aggression spring proclaimed switzerland swiss police accused family members criminal activity country resulting breakdown relations libya economy witnessed increasing rejecting socialist policies industry advocated green book government figures asserted people socialism capitalism welcomed reforms calling wide scale march speech oil industry largely sold private corporations billion direct foreign investment libya rise sectors libya population reacted reforms public demonstrations march revolutionary hard liners took control cabinet scaling pace changes halt plans announced seen half economy following decade accompanying political retaining predominant control march government powers municipal councils rising numbers attained positions country governance best known son heir apparent openly critical libya human rights record led group proposed drafting new constitution adopted october appointed head involved encouraging tourism founded privately run media channels criticising government october apologized african leaders behalf arab nations involvement african slave trade civil war origins february march following start arab spring spoke favour president threatened revolution suggested tunisia people satisfied introduced system fearing domestic protest libya government implemented measures reducing food prices army leadership potential releasing prisoners proved ineffective february major protests broke government unlike tunisia egypt libya largely strong movement widespread dissatisfaction corruption entrenched systems patronage unemployment reached accusing rebels linked proclaimed die martyr leave libya announced rebels hunted street street house house wardrobe wardrobe army opened fire protests killing hundreds shocked government response number senior politicians resigned defected protesters uprising spread quickly libya economically developed eastern half february end eastern cities like controlled rebels based founded represent conflict early months appeared government greater firepower victorious sides disregarded laws war committing human rights abuses including arbitrary arrests torture executions revenge attacks february passed resolution libya implementing sanctions calling investigation killing unarmed civilians march declared fly zone protect civilian population aerial bombardment calling foreign nations enforce specifically prohibited foreign occupation ignoring sent hundreds troops support france provided weaponry training nato intervention march august week implementation fly zone nato announced enforced april nato killed sixth son tripoli wife unharmed western officials remained divided legitimate military target resolution secretary defense said nato targeting specifically command control facilities legitimate targets including facility inside tripoli compound hit april june issued arrest son brother law head state security charges concerning crimes humanity officials rejected claiming legitimacy whatsoever highlighting activities directed african leaders month published findings asserted accusations mass human rights abuses forces lacked credible evidence instead rebel forces readily adopted western media accuse forces numerous war crimes july meeting istanbul governments recognised legitimate government libya responded announcement speech national television called supporters feet worthless nato support form air cover rebel militia pushed westward defeating loyalist armies securing control centre country gaining support communities long persecuted non arabic speakers armies surrounded loyalists key areas western libya august rebels seized tripoli ending power august recognised legitimate representative state basis libya resume membership league capture death september october towns western libya remained strongholds retreating tripoli fall announced willingness negotiate transitional government suggestion rejected surrounding continually moved residences escape days prayer reading october broke district joint civilian military convoy hoping refuge nato bombers attacked destroying vehicles killing convoy scattered closest fled nearby villa shelled rebel militia fleeing construction site inner hid inside drainage pipes battled rebels conflict suffered head injuries grenade blast defence minister killed militia took prisoner beating causing injuries events filmed mobile phone video appears picture stabbed rear end kind stick knife possibly bayonet pulled pick truck fell drove away semi naked body placed ambulance taken arrival found dead official accounts claimed caught cross fire died bullet wounds eye witness accounts claimed rebels fatally shot stomach rebel identifying later claimed responsibility son convoy captured found dead hours later probably execution loyalists rounded convoy tied abused corpses found nearby victims execution libya chief forensic carried son days following deaths initially told press died gunshot wound head autopsy report public afternoon death prime minister publicly revealed news corpse placed local market alongside corpses bodies publicly displayed days country coming view response international calls october announced commission investigate death october announced buried unidentified location desert showed amateur video footage funeral seeking vengeance killing fatally wounded captured near september personal public life ideology adopted arab nationalism arab socialism influenced particular thought egyptian revolutionary president adopted hero early 1970s formulated particular approach arab nationalism socialism known international theory described combination socialism arab nationalism world revolutionary theory vogue time laid principles theory volumes green book sought explain structure ideal society arab nationalist views led believe needed unity arab world combining arab nation single nation state described approach economics islamic socialism biographers noted socialism political scientist arguing model socialism offered theories saw socialist model arab islamic non aligned worlds follow ideological environment islamic faith upbringing disgust actions european libya driven sense divine mission believing thought achieve goals matter cost raised branch islam called implementation libya desired unity islamic world encouraged propagation faith visit italy paid modelling agency find young italian women lecture gave urging convert funded construction renovation africa including clashed conservative interpretation islam criticised attempts encourage women enter traditionally male sectors society armed forces keen improve women status saw sexes separate equal felt women usually remain traditional roles fundamental ideology anti believed state israel exist arab compromise israeli government betrayal arab people large support israel despised united_states considering country embodiment evil rallying jews speeches anti described late 1990s onward view moderate advocated single state solution israeli palestinian conflict stating israel palestine solution establish democratic state jews fundamental solution jews annihilated future strategic depth years later argued single state solution old conflicts look unified future based shared culture respect personal family life private individual described simple revolutionary pious muslim called continue work reporter found friends considered particularly loyal generous asserted children told father child trait exhibited adulthood father said courageous intelligent pious family oriented sources describe vain note large wardrobe changed outfit multiple times day saw fashion icon stating wear wear certain shirt suddenly wearing 1970s 1980s reports making sexual advances female reporters members entourage civil war charges came light journalist wrote book raped tortured performed imprisoned hundreds thousands women usually young source psychologist reported female claim raped senior officials civil war prosecutor said evidence told soldiers rape women spoken regime questioned claims justify nato war libya according brazilian plastic surgeon patient believed suffered clinical depression israeli authorities claimed afflicted fan said favourite novels outsider football following ascension power moved barracks mile long fortified compound located miles center tripoli home office bunker designed west german engineers rest family lived large story building compound tennis courts soccer field gardens tent entertained guests 1980s lifestyle considered modest comparison arab leaders allegedly worked years swiss banks international banking transactions november sunday_times identified property worth billion allegedly owned private jet bought prince saudi_arabia million operated tripoli based decorated externally colours including married wife daughter general senior figure king administration middle class background son relationship strained divorced second wife née nurse tribe born met following ascension power hospitalized claimed love sight couple remained married death seven biological children adopted children public image cult personality devoted existed libya face appeared wide variety items including postage stamps watches school quotations green book appeared wide variety places street walls airports pop music public release claimed disliked personality cult tolerated libya people believed populist heart libya crowds supporters turn public events appeared described spontaneous demonstrations government recorded instances groups paid attend typically late public events thought gift considered poor biographers biographer noted famed lengthy wandering speeches typically involved criticising israel notably approach foreign powers generally western ambassadors diplomats believing spies said hiv peaceful virus aggressive virus assured attendees straight fear aids said virus biological weapon manufactured foreign military assured fly god armies protect enemies come africa malaria sleeping sickness preoccupied security regularly changing slept grounding planes libya flying particular requests traveling foreign nations trips rome paris madrid moscow new_york_city resided tent following traditions starting 1980s travelled female allegedly sworn life according psychologist civil war guards told pressured joining raped senior officials hired ukrainian nurses care family health traveled trusted ukrainian nurse daughter denied suggestion relationship professional reception legacy remained controversial divisive figure world stage life death supporters praised administration creation society domestic reform stress regime achievements ensuring access food safe drinking water highlighting enjoyed free education university level point dramatic rise literacy rates revolution supporters applauded achievements medical care praising universal free healthcare provided administration diseases like cholera contained life raised believed decade leadership life undoubtedly changed better material conditions wealth drastically improved studies specialist remarked early years administration libya national wealth international influence national standard living risen dramatically high standards declined 1980s result economic claimed concrete appointed popular islamic supporters believing exhibited opposition western governments earned respect euro american far right critics labelled cruel arrogant vain stupid western governments press presenting vicious dictator oppressed people reagan administration united_states regarded public enemy reagan famously dubbed mad dog middle_east according critics people lived climate fear administration government surveillance civilians libya typically described western commentators police state opponents critical libya human rights abuses according hundreds arrested political opponents failed receive fair trial subjected torture execution notably prison including alleged massacre june estimated prisoners abroad stray dogs publicly threatened death killed government hit squads government treatment non arab came criticism human rights activists native italians jews refugees foreign workers facing persecution libya according journalist psychologist senior officials raped imprisoned hundreds thousands young women reportedly raped female government frequently criticized democratic consistently giving libya free ranking civil liberties political rights international reactions death divided president barack_obama stated meant shadow libya lifted prime minister stated proud country role brutal dictator cuban president commented rebels enter history great figures arab nations president described great fighter revolutionary martyr expressed sadness news praising anti stance remarking backed moments struggle hero instance held muslims stated undeniably dictator region knew dictatorship great man looked people africa newspaper leadership reported ignored western media years historians decided martyr villain following defeat civil war system governance dismantled replaced interim government trade unions freedom press july elections held form new officially took governance august proceeded elect president chamber voted prime minister failed gain congressional approval instead elected position january officially renamed state libya
Muammar Gaddafi