april november south african psychiatrist human rights activist best known leading medical ethics inquiry death anti activist died medical neglect tortured police custody declined discipline chief district surgeon assistant treated group academics physicians raised funds fought year legal battle medical establishment personal safety academic career pursuit justice taking dispute eventually won case born raised poverty cape_town woman receive doctor medicine degree studied effects brain published articles subject seeing benefits patients hospital early proponent medicinal use headed department retiring continued lecture finally dismantled testified work doctors medical ethics inquiry awarded country highest civilian award recognition work behalf human rights early life born south_africa april second daughters mother raised boer concentration camp grandmother nurse second boer war nurse knew father left mother raise daughters poverty mother unable care family spent childhood catholic stricken fever mother later rejoined family moved cape_town attended enrolled medical school received degree medical career cape_town interned worked region general earned degree woman head department associate professor retired continued work time lecturer department associate professor emeritus received honorary doctorate medicine according professor believed woman affair south african anti activist studied medicine detained security police august held days september beaten tortured coma according allegations surgeon chief district surgeon collaborated police covered abuse leading death injuries september according clear ethical doctors responsible support declined discipline district death groups physicians filed separate formal complaints lack shown doctors cases way attempt force conduct formal inquiry medical ethics tucker case filed second case filed small group physicians pursued inquiry members profession called position university threatened superiors colleagues asked drop case pursuing case doctors received personal threats safety note medical association closed ranks support colleagues security police torture death attempted silence discredit doctors stood human rights demanded disciplinary action colleagues years won case ruled favor help case forced medical regulatory body reverse decision doctors treated finally disciplined major medical reforms followed according case played important role medical profession medical ethical issues south_africa research studied effects publishing work clinical study acute role model work cited extensively literature opposed war drugs proponent benefits particularly people multiple observed hand known south_africa relieved patients helped spinal injuries ward hospital continued study effects 1990s publishing articles induced effects brain author melbourne personal life married editorial writer sons years old husband died unexpectedly husband death helped raise family wrote experience memoir society death struggled time death told interviewer shall drop continued work time lecturer weeks died home november representing department gave eulogy funeral cremated according wishes ashes combined seed dispersed outside memorial service held legacy south african referred great unorthodox protagonist medical use marijuana years current interest use drug south african medical journal notes led conviction example history eventually justified action affair work affair led major medical reforms south_africa including disbanding replacement old era medical organisations failed uphold medical standards profession according enduring lesson south african medicine roles medical practitioners question dual responsibilities embodied inter code conduct legal interpretations doctors responsibilities testified medical hearings archbishop honored handful doctors stood regime brought book doctors human rights abuse work behalf human rights south_africa awarded highest civilian award country selected publications society
Frances Ames