april known english poet major contributor popular magazines friend influential cultural icons like smart high church anglican widely known london smart infamous widespread accounts father law locking away mental asylum years smart supposed religious smart eventual release negative reputation continued pursue known debt repay ultimately led confinement prison death smart widely known works song david partly written confinement asylum published song david received mixed reviews 19th century contemporaries smart known mainly contributions journals student famous prize poems mock epic primarily recognised religious poet poetry includes themes theories nature promotion english nationalism biography early life born estate william younger son lord according nephew delicate constitution having born earlier natural period baptised parish smart father steward mother family wales born given died years age widow surname smart age place baptist county kent archive reference near living visited october found hostile mother sister poetry family established appears daughter sister admission records occupation given gentleman admission date date father details occupation gentleman father son relationship son heir apparent address notes referred bar book father address described parish marriage presumably lodged brother called bar inner temple london kent source paul london marriage date uncle recorded having married twice marriage london bach second marriage jan place james middlesex widow deceased natural daughter sheffield duke buckingham wife 2nd son charles 3rd earl died copy held archives giving birth christopher daughters margaret smart younger years residence 1st baron bequeathed smart supposed received money father family named young boy considered pride controversy exact nature inheritance disagree reasons inheritance explanation specified years died purchased included mansion house fields gardens woodland property influential smart later life age spent time farms participate leading suffered attacks scholars agree youth written record events childhood comes writing short poem age challenges rival affections year old girl smart sent local taught scholar received cambridge smart received intensive education latin greek complete education father died february mother took smart siblings live near relatives durham selling large portion estate pay debts smart attended reverend known lived uncle school master spent castle owned 1st earl grandson wife grace sister william duke cleveland children henry frederick anne mary years younger smart anne henry pairing christopher sister margaret respectively resulted match anne traditionally described love time family smart dedicated poems family skill learning encouraged allow pension pounds yearly continued husband death allowed smart attend cambridge college smart admitted october unclear chose named trust deed occasionally wait table perform tasks july awarded foundation scholarship granted pounds year gained bachelor_of_arts degree addition income granted pounds year scholarship successful academically began run debt order pay extravagant lifestyle college time smart borrowed numerous books spanning fields literature religion science works helped wrote verse end year poems written latin latin poems like translation ode day led awarded scholarship classics june paid year years scholarships combined fellow justified smart calling scholar university smart pushed translation pope ode day paid publication translation wanted win pope favour translate pope essay man pope rejected idea response possible meeting smart translated pope essay criticism instead initial letter sent pope recommending future translation prized smart response letter relationship pope honoured portrait showing holding letter pope allowed write poem celebration year october smart elected paid pound year keepers common chest year february master arts later elected october rhetoric run debt twice annual income elected denied control common chest accounts preacher mayor cambridge college title modest living year allowed regain philosophy suggests ordained anglican church smart tutor abruptly cancelled eventually removed broken rules recovering smart returned studying april comedy wrote months trip cambridge performed parts including female roles played smart prologue printed claimed play received universal applause final years smart writing publishing poems january proposals collection original poems fellow hall university_of_cambridge include hop garden judgment translations latin original latin poems march referred work smart collection collection printed delayed titled poems occasions introduced began write poetry love wrote friend father situated mile love friendship great musical crash cambridge greatly admired better pleased hearing organ ancient mansion suggesting living permanently london wrote poems dedicated poem golden locks claims women golden locks replaced smart previous anna smart future wife smart future publisher london smart turn life slowly abandoned college london smart listed occasionally return relationship allowed college records allowed participate charged member college living near busy street year smart developed business relationship unknown smart met smart daughter claimed introduced looking student magazines possible smart winning cambridge prize march brought poetic abilities attention contest english poem year topic attributes supreme prize rent estate established anglican divine hymn writer smart wrote essay tradition blank verse poem won prize supreme prize worth pounds year pounds publication poem publication poem smart regular contributor student student smart work magazine included poems critical essays joined began writing magazine filled satire parody humorous essays poems composing essays majority poems published volumes magazine decided inspector humorous news report second volumes reports included pieces promoting smart works stories written friends associates including famous writers poets important publication produced time published october lasting april produced primarily smart worked student magazine popular published editions hide identity practical humorous reasons adopted persona known slang called persona poem night piece attacked possibly publicity stunt smart december attack promised written poet beat smart use title printed january feud lasted attacks published issues soon died smart focused attention writing prologue epilogue production magazine promote attention slowly shifted away wrote won prize began working children magazine smart returned character force established december included smart playing midnight songs dances animal acts acts successful completely redone january enjoyed described performance lowest world uncle late smart finished published collection works poems occasions resulted end later career slowly dragged large paper war involved london writers publication poems occasions including hop garden june launched major attack smart poetry smart responded mock epic release smart poem hill engaged large literary battle members street london writing community especially battle publicity lasted months smart involved late entry broadside war smart debts started publishing possible time support family married daughters october married man longer stay enrolled collect scholarship money marriage children apparent heads college allowed smart wife children live strong reputation charity determined complete control writers likely attitude combined monetary problems led rift forming smart published republished works received money publications publications unable provide income support family especially standard living producing poem year amounted little writing forced life hack work described contemporary friend liberal december finished translated literally translation widely brought little profit signed year contract november produce weekly paper entitled universal visitor monthly strain publishing caused smart suffer fit unable publishing paper allen friend friends smart contributed magazine order help smart contract march published smart authority smart final prize poem goodness supreme later june published smart authority smart hymn supreme poem thanked god recovery illness kind possibly disturbed mental state hymn supreme marks time smart life mysterious fit resolved beginning smart obsession religion praying asylum confinement taken smart admitted patient possible smart confined old debts poor relationship previously mocked smart collection pretty poems amusement children foot high regardless exact reasons evidence suggesting smart mental asylum based madness evidence incident kind took place smart started pray loudly public routed company known exactly happened confinement smart work famous poems song david known private later moved potter asylum release transitioned moved potter asylum monetary reasons time anna left took children ireland isolation led writing religious poetry abandoned traditional genres 18th century marked earlier poetry wrote debated turning inward examine poetry represents evangelical type christianity poetry isolation desire revelation inner light serves focal point smart poems written time inner light connects christian god smart left cat occasional possible felt homeless time surely felt public private space london works published viewed smart madness problematic johnson defended seriously times century later later remarked song david great smart mad poem allowed rank alongside wonder loyal friends come potter free little known smart released asylum elizabeth daughter claimed grew better friends great kindness placing necessary restriction possibly eventually wrought cure invited dinner returned confinement events smart leave asylum january final years song david printed april proposal new translation poem received harshly possibly personal attacks smart freed asylum weeks smart rival praised poem printed followed june poem praise smart followed july support smart responded critics regards smart response claimed smart song david tried publish collection translations sought ruin hiring produce translations hired smart new publisher turn forced smart find new publisher delaying printing finally august printed translation david included hymns spiritual songs second edition song david work criticised working time edition constantly compared smart modern criticism received smart version favourable light working project working translation verse translation verse published july including preface attacked attack vain died soon april smart arrested debt january tried lord gentleman originally introduced smart soon recommended king prison purchased rules allowing freedom smart final weeks peaceful final letter smart money jackson saying recovery fit illness having eat send shillings god willing return thanks days smart died liver failure pneumonia shortly completing final work hymns death response uncle death wrote trust peace portion journal wrote speak authors let pay small tribute regret concern memory poor smart died king man nature endowed talents wit eminent degree unhappy loss sense public private knew glory respected decline fine left better day account heard youth father intimate companion late years active generous friend having raised kind fund relief distress impaired doubt affected conduct jury fellow inmates king declared smart twentieth day instant died natural death rules prison buried literary themes styles received occasional mentions critics scholars death especially analysis commentary works increased dramatically discovery recent critics approach smart religious perspective favour psychology sexual analysis works religion smart wrote prize poems early contrast blank verse intense exploration religion found later works prize poem supreme traditional types religious writing authoritative discourse religious poetry tentative self critical discourse apparently personal devotion connecting role religious poet establishing debate forms claims smart creates poetic space allows poet provisional questionable statements important later works guest smart religious poems concerned offer instruction christian conduct greater theological debate poems origins smart belief creation constantly praising god poet voice mute nature praise god reflects abandonment traditional poetic structures order explore complex religious thought let verses join creation seemingly writes version biblical poetry smart plays words meaning words order participate divine exists language original manuscript divided let verses opposing sides manuscript claims discovered let numbered dated concurrently parallel texts connected verbal links justified sides follow model guest claims verses explore religion personal tone let deal public matters goes guest claims let sections united hebrew tradition present future simultaneously time words language connect poet divine revelation god great poet language order create universe words language smart attempted capture creative power words relying power words smart according anglican control religious functions services essence smart approach religion comparable theological writings creates natural philosophy science like established ignoring glory god smart piece matter alive connected god matter described cold manner reality smart accomplished new science relying desire bring divine language poetry science creates salvation order describe apocalyptic future importance christ england poem modelled follows form model strong link tradition smart song david attempt bridge poetry written humans biblical poetry biblical david plays important role poem played important role david image creative power poetry fully realised model religious poet focusing david smart able tap heavenly language critics focused role david solomon temple possible role true life poem comes later christ introduced major subject christ introduced smart attempts reach heaven final passages represent final rush glory according song david smart attempt old testament writing 18th century perform secondary function allow smart relate suffering david reinforce religious convictions following biblical model smart jesus divine form suffering smart biblical model praise god jesus ultimate sacrifice beauty creation hymns form sort attempt reform anglican god place nature smart hymns modelled tradition exemplified anglican tradition emphasise english patriotism england divine favour hymns according guest express delight creation largely absent work hymn writers century words david hymns evangelical spirit separates smart traditional anglican church wrote second set hymns hymns amusement children younger audience smart cares need children moral instead innocent works possibly complicated amusement employee complicated theological concepts essence hymns amusement children intended teach children specific virtues subject matter work like hymns amusement children smart lord jesus christ designed teach morals alter original biblical order help sense claims religious works smart final push london reading public language language commentary language particular emphasis smart use language represents attempt connect language allowing smart connect word calling forth world similar david ability poets create song constant emphasis force poetry takes qualities tradition smart attempting develop poetic language connect true eternal poem poetic language creates related adam tradition idea names hold significant weight universe adam able join creation naming objects describes writing creating impressions accomplish task incorporated order emphasise theological significance poetic language addition techniques relied repeated language allusions traditional works scripture source authority works especially hymns authority relies rhetoric gain audience sympathy 18th century debate poetic language translations smart especially positioned sought traditional forms understanding language critics like believe translations effectively forced compete original works smart language translations constantly seek undermine original authors like critics agree like believe smart translations compared original works system smart competing language contemporaries verified point smart translations revealing poet claims history heaven exciting harmony expect genius produce lines following anticipation replacing previous flawed translations regardless stood specific issue translation smart believed importance language carried constant poems slowly correct smart poems served dual purpose music altered meet standards constantly ensured poems authentic version gender smart role midnight comments form focal point understanding sexuality gender midnight smart challenges traditional social order found 18th century england like claim midnight persona reveals smart torn masculine feminine roles claims existence midnight proves smart identified female connection poetry character popular 18th century notions able attain knowledge role allowed smart focus social sexual dimensions satire potentially darker midnight represent feelings economic pressures image horns commonly viewed sexual image puts particular emphasis image horns image contends masculine feminine horns smart poem picks theme goes claims poem shows smart response possible future simultaneously effort constant associations female creation environmental smart reputation dedicated poem helped reputation stay mental asylum convinced bond nature johnson witnessed smart time asylum stated partly exercise garden smart way humans interact nature actually improve natural landscape smart write gardens vegetation focus cat widely known focus nature connects neglected 18th century society fragment poetic pairs humans animals order creation work relies extensive background knowledge taxonomy smart actively participated 18th century taxonomy systems established smart view nature creation adds information elder work knowledge smart able voice nature believed nature like cat praising god needs poet order bring voice themes animals language merged transformed manifestation tradition critics focused role david solomon temple possible role known sure christopher evidence suggesting organisation strong knowledge belief system based personal contributing contemporary participation volume meetings confirm participation affairs furthermore accounts smart attending meetings westminster information available led declare book british poets universally accepted scholars record membership traced notes book clown god book referred account smart work accepts association view smart appear records highly unlikely number smart involvement masonry traced poems including song david constant references ideas praise free masonry general smart declares lord builder free accepted mason christ jesus declaration free accepted mason interpreted define connection speculative masonry christ jesus declaration places smart christian version masonry declares lord builder connects life building king solomon temple important idea song david smart returns building solomon temple incorporates images uses detail encouraged critics try seven pillar section song david lines imagery poem follows traditional sets motions common writing mimic image jacob ladder movement earth heaven movement heaven earth image connects belief surrounding relationship david solomon temple images images song david related depictions temple newton john solomon temple geneva bible works relied based theory pillar greek alpha represents mason compass god architect universe second greek gamma represents mason square addition square represents vault heaven greek represents jacob ladder connected complete idea seven pillars fourth greek seeing eye point circle fifth letter greek represents pillar temple sixth letter greek incomplete known star greek represents david poet works smart career published known works works far list famous important publications life include song david poems occasions including hop garden hop garden hymns spiritual songs hymns amusement children hannah lord jesus christ translation prize poems translation david works prose verse famous poems published lines poem set music translated title lamb credited writing defence known defence practised regular foreign domestic constitution english grand master contained absurd ridiculous account book entitled reflecting regular briefly considered answered response direct text established work publication includes poem directly attributed volume edition published professor english queen london university numerous
Christopher Smart