large consisting fungus green partner living relationship involving members kingdoms organisms commonly known names like tree lung lung moss oak lungs oak sensitive air pollution negatively affected habitat loss changes forestry practices population declined europe considered endangered lowland areas species history use recent research medicinal properties extracts description leaf like green pattern ridges depressions upper surface bright green moist conditions brownish dry species fine layers hairs lower surface outer protective layer surface roughly comparable green plant typically centimetres diameter individual centimetres wide long reproductive structures present surface minute diameter pockets present lower surface spots darker green surface like loosely attached surface grows contains internal structures known characteristic involving fungal relationship internal found ribs surface arise blue green algae genus surface growth structurally consist dense cells surrounded thin walled hyphae rest contains loose structure thick walled hyphae blue green fix atmospheric nitrogen enhancing nutrient availability green algae reproduction ability form propagation sexual age years sexual reproduction species produces small reddish brown discs known containing spores forcibly released air like based studies suggested spores use mechanism lifted spores grown synthetic growth medium containing like dispersal determined predominant mode reproduction method protruding dry regular wet dry cycles easily fragments develop new new site dispersal wind rain number steps required development including green cells fungal hyphae green cells steps lead increase internal pressure eventually breaks continued growth leads pushed upwards surface distribution habitat wide distribution europe asia north_america africa preferring damp habitats high rainfall especially coastal areas widely distributed common species north_america associated old growth forests presence abundance indicator forest age interior cedar zone eastern british_columbia found pasture woodlands usually grows bark broad trees oak beech maple grow rocks laboratory grown environmental factors thought affect distribution temperature moisture average humidity frequency wet dry cycles sunlight exposure levels air pollution attempts evaluate contribution factors growth difficult differences original environment collected greatly affect heat declining population considered rare threatened parts world especially lowland areas europe decline attributed industrial forestry air pollution particularly acid rain like containing blue green component particularly susceptible effects acid rain subsequent decrease reduces nitrogen chemical compounds known contain variety common acid acid acid acid acid acid acid compounds collectively known known involved defense grazing like feeding contains sugar addition total content alpha beta beta upper contains screen par radiation synthesis increases response greater solar shade adapted greenish grey air dry state sun exposed dark brown color adaptation helps protect known relatively high light levels known present uses medicinal shape somewhat resembles tissue inside lungs thought remedy lung diseases based doctrine signatures common english names derived association book general plants recommends valuable lack appetite india traditional medicine treat remedy blood british_columbia canada survey high region central southern italy revealed wounds hot water extract prepared species shown anti preventing activities extracts shown protective effect system rats possibly reducing stress reducing effects furthermore extracts potent activity reducing power probably presence compounds uses produce orange wool leather manufacture ingredient
Lobaria pulmonaria