french march known pen belgian cartoonist best known creating series comic albums considered popular european comics 20th century responsible known series works executed distinct claire drawing style born lower middle class family brussels began career contributing illustrations scouting magazines developing comic series working conservative catholic newspaper created advice editor revolving actions boy reporter dog snowy series early land soviets america designed conservative propaganda children domestically successful stories published book form continuing series developing series influenced friend placed far greater emphasis conducting background research stories resulting increased realism onward following german occupation belgium closed continued series popular newspaper controlled nazi administration allied liberation belgium shut staff including accused having collaborators official investigation launched charges brought subsequent years repeatedly faced accusations having traitor collaborator established magazine new stories magazine artistic director oversaw publication successful comics series blake established team aid ongoing projects prominent staff members greatly contributed subsequent volumes amid personal turmoil following collapse marriage produced personal favourite works later years prolific unsuccessfully attempted establish abstract artist works widely acclaimed clarity meticulous researched plots source wide range adaptations theatre radio television cinema computer gaming remains strong influence comic book medium particularly europe widely celebrated belgium established early life childhood born parental home brussels central suburb capital city belgium father worked factory whilst flemish mother housewife married january moved house born year later moved house primary language father french growing bilingual brussels learned dutch developing accent maternal grandmother like family belonged roman_catholic_church particularly devout later characterised life dominated gray considering extremely boring biographer suggested childhood melancholy exacerbated sexually abused maternal uncle developed love cinema favouring dinosaur films later work comic strip medium displayed obvious influence style content keen reader enjoyed novels british american authors papers novels drawing hobby scenes daily life edges school books illustrations german soldiers years primary schooling coincided world war brussels occupied german army secondary education began secular place moved institution controlled archbishop teachers roman catholic priests proved successful student awarded prizes excellence completed secondary education july class aged joined brigade attached troop leader earning scouts travelled summer camps italy switzerland austria spain summer troop miles experiences scouting significant influence rest life sparking love camping natural world providing moral compass stressed personal loyalty keeping promises encouraged artistic ability published drawings newsletter saint scouts published work involved publication newsletter published illustrations appeared fifth issue continued publishing cartoons drawings subsequent issues newsletter soon renamed belgian boy scout time experimented different settling french pronunciation reversed initials work published december early career alongside stand illustrations july began production comic strip boy scout continued intermittent publication revolving adventures patrol leader comic initially featured written underneath scenes began experiment forms conveying information including speech bubbles illustrations published wheat grows publications produced book jacket novel soul sea young inexperienced learning craft sought guidance older cartoonist founded short lived organisation christian graduating secondary school enrolled saint art school finding teaching boring left lesson hoped job alongside conservative positions available instead got job paper department starting september position enlisted military service called august assigned barracks joining infantry regiment bored military training continued producing episodes end military service august met editor vocal fascist kept signed photograph italian fascist leader desk impressed repertoire agreed job photographic reporter cartoonist paper remained grateful coming view father figure supplemented commissions publications illustrated number texts children corner literary pages illustrations period interest early prototype claire style founding beginning series newspaper late founded supplement children little twentieth subsequently appeared thursday carrying strong catholic fascist messages passages explicitly anti semitic new venture illustrated extraordinary adventure comic strip authored paper sport told story boys little sisters rubber pig eager write draw comic strip fascinated new techniques medium systematic use speech bubbles found american comics bringing father kids copies sent mexico paper reporter stationed report war developed character named belgian boy reporter travel world fox snowy original french basing large earlier character brother paul later falsely claimed based fell designs permission settled court wanted send character united_states instead ordered set adventure soviet_union acting work anti socialist propaganda children result land soviets began january ran popular organized publicity stunt station following organized publication story book form popularity story led increase sales granted assistants paul jam january introduced new comic strip street kids brussels pages direction june began second adventure designed encourage colonial sentiment authored style depicted later decades accused racism time controversial popular publicity stunts held increase sales adventure america september october finally got deal scenario choice work push anti capitalist anti agenda keeping paper ultra conservative ideology french catholic brave hearts soon receiving syndication requests swiss portuguese newspapers age despite increasing success remained conservative young man dedicated work sought work creating cartoon department store west rival innovation department store july married secretary entirely happy union encouraged demanded staff married personally carried wedding ceremony saint church spending honeymoon couple moved apartment removed paper august following scandal march tried resign encouraged stay monthly salary increased workload reduced taking responsibility day day running rising fame orient november announced following month send adventure asia initially titled reporter orient later renamed mystery story plot began egypt proceeding india recurring characters thompson introduced friend hired produce illustrations company late proposed taking publication quick book form agreed book collected volume continuing comic work commercial advertising january founded advertising company partners months february august story animal characters development earlier tim comic august october adventure set china dealt recent japanese invasion greatly influenced production work friend catholic chinese student studying brussels des introduced gave lessons philosophy chinese art chinese influencing artistic style general outlook life token appreciation added fictional young chinese boy meets befriends devoted far attention accuracy resulting largely realistic portrayal china result widely hailed masterpiece series development published book form insisting include colour plates volume america began production merchandise supported having ideas entire shop devoted come fruition years later comics proved lucrative collected volumes sold blamed urging market books story plot synopsis outlined start detective story took south_america introduced character saw introduce fictional countries series based largely violent elements upset publishers asked create child appropriate story result series young brother sister pet monkey series began continued disliked series commenting characters bored terribly writing series simultaneously working day year felt stressed adventure saw character travel britain battle introduced new antagonist german followed saves fictional eastern european country invaded neighbour event anti fascist satire nazi_germany expansion austria czechoslovakia moved new house following german invasion poland belgian army temporarily stationed month returned brussels adopted explicit anti german stance beginning adventure set middle_east featured oil lines period contributed west newspaper run friend urged belgium remain neutral world war stance supported creating strip argue position invited visit china chinese nationalist leader enjoyed political situation europe possible mobilized december stationed antwerp continued send strip fell ill declared unfit military service day germany invaded belgium shut way german occupation belgian army clashed invading germans wife fled car france tens thousands staying paris heading south remained weeks belgian king iii surrendered country german army prevent killing supported followed king request fled country return arriving brussels june found house occupied office german army faced financial trouble owed taxes unable access financial reserves belgian publications control german occupying force refused permission continue publication instead offered employment cartoonist pays editor victor perceived pays explicitly political publication declined position instead took position belgium largest daily newspaper confiscated original owners german authorities permitted opened remained firmly nazi control supporting german war effort anti joining team october involved creation children supplement aided new story crab pursued drug north_africa story turning point series introduction captain major character rest adventures story like subsequent published reject political themes present earlier stories instead remaining firmly neutral included new gags supplement illustrations stories paper shortage led reduced pages length strip cut thirds weeks later supplement disappeared altogether crab golden claws moved daily strip upset willing work newspaper controlled occupying nazi administration heavily size readership reached plays indies appeared brussels april second disappearance performed december october adventure shooting star followed publication single volume keeping editorial standpoint espoused anti semitic anti american attitude antagonist wealthy jewish american businessman prove particularly controversial post war period denied anti semitic intention felt black white volumes selling colour comic books series produced colour time belgium facing paper shortage wishing cut volumes pages length initially ultimately agreed demands february new editions introduced colour system insisted colour remain secondary line cope additional workload approached friend met aid cartoonist work project time march employed woman named aid july agent took commissions working relationship strained assistance adapted previous page colour versions adventure secret june collaborated closely project introduced elements work detective story searched revealing location hidden pirate treasure secret marked half story arc completed treasure february story search pirate treasure caribbean character professor introduced series following red treasure drew illustrations story titled authored newspaper crime editor september removed editor stating nazis motivated good extremely touch reality close decided remain newspaper came autumn decided wanted collaborate initially hesitant eventually agreed adopting paid position january close collaborators greatly influenced developed plot adventure seven crystal balls began december post war controversy allied troops liberated brussels german occupation ceased publication september seven crystal balls arrested september having named collaborator resistance document known incidents arrested independence respectively course spent night jail september entire staff fired new editorial team introduced september issued proclamation announcing journalist helped produce newspaper occupation time barred practising profession unemployed publicly collaborator newspaper closely associated issued satirical strip titled land nazis period witnessed widespread accused collaborators military courts condemning minor charges charges sentenced life imprisonment capital punishment judiciary inquiry case launched deputy public prosecutor report urged stating inclined close case believe bring ridicule judicial system children book author illustrator hand worked war illustrations people buy newspaper unable work press continued draw colour older adventures publication book form completing second version starting supported ordeal remained grateful attempting began producing comics anonymous pseudonym sending publishers found accept period allowed escape pressure daily production affected working life family problems deal brother paul returned brussels german prisoner war camp mother highly moved psychiatric hospital october approached member conservative resistance group associates trio planning launching weekly magazine children fond childhood memories land soviets thought ideal agreed obtained clearance papers allowing work concerned judicial investigation wartime convinced leader charge censorship certificates good citizenship look comic creator file concluded traitor work decision stand trial belonged general walter van der closed case december declaring regard particularly character drawings published bringing war tribunal inappropriate risky free threat prosecution continued support colleagues charged collaborators sentenced death lengthy prison sentences sentenced death friend sentence life imprisonment issued certificate good citizenship largely necessary obtain employment post war belgium celebrations marred mother death april aged described post war period greatest life later described experience absolute horrible horrible considered post war trials alleged collaborators great injustice inflicted innocent people belgian society way treated hid public persona later life magazine devised idea naming new magazine believing attract wide audience dutch language edition produced release belgium flemish north titled character dutch language adopting slogan newspaper young aged magazine logo featuring character capital project involved executive director provided managing director provided artistic director provided assembled group associates aid including initially appointed editor chief arrested having worked journal shortly involvement project kept secret avoid controversy continued provide work magazine ceased imprisonment december october issue magazine published september assigned produce page spread week began concluding seven crystal balls embarking successor story prisoners sun alongside adventures magazine included legend brothers secret new blake series magazine competition number rivals notably famous comics proved immediate success copies sold days release publication resulted massive boost book sales belgian film adaptation crab produced believing cinematic adaptations good way proceed contacted united_states declined offer adapt silver screen artistic collaboration ended argument jealous immediate success blake series turned request credited creator new month broke manager discovering money highly critical magazine connections deemed collaborator traitor publicly criticised decision referring specifically singled believed children author accusations threatened lawsuit unhappy life belgium plans argentina nation welcoming europeans supported defeated axis powers thriving comic book scene ultimately changed mind reasons remained unknown possible unable secure promise work south american country near switzerland accompanied friend theirs young woman named holiday embarked extra marital affair felt guilty returned brussels june privately expressed view led commit act viewed immoral influence friends hoping passion stability marriage arranged return switzerland soon argued embarked temporary separation remaining switzerland visited briefly returning brussels july switzerland embarked affair married woman informed setting spend time august couple sought reunite brittany broke returned lover switzerland september finally returned brussels close friend spent time retreat abbey notre dame month revived adventure interrupted german invasion began magazine story interrupted time weeks took holiday greatly annoying colleagues retained respect repeated created tense situation lengthy search found publisher willing produce edition magazine france began production french edition october unhappy appointed replacement editor chief describing cold magazine artistic director known strongly criticising work old friends like felt meet standards particularly critical work newly hired staff encouraging change artistic style better reflect preferences expressed concern working better opined keeping times perceived increased maturity children encouraging magazine better reflect current events scientific developments april established public company studios based avenue house brussels making newly purchased country house main studios provide personal support technical support ongoing work initially employees rise working projects hired primary apprentice studios march impressed work golden convinced martin join studios january martin insisted bringing assistants early 1950s number convicted collaborating nazi freed prison sympathetic plight lent money aided getting jobs magazine annoyance instance lending money connections secure job switzerland book shop sales inspector hired associated collaboration studios new wife recently assassinated member new secretary served prison sentence working occupation developed idea setting adventure moon producing began destination moon arc followed explorers moon magazine march september broke story feeling need break work having fallen clinical depression went holiday returning brussels late september readers sent letters asking explorers moon longer emerging died explorers moon resume eighteen month hiatus returning april alongside work new stories use studios early works february involved car crash leg shattered steel rod confined wheelchair months relationship strained received news death september friendship broke apart period advice gained alleged increasingly relying guidance january young woman named hired studios embarked extra marital affair november rest studio staff soon finding grew suspicious husband affections experiencing strong romantic attraction ballroom dance partner went cruise birthday visited rome october went second holiday time following revealed affair began experiencing traumatic dreams dominated colour white seeking explain visited student february returned switzerland arrival brussels began renting apartment away relationship ended restrictions belgian law unable obtain divorce seventeen years later september magazine moved headquarters newly constructed building near continued feud direction magazine constant led replaced artistic director demanded reinstated relented early soon departed weeks october appointed cartoonist editor chief magazine believing capable reforming paper remain relevant youth day point magazine commercial peak sales week lost interest book sales higher translations produced british spanish scandinavian markets receiving international press attention articles work appearing listener authored critical book world published vetoed inclusion proposed preface finding praise work embarrassing radio adaptations produced animated cartoon series produced live action films produced golden closely involved developing interest modern art early 1960s befriended art dealer owner gallery brussels particular fan work pop art movement particular work built personal collection consisted modern paintings african art chinese decided wanted paint chose respected belgian abstract painters time work liked lot private teacher took painting hobby producing abstract art works influenced styles showed work art historian chief des believed showed promise real talent lay cartoon drawing abandoned painting shortly having produced paintings spending time new june december magazine newly coloured version prepared staff studios supported studio produced affair followed final years 1960s increasingly annoyed success comic book series commentators described foremost comic franco belgian tradition hoping imitate success recent animated films agreed production animated films based temple sun based pre existing comics second original story written american filmmaker steven_spielberg requested film rights live action adaptation prospect excited project came fruition time october journalist conducted wide ranging interview opened problems experienced personal life planned publish interview book alterations improve prose remove sections cast negative light editors removed sections particularly expressed negative view catholicism interview published followed agreeing subject documentary film produced premiered january attended early comic book convention widely heralded masters discipline mark anniversary celebratory event held brussels hotel exhibit imaginary museum held arts april visited united_states time primarily visit liver specialist rochester minnesota trip visited reservation shocked conditions inhabitants lived visit spent time chicago san_francisco los_angeles las_vegas kansas_city april travelled new_york_city international conference strip cartoon presented mayor cartoon visiting city met pop artist years later visited europe produced pop art portrait april took invite visit taiwan nation government recognition promotion chinese culture visit spent time thailand long sought regain contact old friend lost contact regularly asked chinese people met knew success staff member brussels chinese restaurant revealed able establish contact old friend journalist organised visit brussels united event took place march heavily publicised found situation difficult press attention finding grown distant intervening years june father died funeral near assistant suffered stroke left unable write replacing young man biographer later termed son march divorce finalised continued visit financially support took divorce badly viewing betrayal able marry weeks later low key ceremony years old diagnosed necessitating complete blood need blood increased came require weeks week february entered cardiac arrest hospitalised intensive care brussels saint died march death received page coverage numerous newspapers including left sole heir november closed replacing magazine discontinued personal life highly private person described biographer reserved greatly enjoyed walking countryside art collecting fan jazz music disliked making public press appearances insisted personally responding fan mail received took considerable time stated children letters dreams friends described humorous man known particularly self jokes colleagues described assessment agreed known authoritarian dealing assistants refused share credit work marriage number affairs women children having rendered sterile radiation treatment 1950s offered adopt brother paul children george parents experiencing trouble relationship paul declined offer george later noting great affection deeming awkward children large life devout catholic supported traditional elements belgian society view expressed early comics adherence catholicism declined later life developed keen interest fan path wisdom work political views royalist remained life believing unity belgium early life close traditional right wing belgian society according political ideas unusual middle class circles belgium 1920s early 1930s patriotism catholicism strict morality discipline bound lives right wing politics inevitable product world view shared distinguished principally complete ignorance world took responsibility followed instruction allowed newspaper contain explicitly pro fascist anti semitic sentiment literary critic noted character concept promoted european far right guidance early contained explicit political messages young readership land soviets work anti socialist propaganda designed encourage sentiment america designed work anti heavily critical capitalism asserted acute political conscience earlier days exemplified condemnation racism united_states evident america literary critic went remarking america represented emergence left wing counter tendency work rebelled right wing particularly critical wealthy rejected right wing ideas embrace anti stance contemporary strip far right leaders germany italy adolf_hitler friends colleagues mid-1930s join far right later asserting commenting throw heart soul ideology opposite accusations racism faced repeated accusations racism portrayal ethnic groups according mccarthy represented good heart backwards lazy need european mastery thompson commented written book deliberately racist arguing reflected average early 20th century belgian view provoked controversy time coming perceived racist 20th century following adventure america depicted members tribe native americans naive broadly sympathetic culture plight depicting oppression hands army depicted japanese toothed drawn accusations racism accused anti semitic stereotypes character claimed based anti semitic stereotypes despite character italian jewish contrast racial early years openly critical racism racism society prelude comment america published august ridiculed racist attitudes chinese asserted racist man assessment shared meeting 1980s commented couldn met open racist contrast president opined adhered prevailing societal trends work fashionable nazi nazi fashionable colonial racist legacy described belgium awards recognition sweden lifetime award festival grand prix saint city brussels included harvey award jack hall fame included award hall fame judge choice bestowed character selected main motif belgian commemorative coin face value honour 100th birthday according index ninth translated french language author second translated belgian author second translated french language comics author main belt named popular culture cartoon version makes number cameo appearances cartoon series animated version makes cameo appearance start performance capture film secret directed steven_spielberg produced depicted street cartoonist drawing portrait start film located centre city south brussels location originally chosen museum futuristic building designed winning french architect cost million build centenary birth museum stone laid museum opened doors june idea museum dedicated work traced end 1970s alive death widow led efforts undertaken new catalogue choose artwork elements museum exhibitions contains permanent galleries displaying original artwork telling story life career previously visible public museum houses temporary exhibition gallery features prominently museum comic strip characters work graphic designer present
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