battle battle called battle occurred march battle war second coalition battle resulted victory austrian forces command french forces commanded battle occurred holy week amid rain dense fog initially french able hold nearby hamlet plus strategic points marsh engagement began numerical superiority overwhelmed french defenses evening french left wing flanked men retreated heights morning considered counter attack weather broke look austrian battle array numbers austrians convinced attack useless hope maintain position heights withdrew portion right flank cut main force casualties appeared sides austrians significantly larger fighting force field stretched line lake french casualties amounted percent force austrian approximately percent french withdrew days later armies engaged time greater losses sides austrian victory background initially rulers europe holy roman emperor viewed revolution france event french king subjects interfere rhetoric grew started view events alarm succeeded brother joseph emperor considered situation surrounding sister children greater greater alarm august consultation french nobles prussia issued declaration declared interest monarchs europe interests louis family threatened ambiguous consequences happen royal family french republican position increasingly difficult problems international relations french continued support counter revolution abroad chief prince son duke grandson duke base immediately french border sought direct support military intervention royal houses europe raised army april declared war austria war coalition france ranged european states sharing land water borders plus portugal ottoman_empire coalition forces achieved victories efforts northern italy pushed austrian forces resulted negotiation peace april subsequent treaty october treaty called meetings involved parties work exact territorial details convened french demand territory originally agreed stalled negotiations despite agreement ongoing meetings primary combatants coalition france austria highly suspicious motives diplomatic incidents undermined agreement austrians reluctant designated territories delegates transfer agreed territories compensate german princes losses ferdinand naples refused pay tribute france followed rebellion invasion france subsequent establishment republican uprising swiss encouraged military support led establishment factors contributed rising tensions way egypt napoleon stopped forcibly removed possessions angered paul russia honorary head order furthermore convinced austrians start war weaker seriously austrians russians english actually discussed possibility prelude austria taken command army late january unhappy strategy set forward brother ambitious plan francis council agreed austria fight defensive war maintain continuous defensive line danube northern italy stationed winter miles east south east army settled extending south river winter broke march general army called crossed rhine instructed block austrians access swiss alpine passes ostensibly armies coalition germany allies northern italy prevent assisting furthermore french held interior passes switzerland use routes forces theaters meeting little resistance advanced columns valley fourth column advanced north shore rhine better advised establish position eastern slope mountains instead pushed danube plain took position eventually pushing imperial city news french advance rhine took days reach charles austrian advance guard men command field marshal count crossed columns marching direction second strongest marching direction heading direction main force men command crossed battalions men crossed danube additional force troops command lieutenant field marshal marched direction eventually men command general von marched north switzerland arrive time participate battle subsequent battle small village population village belonged salem influential wealthy ecclesiastical territory lake village largely dedicated farming stretch imperial post road connected wide flat plain places stretched base heights village low lying hills valley small stream village takes lies northern end plain slightly south danube armies faced small time year valley march austrian soldiers arrived french advance guard arrived 9th command general forward line 25th brigade positioned battalions 53rd brigades light infantry squadrons field artillery pieces march village surrounding farms filled 17th austrian advance guard established forward posts remainder charles army point nearly strong established line lake march formed headquarters heights stood largest cavalry half infantry center including 1st squadrons 17th lay command general distributed columns strongest post road road direction hamlet flank division men commanded extended danube time began men looking vain austrian forces stationed played battle far right command angled south cavalry reserve general included battalion 53rd waited close column battle considered position superior austrian protected plain positions austrian thought days consolidate positions forces occupied couple points considered strategic causeway post road passed today bad village kilometers east hamlet kilometers north north east positions created perimeter unaware arrived forced marches vicinity thought main force charles army days march away middle holy week charles army mixed troops positioned formation parallel remaining troops left wing center near right flank extended armies assembled positions flanks forward outposts encountered skirmishes seven days march outposts armies nearly overlapped right wing general men encountered austrian column volunteer infantry light cavalry border regiments took prisoners respectively including officers happened austrians knowing official declaration war march french arrived camp prince major general commanding brigade advanced guard asked possessed declaration war vienna informed received declaration informed armistice established ended existed france austria state war general reportedly began general attack left sources bear scale attack initially strength french advance guard pushed forward austrian right kilometers east backing austrian main army river mixed brigade infantry light infantry cavalry encountered austrians forced ground immediately charles sent reinforcements austrians regained lost center french line kilometers east south east general column attacked austrians action lasted day austrian line included seasoned border regiments initial assault caused confusion austrian ranks counter attacked joined pursued french river valley cut squadrons column forced hamlet austrians battalions horse cannons bringing additional reinforcements light artillery 17th regiment able village march sent word attacked posts austrians soon expect general engagement general engagement charles divided force columns close austrians attacked force simultaneous assaults multiple positions advance force moved battalions squadrons position following main force right column little difficulty pushing french advanced kilometers northwest force pressured elements manned line entire line fell slowly maintain contact flanks count force attacking far left flank continued pressure line started south count took column battalions squadrons attacked adjutant general french line column salem maneuvering cross fire trapped french forces unable cover cut sides charles took main column high road causeway passed attack points deployment force charles sought center french line position separating wings main body force overcoming separately convergence columns french demonstrated advantage superiority austrian numbers angle austrians threatened french wrote men disappeared cloud red coats battalion battalion austrians threw french defenses late morning charles troops pushed french french nearly lost sent reinforcements fighting remained fierce french pulled encouraged austrian cavalry established road french formed new perimeter reinforced reserves enjoyed benefit altitude fire attacking austrians despite musket fire charles strategy worked far right wing force attacked fell salem abbey maintain communication french center heights fight began charles sent strong columns battalions stream french poured fire austrians took heavy losses ground night broke french line flanking main force cutting south threatened darkness fell ended day fighting withdrawal deciding attempt foray fog lifted revealed scene wrote later discovered immense line cavalry infantry said troops engaged advanced guard amounted thousand men perceived absolute making resistance superior force danger threatened division advantage enemy gained left ordered general fall division post sic wrong austrians engaged french advance guard numbered closer constituted main body charles army advance guard night charles moved additional troops renew attack heights march ordered wounded transported switzerland main army began retreat early morning march reserve division left pulled egg according retreat occurred perfect order supported particular company blew bridges face enemy fire fought like austrians forces right flank general southern point retreated salem maintain line remainder french force division pulled northern tip finger lake portion force encircled cut 2nd brigade taken prisoner sources assessment retreat forces especially left flank severely pressed french line collapsed ends soldiers fell dispatch paris later reported times claimed french intent betrayed austrians evidence attempt explain apparent surprise austrians attacked british report claimed french commander horses shot reported horse shot thrown stunned ground received musket ball wrist carried field command division given rising star furthermore sizable portion sources clear french right wing force cut main force prisoner finally general von quickly making way north men prepared attack army south aftermath eventually withdrew spelled city longer fell wrote armies matched french wrote overcame men taken austrian prisoners knew austrians lay dead wounded field battle army losses death matched ambitious austrians charles driven army hard wrote austrians pursue liberty loving french charles failure pursue french affirmed perception defeat followed retreat strategic withdrawal probably know charles ordered maintain continuous orderly defensive line troops south assessment match superiors paris recognized loss percent fighting force versus percent adversary draw furthermore attempt cut austrians access upper rhine lake succeeded considerations primarily simply men fight battle subsequent ones push troops pursue capture enemy harass retreat charles slow pursuit vienna overarching defensive strategy difficulty battle conducted troops forced march miles fighting rain fog normally terrain heavy spring rains snow melt regardless shortcomings week days departure french austrian armies continued fight time decision argued hold territory withdrew battle difficult pointed largely dense fog terrible weather hampered observation enemy movements fog blinded austrian movements charles fog rainy weather play role local level damp night 20th german green thursday thursday danube overflowed backing causing burst banks flood trapped civilians armies intent destruction come hoped best breath battle overhead killed spent caring wounded helping bury soldiers died battle battle monument prior simple wooden cross commemorated battle site located called hill overlooking village plains southeast fighting occurred monument erected honor battle french troops arrived region closed monument local pastor encouraged reopen calling chapel books journals sir history europe commencement french revolution restoration new_york french revolutionary wars new_york isbn john napoleon terrible general isbn edward sir annals wars eighteenth century compiled authentic histories period london mitchell military library graham thomas baron history campaign germany italy london david austrian commanders napoleonic wars london memoir operations army danube command general taken manuscripts officer london german die armies french republic volume armies rhine switzerland holland italy egypt coup oxford napoleon great adversaries gloucestershire isbn smith napoleonic wars data book actions losses personnel colours standards artillery pennsylvania books isbn history french revolution new_york german die der das website accessed october young john history commencement progress termination late war great_britain france continued day february october volume newspapers engagements grand armies general times friday april col private correspondence march reported times april col german
Battle of Ostrach