great white shark great white shark known great white white white shark white death species large shark found coastal surface waters major oceans great white shark mainly known size mature female individuals growing length weight smaller males measuring females average according study lifespan great white sharks estimated long years older estimates making longest lived fish currently known according study male great white sharks years reach sexual maturity females years ready produce offspring great white sharks accelerate mph short bursts great white shark known natural predators killer whale great white shark arguably world largest known extant fish primary predators marine mammals known prey variety marine animals including fish known surviving species genus ranked having recorded attacks humans iucn list great white shark vulnerable species included cites novel jaws subsequent blockbuster film steven_spielberg depicted great white shark ferocious man humans preferred prey great white shark great white responsible largest number reported identified fatal shark attacks humans taxonomy gave great white shark scientific later sir gave generic generic identified specific current scientific finalized comes greek words means sharp means tooth ancestry fossil record great white shark came existence mid earliest known fossils great white shark million years old phylogeny great white dispute original hypothesis great white origins shares common ancestor prehistoric shark teeth great white sharks teeth far larger skeletons estimated considerably larger great white shark estimated similarities physical remains extreme size great white led scientists believe sharks closely related applied new hypothesis proposes great white distant relatives albeit sharing family great white closely related ancient shark theory supported discovery complete set jaws teeth extinct transitional species published november addition new hypothesis assigns genus comprises sharks ancient representative extinct lineage distribution habitat great white sharks live coastal offshore waters water temperature greater concentrations united_states northeast california south_africa japan oceania chile mediterranean known populations found south_africa shark research great white fish observed presence rich game fur seals sea lions sharks large bony fish species open ocean recorded depths great findings challenge traditional notion great white coastal species according recent study california great whites migrated area baja california peninsula hawaii known white shark café spend days migrating baja journey swim slowly dive arrive change behavior short minutes white shark tagged south african coast swam southern coast australia year similar study tracked different great white shark south_africa swimming australia northwestern coast journey nmi months observations argue traditional theories white sharks coastal territorial predators open possibility interaction shark populations previously thought reasons migration destination unknown possibilities include seasonal feeding mating anatomy appearance great white shark robust large conical snout upper lower tail fin approximately size similar sharks great white displays having white underside grey dorsal area brown blue shade gives overall appearance coloration makes difficult prey spot shark breaks shark outline seen darker shade blends sea minimal silhouette sunlight great white sharks like sharks rows teeth main ones ready replace break shark bites head helping teeth saw large flesh size great white sharks sexual present females generally larger males male great whites average measure long females adults species weigh average mature females average mass largest females verified length estimated weight maximum size subject debate reports rough performed questionable circumstances living fish whale shark shark giant ray order average larger heavier species generally disposition given filter feeding small organisms makes great white shark largest extant fish great whites sharks born grow year according largest white shark reliably measured individual reported western_australia great white specimen similar size verified female caught august female great white long report considered reliable experts past larger great white shark specimen cuba specimen long body mass estimated later studies revealed particular specimen actually length specimen average maximum size range largest great white recognized caught south australian waters weighing larger great whites caught verified later formal recognition monitors rules violations adaptations great white sharks like sharks extra sense given enables detect electromagnetic field emitted movement living animals great whites sensitive detect variations half close range allows shark locate animals detecting fish developed similar sense body lateral line successfully hunt fast prey sea lions great white adapted maintain body temperature warmer surrounding water adaptations latin wonderful net close web like structure veins located lateral shark heat warming cooler arterial blood blood warmed working muscles keeps certain parts body particularly stomach temperatures surrounding water heart gills remain sea temperature energy core body temperature drop match surroundings great white shark success raising core temperature example great white shark considered body temperature constant internally regulated great whites rely fat stored long distance nutrient poor areas oceans studies stanford_university published july revealed addition controlling sharks liver great whites essential migration patterns sharks sink faster drift revealed use internal stores energy quicker sink dive rates bite force study sydney australia shark skull computer models measure shark maximum bite force study reveals forces behaviors skull adapted handle resolves competing theories feeding behavior team scientists led conducted experiment determine great white shark jaw power findings indicated specimen weighing exert bite force lbf ecology behavior shark behavior social structure understood south_africa white sharks dominance hierarchy depending size sex rights females dominate males larger sharks dominate smaller sharks residents dominate newcomers hunting great whites tend separate resolve conflicts rituals displays white sharks rarely resort combat individuals found bite marks match white sharks suggests great white approaches closely react warning bite possibility white sharks bite dominance great white shark sharks known regularly lift head sea surface gaze objects prey known spy behavior seen group reef sharks learned interaction humans shark able smell better way smell travels air faster water white sharks generally curious animals display intelligence turn situation demands white sharks observed arriving departing stable clans individuals yearly basis clan members related unknown peacefully fact social structure clan probably compared wolf pack member clearly established rank clan alpha leader members different clans meet establish social rank variety interactions diet great white sharks prey fish rays sharks seals fur seals sea lions sea turtles sea great whites known eat objects unable digest juvenile white sharks predominantly prey fish including jaws strong withstand forces required attack larger prey reach length meters point jaw withstand impact biting larger prey species approaching length nearly meters great white sharks begin target marine mammals food individual sharks different types prey depending preferences highly sharks prefer prey high content energy rich fat shark expert rod reel rig seal pig sheep boat sharks attacked rejected sheep california sharks northern elephant seals large bite main source seal mobility wait seal bleed death technique especially adult male elephant seals typically larger shark ranging potentially dangerous adversaries commonly juvenile elephant seals frequently eaten elephant seal colonies prey normally attacked sub surface harbor seals taken surface dragged stop struggling eaten near california sea lions ambushed struck mid body dragged eaten white sharks attack avoid detected targeted species include harbour groups occasionally observed defending sharks behaviour white shark predation species small observed august meter juvenile male sperm whale found stranded central california bite mark caudal great white shark addition white sharks attack prey cases adult whale mean mass juvenile whale individual estimated hunted killed great white sharks observed hunting sea turtles appear simply bite turtle heaviest species bony fish oceanic found great white shark seal island south_africa sharks ambush brown fur seals high speeds hitting seal mid body fast completely leave water peak burst speed estimated kilometers hour mph observed chasing prey missed attack prey usually attacked surface shark attacks occur morning hours sunrise visibility poor success rate hours falling late morning hunting stops whale comprise important diet white sharks rarely observed dying remote areas estimated whale feed white shark months detailed observations whale sharks drawn chemical detection spread strong winds initially feeding whale caudal sharks investigate slowly swimming parts selecting rich area feeding bouts seconds sharks removed flesh lateral protective rotation employ attacking live prey sharks frequently observed immediately returning feed possibly order replace low energy yield pieces high energy yield pieces teeth distinguish feeding hours sharks appeared longer swimming surface observed apparently unable bite hard remove flesh instead bounce slowly sink sharks observed feeding simultaneously showing signs aggression occasion shark accidentally bit head neighbouring shark leaving teeth embedded continued feed smaller individuals eating drifted away unusually area large numbers sharks metres long observed suggesting largest sharks change behaviour search lose required hunt seals possible whale important location sexually mature sharks meet mating investigating team concluded importance whale particularly largest white sharks documented incident white sharks observed whale alongside tiger sharks stomach contents great whites indicates whale sharks juvenile adult included animal menu active hunting known present reproduction known reproduction great whites evidence points near effect large feast whale possibly inducing mating great white sharks previously thought reach sexual maturity years age actually far longer male great white sharks reach sexual maturity age females years reach sexual maturity maximum life span originally believed years study placed upwards years examinations growth ring count gave maximum male age years maximum female age years specimens studied shark late sexual maturity low reproductive rate slow growth vulnerable pressures environmental change little known great white shark mating habits birth observed pregnant females examined great white sharks means eggs develop hatch continue develop birth great white month gestation period shark powerful jaws begin develop month sharks participate feed produced mother delivery spring summer population great whites suspected breed evidenced local fisherman said caught evidenced teeth found dump sites discarded parts catches behavior breach result high speed approach surface resulting momentum taking shark partially completely clear water hunting technique employed great white sharks whilst hunting seals technique cape fur seals south_africa behavior unpredictable hard document photographed developed technique slow moving seal trick sharks breach april september scientists observe seals swim surface great white sharks launch predatory attack deeper water reach speeds kilometers hour mph times launch feet air half observed breach attacks successful meter long shark jumped seven person research vessel crew undertaking population study bait incident judged attack boat accident natural threats competition great white shark probable regions preferences species overlap incident documented october california united_states estimated meter female estimated meter great white shark held shark upside induce kept shark minutes causing proceeded eat dead shark liver believed scent slain shark caused great whites region flee opportunity great seasonal feed similar attack apparently occurred outcome clear attacks local population great whites vanished following incident great white satellite tag found immediately submerged depth hawaii pod recorded killed great white shark south_australia conservation status unclear concurrent increase fishing great white sharks caused decline great white shark populations 1970s present accurate global population numbers available great white shark considered vulnerable sharks taken long interval birth sexual maturity reproduce making population recovery growth difficult iucn notes little known actual status great white shark appears uncommon compared widely distributed species considered vulnerable included cites meaning international trade species requires permit march included annex migratory sharks increased international understanding coordination protection certain migratory sharks february study stanford_university estimated world population great white sharks lower individuals making species vulnerable extinction tiger population range according study great white sharks near california coast times higher previous estimate fishermen target sharks jaws teeth fins game fish general great white shark rarely object commercial fishing flesh considered valuable captured happens example mediterranean sold smooth shark australia great white shark declared vulnerable significant population decline currently protected act causes decline prior protection included mortality sport fishing caught beach protection national conservation status great white shark reflected australian states respective laws granting species protection australia regardless jurisdiction states prohibited killing possession great white sharks prior national legislation coming effect great white shark listed threatened victoria flora rare likely extinct schedule wildlife conservation act western australia australian government created implementing government mandated conservation research monitoring conservation addition federal protection stronger regulation shark related trade tourism activities updated recovery plan published review progress research findings implement conservation actions study revealed australia population separated genetically distinct eastern western populations indicating need development regional conservation strategies presently human caused shark mortality continuing primarily accidental illegal catching commercial recreational fishing caught beach protection populations great white shark australia recover new_zealand april great white sharks fully protected kilometers new_zealand additionally fishing new_zealand boats outside range maximum penalty fine months prison north_america great white sharks added california endangered species act data collected population great whites estimated fewer individuals research reveals sharks genetically distinct members species africa australia east coast north_america having isolated populations study estimated population great white sharks california coastline approximately massachusetts banned catching cage diving feeding significant highly predictable migratory great white population appropriate research permit goal restrictions protect sharks public health relationship humans shark attacks shark species great white shark responsible far largest number recorded shark attacks humans documented attacks humans documented attack best selling novel jaws subsequent film adaptation directed steven_spielberg provided great white shark image man public mind great white sharks killed humans documented attacks typically target example mediterranean_sea confirmed attacks humans centuries non fatal incidents test bites great white sharks test bite unfamiliar objects grab human identify contrary popular belief great white sharks mistake humans seals attacks occur waters low visibility situations shark senses species appears like taste humans finds taste unfamiliar research shows tell bite object worth attacking humans bony liking prefer fat protein rich seal humans appropriate prey shark slow cope human high ratio bone muscle fat accordingly recorded attacks great whites broke contact bite fatalities usually caused blood loss initial bite critical organ loss consumption total great white shark attacks fatal researchers reason proportion fatalities low sharks like human flesh humans able escape bite 1980s noted divers dove solo attacked great whites generally partially consumed divers followed buddy system generally rescued buddy author professor suggest standard pattern great whites initial devastating attack wait prey weaken consuming wounded animal humans ability reach help attack unusual great white prey state government western_australia led premier implemented policy killing large sharks policy intended protect users marine environment shark attack following deaths seven people western australian coastline years drum lines deployed near popular beaches hooks designed catch great white sharks bull tiger sharks large sharks found hooked alive shot bodies discarded sea government claims sharks targeted hazard strategy described opposition extreme said change mind attacks boats great white sharks attack sink boats shark attacks reported pacific_coast 20th century involved cases attacked boats meters length knocked people overboard usually attacking boat stern case large shark completely south african fishing boat lucky jim knocking sea underwater observations suggest sharks attracted boats electrical fields generate great white sharks captivity prior august great white shark captivity lived longer days august white shark survived days released idea containing live great white film jaws shortly opening day california housed great white shark died days july researchers captured small female kept large pen near days rare success getting shark feed captivity release september able place great white long term exhibit young female caught coast kept gal exhibit days released march tracked days release evening august introduced juvenile male caught outside meal captive large salmon september date estimated meters length weigh approximately kilograms released january days captivity housed great white juvenile male days august february arrival long weighed grew release juvenile female came august swim shark fed time stay tagged released september juvenile female captured near august introduced exhibit august successfully released wild november added meter long male redesigned open sea exhibit august animal captured waters largest adult great whites exhibited japan meters male exhibited days dying probably famous captive female named sandy august great white housed san_francisco california released eat constantly walls shark tourism cage diving common sites great whites frequent including coast south_africa south_australia baja california popularity cage diving swimming sharks focus tourist industry common practice water pieces fish attract sharks practices sharks accustomed people environment associate human activity food potentially dangerous situation drawing bait wire cage tour operators lure shark cage possibly striking problem operators draw bait away cage causing shark swim past divers present hang illegal dive operators use operators south_africa australia continue use hang south_australia playing rock music recordings underwater including album black attract sharks companies object blamed shark attacks pointing lightning tends strike humans sharks bite humans position research needs banning practices alter natural behavior compromise use areas whites actively patrol away human leisure areas responsible dive operators feed sharks sharks willing follow trail find food end shark soon associate meal suggested government licensing strategies help enforce responsible tourism shark tourist industry financial leverage animal single set great white jaws fraction tourism value live shark tourism sustainable economic activity shark fishing example dive industry south_africa consists boat operators boat guiding people day fees person single live shark visits boat create revenue daily examples large unconfirmed great whites number large unconfirmed great white shark specimens recorded decades works listed great white sharks largest individuals 1870s great white captured southern australian waters near shark trapped herring new_brunswick canada 1930s measurements scientific researchers questioned reliability measurements long time noting larger accurately reported sighting later studies proved theories correct new_brunswick shark shark similar body shapes question port fairy shark settled 1970s examined shark jaws found port fairy shark order length suggested mistake original record shark length wrong measurements alleged shark times heavier unconfirmed reports great white sharks caught modern times estimated long claims received criticism believed great white shark exceeded length great white shark captured near australia april shark estimated long designated great white shark caught malta april shark estimated long designated malta drew criticism shark size methods proposed suggest specimen long similar fashion shark size methods proposed suggest malta specimen long photographic evidence suggested specimens larger size yielded methods team scientists reviewed cases malta specimens resolve dispute conducting comprehensive analysis remains sharks examination photographic evidence attempt original size findings consistent findings indicated reasonable ruled particularly large female great white nicknamed deep blue estimated measuring metres filmed shooting episode shark week jaws strikes later gain significant attention filmed interacting researcher viral video posted facebook june particularly infamous great white shark supposedly record proportions patrolled area comprises south_africa said metres early 1980s shark known locally submarine legendary reputation supposedly founded rumors stated shark exaggerated size non existent altogether witness accounts young notable shark expert south_africa father indicate unusually large animal considerable size power remains uncertain massive shark escaped capture time hooked describes encounters giant shark participated great detail book great white sharks best behavior contender maximum size predatory sharks tiger shark tiger sharks typically feet smaller heavy body structure white sharks confirmed reach metres length specimen reported measured metres length weighed kilograms times heavier largest confirmed specimen kilograms sharks greenland shark pacific sleeper shark reported rival sharks length probably weigh bit slender build great white exceptional cases question maximum weight complicated unresolved question include shark stomach contents weighing shark single bite great white flesh consume kilograms food books devil teeth close shore shark attacks days terror events news articles great white shark cool stuff educator resources great white shark fact file white fossil white shark filmed night depth article shark super senses pbs ocean adventures site great whites descended mega sharks great white sharks truth documentary maker australian focus legal status battle remote depths los_angeles_times article largest great whites recorded huge great white cruises busy beach photographic depictions activities images movies great white shark photo gallery great white sharks great white sharks research group studies habits migration white shark videos nature perfect predator great white shark discovery channel white shark cage dive south_africa discovery channel wild whale ate jaws youtube video documented interaction inexperienced white shark attacking seal water
Great white shark