salmon creek dam concrete arch dam miles northwest alaska built world constant angle arch variable radius dam built dams constructed world dam built meet electrical energy needs mining operations dam continues fully functional hydroelectric generation drinking water sources city fishing built adoption constant arch design dam reduced costs concrete needed construct dam hydroelectric power stations built initial stage upper level lower level use new powerhouse built adjoining old produces inexpensive electricity alaska meeting energy needs city built dam power plants considered engineering wonders operated maintained topography dam built forested scenic narrow valley salmon creek runs flows southwest miles dam marked maps located terminus way built specifically way built hauling material constructing dam associated power stations power supply mines located site miles south sheep creek miles long road built upper powerhouse base commissioned creek runs length miles watershed creek divide miles ridge line miles stream bed large gravel bedrock gradient decreases downstream dam average width stream feet depth water feet basin surrounded hills steep slopes elevation feet sea level distance dam city miles harbor miles miles evolution arch dam design roman period theory building curved dam arch dam known means withstand water pressure hold masonry joints background masonry arch dams dominated dam building scenario 19th century introduction concrete technology building dams structural design arch dams underwent dramatic change economic evolution minimize use construction material inter cost construction basically arch dam structure curves upstream water pressure transferred directly valley sides indirectly concrete theoretically ideal constant angle arch valley arch dam central angle theory led development constant angle variable radius arch dam thinner design theory initiated north_america dams alaska particular building completed regard mining engineer lasting impact mining industry alaska mining company instrumental introducing design thin arch dam help football team mates evolved specific design constant arch dam gives design credit chief engineer idea building dam thought years earlier use construction material building dam concept transformed ground pioneer mining engineer theory design arch dam design basic shapes adopted constant radius arch constant angle arch design complex constant radius arch design known single radius arch shape dam cylindrical vertical upstream face downstream face battered constant angle arch design variable radius arch design central opening angle constant arch radius increases base crest increase crest proportional increase canyon width gorge according theory constant arch design arch action base dam maximum pressure base shaped gorge particular considered ideal feature building type dam design ensures substantial savings use construction material opposed constant radius arch design conceived concept proved economic design dam obtained opening angle quantity concrete design applied modifications salmon creek dam designed constant opening angle radius varying feet base feet crest shape gorge dam site ideal building type dam salmon creek site ice pressure tons square foot kpa considered based rim conditions reservoir design checked ice pressure tons square foot kpa case safety factor concrete resultant compression values considered safe dam designed base width feet width feet mentioned source width feet feet mentioned source dam height feet geological condition base dam dictated type dam flat rocky bed feet width available lay foundation arch dam large scale excavations dip rock steep upstream downstream flat base bank bank crest length feet dam envisaged storage acre feet reservoir level acre feet water feet deep steel outlet pipe feet diameter proposed embedded mid base dam dam planned elevation feet sea level reservoir water spreads area acres drained square miles km2 concurrently power houses planned generate power mining industry reservoir water upper power station capacity mile downstream dam lower power station capacity near shore variable radius type shape dam adopted standard high large dams particularly western usa article project notes following upstream served offset stronger curved lower arches near pronounced downstream toe reduced stresses upstream heel realization new design possible building dam entirely concrete construction based plans prepared concrete arch dam power stations construction started construction lower power house shore confluence initiated transmission line erected mines march construction dam started april construction facilities dam established upstream fine coarse produced crushing rocks crushing plant mixed designed proportions cement small lime manufacture concrete placing dam batch concrete placed dam july dam completed months period august concrete quantity cubic yards placed dam concrete placed rate cubic yards day power stations built utilize water stored reservoir created dam power station upper powerhouse titled powerhouse located mile dam installation units capacity operating hydraulic head feet tail waters power station conveyed feet long power channel second power station titled powerhouse located shore power house location units capacity operating head feet total generation power stations average load power stations horsepower near powerhouse shore office buildings machine shops saw mills housing facilities staff built rehabilitation completion dam power stations gone rehabilitation measures damaged fire finally abandoned aging dam needed work carried deteriorated concrete removed dam body upstream face dam provided layer high strength concrete feet lower power house underwent major rehabilitation measures shut december high cost operation maintenance new power plant built adjoining old powerhouse installation capacity benefits project initially built hydroelectric power generation meet mining requirements years evolved reservoir benefits power generation drinking water fisheries dam new power house facility lower house site fully functional generating capacity power station annually accounts nearly power demand operates maintains system drinking water supply reservoir secondary source drinking water provided conjunction water drawn near power generation plant located near sea level tail waters power station pumped water treatment plant adjustment ash water supplied distribution system system commissioned lower commissioned new generating units reservoir contact tanks added given time react supplied city source subject seasonal high annual maintenance generator units system able supply gallons water covers area water resources generally pollution free quality monitored tested month check drinking water standards set fisheries named visit area gold local people called meaning dog salmon native indian shown early maps fish propagation established salmon creek reservoir introducing small young recently hatched fish reservoir assistance alaska fish maintained helped fish reserves salmon reservoir reported time lake opened fishing fish measured inches caught fly inches open bait fishing year round salmon fish varieties fish species identified salmon family
Salmon Creek Dam