locally state located region united_states named native american tribes comprise significant portion population historically dominated entire territory 17th expansive 5th populous 5th densely populated united_states southern portion state november simultaneously state capital population largest city bordered states minnesota iowa nebraska wyoming montana state dividing geographically socially distinct halves known residents home state population fertile soil area grow variety crops west missouri predominant agricultural activity economy dependent tourism defense spending native american reservations located black hills group low pine covered mountains sacred located southwest state major tourist destination located experiences temperate continental climate distinct seasons precipitation ranging moderate east semi arid west ecology state features species typical north american grassland humans inhabited area dominant early 19th century late 19th century european american settlement intensified gold rush construction railroads east miners settlers triggered number indian wars ending wounded knee massacre key events 20th century included dust bowl great depression increased federal spending 1940s 50s agriculture defense agriculture reduced family farming democratic senators represented multiple terms federal level state government largely controlled republican_party nominees carried presidential elections historically dominated agricultural economy rural lifestyle recently sought economy areas attract retain residents history rural character strongly influence culture state geography situated north central united_states considered midwest great plains region culture economy geography western common west midwest total area square miles km2 making state 17th largest union elevation state highest point shoreline lowest elevation bordered north south nebraska east iowa minnesota west wyoming montana geographical center miles west north american continental pole located allen kyle nearest coastline largest longest river state major rivers include white rivers eastern south natural lakes created periods additionally dams missouri river create large lake lake lewis regions geology generally divided regions eastern western missouri river serves boundary terms geographic social political differences eastern western geography long considered sacred ground native americans differs surroundings extent considered separate rest western times combined rest western people refer resulting regions divided generally features higher precipitation lower topography western state smaller geographic regions area include till plains des plateau bordered east west west low flat highly eroded land following flow north south till plains area rolling hills fertile soil covers iowa nebraska extends southeastern corner layers deposited pleistocene starting million years ago cover eastern youngest rock sediment layers state product successive periods deposited large rocks soil known till area great plains cover western thirds west missouri river landscape arid rugged consisting rolling hills plains steep flat topped hills called south east lie south erosion marine skeletons fell large shallow sea covered area volcanic material contribute geology area southwestern extend wyoming range low mountains covers km2 peaks rise feet bases location sea level highest point highest point united_states east rocky_mountains billion year old formations oldest rocks state form central core formations form outer ring created roughly million years ago area features rocks limestone deposited area formed shoreline ancient inland sea ecology area dominated temperate grasses crops cover region deciduous trees common near rivers shelter belts mammals area include deer prairie dogs state bird ring adapted area introduced china growing populations bald eagles spread state especially near rivers lakes support populations pike bass species contains pre historic higher elevation level precipitation ecology differs significantly plains mountains types including mammals include deer sheep mountain goats pine mountain lions streams lakes contain species trout climate continental climate distinct seasons ranging cold dry winters hot semi humid summers summers average high temperature state close near night unusual severe hot dry spells summer temperature climbing times year winters cold january high temperatures averaging freezing low temperatures averaging state highest recorded temperature july lowest recorded temperature february average annual precipitation ranges semi arid conditions northwestern state inches semi humid southeast portion state inches small area centered lead highest precipitation nearly inches year summers bring frequent severe thunderstorms high winds thunder hail eastern state considered experiences average tornadoes year severe weather form ice storms occurs winter national parks monuments contains sites administered national_park_service national parks established located southwestern state established contains extensive cave network large herd national park created park features eroded brightly colored landscape surrounded semi arid established sculpture presidents carved sculptor areas managed national_park_service include lewis historic trail missile national historic site features decommissioned nuclear missile separate missile control area located miles away crazy horse memorial large sculpture near constructed private funds site near privately owned attraction working dig site contains largest concentrations remains world history humans lived today thousand years inhabitants hunter disappeared area semi nomadic people known lived central eastern 14th century crow creek massacre occurred men women children killed near settled valley european contact area began brothers explored region group buried plate near site modern day claiming region france greater louisiana entire region spanish louisiana early 19th century largely replaced dominant group area united_states purchased area included president organized group commonly referred lewis clark expedition explore newly acquired region american fur trading post set present day beginning continuous american settlement area bought fort abandoned favor fort south settlement americans europeans time increasing rapidly signed treaty present day eastern united_states land founded eastern largest present day cities established united_states government initially included parts montana wyoming settlement area people eastern united_states western northern europe increased rapidly especially completion eastern railway link gold discovered military expedition led miners explorers began illegally entering land promised expedition took place despite fact granted entire western half present day treaty declined grant mining rights land war broke failed stop white miners settlers entering region eventually defeated broke reservations settling areas supreme_court congress ordered payment illegal seizure case remains unsettled refuse accept money instead insist return land growing population political concerns admitting states meant having new senators caused divided half president signed formally admitting union november harrison papers obscure signed order went december wounded knee massacre occurred pine ridge indian reservation commonly cited major armed conflict united_states massacre resulted deaths women children soldiers killed conflict 1930s economic climatic conditions combined disastrous results lack rainfall extremely high temperatures inappropriate cultivation techniques produced known dust bowl plains states fertile blown away massive dust storms completely ruined experiences dust bowl coupled local bank general economic effects great depression resulted south leaving state population declined economic stability returned entry world war demand state agricultural industrial products grew nation mobilized war pick plan passed resulting construction large dams partially located flood control recreational opportunities boating fishing provided dams recent decades transformed state dominated agriculture economy tourism industry grown considerably completion interstate system 1960s important destination financial service industry began grow state moving credit card operations new_york followed financial companies state eliminate caps interest rates site recently closed gold near lead chosen location new underground research facility despite growing state population recent economic development rural areas struggling past years locally declining populations emigration educated young adults larger cities states consolidation agriculture contributed greatly declining number smaller family farms resulting economic demographic challenges facing rural towns demographics population estimates population july increase united states census estimated population increase year population reported older females approximately population census ranked fifth lowest nation population population density people residing born born state born puerto_rico areas born abroad american parent born country center population located unincorporated county seat race ethnicity according racial composition population white non hispanic white american indian african american black asian american race races population hispanic latino spanish origin race population younger age minorities meaning parent non hispanic white largest ancestry groups german norwegian irish native american english german americans largest ancestry group parts state especially east large scandinavian descended populations counties nation largest population communal group emigrated europe primarily german speaking areas american indians largely predominant counties comprise cent population seven large indian reservations state occupy area diminished government allocated tribes highest proportion native americans state alaska new_mexico state counties wholly boundaries sovereign indian reservations limitations climate land isolation urban areas employment opportunities living standards reservations far national average ranked county nation unemployment rate crow creek reservation households lack basic kitchen study found homes pine ridge indian reservation telephone reservations isolation ability generate revenue gaming avenue proved profitable tribes closer urban centers languages legislature passed law english common language state census population aged older speak german home speak spanish residents aged older spoke english primary language population spoke language english population spoke spanish spoke spoke german languages spoken included vietnamese chinese russian growth rural flight decades population rural areas declined common states change characterized rural flight family farming declined young people moved cities employment trend continued recent years counties losing population census time counties population loss greater northwest corner state losing nearly population low birth rates lack younger immigration caused median age counties increase counties population age compared national rate effect rural flight spread evenly rural counties small towns lost population area larger counties interstate indian reservations gained population reservations exercised sovereignty returned urban areas near seventh fastest growing county percentage united_states growth areas compensated losses rest state total population continues increase steadily albeit slower rate national average religion largest denominations number adherents roman_catholic_church members america members members specific denominations broader terms lutheran methodist respectively results survey south asked identify religion include christian protestant lutheran methodist baptist presbyterian protestant non christian religious religions refused answer economy current dollar gross state product billion fifth smallest total state output capita personal income ranked 25th population poverty line list states business recognized seventh best state nation july state unemployment rate service industry largest economic contributor sector includes retail finance health care industries largest bank holding company united_states time established national banking operations advantage favorable banking regulations government spending important segment state economy providing percent gross state product near second largest single employer state agriculture historically key component economy industries expanded rapidly recent decades agricultural production important state economy especially rural areas valuable agricultural products cattle corn wheat agriculture related industries meat packing production considerable economic impact state sixth leading producing state nation important sector economy tourism travel view attractions state particularly region historic nearby state national parks largest tourist events state annual day event drew attendees significant considering state total population tourism provided estimated jobs state contributed billion dollars economy transportation miles highways roads streets miles interstate highways major pass interstate runs east west southern half state interstate running north south eastern portion state corridor features generally higher rates population economic growth areas eastern interstate located state shorter spur central loop southern eastern major highways pass state routes travel east west routes run north south montana states sharing land border traversed paved road contains located runs north central state scenic include railroads played important role transportation mid-19th century miles railroad track built late 19th century early 20th century miles active currently largest railroad minnesota eastern state major carrier rail transportation state confined freight states amtrak service largest commercial airports terms passenger traffic commuter brand affiliation major serve largest airports cities state commercial air service regional airport regional airport regional airport program government politics government like states structure government follows separation powers federal government executive legislative judicial branches structure state government laid highest law state constitution amended majority vote houses legislature voter initiative governor occupies executive branch state government current governor republican state constitution gives governor power sign law veto bills passed state legislature serve commander chief appoint cabinet criminal sentences pardon convicted crimes governor serves year term serve consecutive terms state legislature bodies senate members house_of_representatives members divided legislative districts voters representatives senator district legislature meets annual session begins second tuesday january lasts days meets special session called governor judicial branch levels state supreme court justices chief justice highest court state supreme court circuit courts circuit judges serve seven judicial circuits state circuit courts magistrate courts deal minor criminal civil actions state taxes lowest capita total state tax rate united_states state levy personal corporate income taxes inheritance taxes taxes personal property state sales tax rate percent voted come effect june local areas rate percent state sales tax apply sales indians indian reservations reservations compact state businesses reservation collect tax state indian tribes percentage sales tax collections relating ratio indian population total population county area affected property taxes local taxes large source funding school systems counties municipalities local government units taxes including cigarette alcohol related taxes federal representation represented federal level senator senator representative republicans seven states seat house_of_representatives united_states presidential elections allotted votes states maine neighboring nebraska electoral votes granted winner system politics politics generally dominated republican_party republicans carried state electoral votes presidential elections alaska carried fewer times democrat presidential candidates democratic nominee native able carry state additionally democrat won governorship republicans hold voter registration advantage democrats hold large state house_of_representatives senate despite state general republican conservative democrats found success statewide elections notably involving congressional representatives washington american indians active state county electoral politics election american indian voting carried democratic candidate margin votes electoral defeat senator senate minority leader briefly majority leader democratic control senate voted republican nominee democratic president barack_obama margin incumbent republican governor won second term democrat incumbent defeated democrat large seat house governor republican defeated democrat senator senate seat vacated retiring democrat contemporary political issues include costs benefits state lottery relatively low rankings education spending particularly teacher pay recent legislative electoral attempts ban abortion state culture culture reflects state american indian rural western european roots number annual events celebrating state ethnic historical heritage place state days czech days annual festivities tribes hold annual reservations state non native americans invited holds annual volunteers horseback gather park herd medicine man life spanned transition reservations accounts 19th century indian wars ghost dance movement deep thoughts personal visions native american religion form basis book black speaks published editions premier edition published award winning children book author illustrator based semi autobiographical books based experiences child young adult frontier best known writers drew life growing homestead near basis novels shores long winter little town prairie happy golden years years gained renewed popularity united_states prairie adapted produced television series daughter known writer right born near produced notable artists grew homestead near manchester late 19th century worked career commercial illustrator famous works showed scenes frontier life completed near end career crow born crow creek indian reservation won fame paintings howe native american painters adopt techniques style heavily influenced mid-20th century movement relying traditional native american styles originally accomplished painter rural wildlife scenes works display cities towns largest city population metropolitan area population city founded located southeast corner state retail finance healthcare assumed greater importance economy originally centered business population metropolitan area population second largest city state located eastern edge founded economy largely based tourism defense spending close proximity tourist attractions largest cities state order descending population mitchell state capital locations state largest universities respectively population second smallest state capital united_states largest cities state located west media newspaper democrat began publishing today largest newspaper state sunday circulation weekday circulation sunday circulation weekday circulation second largest newspaper largest newspapers state founded newspaper local american indian community pine ridge indian reservation newspaper published new_york known indian country today currently available state country covers parts currently television stations broadcasting broadcasts number locations state stations broadcast largest television media markets viewership viewership markets rank largest united_states respectively television station state began airing early programs captain afternoon children program captain ran making longest continuously running children television program nation number south famous work fields television publishing nbc nightly news anchor author usa today founder host spent childhood mission entertainment news hosts brien education total primary secondary school enrollment students educated public school system public schools school districts giving highest number schools capita united_states current high school graduation rate average act score slightly national average adult population earned high school diploma earned bachelor degree higher average public school teacher salary compared national average lowest nation passed legislation modeled montana education native american tribal history culture heritage schools pre school college effort increase knowledge appreciation indian culture residents state reinforce indian students understanding cultures contributions members appointed governor controls public universities state largest university state enrollment usd state oldest university law school medical school private universities largest sports recreation organized sports low population host major league professional sports franchises state number minor league independent league teams play currently home teams falls baseball basketball hockey falls storm arena football play home field play nba league affiliated nba miami heat play pentagon storm share premier center play storm play hockey team named play rush began inaugural season plaza civic center universities host variety sports programs years states country ncaa division football basketball team years ago decided teams followed universities state compete ncaa division iii levels famous athletes include mills town competed summer olympic games tokyo american win gold medal meter event miller mitchell time nba champion played college basketball leading ncaa championship game sophomore year won nba rookie year award played mlb teams retiring played new york liberty san_antonio silver stars assistant coach nba heavy weight champion wwe nfl grew attended recreation fishing hunting popular outdoor activities fishing contributes million economy hunting contributes million hunting fishing sold state half hunting thirds fishing purchased south popular species game include white tailed deer deer canada snow targets include eastern glacial lakes salmon trout sports cycling running popular state state opened mile rail trail trail site portion annual marathon marathon entire course elevation feet events state include tour mile day cycling event covers eastern central annual draws hundreds thousands participants united_states state symbols official state symbols include state bird ring state flower american flower state tree spruce state nicknames official state sunshine state unofficial state motto god people rule state slogan great faces state mineral rose state insect honey bee animal fish state song hail south
South Dakota