polish russian latin lithuanian june polish prince reigned king poland lithuania november death son iii polish wife anna austria known anna teen aged elected russia assume russian throne father opposition popular uprising russia title grand duke elected king poland fairly successful defending polish lithuanian commonwealth invasion notably war participated personally supported religious tolerance carried military reforms founding renowned patron arts music failed realize dreams regaining swedish crown gaining fame conquering ottoman_empire strengthening royal power reforming commonwealth died legitimate male heir succeeded polish throne half brother jan death marked end relative stability polish lithuanian commonwealth conflicts tensions growing decades came head devastating consequences notably largest uprisings swedish invasion royal titles latin english grace god king poland lithuania prussia hereditary king elected grand duke elected king poland paternal inheritance legally succeeded king sweden titles longest polish king life father grandson sweden king succeeded father swedish throne deposed uncle subsequently resulted long standing feud polish kings claiming swedish throne led polish swedish war later childhood marriage traditional politically motivated marriage intended tie young prestigious born june king summer residence near months main castle consumed fire mother died february years giving birth raised ladies court eventually powerful player royal court influence polish prussian noble early 17th century lost influence gained new teachers priests military matters curriculum likely designed priest respected studied years years rome age received prince court formed friendship brother reported young interested arts later led important patron arts spoke wrote german italian latin liked polish nobility father plans secure throne poland unpopular eventually crushed intensification polish intervention royal family moved residence capital grand lithuania witnessed fire event required royal family evacuate residence castle shortly year aged elected aristocracy council seven polish war time troubles election ruined father aimed convert population orthodox religion catholicism refused agree request send prince moscow conversion instead proposed reign regent instead unrealistic proposal led resumption hostilities briefly beginning struck silver gold coins russian moscow grand prince russia tried regain throne organizing campaign despite military victories unable capture moscow commonwealth gained disputed territories truce able reign russia throne time instead held held title real power likely failure campaign showed limits royal power poland major factors failure included significant autonomy military commanders superior lack funds army polish parliament refused war prince elected king commonwealth fought campaigns seeking personal glory final campaign russians end went looking opportunity aid struggle thirty years war opportunity came point onward good relationship following year took second phase polish ottoman war consequence long series struggles poland ottomans polish commanders battle reportedly struck ill despite proved voice reason convincing polish commanders stay fight advice correct battle eventually ended peace treaty returned status quo ottoman invasion peace treaty gave international reputation defender christian faith increased popularity commonwealth near witnessed arrogant attitude navy took opportunity sea superiority demand concessions commonwealth navy king decided time come travel like peers western_europe security reasons traveled fake polish meaning seen coat arms voyage accompanied notable travelled munich met bavaria brussels met spain antwerp near met stay impressed western military techniques later reflected king military matters important military genius surpassed contemporary commonwealth known fairly commander rome welcomed pope urban viii congratulated fighting ottomans stay florence impressed opera decided bring form art commonwealth previously unknown genoa venice impressed local shipyards witnessed specially organized mock naval battle experiences resulted later attempt create polish returning poland fought phase polish swedish war took battle involvement conflict lasted till truce limited spent time parts country period afterward lobbied support polish throne father getting advanced age succession polish throne occur inheritance process royal elections father tried ensure election life popular option nobility repeatedly failed including sudden heart attack suffered april death morning hours april forced issue taken king election eventually concluded election contenders decision commonwealth king reached november ready official announcement delayed november pledged fund military school equipment find way fund naval fleet maintain current alliances raise armies offices military ranks foreigners negotiate peace treaties declare war approval wife senate approval convince brothers oath commonwealth transfer profits private treasury election result announced nobility taken election began festivities honor new king lasted hours crowned february following year military campaigns attempt advantage confusion expected death polish king russia ordered attack commonwealth army crossed commonwealth eastern frontier october laid siege ceded poland russia end wars war russia war succeeded breaking siege september turn surrounded russian army forced surrender march campaign started program commonwealth army usage modern infantry artillery proved good innovations use artillery fortifications based western ideas greatly contributed eventual polish lithuanian success king wanted continue war polish swedish treaty soon ally russians strike sweden wanted conflict wrote weeks surrender happiness remaining borders health resulting peace favourable poland confirmed pre war territorial status quo agreed pay exchange claims return royal insignia commonwealth possession following campaign commonwealth threatened attack ottoman_empire wars ottomans moved commonwealth army south border command forced turks renew peace treaty resulting treaty countries agreed curb border raids ottomans confirmed commonwealth independent power pay tribute empire southern campaign commonwealth deal threat north armistice ending polish swedish war majority polish nobles preferred solve problem negotiations unwilling pay taxes new war provided sweden open negotiations concessions particular retreat occupied polish coastal territories hoping war yield significant territorial gains managed gather army navy elements near disputed territories sweden weakened involvement thirty years war open peaceful solution decision senate agreed support treaty sides agreed sign armistice september favourable commonwealth regained prussian territories called reduction swedish tolls maritime trade politics months election coronation sounded waters possibility peaceful succession swedish throne following recent death proposal sweden enemies rejected primarily swedish chancellor head regency council owed nominal allegiance member relationship relatively strong carrying negotiations enemies like france refused cardinal proposal alliance war despite potential lure territorial gains realized cause unrest heavily likely lacked authority power push change policy resulting conflict difficult onward years strengthened ties meantime tried leading role european politics negotiate peaceful settlement thirty years war settlement hoped ease way regaining swedish crown following armistice came increasingly realize prospects regaining swedish throne dim years proposed reforms strengthen dynasty power commonwealth plan attempt secure hereditary province country threatened possible power shift following future royal election gain sufficient support attempted create order similar order golden plan scuttled seeing attempt create royal loyalist elite traditionally opposing lead reduction extensive power popular vote opposition resulted failure plan raise taxes trade nobility merchants towns like danzig able muster support including foreign powers stop king reforms fact defeat plans total forced certain gestures nobility passed laws authority hire foreign troops indicating limits royal power commonwealth marriages early reign plans marriage princess princess daughter unpopular catholic nobles catholic_church clear convince elect throne plan quiet support dropped holy roman emperor proposal marriage sister future holy roman emperor arrived warsaw spring june year sent work improving relations king trusted father religious order arrived polish october consent performed negotiations agreed emperor promised pay wives anna additionally son obtain confirmed signed died backed giving son instead awarded secured bohemian estates march family alliance signed polish branch promised sign transfer rights swedish throne case line extinction return promised support efforts regain swedish crown transfer territory case gains war ottomans marriage took place september years similarly unsuccessful regards plans eventually tried bypass opposition secret alliances dealings prove successful plans included schemes supporting raid hoped lead war attempted alliance spain france denmark sweden international scene attempted religious factions christianity tolerant image commonwealth portray neutral organized conference begun january failed reach meaningful conclusions death ties somewhat turn relations france improved eventually married french princess daughter prince plan major war european powers ottoman_empire border empire near constant state low level warfare historians estimate half 17th century ottoman raids wars resulted loss death commonwealth citizens war hoped solve problem unrest militant group living ukraine near ottoman border find worth campaign turn attention fighting commonwealth instead usual failed inspire nobility rarely willing consider war agree plan received support foreign powers rome venice promise funds war started recruiting troops opposition demanding dismiss troops coupled health crippled plan attempted plan support magnate organized military exercises near ottoman border attempted unsuccessfully provoke ottomans attack august young son seven years old fell suddenly ill died death legitimate heir throne major blow king courage attend funeral held death hunting near early suffered case kidney stone condition worsened incorrect medication conscious final days time receive rites died night heart interred legitimate male heirs succeeded half brother character described outgoing friendly sense humor optimistic people person able charm interacted hand short temper angered act considering consequences criticized lived spending royal court treasury afford wealth seen people farther court taking advantage king known maintain life including married period assessment plans wars territorial gains regaining incorporation creation hereditary etc real chances success reasons ended failure year reign grand international political plans failed improve commonwealth foreign policy supporting establishment network permanent diplomatic agents important european countries life successfully defended poland foreign invasions recognized good ensured officer corps significantly large army expanded introduced foreign western infantry early firearms supported expansion artillery attempt create polish resulted creation new port village despite promising beginnings failed secure funds fleet creation ships gone sunk stolen king catholic tolerant support aggressive policies took power senate poland protestant members time death despite support religious tolerance fail resolve conflict stemming split despite support stop growing tide poland abroad shown fate international disagreement involved disagreement group respected counted plans internal politics attempted strengthen power monarchy thwarted valued independence democratic powers suffered continuing difficulties caused efforts parliament check king power limit ambitions fed weak position king commonwealth politics included attempting secure small hereditary territory like position stronger title control sweden whatsoever set foot country continued attempts regain swedish throne similar lack results father willing trade claim away offer negotiations historians stick policy running difficulties looked opportunity able inspire ruled support significant manner plans biography king understanding noting short period reign years weakness royal position forced deal years death diplomatic mission demanded publications victories war collected burned eventually controversy demand met polish historian noted reign event allowed patronage king substantial achievements cultural sphere notable patron arts arts particular theater music spoke languages enjoyed reading historical literature poetry collected paintings created notable gallery paintings warsaw castle assembled important collection italian paintings lost wars death sponsored musicians created palace theater poland reign dozens operas performed credited bringing genre opera poland attention theater contributed spread art form poland interested poetry historical scientific works corresponded notable painters supported attended royal court included peter royal orchestra headed renowned works ordered raising warsaw column dedicated father designed italian born architect sculptor cast interested decorative architecture supported construction palaces warsaw works sponsored dedicated rape ancestry
Władysław IV Vasa