castle castle ukrainian polish russian turkish lithuanian castle later polish fortress located historic city ukraine historic region western country attributed root word slavic word stone historical accounts date castle early 14th century recent archaeological evidence proved human existence area 12th 13th century initially built protect bridge connecting city mainland castle sits peninsula carved winding forming natural defense system historic old town neighborhood location strategic transport castle prime target foreign invaders rebuilt castle suit needs adding architectural diversity specifically complex consists old town fortified king old castle rebuilt founded spite architectural engineering changes original structure castle forms coherent architectural design medieval constructions ukraine relatively preserved old town neighborhood castle listed sanctuary complex candidate nominated ukrainian representatives ukraine today castle recognized landmark city serving important regional national tourist attraction history foundation early history traditionally castle thought founded second half 14th century accurate historical accounts castle date century territories western control grand lithuania written document example mentions rights presented inside castle archaeological excavations 1960s provided contrasting evidence suggesting castle date earlier end 12th beginning 13th centuries clear historical archaeological evidence fortress existed area time east slavic state site current castle castle outdated remained vital defense nearby trade routes result began complex turn 15th century reconstruction old towers renovated new towers added century half later castle updated time military engineer architect built new western eastern towers castle eastern wall underground gallery gates housing town community continuous attacks invaders centuries castle located main polish lithuanian commonwealth annexation russian_empire castle played major role defense oncoming ottoman invasions 15th 17th centuries castle attacked total times invasions ottoman siege caused damage castle city invasions successfully repelled castle played important role led allied local ukrainian polish lithuanian commonwealth army militia uprising castle unsuccessfully besieged local insurgents led commander castle subject siege led unexpected counterattack polish insurgents commanders established polish presence area relieved siege force army led control castle year later castle attacked time strong beginning august ottoman force led combined force led laid siege castle conducting negotiations attackers city leaders surrendered control fortress ottomans august sign protest fortress major blew castle remaining gunpowder killing defenders years attack fortress served base ottoman rule peace treaty saw return polish control area ottoman_empire ceded control area castle prison beginning 18th century castle lost defensive role military prison military fortification numerous people executed held captive prison including officers year old polish throne august lost defensive role strongest fortresses crown second partition poland april castle city transferred sovereignty russian_empire day castle commandant gave key castle swore allegiance empire city cathedral artillery cannons later commandant decision inside castle french invasion russia stationed castle later known poet writer stationed officer castle poet stationed castle time established pro organization progressively minded army officers fortress converted military prison jail criminals political prisoners russian worked castle time writing dictionary russian language castle center anti movement 19th century led patriotic war cavalry veteran regarded national folk hero museum conservation series political changes following revolution political parties organizations allowed law russian_empire total political organizations based castle newspaper spark decree issued ukrainian soviet declared castle complex historical cultural preserve late 1930s plans turn castle museum reconstruction work buildings started museum attractions added scene depicting castle prison cell pope tower kept imprisonment castle visitor numbers castle 1930s reached year castle placed union list historic preserves memorial plaque relief resembling erected near exposition april archaeological works conducted castle supervision architects established september placed reserve tentative list reserve upgraded national preservation district august complex declared ukraine came 3rd place nationwide competition severe storm august partially destroyed city mayor office didn deny tower structural integrity weakened reconstruction paving way collapse years later architecture castle rests limestone formation surrounded canyon consequently foundations built limestone local imported brick stone castle attributed root slavic word stone main parts castle ukrainian new castle ukrainian built different periods old castle defended approach constructed protect direct assaults enemy soldiers formed numerous later castle purpose provide protection enemy field armies designed support newer military long range artillery cannons towers important large fortification complex castle towers added later castle towers located peninsula main castle sits towers located steep slopes towers roman tower stood outside eastern walls half tower located western end castle bridge towers remain unscathed today specifically towers pope tower known julian tower built 15th 16th centuries artillery arsenal powder warehouse treasury mill housed tower extensive southern tower called tower earlier tower originating 14th 16th centuries town nobility 14th 16th centuries commemorated family white tower known tower constructed 15th century housed additional artillery arsenal daily tower called tower large tower second floor artillery intersection guns firing position housed small lutheran chapel smaller observation tower great tower built served tower contained castle printing presses provided artillery platform cover vast fields surrounding damaged severe storm known tower constructed 14th 16th centuries housed prison tower basement towers finished specially designed conical vault draw away gases gunpowder stored known tower castle later constructions dating 15th 18th centuries connected castle field gate located distance away main compound northern contained drew water adjacent secret tunnel existence known local built 15th century tower second tower built 14th 16th centuries commemorated family black tower remains tower exist dating 15th 16th centuries served magazine blown protest earlier history section built fortification walls walls castle divided sections northern southern eastern walls northern terrace metres feet length defend inner courtyard courtyard northwestern walls form ending day towers parallel walls include remnants level fortified gun older walls dates beginning 12th century built located eastern walls entrance castle eastern walls known new castle gate gates northern walls called old castle gate field gate connecting water tower rest castle northern walls reinforced northern length built second partition poland new castle designed located west main castle complex eastern castle courtyard remnants located tomb stood eastern orthodox church buried courtyard southern walls towers cart shed near northern walls tower residence tower stood served water storage tank castle southern walls closer white tower white towers kitchen adjacent southern walls white day towers stood headquarters located western walls quarters housed served castle located outside northern walls castle stables house horses 16th century castle garrison soldiers lived town industrial school investigated castle walls discovered area quick sand sub castle neighborhood city previous year partially undermined castle supporting walls effects quick sand uncovered fortress foundation walls little deep foundation walls built limestone creates canyon river valley excavation work showed walls stretched west new support old castle bridge found ditch south wall wide tall opening assumed water flowed preserved northwestern walls high measured outside castle high courtyard result numerous walls depth changed centuries deep medieval period 14th 15th centuries average reconstruction 16th 17th centuries conservation works recently conducted walls preserve old fragments castle bridge result castle unique location peninsula castle bridge ukrainian serves transport link city old town neighborhood considered represent considerable feat medieval engineering bridge length entrance bridge width end narrows bridge height entrance dropping far beginning 15th century large round gate tower constructed castle end bridge bridge height including tower equivalent modern stories unsuccessful polish siege city castle bridge rebuilt fortified turks acquiring turkish bridge ukrainian locals today bridge stone façade poor repair end 19th century subsequent lack preservation work earthquake damage contributed poor condition included castle bridge world monuments watch legacy castle recognized attraction city castle sees large number tourists ukraine abroad attracting thousands tourists annually legacy left local legends according legend ottoman sultan came capture city allegedly impressed strength fortifications asked built great city replied god capture castle replied let god city local legend turkish gold buried tunnel leads fortress castle events ottoman siege depicted historical novel fire written polish nobel prize castle appeared commemorative coin ancient fortresses river series issued internationally republic
Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle