historic city block city block subdivision northwest corner community area illinois stands place original washington park race track area evolved redevelopment land previously occupied originally exclusively white neighborhood included residential housing amusement parks beer gardens late 1920s 1930s area subject year determined invalid challenged seminal case case vital legal studies considered important broad class histories play sun based struggles neighborhood location non rectangular shape community area original washington park race track actually occupied southern thirds city block city block area northwest corner community area bounded west east east 60th street north east 63rd street south area directly south south east community area community area community area complete logical proper historical significance race track occupied area known city outlawed gambling area redeveloped residential housing subdivision neighboring commercial recreation amusement park flourished great depression neighborhood included beer garden african american population chicago grew time chicago demographics changed instead having population scattered places concentrated large strips land concentration enforced violence restrictive preferred way enforce segregation decades necessary community organizations violence pursue purposes bomb use discouraged majority white neighborhoods bombs residences african americans properties real estate agents african american banking magnate owner chicago bank operated african americans african american lived washington park endured bombings home angry whites lived block northwest northwest boundary subdivision south drive previously rare racially restrictive property owners outlawed purchase lease occupation properties african americans common chicago 1920s following great migration local businessmen university_of_chicago alarmed prospect poorer african americans moving combination racial succession economic decline upheld racially restrictive sent representatives city promote viewed progressive alternative violence board representatives provided model contracts drafted efforts reported prevailed south homes subdivision african american neighborhoods bounded areas chicago legal issues subdivision legal subdivision signed agreed rent non whites language state properties subdivision shall sold given conveyed leased negro permission license use occupy thereof shall given negro house servants employed signed owners land evans rhodes 60th 63rd streets 60th 61st 62nd streets south_park cottage grove avenues september recorded february intended valid force january great depression decreased white demand subdivision properties african americans convinced owners sell properties famous case rented property located 60th white olive wife future defendant famous lee case sued case known circuit court granted injunction favor upheld appeal stipulated property owners signed stipulation later proved false actually signed purchased property located south rhodes promoters sued prevent family living neighborhood led lee case defendants argued stipulation previously owners signed false case admitting fact contended principle barred courts old arguments illinois courts ruled favor decided represent buyer case caught attention national real estate magazines african american newspapers eventually reversed ruling stating application case violate fourteenth amendment play sun inspired time neighborhood father won repeal restrictive result lee led racial succession white tenants evicted way higher paying african american subdivision percent african american case seminal case civil procedure class action legal studies considered important study african american chicago legal history purchase case proceeded subdivided properties rented blacks premium began encouraging white families rent properties african americans smaller property owners pressed sell directly african americans neighborhood undergoing racial transformation conditions neighborhood described section supreme_court ruling similar led racial transformation community areas political determined positions taken issue future term mayor chicago ran progressive anti candidate eventually argued declared restrictive general
Washington Park Subdivision