class battleship class battleship class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy end 19th century design based french built modified use russian equipment ships finished start russo japanese war ships ordered sail baltic_sea far_east relieve besieged japanese port arthur ships sunk captured imperial_japanese_navy battle fifth final ship completed time participate war served world war spent war defending badly damaged german dreadnoughts damage forced ship crew taken water pass shallow channel connected baltic wreck scrapped 1930s design description desired warm water port pacific accession throne achieved ambition march russia signed year lease port arthur china japan previously forced china sign port surrounding territory treaty concluded sino japanese war triple intervention france russia germany forced return port exchange increase paid chinese japan invested money expanding fleet russia began major building programme needs far east defend newly acquired port included class battleships numerous class battleships built russia intended near soon contracts signed clear different french built ship basic problem facing navy heavier engines larger turrets require designer build ship speed draft guns armor greater displacement new design completed new design july august month original contract signed new concept roughly long tons tons heavier slightly larger wider biggest change appearance original design added casemates containing millimeter guns bow aft added existing dozen guns sides armor belt caused rest hull deleted guns flat sided armor place class battleships hulls fore aft guns sides bulkhead engine boiler rooms caused danger flooded narrow belt armor submerged naval historian regarded worst battleships built ships feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inch draft feet inches inches designed normal displacement ranged long tons long tons designed displacement long tons designed crew officers enlisted men carried crewmen class ships powered cylinder triple expansion steam engines driving propeller shaft steam generated belleville boilers engines designed reach speed knots mph lead ship fitted copy machinery installed built remaining supplied machinery designed built engines rated indicated horsepower boilers working pressure kpa cm2 machinery sisters rated ihp boilers working pressure kpa cm2 differences equipped boilers bladed screws sisters lacked bladed propellers ships prepared far_east shortly completion conducted abbreviated sea trials reached designed speed trails despite engines producing ihp engines sisters produced power slower trials deep load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph ships fitted steam driven generators total capacity kilowatts armament fire control main armament class consisted pairs caliber inch guns mounted french style electrically powered twin gun turrets fore aft turrets maximum elevation rounds gun carried guns fired shell seconds fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards maximum elevation secondary armament ships consisted dozen caliber model inch guns mounted electrically powered twin gun turrets upper deck turrets maximum elevation arc fire center turrets cover inch gun provided rounds rate fire rounds minute fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range approximately yards number smaller guns carried defense torpedo boats included calibre millimetre guns mounted hull ships carried shells gun fired pound shell muzzle velocity maximum range yards elevation class ships mounted sixteen eighteen millimetre hotchkiss guns superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute ships carried millimetre torpedo tubes mounted water bow stern broadside underwater tubes located near forward inch magazine torpedoes carried water tubes submerged tubes carried mines laid protect anchorage remote areas class originally fitted angle vertical points enemy ship usually waterline crow nest estimate range gunnery officer consulted references range calculated proper elevation required hit target transmitted commands electro mechanical fire control transmission system gun turret fitting replaced ships coincidence images superimposed derive range sights installed guns crews trained use waterline armor belt consisted krupp armor inches thick armor gun turrets maximum thickness deck ranged inches thickness inch armored lower deck curved downwards formed anti torpedo bulkhead ships service october flagship vice admiral commander class battleships set sail port arthur vessels squadron received numerous reports japanese agents torpedo boats disguised fishing vessels sailing ordered maximum denmark october early evening following day squadron near auxiliary repair ship reported attack torpedo boats rain hours later squadron encountered british fishing working fog opened fire short range sunk damaged fishermen killed wounded battleships fired damaged cruisers aurora confusion incident enraged british population caused diplomatic incident british nearly led war russia apologized agreed pay october led ships atlantic coast africa rounding reached island north west coast madagascar january remained months finalized arrangements time learned capture port arthur changed destination port controlled russians far_east squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed exact figures available probable ships approximately long tons overweight coal supplies stored high ships reduced stability extra weight submerged waterline armor belt left feet inches upper armor belt waterline battle grouped division retained personal command division ship division fired shots ship captain ordered open fire japanese cruiser russian formation range meters given pre battle instructions fleet covering situation ordered cease fire rounds fired effect lead ship russian battle line opened fire japanese battleship flagship admiral japanese ships began return fire minutes later high explosive shells quickly set fire captain wounded splinters entered ship conning tower hit jammed steering gear point turn starboard ordered caused ship nearly circle steered engines time aft inch gun turret destroyed explosion blew roof quarterdeck forward funnel fallen mainmast shot away ships division briefly followed clear ship control turned north effort ships regained position battle line primary target japanese time captain iii decided duplicate maneuver battle yellow sea charging straight japanese attempt focus attention ship successful badly damaged process assumed lead position turned fleet south temporarily managed mist fog badly damaged repeated attacks separated main body initially danger sinking russian destroyer came alongside evacuated wounded officers torpedoes fired number torpedo boats ultimately caused magazine explode capsized officers taken survivors crew aboard shooting battle lines resumed japanese concentrated fire iii line port capsized sink survivors lasted little longer concentrated japanese fire inch hits battleship started massive fire ship inch gun turrets knocked minutes later ordered ships cease fire battleship fired loaded inch guns turning away hit beneath starboard forward inch turret ignited ready use ammunition turret fire spread caused catastrophic magazines blew open hull quickly capsized sank crew rescued took lead sunk joined ordered japanese battleships gathering darkness assumed command remains fleet continued ships discovered japanese early following morning attacked battleships faster japanese ships stayed range ships effectively reply decided surrender ships return fire close range careers japanese substantially rebuilt recommissioned june reduce weight cut superstructure guns addition boilers replaced unknown number japanese built boilers rearmed japanese guns changes reduced displacement approximately long tons crew totaled officers crewmen world war ship participated siege august november served flagship japan intervened russian civil war training ship disarmed accordance terms sources differ ultimate fate sunk target aircraft near july scrapped serving baltic_sea world war largest ship fought german high seas fleet battle gulf august lightly damaged hits battle repeatedly bombarded german positions troops rest badly damaged german dreadnought sms significantly increasing draft shallow channel impossible escape scuttled island mainland scrapped
Borodino-class battleship