list list american epic historical period drama film directed produced steven_spielberg scripted based novel australian novelist film based life ethnic german businessman saved lives thousand polish jewish refugees holocaust employing factories stars officer jewish ideas film jews proposed early life mission tell story interested story executive sent book review universal_studios bought rights novel unsure ready film holocaust tried pass project directors finally deciding direct film principal photography took place poland course days shot film black white approached documentary wanted film sense composed score performs film main theme list premiered november washington released december united_states listed greatest films box office success earning million worldwide million budget recipient seven academy_awards nominations including best director numerous awards including seven golden american_film_institute ranked film 8th list best american films time library congress selected preservation plot world war germans forced local polish jews ethnic german arrives city hoping fortune member bribes german armed forces officials factory produce help run business aid local jewish official contacts black jewish business community stern helps arrange financing factory maintains friendly relations nazis enjoys wealth status stern handles administration hires jewish workers cost stern ensures people possible deemed essential german war effort saves transported concentration camps killed second lieutenant arrives oversee construction concentration camp camp completed orders people shot killed process witnesses massacre profoundly affected particularly notices tiny girl red coat color black white film hides nazis later sees body identifiable red coat wagon load corpses careful maintain friendship lavish gifts continues enjoy support brutally maid randomly shoots people balcony villa prisoners constant fear lives time passes focus shifts making money trying save lives possible better protect workers bribes allowing build sub camp germans begin lose war ordered ship remaining jews concentration camp asks allow workers new munitions factory plans build home town agrees charges huge bribe stern create list list people transferred saved transport train carrying women children accidentally bribes commandant bag diamonds win release new factory guards enter production rooms encourages jews observe jewish spends fortune nazi officials buying shell companies factory produce usable armaments seven months operation runs money germany ending war europe member war flee advancing avoid capture guards factory ordered kill jews persuades return families men instead murderers bids farewell workers prepares head west hoping surrender americans workers signed statement role saving jewish lives ring engraved quotation saves life saves world entire touched deeply ashamed feels jews wake morning soviet soldier announces liberated jews leave factory walk nearby town following scenes depicting execution war summary later life black white frame changes color shot actual grave jerusalem accompanied actors portrayed place stones grave final scene places pair roses grave cast investor girl red production development life mission tell story attempted produce biopic mgm writing deal fell published historical novel wrote chance meeting los_angeles president sent director steven_spielberg new_york_times review book story jokingly asked true drawn nature character said drive man like suddenly earned service saving lives expressed interest buy rights novel meeting spring told start filming years end credits film credited consultant unsure mature film holocaust project remained guilty conscience tried pass project director turned mother killed lived survived eventually directed holocaust drama pianist offered film attached direct list unsure letting direct film given away chance children family holocaust offered chance direct remake instead expressed interest directing film memorial family died holocaust finally decided project noticed holocaust given consideration media rise neo fall berlin wall worried people accepting 1930s film condition later said knew directed wouldn able picture assigned small budget million holocaust films usually profitable salary film calling blood money believed film flop hired adapt book turned page script adaptation focused numerous relationships admitted story hired adapted screenplay africa write draft gave years later found change heart unbelievable time director hired write script handed project found page draft short asked extend pages wanted focus jews story wanted transition gradual ambiguous sudden breakthrough extended sequence felt strongly sequence casting auditioned early cast december saw perform broadway participated script reading concerned disguise accent bring movie star baggage expressed interest portraying preferred cast relatively unknown actor star quality character felt enjoyed nazis regarded bit don seriously effect help prepare role showed film clips ceo charisma compared located tape speaking studied learn correct pitch cast viewed performances dangerous man lawrence emily said audition saw sexual evil subtlety moments kindness eyes instantly run cold pounds play role watched historic talked holocaust survivors knew portraying said got close pain inside fractured miserable human feel split sorry like dirty battered doll given came feel attached doctors describe character film classic looked like costume survivor events met fear character played composite stern factory manager personal secretary character serves alter ego conscience best known academy_award winning performance biographical film overall speaking parts film thousands extras hired filming cast israeli polish actors specially chosen eastern european appearance german actors reluctant don uniform later thanked experience performing movie halfway shoot conceived epilogue survivors pay respects grave jerusalem producers find fly film scene filming principal photography began march poland planned schedule days crew shot near actual locations camp reconstructed nearby abandoned quarry modern high rise apartments visible site original camp interior shots factory filmed similar facility exterior shots scenes factory stairs filmed actual factory crew forbidden extensive shooting construct sets grounds shot replica constructed outside entrance incidents woman encountered nazi uniform told germans charming people didn kill anybody didn deserve symbols billboards near shooting locations nearly entered brawl elderly german speaking businessman insulted israeli actor nonetheless stated german actors showed opened israeli actors moved right began explaining family actors sat race culture left shooting list deeply emotional subject matter forcing confront elements childhood faced surprised cry visiting instead found filled outrage crew members force watch shooting scene aging jews forced run naked selected nazi doctors commented felt like reporter film maker set scenes watch events witnessing creating movie actresses broke filming shower scene including born concentration camp wife children rented house suburban duration filming later thanked wife rescuing ninety days row things got called cheer given profound lack humor set spent hours evening editing scheduled premiere june occasionally german polish language scenes recreate feeling present past initially considered making film entirely languages decided safety reading excuse eyes screen watch cinematography influenced documentary film decided plan film shoot like documentary percent film shot handheld cameras modest budget meant film shot quickly seventy days felt gave film edge serves subject filmed elevated shots lenses considered safety net matured felt past paying tribute directors decision shoot film mainly black white contributed documentary style cinematography cinematographer compared german italian said wanted impression film audience sense decided use black white match feel actual documentary footage era universal chairman asked shoot film color negative allow color vhs copies film later sold want accidentally events music frequently composed score list composer amazed film felt challenging said need better composer film responded know dead performs theme violin list said couldn believe authentic got sound said john come said practice roof came naturally way sounds interviewer approached play list second thought agree sure want play movie music occurred particular case subject movie important felt contribute simply knowing history feeling history indirectly actually victim history scene nazis folk song cooking sung children choir song sung grandmother grandchildren solos heard film recorded williams won academy award best original score list fifth win selections score released soundtrack album themes symbolism film explores theme good versus evil main protagonist good german popular characterization american cinema characterized completely dark evil person gradually nazi supporter hero second theme redemption introduced edges father figure responsible saving lives thousand people girl red film shot primarily black white red coat distinguish little girl scene depicting later film sees dead body recognizable red coat wearing said scene intended members highest levels government united_states knew holocaust occurring stop obvious little girl wearing red coat walking street bomb german rail lines slow said message letting scene color andy ign notes point sees girl dead body point changes longer seeing ash burning corpses car annoyance professor wonders red innocence hope red blood jewish people sacrificed horror holocaust girl portrayed years old time filming asked watch film eighteen watched horrified seeing film adult proud role played character similar known red coat unlike fictional counterpart survived holocaust film released wrote published story girl red coat memoir translation according interview family members girl red inspired resident candles opening scene features family observing said start film candles lit rich start film normal service jews begins color fades film opening moments gives way world smoke comes symbolize bodies burnt end allows workers hold services images fire regain warmth represent color hope director jewish studies sees candles symbol jews europe killed burned scenes nazi era marking beginning end points normally woman house lights candles film men perform rituals demonstrating role women position jewish men relation men especially symbolism black white presentation film came represent holocaust holocaust life light symbol life color film holocaust black white notes film entirety seen metaphor holocaust early sporadic violence increasing death destruction notes parallel situation jews film debate nazi_germany making use jews slave labor outright water seen giving professor jewish theological seminary america new_york notes presence scene arranges holocaust train loaded victims awaiting transport scene women given actual shower instead receiving expected release film opened december time closed theaters september grossed million million dollars united_states million worldwide germany shown theaters film viewed people week eventually seen million people film popular germany success worldwide list network television premiere nbc february shown commercials ranked week rating share highest nielsen rating film nbc broadcast film aired public television israel holocaust memorial day dvd released march editions double sided disc feature film beginning continuing special features include documentary introduced released formats limited edition gift set included version film novel film soundtrack photo booklet titled list images film housed case laserdisc gift set limited edition included soundtrack original novel exclusive photo booklet 20th anniversary movie released blu ray disc march following success film founded nonprofit organization goal providing archive filmed testimony survivors holocaust possible save stories continues finance work proceeds film finance related documentaries including lost children berlin days reception critical response list received acclaim film critics audiences rotten_tomatoes film received approval rating based reviews site consensus reads list blends horror holocaust steven_spielberg signature tender create director dramatic masterpiece americans talk host president bill_clinton urged world leaders countries saw film met personally new_yorker called best historical drama holocaust movie place cultural history remain roger_ebert chicago_sun-times described best brilliantly acted written directed seen named favorite films new_yorker admired film narrative visual emotional noted performances special praise calls scene shower terrifying sequence filmed movie guide awarded film star rating calling adaptation best seller saying looks feels like hollywood described intense personal film date boston herald noted film restraint lack called major addition body work holocaust review british critic said story overly altogether shows firm moral emotional grasp material film outstanding achievement notes film critics admire visual brilliance minute segment depicting describes sequence realistic stunning points film increase holocaust remembrance awareness remaining survivors pass away living links film release germany led widespread discussion germans help criticism film appeared popular press points jewish activity seen consists financial transactions lending money trading black market hiding wealth stereotypical view jewish life notes depiction women film accurately reflects nazi ideology low status women link violence sexuality explored history professor notes physically large strongly drawn characters jewish victims depicted small frightened mere backdrop struggle good versus evil points film absolute good versus absolute evil fact vast majority holocaust perpetrators ordinary people movie explore average german knowledge participation holocaust author commented movie gives impression people smart lucky survive holocaust actually case responded criticism breakdown says farewell character pointing scene needed drive home sense loss allow viewer opportunity alongside characters screen assessment filmmakers list received peers filmmaker wrote saying couldn gotten better man movie absolutely perfection turned chance direct film later commented certainly wouldn good job couldn objective cited list influence film death maiden success list led filmmaker abandon holocaust project jewish boy aunt survive war poland pretending catholic suggested list good representation holocaust commented think holocaust success wasn holocaust million people killed list don filmmaker accused film profit tragedy wife lived poverty argentina disputed claims paid contributions recently sent check confirmed office payment sent filmmaker criticized sequence women accidentally sent showers scene film don know gas water coming showers camp like naive audience like united_states appropriate use form meant dumb film criticized filmmaker lecturer director hour holocaust film called list melodrama historical truth fiction deeply convinced ban depiction holocaust said criticized viewing holocaust eyes german saying world reverse complained thought time time certain things longer reaction jewish community village_voice film historian described mother survivor concentration camps felt gratitude holocaust story finally told major film widely viewed hungarian jewish author holocaust survivor feels impossible life nazi concentration camp accurately portrayed experience hand commending bringing story wide audience found film final scene graveyard neglected terrible effects experience survivors implied came emotionally unscathed found film appealing uplifting demonstration noted like holocaust survivors reacted feeling solidarity sort normally reserved survivors childhood teacher described movie gift mother people sense human accolades list featured number best lists including time magazine selected critics time magazine greatest films centenary poll conducted movies century vatican named list important films channel_4 poll named list ninth greatest film time ranked fourth war films poll film named best critics roger_ebert deeming film culturally significant library congress selected preservation won directors guild america award outstanding directing feature film work shared producers won film won best supporting actor awards won best film best supporting actor awarded film best film tied piano film won numerous awards nominations worldwide controversies american television showing film broadcast virtually telecast receive rating parental guidelines established earlier year senator oklahoma congressman said airing film nbc brought television time low frontal nudity violence profanity adding insult decent minded individuals fire republicans democrats apologized saying intentions good obviously error judgment gone saying wanted clarified opinion stating film ought aired later night large numbers children watching parental supervision controversy arose germany film television premiere heavy protests ensued station intended commercial breaks compromise broadcast included break consisting short news update commercials philippines chief censor ordered cuts scenes depicting sexual intercourse female nudity movie shown theaters refused pulled film screening philippine cinemas prompted senate demand abolition censorship board president intervened ruling movie shown uncut age according filmmaker scene group women confuse actual shower gas chamber taken directly shot shot film night caught wanted sue unable fund case song jerusalem gold featured film soundtrack plays near end film caused controversy israel song written widely considered informal anthem israeli victory day war israeli prints film song replaced walk world war resistance fighter impact increased interest created film city bought create permanent exhibition german occupation city museum opened june
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