individuals seventh penultimate 12th dynasty egypt late middle kingdom period ruling years late 19th century early 18th century son grandson step son predecessor powerful iii reign started year seemingly peaceful undertook expeditions land punt maintained trade relations egyptian presence built parts temple constructed preserved temple tomb identified pyramid possibility succeeded possibly sister step sister short reign marked end 12th dynasty beginning decline second intermediate period family son woman named known inscription wall temple given title king mother king wife king daughter king sister consequently relation unknown non royal relation similarly uncertain son grandson similarly states married half sister claim supported archaeological evidence particular known borne title king wife instead proposes adopted step brother explaining tradition died male heir explain succeeded proposed rulers 13th dynasty sons evidence currently hypothesis reign came power junior predecessor reign marks apex period attested numerous monuments artefacts names kings parallel length uncertain lasted seven years scholars believe years long canon king list early period records column row credits reign years months days recorded entry king list entry tablet date spite canon duration reign uncertain given years case rule peaceful uneventful attested contemporary artefacts including number cylinder seals expeditions foreign relations expeditions mines dated reign inscriptions latest took place ninth year throne expedition inscription dates reign years later year sent expedition south egypt leader expedition assistant treasurer farther south records known explicitly dated years throne showing egyptian presence region maintained lifetime important trade relations existed reign city coast modern day lebanon gold chest lid bearing found gold plaque showing offering god originate recently continuing excavations red_sea coast produced wooden inscribed text mentioning expedition year direction royal fragments depicting dating year found red_sea building activities completed temple started intact temple existing according secretary general egypt foundations temple administrative buildings residences uncovered egyptian archaeological expedition early possibly built temple northeastern responsible completion shrine temple undertaken works pedestal sacred barque inscribed names found legacy years death 12th dynasty came end replaced weaker 13th dynasty rulers dynasty sons political instability quickly prevalent kings rarely ruled couple years influx immigrants started reigns predecessor accelerated reign completely 13th dynasty population delta founded independent kingdom ruled kings descent forming 14th dynasty reigning years reign administration egyptian state completely collapsed marking start second intermediate period tomb tomb identified nonetheless associated ruined pyramid inscriptions found pyramid identity owner architectural similarity second pyramid led date pyramid late 12th early 13th dynasty likely interred pyramid found inscription temple pyramid remains pyramid dating discovered building works pyramid excavated fragment inscribed royal unearthed possible pyramid belongs kings 13th dynasty bore built pyramid alternatively relief fragment originate come nearby pyramid
Amenemhat IV