gone wind film gone wind american epic historical romance film adapted novel gone wind produced directed set backdrop american_civil_war reconstruction era film tells story strong daughter georgia plantation owner romantic pursuit married cousin marriage leading roles portrayed production film difficult start filming delayed years determination secure role search led women interviewed original screenplay written underwent revisions writers attempt suitable length original director fired shortly filming begun replaced turn briefly replaced took time exhaustion film received positive reviews release december reviewers found dramatically lacking casting widely praised reviewers found especially suited role 12th academy awards received academy_awards competitive honorary thirteen nominations including wins best director posthumously awarded african american win academy award set records total number wins nominations time film immensely popular highest earning film point retained record quarter century adjusted monetary inflation successful film box office history film criticized historical slavery credited triggering changes way african americans depicted film released periodically 20th century popular culture film regarded greatest films time placed american_film_institute list american films list inception united_states library congress selected preservation plot eve american civil war lives family cotton plantation georgia parents sisters learns secretly loves married cousin engagement announced day home nearby plantation oaks oaks party secretly declares feelings responding compatible discovers guest conversation promises secret disrupted declaration war men rush enlist watches kiss goodbye younger brother charles proposes love married leaves fight widowed charles dies bout pneumonia serving mother sends hamilton home atlanta cheer outspoken tells knows going wait return attend party mourning attends charity atlanta runs blockade runner confederacy celebrating confederate victory raise money confederate war effort gentlemen invited bid ladies dance makes large bid disapproval guests agrees dance tide war turns confederacy battle men town killed makes unsuccessful appeal visiting christmas share private passionate kiss christmas day returns war months later city besieged union_army atlanta campaign young house servant deliver baby medical assistance goes premature labor calls home baby collects horse wagon city chooses fight leaving group way return home finds deserted father sisters servants pork learns mother died fever father incompetent union troops fields vows survival family servants work cotton fields father killed thrown horse attempt chase away land defeat confederacy returns finds little help begs run away confesses desire kisses says leave unable pay taxes implemented younger sister fiancé middle aged wealthy mill owner marrying saying got tired waiting married frank night raid town attacked driving resulting frank death frank funeral barely proposes accepts daughter names perceived ruin figure lets know wants children longer share bed day frank mill seen embracing sister india intense dislike spreads rumors later evening having heard rumors forces attend birthday party incapable believing bad beloved sister law stands know believes gossip false returning home party finds drunk argue kisses stating intent sex night carries struggling bedroom day apologizes behavior offers divorce rejects saying disgrace returns extended trip london informs pregnant argument results falling flight stairs suffering recovering tragedy strikes dies attempting jump fence pony visit suffered complications arising new pregnancy deathbed consoles returns realizing truly loved find preparing leave good pleads telling realizes loved loved says death went chance reconciliation begs stay walks door early morning fog leaving staircase day win love cast despite receiving billing opening credits howard receive second fourth billing respectively relatively low placing cast list unusual structure ordered conventional billing cast broken sections plantation oaks atlanta cast names ordered according social rank characters plays leads cast list head family wife receives second credit eldest daughter credit despite having screen time similarly credited plays son plays visitor oaks receives relatively low credit cast list despite presented star film promotional literature following death played april surviving credited cast members film olivia played played son production publication novel hollywood executives studios declined create film based including metro mayer mgm liked story biggest star 20th century fox offer money changed mind story editor business partner urged buy film rights july month published bought rights casting casting lead roles complex year endeavor role wanted start contract mgm loaned studios considered cooper contract refused loan warner offered package lead roles return distribution rights time determined eventually struck deal mgm father law mgm chief offered august provide half film budget high price pay weekly salary half profits mgm inc mgm parent company release film arrangement release mgm meant delaying start production end distribution deal concluded delay continue revise script importantly build publicity film searching role began nationwide casting interviewed effort cost useless film created publicity early included regarded possibilities prior purchase film rights signed mgm considered potential pairing deal struck mgm held discussions mgm female star time withdrew consideration lobbied hard role support friend hired direct vetoed felt right famous soon famous actresses considered thirty women actually screen tested including real refused publicly choice actress came closest winning approval mitchell felt right type actress play written book mid time considered old actresses including consideration december finalists tested december won role controversy marriage caused change mind quietly considering young english actress little known america role february saw oxford american agent london representative talent agency headed brother owners requested february submitted consideration summer negotiating contract services later year brother arranged meet time night december burning atlanta filmed letter wife days later admitted dark horse series screen tests casting announced january shooting film informed newspaper columnist parents french irish miss parents french irish screenplay original screenplay writer film historian writes reducing gone wind epic dimensions task howard submission far long required hours film producer wanted howard remain set revisions howard refused leave new_england result revisions handled host local writers dismissed director weeks filming sought directing wizard time dissatisfied script brought famed writer rewrite entire screenplay days returned howard original draft end week succeeded entire half script undertook second half fell schedule howard returned work script week reworking key scenes time film release question receive screen credit writes despite number writers changes final script remarkably close howard version fact howard appears credits gesture memory writing died age farm tractor accident movie premiere memo written october discussed film writing credits frankly comparatively small material picture book personally original lines dialog couple doubt original words oliver script construction eighty cent rest divided having contributed construction sequence according biographer dawn sunday february director shook awake inform loan mgm come immediately work gone wind begun shooting weeks costing day film hold waiting final screenplay rewrite time essence middle working film circus brothers recalling episode letter screenwriter friend said hadn read novel director wait read act scenes based original script needed rewritten hurry wrote scene performed discussed sat wrote eager continue acting kept worked fashion seven days putting eighteen hours day refused let eat lunch arguing food slow provided seventh day completed unscathed civil war epic writes impossible determine exactly scripted official credits filed screen writers guild course awarded sole screen credit writers contributing treatment screenplay construction dialogue filming principal photography began january ended july post production work continuing november director long working relationship spent years pre production gone wind replaced weeks shooting disagreed pace filming script explanations departure discomfort working biographer claimed worked hollywood gay circuit knew past influence discharged olivia learned firing day atlanta scene filmed pair went office costume change mind directing wizard called mgm complete picture continued privately coach mgm director worked weeks temporarily left production exhaustion scenes later estimated solid work remained picture end principal photography undertaken eighteen days filming ninety wood began production march month shooting footage associates regarded dark replaced working cinematographer ray completed film prior having baby receive credit filming location scenes photographed california neighboring fictional southern plantation house existed facade built studio lot burning atlanta new false built old abandoned sets operated controls explosives burned sources time estimated production costs million making second expensive film point having cost legend fined word damn butler exit line fact board passed amendment production code november forbade use words hell damn use shall essential required portrayal proper historical context scene dialogue based historical fact folklore quotation literary work provided use shall permitted good taste amendment objection closing line music compose score chose worked early 1930s contracted agreed lend spent weeks working score longest period spent writing hours thirty minutes long longest written hired including score characterized love themes sweet love evokes passion notably love theme drew considerably folk patriotic music included tunes day beautiful old folks home formed basis theme tunes feature prominently marching georgia blue flag theme associated film today melody accompanies plantation early 1940s theme formed musical basis song true love david ninety separate pieces music featured score pressure completing time received assistance composing addition short cues taken scores mgm library release preview premiere initial release september wife investor whitney film editor drove riverside california preview film rough cut stage missing completed titles lacking special optical effects ran hours minutes later cut hours proper release double bill playing feature announced theater screening preview audience informed leave film begun phone calls allowed theater sealed title appeared screen audience finished received standing ovation biography wrote audience response film started greatest moment life greatest victory redemption describing preview cards probably amazing picture asked press early september felt film said noon think divine midnight think think greatest picture great picture satisfied people came atlanta film premiere december climax days festivities hosted mayor included parade featuring stars film thousands confederate flags costume ball governor georgia declared december state holiday estimated thousand residents visitors atlanta lined streets seven miles watch procession bring stars airport chose attend howard returned england outbreak world war fallen declined attend absent black cast members prevented attending premiere georgia laws kept sitting white colleagues learning barred premiere threatened boycott event convinced attend president later recall biggest event happen south lifetime new_york los_angeles followed attended actresses considered december july film played advance ticket road engagements limited number theaters prices upwards double price regular run feature mgm collecting unprecedented percent box office receipts opposed typical percent period reaching mgm revised terms percent cut prices finally entered general release popular prices distribution advertising costs total expenditure film high million later releases company tax reasons sold share gone wind business partner turn whitney sold mgm million studio owned film outright mgm immediately released film spring reissue time film shown original academy ratio aspect ratio number shots framed cut strip camera forever altering shots film release commemorated centennial anniversary start civil war included gala premiere attended stars film including olivia died previous year release blown issued updated poster artwork featuring white shirt ripped open holding backdrop orange flames releases anniversary reissue given complete audio video restoration released theatrically time united_states digital restoration released united_kingdom coincide centenary special screenings scheduled day period theaters united_states coincide film 75th anniversary television home video film received world television premiere hbo cable network june played channel total fourteen times rest month network television debut november later year nbc paid million airing broadcast parts successive evenings time highest rated television program presented single network watched percent households sampled america percent television viewers record highest rated film air television cbs signed deal worth million broadcast film times years acquired mgm film library deal include television rights gone wind held cbs deal struck rights returned cbs broadcast rights wizard extended launch cable channels owned debuted march placed second sales charts released dvd blu ray disc formats reception critical response gone wind received release consumer magazines newspapers generally giving excellent reviews production values technical achievements scale ambition universally recognized notable reviewers time found film dramatically lacking new_york_times best summed general sentiment acknowledging ambitious film production point probably greatest film found interesting story beautifully told nation opinion result film major event history industry minor achievement motion picture art moments categories meet good terms long stretches filled mere spectacular efficiency film praised fidelity novel aspect singled main factor contributing running time critics felt overall dramatic impact wrote variety left entertainment film benefited scenes dialog story trimmed felt film story lacked epic quality justify time found second half focuses irrelevant marriages domestic sole reason inclusion simply wrote way guardian believed story cut short point marked interval personal drama cinematic treatment central theme collapse devastation gone wind great film likewise found second half film weaker half identifying civil war driving force characters dominate second concluded main fault picture lay commenting characters despite excellent scenes considered drama psychological development neglected praise reserved casting particular singled performance described pivot picture believed perfectly designed art nature actress role similarly found perfect appearance movements felt acting best allowed split personality portrays thought particularly effective moments characterization like morning marital rape scene found suited role physically felt best scenes displays courage determination escape atlanta kills yankee won category performance new york film critics circle awards performance felt characterization close miss mitchell conception audience imagined view concurred felt didn convince closing scenes walks disgust principal cast members found convincing weak identifying standout especially taken performance describing tender gem characterization performance singled praise critics believed gave best performance film placing performances academy_awards 12th academy awards gone wind set record academy_award wins nominations winning competitive categories nominated total thirteen nominations won best picture best actress best supporting actress best director best editing received honorary awards use equipment color color film win best picture record competitive wins stood won overall record broken won gone wind held record nominations eve secured fourteen longest american sound film point hold record longest best picture winner depending interpreted running time gone wind minutes runs minutes including exit music gone wind lasts minutes sources length minutes comes slightly shorter minutes additional components african american win academy_award beating star nominated category racially segregated stars awards ceremony grove escort sit separate table room screenwriter posthumous oscar winner personally received career achievements african american reaction black commentators criticised film depiction black people slavery black complained open letter birth nation frontal attack american history negro people gone wind rear attack went dismiss nostalgic plea sympathy living cause southern reaction moss criticized stereotypical black dull pork thoroughly irresponsible acceptance slavery constant wish following oscar win leader accused responded seven dollars week playing maid seven dollars questioned white qualification speak behalf blacks light skinned eighth black opinion black community generally divided release film called weapon terror black america insult black audiences demonstrations held cities sections black community recognized achievements representative progression african americans crossed picket lines praised warm witty characterization hoped industry recognition work lead increased visibility screen black actors editorial winning academy_award opportunity film reminder limit black old later recall went act felt like crawling audience response release gone wind broke attendance records new_york averaging thousand day late december years release sold estimated million tickets united_states sales equivalent half population time repeated success overseas sensational hit blitz london opening april playing years time mgm withdrew circulation end worldwide distribution returned gross rental studio share box office gross million making profitable film point earned investors roughly twice previous record holder box office performances films likely closer bulk earnings gone wind came run engagements represented percent percent box office gross respectively entering general release time typically saw distributor share set percent gross case birth nation distributor sold distribution territories states rights basis typically amounted percent box office gross accounts indicative profits film local distributors secretary estimated birth nation seen million people released earned impressive million rental united_states canada releases year successful releases enabled retain position industry despite strong challenges recent films finally overtaken reissue unusual mgm opted decision turned successful release history industry generated box office gross million making mgm lucrative picture doctor half decade mgm earned rental million release canadian share amounting million placing second graduate year including million rental reissue fourth highest decade north american market graduate doctor making distributors release allowed briefly recapture record bringing total worldwide gross rental million end earnings initial release losing record following year godfather releases estimated gone wind sold million tickets united_states canada million tickets united_kingdom generating theater territories film total gone wind grossed million globally box office estimated gross equivalent approximately billion adjusted inflation current prices arrived figure billion making successful film cinema history film remains immensely popular audiences 21st century having voted popular film nationwide polls americans undertaken market research firm surveyed thousand adults results weighted age sex race ethnicity education region household income proportions matched composition adult population critical evaluation film 1970s noted hollywood films generally age revealing unexpected depth integrity case gone wind time treated measure film quality ask remember film falls regard unforgettable imagery dialogue simply present likewise found film largely forgettable experience claiming remember scenes badly written turn describing dialogue possessing picture sensibility believes film fails popular art limited value sentiment stating having watched twice hopes twice twice lifetime needs identify film main failing possessing producer sensibility artistic having gone directors writers film carry sense created directed having emerged steaming crowded kitchen main creative force producer obsession making film literally faithful novel possible despite artistic film hold mandate world single beloved entertainment produced observes aside film undoubtedly best piece popular entertainment come hollywood assembly lines product taste intelligence notes half film sweep epic theme finding agreement film contemporary criticisms personal lives second half ends losing theme finds interesting parallels godfather replaced gone wind highest time produced ultra american best selling novels live codes honor essence offer cultural critical perception film shifted intervening years resulted ranked sight sound prestigious critics poll international film critics polled bbc voted best american film industry recognition film featured high profile industry polls voted popular film american_film_institute afi poll organization membership afi ranked film fourth greatest movies list slipping sixth place tenth anniversary edition film directors ranked edition poll selected ninth best directorial achievement directors guild america members poll placed fifteenth extensive poll undertaken hollywood reporter studio agency publicity firm production house hollywood region gone wind selected preservation national film registry analysis racial criticism gone wind criticized having civil war myths black stereotypes writes white women elegant noble background black slaves content clearly incapable independent existence likened gone wind birth nation south era segregation white portrayed defending traditional values issue slavery largely ignored film described promotes myth black honourable defensive role reconstruction social propaganda film offering white view past held number gone wind exhibits exhibit titled disputed territories gone wind southern myths questions explored exhibit true life slaves section showed slave experiences diverse concluded happy myth belief slaves experienced violence brutality despite factual depiction reconstruction period reflects contemporary interpretations common early 20th century viewpoint argued academics reflected brief scene government official heard offering bribes slaves votes clear ignorant politics unprepared freedom tools corrupt reconstruction officials myths film makes concessions regards attack town group men including husband frank raid town novel belong representing common protecting white woman virtue filmmakers consciously presence film referring political meeting argued film respects racial stereotypes particular film created greater engagement hollywood black audiences dozens movies making small gestures recognition emerging trend weeks initial run story editor warner wrote memo script contained worst plantation films suggesting gone wind film film birth nation variety social forces alliance white liberals blacks encouraged expectation blacks day achieve equality according film eventually template measuring social change depiction marital rape notorious widely condemned scenes gone wind depicts legally defined marital rape scene begins staircase begins kiss refusing told struggling frightened resistance carries stairs bedroom audience left doubt coming scene following morning shows glowing barely suppressed sexual satisfaction apologizes behavior blaming drinking scene accused combining romance rape making indistinguishable reinforcing notion forced sex women secretly enjoy acceptable way man treat wife argued women scene large consistent women mind raped fantasies revolve love romance forced sex assume unwilling sexual partner wanted initiative insist having sexual intercourse legacy popular culture gone wind production explicitly referenced analyzed numerous occasions range media contemporaneous works second film search current television shows simpsons war television casting play day write script went wind sketch carol parodied film aftermath television debut noteworthy examples enduring presence popular culture subject documentary making legend gone wind detailing film difficult production history issued stamp depicting embracing scene film sequel following publication novel inundated requests sequel claimed notion happened left ultimate fate mitchell continued resist pressure mgm write sequel death brother assumed control estate authorized sequel jointly produced mgm universal_studios budget million commissioned write sequel novel adapted screenplay published conjunction film release edwards submitted page manuscript entitled continuation gone wind set focusing divorce mgm satisfied story deal collapsed idea revived 1990s sequel finally produced form television miniseries based novel sequel mitchell book british actors cast series follows relocation ireland pregnant
Gone with the Wind (film)