american attorney author diplomat best known leading china experts government served assistant secretary state november subsequently appointed minister china china post soon fell disagreement policy ruling government resigned position briefly left foreign service following years returned minister estonia lithuania later served ambassador turkey special assistant secretary state retirement commissioned write memorandum conflict china japan suggested united_states china great_britain partly blame japan aggression anticipated united_states recognized japan grievances war powers likely warnings proved pacific war broke japan attacked united_states pearl harbor december early life born new_york née father career soldier serving captain union_army american_civil_war later joining regular army father taught military tactics author books mother van antwerp daughter bank president age attended captain boarding school near princeton new_jersey later attending nearby father death dealt deep emotional blow according historian graduating enrolled princeton_university school president encouraged pursue career noting language literature said display independent nature declining participate eating clubs attend chapel admitted gained admission concurrently pursued master arts degree drama princeton_university received career following admission sought career government letter helped secure opportunity foreign service examination appointed secretary second secretary embassy worked ambassador credited helping shape united_states open door policy china returning washington chief position held appointments secretary china counselor embassy tokyo offered post minister declined order pursue position returned serve chief time involved observer negotiations china japan concerning status authored book titled treaties agreements book compilation treaties agreements china published briefly served assistant secretary state appointed minister china president described china expert assumed post july regarded diplomatic community sir british delegation described friendly relatively ideas china afflicted predecessors noted express diplomatic meetings academic lacked confidence imagine allows little freedom action refers washington possible occasion wrote british diplomat sir recorded complaints washington allowed little initiative seldom adopted proposals soon arriving china fell disagreement washington policy ruling nationalist government demanding immediate revisions cessation treaty system place countries washington wished concessions nationalist government favored enforcement existing treaties differences opinion led resign november professor returned foreign service september year appointed minister estonia lithuania position held served ambassador extraordinary turkey returned washington worked special assistant secretary state retirement memorandum tensions mounting assistant secretary state east asian affairs commissioned write memorandum situation memorandum developments affecting american policy far_east challenged underlying assumptions policy japan conventional wisdom held japan conflict china chinese american policies partly blame japan actions japan closely adhered treaties agreements united_states great_britain china frequently undermined japanese invasion japanese government good faith live wrote issue success failure policies evolved actually hands china great_britain united_states according found china particular systematically legal framework guaranteed international position invited wrath believed united_states valued efforts comply treaty agreements suggested united_states acknowledge japanese grievances closely china barring wrote american war japan likely oppose japanese domination china actively available means occasions pursued consistently inevitably mean war japan war major assuming victory long costly process elimination japan possible blessing far_east world merely create new set stresses substitute japan ussr successor contestant equally dangerous mastery east russia gain victory war classified memorandum immediately shelved warnings went following second world war available select archives memorandum published time introduction historian suppressed largely disregarded time written analysis considered later generations scholars diplomats wrote memorandum know document record government respect foreign policy penetrating thoughtful films photography diplomatic tours china captured thousands photographs recorded hours footage everyday life collection consisting photographs taken rural china held princeton_university library years advent motion picture camera began making amateur films life travels china trips great wall china journey film depicted procession body original burial place new film recorded april captured scenes daily life north wife sister traveled american explorer naturalist multiple expeditions desert civil war rogue soldiers travel difficult region secure passage enlisted aid local provided escort cavalry cars family married daughter legal scholar president advisor government professors columbia_university couple children works treaties agreements concerning china period
John Van Antwerp MacMurray