ali commonly known epithet arabic second ruler encompassing northern syria son founder inherited throne young age midst major byzantine offensive years conquered western portions realm turned tributary state facing multitude rebellions unable enter capital hands father chief minister maintaining close relations managed establish authority parts rule soon challenged rebellion governor supported turn came rely increasingly byzantine assistance continued allegiance byzantium biography early years son sister cousin court poet time father death february resided capital succession unopposed state father left byzantine emperor conquered raiding northern western provinces rebellions closest plagued years reached years governed chief minister chamberlain june july immediately confronted rebellion uncle time governor lasted death battle april time threatened byzantines advice left city byzantines attack city fellow military slaves seized moment claim city accompanied faithful followers reduced wandering city city lands nominally hoping gain entry refused support mother refused let finally found refuge meantime father old supporters left join cousin opportunity expand territory immediately death captured extended control provinces unable offer resistance accepted losses cousin year crucial syrian history marked climax byzantine advance october generals peter captured securing control north syrian soon byzantines marched forced sign treaty december january making tributary byzantine deputy designated successor time egypt defeated gained control country advanced southern syria competition powers byzantium shape history syria years recovery conflicts byzantium managed regain capital control deposed imprisoned aided father powerful tribe living besieged captured set free entrusted affairs state death years later given governorship soon able capitalize conflict recover father domains acknowledging received governorship time received puppet known meantime new post open contacts intended use subdue complete conquest entirety syria byzantium hand resented byzantine willing acknowledge hand want domain merely like southern syria attempt shake free byzantine ended failure lack outside support byzantine army appeared walls enforce compliance induced act september launched attack support troops forced appeal byzantine emperor help siege raised byzantine army younger byzantines proceeded sack october city returned control fled territory assumed governorship damascus indication strained relations flight clashes byzantine troops settled agreed pay twice usual yearly tribute gold relations byzantium collapsed completely took byzantine fortress refused continue paying tribute result byzantines invaded territory sacked steps marching south unsuccessful siege retaliation sent troops famous monastery soon prospect imminent conclusion peace byzantium egypt forced return earlier allegiance affirmed tributary status terms prevent supporting byzantine general second rebellion released captivity december recognizing month especially byzantium descended civil war lasted warfare threatened governed damascus deposed fled little support tried attack byzantine assistance form troops able defeat capture east april later executed relations arrest children death december stopped attacking possessions succeeded son real power rested hands chamberlain influence went launched sustained offensive turkish general personal intervention save warfare lasted peace treaty concluded continued existence state powers finally assassinated assumed control
Sa'd al-Dawla