commonly known species mushroom family common north_america europe parasite wide range hosts deciduous trees conifers live nutrients wood mushroom typically found growing clusters base trees stumps cap stem covered small pointed scales pointed downward backward crowded gills yellowish later brown mushroom odor depending author described resembling lemon strong taste resembling thought edible considered known poisonous especially consumed combination alcohol mushroom contains unique chemicals thought help plants defensive responses employed similar differs having paler cap sticky scales smaller spores taxonomy species described scientifically later sanctioned transferred genus german type species genus specific epithet derived latin means mushroom commonly known description like mushrooms cap stem cap ranges diameter depending age range shape bell shaped rounded somewhat flattened cap color yellowish brown older specimens scales cap yellowish stem long thick roughly equal width partial veil covers young gills forms thick ring upper stem level ring stem bare like cap gills covered partial veil young greenish brown color mature gills brown crowded closely attached stem usually spore print brown spores smooth walled absorbing stained melzer reagent measure basidia spore bearing cells club shaped spored dimensions edibility fruit bodies odor described variously resembling lemon taste like older sources report edible mushroom caused cases poisoning afflicted individuals consumed alcohol mushroom experienced hours later toxic effect combination eating mushrooms taking alcohol extended time delay consumption symptoms suggests mechanism different effect experienced alcohol correct identification hours boiling water min subsequent mushrooms render bland dish ill effects minus alcohol course similar species similar appearance species genus produces white spore prints similar mushroom distinguished smaller spores cap scales lacks odor flesh white yellow white gills finely edges distinguished reliably white spores ecology habitat distribution thought white fungus use carbon source ability present wood carbon dioxide access fungus attack wide variety deciduous host trees including sugar maple red maple yellow birch paper birch american beech white ash attack conifers like spruce fungus secondary parasite attacks trees weakened prior injury infection bacteria fungi functions obtain nutrients breaking organic matter dead wood found north_america europe north american distribution extends north canada south mexico appearance restricted coniferous forests netherlands mushrooms regularly found fruiting ancient timber fruit bodies primary food source red higher protein content mushrooms typically consumed species decaying fruit bodies food source fruit flies belonging genus chemistry fruit bodies contain unique chemical compounds derived compounds named acid joints main cause reduce effect natural function compounds oxygen species produced plants defensive response fungal infection
Pholiota squarrosa