species fungus family widespread species particularly temperate areas dead fallen leaves plants particularly oak chestnut fungus form layer leaf host resemble dark spots scattered multi colored mosaic pattern bounded thin black lines mature open triangular flaps release spores form species distinguished shape microscopic characteristics taxonomy species described scientifically italian botanist moved transferred giving current variety var described indonesia applied western collections large sided status unclear type longer collection destroyed world war described collection found growing species southern brazil according english botanist revised genus indistinguishable main type considered synonymous author regarded synonym later authors treated separately tentatively reported presence fallen leaves del southern south_america species later identified distinct species described aquatic growing submerged leaves found shoreline tentatively assigned state specific epithet latin whip shape refers whip like form description distributed spots bounded black lines inside outer cell layer leaf black lines referred zone lines result antagonistic interactions individuals different leaf surface usually accompanied fruit bodies measuring diameter black shiny sides star shaped pattern grooves formed lighter colored cells spores mature open triangular teeth expose dull yellow hymenium spore bearing surface layer covering thick cells measuring diameter base supportive tissue thick sterile cells gradually width tip contents thin walled cylindrical club shaped spore bearing cells short stalk measure contains measure thin distinct lack cross walls appear mature having shape double convex lens cross section diameter covered dark brown layer cells arranged basal layer borne short slender tapering point lack measure rod shaped lack dimensions form described grown standard conditions forms black centered colonies growth rate week produced thin curved whip like shape measure usually single branch typically long appears cells released species known function non cells function male species known non state similar species species frequently confused inflated longer regularly shaped rarely occurs leaves prefers grow leaves found predominantly northern europe eastern north_america somewhat similar appearance distinguished field round ellipsoid rolled tip center larger somewhat larger respectively species morphological similar found malaysian state distinguished following characters sided single longer wider measuring habitat distribution saprobic species grows dead leaves wide variety frequently encountered members heather family beech family oak red white live oak chestnut exotic chile common include leaves trees genera widely distributed common fungus occurs predominantly warm temperate areas found africa tunisia europe americas northern range occurs summer autumn subtropical areas found year round wide geographical distribution abundance collected species
Coccomyces dentatus