june february early american physician politician statesman massachusetts trained medicine served military surgeon american revolutionary war notably battle bunker hill resumed medical practice war soon entered politics terms state legislature won election united_states congress serving moderate democratic republican briefly returned state politics losing reelection chosen secretary war president inexperience managing army lack military failures early months war laid shoulders leading resignation madison appointed minister netherlands post held period congress elected governor massachusetts popular successor long serving died office boston mansion built royal governor known house early years military service born june cambridge massachusetts prominent boston doctor second surviving son children educated entered graduated harvard belonged undergraduate militia unit called graduation studied medicine known patriot political leader battles lexington concord sparked american revolutionary war april warren worked field tending injured revolutionaries warren secured commission regimental surgeon rebel artillery helped care wounded june battle bunker hill warren killed served continental_army new_york new_jersey campaign refusing lieutenant colonel commission offered artillery chief continental_army service met established enduring friendship new_jersey native placed command military hospital established residence north new_york_city remained duration war september played minor role events surrounding flight traitor treated arnold wife seemingly sudden departure husband discovery plot war returned medical practice boston called serve military matters rebellion broke western massachusetts surgeon militia force raised general rebellion early months vice president post held legislator elected state legislature left sick political body chosen serve years ran seat united_states house_of_representatives successful campaign charged production letters formed threatened uprising continental_army publicly denied author letters silent role affair later admitted writing letters acknowledged years later plot moderate democratic republican seek significant reforms radical republicans wanted demonstrated voting president repeal judiciary act bill passed late days john adams administration greatly expanded number seats federal bench reelected defeating rematch election defeated fewer votes house managers appointed house_of_representatives conduct proceedings action succeed judge new_hampshire argued favor merchant vessels headed west_indies secretary war president sought enhance status democratic republicans new_england end chose secretary war good choice post lacking necessary administrative skills detailed military background difficult relations senior army commanders major push update military field changed revolutionary war acquiring copies published use armies commissioned translation lobbied adoption new based french tactics new manual ready use received officer corps war broke year tensions grew united_states great_britain modest moves improve military readiness distinguish introduce initiatives proposals war began army logistics overall commander forcing detailed decisions military districts war began poorly surrender general detroit severely criticized treasury secretary wrote total want confidence felt public service resignation december secretary state took duties assumed office february netherlands minister appointed minister united_states netherlands president madison serving madison believed post important sounding conditions europe historical use neutral ground negotiations instructed track european diplomatic sentiment status dutch declined defeat napoleon post particularly active unsuccessfully pursued claims dutch american goods ships taken place reign claims eventually acknowledged france elected member ambassador france negotiated new commerce treaty dutch government ratified disadvantage lack french language skill recalled dutch government reduced american delegation head renewed acquaintance served revolutionary war later offices return europe purchased mansion built royal governor known house elected congress special election called resignation representative served presiding chairman debate admission missouri state leading speech opposition proposed language forbidding entry free blacks state ran unsuccessfully governor massachusetts times losing time popular moderate won seat highly contentious contest unpopular arch republicans presented moderate successor brooks partisan highlighted revolutionary war experience carried strongholds hampshire essex counties nearly defeated boston victory election combined republican sweep legislature following year marked effective end massachusetts popular governor continuing brooks moderate policies nominated lieutenant governor state high court won reelection representative lieutenant governor received old friend toured united_states march april popularity honored single vote democratic republican party caucus party candidate vice president upcoming died boston pneumonia governor february funeral temporary took place boston friend later lexington old cemetery personal life revolutionary war close friends friendship deepened exchanged letters intimate subjects recommending potential romantic partners sharing taste educated women aided occasion helping find accommodations young woman mother involved relationship placed boston area boarding school subject teenage crush daughter shared intimate details life including medical conditions difficult pregnancy adulthood years confirmed bachelor described charming married children sister married sister ann daughter prominent portsmouth new_hampshire merchant judge wife survived years boston property divided relatives mansion fell decay acquired restored 19th century late 20th century house museum
William Eustis