cuisine cuisine includes foods eating habits cooking methods thirteen british colonies north_america american revolution derived familiar traditions colonists home countries british isles particularly england agricultural items came trade england west_indies certain familiar items grew better led dependence imports drove daily lives colonists colonial diet increasingly supplemented new animal plant foods indigenous new world years leading number events led drastic change diet american colonists longer depend british west indian imports agricultural practices colonists began focus completely self sufficient regional majority immigrants north_america 17th 18th centuries came parts britain waves migration waves established major regional cultures affect life united_states day settled different regions dominated regional cultures british isles atlantic specific customs related religion language british migrants brought food habits formed major regional english speaking america virginia early 17th century wave english immigrants began arriving north_america settling mainly chesapeake_bay virginia maryland settlers dominated english servants fleeing aftermath english civil war poor peasants southern england society brought highly reflected food eating habits basis families virginia fond game red meat beef particular favorite available wealthy colonists complain absence meat virginia place north_america cuisine kind practiced 19th century extravagant dishes swan important social events art dinner conversation considered important skill affluent households poor white farmers black slaves ate humble fare quicker incorporate american african food poor whites 17th century similar soul food 20th century overall rich poor ate food early colonies important life social classes cooking southern england noted tendency true cooking wealthy households tended vary cooking methods greatly poor households generally confined boiling form cooking slow develop typical dishes upper classes herbs good common food lower classes corn salt cured meat later traditional southern fried chicken new_england new_england settled beginning dominated east better known religious created cuisine eating seen largely practical matter occasions engage massive bouts eating drinking times children drink large amounts alcohol age important signs authority determined eating practices society particularly compared southern colonies heads household eat separately children servants new_england great abundance wildlife traditional east fare preferred ingredients baked beans everyday fare particularly winter usually eaten coarse dark bread mixture wheat corn disease called wheat struck creating later known vegetables meat boiled thoroughly popular dish unlike regions north american colonies cooked separately frequently particular favorite origin dishes today seen american apple pie baked thanksgiving turkey mid-atlantic region emigrated new world 17th century eventually settled primarily similar applied everyday life religious teachings far food plain simple excessive consumption discouraged failure eat drink moderately punished public acts self criticism founder pennsylvania important figure development movement encouraged followers advice thou rise appetite thou sure sit like encountered abundance food new world forests rich game streams fish flocks birds abundant block sun hours avoided eating butter form self eccentric followers avoid tea meat ideas encouraged boycott products considered sin included butter role raising war taxes coffee produced slave labor eating habits meals entire households table including children servants typical cooking method boiling method brought ancestral northern england boiled breakfast dinner standard fare pop balls batter flour eggs boiled milk boiled common homes referred outsiders food travelers noted apple daily dish cook books specialized food preserved boiling standing popular genre dishes favored method food preparation cheese butter generic term dishes prepared slow boiling pressing ingredients varying apple butter cream cheese origins cooking colonial times true cheese cream warmed gently allowed stand cloth semi solid dried beef widely popular eaten add flavor use dried beef widespread called 18th century influence dominant influence german immigrants 18th century pot meat grain staple regional cuisine generations major wave british immigrants colonies took place people travelled atlantic primarily seek economic escape hardships famine came northern britain scots irish scottish descent poor accustomed hard times setting apart major british immigrant groups settled come known generally frontier highlands north south typical breakfast bread cheese meat vegetables previous dinner summer people drank fresh milk relied heavily diet based milk boiled grains like food milk standard breakfast dish eaten settlers ages habit shared british immigrant groups equally despised britain anglican missionary spent time immigrants described depending wholly butter milk england given popular meal british remained popular america difference replaced corn known today south baked circular common went names potato originated south_america established north_america brought colonies northern british settlers 18th century important staple corn pork food taboo northern primary meat sheep american colonies raising sheep efficient replaced pork habit eating remained popular vegetables replaced plants like beans corn land distinctive cooking style british american boiling typical dishes pot food eaten wooden large hunting knives popular easily tended dull knives quickly unlike abundance food drink discouraged practiced feasible generally cuisine share religious north south outside commentators apparent lack preparing food provoked criticism sources anglican characterized cooking told washing feet considered wash milk human hairs butter considered sign quality descriptions confirmed old saying attributed dirt hurt expression lack appreciation coffee tea described mere deemed appropriate sick unfit labor diet american revolution colonists arrived america planted familiar crops varying degrees success raised domestic animals meat leather wool britain colonists faced difficulties owing different climate environmental factors trade britain continental europe west_indies allowed american colonists create cuisine similar regional british local plants animals offered alternatives old world diet colonists held old traditions tended use items fashion ignore familiar foods available american colonial diet varied depending region local cuisine patterns established century preference british cooking methods apparent brought new world general disdain french south_carolina french canadians common colonies art plain easy held french style disdain stating blind age imposed french encouragement good english cook add french recipes text speaks dishes think ing odd trash french indian war reinforced anti french sentiment conflict strengthened age old english distrust french led english french speaking people forced migration louisiana french brought profound french influence diet settlers louisiana little influence outside region northern colonies striking characteristic diet new_england seasonal availability food farming southern colonies took place year northern growing seasons restricted limiting availability fresh fruit vegetables coastal colonists close proximity ocean gave bounty fresh fish supplement diet year round especially north wheat grain primarily english bread impossible grow north imports wheat far cost productive included corn form generally considered poor substitute bread accepted residents northern southern colonies animal proteins game hunting familiar beneficial skill colonists immigrated new world northern colonists depended hunting hunted purchased game method obtaining protein consumption hunting preferred animal domestic animals expensive work required defend domestic animals natural predators native americans french commonly hunted game included deer bear buffalo turkey larger parts animals served smaller portions went popular game plentiful meat popular especially popular thanksgiving season buffalo important protein source roughly animals hunted eastern united_states bear numerous northern colonies especially new_york considered leg meat bear meat frequently preservation method addition game consumed time time keeping sheep provided wool household sheep reached age wool production harvested sheep originally introduced americas spanish florida north dutch english introduced varieties sheep casual english practice animal allowed sheep free consuming variety forage forage based produce meat strong flavor tough consistency requires aging slow cooking derived animals cook colonial foods rendered pork fat especially bacon popular cooking medium pork fat southern colonies northern colonies spanish introduced pigs earlier south homes kept sack filled bear oil use cooking solidified bear fat resembled shortening colonists enjoyed butter cooking rare prior american revolution cattle plentiful colonists near shores new_england fish crustaceans sea animals colonists ate large quantities turtle europe enjoyed fresh form suitable long term storage waters commonplace new_england diet complained dining pig fodder highest quality usually dried exported mediterranean exchange fruits grown american colonies fruits vegetables number vegetables grown northern colonies including vegetables stored colder months vegetables preservation agricultural success northern colonies came following seasons consumption fresh occurring summer months addition vegetables large number seasonal fruits grown fruits eaten season preserved jam wet dried cooked frozen winter months vegetables originating new world including beans corn readily adopted grown european colonists grew northern colonies fodder animals addition human consumption alcohol hard apple far common alcoholic available colonists apple trees grown locally colonies unlike grain grow new_england easier produce beer wine farmers consumption imported affordable average beer wine apple trees planted virginia massachusetts bay colony early trees produced bitter sour eating planted making freeze called freeze called cold climate northeast encouraged process particularly popular new_jersey occasionally called jersey lightning pay road construction crews revolution new consumed large quantities beer maritime trade provided relatively easy access goods needed produce items spirit choice main ingredient readily available trade west_indies continent interior colonists drank whiskey ready access corn good access sugar cane revolution colonists considered whiskey coarse unfit human consumption believing caused poor beer important americans closely watch stocks held farmers ensure quality beer production correspondence wife asked quality crops ensure adequate supply production beer friends essential production beer grow colonies grew wild new world needed imported england addition alcohol based products produced america merchants imported wine beer consumed flavor alcohol content safer drink water disease causing children drank small beer southern colonies unlike north south central cultural origin single tradition southern colonies diverse agricultural products slaves poor europeans south shared similar diet based indigenous crops rural poor hunted ate rabbit woodland animals smoked pork supplemented vegetable diet rice coast ate ample amounts rice southern poor slaves wheat option poorer residents southern colonies eighteenth century region relied home primary small households women responsible production drink relied local products different production seasonal large funds technology necessary produce alcohol year round southern colonies culturally divided distinction seen diet food preparation regions diet included string beans white potatoes affluent whites avoided crops imported africa associated reflected social black slaves grow afford wheat table breakfast healthy portions pork pork staple meal preparations vegetables flavor addition direct consumption protein coastal particularly surrounding charleston new_orleans included french regions louisiana surrounding area varied diet heavily influenced french rice played large diet addition unlike protein came coastal game diet involved use today english inherent disdain french food native foods french disdain indigenous fact expressed appreciation native ingredients dishes changes boycott colonists dependent parent england imports food basic products taxes british parliamentary products american colonists increased colonists forced paying taxes continue english west indian goods result number colonists began boycott imported goods favor domestic goods boycott initially widespread especially officially enforced lacked number regions increasing support boycott helped generate revolution england england imposed series acts colonists changes american purchases trades eventually altered american diet starting act followed sugar act shift alcohol consumption occurred protest taxation main ingredient production whiskey spirit choice american colonists wished thumb england northern colonies whiskey southern colonies preferred corn seen grain corn whiskey presented patriotic version produced indigenous american crop production whiskey certainly norm colonies early years upper colonial society looked american whiskey time american revolution saw harsh spirit american colonies sentiment scottish irish germans brought taste hard spirits american colonies groups continued produce hard spirits imported based designs retaliation english economic controls revenue act heavily led boycott time imported promoted indigenous agricultural item decided use poor richard promote growing american order encourage production domestic franklin friends stated evening gatherings drink wine making opinion prevailing sentiment colonies revolution supported colonies supported production american wine time colonial form time drink wine beer instead hard spirits act probably stripped colonists funds ability purchase imported stamp act resulted boycott imported goods merchants strengthened passage act short lived dismay radical colonists hoped control superficial goods imported english imports west_indies act repealed colonists markets purchase non enforcement tea act heated issue colonists known demonstration boston harbor direct reaction act important shift occurred colonists drink choice wrote letter wife stating tea universally renounced sooner better began american shift tea coffee concentrated boycott massachusetts publicly united serve coffee homes inspired households colonies north south effects american revolution continental congress decreed imports enter american colonies exports america england historians state profound effect agriculture america state effect domestic market strong sustain american dispute lies fact american economy highly diverse standard form currency records consistently kept declaration american revolution george_washington military leader number changes occurred america coffee quickly normal hot drink colonies taste whiskey acquired produce fact corn grown kentucky specifically production american whiskey step established american spirit american culture country going war england addition whiskey coming favor shift began consumption beer colonists opted grow easier apple beer reason change lack imported needed beer american colonies went war needed soldiers supplies lots soldiers needed uniforms shipping colonies ceased wool integral war effort revolution consumption ceased entirely areas virginia illegal consume cases extreme necessity game begun scarce region east mississippi river hunting game driven westward colonial population increased fortunately irish scottish immigrants cattle american colonies early 18th century consequently game scarce placed cattle available place protein source change increased farmers profit animal cattle raising begun small scale french indian war american revolution came farmers able increase cattle holdings increase presence beef american diet addition beef production cattle increased production milk dairy products like butter contributed preference butter pork fat especially northern colonies arrival english soldiers ship naval battles seas areas salt water fishing lay dormant war addition fishing vessels converted warships war talk excess shores new_england change war vast numbers ships artillery entering ocean waters harvesting fishing fishermen found migrated away shores americans historic disdain french cooking opinion small began change american alliance french american publication insults french dishes disappeared number attempted cook french cuisine french allies comedic results entire frogs legs nonetheless alliance supported friendship france later resulted large migration french america french revolution american diet changed friendship changes forced boycott hostilities england time trade resume west_indies limited items sustained war effort america traded crops rice carolinas shipped coffee beans imported order america new choice
Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies