commonly known fungus family rare species widely distributed having reported asia north_america europe new_zealand fungus grows parasite fruit bodies mushrooms usually mushrooms white silky caps diameter white gills turns pink maturity stipe white long sack like base taxonomy species mentioned scientific literature english botanist described species illustrated wrote root spring smooth summit uniform common occurrence plant arises decay found constitute soil termination chain efficiency hidden seven years later described fungus aware previous publication wrote elegant curious species appears hitherto noticed berkeley frequently literature refer fungus century north american flora proposed new combination species based berkeley discovered image description fungus realizing referred species berkeley new combination transferred genus giving known presently molecular analysis dna sequences suggests belongs group grouping related species produce small white fruit bodies analysis formed years earlier recognized species proposed considered subspecies specific epithet latin arise berkeley epithet honors british naturalist reverend mushroom commonly known description fruit bodies caps initially egg shaped later bell shaped convex reaching cap shallow presence character consistent cap surface dry covered long silky hairs color white light gray yellowish brownish center gills free attachment stipe packed close initially white later pink short gills extend fully cap margin stipe interspersed gills stipe long thick roughly equal width length somewhat thicker base color white light gray stipe surface coating near apex white measures high broad margin mushroom edible color spore print brownish pink spores egg shaped oval measuring basidia spore bearing cells club shaped spored measure pleurocystidia cystidia gill face distinctly enlarged middle tapered ends elongated neck cheilocystidia cystidia gill edge neck short measure hyphae clamp connections similar species occurrence fruit bodies unlikely confused mushrooms parasitic mushrooms include species thick gills compared thin gills species including saprobic grow decayed remains fruit bodies smaller cap species appearance similar grow grass leaf litter habitat distribution grows fruit bodies species usually reported growing species mushrooms grow clusters fruit summer autumn host mushroom assumes irregular appearance early publication commented berkeley figure misleading given parasitic robust condition specimen host collapsed practically known species expect rare species major host common conditions required parasite produce fruit bodies known authors suggested grow equally parasite found host different habitat types including birch woodlands pine plantations small trees shrubs roads definite preference soil type determined having found sands clay reported successfully cultivated species partially burying fruit bodies water soaked rotting fir leaves placed bell glass warm room according account white grew leaves eventually formed small white immature fruit bodies grew fully formed mushrooms weeks starting geographical distribution fungus includes north_america north mexico europe new_zealand asia region russia india korea
Volvariella surrecta