commonly known annual plant family gets day native northern parts southeast_asia china plant known simplified chinese traditional chinese pinyin roughly translating japan known meaning introduced parts central southeastern europe eastern north_america spread common disturbed sites moist soil flowers emerge summer fall distinctive relatively large blue reduced white plant serves type species large genus picked honour dutch family large described species edition landmark work long plant studied europe generations traditional chinese medicine flowers japan produce pigment world renowned 18th early 19th centuries modern era plant found limited use model organism field plant physiology complex pigment chemistry ease viewing considered areas introduced certain parts native range flowers interactions studied helped support important field plant ecology recent research revealed number metals making candidate essentially cleaning copper mines animals fungi use plant food source species feeding exclusively description annual stems typically meaning base erect tips individuals simply erect branched stems tend root basal stems variable common patterns include line hair continuous leaf meaning covered fine hairs leaves lack leaf stalk known meaning small leaf cylindrical striped red typically usually margins meaning lined fine soft hairs leaf blades range narrowly lance shaped egg shaped shaped measure wide blades range slightly rough margins tips acute meaning come point quickly meaning point develops gradually leaf bases oblique uneven flowers arranged called singular called form lateral branches arise alternately modified leaf solitary usually measure long length tall typically heart shaped whitish base contrasts dark green veins margins lack hairs somewhat rough meaning distinct base acute surfaces meaning longer hairs borne measure long present upper lower bears bisexual flowers nearly included upper male flowers long individual flowers fall early development supporting single flowers later fruits erect initially curve fruit measure concave persist fruit develops lateral pair fused measure long wide lower long wide upper blue colour smaller lower white upper measure long wide lower long wide upper composed long broadly limb acute apex base fertile meaning lower flower meaning upper flower termed fertile lateral pair measure long base shaped long central fertile yellow base shaped right angles measures long long alike yellow cross shaped long long central spot abortive lateral sacks ellipsoid long style long fruit ellipsoid capsule containing seeds capsule brown measures long seeds brown brownish yellow colour roughly triangular outline meaning distinct upper lower surfaces ventral lower surface dorsal upper surface convex seeds range length seeds short occur surfaces pitted densely covered smaller sparse larger taxonomy described edition species genus plant serves type species genus scientific chosen based picked honour dutch jan large number names given plants thought different species fallen created synonym described believed new species work quickly found identical created synonym finally korean populations species named synonym varieties named var created species status placed variety distinguished darker flowers central spots developed usually produce flower broader flora japan treats variety geographically distinct stating restricted mountainous areas variety accepted workers consider impossible consistently separate type variety variety var named apparently cultivated variety originated var japan accepted differs having larger flowers produce uses section form called var named known occur randomly species range distribution habitat plant native distribution includes southeast_asia country country found china taiwan japan korea malaysia thailand vietnam china found provinces japan plant found bulk country south russia found naturally far_east areas surrounding species introduced europe eastern north_america continent found western russia specifically known italy north switzerland east region encompassing yugoslavia east regions black_sea including romania ukraine excluding north russia continuing east regions surrounding south intersection don canal north regions farther east regions found czech_republic slovakia present provinces ontario quebec canada eastern central american states massachusetts new_york northeast west minnesota south great plains texas east extreme northern florida united_states native distribution plant typical moist open places including forest edges wet areas crop fields ditches taiwan found elevation areas introduced common waste places edges fields woods marshes occasionally penetrating woods ecology considered invasive areas introduced united_states example species occasionally invasive means plant affect ecosystem processes alter plant community composition native plant species species typically limited disturbed sites spreads relatively slowly native range china considered pest especially northeast country caused economically significant agricultural damage studies concerning behaviour plants relation important experiment tested floral guides patterns colours simultaneously promote prevent visits fails come contact stigma termed theft flowers lack offer reward visitors attract plant types brightly colored floral organs large blue fertile yellow yellow lack removed natural populations number total floral visitor landings reduced supporting hypothesis essentially trick believing offer actually central bright yellow fertile removed leaving brown fertile frequency legitimate flower landings decreased meaning visitors flowers suggesting floral signals prevent theft visits place stigma fertile shown play important role increasing visitor landings floral visitors landing point appropriate recent studies shown wild populations found growing copper eastern china exhibited high concentrations copper plants species tested copper plant highest concentration species examined including showed high concentrations metals lead results suggest good candidate copper species fungi found plant species insects known associated fungi thought host specific fungi seven insects associated plant beetles seven genus families remaining insects include species true bugs important include asian fly bee species uses medicine food china medicinal anti effects additionally treating sore recent investigations revealed contains active compounds acid shows activity effect china india plant vegetable fodder crop pigment japan industry devoted plant purported variety var apparently cultivated form variety var grown larger yield blue juice manufacturing paper called famous product village paper usually allowing pigment water use referred composed primarily extensively 18th 19th century prints japan especially early era known famous artists fades greenish yellow matter months exposed sunlight result color eventually replaced imported prussian blue stable colour commercial appearance work plant grown northern china additional uses include making preparatory designs cloth blue pigment flowers complex molecules plant physiology development model organism plant physiology plant development limited extent especially relation physiology biology development example blue shown consist large complex associated demonstrating complexes metals determine colour research plant helped explain systems plants responses blue light versus red light acid perception role cell signaling particularly concerning chemical role function role opening necessity calcium closure topics widespread use studies fact leaves produce exceptional consistently cell layer thick quality makes plant popular use laboratory exercises higher education demonstrating function morphology guard cell pressure regulation opening closing particularly easy demonstrate
Commelina communis