theory literature theory literature book literary scholarship prague school self described old new critic met late 1930s begun writing book wrote single voice period years contents based shared literature originally consisting chapters cut later editions theory literature describes aspects literary theory criticism history defining aspects relationships literature general warren divide analysis literature based approaches relating factors outside work author society relating factors rhythm meter stress need focus elements work best way truly understand adapt published company december theory literature received mixed reviews academic community teach literary theory beginning soon publication remained common use 1960s success credited introducing european literary scholarship movement literary criticism theory literature saw editions translated languages background austrian born scholar prague school studying training classical literature fluent european languages theoretical training included work psychologically influenced nazi_germany occupied prague fled london teaching united_states teaching met american literary scholar considered old new critic written extensively literary criticism raised later saw limitations new views promoted warren soon agreement aspects literature begun considering collaboration book years european american literature theory discussions extensive reading contemporary european writings writing owing academic commitments work theory literature begin warren received period summers warren began dividing responsibilities evenly work warren dealt illness later loss wife eleanor period writing transferred yale_university warren university_of_michigan collaboration continued title according warren difficult choose titles literary study dismissed review review literary scholar wrote better title theory literary study considered book lacking theory implied chosen title original publication consists chapters set sections based thematic similarities chapter section removed later editions contributed thirteen book chapters warren wrote final chapter written chapters credited work man work times entire sentences suggested references use expanding chapter writing warren attempted present single voice despite dominance individuals success presenting voice debated later recalled people told difficult tell written chapter consulting book introduction literary scholar notes influences prevalent chapters authored warren review second edition wrote immediately senses change hand chapters different authors contents section definitions section entitled definitions consists chapters details warren define literature section contrasts warren definition views literature print accepted literary canon define literary scholarship personal super personal contrasted literary arts scientific approach warren suggest purely objective purely approach able properly describe literature note literary scholarship examine makes work author unique general characteristics allow compared works warren limit definition literature pieces imaginative literature gain artistic merit complexity language literary works contrasted scientific language use non literal language expressive content studies literature literary systematic treating literature literature field warren discuss proposed functions literature beginning proclamation literature sweet useful aesthetic functional role extending literature substitute travel experience vehicle truth relieve emotion function ultimately describe main function literature loyal nature systematic integrated study literature uniting literary theory outlines basic principles literature criticism critiques individual works history outlines development literature aspects clear relationship separated example theory literature impossible referring works literature reject approaches literary history find reduce literary history series finally fragments emphasize author intent greatly instead warren argue work seen point view period subsequent periods work historical meaning derived history criticism readers ages criticism limited classical medieval literature include works living authors warren describe term comparative literature troublesome noting study oral literature study countries study general universal world literature use according authors issues present term understanding literature trace development art unlimited differences languages comparative literature based language families schools apparent national possibly language thematic worthy study section preliminary operations section consists single chapter treatment classification aspects working manuscripts related documentation warren describe tasks manuscripts establishing author date important ones critical analysis historical understanding handicapped tasks preliminary ultimate task scholarship analysis goal warren note importance identifying task completed numerous ways history involved spark investigation literary debates result better understanding period writer writer authors identify levels operations dealing manuscripts assembly preparation materials establishment aspects chronology authorship level locate identify materials study written printed oral task difficult depend factors outside literature completion written printed works edited task requires lucky parts material classifying identifying possible changes bringing material closer author second level require greater initiative studying work involves things selection published best arranged collection establishment chronology authorship internal external evidence provision proper commentary section approach section consists chapters discussing elements works literature biography psychology social ideas arts opposed elements work explored section write research elements results attempt establish elements work deny light thrown literature proper knowledge conditions produced studies dispose problems description analysis evaluation object work literary art warren describe views biographical approach biographical aspects relating production work use use limited reject views works accurately reflect author life author life understood order understand particular work according warren works reflect author experiences reflect author hopes dreams literary tradition convention document biography likewise understanding personal style makes work rely knowledge author life conclude dangerous biography real critical importance approaches undertaken sense outlined warren consider analysis characters legitimate application psychological analysis literary study analysis find lacking merits individual characters fit psychological theories time written works true certain psychological theories necessarily better question value looking psychological truth work presented additionally outline critique psychological theories analyze authors creative process warren write literature ultimately social institution aspects created influenced social conventions norms reject specific understanding social realities literature author example social raised shaped society relationship audience audience provides recognition income author shapes audiences tastes behavior elements work realization certain aesthetic values reflect contemporary society attitudes literature correctly reflect society life exhibit little connection social truth artistic value right literature thought substitute politics warren note arguments literature form philosophy alternatively devoid ideas reject extreme versions arguments write knowledge history philosophy general ideas valuable researcher note philosophical ideas consciously included work instead agree german scholar literature expresses general attitude life poets usually answer questions themes philosophy manner differs time outline attempts classifying ideas including world view time spirit showing shortcomings systems write students literature art need parallel philosophical development focus ideas enter work warren argue work necessarily better philosophical content warren write relationship literature forms art architecture sculpture music visual art highly complex example literature inspire art forms vice versa work literature attempt effect art techniques literature remains separate art form effects found conveyed emotions triggered work intentions theories likewise completely parallel art form individual forms art evolved differently instead warren suggest works art like literature truly understood looking works art aspects comparison literature art form secondary establishing outlines strictly literary evolution section section twice size consists chapters elements works literature warren write starting analysis elements work natural sensible given works justify interest issues outline different definitions literature including artifacts sequences sounds pronounced reading experiences reader author sum past possible experiences alternatively experience common experiences related work find lacking instead suggest literature potential cause experiences consisting system norms implicit work partially realized reader purely material mental ideal static value warren consider patterns sound inherent text analyzed keeping meaning general emotional tone mind suggest different aspects sound systems sounds isolation sounds relations sounds isolation work establish orchestration sound aesthetic pleasing harsh aspect basis rhythm meter warren discuss issues classification rhyme sounds orchestration rhythm explore varying definitions applications artistic value discuss theories meter shortcomings noting metric foundation differs languages stressing meaning divorced meter language describe literally material literary artist work influenced language writer style use language influence language use work study linguistic history recommend examining works literature define study work art group works described terms aesthetic function meaning studies search total meaning sum individual traits study establish principle general aesthetic work genre difficult reject stylistic studies focus mainly style linked elements meaning warren suggest look sequence image metaphor symbol myth consider making central poetic structure work turns outline historical definitions terms times overlap writing theories treated sequence parts works appear warren refuse instead arguing meaning function literature centrally present metaphor myth dominant form language shifts time metaphor finally discuss aspects practical criticism based poetic language underlying assumptions reject approaches attempt understand author words attempt understand language instead studied isolation element integrity literary work views relationship reality literature warren write narrative fiction takes place worlds consisting elements narrative structure characters setting world view tone discussed following chapter define narrative structure built pattern dialog description concepts related narrative include time work narrative points view voices major types plot devices pacing followed discussion characterization involving modes types setting environment work world serve basis analysis judgment work focus world narrative fiction drama shares similar aspects warren consider genres influencing critical study works literature classified genres presumably fixed outlining brief history ultimate genres understood aristotle poetry prose drama understanding scarcely promising objective results overly reject alternative theories genre instead suggest genres understood based outer form meter structure inner form attitude tone purpose outer form emphasized warren consider genres continually shifting good writers ultimately expanding according warren evaluation literary work based work nature divorced author practical scientific intent reject evaluation based extra literary content writing instead literature like fine art provide aesthetic experience judged note criteria identify good literature rejecting russian criterion similar based diversity materials amalgamated work reject static hierarchy understanding literary instead suggest work rank changes new work introduced values potentially present art object note relationship evaluating critically analyzing literature ties genre theory history literature warren contemporary histories literature history literature possible based elements works history describe development process interpretation criticism appreciation trace development works small large groups tying universal literature historical evolution related individual events tie variable schemes values history suggest numerous ways accomplished including identifying development values traits forms themes motifs write based chronological boundaries time section dominated system literary norms standards conventions introduction spread integration disappearance traced extracted history boundaries marked internal external changes close chapter stating existing methods clumsy new ideal methods literary history necessary section academic situation final section book removed later editions consists single chapter study literature warren literary students offered wider choice historical method supporting instead critically oriented literary scholarship finding faults literary scholarship england germany france russia warren suggest start new era scholarship note opportunity lost conflict advocating change including persons defending status quo american literary studies institutions maintain system having scholars specialized certain time periods authors warren push scholars mastered certain approaches thought patterns literary background recommend distinction teacher scholar allowing individuals devote careers research teaching emphasize need modern languages understanding classical ones urge establish departments teaching comparative literature recommend teaching literary methods theories combination periods authors doctoral procedures theoretical theory literature influenced russian school thought sought examine literature precisely turned termed autonomous body likewise denied external influences book borrowed concepts aesthetic function dominance different elements language unlike russian warren theory recognized possibility factors outside work studied warren continued emphasize aspects work unlike warren saw aesthetic value mundane interaction strata derived work sound level base meaning world created literature strata divided qualities level reader accept teachings writing analyze work art reference values system found warren concept aesthetics borrowed writings implying specific aesthetic realm autonomous work required certain perspective properly understand emphasize quote neo philosopher literary critic beauty character things present thing endowed capacity training perceived depiction dynamic scale values opposed warren define ing poetry literature comparable ages developing changing possibilities explicitly publication theory literature published company december copyright notice dated notes quoted year publication europe fact article mode existence literary work art published article reused chapter leading inclusion year works warren adapted translations theory literature began soon published work translated languages including spanish korean hebrew hindi new editions issued new editions included updated clarified points chapter study literature graduate school removed beginning second edition warren considered reforms suggested accomplished places opinion book required asked master astonishing literature theory produced countries noted warren busy projects reception academic reception mixed reviewing shortly book release described theory literature radical viewpoint rich ideas material judgment approaches literature landmark literary studies agreed warren main points thought lacking references theories literature romance languages concrete interpretations writing hudson review echoed sentiment stating book unusually difficult read felt agreement main position expected book succeed birth elements group believed comprised majority teaching literature writing scrutiny praised book summary wrote way impressive tour force usher new era felt book lacked controlling purpose neglected emphasize need differentiate cheap commercial appeal genuine literature reviewing found treatment lacking major terms left book providing writers theories conceded convincingly showed intellectual study literature literature begun wrote book discussion relation literary criticism scholarship leaves desired providing balanced look major points found work existed english time opined warren lacked single non contradictory theory use base conclusions reviewing discussed chapters elements literature related considered provide food thought suggested professor literature despite terms common discipline writing found theory literature excessively expressed concern idea literary history gone benjamin found book new final assertion dominance new criticism literary theory dominance considered emphasize theory found theory literature ninety parts good offense slain buried foes exceptionally authoritative discussions literary problems opined theory literature plain language introduced numerous inconsistencies theoretical framework stated book led readers believe approaching understanding literature reaching core essence subject believed theories basis warren arguments considered credited took offense ideas pure stated views translation literary work art suggested instrumental spreading ideas legacy time publication warren considered theory literature english language publications attempt unite literary theory criticism history scholarship noted similarity existing german russian works authors considered earlier works eclectic respectively writes theory literature published time increasing focus art literature underlying philosophy academic biography writes established reputation literary scholar decades book proved book length scholarly manifesto format credits warren influence works essays literary theory criticism bound single volume provide single coherent manifesto continue use theories contained late 1980s book teach literary theory universities beginning long publication remained dominant mid-1960s time increasingly questioned universal value literature literary theorist finds 1960s longer possible granted literature read social functions serve describes american movement literary criticism dominated new criticism credits book text oriented interpretation writes importance american general literary studies writing described book excellent introductory study despite studies having dominant literary criticism found book invoked literary debates early 21st century obituary credited theory literature ing european scholarship united_states establishing framework comparative literature studies united_states theoretical positions generally criticized later writers example considers warren distinction aspects literature sharply drawn leading aspects notes distinction proceeds different understanding literature writes school thought considered literature unified subject definite boundaries mastered recent scholarship rendered identity literature object study longer clear
Theory of Literature