scotland november king scots later nicknamed great chief leader head state pre eminent great big long reign lasting years preceded beginning norman age historical equivalent character shakespeare kingdom extend territory modern scotland north west scotland remained scandinavian control areas control kings scots advance limits set 12th century fought succession wars goal conquest english wars result significant advances southwards main achievement continued line rule scotland years role founder dynasty propaganda youngest son david descendants historical reality second wife margaret eventually scotland royal saint gained reputation notable exception abbey definitely associated major religious establishments ecclesiastical reforms background father duncan king late death duncan maternal grandfather great grandfather according john account original source william_shakespeare mother niece earl earlier king list gives sources claim daughter niece young fit timeline likely relative sister translated duncan reign successful killed august shakespeare presents grown man father old appears duncan young brother children family attempt overthrow grandfather killed attempt soon death duncan young sons sent away greater safety exactly subject debate according version aged sent england younger brother sent isles based account assumed passed seventeen year reign court edward according alternative version mother took sons exile court earl enemy family duncan marriage english invasion earl command goal installation son king traditionally identified later interpretation derives chronicle attributed 14th century chronicler scotland john earlier sources william reported killed battle known years argued entry source later writers later scottish king duncan argument supported subsequent historians era suggested son british king daughter king scotland report death hand august succeeded crowned probably september killed near april king inaugurated april john reports relied earliest actions king travel south court edward arrange marriage edward margaret arrived england years hungary visit english court reigning king scots eighty years marriage agreement kept explain scots invasion plundered equally raids related disputed kingdom control saga reports married widow daughter generally assumed died shortly possible died earlier records son mac later king medieval commentators following william claimed duncan illegitimate claim propaganda reflecting need descendants margaret undermine claims duncan descendants son death reported mentioned author saga assumed born marriage secured peace north west tells father finn adviser falling earl king denmark recommendation match enjoyed peaceful relationship ruled jointly paul reports strife norway probably associates king norway year death margaret given sanctuary drove directly involved ill fated invasion england ended defeat death battle bridge granted asylum group english fleeing widow nephew children sisters margaret accompanied earl disappointed expected immediate assistance scots returned england join spreading revolt north son submitted end year arrival danish army ensure william position remained weak decided war took army south marching north loaded met family invited return bought large took army home william sent raid scotland return scots fleet raided coast possessions concentrated late year way european exile family arrived scotland time remain end married sister margaret future scotland naming children represented break traditional scots names point naming margaret sons edward father edward exile grandfather great grandfather great great grandfather brother briefly elected king unlikely missed england william normandy grasp power far secure adoption classical alexander future alexander scotland pope alexander great biblical david future david scotland represented recognition william normandy easily removed repetition royal preceded known margaret gave daughters married mary married iii north completed position secure william normandy came north army fleet met william words man handed eldest son duncan hostage arranged peace william accepting king english novelty previous kings result true agreement english king followed raids led trouble killing bishop william sent son north army brother punished peace time kept decade faced little recorded internal opposition exception son unusual entry contains little scotland says seized mother treasures cattle escaped difficulty provoked strife survived king england father death intervene rebellions supporters followed confiscated lands england fled north scotland marched south raid slaves newcastle built appears attempt advance frontier south threat bring english king normandy fighting september learning approaching army withdrew north english followed unlike prepared fight peace arranged acknowledged english king peace began break based idea scots controlled modern supposed new castle settlement english peasants surrounds cause unlikely controlled dispute instead concerned estates granted father maintenance visiting england sent discuss question agreed meeting travelled south gloucester stopping abbey visit daughter sister law arrived august find refused negotiate insisting dispute judged english barons refused accept returned immediately scotland appear intended provoke war reports war came reason parted great dissatisfaction king returned scotland soon came home gathered army came england hostility accompanied edward eldest son margaret probable heir designate standards time scots seen harsh death marching north ambushed earl lands devastated near november killed steward conflict known edward mortally wounded fight margaret said died soon receiving news deaths annals son king scotland edward son killed french england queen margaret died sorrow days body taken burial king body sent north reign son alexander abbey possibly june following wife margaret pope margaret remains placed tradition carried high altar past grave heavy result remains buried margaret altar issue sons scotland succeeded father king scotland died died margaret children sons daughters edward killed scotland abbot scotland king alexander scotland king david scotland scotland called married king henry england mary scotland married depictions fiction appears william_shakespeare son king duncan heir throne appears second scene talking sergeant duncan sergeant tells battle won thanks ross comes duncan decides title later appears act talking execution enters victory later appears castle guest father killed suspected murder escapes england later makes appearance act talks decide start war act seen getting ready war orders troops hide branches slowly advance castle act watches battle ross eventually killed takes king married life margaret subject historical novels pearl focus court life margaret helping introduce anglo saxon culture scotland novel covers events ending death appears fourth episodes series city stone disney antagonist witnessing father duncan death young revenge ally reaching adulthood english allies ancestor hunters family hunt centuries voiced series boy adult ancestry
Malcolm III of Scotland