dusty june august american administrator director new_york beginning director beginning director combined cancer center contributions cancer research appeared cover june issue time magazine title cancer fighter early years 1930s specialized working months puerto_rico contingent world war worked united_states_army helping develop chemical weapons set research centers research gas led developments use early letter written november claimed killed intentionally injected cancer cells patients given lab assistant puerto rican nationalist leader publicized letter american media led scandal official investigation campaign protect extension interests ensuing investigation defended saying written comments anger joke new_york colleague puerto_rico attorney general medical community found evidence project giving inappropriate medical treatment scandal forgotten controversy revived established memorial award commissioned new investigation led emeritus professor specialist medical ethics concluded evidence human experimentation letter offensive prize renamed concurred stripped honor racism early life education born june springfield massachusetts son wife received early education springfield later attending maine graduated received harvard_university cum class president intern contracted tuberculosis treatment recovery developed lifelong interest disease research early career recovering published paper reaction longtime colleague taught harvard conducted research disease processes joined staff worked staff early research interests included worked puerto_rico working invited join conduct clinical research san_juan puerto_rico commission island castle research interest iron specifically caused parasitic endemic island rates tropical effective treatment developed disease causes remained obscure recently medical journal reported conditions cause high mortality cause tropical identified 1940s treated acid month course assist castle established base san_juan corresponded new_york research career interests puerto_rico group patients historian notes referred patients primarily clinical subjects conditions studied advance medical research effects suspicion tropical related diet controlled patients notes letters time referred patients experimental animals wrote don develop certainly sought induce conditions studying patients simply treat develop tropical treat liver extract castle wanted perform similar study conjunction similar research approved collected samples boss assisted contacts university scandal november party puerto rican worker house having drinks left finding car items stolen went office wrote signed letter addressed colleague boston working memorial hospital cancer research new_york wrote following dear think appointment disgusted heard reason advanced certainly odd man entire boston group fired far know absolutely devoid scientific reputation given place wrong point view situation settled boston parker run laboratory kenneth assistant chief stay far chances getting job years absolutely certainly encouraged scientific advances handicap aid advancement damn fine job tempted ideal doubt race men inhabiting sphere makes sick inhabit island lower italians island needs public health work tidal wave totally population best process killing cancer resulted fatalities far matter consideration patients welfare plays role fact physicians delight abuse torture unfortunate subjects let know hear news dusty letter found staff circulated people learned quickly public apology meeting staff doctors later dismayed hear letter going discussed meeting relations having deteriorated locally returned new_york december publicity investigations end december lab technician resigned later testified feared safety january gave letter president sought publicity sending copies letter newspapers vatican addition distributing letter media wrote charging plot linked letter complaints american saying governors puerto_rico encouraged labor emigration improving employment promoted birth control offensive catholic residents later year governor struggled greater political crisis letter remarks encouraging birth control use island resulted removed office photograph letter published january newspaper translation spanish entire letter support theory conspiracy puerto_rico february published entire letter spanish english letter created crises newly appointed acting governor puerto_rico said letter confession murder libel people puerto_rico ordered investigation acts said damned fool good doctor strong mentally new_york released official response media governor insisted letter intended confidential calling fantastic playful composition written entirely diversion intended parody supposed attitudes american minds explaining intended mean opposite stated offered return clear things governor inquiry concluded commit acts included letter crimes work investigated puerto rican attorney general review medical aspects representative representing commissioner health sworn testimony taken patients colleagues including castle reviewed case files patients treated including patients died period found evidence crimes described letter attorney general medical community joined nationalist charges plot subject separate investigations ordered acting american governor puerto_rico able uncover evidence confirmed 21st century account records san_juan puerto_rico performed research revealed patients young care died suspicious circumstances additionally investigators unable confirm claim omitted time account cancer patients investigations ivy lee handled public relations family team institute began campaign defend reputation seen promising researcher wanted protect working relationship medical organizations puerto_rico avoid problems critics human experimentation early 1930s revival anti movement concerned use vulnerable populations human subjects experimentation children especially prisoners soldiers observed members medical community monitored popular medical press editor 1930s 1940s accepted articles clinical research careful wording effort avoid criticism anti lee given access pre published versions articles controversy new_york_times time persuaded time eliminate words cancer published version letter based positive testimony patients new_york_times headlined article patients saved lives reported returned new_york scandal broke puerto_rico attorney general report controversy quickly faded united_states reaction scandal controversy mixed united_states campaign says 21st century colleagues believe spin letter fantastic playful composition intended parody worried mental health time superior dismissed incident case local time magazine headlined incident suggests meant humanitarian work puerto_rico come bite puerto_rico scandal anti colonial campaign attracting followers longtime puerto rican pro independence activists tried assassinate president bring cause world stage said young man heard speak letter decided devote life nationalist movement following study puerto_rico chosen lead special service clinical study diseases blood forming organs built research tropical researcher published results success liver extract therapy treat tropical relieve work recognized contributing benefit treatment disease field world war selected director devoted cancer care research recently moved new building selected interest clinical investigation addition laboratory research hospital research treatment succeeded noted written cancer subject referred letter written november year studying use radiation treat world war commissioned colonel assigned chief medicine established chemical weapons laboratories utah maryland panama work won legion merit casualty studies gas accident war italy interested potential cancer treatment rest life research interest developing cancer treatment served primarily administrator scientific director memorial studies gas developed drug called success clinical trials war years basis development field anti cancer interested total body led early work post war founded cancer research center hopes industrial approach research yield cure opened director memorial served director praised memorial essential role evolution hospital modern medical center director oversight research related radiation experiments instance year team began multi year study post syndrome humans stepped slightly scientific director newly merged cancer center time continued scientific director operations adviser nuclear medicine funding supported research use transport radiation cancer continued serve scientific director death died august connecticut 20th anniversary death established honor annual award promising young researcher revival controversy puerto rican social scientist writer discovered new information archives raised questions investigations conducted work prominent findings letter written governor associate director stating written second letter worse according puerto rican government suppressed destroyed puerto rican attorney general aided ranking puerto rican doctors investigated work including deaths occurred nearly patients treated found evidence wrongdoing crimes addition superior project conducted close investigation patients died tenure found evidence wrongdoing urged reopen case refused dead long biology professor came letter contacted given letter offensive nature demanded removed award contacted including puerto_rico secretary state ferdinand revival issue generated fresh wave publicity said known controversy commissioned investigation led yale_university said evidence killing patients cancer cells letter remove award agreed conclusion characterized case having deal embarrassment having history catch modern day wrote complicated legacy dusty died cause society promote deny existence provide perspective wrote thought incident institutions media 1930s appropriate credit accomplishments faults sins renamed award stripping honor posthumously indicated new past receive updated plaques representation media self published book entitled case indictment writes topic blog personal website puerto rican political satire comedy group performed parody portraying insane like scientist bent elimination wrote directed dramatic film condemned said loosely based controversy puerto_rico honors legion merit work army trustee awarded honorary science law posthumously awarded award outstanding contributions research established posthumously honor renamed award racism expressed letter
Cornelius P. Rhoads