russian born september soviet official russian politician following dissolution soviet_union served chairman post abolished replaced prime minister responsible cultural economic administration soviet_union late era succeeded premier year lost seat going leading opponent socialist republic presidential election born city ukrainian soviet graduating 1950s started work 1970s began political career local industry working way hierarchy soviet industrial appointed deputy chairman following resignation chairman voted office place tenure supported 1980s reform soviet economy elected december independent subsequently led power people block later formal leader alongside unofficial leader september resigned seat member crisis sanctioned canada united_states march early life career born september ukrainian soviet soviet_union graduated started work rose ranks plant chief engineer factory director joined communist_party soviet_union transferred moscow appointed post deputy minister deputy chairman elected members soviet leadership affiliated faction appointed head responsible overseeing major planning financial organs excluding industry head department reported directly head met week convinced lived years soviet_union seen reform package similar implemented short rule elaborated reform measures face opposition came power chairman elected chairman newly established title chairman largely honorary facto head position deputy chairman candidate member april tenure general secretary succeeded september political events following disaster visited crippled plant orders government evacuated kilometres radius plant radius purely random guess later shown areas contaminated radioactive material left untouched government evacuation agencies aftermath earthquake armenian soviet promised rebuild city years commission established provide guidance local government elected chairman commission travelled assess damage caused earthquake subsequent visit aware local feelings following disaster persuaded sensitive use favor public transport left remained coordinate rescue operation television appearances increased standing soviet leadership people general standing boosted july criticised nearly policies complaining party secretary devote time party end failed promise rebuild partly soviet_union mounting economic problems partly city soviet era buildings designed adequate earthquake protection making reconstruction difficult economic policy historian notes treated reform attempts badly treated time chairman notable soviet economic reform early supporter policy calling increase quantity quality goods planned production period twelfth year plan achieve goals government pumped money machine building sector time went increasingly diverged original stance wanted increase overall investment nearly industrial sectors knew budgetary economic policies better continued advocate increase production consumer goods anti alcohol campaign opposed agreed drive state income campaign went ahead losing soviet government millions revenues opposition campaign strengthened belief placed ideology practical considerations instead advocated alternative long term program designed immediate effect continued work economic reform began drafting law restricted authority central planners later come effect workers high level power chairman failure reform orders replaced supporting transition away planned economy understood weaken government power changes occurred skepticism limited high level government middle low ranking officials owed rise hierarchy government owned enterprises wanted retain existing system blamed economic difficulties arose fostered resentment stated rest soviet leadership discussing possibility creating market economy soviet_union supported creation regulated market economy government sector occupied commanding heights economy creation semi private public companies second cabinet high standing members military establishment supported opposition days programme espoused quick transition market economy matters improve second session proposed transition market economy suggesting period government activities ensure period economic reform plan hybrid created conjunction chaired government institutions july established replaced reform commission new commission chaired appointed deputy chairman strong support abolished economic department strengthening authority central government economic matters government blamed economic policies initiated party leadership establishment post president soviet_union weakened power government apparatus second cabinet opposed price reform according swedish economist differed little came price reform subtle differences men views supporting controlled price increase radical economist supported market reform opposed measures noted supported need greater fiscal responsibility advocated need rational prices according brought inflation control proposed price reform measures times turned occasions argued strongly need price reform speeches strengthened public image accusing soviet leadership conservative faction delaying implementation necessary price reform backing high standing institutions chaired future soviet premier contrast actually according plan transition market economy hand able turn words deeds increasingly sided advocated fiscal responsibility 19th conference severely criticised accused economic conference delegates agreed support remained solid ordered deliver report december things turned financial stability agenda disliked report rejected requests support forced create conservative reform plan price reform postponed report proposed majority delegates indirectly attacked came implementation price reform april submitting draft price reform initiated short later hold following severe criticism intellectuals economic turmoil hit soviet_union blamed delayed proposed reform memoirs asserts single price increase better things improve 28th party congress claimed absurd begin economic reform price increases fall power august leading officials tried persuade force resign post bow pressure fearing removal lead increased activity pro republican members numerous supporters concerned policy issues backed simply opposed economic political reforms july underwent restructuring 28th party congress government officials deputy general secretary excluded losing seat default elected member october vote forced resignation cabinet implementation days programme stark contrast soviet_union support economic reform plan increased economic reform plan passed overwhelming majority deputies favour deputies parliamentary vote confidence government failed members favour cabinet resignation result propaganda war launched supporters leading members urged resign soviet government reach compromise matters worse headed stopped following orders refused visit moscow plan days programme broadly similar supporting price main difference desire retain social security system free education strong central government apparatus days programme mention political union soviet instead weakened authority central government establishing market economy words left question continuing soviet_union open september meeting soviet_union openly supported days programme claiming lead capitalism instead mixed economy private enterprise played important role december suffered heart attack recovery soviet_union dissolved replaced headed minister finance law change passed december new structure implemented january took prime minister soviet_union election prime minister acted chairman reorganisation government subordinate presidency weakening head government hold economic policy contrast view little reason remove argues good reasons replace given support reduced opposition saw conservative politics post soviet russia recovering heart attack early stood communist candidate election president socialist republic election june gained votes equal electorate beat decisively vice presidential candidate soviet war veteran led soviet military final stages war afghanistan votes came countryside hoped win voters increasingly result leadership supported candidacy legislative campaign defended tenure chairman claiming russians far worse capitalism soviet communism russian channel broadcast debate featuring liberal politician strongly supported economic reforms election elected independent candidate elected headed power people communist faction nationalist tendencies power people came merger supporters people union headed policies left wing included revival soviet_union introduction planned economy state involvement economy promotion nationalism patriotism presidential election endorsed communist_party candidate presidency founders led alliance nationalists known elected chairman faction formal leaders unofficial leader september entered representative subsequently resigning seat currently serves chairman member chairman russian armenian commission inter parliamentary cooperation sanctions march following status referendum list individuals sanctioned members russian leadership inner circle sanctions freeze assets holds ban entering united_states march added european_union sanctions list role crisis barred entering countries assets frozen awards decorations orders awarded order red banner labour twice order october revolution order merit 4th class september outstanding contribution strengthening russian state years work monument recognition significant personal contribution reconstruction armenia earthquake erected awarded highest state decoration armenia awarded wise 5th class outstanding contribution development russian ukrainian cooperation occasion 75th birthday september russian president awarded diploma president october decorations awarded include order patriotic war 1st class medal commemoration anniversary moscow medal commemoration anniversary jubilee medal commemoration 100th anniversary birth order order holy prince daniel moscow 2nd class state prize ussr creation implementation complex demonstration unique block structures engineering team creation implementation high slab continuous casting machines steel curved type complexes high power team
Nikolai Ryzhkov