ibn arabic commonly known grandfather distinguished arab nobleman general early notable leading failed rebellion east distinguished family tribal nobility played minor role second served governor appointment governor iraq eastern provinces relations iraqi nobility quickly strained appointed commander huge iraqi army called army subdue troublesome ruler vigorously resisted arab expansion campaign behaviour caused army rebel agreement army started march iraq way mutiny developed fledged anti rebellion initially retreated rebels superior numbers quickly defeated drove rebels seized supporters started revolt gained widespread support regime especially religious scholars known readers tried negotiate terms including dismissal rebel leadership pressured rejecting terms subsequent battle rebel army decisively defeated syrian troops pursued survivors fled east rebels captured governor fled fate unclear accounts hold long pressure surrender executed sources claim committed suicide avoid handed enemies suppression revolt signalled end power tribal nobility iraq henceforth came direct control regime loyal syrian troops later revolts ibn failed success revolution syrian dominance iraq broken life origin early career descendant noble family kinda tribe grandfather better known nickname hair important submitted muhammad rebelled wars defeated pardoned married sister went participate crucial battles early muslim conquests instrumental forcing ali abandon military advantage submit arbitration later led quarter died father muhammad far distinguished serving unsuccessful tenure governor involved second supporter killed campaign like father sources ambiguous role held responsible arrests muslim ibn mother daughter ibn brothers fought campaigns according young accompanied father participated political activities revealed hiding place muslim ibn authorities fought campaign father killed reportedly executed persuaded ibn execute captured followers revenge disappears record years ibn defeated killed ibn october like followers apparently went early brother command campaign threatening retreated far larger army led went governorship appointment iraq appointed trusted capable new governor iraq crucial post given region rule expanded cover entirety eastern including entrusted horsemen campaign rebels ibn large group benefited tactical skill inflicted number defeats forces advised general ibn pursued displayed great caution order avoid falling trap result governor ibn wrote criticizing leadership responded giving command attacked army suffered heavy defeat losing men fleeing killed lost horse managed escape help friend reached journey remained hiding granted pardon despite setback relations friendly initially son married sisters gradually men estranged sources attribute pride foremost tribal nobility aspirations leadership records adopted title faithful implicit challenge implied false believers addition claimed figure south arab tribal tradition expected raise domination hostile remarks look walks like cut head conveyed served hostility outright mutual hatred according reports indicative arabic sources tendency explain historical events incidents relating persons actual relationship men especially given fact served number posts culminating appointment lead clear quickly unpopular general series measures according rebellion introduction syrian troops dynasty iraq use iraqi troops campaigns reduction iraqi troops pay level syrian troops campaign rebellion governor ibn suffered severe defeat semi independent ruler known drew arabs deep country cut managed great difficulty suffering losses particularly contingent response sent iraqi army east equipment allusion proud manner soldiers composed army known history different generals appointed succession command appointed instead view bad relations sources report appointment came surprise uncle approached suggested nephew revolt appointment suggests relied fear inspired check modern scholarship hand holds portrayal great personal animosity men likely exaggerated unclear joined army outset according alternative tradition sent punish local leader refused help governors taking leadership army led united local troops rejected peace offer marked contrast predecessor direct assault began systematic campaign secure surrounding mountainous heart kingdom slowly captured villages fortresses installing garrisons linking task withdrew bust spend winter received messages informing break operations replied described series arrogant offensive messages ordering penetrate heart fight enemy death called assembly army leadership informed orders immediate advance decision refuse obey went assembled troops repeated instructions calling decide troops clearly resented prospect long difficult campaign far iraq denounced proclaiming deposed swore allegiance instead brothers governor ibn refused join rebellion hastily concluded agreement victorious coming conflict accord generous treatment defeated provide refuge rear secure left representatives army set return journey iraq picking soldiers stationed garrisons way time army reached clear revolt evolved mutiny blown anti uprising troops oath reasons rebellion source discussion theories modern scholars moving away personal relationship suggested rebellion linked efforts non arab converts islam secure equal rights arab muslims rejected view main source revolt seeing instead reaction general particular syrian regime represented notably low born scholars seen manifestation tribal northern arab southern arab tribal groups prevalent time poem certain celebration rebellion shows religious tribal motivation rebel troops denounced friend devil portrayed champion tribes northern arab hand points insufficient evidence purely tribal motivations revolt movement led largely simply reflects fact dominant element main commander analysis rejected evident religious dimension revolt especially participation known readers religious sides found contexts appear specific religious grievances notably accusation ritual prayer clear revolt began simple mutiny governor impossible demands troops time army reached religious element emerged represented given close interaction religion politics early muslim society points religious element quickly dominant seen difference oath allegiance sworn beginning revolt exchanged army declared intention enemy god men defend book god prophet error fight regard blood prophet remained head uprising writes point impression control revolt slipped hands comments urged spite banished spirits called came rushing sweeping thing interpretation different rhetoric actions followers reported sources ready willing compromise continued fight alternative great mass followers motivated discontent regime religious terms far willing carry struggle death aware distinction suppressing revolt pardoned arab clans executed tens thousands marshes sided rebels fight control iraq informed revolt requested reinforcements unable stop advance rebel army reported numbered cavalry infantry january overwhelmed advance guard news defeat withdrew possibly hold city left nearby entered february month series skirmishes fought forces generally held upper hand finally early march armies met pitched battle initially prevailed end ibn carried victory rebels fell especially forcing withdraw taking troops cavalry found citadel occupied ibn officer forced assault lieutenant tried unable hold city populace opened gates exchange pardon days withdrew follow forces arrival large numbers anti volunteers taking control executing people despite pledge pardon marched april army harassed cavalry reached city set camp right bank secure lines communication syria response left army reportedly strong approached army set camp armies fortified camps digging trenches engaged skirmishes true numbers force difficult position army considerably outnumbered rebels reinforcements syria constantly arriving position difficult resupply provisions meantime progress sufficiently alarmed court sought negotiated settlement despite contrary advice sent brother muhammad son envoys proposing dismissal appointment governor iraqi towns raise pay received inclined accept radical followers especially refused believing offered terms revealed government weakness pushed outright victory negotiations failing armies continued skirmish sources report lasted days engagements lasted september armies met battle initially held upper hand prevailed end shortly sun set men broke scattered failing rally troops handful followers fled took farewell family comments contrast discipline organisation largely syrian support lack qualities opponents spite religious flavour opposition recurring pattern civil wars period victorious entered tried executed rebels pardoned submitted admitting revolt meantime supporters ibn recaptured headed ibn captured remained month setting meet armies met river weeks delivered final blow launching simultaneous attack rebel camp sides main army attacked portion army guided shepherd crossed marshes launched camp rear caught surprise rebel army nearly annihilated rebels drowning river attempt flee death following renewed defeat fled east survivors sent troops ibn intercept caught twice men managed fight refused entry agent arrested bust true word came bust forced release taking treating honour assumed command supporters assembled meantime support seized punished faced approach troops ibn followers urged hopefully able recruit followers sit attacks died political situation changed pressure group men defected returned follow rebels remained choosing leader soon confronted defeated local governor ibn released belonged tribes related sent rest executed meantime quickly effected surrender offering terms garrisons surrendered struggle remained safe protection fearing raise revolt sent letters mixing threats promises secure surrender finally gave exchange lifting annual tribute years accounts end differ version holds executed died illness head cut sent widespread account holds confined remote castle anticipation warden threw castle warden death aftermath failure revolt led control iraq founded permanent garrison syrian troops situated regardless social status deprived real power governance region coupled reform salary system hitherto salary calculated based role ancestors early muslim conquests limited actively participating campaigns army composed measure injured interests regarded attack institutions addition extensive land irrigation works undertaken lower iraq limited proceeds went clients iraqi nobility result political power mighty soon broken rebelled ibn old style iraqi champions support ambivalent revolt defeated supported rebellion remained content role local dignitaries held posts early famous family later members philosopher uprising ibn ali broke promising right restoration distribution revenue end distant campaigns restore rule according deserted critical moment defeated discontent government continued revolution iraq rose support rebellion rule welcomed army october followed immediately proclamation
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath