atlantic hurricane season atlantic hurricane season severe hurricanes struck louisiana gulf_coast united_states period seven weeks season effectively began august formation tropical cyclone produced seven known tropical storms hurricanes dissipation known system october seven storms strong considered hurricanes modern day saffir attained category status attained category major hurricane strength hurricane strongest winds pressure peak winds miles hour barometric pressure inhg contemporary discovered previously unknown tropical cyclones affect land hurricanes known existed landfall louisiana causing severe damage hurricanes strike gulf_coast august september respectively caused significant low lying coastal communities inflicting severe damage killing dozens people cases flood waters deep center destruction shifted slightly storm sugar cane crops destroyed systems succeeding storm early october property infrastructure suffered events storm landfall extreme winds city new_orleans surrounding areas storms remained away land effects shipping prior advent modern tropical cyclone tracking technology notably satellite imagery hurricanes affect land directly went unnoticed storms affect land recognized landfall result information older hurricane seasons incomplete modern day efforts ongoing reconstruct tracks known hurricanes identify initially storms cases evidence hurricane existed reports ships path judging direction winds experienced ships location relation storm possible roughly storm center circulation given point time manner seven known storms season identified hurricane expert hurricane seasons extended known tracks hurricanes previously identified scholars information colleague uncovered largely adopted atlantic hurricane updates atlantic hurricane database slight adjustments official source hurricane data track intensity available records time storms existed listings storms incomplete peak maximum sustained winds based reports available exist storm estimated minimum central barometric air pressure listings present storms landfall united_states storms moved inland information meteorological dissipation limited result intensity storms landfall dissipation based inland decay model developed predict deterioration inland hurricanes storms hurricane known storm season strongest listed hurricane database having formed august offshore west coast florida peninsula possible hurricane related heavy gale encountered ship august voyage havana cuba new_york_city cyclone drifted southwest days gradually intensifying attain strength corresponding category major hurricane status modern day saffir simpson hurricane scale beginning august hurricane slowly curved north gained easterly component movement peak intensity maximum sustained winds mph midday coming ashore oblique angle storm crossed coast modern louisiana traversed storm landfall mississippi early august hurricane quickly weakened continued inland turned east likely deteriorating tropical storm status southern georgia hurricane database utilize tropical depression status storms listed maintaining tropical storm intensity crossed southeastern august western atlantic_ocean ship reports vicinity system indicate regained strength open waters persisted couple days disappeared records storm conditions battered new_orleans louisiana august winds roughly mph heavy rainfall hurricane wrought great deal damage southeastern louisiana people drowned low lying community eastern end inundated flood waters depth feet result intense persistent winds generating significant storm surge reported town hardly house remaining railroad wharf near lake largely destroyed settlement called flooded residents rescued boat parish vast areas land left underwater hurricane severe additional people drowned suspected fishermen mississippi_river extreme difficulty finding shelter amid rapidly rising waters death toll likely substantially higher storm flattened fields parish knowing ones thousand sugar according post storm account monetary losses destruction totaled rice corn crops ruined head cattle drowned flood known ominous weather conditions night august preceded onset gathering clouds violent storm characterized building seas rain wind water driven roof leaving dry spot lay heads sea water town overnight august noon storm let waters shift winds property damage widespread trees blown hurricane beached destroyed inflicted losses hardly estimated initially judged lives lost storm track mississippi experienced gale beginning morning august lasting early morning tides ran average mobile alabama residents found wind driven rain cracks known exist dwellings ordinary showers waters rose cause minor nearly severity occurred areas heavy storm conditions extended far east pensacola florida rain fell accompanied frequent thunder lightning overall death toll hurricane hurricane week dissipation system tropical storm formed east florida august storm tracked generally northeastward roughly paralleling east_coast united_states peaked sustained winds mph august winds category hurricane saffir simpson hurricane scale continuing general direction hurricane began weaken shortly attaining peak intensity official data point storm places east new_england august hurricane modern day reconstructed path based reports ships area august vessel encountered storm sustained damage day later heavy southeasterly gale left vessel sinking condition captain crew rescued crew hurricane second storm discovered contemporary identified based meteorological reports single ship experienced northeast gale shifting northwest september given intensity winds cyclone estimated category hurricane nearly complete lack information system track unknown exception single set coordinates southeast newfoundland hurricane hurricane middle september affected areas northern coast gulf_of_mexico august hurricane detected evening september southeastern gulf track far actual storms movement lack available information data point hurricane database lists possessing sustained winds mph placing category intensity saffir simpson hurricane scale storm followed broad northward curve central gulf mexico making landfall louisiana night september continued north northeast dissipating september louisiana directly hurricane path suffered heavily consequence storm lasted afternoon friday september late saturday morning local reports indicate heavy rain large hail fell association cyclone nearly structure destroyed buildings initial winds swept away ensuing killed people location parish residents hardest hit communities forced wade safety cases water shoulder high northerly winds drove water built northeasterly winds southward small fishing resort towns southern bank lake sheds section lake destroyed people drowned flood waters covered lower parish hurricane drove ships including steamer galveston ashore article published contrasted hurricane cyclone august noting storms similar intensity september system long location played significant role august swamps nearly dry waters lake found natural outlet yesterday swamp water rose streets covered railroad track distance new_orleans proper heavy rain gusty winds reported flooding observed worst damage hurricane likely occurred coastline altered lighthouse swept sea hotel collapsed amid disaster killing person loose debris covered town mississippi sea rose storm years nearby wharf totally destroyed initial estimates placed total damage area storm severe mobile alabama majority million losses lost cotton stored flooded water reportedly rose minutes tropical storm fifth known storm year cyclone identified post season forming september north puerto_rico efforts piece wind observations ships reveal track curved northwest passing midway bermuda heading northeast based available information cyclone estimated remained tropical storm intensity entire existence noted southeast new_england september hurricane final hurricane known existed prior formed south central gulf mexico describes storm gulf_coast reconstruction track south including intensification possible ship reports particular schooner coast yucatán_peninsula encountered stormy conditions september southeasterly winds driven northward gulf storm moved north days reaching peak winds mph early october likely landfall noon october passing west new_orleans weakening tropical storm moving central mississippi strong winds new_orleans lasted hours new_orleans area hit harder prior storms strike gulf_coast densely populated areas located eastern storm intense residents parish louisiana reported storm worst wind event experienced coinciding beginning annual season sugar production storm destroyed vast fields sugar cane south southwest new_orleans flattened sheds store farming equipment winds region south central louisiana inflicted destruction causing major structural damage reported nearly impossible walk streets city height storm winds came rain thirteen people died hurricane new_orleans story brick building succumbed force hurricane crashed city caught path buildings particular incident killed people buildings suffered damaged roofs broken glass telegraph police wires brought easterly winds created storm surge inundated eastern northern areas new_orleans dynamics flood considered unprecedented having come mississippi_river flood waters rose early october slowly began western northwestern shore lake flooded depth track washed numerous families residents near railroad forced leave homes seek shelter onset rising waters numerous coal boats sunk experienced severe hurricane strike years countless trees uprooted mississippi crop damage continued prevalence going north saw highest winds town tornado hurricane struck west previous gale winds extended eastward pensacola hurricane seven final known storm season existed late october followed roughly track tropical storm forming southwestern atlantic basin curving northward bermuda track known october october recognized subsequent determined attained category hurricane intensity based reports ships data point places southeast nova scotia early october hurricane thought threat shipping interests numerous ships encountered dangerous conditions association cyclone vessels sustained significant damage experienced winds violence mast broken cap blown pieces ship thrown beam ends
1860 Atlantic hurricane season