established june signed law president july purpose ensure country nurses care citizens home abroad world war non program allowed native americans african americans relocated japanese americans participate corps supervised duty train young women nurses war program open women ages good health graduated high school successful applicants eligible government paying tuition books uniforms exchange required pledge actively serve essential civilian federal government services duration world war state nursing schools eligible participate program needed agency state connected hospital approved cadet nurses came united_states backgrounds joined wanted nurses free education joined country needed attrition rates cadets comparable reported nursing schools period corps largest federal nurse training programs allowed young women serve country uniform discrimination credited cadet student nurses helping prevent collapse civilian nursing war unique feature program accelerated training nursing schools required traditional nursing program months months schools nursing country participated program corps operated period student nurses enrolled program graduated participating nursing schools enrollment included african americans native americans japanese americans federal government spent nursing program critical shortage nurses world war fulfilled congressional mandate process positively influenced way future nurses educated trained united_states history background nurses short supply united_states entered world war july meeting organized discuss role nursing play wartime attendance included representatives nursing organizations federal agencies involved nursing gathering resulted formation council acts survey nursing resources schools country determined nurses eligible military service found nursing schools ill equipped expand housing capabilities response council urged federal government appropriate public funds support nursing education subsequent fiscal years federal government partially funded education students nursing schools initiative inactive nurses received courses graduated nurses received training end students enrolled nursing schools meet country need point clear nurses trained quickly abreast civilian military needs need additional federal aid recruitment nurses apparent navy called new nurses month fiscal year supporters nurse training programs recommended doubling federal aid basic nursing education fiscal year representative ohio advocate nursing supported proposed increase federal aid told congress expansion nursing schools needed following year creation program march introduced bill provide training nurses armed forces government civilian hospitals health agencies war industries grants institutions providing training act stated nurses trained funding body amendment senate prohibited discrimination race creed color nurse training act called act passed unanimously congress june public law july established supervise program appointed registered nurse director corps woman head division shortly nurse training act passed surgeon general sent lengthy telegram outlining program nursing schools united_states puerto_rico followed applications instructions sent mail hawaii nursing schools eligible program war zone alaska nursing schools time regulations required interested nursing schools state connected hospital approved hospital equal standards maintain adequate facilities personnel provide adequate clinical experience basic services medicine surgery provide maintenance senior cadet nurses arrange requested transfer federal hospitals provide satisfactory living facilities adequate health service students provide accelerated program restrict hours practice standards adopted evaluate participating schools issuing regulations surgeon general said schools nursing free select students plan policies consistent act traditions institution concerned partnership job institutions students federal security administrator required law appoint advisory committee federal nurse training programs committee appointed nurse training act consisted people nursing related fields drawn parts country place committee met designated federal officials formulated regulations necessary carry act agreed rules approved published committee responsible naming new program student war nursing reserve considered rejected favor time nurse training act passed congress involved world war nearly years shortage nurses existed home abroad open women ages good health graduated high school marriage subject guidelines successful applicants eligible government paid tuition books uniforms living exchange student cadets required pledge actively serve essential civilian federal government services duration world war state schools nursing eligible participate program school required apply individually nursing schools country participated purposes program traditional month nurse training program accelerated month program senior nursing students required work month period federal non federal hospital health agency return federal government pay schools related tuition fees students recruitment groups created plan recruitment cadet nursing students broad scope attract maximum number potential applicants shortest time primary target high school graduate college girls recruited selling point program cadets obtain free education proud profession provide essential service country appeals join corps reached newspaper magazine readers millions radio listeners movie patrons country pleas thousand speeches car boards billboards million corporations donated worth advertising space technical services program year media sources lacked advertising corps example sponsored page advertisement life magazine january way serve country war job future proposed young women qualify cadet nurse lucky girls lucky different ways ads promised free training pay room board gray uniforms gray uniforms sold slogan summer winter hard wear pride applicants assured wear feminine dances time dating produced short film promote starring films directed minute film exhibited theaters recruitment events story choice young makes nurse training military nursing service cast includes recruitment centers established participating nursing schools recruiting volunteers information opportunities offered corps potential candidates state local nursing councils organizations associations volunteers aided recruitment effort nursing students projected registered program fiscal year year enrollment enrollment period registered exceeding estimate enrollment period students admitted final class program result non provision african americans native americans japanese americans enrolled corps uniforms official outdoor uniforms distinctive summer winter summer uniform consisted piece gray white striped cotton suit gray winter uniform gray single jacket suit skirt gray gray montgomery worn uniforms winter uniform designs created professional designers introduced fashion new_york_city august thirty fashion editors judged uniform montgomery resembling worn british general winners uniform heralded attractive women served world war provided strong incentive young women join corps official outdoor uniforms exception gloves shoes supplied cadets institution enrolled students paid items indoor uniforms varied school school purchased school federal grants models recruiting corps wore available cadet uniforms issued cadets insignia patch worn left shoulder uniforms student nurse uniform official school nursing official insignia worn jacket present silver buttons montgomery insignia worn beneath spread eagle american shield training key feature program accelerated training participating schools nursing required traditional nursing program months months bound provide students clinical experiences medical surgical students senior cadets months graduation requiring serve federal civilian hospital rendered time service equivalent graduate nurse months service cadets protected regulation working hours week junior cadets typically worked hours week including classes senior cadets free classes nursing modified regulations agree accelerated program quality standards educational systems cadets trained varied considerably nursing schools hospital administrators government officials assured federally training nurses conform minimum standards rule making powers surgeon general issued regulations schools appropriate agency schools nursing state territory connected hospital approved maintained standards nursing equivalent required college rural schools nursing major hospital clinical unit meet standards require admission graduation high school maintain educational staff adequate provide satisfactory instruction supervision provide adequate clinical experience basic services medicine surgery provide balanced schedules organized instruction experience study provide adequate equipped class rooms laboratories libraries necessary facilities program provide satisfactory living facilities health service students institutions offering degrees nursing appropriate nursing agency universities colleges curriculum include units instruction necessary conform accepted practices basic nursing education arranged entire program combined study practice completed months standards guide evaluating school facilities meet requirements specified congressional hearings emphasized schools regardless location size allowed participate cadet nurse program educational tested standards actual conditions possible schools achieve adjustments certain schools setting lower standards judged criteria included qualifications number personnel clinical facilities weekly schedule hours health guidance programs borderline schools produced small percentage total cadet force educational traveled thousands miles wrote thousands letters provided support services monitoring standards approved schools nursing cadet nurses cadet nurses came economic backgrounds joined wished nurses education joined temporary world war service cadets shared accepted pledge serve contributed nursing services nation needed cadet pledge moment induction aware obligations assume country chosen profession follow teachings instructors guidance physicians work hold trust finest traditions nursing spirit corps body strong mind alert heart kind tolerant understanding forever triumph life death cadet nurse pledge county service essential nursing duration war cadet pledge considered statement intention binding contract attrition rate cadets comparable reported schools nursing period main cause married students withdrew husbands released military hostilities ceased failed studies left health reasons left realities nursing career largest federal nurse training programs allowed young women serve country uniform discrimination influenced way nurses educated trained united_states credited cadet student nurses helping prevent collapse civilian nursing care commended replacing graduate nurses enlisted armed forces world war end corps following surrender japan august president set october final date new student allowing orderly transition important wartime activity time students training admitted fall final term student nurses providing country nursing care civilian hospitals nursing schools contacted participated program operational included enrollment periods fall terms term second final term time student nurses enrolled program graduated participating nursing schools federal government spent nurse training act administration uniforms maintenance tuition fees end program records participating schools nursing field assigned district office covered schools area work field resulted recovery funds january appeared said opinion country received increasingly receive substantial returns investment measure loss country civilian nursing service collapsed measure cost failure normandy
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