july october argentine lawyer leaders revolution started argentine war independence led ill fated military campaign born buenos_aires went school real san buenos_aires city argentina graduated lawyer cousin introduced public administration rio planned revolution replace absolute monarchy new ideas age enlightenment led buenos_aires patriots revolution ended removal power known speaker revolution speech open held buenos_aires appointed committee member sent end counter revolution succeeded ordered execution supporters commanded establishment revolutionary government today aim freeing indigenous peoples african slaves signed truce spanish betrayed caught unprepared result suffered major loss june returned buenos_aires imprisoned losing battle died shortly tongue cancer biography early life studies born buenos_aires children born venetian doctor relative trained shortly expulsion attended real san buenos_aires customary children family ordained chosen sent study influenced works especially fellow student men later influence public life south_america including focused studying philosophy theology father died abandoned career felt strong rejecting mother proposal sending study spain enrolled studies alongside cousin enrolled modern learned ongoing french revolution new ideas age enlightenment learned rebellion oppression indigenous peoples influenced actions future campaign returning buenos_aires visited witnessed use slave labor mines returned buenos_aires established legal firm family home represented causes uncle associations met befriended brother associate married seven children angela political steps intellectuals received secretly distributed copy declaration rights man citizen french revolution returned studies europe appointed perpetual secretary new shared similar ideas spanish trade monopoly rights natives attempted appoint interim secretary assistant faced strong opposition merchants delayed appointment ill stay europe forced extended leaves work wanted successor resigned similar opposition election delegates elected rejected merchants associated port conflict lasted year prominent local merchant wrote memorandum recommending finally confirmed office royal decree rejected post high workload seen insult merchants influential backed pair projects arrived spain proposed creation patriotic literary economic society lodge publication newspaper newspaper published buenos_aires named projects short lived lodge established activities banned royal decree instructed withdraw support newspaper closed published secretary publication telegraph journal advance concept speak inhabitants released new newspaper shortly staff editorial staff meetings house discussing ideas technical improvements agriculture removal trade restrictions development manufacturing topics newspaper published biographies founding fathers united_states british invasions introduced claimed represent british_empire support proposals published aimed latin american colonies actually british spy gathering information spanish colonies bearing promises british support created native secret society organized purposes henceforth known party independence included major contributors newspaper spy eventually discovered expelled disclosed unaware associates moved farm modern buenos_aires neighborhood farm agriculture fields small brick factory lived influential people like attorney meetings secret society continued unaffected departure june mother died mourning city learned british landing party independence caught surprise invasion british proclaimed respect religion ownership order freedom trade mention concerning ideals arranged interview british asking promises standing asked british government support attempt gave answers saying instructions effect explained recent death prime minister rise liberals power needed orders understood british force annex city british_empire resigned avoid swearing allegiance britain liberated buenos_aires short time later helped escape hoping influence eventual second invasion implement reforms supported second british invasion ended patriot hopes british support fought allies successful defense city local increased political power higher military role dispute newly appointed led attempted advantage new situation influence support accusing aiding escape kept military bodies armed napoleon invaded spain starting war king spain favor son ferdinand vii napoleon captured appointed brother king spain instead series transfers spanish crown known spanish people organized government resist french occupation months claimed supreme authority spain colonies situation encouraged princess charlotte spain claim regency spanish american colonies context plotted constitute local government similar project shared natives head proposed alternative support plans princess charlotte supported held ideas argued project practical means achieving independence spain circumstances september wrote letter charlotte signatures charlotte rejected support party independence sought establish constitutional monarchy headed charlotte preferred retain power monarchy consequently denounced letter organized detention letters charged high treason lawyer won doctrine sovereignty people claimed spanish american lands personal possession spanish colony approach old districts context argued power spain rightful king authority said people spain bring indies obedience premises argued successfully regency offered sister captive king denying legitimacy ferdinand vii act treason legitimate political project resolved spanish american people intervention spanish january rallied battalions plaza attempted mutiny laid hopes independence attempt battalions faithful regiment battalions remaining ones conquered plaza ordered forces withdraw supported accusing sought remove opposed reasons hoping maintaining social dominance opposed interests deposed defeated power increased banished spanish militias attempted coup disbanded new arrived july replace group agree react proposed resumption idea creating governing headed spanish insisted plan appoint charlotte regent constitutional monarchy proposed military coup head finally accepted perspective delayed taking action better opportunity revolution news fall arrived group headed led process leading revolution important leaders time discarded plan expel coup état discussions decided request open emergency popular assembly negotiated senior nobleman convinced needed permission rodriguez went office fort previously denied support premise disappearance appointed longer right hold position outraged appearance came armed appointment reacted harshly demanded immediate reply request open brief private conversation prosecutor gave consent leaving personal safety said lord person family americans interview returned house inform supporters new situation known speaker revolution great activity week memoirs witnesses participants mention venues taking activities negotiated visited fort times gave pressure time held secret meetings house planning actions militias barracks describing events called interested novelty revolution open held debated continue office replace opinion held continue spain conquered france meant rule americas counter argument based doctrine sovereignty people employed defense insisted absence legitimate authority sovereignty returned people govern idea dismissing ultimately prevailed buenos_aires authority decide new form government elect provisional government congress deputies called cities final decision disputes exercise provisional government argued proposal form decisive vote appointment adding sought add supporters power allowed perform maneuver anticipated approved end rule formed president stay power members priest merchant bulk natives rejected proposal accept remain power different title suspicious intentions believed little achieved resigned day pressure force resign came power night gathered home rodriguez compiled list members governing presented armed men occupied plaza access points list included balance representatives different local politics finally reported longer command assumed power led radical positions close friends visiting daily described associates sharing projects deep political social economic revolution based higher freedom spanish american described pragmatic men willing reward allies punish enemies revolution meant capital called comparing actions reign terror french revolution similarities revolutions france buenos_aires largely superficial steps expulsion judges shipped spain pretext lives danger execution hearing news change government prepared counter revolution city routed militia captured leaders couple skirmishes initial orders send buenos_aires capture decided execute decision taken resolution signed members priest consent death penalty measure found strong popular resistance governor popular execution priest leader counter revolution rejected decided carry original orders transferred prisoners buenos_aires order excluded bishop banished instead commissioned enforce execution order said hope weakness general fulfilled determination finally necessary demoted assistants elected secretary client campaign doctor head escort right finding prisoners ordered presided execution governor governor adviser execution took place boundary bishop shot compelled spiritual assistance convicted witness execution commissioned execute verdict shooting returned briefly buenos_aires met secretary war congratulated conduct appointed member representing power direct operations left series instructions government hands patriots earn native support shoot president governor case capture received similar orders capture execute defeated rebels revolution rebellion similar revolution took place modern instructed rescue draft soldiers command left buenos_aires suppress revolutions suspicious soldiers disarmed sent prisoners mines supervision soldiers died month work mines campaign upper peru received popular san despite formal good reception difficulty obtaining troops food money guns took political leadership expedition displacing replaced colonel informed revolted support threatened royalist forces intercepted letter governor executed support letter mentioned royalist army led marching advanced defeated sent men cannon strengthen forces reinforcements achieved victory battle allowed patriots control unopposed men sent eventually lead years later richest cities open called withdraw territory military strength prevail santa fled received requesting locals swear allegiance requested royalist generals submit arrangements operation capture carried exclusively surviving members mines incorporated honors executed plaza claimed died happy spanish flag hand safe royalist land jail participation revolution escaped join ranks army knew background appointed secretary set government presided change regime entire region planned reorganization reform proclaimed end native slavery natives granted political rights equal forbade establishment new parishes avoid common practice guise spreading christian doctrine natives forced religious orders authorized free trade land workers mills decree published spanish established bilingual schools indian chiefs participated anniversary revolution celebrated paid tribute ancient encouraged people rise spanish despite welcome aware aristocracy supported auxiliary army fear instead genuine support november requested authorization military operation cross river border control cities argued urgent rise economy depended largely districts lost power area main royalist stronghold threatened plan rejected risky complied original orders december banished decision sent approval vocal domingo business associations arranged act arguing influenced accusations support began decline mainly favourable treatment natives determined opposition church attacked public secretary buenos_aires compared leader reign terror french revolution abolished mandatory form public service bordered slavery wished end resigned point buenos_aires disputes worsened requested moderate actions went ahead positions shared officers chaplain sergeant major planned kidnap deliver buenos_aires trial command army north juan accept plan informed conspirators attempt carry knew resignation wrote letter asking defeated planned march buenos_aires letter sent common postal service decided send instead members ousted exiled point order proceed facto truce attack army tried turn situation formal agreement imply recognition legitimate agreed sign armistice days allow time agreement actually time reinforce army june truce effect advanced royalist troop attacked positions declared truce broken declared war peru royalist army crossed june starting army waited near plains patriotic left wing commanded faced bulk royalist forces center hit soldiers patriotic soldiers recruited surrendered fled recruits switched sides battle helped ensure defeat refusing join conflict casualties substantial left disbanded pursued fleeing patriots captured victory inhabitants welcomed army quickly leave provinces resistance prevented proceeding buenos_aires moved post received orders return buenos_aires trial time notified new orders issued confined took charge deposed soon left buenos_aires confined san_juan commenced governing required return buenos_aires found political isolation newspaper blamed defeat sought punishment supporters divided supported ideas longer able help suffered tongue cancer long trial progressively difficult speak died october trial underway legacy largely ignored historiography argentina historians focus instead disputes described passing supporter despite role revolution clear leader revolution instead result convergence diverse factions shared desire remove different historians highlight different specific factions largely ignored support indigenous rights ongoing issue country religious ideas strongly affect way perceived notable biography spanish champion written increased public awareness historical novel spanish revolution eternal dream famous wrote chapter book argentina moved television documentary film argentina
Juan José Castelli