line line norwegian kilometer long railway line norway branch line runs valley connects mainline line elevation difference meters stations tunnels bridge maximum gradient percent steep gradient picturesque nature exclusively tourist service visited tourist attraction norway construction line started line opening allowed district access bergen oslo electric traction taken use locomotives train connected ferry service freight services terminated low ticket prices high operating costs line nearly closed took marketing ticket sale line prices heavily increased locomotives introduced trains remain operated norwegian state railways line owned operated route line runs station located mountain pass meters mean sea level located meters line maximum gradient percent kilometers line kilometers percent gradient line standard gauge minimum curve radius meters standard gauge railway europe maximum permitted speed upwards mph mph downhill line stops tunnels bridge line electrified overhead wire equipped mobile communications railway lacks centralized traffic control infrastructure owned operated line runs direction trains oslo immediately starts running downwards valley line runs snow shelters short tunnels located kilometers meters line runs curve meter long exits tunnel artificial shelf cliff falls meters located kilometers meters elevation followed kilometers meters serves purpose allowing tourists look line runs meter long longest line end tunnel lies traditionally serving farm valley station kilometers meters valley site year line runs meter long reaches kilometers meters railway crosses river runs series short tunnels kilometers line reaches located meters station passing loop location line trains meet station lacks crossing performed flags day night set personnel travel railway crosses river time river running tunnel tracks station located kilometers meters reaching tunnel meter long tunnel line passes meter vertical drop line main attractions located kilometers meters elevation valley widens changes character vegetation passing station kilometers meters elevation line reaches terminus located branch residents nearly exclusively tourist area featuring things hotel cruise ship port station railway museum dedicated history planning plans build railway connect norway largest cities oslo bergen launched proposed line run include short branch lines connect major systems area narrow gauge bergen opened completed standard gauge construction path ran upgraded allow access area connected opened country railway open electric traction engineering surveys performed resulted proposal narrow gauge railway kilometers long railway built railway percent gradient rack railway gradient percent time estimated cost million norwegian nok radically different route proposed kilometer long line estimated cost nok million considered local politicians inferior alternative alternative combined built estimated cost nok concerned proposal light rolling stock sufficient operate snow winter estimated traffic annual passengers alternatives discarded consensus gradually grew alternative recommended proposal new plans criticized mix rack railway instead proposed conventional line way traveled study combined railways published preliminary report recommended railway felt need detailed study rack railway final report finished recommended pointed line capacity smaller predicted costs times high nok million plans approved main board plans approved parliament decision concerning technical specifications taken parliament decided line electric line estimated cost nok million increase caused inflation world war nok million paid local governments line tracks weighed kilograms meter curve radius set minimum meters exceptionally meters permitted permitted gradient percent proposal launched bus service alternative train rejected buses able comfort reliability train idea proposed director strongest opponents bus alternative county governor later stated today paid regional financing condition receive branch line 1920s saw high inflation large public public committees created solely cut costs proposal build road proposal led director following appointment cabinet proposed railway built road tracks laid later board members proposed instead building suspended railway plans cancel railway stopped support railway political support agreement national railway plan removing parts disrupt geographical compromise parliament vote reduce number intermediate stations allow trains meet cost saving road estimated percent issue road taken new vote parliament rejected construction administration office construction established located period construction led responsible completed retired office moved responsibility taken start men working construction quickly increased numbers fluctuated low hit time high people house employees barracks built things built housing station buildings people working construction local economy stimulated farmers paid transport horses transport tourists day building materials night competition fierce resulting fights customers traffic police introduced landslide covering area planned railway area unstable area route initial response plan tunnel past area quickly rejected high price instead line moved away mountain construction included near february deposited meters earth april cubic meters landslide took place february damage right way near tunnels difficult time consuming construction tunnels machines rest built hand hand construction drilling meters rock filling holes dynamite blasting construction tunnels started tunnel completed tunnel completed average proceeded man hours meter work caused death lifelong respiratory problems caused smoke fatal accidents related tunnel work stations built line including major upgrade port facilities station given tracks additional buildings serve transferring passengers upgrades costing nok million place route received passing loop station cost nok million designed 1930s simple wooden style similar found line line stations received small wooden buildings waiting room room cargo laying tracks started assisted steam locomotives work started reached year second year train operate regular schedule october freight train ran times week service stopped end month german occupation norway work started later season german authorities wanted speed work line usable steam trains year scheduled line completion track laying work accelerated increasing number workers regular freight operation started august albeit limited axle load tonnes long tons short tons time trains day direction passenger trains started running february trains direction day travel time minutes downhill minutes official line decided ministry june took head engineer construction upper built hydroelectric power station power station built taken use october built power output kilowatts costs project ended nok million railway total included nok million power station nok million ferry largest cost ended nok million major costs nok million rolling stock nok million stations nok tracks nok million snow protection electrification operation regular operation electric locomotives introduced november begin class originally planned use electric multiple units changed plans war instead decided use locomotives cars class trains remained service normally regularly taken use traffic lowest ordered locomotives october units delivered electrical components controllers delay caused bombing resistance locomotives custom built steep delivered axle load tonnes long tons short tons wheel configuration locomotives weighed tonnes long tons short tons maximum permitted train weight tonnes long tons short tons trains stop weight limited tonnes long tons short tons initially trains direction day single locomotive necessary line locomotives line passenger cars aluminum delivered cost locomotives cars nok million railway quickly saw increase traffic average percent annual increase opening mid-1950s allow access station opened stabilized people year significant portion traffic consisted tourists cruise ships docked half decade launched norway package included ride sleeping car introduced night train oslo trips direction week summer season achieved percent occupancy rate year traffic remained stable 1960s interest developing railway tourists declined local politicians stated road needed attract tourists power station upgraded kilowatts increased percent percent following year saw percent increase representing year tickets annual reached additional train stationed possible travel round trip bergen day started running direct trains morning express trains started stopping allowing better access tourists traffic increased hit remained stable decade line opened received lot freight traffic construction power station opening fastest means transport oslo bergen post sent line post instead sent truck post went railway products sent line milk dairy terminated fruit partial loads saw large increase 1960s ferry operator teamed send packages oslo bergen arrivals established following reorganization number calls reduced week freight volume fell 1980s attempt force major distributors route traffic failed 1970s started process finding replacement new locomotives cost nok million company saw unrealistic invest marginal branch line concluded away steam program lack locomotives general new class locomotives built satisfy requirements instead started investigating older models tests performed built built considered optimal allowed train weight increase tonnes long tons short tons train steps voltage set high speeds brakes suitable gradient locomotives better suited mainline service branch lines rebuilt allow axle load tonnes long tons short tons chosen replacement mid-1970s november started rebuilt new service upgrades included brakes electromagnetic brakes new speed measurement curve lights locomotive taken use line june year later taken use similar rebuild remained sporadic use class electric multiple units taken use starting august allocated use bergen commuter rail direct trains bergen main disadvantage class small windows trains designed commuter traffic sight seeing fast ferry service introduced direct services bergen opened giving road connection terminating ferry service losing money line low revenue rider ticket prices charged based fee kilometer low speed combined lot free travelers tickets gave little revenue ticket prices increased line kilometers longer new station building taken use 1990s commuter trains stockholm borrowed summer extra trains trains larger windows class giving better views museum documentation center established originally located annex moved old station building march announced plans operations line responsibility setting schedule selling tickets marketing transferred newly established company owned percent owned norway local bank took responsibility tourism related activities port facilities operate trains pay cost running trains profits ticket sales established taken responsibility infrastructure retained ownership line started building cruise ship terminal tourists walk ashore directly trains change ownership decided replace aging locomotives delivered intended express train service plagued technical problems considered reliable operate single locomotives newest trains class painted new green branded carriages renovated given new windows painted color scheme taken use line october sold shares line received year neighboring located inscribed service line solely served tourist oriented service operated norwegian state railways behalf september departures direction day rest year follow normal considerably higher train routes tickets valid free travel percent travel time varies minutes end stations line visited tourist attraction norway carried passengers service provided push pull trains consisting end carriages locomotives built electrical equipment power output kilowatts wheel arrangement
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