free feral horse australia found areas country best known found australian alps region south eastern australia today found second largest population queensland group known mob band descendants escaped lost horses dating cases belonging early european settlers including south_africa indonesia british pony draught horse breeds significant number today live places including national parks occasionally mustered use working stock horses farms stations trail horses horses mounts pleasure horses subject controversy regarded pest threat native ecosystems government valued australia heritage supporters working prevent treatment captured history origin term term refers feral horse australia recorded use print magazine melbourne said bush queensland wild horses month magazine suggested new south wales term poet stated introduction poem run published bulletin word free horses obscure come following possibilities horses left property place new south wales left tasmania word meaning wild language indigenous australians southern queensland letter says word horse people creek station queensland district established 1840s later abandoned leaving horses escape wild suggested derives irish word early horse imports horses arrived australia fleet imported farm utility work recreational riding racing major activities horses thought reached australia horse racing popular resulting influx imports england roughly horses living australia number grown largely natural increase long journey sea england europe asia meant strongest horses survived trip making particularly healthy strong australian stock aided ability flourish origin feral horses likely confined primarily sydney region early 19th century settlers crossed blue mountains opened expansion inland horses required travel cattle sheep pastoral industry grew report escaped horse 1840s horses escaped settled regions australia likely escaped fences properly installed fences existed believed australian horses feral released wild left fend result abandoning settlements horses arid conditions unfamiliar land combined farming australia especially difficult world war demand horses defence forces declined growth led growth number unwanted animals set free 20th century replacement horses machines farming led falls demand contributed increases feral populations currently australia horses continent estimated non drought periods feral horse population increases rate percent year drought conditions natural threats despite population numbers feral horses generally considered moderate pest allowed damage vegetation cause erosion impact environment detrimental reason considered environmental threat cultural potential economic value management presents complex issue australian alps south eastern australia thought descendants horses owned pioneer coast south western_australia known appear carry rare gene commonly known seen mainly number old breeds belgian draught horses gene causes parts horse coat resulting coloured muzzle flanks belly seen chestnut horses coloured tails appear adapted coastal environment consuming appear damaging monitoring particular ensure careful management unusual feral horses uses captured fitted gps tracking extensive comparative research effect terrain morphology health different horses paths movement diet patterns mob structure tracked recorded captured trained stock horses saddle horses encouraging viewing feral potential tourist attraction sold european horse meat market capture contribute millions dollars australian economy approximately horses meat export originates feral population hides hair horses sold training camps organisations promote positive interaction troubled high risk youths camps usually weeks allowing youths train wild quiet willing saddle horse improving youths self esteem catch handle event challenge competitions riders required catch free running horse time limit minutes points awarded challenge care skill catching ability teach lead demanding challenges riders held new_south_wales plus man snowy river challenge victoria new south wales societies including hold special classes registered annual agricultural shows environmental impact horses described australia 1860s environmental impact include soil loss erosion vegetation reduction plants increased tree deaths bark damage habitats spreading invasive detrimental effects population native species cases feral horses damage infrastructure including pipes fences credited help keeping tracks trails clear bush service vehicles areas habitats free horses compact soil soil air spaces leaving water collect occurs soil areas horses prevalent water penetration resistance times higher areas horses causes soil erosion damages vegetation soil hold water plant hindered horse potential damage waterways habitats near streams increases runoff reducing quality water causing harm ecosystem horse tends foul waterways accumulation result feral horses adding negative environmental impact exotic species australia alpine areas particular risk low growing alpine flora highly vulnerable short summers mean little time plants grow recover damage biodiversity high species plant found erosion limestone areas leads runoff moss important component highland horses seeking water feral horses reduce plant species exposure soil caused vegetation removal grazing combined increased nutrients recycled horse favour species invade region overtake native species diminishing diversity dispersal aided attachment seeds horses tails transferred horse consumption location effects actually transfer debated fact large number species dispersed method concern interested survival native plant species australia effect plants plant habitats pronounced horses travel greater distances find food water consume threatened limited vegetation negative influences widespread feral horses bark trees leave trees vulnerable external threats occurred drought species plateau appears feral horses prefer species interaction animal species changes vegetation result feral horses region affects bird species removing plants feed altering habitat birds prey feral horse grazing linked decline reptiles amphibians habitat loss addition grazing near waterways influences aquatic fauna areas frequented horses crab higher increasing predation fish result fish decline removal vegetation renders susceptible predation areas horses abundant populations prevalent likely horses consumption vegetation normally feed horses removed signs presence specifically black rock increase competition horses reason decline populations certain areas populations potential pass exotic diseases african horse sickness domestic horses carry fever passed horses cattle lead high fatalities domestic populations causing farmers management feral horses like livestock carry parasite result people drinking contaminated drinking water population management poor management feral horses pose ecological environmental threat parts australia management difficult issues feasibility public concern currently management attempts vary feral horses considered states south_australia including queensland controversy removal primary argument favour removal impact fragile ecosystems damage destroy endangered native flora fauna public concern major issue control efforts advocate protection including people believe feral horses belong country horse interest groups horses feral completely opposed measures threaten survival animal welfare groups reluctantly accept organizations oppose lethal techniques attempt organise relocation animals instead argued relocation involves hours helicopter traumatic horses groups favour humane means control damage cause native flora fauna generally opposed means makes management challenge present cost allowing feral horses concerns population control methods traditional method removal called running reminiscent iconic poem man expert riders rope remove new location options population control include fertility control ground helicopter shooting trapping methods provide complete freedom suffering horses cost high costs include economic research equipment purchases labour expenditures moral concerns welfare horses result effective efficient means control called fertility control non lethal method population management usually viewed humane treatment use supported appears treatments effective breeding season immediately following injection lasting effects debated costly difficult treat animals repeatedly method despite ideal widely implemented shooting trained considered practical method control effectiveness believe shooting preferred method population control subject horses stresses long distance transportation related capture removal methods horses initially wounded shooting tracked dispatched accessible open country shooting horses mountain ranges regarded humane means control helicopter allow aerial reconnaissance large area target populations shooters close target animals ensure termination method considered effective cost efficient means control disapproval high believe organizations supporting argue aerial shooting unnecessary alternative population control methods given adequate trials government officials express concern need control rapidly growing populations order avoid ecological problems associated feral horses certain areas labour intensive process results major outcomes slaughter sale relocation assisted feed hay strategically placed attract feral horses location capture feasible process low demand captured horses making desirable fertility control shooting reduce population having find alternative locations management national parks october october approximately shot guy river national park result public outcry followed established investigate alternative methods control campaign began remove horses national park trapped taken park national national park estimated horses resulted reduction horses national commenced plan reduce numbers passive trapping captured phase aerial took place shooting horses helicopter gorge queensland literature media called wild bush horses mentioned poem man snowy river poem expanded films man snowy river man snowy river title return snowy river title man snowy river series man snowy river arena spectacular poem called run describes mob running wild inspired write poem read judge hearing horses asked run popular silver books written children young adults stories describe adventures stallion stories movie known silver stallion king wild starring animated children television series adopted emblem newly formed rugby union team based canberra australia competing known super
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