species fungus family mushrooms produced fungus convex flattened colored caps wide cream colored gills closely spaced extend slightly length stem long thick mushroom produces white latex injured mushroom tissue brownish species found eastern north_america range extending canada northeastern mexico found pine plantations brazil probably introduced species european counterpart similar appearance addition distribution distinguished differences preferred habitat color differences gills cap latex variety larger form caps wide occurs coast live oak pacific_coast states baja california variety described basis single specimen south_carolina differs main form microscopic structure cap cuticle taxonomy classification species described american monograph north american species type specimen collected smith michigan july housed smith simultaneously published varieties collected south_carolina california respectively variety commonly known vulgar smith classified subgenus grouping related species includes characterized gelatinous cuticle stem description cap wide initially convex broadly convex depressed center cap margin curved inward remains way maturity cap surface covered fine soft hairs young later smooth sticky wet color cap ranges brown young fading tan pale gray eventually pale tan pinkish buff center gills attached slightly extending somewhat length stem broad packed closely cream colored young later develop pinkish tones near margin maturity brownish orange color buff olive brown dark brown bruised stem long thick nearly equal width tapering downward surface dry depending moisture environment whitish age spotted brownish flesh firm white buff odor distinctive taste mild slowly slightly latex white initial exposure gills grayish brown dark brown olive brown taste mild slowly slightly older fruit bodies tend abundant weaker latex spore print pinkish buff edibility unknown cap surface turn yellow orange drop potassium applied microscopic characteristics spores roughly spherical broadly elliptical measure ridges form partial pattern ridges high spore hyaline translucent meaning absorb stained melzer reagent cap cuticle young specimens tissue type known contains hyphae different lengths arranged roughly parallel fashion mushroom matures cap cuticle gradually characterized branching gelatinous hyphae basidia spore bearing cells spored measure pleurocystidia cystidia gill face abundant relatively long long thick cheilocystidia cystidia gill edge measure varieties var variety reported south_carolina nearly identical appearance white latex tastes bitter structure cap cuticle differs nominate variety yellowish reddish brown reagent hyphae variety larger cap wide flesh thick white latex taste stem measures long wide near spores var nominate variety similar species european species similar appearance confused distinguished gills stain brown exposed latex preference growing birch rich forests variety confused smaller paler colored species latex gills brown habitat distribution like species mycorrhizal fruit bodies grow scattered groups ground especially oak july october mycorrhizal mushrooms fruit forests dominated oak fruit bodies slow develop long lasting species found eastern canada south florida west minnesota texas common northeast mexico mushroom reported southern brazil state growing association pine plantations probably introduced pine brought settlers var collected baja california california oregon washington grows association coast live oak
Lactarius argillaceifolius