model model refers series social economic policies adopted chinese closely associated served city communist_party secretary policies place predecessors model characterized increased state control promotion neo leftist ideology involved sweeping campaign organized crime increased security police presence city means addressing declining public morality launched red culture movement promote era socialist ethics economic actively courted foreign investment focused manufacturing domestic consumption model characterized massive public works programs housing poor social policies intended easier rural citizens city model represented alternative model development diverged policies favored faction led party general secretary premier removed posts spring authorities began campaign reverse policies characterized model including cracking expressions red culture individuals believed persecuted anti corruption campaign began seeking legal background son communist_party icon assigned communist_party secretary 17th party congress october predecessor reassigned helm communist_party time problems air water pollution unemployment poor public health complications prior appointment served minister commerce initially reluctant assume post widely viewed hoped vice premier instead initially unhappy communist_party secretary soon resolved use new position staging ground return higher national office secret desire enter member 18th party congress autumn seven members including general secretary premier expected retire transition opportunity ambitious join highest national leadership likely replacement ally head party security apparatus leadership pioneer model systematic set social economic policies intended address diverse challenges facing modern china model represented policies favored faction dominated frequently contrasted model championed predecessor political opponent model placed emphasized role state economic social life model characterized comparatively liberal economic political policies crackdown organized crime tenure dominated protracted war ostensibly organized crime corruption known striking black estimated people arrested sweeping campaign criminals businessmen members police force judges government officials political adversaries accused corruption criminal collaboration campaign overseen police chief vice mayor worked previously reports suggest initiative given approval general secretary struck careful balance claiming credit campaign praising beijing leadership crackdown crime campaign earned national recognition widespread popularity city reputation center criminal activity apparent success campaign raised national international profile resulted calls nationwide campaign based experiences campaign gained support number powerful members including visited praised achievements measures criticized process contributing erosion rule law accounts wrote wall_street_journal campaign involved courts police individuals targeted campaign detained authorities estimated sent forced labor lawyers accused reportedly intimidated lawyer sentenced months prison allegations surfaced use torture extract confessions targeted campaign criminals businessmen political rivals assets reportedly seized order help pay popular social housing programs wall_street_journal reported estimates billion seized campaign fugitive businessman told security forces seized million real estate business tortured retaliation attempting purchase land sought government sentenced year labor camp criticizing alleged abuse court system campaign campaign combat crime maintain political stability involved launch major electronic surveillance operation city police chief served architect state funded project described official media comprehensive package system covering telecommunications internet system involved monitoring internet communications according new_york_times operations target local criminals communications chinese leaders august phone anti corruption official found orders revelation operation resulted intense scrutiny discipline inspection contributed downfall social policies cornerstone model series social policies aimed gap rich poor rural urban divide promoted notion pursuing red economic model communist suggested economic development analogous cake primary task divide cake fairly building larger cake end city reportedly spent billion public apartment complexes use recent college graduates workers low income residents aimed provide housing million residents residents month eligible rent apartments years option buy served mayor indicated housing project designed free money people consume drive economy noted borrow elements singapore cities selected run pilot projects intended rural urban divide ease integration rural residents cities china registration system citizens classified rural urban distinction determines live affects educational opportunities taxation property rights million residents held urban certificates project easier rural residents obtain urban status policy intended help balance inequality enable government develop rural land leadership established land exchanges rural villages earn credits farmland pledged million rural residents urban areas populist approach social policy demonstrated november taxi strikes saw taxi drivers streets days protests high fees competition rising fuel charges similar protests china frequently suppressed official media blaming labor unrest criminal government instead held televised dialogues protesters citizens agreed allow formation trade union handling situation earned praise comparatively progressive leader businessman reportedly involved organizing strike later sentenced years prison disrupting transport model involved major campaign green city tree planting initiative city reportedly imported millions trees campaign cost initiative estimated high billion red culture movement time initiated series style campaigns revive red culture improve public morale initiative included promotion quotes singing red songs revolutionary television programming operas initiatives encourage students work countryside akin way students required prior 60th anniversary celebrations instance sent red text messages city million users according text messages usually quotes include phrases like chairman puts world work responsibility seriousness conquer world members represent qualities team municipal administrators raised new statues providing social housing city scholars characterized example revival chinese communist city initiated campaign demanded district government department commercial enterprise educational institution state radio station begin singing red songs praising achievements pledged city ideals reminiscent era reactions red culture movement divided revival era culture accompanying social welfare programs popular certain segments society popular neo student quoted washington_post embraced campaign saying sing red songs find kind spirit felt singing modern songs surround material stuff waste time group retired participants red song routine told los_angeles_times know songs youth grew revolutionary spirit want pass children noted felt compelled participate order express appreciation communist_party country strong economy campaign unsettling particularly year old lawyer told washington_post saw teachers horrible young people recognize lived possibly sing academic quoted daily_telegraph described mandatory campaign akin drowned red_sea september mid level official city committed suicide pressured organize work unit participate red songs campaign official reportedly disagreed campaign evoked painful memories cultural revolution critics opponents referred little expressing concern resemblance red culture campaign cultural revolution economic policies major component model concerned city economic policies pursued foreign investment city lowered corporate income tax rates compared national average sought stimulate rapid carried policies initiated predecessors focused domestic consumption export led growth model placed emphasis importance state owned enterprises stressed china needs things state owned tenure reported annual growth far exceeding national average instance nationwide growth reported reported year foreign trade rose bank loans major corporations built greatly expanded manufacturing operations including ford motors model economic growth won national international praise detractors particular called red infrastructure housing public works projects criticized running city budget head business association told daily_telegraph lots officials getting salaries time getting instead eventually economy going break received higher share money central government billion going city political rivals predecessor suggested economic figures rigged artificially inflated unnecessary construction public works projects political fortunes came abrupt end police chief fled american hoping gain political asylum reportedly provided information alleged misconduct including role investigations homicide british citizen family associate fallout removed party chief march suspended april following removal official positions chinese leaders began effort discredit march premier annual press conference called achievements significant result multiple numerous allusions damage wrought cultural revolution indirect efforts revive red culture apparently wary associations cultural revolution campaign launched cracking expressions red culture championed campaign singing red songs likely stopped aspects model particular social policies education low income housing projects drew popular support regard successes model likely remembered studied according analyst critics asserted aftermath removal striking black campaign organized crime corruption policy political ploy designed cast negative light predecessor political opponent advantage popular resentment corruption following removal new vice mayor signaled city security force overhauled legal scholars activists expressed hope forced labor sentences collection civil rights lawyers led circulated open letter online suggesting review criminal sentences administration soon reportedly instructed efforts washington_post reported relatives individuals detained amidst campaign began seeking legal counsel prominent civil rights lawyers including beijing based hopes having sentences overturned person petition blogger sent year labor camp writing poem mocking filed guilty verdict overturned sought compensation court appeal successful court ruling late june insufficient evidence justify detention authorities launched investigations city spending policies including costly tree planting campaign shortly removal party post city finance bureau economic planning office reportedly issued urgent notice government party officials city clean investment projects official city finance bureau indicated investigation focus money raised spent managed wall_street_journal reported unclear scrutiny spending stems concern potential wrongdoing city debt burden primarily politically motivated attempt attack model leading new left scholar author book model signaled model order saying big scandal hit second look model downfall subsequent model viewed commentators victory model assessing fall wrote hope china leadership predecessor populist flair appears real small political reforms chinese liberal economist researcher communist party journal warned interest block current reform associate professor philosophy artist beijing publicly criticized model wrong lowering trust lawyer imprisoned policy said model problematic city leaders follow rule law according political scientist columbia_university risk china scandal power challenge legitimacy regime furthermore said worst things imagined actually true like knew stuff know true bad possibly economist journalist leading new movement gaining followers plan add checks communist_party significantly increase welfare benefits want remake party reflect chairman early vision style hated current older chinese leaders leading advocate destroyed scandal commentators expect china willingly remake soon elite prepared discuss major changes including second generation gang interest protecting status quo
Chongqing model