beer beer world widely consumed probably oldest alcoholic popular drink overall water tea production beer called involves mainly derived grains commonly wheat corn rice widely beer add bitterness act natural herbs fruit occasionally included process causes natural effect removed processing replaced forced humanity earliest known writings refer production distribution beer code included laws regulating beer beer hymn prayer goddess beer served prayer method remembering recipe beer culture people beer sold bottles cans available draught particularly bars industry global business consisting dominant multinational companies thousands smaller producers ranging regional strength beer usually alcohol volume vary creating examples beer forms culture beer drinking nations associated social traditions beer festivals rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling pub games bar history beer world oldest prepared possibly dating early farmed recorded written history ancient iraq ancient egypt archaeologists speculate beer instrumental formation approximately years ago workers city modern day iraq paid employers beer building great egypt worker got daily beer served nutrition crucial construction earliest known chemical evidence beer dates circa site western iran earliest writings contain references beer examples include prayer goddess known hymn served prayer method remembering recipe beer culture people ancient advice fill belly day night merry recorded epic wife referred consumption beer discovered syria beer produced city rice fruit china unlike sake mould rice rice probably prepared substance containing sugar naturally undergo alcoholic likely cultures observing sweet liquid obtained source independently invented beer bread beer increased prosperity level allowed time development technologies contributed building beer spread europe celtic tribes far mainly domestic scale product early europeans drank recognised beer people today alongside basic source early european contain fruits honey numerous types plants substances herbs contain later addition mentioned europe abbot duke bavaria adopted purity law oldest food quality regulation use 21st century according allowed ingredients beer water beer produced industrial revolution continued sold domestic scale 7th century beer produced sold european monasteries industrial revolution production beer moved manufacture industrial manufacture domestic manufacture ceased significant end 19th century development changed allowing control process greater knowledge results today industry global business consisting dominant multinational companies thousands smaller producers ranging regional billion billion gallons equivalent cube metres beer sold year producing total global revenues billion billion china beer consumption hit million billion litres nearly twice united_states percent sold premium draught compared percent france germany process making beer known dedicated building making beer called brewery beer home history company makes beer called brewery company beer domestic scale non commercial reasons classified regardless beer home beer subject legislation taxation developed countries late 19th century largely restricted commercial operation government relaxed legislation followed australia allowing popular hobby purpose convert source liquid called convert alcoholic known beer process effected step prepared mixing source normally hot water known hot water known liquor terms mixed crushed known mash process takes hours converted sweet drained grains grains washed process known washing allows gather liquid grains possible process spent grain water called separation traditional process separation grain bed serves filter medium modern prefer use filter frames allow finely ground modern use continuous collecting original water possible collect second wash spent grains separate run produce weaker weaker beer process known second called sweet collected copper called vessels traditionally copper boiled usually hour boiling water components remain allows efficient use sources beer boiling destroys remaining left stage added boiling source bitterness flavour added point longer boiled bitterness contribute hop flavour remains beer boiling cooled ready pass small filled add hop act filter usually simply cooled added beer process requires week months depending type strength beer addition producing fine matter suspended complete leaving beer clear carried stages primary secondary alcohol produced primary beer transferred new vessel allowed period secondary secondary beer requires long storage packaging greater clarity beer packaged aluminium cans bottles sorts beer ingredients basic ingredients beer water source able converted converted carbon dioxide produce mixture sources secondary source corn rice sugar termed especially lower cost substitute widely sources include root africa potato brazil mexico source beer recipe collectively called grain bill composed water regions water different mineral components result different regions originally better suited making certain types beer giving regional character example dublin hard water suited making stout soft water suited making pale waters burton england contain benefits making pale degree brewers pale add local water process known source source beer provides material key strength flavour beer common source beer grain grain water allowing begin drying partially grain grain produces convert grain different times temperatures produce different colours grain darker produce darker nearly beer includes majority hull remains attached grain finally removes hull breaking large pieces pieces remain grain mash act filter bed sweet separated grain material grains including wheat rice frequently corn brewers produced free beer consume containing grains like wheat beer sole major commercial use flower hop vine agent nearly beer today flowers called historical mention use beer monastery rules written known date normally given widespread cultivation use beer thirteenth century thirteenth century sixteenth century took dominant beer plants instance grains paradise combinations herbs ingredients like combined mixture known today scottish heather company company use plants contain characteristics brewers desire beer contribute bitterness sweetness bitterness measured scale contribute floral citrus beer effect activity desirable aids head retention length time head created responsible beer extracted grains produces alcohol carbon dioxide turns beer addition beer influences character flavour dominant types beer role understood involved wild airborne styles rely method today modern adds pure cultures agent brewers add agents beer typically collect solid beer protein found trace amounts finished product process makes beer appear bright clean cloudy appearance ethnic older styles beer wheat examples agents include obtained fish irish moss artificial beer marked suitable clarified artificial agents industry industry global business consisting dominant multinational companies thousands smaller producers ranging regional billion litres billion gallons sold year producing total global revenues billion billion history 21st century larger absorbing smaller order ensure economy scale south african bought north american miller company found second largest brewery north american bush largest brewery volume brazilian fifth largest merged largest brewery surpassed acquired dutch premium beer brand second largest bought largest new company largest world remains largest brewery second craft brewery produces limited beer maximum beer brewery produce classed varies region authority usually barrels thousand imperial gallons thousand gallons year type incorporates pub eating establishment highest density world exists especially district brewery germany trace roots year document year refers hop garden area paying monastery brewery licensed oldest working brewery world home subject regulation prohibition countries restrictions lifted australia followed suit individual states allowed pass laws limiting production varieties types beer basics beer shared national cultural boundaries traditional european regions germany belgium england czech_republic local varieties beer english writer michael_jackson book world guide beer world local style groups suggested local customs names jackson work beer style commonly produced rises surface typically temperatures produces significant amounts secondary flavour products result beer slightly compounds resembling apple pear banana introduction england flanders 15th century referred beer describe word comes old english turn ultimately base holds magic possession word beer comes old english probably originally beer theories provided connecting word old english latin drink currency words thing languages 12th century old poem says called men gods beer real term coined beer traditional ingredients matured secondary container served use carbon dioxide applied bottle pale pale beer uses predominantly pale world major beer styles stout stout porter dark typically slow number variations including baltic porter dry stout imperial stout porter describe dark brown beer popular street river london beer later known stout word stout early history development stout porter mild mild predominantly usually dark coloured lighter stronger examples reaching higher beer large proportion wheat contains significant proportion wheat usually germany law flavour wheat varies considerably depending specific style beer belgium naturally wild cultivated strains significant differences varieties common addition organisms bacteria produce contribute cool beer pale commonly consumed world comes german store brewers bavaria stored beer cool caves warm summer months brewers noticed continued clear sediment stored cool conditions cool typically undergoes primary phase given long secondary phase secondary stage cooler conditions natural production resulting cleaner beer modern methods producing pioneered younger perfected dark brown brewery bavaria began known vienna probably amber red colour vienna improved modern strains use short periods cold storage typically weeks measurement beer measured assessed bitterness strength colour perceived bitterness measured scale defined operation international scale development scale abbreviated bitterness values identical colour beer colour determined common colour pale amber produced pale pale pale terms dried term pale terms sales volume today beer based pale town present day czech_republic modern pale light colour noticeable bubbles typical alcohol volume content brands beer typical examples pale american brands miller dark usually pale base small proportion darker added achieve desired shade widely dark stout use dark patent longer strength beer ranges alcohol volume strength increased pitching champagne freeze process alcohol content beer varies local practice beer style pale consumers familiar fall range typical customary strength british low session table beer low alcohol content served instead soft drinks schools alcohol beer comes primarily produced quantity variety primary factors determine alcohol final beer additional added increase alcohol content added certain styles beer primarily light convert complex alcohol product toxic typical survive alcohol concentrations volume low temperatures little time decreases effectiveness consequently decreases alcohol content strongest beer strength climbed later years 20th century degrees listed book world records strongest beer time swiss listed strongest brewers champagne increase alcohol content reached millennium surpassed strongest beer britain super beer september scottish brewery produced claim world strongest beer produced product claimed strongest beer preceded belgian company previously sink imperial stout method freezing strong partially frozen ice repeatedly removed desired strength reached process class product spirits beer german brewery hair dog dave wine freezing method blend beer whiskey jokingly claimed strongest beer dutch brewery july serving draught draught beer common method bars world metal carbon dioxide gas drives beer tap served nitrogen carbon dioxide mixture nitrogen produces fine bubbles resulting dense head types beer found smaller called beer balls 1980s introduced beer nitrogen ball inside creates dense tight head similar beer served nitrogen system words draft draught marketing terms describe containing beer cold filtered termed real organisation typically arrives pub placed horizontally frame called designed hold steady right angle allowed cool cellar temperature typically tapped tap driven usually rubber end hard implement open hole act beer manner typically sediment left suitable period drop clear fully condition period hours days point beer ready sell pulled beer line hand pump simply gravity fed directly glass draught beer environmental impact lower beer packaging differences life cycle study beer brand including grain production distribution waste management shows emissions pack micro beer kilograms pounds loss natural habitat potential pack micro beer estimated square meters square feet downstream emissions distribution retail storage disposal waste micro beer emissions legal use bottle containers transport draught beer store bar buying pre beer reduce environmental impact beer consumption packaging cleared packaged bottles cans bottle retain filtered fresh usually recommended beer poured slowly leaving sediment bottle prefer pour practice customary wheat typically serving wheat beer contents poured remainder suspend sediment pouring glass alternatively bottle inverted prior opening glass bottles bottle sold cans considerable variation proportion different countries sweden beer sold cans people drink pour beer glass technology developed world cup named entire lid removed opening process turning drinking cup cans protect beer light preventing beer seal prone leaking time bottles cans initially viewed technological breakthrough maintaining quality beer commonly associated expensive mass produced quality storage cans like bottles plastic pet bottles temperature temperature beer influence experience warmer temperatures reveal range beer cooler temperatures refreshing prefer pale served medium strength pale served cool strong wine imperial stout served room temperature beer writer michael_jackson proposed level scale serving temperatures light pale wheat lightly dark german wheat cellar temperature regular british stout belgian room temperature strong dark especially beer wine drinking beer began development artificial 1870s spread countries concentrated pale chilling beer makes refreshing chilling starts reduce taste awareness reduces significantly beer served cool room temperature reveal non profit beer organisation set temperature standard range served vessels beer consumed variety vessels glass beer beer bottle shape glass beer consumed influence perception beer define accent character style offer branded intended marketing promotion increases sales pouring process influence beer presentation rate flow tap serving vessel tilt glass position pour centre glass influence end result size longevity head pattern left head moves glass beer drunk release beer tower beer device usually found bars consists cylinder attached beer cooling device beer beer tower drinking vessel health effects short term effects beer contains alcohol chemical present wine spirits beer consumption short term psychological effects user different concentrations alcohol human body different effects person effects alcohol depend individual drunk percentage alcohol beer consumption took place food eaten individual taken counter street drugs factors drinking cause blood alcohol concentration typically causes overall improvement mood possible increased self confidence decreased anxiety red appearance face impaired judgment fine muscle coordination causes balance problems blurred vision causes profound confusion impaired speech speech causes amnesia death occur unconscious respiratory depression potentially life threatening causes coma life threatening respiratory depression possibly fatal alcohol poisoning alcoholic drinks drinking driving operating aircraft heavy machinery increases risk accident countries severe criminal penalties drunk driving long term effects main active ingredient beer alcohol health effects alcohol apply beer consumption small quantities alcohol drink women men associated decreased risk cardiac disease stroke diabetes long term health effects continuous moderate heavy alcohol consumption include risk developing alcoholism alcoholic liver disease alcoholism known alcohol use disorder broad term drinking alcohol results problems previously divided types alcohol abuse alcohol dependence medical context alcoholism said exist following conditions present person drinks large amounts long time period difficulty cutting acquiring drinking alcohol takes great deal time alcohol strongly desired usage results fulfilling responsibilities usage results social problems usage results health problems usage results risky situations withdrawal occurs stopping alcohol tolerance occurred use alcoholism reduces person life years alcohol use leading cause early death united_states professional medical association recommends people start drinking wine total million deaths deaths believed alcohol vary content known rich source nutrients expected beer contain significant amounts nutrients including potassium beer referred liquid bread considered lack muscle tone main cause beer belly beer consumption study found link drinking beer belly problem improper exercise product diet books quote beer having high index beer undergoes beer consists water hop trace amounts including society culture societies beer popular alcoholic drink social traditions activities associated beer drinking playing cards pub games attending beer festivals engaging study beer visiting series evening visiting beer oriented tourism rating beer drinking games beer popular relatively new profession beer informs restaurant patrons food beer considered social societies consumed countries world middle eastern countries syria african countries sales beer times wine second popular alcoholic drink study published journal revealed finding flavour beer provoke activity brain male participants wanted drink result men study subject computer controlled device sprayed minute amounts beer water sports drink compared taste sports drink taste beer significantly increased participants desire drink test results indicated flavour beer triggered release alcohol content spray insufficient purpose developed pair food wine writer disputed need pair beer food beer writers contested claim related drinks world traditional ancient based drinks classed beer africa ethnic beer low alcohol somewhat like drink called use popular semi rice drink eastern east china found traditional rice based related beer south_america corn indigenous peoples brazil traditional pre times present human break similar peru bread linked earliest forms beer finland russia ukraine chemistry beer contains acid acid acid acid acid acid acid experiments present bound forms small portion detected free compounds beer contain potent hop contains alcohol component form brings condensed higher found beer secondary products alcoholic products known
Beer