generally known born january american politician businessman 46th vice president united_states president born lincoln nebraska primarily raised nebraska wyoming attended yale earned political science began political career intern congressman eventually working way white house nixon ford later served white_house chief staff elected representing wyoming large congressional district reelected times briefly serving house minority whip selected secretary defense presidency holding position majority bush term time oversaw operation actions office clinton administration chairman ceo july chosen republican presidential nominee running mate presidential election defeated democratic opponents incumbent vice president senator reelected second term vice president defeating senator running mate senator tenure vice president played lead scenes role response september attacks coordination global war terrorism early proponent iraq war defender administration record anti terrorism odds views president bush support gay marriage criticized policies war terror called enhanced interrogation techniques published memoir time personal political memoir written daughter published book exceptional world needs powerful america authored daughter cited powerful vice president american history early life education born lincoln nebraska son née predominantly english welsh irish ancestry 8th great grandfather immigrated england massachusetts 17th century direct descendant related early american distant cousin barack_obama share common ancestor fled france england 17th century later settled maryland father soil conservation agent mother star 1930s children attended family moved wyoming attended attended yale_university account problems adjusting college failed twice influential teachers days professor repeatedly credited having helped shape approach foreign policy later attended earned bachelor_of_arts master arts political science subsequently started finish doctoral studies november age convicted driving arrested following year said arrests think headed headed bad road continued course married high school sweetheart met age eligible draft vietnam war applied received draft washington_post writer interviewed secretary defense asked reportedly said priorities 60s military service testified confirmation hearings received finish college career lasted years owing sub par academic performance need work pay education initially drafted marriage draft expanded include married men children applied sequence applied fifth exemption january wife weeks pregnant granted status exemption excluded men children dependent parents january turned longer eligible draft appointments political career began intern congressman richard nixon administration joined staff director held positions years followed white_house staff assistant assistant director deputy assistant president deputy assistant suggested options memo including use ford administration use limit damage article published new_york_times investigative reporter reported navy submarines tapped soviet communications highly classified program operation ivy bells assistant president white_house deputy chief staff named secretary defense white_house chief staff succeeding later campaign manager ford presidential campaign elections elected represent wyoming succeeded retiring democratic congressman having defeated democratic opponent elected times serving tenure leadership elected chairman following year elected house minority whip served half months appointed secretary defense instead senator nomination rejected march votes voted creation citing concern budget expansion federal government claiming department states rights voted funding reversed position initially voted establishing national holiday honor supported creation holiday years later supported bid republican minority leader april endorsed governor ronald_reagan president reagan earliest supporters president ronald_reagan vetoed bill impose economic sanctions south_africa policy representatives vote reagan veto later years articulated opposition sanctions different countries stating work case ended hurting people instead republicans democrats voted non binding congressional resolution calling south african government release prison democrats defeated proposed amendments required renounce violence sponsored requiring communist faction leadership resolution defeated appearing cnn addressed criticism saying opposed resolution time viewed terrorist organization number interests fundamentally united_states federal building regional center fossil fuel industry named dick federal building committee assignments originally declining congressman persuaded join moderate order leadership ranks elected chairman ranking member investigate iran affair promoted wyoming petroleum coal businesses secretary defense president nominated office secretary defense immediately failed confirm position senate confirmed vote served office march january directed united_states invasion panama operation middle_east awarded presidential medal freedom bush later year received senator greatest public service elected award given annually said time pentagon rewarding period public service career calling stands recounted met president accept offer passed painting private residence entitled depicted president lincoln general grant great grandfather served war said occurred room walked talk president secretary defense wondered thought great grandson someday white house president talking taking military early tenure worked closely assistant secretary secretary beginning tenure focused primarily external matters left internal management deputy secretary defense budgetary practices immediate issue secretary defense budget deemed appropriate cut budget military following reagan administration peacetime defense buildup height cold war fiscal year budget assessed requests branches armed services expensive programs naval attack aircraft stealth bomber tilt wing helicopter destroyer missile totaling approximately billion light changed world politics opposed program congress appropriated funds initially refused issue contracts budget came congress summer settled figure administration request recommendation subsequent years proposed adopted budgets followed patterns similar early unveiled plan reduce military strength mid-1990s million compared million entered office defense budget reduced programs congress directed buy weapons want reserve forces years secretary defense military budgets showed negative real growth despite pressures acquire weapon systems advocated congress total authority current dollars declined billion billion total military personnel strength decreased percent million million notwithstanding overall reduction military spending directed development pentagon plan ensure military dominance post cold war era political climate agenda publicly expressed concern nations iraq iran north_korea acquire nuclear components collapse soviet_union end cold war fall soviet_union warsaw pact obliged nato purpose makeup believed nato remain foundation european security relationships remain important united_states long term urged alliance lend assistance new eastern_europe views nato reflected skepticism prospects peaceful social development countries saw high potential political uncertainty instability felt optimistic supporting general secretary successor russian president worked maintain strong ties united_states european allies persuaded allow bases ground troops war planes nation important element success gulf war lightning rod opposed having non muslim armies near holy sites international situations economic sanctions political pressure united_states mounted campaign drive ruler general power fell favor duly elected president panama election outcome drawing intensified pressure october suppressed military coup december soldiers army killed united_states invasion panama began direction stated reason invasion seize face drug charges united_states protect lives property restore civil liberties mission controversial forces achieved control panama assumed presidency convicted imprisoned drug trafficking charges april drew world attention august united_states began provide humanitarian assistance primarily food military president bush direction dispatched troops designed provide security food relief successors secretary defense contend issues iraqi invasion kuwait august iraqi president sent invading iraqi forces neighboring kuwait small petroleum rich state long claimed iraq territory invasion sparked initiation brought worldwide condemnation estimated iraqi troops quickly took control moved saudi_arabia kuwait border united_states begun develop plans defense saudi_arabia headed general important petroleum reserves world reaction oversaw planning scale military operation according general information appetite barely satisfy spent hours staff questions shortly iraqi invasion visits saudi_arabia king requested military assistance united_nations took action passing series resolutions condemning iraq invasion kuwait authorized means necessary iraq kuwait demanded country withdraw forces january united_states force stationed saudi_arabia nations including britain canada france italy syria egypt contributed troops allies notably germany japan agreed provide financial support coalition effort named operation january congress authorized bush use military force enforce iraq compliance resolutions kuwait military action phase operation began january air offensive secure air superiority attack iraqi forces targeting key iraqi command control centers including cities baghdad turned matters deputy secretary congress air ground phases war flew region specifically review ground war plans air offensive weeks forces launched ground war february hours iraqi forces routed kuwait reported basic objective iraqi forces kuwait met february consultation members national security team bush declared suspension hostilities working national security team said republican presidents worked worked closely fifth reagan years house leadership best national security team saw friction cooperation highest degree trust especially aftermath total military personnel died combat died result accidents causes iraq agreed formal truce march permanent cease fire april subsequent debate forces driven far baghdad power bush agreed decision end ground war correct debate persisted remained power rebuilt military forces arguably significant debate concerned coalition forces left iraq soon april interview asked forces moved baghdad replied occupying attempting country bad idea led explaining gone baghdad wouldn anybody occupation iraq arab forces willing fight kuwait willing invade iraq got iraq took took government going place volatile world central government iraq easily end seeing pieces iraq fly like west eastern iraq like claim fought years north got spin loose join turkey threaten territorial integrity turkey far try iraq thing casualties impressed fact able job casualties americans killed action families wasn cheap war question president terms went baghdad took additional casualties effort additional dead americans worth judgment think got right regarded gulf war example kind regional problem united_states likely continue face future going involved middle_east maybe national character know like problems nice wrapped ribbon deploy force win war problem goes away doesn work way middle_east isn likely lifetime private sector career term congress director foreign policy organization new democratic administration president bill_clinton january left joined served second term director served chairman board chief executive officer fortune company record ceo subject dispute wall street analysts merger attracted criticism executives lack accounting transparency named individual defendant suit shareholders pursuing class action lawsuit alleging corporation artificially inflated stock price period june reversed lower court ruling allowed case continue litigation named december corruption complaint filed government company settled million term changed accounting practices revenue realization disputed costs major construction projects resigned ceo july vice president argued step removed conflict interest net worth estimated million million largely derived post gross joint income wife nearly million member board advisors vice president presidential election early serving ceo headed governor texas vice presidential search committee july reviewing findings bush surprised asking join republican ticket reportedly reached agreement july allow retire package estimated million months election home dallas sale changed drivers license voter registration wyoming change necessary allow texas presidential vote bush twelfth amendment united_states_constitution voting state president vice president campaigned running mate presidential election election bush team eligible public funding plan transition new administration opened privately funded transition office washington office worked identify candidates important positions cabinet according advocated post secretary defense counter influence tried unsuccessfully named replace director vice presidency term following september attacks remained physically apart bush security reasons period stayed variety undisclosed locations public view later revealed autobiographical memoir time undisclosed locations included official vice presidential residence home wyoming camp david utilized heavy security detail employing government vehicles daily vice presidential residence naval observatory white_house morning june served acting president united_states terms 25th amendment constitution bush undergoing acted president utc day bush resumed powers presidency utc iraq war following instrumental providing primary justification renewed war iraq helped shape bush approach war terror making numerous public statements alleging iraq possessed weapons mass destruction making personal visits cia headquarters questioned mid level agency analysts conclusions continued links president bush received classified president daily brief september indicating intelligence community evidence linking september attacks credible evidence iraq significant collaborative ties furthermore commission concluded collaborative relationship iraq following invasion iraq remained support war stating enormous success story visits country criticized war critics calling cynical gain political advantage soldiers died iraq response senator asserted hard government official credibility iraq march extended interview conducted turkey correspondent fifth anniversary original military assault iraq responded question public opinion polls showing americans lost confidence war simply video remark prompted widespread criticism including oklahoma republican congressman long time personal friend second term bush elected presidential election running running mate election pregnancy daughter mary sexual orientation lesbian source public attention light sex marriage debate stated favor gay marriages personally individual state decide permit chief legal counsel chief staff remained office departure office served national security adviser indictment resignation served roles morning july served acting president bush transferred power presidency prior undergoing medical procedure requiring later resumed powers duties day term began occasionally asked interested republican nomination elections maintained wished retire term run presidential republicans nominated arizona senator john_mccain disclosure documents prominent member commonly known energy task force comprised energy industry representatives including executives scandal bush administration accused improper political business ties july supreme_court ruled disclose documents containing references companies agreements previous iraqi government extract iraq petroleum beginning staff opted file required reports office charged assuring executive branch protects classified information allow inspection record keeping refused release documents citing executive privilege deny congressional information requests media outlets time magazine questioned created fourth branch government subject laws group historians open government advocates filed lawsuit district_of_columbia asking court declare vice presidential records covered destroyed taken withheld public proper review cia leak scandal october washington_post reported vice president office central investigation cia leak scandal chief staff lewis figures investigation following indictment resigned positions chief staff assistant national security affairs september deputy secretary state publicly announced source revelation status said conspiracy reveal identity know existed february reported stated grand jury superiors including authorized disclose classified information press intelligence iraq weapons march convicted counts justice making false statements federal investigators closing arguments independent prosecutor said cloud vice president apparent reference interview fbi agents investigating case public lobbied president vigorously unsuccessfully grant presidential pardon day barack_obama inauguration soldier battlefield assassination attempt february suicide bomber killed people wounded outside airfield afghanistan visit claimed responsibility attack declared intended target claimed supervised operation bomb went outside gate inside base half mile away reported hearing blast saying heard loud boom came told attack main gate purpose visit region press pakistan united policy characterized powerful influential vice president history supporters critics regard politician knows functions federal government sign active policy making role house speaker provision office near house floor addition office ceremonial office senate offices floor senate actively promoted expansion powers presidency saying bush administration challenges laws congress passed vietnam contain oversee executive branch freedom information act words restoration power authority president june washington_post summarized vice presidency pulitzer prize winning series based interviews administration officials articles characterized shadow president usually words counsel president policies cases powers presidency vice president suggested office largely ceremonial reportedly replied different understanding president articles described having secretive approach tools government indicated use security classification man sized offices articles described influence decisions pertaining detention suspected terrorists legal limits apply questioning especially constitutes torture colonel served chief staff chairman time secretary defense later secretary state stated depth interview established alternative program mutual distrust cia washington_post articles principally written characterized having strongest influence administration shaping budget tax policy manner assures conservative highlighted scenes influence administration environmental policy ease pollution controls power plants facilitate disposal nuclear waste open access federal timber resources avoid federal constraints greenhouse gas emissions issues articles characterized approach policy favoring business environment june allegedly attempted block efforts secretary state strike controversial compromise deal north_korea communist state nuclear program july official stated publicly office pushed significantly large scale report health effects global warming fearing presentation leading health official harder avoid regulating greenhouse gases october report appeared pages cut testimony white_house stated changes concerns accuracy science according senior adviser climate change administrator office directly responsible nearly half original testimony deleted role president broke signed brief case district_of_columbia successfully challenged gun laws nation capitol second amendment grounds february appearance abc week reiterated support torture captured terrorist suspects saying remain strong proponent enhanced interrogation program post vice presidency washington_post reported purchased home virginia washington suburbs tear replacement structure maintains homes wyoming maryland political activity july wyoming home host private fund republican presidential candidate million contributions attendees campaign subject documentary film world according march showtime television channel reported subject hbo television mini series based book documentary dark produced maintained visible public profile leaving office especially critical obama administration policies national security spoke support sex marriage prominent republican politicians speaking stated people ought free enter kind union wish kind arrangement wish believe historically way marriage regulated state level state issue think way ought handled today reportedly encouraged maryland state legislators vote sex marriage state custom vice president unofficially receives months protection president obama reportedly extended protection period july cia director told senate house intelligence committees cia withheld information secret counter terrorism program congress years direct orders intelligence congressional officials said unidentified program involve cia interrogation program involve domestic intelligence activities said program started counter terrorism center cia shortly attacks september fully operational involving planning training took place year wall_street_journal reported citing intelligence officials familiar matter program attempt carry presidential authorization capture kill said positive influence republican_party think better kind turmoil change republican_party outside views president obama publicly criticized president obama presidential election december days attempted bombing international passenger flight netherlands united_states criticized obama war president obama pretends aren makes safe doesn want admit war doesn fit view world brought doesn fit goal presidency social transformation restructuring american society response director wrote official white_house blog following day telling vice president focused criticizing administration condemning attackers unfortunately engaged typical washington game pointing fingers making political hay instead working find solutions country safer february appearance abc week reiterated criticism obama administration policies handling suspected terrorists criticizing mindset treating terror attacks united_states criminal acts opposed acts war interview praised obama administration operation resulted killing guest called barack_obama weak president amid ukrainian unrest memoir august published memoir time personal political memoir written book outlines war terrorism war afghanistan run iraq war called enhanced interrogation techniques events according author vice presidency book differs publicly available records details surrounding surveillance program exceptional world needs powerful america published book exceptional world needs powerful america authored daughter liz book traces history foreign policy military successes failures administration obama administration authors tell story describe unique role united_states played defender freedom world world war drawing notion american authors criticize barack_obama secretary state hillary_clinton foreign policies offer solutions needed restore american greatness power world stage defense freedom public perception early public opinion polls favorable unfavorable reaching peak approval rating wake september attacks percent polling numbers president gradually declined second terms reaching lowest point shortly leaving office percent poll figures consistent polls april approval disapproval january approval disapproval january approval disapproval january approval disapproval january approval disapproval july approval disapproval march approval disapproval april awarded honorary doctorate public service delivered commencement address selection commencement speaker controversial college board trustees issued statement explaining invitation viewed extended holding high office vice president united_states partisan political figure permitted protest occur long personal attacks attack administration church presidency compared characterization originated critics later adopted members family staff result having admitted signed called enhanced interrogation techniques program public officials media outlets advocacy groups called prosecution anti torture war crimes statutes president book destiny power american odyssey published november 41st president critical vice president bush describes having empire hard line personal life member methodist vice president serve methodist president wife chair public speaker author senior fellow couple children elizabeth liz seven grandchildren liz married general counsel mary employee colorado baseball team campaign aide bush election campaign open lesbian currently lives virginia wife heather publicly supported gay marriage leaving vice presidency president book destiny power american odyssey released november 41st president critical vice president bush describes having empire hard line health problems long histories disease periodic need urgent health care raised questions medically fit serve public office having smoked approximately packs cigarettes day nearly years heart attacks age subsequent attacks resulted moderate left underwent vessel bypass november urgent balloon march june september underwent hour procedure repair treatment technique knee condition discovered regular physical july life threatening hospitalized tests experiencing breath months later late april revealed smaller march treated deep vein left leg experiencing pain left doctors prescribed blood medication allowed return work reported morning november diagnosed underwent treatment afternoon july underwent exam doctors reported normal year old man history heart problems annual administered imaging placed knees doctors said experienced special detected treated october returned hospital briefly treat minor january strained moving boxes new house consequence wheelchair days including attendance united_states presidential inauguration february admitted experiencing chest pains spokesperson later said experienced mild heart attack doctors run tests june admitted reporting discomfort early july outfitted left assist device heart compensate heart failure device pumped blood continuously body released august decide seek heart pump result remained alive pulse nearly months march underwent seven hour heart procedure virginia age waiting list months receiving heart anonymous donor principal advised patient healthy year old man expect live years saying family authorized interview considered healthy hunting incident february shot year old texas attorney participating hunt armstrong ranch texas secret service agents medical aides traveling came assistance treated wounds right cheek neck chest ambulance standing vice president took nearby flown helicopter february non fatal heart attack lead shot lodged near heart small size doctors decided leave pieces lodged body try remove stated notified sheriff hour shooting iii stated heard shooting day ranch owner informed corpus times shooting televised interview shooting february called incident accident early reports indicated friends injuries minor told washington_post close friends acquaintances asked apologized declined answer sheriff office released report shooting february witness statements february indicating shooting occurred clear sunny day shot yards away searching downed bird armstrong ranch owner claimed hunting party wearing blaze orange safety gear drinking acknowledged beer hours prior shooting documents support official story party creations incident produced corpus times indicated actual shooting distance closer yards claimed incident hurt popularity standing polls according polls february weeks accident approval rating dropped percentage points incident subject number jokes satire works exceptional world needs powerful america isbn heart isbn time personal political memoir isbn kings hill power personality house_of_representatives new_york isbn asset peace progress center strategic international studies isbn
Dick Cheney