shark confused reef shark shark species requiem shark family common coastal tropical subtropical waters world including habitats genetic analyses revealed substantial variation species populations western atlantic_ocean isolated distinct rest range shark stout body pointed snout long gill slits ridge dorsal fins individuals black tips edges pectoral dorsal pelvic caudal fins usually length swift energetic sharks known spinning leaps water attacking schools small fish demeanor described compared large requiem sharks juveniles adults form groups varying size like members family shark viviparous females bear pups year young sharks spend months lives shallow grown females return born birth absence males females capable reproduction normally wary humans sharks aggressive presence food responsible number attacks people species importance commercial recreational fisheries parts range meat skin fins liver oil assessed iucn basis low reproductive rate high value taxonomy shark described french zoologist der type specimens individuals caught martinique lost later authors moved species genus specific epithet latin bordered referring black edges shark fins common names shark include shark common small shark grey shark ground shark phylogeny evolution closest relatives shark originally thought graceful shark spinner shark similarities morphology behavior interpretation borne studies mitochondrial dna instead suggest affinity shark work required fully resolve relationship shark species analysis mitochondrial dna revealed distinct species occupying western atlantic occupying eastern atlantic indian suggests sharks descended eastern atlantic western atlantic sharks isolated widening atlantic_ocean formation panama sharks regions differ morphology coloration life history characteristics eastern atlantic lineage merit species status fossil teeth belonging species found early deposits delaware florida description shark robust streamlined body long pointed snout relatively small eyes pairs gill slits longer similar requiem shark species jaws contain tooth rows teeth jaw upper jaw tooth lower jaw teeth broad based high narrow edges dorsal fin tall shaped short free rear tip ridge runs second dorsal fins large pectoral fins pointed coloration gray brown white conspicuous white stripe running sides pectoral fins second dorsal fin lower lobe caudal fin usually black tips pelvic fins rarely anal fin black tipped dorsal fin upper lobe caudal fin typically black edges larger individuals unmarked nearly unmarked fins sharks temporarily lose colors species maximum known length typical maximum known weight distribution habitat shark worldwide distribution tropical subtropical waters atlantic found massachusetts brazil including gulf_of_mexico caribbean_sea mediterranean_sea occurs periphery indian_ocean south_africa madagascar indian southeast_asia western pacific found southern china northern australia including philippines indonesia eastern pacific occurs baja california peru reported number pacific islands including hawaii sharks found water deep continental shelves dive favored habitats muddy bays island drop offs near coral reefs tolerant low enter swamps individual found distance offshore sharks inhabit oceanic waters seasonal migration documented population east coast united_states moving north north_carolina summer south florida winter biology ecology shark extremely fast energetic predator usually found groups varying size segregation sex age occur adult males females found apart pregnant females separated juveniles florida nursery area species juvenile form day disperse night aggregate strongly early summer sharks youngest suggesting seeking refuge predators larger sharks numbers predator avoidance reason juvenile areas highest prey density bay adults known predators known parasites shark include attach shark skin species family behavior like spinner shark shark known leap water spin times axis landing jumps end product feeding runs shark vertically schools small fish momentum launches air observations bahamas suggest sharks jump water attached shark skin compromise shape speed attained shark jumps estimated average sharks disposition consistently lose sharks sharks equal size competing food threatened challenged perform display shark threat turns away rolling lowering pectoral fins head tail upwards making sideways biting motions entire sequence lasts seconds behavior similar actions shark attempting behaviors possibly derived feeding fish shark diet wide variety fish recorded prey species herring sea emperors feed rays smaller sharks sharks crustaceans cephalopods occasionally taken gulf_of_mexico important prey shark gulf followed atlantic south_africa herring important prey hunting peaks dawn dusk sharks makes prone feeding large quantities food suddenly available fishing vessels dump refuse overboard life history requiem sharks shark exhibits females typically birth seven range pups year making use shallow coastal offer plentiful food fewer predators known include bay gulf_coast florida bay coast south_carolina coast brazil adult sharks highly mobile disperse long distances return original nursery areas birth results series genetically distinct breeding stocks overlap geographic range mating occurs spring early summer young born time following year gestation period months females functional functional separated compartments single embryo inside embryos initially sustained yolk sac 10th 11th week gestation embryo measures long supply yolk exhausted yolk sac develops connection embryo birth length birth eastern united_states north_africa mortality rate months life major threats predation starvation young remain fall migrate grounds growth rate species age months year second year year maturation year adults size maturity varies geographically males females mature respectively northeastern atlantic respectively gulf_of_mexico respectively south_africa respectively north_africa age maturation years males years females lifespan years year old female shark virginia marine science center found pregnant single near term female despite having male genetic analysis confirmed offspring product form reproduction merges polar body form earlier case event suggests reproduction widespread sharks previously thought human interactions sharks showing curiosity divers reported remain safe distance circumstances sharks regarded highly dangerous humans aggressive presence food size speed invite respect lists attacks fatal provoked attacks species sharks responsible annually shark attacks florida attacks species result minor wounds common large sharks coastal waters shark caught large numbers commercial fisheries world fixed nets hook line meat high quality marketed fresh frozen dried addition fins shark fin soup skin leather liver oil sharks important species northwestern atlantic shark fishery second shark flesh considered superior shark resulting requiem shark species sold shark united_states shark significant indian mexican fisheries caught varying numbers fisheries mediterranean northern australia shark popular recreational florida caribbean south_africa listed game fish hooked species strong steady fighter jumps water number sharks taken recreational united_states approached surpassed number taken commercial fishing assessed shark low reproductive rate renders vulnerable united_states australia countries manage fisheries catching sharks cases regulation occurs umbrella management schemes multiple shark species large coastal sharks category shark conservation plans specifically species implemented
Blacktip shark