historians king kingdom known king involve affairs known primarily inscriptions mention son thought person inscribed bronze found area near northern anonymous king date reign rulers usually thought distinct french scholar studying inscriptions shown successor lived earlier half 3rd century inscription inscriptions represent oldest surviving royal inscriptions alphabet oldest found regions eastern northern area rich pre artifacts inscriptions pre kingdom called found region inscription mentioning evidence existence western red_sea inscription written like object interprets meaning royal emblem inscription meaning uncertain taken mean taken place names according text mean king gave possession south arabian expert translates inscription king occupied passages king gods assuming south arabian involvement mentioned south arabian inscriptions ally king inscription rib temple moon god according inscription reads agreed war peace rise safety security allied translates text slightly differently sent diplomatic mission order form alliance interpret palace time parallel palace parallel parallel kings inscriptions territories control inscription confirms text mentioning allied son later abandoned alliance king reign powers joined alliance time invasion help culminated defeat occupation capital attack represented major shift policy attack king married sister helped suppress revolt previously allied troops attack immediately following conquest allied ally second inscription sanctuary reign successor describes events predecessor reign inscription tells diplomatic mission sent results unknown text later goes describe war southern highlands implying negotiations futile lost battle result alliance allowing south arabian forces expel son forces capital previously held alliance despite loss held territory evidenced inscriptions detail known clash troops reign peace established death war involvement renewed successors 3rd century dominated conflicts legacy likely king involved south arabian affairs known king mentioned south arabian inscriptions reign resulted control western parts territory northern highlands furthermore military alliances conquests saudi_arabia required formidable fleet feats extension influence southern saudi_arabia reflect new power involvement mark beginning centuries involvement culminating scale invasion king resulting establishment province covering preserved tradition traditional king lists variants crop listed king list meaning appears sixth list appears list legendary mentioned short chronicle king lists composed centuries fall kingdom generally agree archaeological records concerning famous kings
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