city located southeastern portion province new_brunswick canada situated lies geographic centre city earned nickname hub city central location region history railway land transportation hub city proper population land area km2 population making largest new_brunswick second largest largest atlantic_canada includes neighbouring city town adjacent suburban areas albert counties area originally settled considered officially founded arrival immigrants philadelphia initially agricultural settlement incorporated city named col british officer captured nearby fort century earlier significant wooden industry developed community allowing civic incorporation economy collapsed 1860s causing town lose civic charter regained charter community economy rebounded mainly growing railway industry chosen headquarters remained railroad town century closure locomotive shops late 1980s economy twice collapse industry 1860s closure locomotive shops 1980s city able rebound strongly occasions city adopted motto rebirth railway town present city economy stable primarily based traditional transportation distribution commercial heritage supplemented strength educational health care financial information technology insurance sectors strength economy received national recognition local unemployment rate consistently national average history settled head reference river map settlement river valleys began gradually extending inland reaching site present day settlers area established farming community chose settlement elbow allusion bend river near site settlement nearby fort captured english forces command col region including river valleys subsequently fell english control later year governor issued decree ordering expulsion population nova scotia including recently captured areas action came known great reaches upper valley came control pennsylvania dutch settlers arrived establish pre existing farming community settlers consisted families plaque dedicated honor mouth hall creek renamed settlement bend bend remained agricultural settlement nearly years households community time road open year round travel regular mail coach service established halifax bend important transfer rest station route decade important industries area turning point community took expanded shipyard bend expanded shipyard ultimately grew employ workers bend subsequently developed service based economy support shipyard gradually began acquire amenities growing town prosperity wooden industry allowed bend incorporate town town named col clerical error time town incorporated resulted community present day mayor years later european north american railway opened line nearby followed line opening time arrival railway popularity steam powered ships forced end era wooden shipyard closed resulting industrial collapse caused surrender civic charter economic depression long second era prosperity came area selected headquarters railway canada arrival seminal event community years history city firmly linked railway able town adopted motto latin rise year later line quebec opened railway boom associated employment growth allowed achieve city status april grew rapidly early 20th century particularly provincial lobbying helped city eastern terminus massive project merged federal government newly formed system shops major locomotive repair facility headquarters maritime division catalogue warehouse moved city early 1920s employing seven people transportation distribution increasingly important economy middle 20th century airport opened quickly important fixture community second world war canadian army built large military supply base city service maritime military establishment continued dominate economy city railway employment peaked nearly thousand workers 1950s beginning slow decline placed network early 1960s route built northern perimeter city subsequent development saw route built city time river causeway constructed founded institution important resource development culture area late 1970s 1980s saw period economic hit city major employers closed catalogue division locomotive shops facility closed time throwing thousands citizens work early 1990s saw rise information technology led centres use city bilingual workforce late 1990s retail manufacturing service expansion began occur sectors decade closure locomotive shops employment losses dramatic turnaround fortunes city termed miracle growth community continued 1990s actually accelerating confidence community bolstered ability host major events rolling_stones concert memorial cup athletics neutral site regular season football game recent positive developments include later renamed achieving university status relocating new campus greater airport opening new terminal building designated international airport opening new bridge canada officially bilingual city census officially designated census metropolitan area largest metropolitan area province new_brunswick geography lies southeastern new_brunswick geographic centre city located north bank point river bends west east north south flow geographical feature contributed significantly historical names given community language translated meaning bends like bow early settlers region named community means elbow subsequent english immigrants changed settlement bend simply bend river valley broad relatively flat bounded long ridge north rugged highlands south lies original head navigation river causeway constructed resulted extensive river channel downstream rendered area april causeway gates opened effort restore laden river tidal bore river exhibits north_america tidal regularly occurring wave travels river leading edge incoming tide bore result extreme tides originally bore impressive metres height extending kilometre width area wave occur twice day high tide travelling average speed mph producing bore popular early tourist attraction city causeway built 1960s river channel quickly reduced bore rarely exceeds centimetres height april causeway gates opened effort restore laden river recent tidal bore opening causeway gates measured foot high wave unseen years nearby natural features natural attractions near major national parks hour drive city salt water beaches north virginia found minutes away nearby town new_brunswick signature natural attraction half hour drive river valley located near alma includes historic lighthouse fossil cliffs scenic adventure tourism includes nature trails freshwater marsh viewing platforms nearby attractions hour city include centre site beach nova scotia world heritage site climate despite climate tends continental maritime summer winter seasons maritime influences somewhat transitional seasons spring autumn warm summer continental climate climate classification uniform precipitation distribution winter days typically cold generally sunny solar radiation generating warmth daytime high temperatures usually range degrees freezing point major result easter ocean storms moving east coast north_america major typically average frequently mixed rain freezing rain spring frequently delayed sea ice forms nearby previous winter requires time melt cool onshore winds extend inland far ice burden gulf diminished considerably course decade consequence global warming cooling effect weakened result daytime temperatures freezing typical late february trees usually leaf late summers hot humid seasonal prevailing westerly winds strengthening continental tendencies local climate daytime highs reach rainfall generally modest especially late july august periods drought uncommon autumn daytime temperatures remain mild late october usually occur late november consistent snow cover ground happen late december coast new_brunswick occasionally experiences effects post tropical storms weather year greatest precipitation strongest winds usually occurs fall winter transition november mid january generally remains low rise city city skyline encompasses buildings structures varying architectural styles periods dominant structure city metres microwave communications tower built constructed tallest microwave communications tower kind north_america remains tallest structure neighbouring metres bell tower tallest free standing structure atlantic provinces assumption place story office building headquarters building metres height tied square tallest building province large story building downtown stories tall building distinctive encompasses city block largest office building city terms square footage home half dozen buildings range stories height including terminal plaza office complex urban parks popular park area contains artificial beach cross country skiing hiking trails city largest playground lawn bowling tennis facilities boating pond adventure course city owned seat football stadium artificial turf home city main parks city north end largest urban nature parks canada located numerous neighbourhood parks metro area include bore view park downtown features flower gardens fountain city extensive system hiking trails trail trans canada trail system monuments found length population census halifax maritime cities register population increase recent years majority residents native english speakers city substantial french speaking population speak english french languages speak languages language speak language city population bilingual understands english french canadian cities approach level linguistic ottawa montreal officially bilingual city country adjacent city benefited ongoing rural areas northern eastern new_brunswick town heavily census metropolitan area grew fastest rate metropolitan area atlantic_canada census metropolitan area population national census makes largest metropolitan area province new_brunswick second largest halifax estimated population includes city population town salisbury migration areas new_brunswick especially north nova_scotia ontario new arrivals city people living city population visible minorities blacks south largest visible minority groups comprising city population respectively growing korean community economy local economy based heritage commercial distribution transportation centre central location largest area atlantic_canada million people living hour drive city insurance information technology educational health care sectors major factors local economy city hospitals employing thousand people garnered national attention strength economy local unemployment rate averages national average named best city business canada magazine named fifth business friendly small sized city north_america number nationally prominent corporations head offices including assumption life insurance atlantic centres city employ people larger centres include ing direct ups growing high tech sector includes companies test arms corporation head offices major operations greater include master packaging farms subsidiary opened main distribution centre group companies employs thousand people region large industrial parks metropolitan area operations concentrated industrial park industrial park city west end expanded opened brewery new brewery years industrial parks large concentrations regional facilities new lane bridge opened connecting downtown directly downtown bridge connects extension serve catalyst economic growth downtown area evident expansion completed opened new regional law courts assumption opened construction begin new downtown seat events centre arena site square shopping centre connects new ring road town expected serve catalyst development east retail sector important pillars local economy major retail projects place trinity drive major destinations locals tourists alike tourism important industry historically owes origins presence natural attractions tidal bore optical illusion tidal bore phenomenon attraction construction causeway 1960s effectively attraction city northwest outskirts city famous attraction area includes addition phenomenon golf course major water park zoo outdoor concert facility million casino hotel entertainment complex opened arts culture seat restored 1920s era house main street main centre cultural entertainment city theatre hosts performing arts series provides venue theatrical performances adjacent offers space smaller performances casino new_brunswick provides seat venue major touring artists performing groups based tours mainly atlantic_canada tours nationally internationally occasion live theatre company auditorium performance space street based nearby university town private dance music metropolitan area including performing arts school major cultural cooperative containing multiple studios galleries tenants centre houses principal private art gallery city city main museums place mountain road reopened following major renovations expansion include discovery centre includes hands exhibits highlighting city transportation heritage city recognized historical sites free meeting house built new_england style meeting house located adjacent home city industrialist built maintained period style serves research centre home organizations located adjacent bore view park dated architectural style surviving building pennsylvania dutch era oldest surviving building province new_brunswick home festival annual bilingual literary celebration held honour world renowned literary critic favourite son event attracts noted writers poets world takes place month april held july largest annual gathering classic cars canada notable events include august comedy festival world wine festival held spring sports facilities seat arena serves venue major concerts trade shows home major recreational facility built property includes soccer fields indoor complex ice surfaces indoor air supported multi use building sports dome large allow year round football soccer golf activities newly constructed near extensive weight training facilities indoor pools contains indoor track metres swimming pool diving towers new stadium located campus built world junior track field championships permanent seating capacity events professional canadian football atlantic_canada metro area total indoor hockey clubs public sporting recreational facilities scattered metropolitan area including new million aquatic centre opened new seat downtown arena events centre approved expected open facilities hole golf courses census metropolitan area residential courses housing developments existing construction golf clubs considered championship courses jones designed golf course canada notable courses include valley golf club sports teams play major junior hockey won president cup championship played baseball won canadian senior baseball championship known member number active university sports programs including hockey soccer teams canadian sport program historically home professional franchise won defeating began play seven charter franchises professional began play formed merger major events hosted large sporting events held hometown losing championship final rival hosted canadian sports held second time event taken place city hosted world junior championships athletics largest sporting event held atlantic_canada athletes countries attendance new seat capacity built event campus construction new stadium led directly awarded regular season neutral site game held september neutral site regular season game history played capacity crowd additional regular season games held canadian cities chosen host women world cup major sporting events hosted include tourism entertainment shopping northwestern outskirts city famous attraction gravity hill optical illusion local topography gives impression going fact going downhill magnetic hill illusion popular tourism draw city province built major tourism developments surrounding properties capitalize complex includes nationally award winning zoo animals displayed themed exhibit areas largest zoo atlantic_canada developed popular educational program ranked fourth best zoo canada site largest water park atlantic_canada half dozen large water lazy river wave pool children splash pool hole mini golf course adjacent amusement park construction completed magnetic hill concert site large outdoor concert facility holds large concerts year located nearby rolling_stones performed fans eagles played summer fans played hill crowd concert exceeding magnetic hill concert site developed reputation holding largest concert productions entire country played final concert worldwide tour july casino new encompasses hotel seat entertainment venue opened performance space casino new hosted acts casino circuit present major destinations shopping enthusiasts place square feet largest shopping mall atlantic_canada stores services bass pro complex adjacent managed includes chapters cinema complex includes bass pro shop government municipal government consists mayor city elected year terms office council non partisan mayor serving chairman casting ballot cases tie vote additional selected large general electorate day day operation city control city manager greater area contains new_brunswick provincial electoral districts centre albert members represent greater belong belong federal riding portions federal riding portions riding current federal parliament members metropolitan area belong current federal liberal federal election education school boards administer greater public primary secondary schools schools area schools high schools metro area harrison high school high school area high schools universities campuses greater region publicly funded provincial comprehensive university largest french language university canada outside quebec campus students offers variety undergraduate post graduate degree programs including number health sciences disciplines including degree program offered conjunction private undergraduate liberal arts university affiliated students offers degrees arts science education business religious studies million expansion campus began new buildings constructed allowing enrollment increase students small satellite health sciences campus located hospital offers degrees nursing medical ray technology students medical training program conjunction sees medical students residents based hospital publicly funded principally undergraduate liberal arts university mount traditionally ranked magazine canada undergraduate universities taking honours years located half hour downtown nearby nearly students offers degrees arts fine arts music commerce science including master degrees biology chemistry provides year extension university courses developed formal affiliation flight college allow bachelor degree aviation produced rhodes scholars comparable university commonwealth home campuses system english language college largest campus system enrollment time students hundreds time students provides training different trades technology disciplines major million expansion refurbishment campus recently completed things allowed construction new academic building business program smaller french language provides similar training trades technology sectors private schools offer practical training variety fields offers variety business programs operated school providing training primary home program known campus operating years offer different programs seven different campuses atlantic_canada programs offered areas art design trades canada oldest largest prestigious flight schools visual arts institution specializing graphic design digital media animation new_brunswick oldest private college provides training variety business dental sciences youth care programs new campus constructed central media daily newspaper highest circulation daily newspaper new_brunswick percent city households daily percent residents read week city publications include french newspaper published northern new_brunswick broadcast radio stations city covering variety genres interests stations english french provincial headquarters main production facilities broadcasts community channels cable french cable english french language arm maintains atlantic canadian headquarters broadcast television stations represent major national networks transportation served new airport terminal international arrivals area opened majesty queen elizabeth_ii handles passengers year making second busiest airport maritime provinces terms passenger volume 10th busiest airport canada terms aircraft movements regular scheduled destinations include halifax montreal ottawa toronto hamilton scheduled service providers include seasonal direct air service provided destinations cuba mexico dominican_republic jamaica florida operators including ups atlantic canadian air cargo bases facility home flight college largest pilot training institution canada base regional air service regional transport canada hangar depot second smaller near drive private general aviation operates province nationally certified sports parachute club facility seven regional air traffic control centres canada centre monitors flights year entering leaving north american railways freight rail transportation provided presence diminished greatly 1970s railway maintains large classification yard facility west end city regional headquarters atlantic_canada located passenger rail transportation provided train ocean serving railway station days week halifax montreal downtown station refurbished serves terminal maritime bus bus service lies route leads nova scotia east quebec west route intersects route eastern outskirts heads northeast leading northern new_brunswick route connects route leads route intersects route approximately kilometres west city leads border route serves internal ring road extending exiting city heading inside city expressway bounded end traffic circles urban transit served operated city operates buses routes bus maritime bus provides service region largest hub system major centres new_brunswick served terminal military aside locally formed militia units military significant presence area beginning second world war large military supply base later known constructed railway spur line north downtown shops base served main supply depot large wartime military establishment addition training plan bases built area war service flying training school raf operated supply depot naval listening station constructed help coordinating radar activities north_atlantic military flight training area terminated end world war naval listening station closed remained open supply maritime military establishment end cold war closure early 1990s military presence significantly reduced northern portion base property turned slowly redeveloped southern base remains active property termed affiliated resident components garrison include engineer support unit regular force garrison houses reserve force brigades constituent units 8th canadian princess armoured reconnaissance regiment area support unit provide logistical support base regular forces units left base reserve units remain active remains headquarters health facilities major regional teaching hospitals approximately active treatment beds affiliated home northumberland family medicine residency training program site fourth year clinical training medical students medicine new training program hospital hosts degree programs nursing medical ray technology professional fields specialized medical services hospital include peripheral surgery surgery trauma burn unit medical intensive care adolescent million expansion hospital completed contains new laboratory care centre provincial level trauma centre new clinic built hospital opened late managed beds hosts medical training program local distant degree programs nursing medical ray technology medical laboratory technology administered medical services include medical radiation surgery cardiac lab studied hospital new installed future million expansion care expanded surgery medical training planned hospital location hospital managed magazine stated best health care facilities smaller sized regional cities canada notable people home number notable people including scoring champion world olympic champion distinguished literary critic theorist governor general canada supreme_court justice cleveland developer canada representative commission actor plays showcase hit comedy trailer park boys indie rock musician actress plays series noted canadian conductor musician educator journalist author born graduated author recipient highest honour literature france acclaimed novelist playwright born resides noted pioneering use literature recipient governor general novel pour translated english sure canadian hockey star graduated
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