battle battle july fought french revolutionary wars armies french republic near town kilometres southwest austrians duke tried halt northward advance east bank tough fight austrian commander found left flank turned conceded victory french retreated east located kilometres south saw army facing upper rhine south opposed north ferdinand june compelling rush rescue reinforcements charles defeated 15th forcing pull west bank rhine time shake high command control austrian armies charles absence successfully crossed rhine night june beat july leaving charge north charles rushed south confront near day combat austrians held advantage right wing near french defeated left wing background plans beginning rhine campaign austria armies germany army lower rhine duke left wing man guarded rhine river switzerland prince right wing west bank strong right wing duke ferdinand east bank observing french remaining troops lay west bank powerful garrisons army led deployed right flank center left flank commanded responsible line running north cologne men left wing held french grand strategy designed minister war armies turn austrian flanks strategic plan called start advancing left wing designed accomplish goals hoped cause austrians abandon west bank rhine second draw austrian strength north allow army better chance cross rhine south time army rhine consisted independent divisions assumed command reorganized army corps wings plus small reserve objections men named wing commanders system soon proved worth innovation group heavy cavalry regiments army reserve regiments remained attached infantry divisions june right wing divisions led infantry cavalry infantry cavalry infantry cavalry center divisions commanded infantry cavalry infantry cavalry infantry cavalry divisions infantry cavalry infantry cavalry altogether numbered foot soldiers cavalry plus gunners counting artillery elements total soldiers commanded men operations concluded armistice austrians notified french truce end june minute expired led divisions armistice line heading south charles right wing french beat duke june capturing austrians colors guns june wing began evacuating west bank rhine order concentrate french joined days time austrian high command began transferring austrians italy successes june defeated french battle subsequently west bank rhine retreated north leaving theater given command austrian armies took command assumed leadership advance caused opponents abandon west bank rhine drawn planned mounted operations austrian fortifications opposite order lead enemies thinking main attack june launched successful river crossing defending troops stout fight defeated loss soldiers guns wagons french reported losses subsequently took command reinforced strength austrians 28th beaten french sustained casualties allied losses amounted killed wounded plus men seven guns wagons captured having blocked began moving troops south oppose army early june received news rhine 26th leaving foot horse raced south units army rhine june remained guarding west bank rhine time days french enjoyed numerical superiority opponents remarkable decision switch positions wings led left wing commanded center reorganized army regiments got lost confusion river crossing army expanded moved downstream north moved upstream south operated hills ready support wing french caused retreat rhine fell opportunity smash enemy forces moved slowly started july day wing moved easterly direction seizing enemy positions deep thrust completely separated rest tried hold position attacked battle july assist operation directed valley day division captured french employed infantry cavalry austrians led french turned austrian flanks forcing enemies pull east casualties sides light austrians lost men guns captured found leading elements main body days distant austrians vulnerable situation delayed days allowing charles bring battalions squadrons battle french army july right wing organized division brigades led led 3rd 38th line infantry directed 3rd light 56th line infantry commanded 12th 21st heavy cavalry regiments commanded 4th 8th regiments listed leading division wing counted foot soldiers horsemen date divisions division led 10th 62nd 10th light brigades commanded 4th 8th 6th division directed 50th line 16th light infantry led 7th 10th 17th regiments named division commander command comprised report july showed divisions division brigade included 17th line 100th line 20th 11th division counted infantry cavalry division consisted brigades led line directed 21st light 31st line commanded line 2nd total foot soldiers horsemen gunners wing june report showed present command including 9th july division comprised brigade line detached july 1st 2nd 3rd 9th 14th 15th cavalry regiments cavalry counted army infantry brigades battalions cavalry regiments squadrons squadrons infantry cavalry garrison foot horse watched austrian held fortress chief staff chief artillery men available battalions squadrons austrian army july organized divisions addition personally commanded divisions von brigades led led seven brigades baptist von brigades detached direct command divisions division included brigades division brigades unknown officer corps commanded austrian brigades led brigades austrian order battle july showed army organized columns 1st column included brigades battalions grand duke infantry regiments companies 2nd 3rd battalions squadron led battalions charles battalions squadrons regiment commanded 2nd column consisted brigades led prince mounted units squadrons john led battalions infantry regiment battalion seven squadrons squadrons commanded battalions infantry regiment directed squadrons led 3rd column organized brigades directed commanded battalions infantry regiment companies serbian companies squadrons squadrons squadrons led battalions infantry regiment controlled squadrons directed squadrons squadrons small 4th column commanded consisted battalions infantry regiment battalion squadrons albert saxon infantry battalion battalion van der infantry regiments saxon mounted troops included squadrons squadrons altogether charles troops available combat mounted assault july decision planned attack french 10th french commander planned pin austrians rhine plain turning left flank mountains charles hoped french left near river recapture held austrian right near rhine posted center near defended left center hills held far left near accompanied divisions vice saint cavalry horse artillery ineffective mountains captured twice french recaptured time austrians tried force way french left cavalry checked mounted troops reserve finding horsemen outnumbered near artillery french cavalry bay rhine plain combat evening austrians pushing bad news left flank caused charles halt battalions infantry squadrons cavalry plenty artillery deployed posted battalions north advance guard left division guard started battalions plus borrowed reserve finding marching south turn right flank sent battalions east surprised sent north brigades advanced northwest confronted finding austrians powerful defenses tried draw troops position employing elements french wing commander ordered troops press home assault retreat time came strong resistance attack pushed farther ridge valley fifth assault regimental strength gave way defenders finally reacted sweeping slope cut french sprung trap led companies attack austrian flank reserves bored flank center french troops struck austrian right hidden nearby town austrians gave way french followed ridge right positions men laid heavy fire thrown disorder leader nearly captured length troops emerged triumphant inflicting casualties opponents capturing cannons compelled withdraw east hills soldiers fell results french losses numbered killed wounded plus captured austrians suffered killed wounded captured july charles evacuated ordered forced march east 10th french occupied anxious protect magazines charles halted days believe charles given waited days austrians packed supplies wagons headed east july day moved found gone withdrew rhine valley left troops garrisons river foot horse infantry infantry cavalry foot soldiers contain left troops detailed infantry cavalry watch places austrian garrisons remained austrians caused attacking september accomplished assault austrian soldiers french camp driven enemies charles lost services men fortresses german allies retreated rhine auxiliary forces began negotiate french territories occupied believed charles remained rhine defeated french armies unlike divided command french austrians enjoyed unity command thought correct french strategy french armies join plan army operate austrian flanks strategy succeeded expected win coalition countries different charles issue command expect clash battle august external sources sources identify austrian regiment numbers armies new_york isbn german regiments sources provide names identifying information french austrian generals napoleonic period tony generals served period napoleon series retrieved october smith biographical dictionary austrian generals napoleonic wars retrieved october
Battle of Ettlingen