christian science set beliefs practices belonging family new religious movements developed 19th century new_england argued book science health sickness illusion corrected prayer book central text bible sold million copies followers granted charter found built boston massachusetts fastest growing religion united_states nearly members figure declined church known newspaper won seven pulitzer prizes reading rooms open public cities described return primitive christianity lost element healing key differences christian science theology branches christianity particular adherents radical form philosophical believing reality purely spiritual material world illusion includes view disease mental error physical disorder sick treated medicine form prayer seeks correct beliefs responsible illusion ill health church require christian scientists avoid medical care adherents use physicians broken bones required law maintains prayer effective combined medicine 1880s 1990s avoidance medical treatment led deaths adherents children parents prosecuted cases convicted neglect overview family periods protestant christian revival new religious movements united_states half 19th century included came known family groups divine science later 1890s liberal section movement known new thought distinguish authoritarian term referred movement philosophical belief mental world adherents believed material phenomena result mental states view expressed life consciousness god mind supreme cause referred truth god love life spirit principle father mother reflecting elements berkeley groups known mind cure movement strong focus healing medical practice infancy patients regularly fared better provided fertile soil mind cure groups argued sickness absence right thinking failure connect movement traced roots united_states new_england turned mental motto truth cure patient leading debate based ideas new thought differed saw views unique final revelation idea animal marked distinction people harmed bad thoughts introducing element fear absent new thought literature significantly dismissed material world illusion merely subordinate mind leading reject use medicine making controversial groups reality purely spiritual theology leaders place religion mainstream christian teaching according reject identification new thought movement strongly influenced upbringing founding april wrote wanted primitive christianity lost element healing later suggested kind second coming inspired text manual ordained bible science health pastor according church adherents accept inspired word bible sufficient guide eternal life acknowledge supreme infinite god acknowledge son christ holy ghost divine man god image likeness christian science theology differs respects traditional christianity science health key christian concepts including trinity jesus resurrection edition included christian vocabulary added key scriptures title core theology view spiritual world reality entirely good material world evil sickness death illusion saw humanity idea mind perfect eternal unlimited reflects divine according called mortal man simply humanity distorted view despite view non existence evil important element theology evil thought form animal cause harm harm apparent viewed god person described god discussing term father mother god founder edition referred god god represented synonyms mind spirit soul principle life truth love holy ghost heaven hell states mind prayer process involves scientist engaging silent argument matter practitioners fee including address ill health problems wilson writes healing premises ill health accident claims lead state consciousness things exist realization heal closed system thought viewed performed correctly healing confirms power truth absence derives failure specifically bad thoughts individuals accepted true creation narrative book genesis chapter verse god created man image likeness rejected rest story false material according wilson theology viewed trinity suggestive saw jesus christian scientist way shower humanity god distinguished jesus man concept christ synonym truth jesus person fully manifest divine sacrifice sins humanity forgiveness sin jesus suffering god offerings writes wilson god views life death vague according wilson doctrine soul christian science death individual continues state worked salvation proving truths christian science believe dead living communicate conservative protestant clergy view inspired challenge bible authority viewed cult uses modern sense word anti christian book cases christian scientists expelled christian congregations ministers worried choosing leave correspondent wrote boston mind cure scores valued church members joining christian scientist branch organization far impossible check described appeal new religion birth religion born farm bow new_hampshire youngest children family protestant father deeply religious man according account christianity warfare sin religion human brotherhood common women time given little formal education said read widely home childhood lived protracted ill health complaining chronic spinal according biographers experiencing spells literary critic described kind anthology nineteenth century nervous husband died 23rd birthday months married months son born leaving result poor health lost custody boy sources differ prevented second husband left years marriage said promised child legal guardian unclear lost contact son legal doctrine women united_states children guardians husband gilbert died years married believed killed animal years later apparently need loyalty affection legally adopted year old second son accounts charismatic able inspire great loyalty writes according exemplified female charismatic leader viewed head church death wrote christian scientists beloved leader included articles published journals unusual personality flourished despite numerous disputes initiated followers like patch colour gray communities wrote laid aside air entered room left like people prominent critic described vain jealous ways interesting woman lived extraordinary tried remedy ill health including month stay hill new_hampshire told seven years prior second marriage effectively confined bed room heard healing method developed portland maine self styled interested healing recovering suddenly condition believed consumption tuberculosis attending lecture maine french began named german physician argued existence fluid bodies influence force called animal assistant traveled maine new_brunswick giving demonstrations trance offer mind readings suggestions abandoned realized suggestion apparent came view disease mental state jesus healed arm known wrote arm cause effect addressed intelligence applied wisdom cause jesus relied christ synonym power believed human beings access referred idea february christian science phrase writing wrote patients year sit explain disease minds control wet hands heads talking helped said manipulation began write thoughts work published posthumously generous allowing patients copy essays questions answers issue onwards accused having based work patient met portland october helped stairs consulting rooms spoke highly following month letter truth opposes error giving intelligence matter placing pain placed changes currents system normal action second letter offered supply quotations theory christ jesus returned times staying weeks portland visiting daily wrote regularly composed mid light science sits sage profound mental healing patient march patients portland suffered returned home warren maine stayed months giving mental healing ease breathing problem writing times absent treatment called angel visits letters said seen room april gave public lecture warren contrasting mental healing entitled spiritual science healing disease opposed rochester rapping fall died january months father wrote poem january lines death healed truth christ taught published local newspaper weeks later february slipped ice massachusetts injuring head neck christian scientists fall birth religion decades later wrote day fall helped reading certain bible passage editions identified mark later said matthew passage jesus healing read healing truth sense result rose dressed better health enjoyed physician treated time swore injury responded remedy said healing fall experiences associated development mental healing edition wrote discovery science mentally applied heal sick seeing told laid foundations mental healing practising edition attributed discovery difficulties chronic child editions attributes difficulties linked fall christian science letter prospective student considered healed time unclear weeks fall requested treatment patient june year mayor told city sent letter states owing unsafe condition streets slipped fell causing personal injuries little prospect recovering asking injuries received february husband filed lawsuit city recover damages teaching march month fall husband married years moved room point husband left evicted unable pay weekly rent appears returned briefly moved boarding house july august paid bill fall marriage sent year time divorced student shoe worker house stayed advertised patients offering cure consumption asked crafts set practice plan came addition teaching started write end began work interpretation genesis intended volume book published bible spiritual meaning summer lodging advertised students magazine husband surname promised principle science heal medicine electricity physiology required success difficult cases offered worth bed board treat daughter lung condition teach healing method stayed years teaching unpublished essay questions answers acknowledged manuscript spoke promised teach healing method time called moral science moral science practice asked leave early fell issues including request pay printer publish genesis manuscript apparently ran words returned stay resumed contact kennedy fellow years earlier working box factory earliest students asked join opening moral science practice patients teach agreed pay previous years tuition kennedy rented rooms june placed sign yard kennedy practice popular wrote people kennedy hurt doesn help center shoe industry students factory workers charged raised weeks later week course lessons reduced seven based lessons revised version questions answers manuscript called science man sick healed embracing questions answers moral science shorter manuscripts soul inquiry man written classes questions answers began god answer principle wisdom love truth books mental healing appeared time influenced thinking patient allowed students copies manuscripts forbidden bond showing students agreed pay percent annually income derived work failed practice teach taught patients heads lay hands belief forever kennedy manipulate student head solar class preparation head abandoned women complained having hair stomach held appeal eventually told ignore manuscript healing involve touching patients sued students unsuccessfully royalties practices testified claimed longer needed eat seen dead raised told judge meant seen dead understanding raised kennedy decided end end business partnership accused cheating cards scenes caused walked temporary reconciliation unhappy abandonment head dispute student played local press decided way kennedy settled financial affairs left writes point written pages renting rooms broad street broad street came market march purchased taking students pay mortgage attic room house completed shortly moving close student years old married joined class later left wife hope marry feelings seven students agreed form association pay certain week preach sunday called placed sign broad street according regular turnover tenants domestic staff accused stealing house blamed turn people according gossip attractive woman men came went engaged hurt wrote light course believe free love love publication book called science life july students paid boston printer company produce edition printer began work september stopped advance payment ran progress slow book science health chapters pages finally appeared october published book positively received wrote modern phrase christian revelations pleased written woman printer poor called edition chaotic poorly topics spelling mistakes changed second edition poorly edition switched time cambridge successor continued print book death 6th edition added key scriptures later retitled key scriptures page containing definitions biblical terms book sold copies august advice hired editor literary adviser issue contributed controversial clergyman book editor 16th edition 50th editions appeared according literary speaking death said rewritten wrote toned style affected thinking letter july wrote change meaning bring continued revise book death added chapter healing christian science sentinel editions final ran chapters pages seven major revisions according members encouraged buy income derived sale rings pictures mary baker asked christian scientist buy dozen afford copyright expired church persuaded congress extend bill supported president richard_nixon aides law overturned unconstitutional challenge independent group sold million copies sickness error expanded view sickness mental error people said simply reading healed claimed cancer wrote december article called christian world personally healed tuberculosis visit cancer eaten flesh neck exposed vein stood like cord physically restored sight blind hearing deaf speech dumb lame walk wrote views derived having witnessed apparent recovery patients treated drinking plain water concluded argued naming reading disease turn thoughts physical symptoms recording ages reduce human lifespan explain individuals harmed poison holding beliefs referred power majority opinion allowed exceptions prayer including broken limbs said healed broken bones mental surgery skill learned believe medicine incompatible medicine asserts needs fixed asserts spiritual reality perfect beliefs contrary need corrected 1890s studied healing published founded senior thesis wrote claims based self diagnosis reports doctors attributed effect medical lecturer called patients victims obscure nervous writes key christian science appeal time success rate compared favorably physicians particularly came women health doctors medical school surgical practices poor comparison effect treated matter treatment worked stark argues elaborate intensely psychological christian science treatments maximize effects having advantage causing harm animal january approach surprise married students gilbert believed student business partner plotting weeks wedding suspected hinted october successor instead expelled money filed lawsuits royalties unpaid tuition fees wrote required absolute students conviction center plots counter plots feature life believed students called animal evil thought referred animal mental mental influence wilson writes concept animal important added page chapter 16th edition book editor chapter reduced renamed final edition seven page chapter called animal spoke openly including press husband died told boston_globe animal killed argued reality entirely spiritual entirely good remained true human beings affected belief evil meant power power illusion evil like bankrupt credit granted writes wilson defend organized watches students known mental workers adverse treatment enemies called taking enemy thought according students tell mind affected wish affect evil thought kennedy poisoned set called secret society students known private meeting deal animal said group met twice later years wilson writes concluded individuals ought taken thought came animal force felt students focusing public discussion animal declined adds continued play important role teaching christian science private secretary years life wrote hour long watches held home times day protect manual members practising requires teachers students defend mental return evil evil trial conspiracy charge brought case salem massachusetts practicing came known second salem trial case filed patients said appeared court brown behalf preparation hearing organized hour watch broad street asked students think hours block arrived court supporters including cloud witnesses according boston_globe judge dismissed case attempt tried end dispute october husband student charged murder said offered complex series claims counter claims charges dropped witness retracted statement attributed allegation plot students undermine sales second edition published lawyer apply attachment order house collect fee growth establishing church boston august members granted charter form services held people homes later hall boston january granted charter form teach moral science application treatment disease college lived new sign appeared broad street october revolt church members resigned signing document complaining frequent temper love money appearance students remained including loyal personal assistant appointed pastor church november drew resolution february chosen messenger god nations despite support ended time church struggling reputation damaged disputes years old decided boston early rented house columbus avenue silver plaque announcing arrival college published offered members lesson course years practice doctor christian science life character conform divine science students study science scriptures mental healing textbooks october closed college students took course person married couple making rich woman wrote turned possibly death gilbert husband gilbert died heart disease june shortly boston invited boston_globe home day death killed animal courtesy certain parties boston sworn globe wrote doctor performed autopsy showed husband heart responded giving interviews wrote articles household real life version charismatic beautiful interest women rights mind cure shortly death moved door columbus avenue students following year founded later called spread news ideas united_states church building accused promoting reverend gordon letter read popular monday lectures temple boston demanded right reply march told congregation believed god supreme described healing christ come destroy power flesh wrote occasion marked emergence american religious life church building erected wisconsin local women believed helped payment mortgage church purchased land street boston erection building asked prominent scientist establish church new_york end christian science teaching sprung united_states december moved room house commonwealth avenue boston teaching classes year probably equivalent members united_states having started years earlier debt debt single controversial issue life according source stood accused having copied identified texts example open letter church dated september published miscellaneous writings identical essay man integrity published english reader acknowledged influence early years prospective student asked methods replied later drew distinction methods arguing involved mind healing depended connection february patient accused letters teaching work response said experimented mental healing years met wrote later caught thoughts caught pleased issue went court september complained student copied parts pamphlet counter claimed copied place son unwilling produce father manuscripts sent country fearing litigation won case things stirred pamphlet called publication true history mental healing charge christian science came divine revelation stemmed use manuscript right teaching said helped fix unpublished work stood accused having copied biographers wrote son held identical copy wife manuscript teaching dated february months met july new_york_times obtained copy manuscript son passages highlight similarities published notes manuscript newspaper alleged transition words manuscripts published biographers continued disagree influence director church argued far thought concerned practically animal worked church wrote influenced influenced argued taken huge gill general similarities started teaching course week classes started calling professor wrote hundreds students practising knew helped world took place year practitioners charged practicing medicine licence acquitted trial convictions overturned appeal charge march massachusetts attended daughter daughter death baby survive defense argued died medical attention corner acquitted dismay secretary resigned distanced corner telling attended college term entered class 1990s parents practitioners prosecuted acquitted adults children died medical care charges ranged neglect second degree murder declared war christian scientists journal called similar ideas communities spreading diseases reluctant convict defendants believed helping patient opposition effort strengthen medical licensing laws writes courts public debate witnesses linked healing claims early christianity gain support christians christian scientist wisconsin won case allowed son attend public school despite smallpox arrested avoiding smallpox epidemic georgia advised adherents obey law appeal gospel save bad results october seven year old daughter died white plains new_york received medical care authorities pursued charges controversy prompted declare public thought better acquainted christian scientists shall decline doctor infectious diseases time church required report diseases health boards close students graduate apparently need affection loyalty adopted legally november year changed year later october closed according state attorney investigating colleges graduating medical students mortgage land boston church purchased purchased middle man worth considerably told church land building condition formally dissolve church apparently intended internal rebellions following year dissolved wilson writes allowed create central church controlled person board directors answered gave church stability helped survive death cornerstone containing bible writings list directors financial contributors laid bay area boston church members raised funds construction building finished december cost contained mother room tower personal use furnished rare books dressing gown spent night later turned storage room room italian marble word mother engraved floor years boston membership exceeded original church capacity block church purchased people completed cost million attracted criticism christian scientists spent money magnificent church maintained hospitals missions went fastest growing american religion early 20th century federal religious census recorded christian scientists years later seven churches united_states figure risen churches began appear countries england canada view prominent contemporaneous critic article published cosmopolitan october appeared book wrote secret history world empire replaces christianity pope described sees money power glory vain jealous arrogant concerned shallow incapable reasoning outside commercial lines selfish science health called strange frantic argued written christian science wrote god time series individual man individual horse god series equal apart felt ambivalent mind cure arguing thing wholly beautiful daughter christian scientist wrote book awake perfect day articles history appeared magazine installments january june preceded editorial december essence articles included court documents associates chief concern money derived material published book life mary baker history christian science key source non church histories religion editor chief assigned writers work series including novelist principal author book kept print early life church bought original manuscript republished copyright expired friends suit death march relatives filed unsuccessful lawsuit friends suit members household alleging unable manage affairs long time personal assistant particular target allegations page story october headline said dying cancer staff taken control fortune woman public newspaper persuaded family friends file lawsuit joined action including biological son adoptive son interviewed home august judge concluded mentally competent response stories asked church july found christian science monitor platform responsible journalism appeared november year motto man mankind went win seven pulitzer prizes died years later evening saturday december aged announced end sunday morning service passed sight said time come death christian scientists look return world estate valued million left church decline census height religion popularity counted christian scientists united_states million movement decline church sold buildings free funds closed churches los_angeles sold million building sold converted estimated scientists united_states million according church said time new members admitted africa united_states offered numbers manual prohibits church publishing membership figures provide names practitioners scientists trained offer prayer behalf practitioners united_states worldwide stark writes clusters practitioners listed living retirement communities stark attributes rise movement centuries factors chiefly medical practice infancy patients fared better medical treatment prayer favorable comparison factors included church retained cultural continuity christianity stressing christian adopting terms despite new content introduced members expected drink smoke pleased exceptions avoidance medicine permitted percent united_states female percent population church attractive women offered professional opportunities difficult women find work outside home practitioners lessons practitioners listed edition women increased medicine world war heralded religion decline stark charts use kill bacteria availability 1940s factors increased career opportunities women membership elderly percent christian scientists time movement began spread stark writes characteristics earliest members movement tend reproduced subsequent converts significant percentage scientists remained single placed little emphasis marriage family scientists children adults unlikely converted missionaries relied internal growth conversion rate families high study cited stark people raised percent scientists healing practices prayer avoid medical treatment relying instead prayer prayer consists arguing oneself appeals personal god set words wrote repeat god seven synonyms love spirit soul principle mind spirit substance mind man image likeness mind intelligence spirit substance love love reality deny religions existence evil symptoms illness concludes writes asserting disease lie word god power heal practitioners certified charge fee prayer practitioners worldwide united_states charged mail telephone face face consultation training week lesson course called primary class based chapter practitioners wanting teach primary class day normal class held boston years teachers nursing homes offer medical services nurses christian scientists completed course religious study training basic skills feeding bathing christian science sentinel publish healing accompanied statements people know witnessed healing integrity sharing writes seriousness treated ignores factors false caused self limiting conditions negative accounts published strengthen people tendency rely anecdotes church published accounts april church study published examined church said involved conditions medically diagnosed medically confirmed follow examinations report offered evidence medical follow listed report flaws failed compare rates successful unsuccessful treatment religious main criticism face children denied equal protection law sick disabled children told thing wrong incorrect thinking practitioners told parents parents thoughts harm children church maintains members free choose medical care said fear regards failure seek medical care children child neglect regardless motivation united_states christian science church persuaded federal local government create maintain religious exemption statutes amendment free exercise clause reads congress shall law establishment religion prohibiting free exercise thereof life threatening situations children access medical care early access seriousness illness recognized encouraged educate physical conviction christian scientist mother year old died medical care massachusetts church lobbied welfare add religious exemption code federal regulations added stated parents provide medical treatment child religious reasons considered states obliged include lose funding wording clear referred largely result lobbying legal duty government eliminated regulation states guam district_of_columbia religious civil codes child abuse neglect february states allowed religious compulsory june australia church group religious exemption april government said planned remove child deaths cases early 1990s prosecutors charged adults children died illnesses medical care death year old pneumonia massachusetts 20th century known church child cases according mother convicted sentenced years probation prosecution church began lobbying religious month old died detroit michigan parents persuaded seek timely medical care responded founding legal duty child seven parents united_states prosecuted convictions overturned year old died phoenix arizona living months leg inch parents pleaded guilty reckless prominent case massachusetts commonwealth saw parents year old convicted died conviction overturned court ruled couple reasonably believed rely prayer prosecuted time church held liable overturned appeal year old died minnesota church sent christian science nurse sit doctors testified saved injection hours death mother stepfather charged charges dismissed boy father sued mother stepfather nurse nursing home church awarded million damages later reduced million million damages church overturned award church nursing home finding judgment forced church abandon teaching central unconstitutional individuals duty care boy church nursing home church christ scientist governance hierarchy boston uses definite article church city called followed city example london church closes city renamed founded april led president person board directors public relations department known representatives world set protect church reputation church accused 1990s internal criticism firing staff practitioners members church administration headquartered corner massachusetts avenue boston acre site includes mother church extension building houses mary baker library church administrative staff sunday school building church building includes story administration building designed housed administrative staff church departments children fountain reflecting pool manual manual mother church published lists church laws requirements members include daily prayer daily study bible science health members church periodicals afford pay annual tax church dollar include engaging mental visiting store sells books joining churches publishing articles religion medicine courts law publishing number church members manual prohibits engaging public debate christian science board approval learning includes golden rule member shall drive goes continually house summer resort near purpose services clergy rituals performs marriages main religious texts bible science health church readers read aloud texts services select hymns sunday morning wednesday evening services members offer wednesday meetings success attribute including recovery ill health notable members notable scientists included directors central intelligence admiral richard_nixon chief staff chief domestic advisor nasa astronaut naval officer survived sinking concentration scientists film industry including day raised parents include military analyst actor raised left church son child prominent publishes periodicals including winner seven pulitzer prizes daily circulation contracted moved largely online presence weekly print run 1980s church produced television programs founded hour news channel closed heavy losses months church publishes weekly christian monthly herald christian science non english publication april online issues journal sentinel herald available online subscribers church faced internal dissent decision publish destiny written privately printed president book suggested woman apocalypse new testament family bequeathed million church condition publish authorize book money stanford_university church published book available reading rooms senior employee fired failing support church decision editorial staff religious journals resigned end parties disputed making book available constituted authorization split ways works
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