maximum sustained wind maximum sustained wind associated tropical cyclone common indicator intensity storm mature tropical cyclone found eyewall distance defined radius maximum wind unlike gusts value winds determined sampling averaging sampled results period time wind measuring standardized globally reflect winds metres earth surface maximum sustained wind represents highest average wind minute minute time span definition tropical cyclone surface winds highly variable friction atmosphere earth surface near hills mountains land ocean satellite imagery determines value maximum sustained winds tropical cyclone land ship aircraft reconnaissance observations radar imagery estimate quantity available value helps determine damage expected tropical cyclone use scales saffir simpson scale definition maximum sustained wind normally occurs distance center known radius maximum wind mature tropical cyclone eyewall winds decrease farther distances away tropical cyclone center weather agencies use definition sustained winds recommended measuring winds height metres minutes taking average united_states national weather service defines sustained winds tropical cyclones averaging winds period minute measured metres height important distinction value highest minute sustained wind greater minute sustained wind period determination value tropical cyclone basins use satellite based dvorak technique primary method determine tropical cyclone maximum sustained winds extent spiral banding difference temperature eye eyewall technique assign maximum sustained wind pressure central pressure values centers low pressure approximate intensity example hurricanes derived time landfall maximum intensity tracking individual clouds satellite imagery future estimating surface winds speeds tropical cyclones ship land observations available atlantic basins reconnaissance aircraft utilized fly tropical cyclones determine flight level winds adjusted provide fairly reliable estimate maximum sustained winds reduction percent winds sampled flight level estimate maximum sustained winds near surface determined past decade use gps weather radar manner determine surface winds tropical cyclones near land variation friction atmosphere earth surface causes reduction wind surface earth surface leads significant variation wind speeds land winds maximize hill mountain leads lower wind speeds valleys lee slopes compared water maximum sustained winds land average lower specifically city rough terrain wind gradient effect cause reduction wind speed aloft open water ice reduction relationship tropical cyclone strength scales basins maximum sustained winds define category atlantic northeast pacific oceans saffir simpson scale scale determine possible storm surge damage impact land basins category tropical cyclone example tropical depression tropical storm hurricane typhoon super typhoon depression deep depression intense tropical cyclone determined cyclone maximum sustained wind australia quantity define tropical cyclone category basin wind gusts
Maximum sustained wind