direct grant grammar school direct grant grammar school type selective secondary school england wales existed quarter places schools directly funded central government remainder attracted fees paid private pupils average schools received half income state status introduced education act modification existing direct grant scheme privately endowed schools direct grant grammar schools grammar schools maintained local authorities formed academic tier system varied greatly size composition average achieved higher academic results maintained grammar schools independent schools state secondary education reorganised comprehensive lines late 1960s early 1970s direct grant phased schools required choose maintained comprehensive schools fully independent schools schools roman catholic joined state system closed rest including secular schools independent remain highly selective independent schools origins 19th century boys girls england wales received secondary education available private schools time secondary provision expanded adjusted growing demand start century boarding schools like sons aristocracy endowed grammar schools decline classical seen irrelevant industrial age schools reformed endowed schools act led diverted creation girls schools meantime range schools appeared roman catholic relief act mid century irish immigration catholic teaching orders ireland mainland europe began establish grammar schools new schools established initially joint stock companies converting charities successful largest companies later trust set provide affordable academic education girls established schools century wealthy schools received annual grants county councils grant system created fund early secondary schools education act gave counties county responsibility schools designating local education authorities secondary schools controlled voluntary bodies receive grant local authority return required meet board regulations subject system state funded schools act secondary schools grant required admit specified proportion intake usually free charge state elementary schools suitable pupils selected scholarship examination circular directive issued required schools choose single source grant receive direct grant central government grant aided local authority secondary schools receiving direct grant compared aided local authorities division intended purely administrative convenience local authorities gradually gained influence schools aided schools weak financial position great depression depression falling birth rate pre war years weakened independent schools schools receiving direct grant time state funded sector grown point universal secondary education changes society idea popular proposals reorganisation maintained sector including new accommodation voluntary schools response persuaded president establish commission lord july consider means association general education system country developed extended direct grant scheme education act aimed introduce universal system secondary education england wales system types schools pupils sitting plus exam determine type school sent academic tier grammar school act revised terms direct grant operate alongside maintained grammar schools aided schools schools unable cope costs reorganisation required act offered status voluntary controlled voluntary aided schools state pay running costs capital costs fully integrated state system new direct grant scheme modification proposals direct grant grammar school provide places free charge children spent years maintained primary schools reserve places paid required remaining places attract fees child admitted achieved required standard plus schools inspected majesty schools governing bodies appointed require approval secretary state raise fees carry building work scheme attractive direct grant schools secondary schools receiving direct grant applied join new scheme rest independent schools addition grant aided schools applied join scheme schools including grant aided schools accepted direct grant grammar schools list opened applications received accepted direct grant grammar schools alongside maintained grammar schools direct grant scheme act provision fund places independent schools areas shortage appropriate places maintained schools example lack selective places selective places roman catholic schools late 1960s independent schools places funded way seven funded characteristics schools direct grant schools height educated secondary pupils england wales independent schools accounted level students proportions rose respectively schools single sex slight majority girls schools roman catholic schools schools north england historic county lancashire including manchester yorkshire inner london wales average pupils direct grant grammar schools state funded proportion varied greatly schools direct grant schools similar teacher pupil maintained grammar schools fees regulated match costs schools proportion teachers second class degrees slightly lower maintained counterparts principal difference maintained schools greater freedom influence variation schools group middle class institutions tending closer independent schools social composition average quarters pupils came white collar homes including fathers management children semi skilled workers average intake schools academically selective maintained grammar schools independent schools results high pupils staying age going university significantly greater proportions groups schools types schools great deal variation direct grant grammar schools according discussed section schools types boundaries clear cut called group regional schools large highly academically selective day schools large sixth forms located near large cities boys schools belonging direct grant grammar school largest high master elevated outspoken advocate school sent boys university rate surpassed independent close schools large girls school similar academic collegiate school founded schools achieved university admission rates older public schools turn moved raise academic standards admission increase focus academic achievement high profile schools formed popular image direct grant grammar school accounted quarter second group consisted schools boys girls significant proportion majority pupils schools boys including methodist schools boarding schools tended smaller academically selective direct grant schools larger proportion fee paying pupils tended socially selective nearly quarters pupils having fathers management group roman catholic schools nearly direct grant schools boys girls predominantly day schools took small proportion fees lower direct grant tended higher proportion funded pupils schools took pupils average proportion tended socially mixed pupils managerial professional homes children semi skilled workers schools similar maintained roman catholic grammar schools outnumbered lacking having lower fee income financially secure direct grant fourth group non local grammar schools intake able average maintained grammar schools covering broader range included schools girls day school trust comprehensive reorganisation post war period parts world moved selective education comprehensive schools catering children abilities dissatisfaction system grew 1950s concern harsh division school population age loss economy submerged quarters secondary modern schools experiments comprehensive schools spread yorkshire labour government elected promising state secondary schools comprehensive lines following year science distributed circular requesting prepare plans reorganisation schools circular requested consultation direct grant schools participation comprehensive system reason direct grant schools excluded consideration set fallen little progress local negotiations proposed circular catholic girls schools southampton school converted fully comprehensive intake expanding pupils proposed minor adjustments vast majority unchanged view lack progress asked october add direct grant schools investigation commission chaired issued second report concluding grammar schools traditional kind combined comprehensive system education choose want fee paying compatible comprehensive education recommended schools choose voluntary aided independence conservatives came power action taken schools begun leave scheme starting independent half places funded followed educational following year queen merged form respite provided early 1970s conservative education secretary raised level grant lowered labour government abolition legacy labour returned power enacted direct grant grammar schools cessation grant regulations required schools choose maintained comprehensive schools independent schools grant remaining direct grant grammar schools church_of_england rest catholic applied join state sector accepted schools dependent state funding comprehensive education supported roman catholic hierarchy objections connected schools school trent approved join state system independent instead following campaign parents plans proceeded local objections schools closing comprehensive schools sixth form colleges merging schools small school girls northwest wales closed time remaining schools including large secular ones independent grant phased remaining state funded pupils left coincided mid-1970s recession difficult time independent schools direct grant schools lost intake local boys schools replace lost places echo direct grant scheme introduced conservative government lasting approximately thirds places held direct grant grammar schools independent sector soon recovered prospered competition state grammar schools small number roman catholic direct grant schools entered state sector grant maintained schools secular schools subsequently remain independent typically highly selective strong academic included highest performing independent day schools longer bridge state private sectors schools independent sector sharply distinguished state system situation educational
Direct grant grammar school