true bugs order insects comprising species groups shield bugs range size share common arrangement true bugs limited insects commonly known bugs belong orders example fly bug beetles feed plants piercing extract plant parasitic predators feed insects small invertebrates live wide variety habitats generally terrestrial species adapted life surface fresh water young somewhat resemble adults capable producing young eggs helps reproduce extremely rapidly favourable conditions humans interacted species important agricultural damaging crops direct action indirectly viral diseases species biological control insect cultivated extraction known bed bug persistent parasite humans food appeared literature ancient greece diversity largest order insects undergoing complete containing named species orders species stage described species group diverse majority species terrestrial including number important agricultural found freshwater habitats include water pond giant water bugs taxonomy phylogeny present members order referred historically placed orders called based differences wing structure position order divided established molecular analysis song supports included song analysis suggestion debated phylogeny described contentious molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested like closest relatives collectively form fossil record goes oldest fossils thought basal appear appear extend lower appeared biology defining feature modified form modified capable piercing tissues supports contains channel outward movement inward movement liquid food pump drives prey pump extracts liquid prey pumps powered substantial muscles head usually folded body use diet typically plant assassin bugs blood predators predatory begin food taken body include weaken tough cell walls plants break proteins vary widely overall form form distinctive insect orders modified like include reasons generally easy recognize non similarly resemble closer inspection differences considerable aside insects confused biting instead examples include longer antennae beetles fully hardened overlap wing structure entirely partially hardened greek half wing referring hardened near base ends wings modified manner termed singular analogy completely hardened beetles occur present entirely usually shorter held body typical held flat ends overlapping typical antennae typically consist segments long legs segments sound production produce sound communication song male insect produced organs underside abdomen attract mates cuticle repeatedly making sound way metal lid jam sounds produced aquatic ridges life cycle meaning undergo complete change form phase adult phase instead young called resemble adults greater degree times grow resembles adult previous wing grow later stage final transformation involves little development functional wings present functioning sexual organs intervening stage insects life cycle females produce eggs clones mother young female population times produce offspring species viviparous young born live laid eggs adaptations enable reproduce extremely rapidly conditions suitable use variety modes including swimming skating water surface jumping walking flying like insects swimming skating families water bugs adapted aquatic lifestyle water water predatory legs adapted help animal water water associated water use surface tension standing water surface include sea genus truly marine group insects propulsion effect propulsion exploits change surface tension soap like released water surface way toy soap boat water bugs genus travel twice fast walk means flight flight developed short distance movement dispersal wing development related environmental conditions winged forms occur winged forms produced greater numbers food resources depleted transported long distances atmospheric high altitude winds jumping including representatives adapted jumping example jump rapidly depressing hind legs jumping hind legs raised pressed tightly curved attain velocity metres second acceleration power output greater normal muscle implying energy stored released catapult insect air larger extend hind legs jump implying elastic storage energy sudden release lifestyles contrast females completely attached host plants thin feeding taken plant quickly ecological roles feeding modes piercing feed plant include scale insects groups host specific found plant taxon feeding plant groups feed species plant relationship plants appears ancient piercing plants evident period dramatically cut mass affected plants especially major change mix plants predation seeds feeding roots certain species host different times year spend winter eggs woody host plant summer females plant higher concentration nitrogen positive pressure unlike number groups feed feeding common feeding non tissue leaves leaf feed tissue likely encounter defensive secondary plant leads evolution host feeding special habit found especially facing tend overcome negative pressure requires special pump feeding typically micro organisms gut help convert produce variety organisms feed form associations liquid low insects process large quantities meet requirements lower contains organic minerals required nutrients utilised mix control potential liquid consumed striking adaptation diet found filter chamber gut looped permits nutrients separated excess water water quickly sticky honey notably including containing plant plant tissues inducing production tissue covers protects insect act nutrition feed example causes woody leaf tree produces protective hardened predators predatory feeding insects small true aquatic species predatory adults predatory shield bug example stabs body predatory contains digestive species insects adapted predation toothed able cut tissues prey adapted tubular canals extract pre contents prey species attack pest insects biological control soldier bug body larvae colorado beetle mexican beetle parasites described parasites feeding blood larger animals include kissing bugs assassin bug family transmit dangerous disease known feed way extinct assassin bug found amber dating million years transmitted disease causing amber included hairs likely host bat species protect farm gathering eating relationship benefit ants yellow breed species taking eggs found new colony return associated breeding mainly wholly inside ants protect plant bugs natural enemies removing eggs predatory beetles preventing access parasitic similarly ants rain forest costa_rica compete ants protect milk gave larger offered better protection prey defences predators parasites form prey predators including birds invertebrates response evolved adaptations death toxic ward predators able direct attacker toxic compounds accumulated food plant long legged bugs mimic twigs rocking simulate motion plant wind masked hunter bug sand grains hind legs fan form double layer grains outside amazon rain forest display bright red flash coloration threatened sudden contrast helps predators giving time escape coloured patch concealed rest olive green patch size enabling insect switch rapidly cryptic behaviour bold warning coloration red black appear deter birds including scale insects especially wax protect threats fungi insects predators factors like hard especially important scale insects means escape predators evade detection attack creating living inside plant attached segment produce form offering measure protection parental care found species especially members numerous species shield bug females stand guard egg clusters protect egg predators aquatic females lay eggs male guards eggs protection provided ants common interaction humans species significant crops garden plants including species scale insects species harmless damage plant fact transmit viral diseases plants produce amounts encourages growth mould significant include scale pest citrus fruit trees green peach attack crops worldwide transmit diseases jumping plant host plant specific transmit diseases pest control members families predators predatory species biological pest control include members families primarily genus family alternating plant based animal based diet example control tomatoes deprived plant tissues die presence insect products positive uses humans production created guidelines declare added product scale insect produces brilliant red coloured acid deter predators scale insects need collected processed kilogram similar number bugs needed kilogram brush wood finish additional uses traditional product include citrus fruits extend shelf life coating pills moisture proof provide slow release mask taste bitter ingredients human parasites disease disease modern day tropical disease caused transmitted kissing bugs called suck human blood lips person sleeps bed bug external parasite humans lives mainly active night feeding human blood generally noticed bed bugs mate traumatic male female abdomen sperm secondary structure sperm travel female blood sperm storage structures seminal released eggs inside food larger food asian countries china african countries insects high protein content good food conversion small useful component human diet species eaten worldwide art literature featured literature time homer motifs decorative art chinese dynasty described aristotle history animals elder natural history mechanism sound production mentioned poem flowers sitting tree weary summer season forth wings song mythology folklore bugs particular money folk medicine forecast weather provide song china folklore myths world threats large scale cultivation oil palm amazon basin damages freshwater habitats reduces diversity aquatic semi aquatic climate change affecting global migration including potato warming severity potato increased warming future
Hemiptera