née grant jamaican woman scottish african descent set british hotel lines war described mess table comfortable quarters sick officers provided wounded servicemen battlefield posthumously awarded voted greatest black acquired knowledge medicine caribbean war broke applied assist refused travelled independently set hotel assisted battlefield wounded extremely popular service personnel raised money faced war death forgotten century today celebrated woman successfully racial prejudice biography lands earliest mixed race woman aspects accuracy questioned claimed achievements exaggerated political reasons erection statue thomas hospital london june describing pioneer nurse generated controversy controversy broke united_kingdom late reports proposal remove country early life born kingston jamaica daughter scottish soldier british_army lieutenant free jamaican woman mother traditional caribbean african ran boarding house considered best hotels kingston acquired nursing skills autobiography states early experiments medicine based learned mother doll progressing pets helping mother treat humans proud scottish ancestry called term commonly racially neutral sense refer children white settlers indigenous women autobiography records good scots blood veins father soldier old scottish family legally classified person limited political rights robinson speculates technically personal autobiography contemporary stereotype lazy proud black ancestry writing shades deeper brown skin shows related proud relationship poor held enslaved bodies america owns west indies outpost british_empire late 18th century britain foreign trade britain economic interests protected massive military presence line infantry regiments serving spent years household elderly woman called kind returning mother treated member family received good education educated daughter scottish officer free black woman respectable business held high position jamaican society visited london stayed year visited relatives merchant family london number black people records companion west indian skin darker shades children little brown nearly white according returned london approximately year later bringing large stock west indian preserves sale later travels unprotected woman sponsor unusual practice returned jamaica caribbean returning jamaica old illness finally returning family home hall death years later worked alongside mother occasionally called assist british_army hospital caribbean visiting british colony bahamas spanish colony cuba new republic haiti records travels mention significant current events christmas rebellion jamaica partial abolition slavery abolition slavery married hamilton kingston november marriage described lines conclusion chapter autobiography middle names intriguing robinson reports legend family illegitimate son 1st mistress emma adopted thomas local surgeon man indicates nelson left diamond ring friend lord given late husband godfather mention nelson merchant poor constitution newly married couple moved opened provisions store failed returned early 1840s suffered series personal disasters family lost boarding house fire kingston august burned replaced described better husband died october followed mother period grief says stir days composed turned bold fortune assumed management mother hotel rapid recovery hot blood sharp edge grief sooner europeans thought nurse secretly hearts absorbed work declining offers marriage later widely known respected particularly european military visitors jamaica stayed hall treated patients cholera epidemic killed attributed outbreak infection brought steamer new_orleans louisiana demonstrating knowledge theory hand experience benefit years central_america half brother edward moved panama approximately miles coast followed family trade establishing accommodate travellers eastern western coasts united_states number travellers increased enormously california gold rush limit rainy season lasts june december travellers ride approximately miles trail pacific_ocean coast miles river atlantic_ocean vice versa dry season river subsided travellers switch land river miles farther downstream settlements submerged formed panama canal travelled visit brother shortly arrival town struck cholera disease reached panama hand treat victim survived established reputation brought succession patients infection spread rich paid treated poor free rich poor succumbed preferring lead lead water boiled preparations moderate success faced little competition treatments coming little inexperienced doctor sent government roman_catholic_church epidemic population later expressed resistance claiming plague despair performed autopsy orphan child cared gave decidedly useful new knowledge end epidemic survived cholera return passed july military duty men party died disease shortly route despite problems disease climate panama remained favoured route coasts united_states seeing business opportunity opened restaurant hotel described rooms smaller bedroom larger serve soon added services barber wet season ended early joined traders packing records white american giving speech leaving dinner wished god best woman asked listeners join shades removed entirely black went means acceptable company deserves replied firmly appreciate friend kind wishes respect dark happy useful respected respect value declined offer drank general reformation american manners notes use american clear english supposed white moral intellectual superiority comments positions responsibility taken escaped american slaves panama army public offices commenting wonderful freedom equality elevate men records americans attributes fact slaves briefly ran woman hotel late travelled home jamaica journey delayed difficult encountered racial discrimination trying book passage american ship forced wait later british boat soon arriving home asked jamaican medical authorities minister victims severe outbreak yellow fever found little epidemic severe memoirs state boarding house saw die wrote sent medical authorities provide nurses sick claim bring nurses went left sister nurses house went camp mile kingston best little severity epidemic returned panama early business affairs months later moved establishment fort miles away near superintendent related late husband read newspaper reports outbreak war russia left jamaica news escalating war reached panama determined travel england volunteer nurse experience pride glorious war described chapter autobiography war war lasted october april fought russian_empire alliance united_kingdom france ottoman_empire majority conflict took place peninsula black_sea turkey thousands troops countries involved drafted area disease broke immediately hundreds perished cholera hundreds die waiting shipped voyage prospects little better arrived poorly staffed hospitals medical provision wounded britain letter times october triggered secretary state war approach form detachment nurses sent hospital save lives interviews quickly held suitable candidates selected left turkey october travelled navy bay panama england initially deal investments gold mining businesses attempted join second contingent nurses applied government offices arrangements departure underway memoir wrote brought ample testimony experience nursing example officially cited medical officer west gold mining company applied fund raised public subscription support wounded sponsorship travel met refusal finally resolved travel resources open business cards printed sent ahead announce intention open establishment called british hotel near mess table comfortable quarters sick officers shortly caribbean acquaintance arrived unexpectedly london formed partnership assembled stock supplies embarked dutch screw steamer january maiden voyage constantinople ship called malta encountered doctor recently left wrote letter introduction visited asked bed night intended travel day join business partner memoirs reported meeting friendly asking want lies power shall happy told night journey able find dark bed found breakfast sent morning kind message memoir states subsequently saw miss meetings recorded text transferring stores transport ship remainder following set day voyage british lacking proper building materials gathered abandoned metal wood spare moments view debris build hotel found site hotel place christened spring hill near miles main british supply road british camp near mile british headquarters hotel built salvaged packing cases iron sheets salvaged architectural items glass doors window frames village hired local labour new opened march early visitor noted french chef travelled help improve diet british soldiers records meeting work describes old dame appearance shades darker white lily requested advice manage business advised concentrate food service beds visitors slept board ships harbour tents camp hotel completed july total cost included building iron containing main room shelves storage attached kitchen wooden sleeping enclosed stable yard building stocked provisions shipped london constantinople local purchases british camp near french camp nearby sold needle anchor army officers visiting meals served hotel cooked black kitchen provided outside catering despite constant particularly livestock establishment prospered describes meals supplies provided officers closed daily sundays cooking leisure moments wash hands roll roll called frequent visitor praised offerings noting offered champagne visit special correspondent times newspaper wrote work doctors manner men extraordinary success attendance near battle field aid wounded earned poor fellow near time departure acknowledged favourable views consistent known meeting remarks knew women sides told encounter know miss fond passed gave board lodging related inquiries replied smile like leaves hear deal good poor soldiers want nurses wrote brother law went troops selling provisions near british camp attending casualties brought trenches valley widely known british_army mother apart serving officers provided catering spectators battles spent time miles north observer occasion attending wounded troops fire right thumb injury healed entirely dispatch written september special correspondent times wrote warm successful physician doctors manner men extraordinary success attendance near battle field aid wounded earned poor fellow blessing russell wrote miss chef point wearing brightly coloured highly conspicuous clothing bright blue yellow contrasting colours lady later recalled personally spared pains visit field minister hands things comfort alleviate suffering freely giving pay late august route final assault september french troops led british beaten dawn sunday september city burning control clear fallen russians retreated fortifications north harbour later day fulfilled bet british woman enter fell having obtained pass toured broken town bearing visiting crowded hospital docks containing thousands dead dying russians foreign appearance led stopped french rescued passing officer looted items city including church bell altar metre long painting madonna fall hostilities continued fashion business day prospered interim period officers taking opportunity enjoy days theatrical performances horse racing events provided catering joined year old girl sarah known described egyptian beauty daughter sarah blue eyes dark hair alleged sarah illegitimate offspring colonel evidence met visited jamaica time nursing ailing husband speculates thomas day sarah father pointing unlikely meeting panama england unusual business partnership peace talks began paris early friendly relations opened allies russians lively trade river treaty paris signed march soldiers left difficult financial position business provisions new goods arriving daily creditors demanding payment attempted sell possible soldiers left forced auction expensive goods lower expected prices russians returning homes evacuation allied armies formally completed july conspicuous foreground dressed riding habit leave returning england poorer left contribution welfare british troops summed professor black british nurse claimed successful mixed race immigrant britain led adventurous life memoir lively read kind generous friends customers army navy officers came rescue fund declared bankrupt vastly exaggerated ease suffering effective existed said word dying closed eyes dead war probably greatest kindness serve hot tea cold suffering soldiers awaiting transport hospital wharf deserves credit rising occasion tea save lives pioneer nursing advance health care london end war returned england poor health conclusion autobiography records took opportunity visit lands return journey robinson attributes state requiring roundabout trip arrived august considered setting shop day hampshire attended celebratory dinner soldiers royal surrey gardens august chief guest honour reports times august news world august indicate huge crowds protecting pressure crowd creditors supplied firm pursuit forced street increasingly dire financial straits street declared bankrupt november robinson speculates business problems caused partner day horse trading set unofficial bank debts time began wear military medals mentioned account appearance bankruptcy court november bust based original depicts wearing medals identified british medal french medal robinson says apparently award having joined britain france supporting turkey russia war stated obituary june received russian medal identified formal notice award exists london gazette unlikely formally rewarded actions bought miniature dress medals display support affection sons army plight highlighted british press consequence fund set prominent people donated money january day granted certificates bankruptcy day left seek new opportunities funds remained low moved street cheaper square early triggering plea punch fund raising kept public eye wanted travel india minister wounded indian rebellion new secretary war lord financial troubles fund raising activities included held royal surrey gardens monday july thursday july successful event supported military men including major general lord commanded lord artists performed including military bands orchestra conducted attended crowd circa entrance charge night tuesday performance production costs high having financial problems immediately festival result received quarter profits event eventually financial affairs ruined company resolved march indian mutiny page autobiographical account travels published july lands autobiography written black woman britain priced copy cover bears striking portrait red yellow black ink robinson speculates dictated work editor identified book improved grammar work deals years life short chapter chapters years panama following chapters detail exploits avoids mention names parents precise date birth short final conclusion deals return england lists supporters fund raising effort including duke wellington duke newcastle prominent men military book dedicated lord commander division wrote preface witnessed devotion courage trust england forget sick sought wounded aid performed offices dead later life joined roman_catholic_church circa returned jamaica changed absence faced economic prominent figure country running short money fund resurrected london new patrons including duke edinburgh duke cambridge senior military officers fund able buy land duke street kingston near built new home plus larger property rent london robinson speculates drawn prospect rendering medical assistance franco prussian war likely approached sir husband sister member parliament buckingham closely involved time wrote letter kept bad house responsible improper conduct london joined periphery royal circle prince victor nephew queen_victoria young lieutenant customers carved marble bust exhibited summer exhibition personal princess wales suffered white leg died home london cause death noted left estate valued specific exactly main sister lord colonel trustees fund left received diamond ring said given late husband lord nelson short obituary published times buried roman catholic cemetery london recognition known end life rapidly faded public memory work overshadowed years recent years resurgence interest efforts properly acknowledge achievements case study racial attitudes social britain nineteenth century cited example hidden black history like magic lady dark scarce seen flame florence better remembered caribbean posthumously awarded headquarters christened followed quickly naming hall residence jamaica ward named memory grave rediscovered service held november impressive restored centenary death celebrated memorial service english_heritage blue plaque erected residence george street westminster march removed site redeveloped green plaque unveiled george street westminster october blue plaque positioned square lived 21st century prominent buildings entities mainly connected health care named mayor london editor spectator wrote learning daughter school speculated find facing grim possibility education introduced life story taught primary schools alongside florence voted place online poll great black portrait identified class stamps showing important commemorate anniversary british buildings organisations commemorate mary centre nursing practice created web based collection research based evidence good practice information relating health needs minority ethnic groups resources relevant multi cultural health care mary research centre leicester problem based learning room george named houses mary building new buildings bear new headquarters street mary ward douglas centre named annual prize recognise develop leadership nurses health visitors named acknowledge achievements exhibition celebrate birth opened london march originally scheduled months exhibition popular extended march campaign erect statue london launched november chaired baron design sculpture planned erected grounds thomas hospital announced june significant opposition statue unveiled june feature film life short animation adapted book entitled mother published celebrations featured bbc portrayed dimensional sculpture erected controversies recognition provoked reaction argued promoted expense attempt promote professor written support attack reputation pioneer public health nursing opposition statue thomas hospital grounds connection institution stated qualify mainstream figure history nursing letter times signed members including historians biographers asserted battlefield took place post battle selling wine spectators kind generous battlefield fire pioneer nursing article times literary supplement asked come viewed pioneer modern nursing comparing black nurse concluded deserves credit rising occasion tea save lives pioneer nursing advance health care appears appendix key stage national curriculum example significant victorian historical figure requirement teachers include lessons end reported removed opposing historical consultant stated medical achievements exaggerated removing curriculum mistake argued accomplishments exaggerated anybody contrary view afraid accused racism asserted case argued leaked proposal remove concentration solely large scale political military history fundamental shift away social history daily_telegraph argues plans new history curriculum mean women children learn queens january operation black vote launched petition request education secretary drop wrote letter times protesting removal declared successful february approximately signatures forced
Mary Seacole