tennessee rural unincorporated community tennessee united_states located banks mississippi_river founded 1820s post office established 1830s town early center river commerce shipped cotton annually memphis pastor methodist congregation appointed fortunes community began decline late 1840s failed railroad development unfavorable mail route factors fort tennessee built early civil war second fortification constructed later year civil war town burned twice union_army forces settlement located second bluff landscape dominated valleys carved soil product erosion surface soil composed derived eroded found different qualities different stages erosion beneath surface consists glacial gravel situated southeastern edge area high earthquake risk earthquakes recorded radius miles settlement located humid subtropical climate zone climate characterized hot humid summers mild winters dedicated park intended promote civil war history community unique views mississippi_river available wider public population consists dozen dwellings economy rural community dominated agriculture major industries businesses present south operates camp history european settlement europeans began settling land east mississippi_river inhabited centuries prior arrival europeans land southwestern kentucky ceded jackson purchase sides agreed transfer signing early 19th century terrain provided promising locations harbor mississippi_river area estimated population early 1820s investors owners land form years later miles north memphis water described area good landing mississippi_river joining mississippi_river north accessible brown chose site lay plan promising river town culture gives date official establishment reports date foundation settlement named leader united_states congress virginia cotton commerce success located banks mississippi_river topography provided ideal harbor river stages center commerce tennessee town early rival memphis commercial superiority mississippi_river important shipping point tennessee shipped cotton mississippi_river year cotton shipped memphis peak commercial success community called great depot commission warehouses dry goods stores physicians tavern population approximately time town hotels businesses private schools 1830s newspapers published recorder whig 1830s bank founded line provided connection jackson twice week commercial success attributed use slave labor cultivation cotton corn beans cultivated recorder early 1830s landowners announced public slaves offered rewards runaway stolen slaves decline fortunes declined later 1840s 1850s factors starting shortly establishment town years settlement founded dispute ownership land town established arose faulty land title land owner new_york pending lawsuit prevented growth population residents community bought land town founded settlement unfavorable mail line early lasting influence fortunes town mail route established end branch route mail line received mail week failed railroad development contributed demise town residents unsuccessfully tried county seat financial depression failed attempt cut canal problems negative impact future commercial prosperity civil war town burned twice september residents building residences businesses second time civil war fortifications fortification built january memphis appeal published pro proposal build fort defend memphis april tennessee governor ordered establish camp complete fortification troops tennessee arkansas stationed location accomplish task june cannons reported ready trained future leaders received training fort wright fort tennessee military training camp soldiers gain experience construction fortifications setup artillery batteries defensive position mississippi_river july powder magazine left second confederate stronghold area civil war constructed fall fortification situated mississippi_river mile southwest dispatch published new_york_times march described rough incomplete feet river position fortification allowed view mississippi_river miles upstream downstream longer existence destruction general troops assumed control memphis surrounding areas trying area union control frustrated constant guerrilla activity sector confederate area weakened union forces mississippi_river september union supply ship eugene fired ordered destroy place leaving house mark place union_army soldiers burned retaliation guerrilla attack superior officer general reported given public notice repetition guerrilla attacks justify measures retaliation burned second time federal soldiers geography climate geography located elevation sea level feet surface soil area composed different qualities different stages erosion surface soil consists slope found frequently flooded plains soil severely eroded memphis slopes soil consists memphis slopes consists moderately eroded memphis slopes remaining surface soil composed sands including fine sandy clay approximately area covered water parent material memphis pleistocene fine slightly coherent sediment eroded consists extremely fine sandy particles forms environments provide sufficient moisture soil usually caused occasional flooding precipitation soil derived eroded referred landscape settlement situated second bluff eastern bank mississippi_river high grounds mississippi_river flood plains composed eroded pre historic glacial gravel west community banks mississippi_river flat cotton fields east dominate rural landscape surrounding settlement years general landscape changed town described valleys carved landscape product erosion caused stream river seasonal precipitation water elevated locations drainage basin landscape cut soil mississippi_river water erosion centuries present modern times roads road jackson miles east established route connected towns villages way times week memphis connected direct travel route later 1830s road mail line jackson memphis mail delivered weekly horseback exact routing segment memphis unknown fragment route bearing feet length existence remaining piece old road located miles north mouth feet east mississippi_river south mouth memphis remaining fragment old road destroyed land historic mail route located industrial property publication dated reports approached rear good roads located near good roads civil war exception modern roads area paved route passes miles southeast tennessee state route passes miles southeast town roads county level converge shown table portion road located flood plains segment prone flooding waterways located eastern bank mississippi_river south lower mouth 1820s accessible miles federal agency responsible waters flood protection peacetime wartime tasks spent ensure navigation mississippi_river boats barges provide flood protection immediately surrounding areas town contracts include surveying mapping engineering construction tasks related conservation development mississippi_river river basin maintenance related projects include channel mississippi_river remove sand mud tasks related conservation include construction protect low lying areas flooding subsequent erosion issued describes stone construction approximate elevation feet river mile earthquakes located southeastern edge settlement situated area high earthquake risk earthquakes recorded radius miles magnitude ranged scale depth ranged miles miles time period radius miles earthquakes reported ranging depth feet miles highest magnitude earthquake recorded area occurred august measured scale coordinates earthquake miles west depth miles january local time utc small earthquake shook portions earthquake measured magnitude scale according reported coordinates earthquake depth miles reports damage caused earthquake location near bluff miles east fort state park miles northeast smaller earthquakes uncommon climate located humid subtropical climate zone climate characterized hot humid summers mild winters significant amounts precipitation occur seasons july month average highest recorded temperature measured january month average lowest recorded temperature measured precipitation peaks december average table displays average monthly high low temperatures precipitation economy agriculture source income area surrounding especially cultivation cotton corn beans cultivated century abolition slavery primary means income low income families area cultivation cotton land return share crop landowner modern machines cotton manual cultivation obsolete time took work manual laborers population consists dozen dwellings economy rural community dominated agriculture major industries businesses present culture churches reverend pastor appointed appointment pastor community congregation formed built church second church built congregation construction new church completed building serves place worship methodist congregation reverend reverend appointed community located road worship attendance church reported members congregation average god god second place worship town church founded congregation led pastor pastor god located road bluff historic park october tennessee parks non profit organization dedicated bluff celebration politicians historians community members acres property second bluff purchased park intended promote civil war history community unique views mississippi_river available wider public additional revenue tourism expected community bluff finished project create scenic connects historic sites mississippi_river project promotes economical development preservation land wildlife tennessee counties bordering mississippi_river girl scouts heart south girl scouts heart south girl scout organization serving girls memphis metropolitan area including counties arkansas girl scouts heart south operates camps training center area coverage including acres property camp scout camp located girl scout road south old coordinates old lane coordinates graves cemetery date early 19th century present day postal post office established operation exact location post office unknown code tennessee telephone area code memphis metro area notable natives early commander bishop methodist churches born july
Randolph, Tennessee