birds kept humans eggs produce meat feathers pets birds typically members especially order includes chickens family order commonly known including domestic ducks domestic includes birds killed meat young known include similar wild birds hunted sport food known game word comes french norman word derived latin word means small animal took place thousand years ago originally result people hatching young birds eggs collected wild later involved keeping birds permanently captivity chickens kept songs soon realised useful having captive bred source food selective breeding fast growth egg laying ability plumage took place centuries modern breeds look different wild ancestors birds kept small flocks extensive systems birds available market today intensive commercial enterprises second widely eaten type meat globally eggs provides beneficial food containing high quality protein accompanied low proportion fat meat properly handled sufficiently cooked order reduce risk food poisoning definition word comes old french dealer word comes middle english old french latin young young animal chicken word origin old term kind bird captive raised utility traditionally word refer defined domestic including chickens ducks raised production meat eggs word flesh birds food lists bird groups includes guinea young breeding omitted japanese common added list frequently bred captivity released wild classic book history management included chapters guinea mute swan turkey types duck ducks types chickens including speech term near chicken bird languages distinguish words flesh birds distinguished game defined wild birds mammals hunted food sport word describe flesh eaten chickens chickens medium sized birds upright stance characterised red heads males known usually larger coloured exaggerated plumage females chickens ground dwelling birds natural surroundings search leaf litter seeds invertebrates small animals seldom fly result perceived danger preferring run approached today domestic chicken mainly descended wild red asia additional input grey believed taken place years ago thought chicken bones found northeastern china dated archaeologists believe originally purpose male bird fighter years ago chickens reached years later arrived egypt fighting regarded symbols fertility romans breakthrough learned difficult technique artificial keeping chickens spread world production food domestic valuable source eggs meat large number breeds chickens established exception white commercial birds hybrid origin chickens began kept larger scale modern high output farms present united_kingdom established united_states soon second world war mid-20th century meat producing industry greater importance egg laying industry breeding produced breeds strains different needs light framed egg laying birds produce eggs year fast growing birds destined consumption young age utility birds produce acceptable number eggs male birds unwanted egg laying industry identified soon hatch subsequent meat breeds birds prevent aggression resulting bird called tender meat small variety domestic chicken miniature version member standard breed true larger counterpart derives town java european sailors bought local small chickens supplies quarter size standard birds lay similarly small eggs kept small holders egg production use ornamental purposes showing said world oldest spectator sport originated persia years ago mature males set fight great critically injured killed breeds developed indian aggressive behaviour sport formed culture ancient indians chinese greeks romans large sums won lost depending outcome encounter banned countries century grounds cruelty animals ducks ducks medium sized aquatic birds broad bills eyes head fairly long short legs set far body feet males known larger females simply known ducks differently coloured breeds domestic ducks eating variety animal plant materials aquatic insects worms small amphibians grasses feed shallow water heads underwater tails domestic ducks heavy fly social birds preferring live groups plumage process spreads feathers clay models ducks found china dating indicate ducks took place culture case duck took place far_east years earlier west writing century advised sought rear ducks collect eggs raised way ducks lay aside wild nature breed shut bird pen despite ducks appear agricultural texts western_europe began mentioned alongside chickens rental payments tenants landowners widely agreed ancestor breeds domestic duck exception duck closely related ducks ducks farmed mainly meat eggs case chickens breeds developed selected egg laying ability fast growth covered common commercial breed united_kingdom united_states duck lay eggs year reach weight days western world ducks popular chickens produce larger quantities white lean meat easier making price chicken meat lower duck meat popular cuisine duck appears frequently mass market food industry things different east ducks popular chickens traditional way selected ability find sufficient food harvested rice fields wet environments years ago different wild species swan siberia thousand years later known chinese large base noticeable feature chinese present varying extent hybrids hybrids fertile resulted modern breeds despite early gained commercial importance chickens ducks domestic larger wild counterparts tend thick upright posture large bodies broad rear ends derived birds large meat chinese smaller frames mainly egg production fine valued use forage grass small invertebrates attractions ability grow thrive grass based system good memories allowed widely knowledge return home dusk chinese aggressive noisy guard animal warn flesh meat dark coloured high protein deposit fat fat contains birds killed weeks ages problems dressing occur presence developing pin feathers countries ducks force fed produce exceptionally high fat content production world production product occurs france lesser industries hungary bulgaria growing production china considered luxury parts world process feeding birds way banned countries animal welfare grounds large birds nearest relatives males larger females spreading fan shaped tails distinctive called hang courtship display wild fly seldom preferring run long trees forage ground feeding seeds nuts grass foliage invertebrates small snakes modern turkey descended subspecies wild turkey found present mexican states guerrero veracruz pre tribes south central mexico bird indians inhabiting united_states likewise feathers robes blankets ceremonial purposes years later important food source europeans encounter bird bird known turkey time introduced europe turkey commercial usually indoors controlled conditions large buildings purpose built provide ventilation low light reduces birds activity increases rate weight gain lights switched day range step wise light encourage birds feed grow rapidly females achieve slaughter weight weeks age males mature commercial birds twice heavy wild counterparts different breeds developed majority commercial birds white improves appearance dressed pin feathers visible time mainly consumed special occasions christmas million birds united_kingdom thanksgiving million birds united_states increasingly everyday diet parts world small medium sized coloured bird natural environment found places rough grassland agricultural crops places dense cover feeds seeds insects small invertebrates largely ground dwelling bird difficult wild instincts retained captivity known long arrival chickens depicted migrated egypt vast flocks birds picked ground hand common modern flocks japanese probably early 11th century japan originally kept thought regularly song contests early 20th century japanese breeders began breed increased egg production egg industry events world war led complete loss lines bred song type bred egg production war surviving rebuild industry current commercial laboratory lines considered originated population modern birds lay upward eggs year countries japan india china italy russia united_states established commercial japanese farming industries japanese research fields nutrition physiology studies closely related common young hybrid birds released wild year wild populations guinea originated southern africa species kept medium sized grey bird small naked head colourful time ancient greeks romans guinea hardy birds mainly insects consume grasses seeds vegetable garden clear eat carry disease happily trees loud vocal warning approach predators flesh eggs eaten way chickens young birds ready table age months given young domestic destined table like birds purpose descended rock special utility breeds desirable characteristics eggs laid days hatch fed parents milk thick high protein produced crop grow rapidly slow ready leave nest days weighing time adult laid pair eggs prolific pair produce weeks breeding season lasting months farming worldwide chickens kept type billion birds raised year source meat eggs traditionally birds kept extensively small flocks foraging day housed night case developing countries women important contributions family keeping rising world populations led bulk production larger intensive specialist units situated close feed grown near meat needed result cheap safe food available urban communities production depends price feed rising high feed costs limit development production free range birds freely outdoors day large birds access natural conditions exhibit normal intensive system birds access yard house higher rate kept barn system access open air ability freely inside building intensive system egg laying chickens battery set multiple tiers birds share small cage ability behave normal manner eggs laid floor cage roll outside ease collection battery illegal january chickens raised meat known breeds developed grow acceptable size weeks grow fast legs support weight hearts respiratory systems able supply oxygen developing muscles mortality rates higher laying birds weeks reach similar weights processing birds automatically belt efficiency hung feet stunned killed heads feet removed washed drained weighed packed course little hours intensive free range farming animal welfare concerns intensive systems feather vent common farmers measure diseases common spread rapidly flock extensive systems birds exposed adverse weather conditions vulnerable predators disease carrying wild birds barn systems found worst bird welfare southeast_asia lack disease control free range farming associated shows countries national regional shows held enthusiasts exhibit birds judged certain breed traits specified respective breed standards idea exhibition originated illegal way maintaining competitive element breed standards drawn egg laying meat type purely ornamental birds aiming shows general livestock shows separate events annual national championship united_kingdom organised food trade second widely eaten type meat world accounting total meat production worldwide compared pork sixteen billion birds raised annually consumption half factory like production units global meat production rose million tonnes largest producers united_states china brazil european_union distinct models production european_union supply chain model seeks supply products traced farm origin model faces increasing costs implementing additional food safety requirements welfare issues environmental regulations contrast united_states model turns product world production duck meat million tonnes china producing thirds total billion birds notable duck producing countries far_east include vietnam thailand malaysia indonesia south_korea total france largest producer west followed nations north_america china far largest producer guinea meat share million global market global egg production expected reach million tonnes surpassing previous years egg production growing globally year growth slowed nearer cuts available fresh frozen birds joints cuts bone seasoned ways raw ready cooked parts bird flight muscles chest called breast meat walking muscles legs called thigh wings eaten buffalo wings popular example united_states split segments called flat wing tip called japan wing frequently separated parts referred wing base wing tip dark meat refer red muscle sustained activity chiefly walking case chicken dark colour comes protein plays key role oxygen storage cells white muscle contrast suitable short bursts activity chickens flying chicken leg thigh meat dark breast meat makes primary flight muscles white birds breast muscle suitable sustained flight ducks red muscle dark meat cuts meat including expose microscopic regular structure muscle light produce colours optical phenomenon called structural health disease humans meat eggs provide beneficial food containing protein high quality accompanied low levels fat favourable mix chicken meat contains times fat types red meat measured weight chicken breast lower serving baked chicken breast contains fat protein compared fat protein portion lean skirt study showed meat sold united_states grocery stores contaminated bacteria concerned showed resistance groups thorough cooking product kill bacteria risk cross contamination improper handling raw product present risk present consumers meat eggs products contaminated bacteria handling processing marketing storage resulting food borne illness product cooked handled general disease birds caused bird specific virus normally transferred people people contact live greatest risk infected virus particular concern areas southeast_asia disease endemic wild bird population domestic infected virus possibly highly infectious humans cause bacteria grown laboratory nutrient culture media need living cells replicate infectious diseases grown chicken eggs millions eggs year generate annual flu requirements complex process takes months decision strains virus include new problem eggs purpose people egg unable disadvantage overcome new techniques cell based egg based culture available cell based culture useful difficult acquire sufficiently large quantity suitable sterile fertile eggs
Poultry