commonly known big mushroom rose species mushroom family 20th century known names recent molecular studies placed type species genus newly created cap mushroom diameter varies white grey grey brown markedly sticky fresh gills start white soon turn pink stipe white sack like base features dna sequence data great importance separating related species fungus grows grassy fields organic matter like piles reported continents antarctica taxonomy taxon long convoluted history originally described swiss botanist later sanctioned french mycologist transferred genus erected years earlier taken coined genus generic proposed mycologist eventually adopted group proposal conserve rejected fungi established principles international code botanical nomenclature despite generic adopted exist placement species genus formally proposed reason long interval 20th century working considered epithet represent variety dark species white use var refer taxon showed white dark arise proposed proposed considered represent species having priority designated serve representative example species phylogenetic study colleagues showed related taxa separate clade majority species traditionally classified change necessary type species newly proposed genus epithet comes greek terms substance head meaning sticky head making reference cap surface commonly known big mushroom rose description cap diameter conical young expands convex flat slight central depression old specimens surface markedly fresh color ranges pure white grey brown gills crowded free stipe swollen middle broad white young turn pink age stipe long wide cylindrical base surface white smooth slightly covered fine white high like white smooth surface flesh white stipe cap change bruised exposed air smell taste vary indistinct like similar raw potatoes spore print pinkish brown ellipsoid measure basidia usually spored spored basidia occur pleurocystidia variable morphology club shaped small cheilocystidia similar morphology pleurocystidia completely cover gill edge cap cuticle parallel hyphae wide embedded gelatinous matrix parallel hyphae embedded gelatinous matrix present measuring cylindrical clamp connections absent hyphae edibility edible cited mediocre poor quality sold markets perth australia mature fruit bodies collected sufficient quantity prepare soup added dishes wild mushrooms mushrooms best fresh preserve young specimens white gills possible mistake vice versa united_states cases asian immigrants collecting eating death caps mistaken assumption greek study determined composition fruit bodies protein fresh weight dry weight fat similar species molecular analyses internal region clearly separate species currently recognized morphological identification difficult overlapping morphological variation species size fruit bodies color cap spore size presence absence cystidia morphology cystidia important characters morphological species genus smaller fruit bodies cap diameter pleurocystidia usually cheilocystidia usually long majority pleurocystidia long cheilocystidia predominantly shaped smaller average long known central africa italy somewhat resembles distinguished smaller fruit bodies caps diameter complete absence pleurocystidia ecology habitat distribution mushroom grows ground gardens grassy fields outside forest areas vegetable matter like piles reported fruiting usually fruits groups found growing solitary china grows bamboo unusual season spectacular fruiting followed years appearance mushroom species reported continents antarctica usually names molecular data far occurrence europe north_america records continents remain confirmed
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus