brown brown bird family includes new world dispersal brown abundant eastern central united_states southern central canada live primarily east central texas state bird georgia member genus bird large sized brown upper parts white dark streaks confused smaller wood species brown noted having song types largest song repertoire birds note usually repeated phrases brown diet ranging insects fruits nuts usual nesting areas shrubs small trees times ground level brown generally territorial birds especially defending nests attack species large humans taxonomy naming brown originally described 18th century work species latin red family bird erroneously called brown word believed derive word naturalist called fox coloured genetic studies found brown closely related long billed genus description brown bright reddish brown thin dark streaks whitish colored chest distinguished shaped markings chest long tail rounded paler corners eyes brilliant yellow bill brownish long curves downward male females similar appearance juvenile appearance brown adult remarkably different plumage texture upper markings having olive color brown fairly large generally moderate size distinctly larger sage similar somewhat smaller size brownish species found west adults measure long wingspan weigh average standard measurements wing chord tail subspecies brown lies eastern half canada united_states western brown resides central united_states east rocky_mountains southern central canada western brown distinguished upper wing bars darker breast spots lifespan brown depends year year basis rate survival year second year fourth year disease exposure cold weather contributing factors limits lifespan longest lived wild years relatively ones captivity similar species similar looking long billed significantly smaller range gray head neck longer bill brown brown appearance similar wood bird usually mistaken wood dark spots parts brown streaks dark eyes shorter tail smaller bird distribution habitat brown resides habitats prefers live woodland edges dense brush searching food dry leaves ground inhabit areas agricultural near suburban areas likely live near housing bird species brown habitat potential nesting grounds birds usually initiated males brown strong partial bird year round resident southern portion range breeding range includes united_states canada east rocky_mountains occasionally spotted west increase trees great plains past century fire suppression tree planting facilitated westward range expansion brown range expansions species birds studies indicate reside new_england region united_states breeding season fly carolinas georgia birds located east mississippi winter arkansas georgia birds located central canadian provinces head eastern texas louisiana species migrate typically short distances night records bird mexico british record behavior brown observed solo pairs brown usually elusive bird maintains low level flying feels bothered usually hides gives calls spend time ground level near seen commonly males singing branches brown noted having aggressive behavior staunch defender nest come attacking perceived threats believed come sound bird makes digging ground debris thought comes sound smashing large insects kill eventually eat feeding bird diet includes insects nuts seeds frogs seasons breeding range found stomach contents animal matter remaining plant material breeding season diet consists primarily beetles fruits nuts seeds diet brown illinois animal matter beetles iowa summer diet found consist late summer begins shift diet focusing fruits nuts seeds grains food illinois fruits seeds winter customary diet brown fruit birds texas found eat plant material mainly sugar poison ivy animal material october march dry period food supply generally lower food animal plants eaten occasionally comprised small reptiles amphibians small young snakes tree frogs brown utilizes vision food usually food leaves soil debris ground bill floor motions investigates area recently brown similar method long billed picking food ground leaf litter sharply bills likely dig ground obtain food foraging success greater dry leaf litter compared damp leaf letter brown hammer nuts order remove shell noted flexibility catching quick insects neck exceeds case brown observed dig hole deep place hit cracked considered form tool usage laboratory experiment brown found able reject toxic eastern mimic species red continued eat breeding brown typically birds mate switching occur times season breeding season varies region southeastern united_states breeding months begin february march june commencement breeding northern portion breeding range males enter breeding grounds territory range acres time year males usually active singing attract potential mates found ritual involves exchanging probable nesting material males sing sight female female grab leaf present male wings sounds males present gift response approach female sexes nest building mates find mate nest completed female lays eggs usually appears greenish reddish brown spots rare occurrences spots eggs nest built lined grass leaves forms dead vegetation nests typically built dense low tree usually high built nests high occasion build nests ground days weeks eggs hatch parents feed young female thirteen days hatching begin birds raise year male sings series short repeated phrases open perch declare territory aggressive defending nest known strike people animals vocal development male brown largest song repertoire north american bird documented sources state individual song phrases stated males singing voice usually contains melodic tone related grey song coherent phrases times minutes time fall male sings sub songs winter males sing short neighboring males birds youth alarm noises sounds adult brown array sounds situations male females like alarm calls provoked sounds dust dawn calls consist acute sudden sound beginning ends sounds reminiscent stick concrete brown noted member family diverse category relative northern breeding season mimicking ability male best display sounds northern cardinals wood northern species predation threats bird widespread common declined numbers areas loss suitable habitat despite decrease rate warrant status vulnerable natural parasitic brown headed incidents rare situations occur brown usually eggs occasionally thrown eggs instead eggs similar egg size recorded event raised fledgling northern cardinals grey major competitors terms territorial gain apparent lack behavior species like prone driven zones territory competition brown tendencies double brood failures nesting attempts predation grey seen invading brown nests breaking eggs snakes birds prey cats predators kansas species snake potentially sources nest failure identified predators adults cooper hawks northern broad winged hawks eastern great barred long brown methods defending include bill inflict significant damage species smaller wing vocal expressions state bird brown state bird georgia brown inspiration atlanta team
Brown thrasher