structured designed hold woman skirt popular times mid-19th century originally described stiff fabric cotton dress lining 1850s term usually applied fashionable silhouette provided skirts replaced form function skirts similar 17th century 18th century enabled skirts spread wider fully steel cage patented april paris agent britain months later extremely popular steel cage mass produced huge quantity factories western world producing tens thousands year alternative materials cane natural rubber steel popular widest point reach yards late 1860s beginning reduce size early 1870s smaller largely replaced worn women social standing class western world royalty factory workers led widespread media scrutiny criticism particularly satirical magazines punch hazardous worn care thousands women died mid-19th century result skirts catching fire alongside fire hazards included caught machinery carriage wheels gusts wind obstacles silhouette revived times 20th century particularly late 1940s result new look net worn 1950s 1960s skirts known construction mid-1980s designed mini mini length highly influential 1980s fashion late 20th early 21st century designers famous updated designs 1980s 21st century remained popular option formal evening dresses wedding dresses ball etymology described combination latin word hair french word latin word thread describing materials original textile designed support skirts fashionable shape whilst bell shaped skirts seen ancient civilization compared particularly assumption required retain shape evidence confirm theory usually dismissed ancestors typically recognised spanish later known widely worn europe late 15th century early 17th century worn 18th century fabric called noted offered lining dress making year described new textile fine clear stuff unlike appearance strong description different colours grey colour favour appeared proving successful began refer supportive general solely material fabric skirt english women preferred separate fabric beginning collapse increasing weight skirts alternative stuffed feathers reportedly worn skirts widely produced early 1850s possible buy cotton fabric making marketed designed substitute textile artificial emerge 1850s late 19th century 1850s 60s cage spring steel wire introduced 1850s earliest british patent metal described skeleton steel springs tape granted july suggests unidentified french inventor probably july patent filed british agent patented paris april described comprising elastic circles joined vertical bands following introduction women rights advocate felt concerns nature multiple resolved dropped dress reform issue biography noted existed steel factories catering solely manufacturers shops sold significant manufacturers founded american branches europe united_states height success thousand produced london factory day whilst plant manufactured million year period new_york factory employed thousand girls yards steel wire week produce thousand day rival factory manhattan ton steel week manufacturing skirts needed rigid support skirts accustomed shape flexible temporarily pressed shape spring materials included natural rubber idea short lived easily prone collapse use manufacture rubber unpleasant hard rubber worked easily crushed recovering form despite objections sharp points snapped hazardous lightweight steel clearly successful option reduced number weight offered increased freedom movement legs hasty movements skirt lead accidentally revealing intended advertisement published lady newspaper cage attempted potential customer wearing activities climbing stairs passing theatre seat dropping leaning furniture possible despite claims historian largest measured yards feet concluded maximum realistic fact half yards whilst loosely gathered skirt large certainly require higher noted yard highly staged photographs showing women wearing large popular widely published sequence views showing woman dressing assistance require long poles lift dress head ingenious means navigating enormous photographs enacted contemporary accurately reflecting reality aimed market fact size caused difficulties passing doors boarding carriages generally moving late 1860s significantly reduced size noted victoria curator observing sizes cage museum collection 1880s revival began fall fashion modified version transitional gap cage fashionable typically composed half internal ties designed allow adjustment shape worn early 1880s article describing sticking solely opposed projecting like possible smaller survive worn combination separate isolation 1880s cage revived designed accommodate extremely large period support skirt styles called pot resemblance trap extreme weight decade crossed legs order support hold skirts firmly place earlier cage sprung steel wire cane critical response unlike worn women social class fashion swiftly subject intense scrutiny western media critical articles published hungarian journal bulgarian journalist 1850s welsh poet wrote ballad fashion similar sentiment expressed russian song published singer complains wife having assumed fashion observer queen_victoria state visit paris complained despite number foreigners present western national dress extent turkish scottish spanish dressed alike victoria popularly said fashion inspiring song punch started long live queen won wear noted queen photographed suggests came request victoria female guests attending daughter marriage leave limited space james palace perceived social identity popular subject cartoons wearing like higher class ladies disapproval questions servants related social concerns raised manual published criticised london wearing work girls described rose expose lower bodies inspiring street harassment boys male firmly opined servants ought save fashionable leisure periods dress appropriately work challenged servants saw attempts control dress equivalent controlling liberty refused work employers tried observed locality sight female worker wearing trousers half odd woman wearing exposing upper class attitudes australia poorer rural women photographed posing outside slab wearing best dresses french economist play carried surveys french working class families found women wardrobe wives skilled workers fashion conscious wife glove maker owned dresses everyday wore wooden shoes printed america mid-19th century popularly associated image young woman american deep south upper slave owning classes europe far exclusively worn wealthy white women black white women america classes social standings wore skirts including lady african american created extravagant difficulties associated size problems hazards associated wearing moving fact worn widely women social classes frequently exaggerated parodied satirical articles illustrations punch summarised expressing male authors fears women took space eventually conquer mankind observing extent punch anti sentiment noted magazine attacks crushing fashion exacerbated invented phenomenon hazards widely reported estimated late 1850s late 1860s england women killed related fires incident death year old called reported times february dress ignited stood fireplace reach died result extensive burns deputy commenting think mortality fashion brought notice general passed verdict accidental death fire caused similar case reported later year year old died piece burning rolled kitchen fire month later december fire killed thousand people severity death toll credited large amounts fabric women dresses notable victims fires illegitimate daughters emily mary died november burns sustained evening caught fire reported years women worldwide died related fires opining deadly practice auto flame available thought unpopular risks associated caught people feet carriage wheels furniture caught sudden gusts wind blowing feet participating paper chase manchester caught climbing left entirety skirts thrown head revealing scarlet assembled company worn factory workers leading firm instructing female employees leave home described seeing photograph female employees match factories wearing work report june recorded death ann injuries sustained caught revolving machinery shaft room works 20th 21st centuries world war war fashionable style featured wide mid length skirts described practical enabling freedom walking movement patriotic sight dressed women expected cheer soldiers leave skirts war endured style 1920s late 1930s outbreak world war revival designers day skirts evening late 1930s inspired designs successful queen popularly credited having single brought fashion queen elizabeth adopted traditional bell shaped signature look evening wear state occasions film gone wind released inspired american fashion dresses spring following second world war revived designers new look featured skirts supported suggested explicitly referencing era reviving historic styles new look designer introduce idea fashion albeit popular 1950s early 1960s american designer particularly noted designs worn separate dress enable ease movement travelling life reported designs exactly design latest collection net cotton widely worn skirts integrated mid-1980s revisited taking inspiration ballet produce length versions christened mini mini silhouette influenced work designers skirts mini described combination conflicting ideals representing mythology restriction representing mythology liberation late 20th early 21st century fashion designers designs skirt reaching width feet specifically visited original manufacturers christian order inform influence designs fascinated referenced collections cutting away leather reveal cage beneath making silver decorated cut metal notable designs modelled model series photographs confused cage deliberately worn order reveal prosthetic legs described suggesting walking frame cage contain images shoot declared significant commercial images representing knight dedication presenting alternatives traditional concepts fashion physical beauty death successor continued tradition designing brand continue worn 21st century typically formal outfits evening dresses wedding dresses 1950s 1960s style net traditional element costumes square dancing popular attending 1950s 1960s influenced events movement appropriated cage elements 19th century fashion hat contexts traditional seen controversial early reportedly requested skirts worn certain fraternity events perceived association slave owning upper classes american deep south reason proposed ban linked racism incident earlier year articles noting attempt avoid facing charges racial noted skirts worn black white women classes social standings historical period question despite popular associations exclusive image
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