november american politician served senator state wisconsin death beginning mccarthy visible public face period cold war tensions fueled fears widespread communist noted making claims large numbers communists soviet spies inside united_states federal government ultimately controversy generated led united_states senate term coined reference mccarthy practices soon applied similar anti communist activities today term critics mccarthy reference consider reckless accusations public attacks character patriotism political opponents mccarthy born town grand wisconsin attended eventually earning age mccarthy volunteered served world war successfully ran united states senate defeating largely years senate mccarthy rose suddenly national fame february asserted speech list members communist_party members spy ring employed succeeding years speech mccarthy additional accusations communist administration president united_states_army charges communism communist sympathies sex crimes attack number politicians individuals inside outside government mccarthy attempts investigate hold practice law locations persons accused threatened publicly accuse homosexuality senator written called main focus historians period time lesser known element harmed far people scare witch hunt mccarthy conducted highly publicized army mccarthy hearings following suicide wyoming senator year mccarthy support popularity faded december senate voted senator mccarthy vote making senators disciplined fashion mccarthy died maryland age official cause death acute biographers caused exacerbated alcoholism early life career mccarthy born farm town grand wisconsin near fifth seven children mother ireland father born united_states son irish father german mother mccarthy dropped junior high school age help parents manage farm entered wisconsin graduated year mccarthy worked way college studying engineering law receiving degree milwaukee admitted bar working law firm wisconsin launched unsuccessful campaign district attorney democrat mccarthy better success ran elected post circuit judge years attorney mccarthy money gambling mccarthy youngest circuit judge state history defeating incumbent judge years campaign mccarthy exaggerated age claiming allegedly old handle duties office writing reds twentieth century america wrote disliked lawyers reversed inefficient huge cases mccarthy judicial career attracted controversy speed dispatched cases worked clear heavily inherited wisconsin strict divorce laws mccarthy heard divorce cases possible needs children involved contested priority came cases argued mccarthy compensated lack experience demanding relying heavily precise attorneys reversed low percentage cases heard having lost evidence price fixing case military service shortly entered world war mccarthy commissioned despite fact judicial office compulsory service education qualified automatic commission officer second lieutenant completing basic training served intelligence briefing officer dive bomber squadron mccarthy reportedly chose marines hope veteran branch military serve best future political career according morgan writing reds joe friend lawyer later judge mccarthy named divorce counsel applied active duty early advised hero join marines mccarthy hesitant asked got shit blood managed mccarthy senate campaign mccarthy senate career stayed mccarthy served months intelligence officer august february held rank captain time discharged april volunteered fly combat missions gunner observer acquiring giving nickname joe course missions later falsely claimed aerial missions order qualify received mccarthy publicized letter claimed signed commanding officer admiral chief naval operations revealed mccarthy written letter capacity intelligence officer war wound mccarthy subject varying stories involving airplane crashes anti aircraft fire fact received aboard ship ceremony sailors crossing equator time mccarthy lies military heroism joe nickname term critics mccarthy campaigned republican senate nomination wisconsin active duty defeated nomination incumbent resigned commission april months end pacific war september reelected unopposed circuit court position began systematic campaign republican senate primary nomination support republican_party political boss wisconsin race challenging term senator founder son celebrated wisconsin governor senator senate campaign campaign mccarthy attacked enlisting war bombed claimed huge profits investments mccarthy away fighting country fact mccarthy invested stock market war profit investments consisted partial interest radio station earned profit years suggestion guilty war deeply damaging mccarthy won primary nomination votes campaign mccarthy started war time nickname joe slogan congress needs tail gunner later stated mccarthy elected term senate support communist controlled preferred mccarthy anti communist general election democratic opponent mccarthy won democrat joined senator challenged unsuccessfully years earlier senate united_states senate senator mccarthy years senate mccarthy popular speaker invited different organizations covering wide range topics aides washington social circle described charming friendly popular guest cocktail parties far liked fellow senators found quick tempered prone rage outside small circle colleagues soon isolated figure senate active labor management issues reputation moderate republican fought continuation wartime price controls especially sugar advocacy area associated critics personal loan mccarthy received executive earning senator nickname kid supported act veto labor unions wisconsin business base incident widely criticized mccarthy lobbied death sentences given group soldiers convicted war crimes carrying massacre american prisoners war mccarthy critical convictions allegations torture led german soldiers confessions charged engaged judicial misconduct presented evidence support accusation shortly poll senate press corps voted mccarthy worst senator currently office speech mccarthy experienced rise national profile february gave speech west_virginia words speech matter debate audio recording saved generally agreed produced piece paper claimed contained list known communists working mccarthy usually quoted said infested communists hand list list names known secretary state members communist_party working shaping policy dispute mccarthy actually gave number people list later telegram president entering speech number origin number traced later debates senate floor mccarthy referred letter secretary state sent congressman letter said security investigations resulted recommendation permanent employment persons removed jobs left payroll fact time mccarthy speech employees mentioned letter undergone security checks time mccarthy speech communism significant concern united_states concern exacerbated actions soviet_union eastern_europe victory communists chinese civil war soviets development nuclear weapon year contemporary controversy surrounding confession soviet spy background sensational nature mccarthy charge speech soon attracted flood press interest mccarthy claim mccarthy taken massive media response speech accused continually charges figures salt_lake_city utah days later cited figure senate february claimed hour speech mccarthy presented case case analysis loyalty risks employed widely accepted mccarthy cases selected called lee list report compiled years earlier led agent named house investigators reviewed security clearance documents employees determined incidents security reviews employees mccarthy hid source list stating penetrated iron curtain secrecy aid good loyal americans reciting information lee list cases mccarthy consistently exaggerated representing witnesses facts converting phrases inclined communism communist response mccarthy charges senate voted unanimously investigate hearings called united_states set february conduct complete study investigation persons united_states employed democrats mccarthy attack democratic administration hoped use hearings discredit democratic chairman senator reported said let mccarthy days public hearings face senate hearings mccarthy moved original unnamed lee list cases hearings charges specific people longer worked previously subject charges varying worth validity particular focus mccarthy point described russian spy hearings mccarthy employed colorful rhetoric produced substantial evidence support accusations beginning marked partisan final report written democratic majority concluded individuals mccarthy list communists pro communist said effective security program labeled mccarthy charges fraud hoax said result mccarthy actions confuse divide american people degree far hopes communists republicans responded kind stating guilty conspiracy history senate voted times accept report time voting precisely divided party lines fame notoriety personal life onward mccarthy continued exploit fear communism press accusations government failing deal communism ranks mccarthy began investigations numerous working foreign policy bureaucracy considered prime candidates blackmail soviets accusations received wide publicity increased approval rating gained powerful national following congress little doubt belong sensitive government positions late 1940s government dismissing month civilian posts number grown fold mixed logic faced condemnation discrimination wishing conceal orientation vulnerable blackmail called congress testify employed cia said use control mechanism individuals recruited espionage generally accepted technique limited basis years soon said words aide signaled remainder testimony record political historian uncovered notes reveal remainder statement agency employ rolls necessary past actually valuable use known agents field certain member high satellite official known homosexual member committee congress use technique penetrate operations intelligence espionage best extremely dirty business senators reluctantly agreed cia flexible mccarthy methods brought disapproval opposition barely month mccarthy speech term coined washington_post cartoonist block word synonym later embraced mccarthy supporters rolled mccarthy said speech later year published book titled fight america mccarthy accused attempting discredit critics political opponents accusing communists communist election mccarthy campaigned race term incumbent mccarthy conflict hearings speeches supporting butler mccarthy accused protecting communists mccarthy staff heavily involved campaign collaborated production campaign tabloid contained composite photograph appear intimate conversation communist leader senate later investigated election referred street type campaign recommending use literature campaign grounds expulsion senate pamphlet clearly labeled composite mccarthy said wrong distribute thought fine election defeat claimed foul play lost votes reelection campaign trouble heads mccarthy highly visible chairman responsibility lack korean campaign increasingly unpopular african american voters support laws mccarthy anti communism popular maryland catholic voters election time addition butler race mccarthy campaigned republicans elections including democratic incumbent senate majority leader candidates mccarthy supported won elections opposed lost elections including mccarthy involved overall republican sweep impact elections unclear mccarthy credited key republican regarded powerful men senate treated new found colleagues senate elections mccarthy returned senate seat vote compared democrat mccarthy assaulted journalist washington club reportedly groin mccarthy admitted assault claimed merely pearson rumors collected publisher hank wrote mccarthy homosexual major media refused print story notable mccarthy biographer accepted rumor probable mccarthy married researcher office wife adopted baby girl named january mccarthy administration mccarthy president clashed years held office mccarthy characterized democratic_party soft league communists spoke democrats years treason turn referred mccarthy best asset calling mccarthy actions attempt sabotage foreign policy united_states cold war comparing shooting american soldiers hot war mccarthy accused known communists secretary defense target mccarthy rhetoric marshall army chief staff world war secretary state marshall highly respected general statesman remembered today architect victory peace based marshall plan post war reconstruction europe awarded nobel peace prize mccarthy lengthy speech marshall later published book titled america retreat victory story george marshall marshall involved american foreign policy china mccarthy charged marshall directly responsible loss china communism speech mccarthy implied marshall guilty treason declared marshall merely stupid laws probability decisions serve country interest famously accused conspiracy immense black dwarf previous venture history man korean war president dismissed general mccarthy charged advisors planned dismissal late night sessions time president cheerful mccarthy declared son bitch support roman catholics kennedy family strongest bases anti communist sentiment united_states catholic community constituted national vote mccarthy identified catholic great majority catholics democrats fame leading anti communist grew popular catholic communities country strong support leading catholics newspapers catholic journals time catholics oppose mccarthy notably anti communist author father influential journal mccarthy established bond powerful kennedy family high visibility catholics mccarthy close friend anti communist frequent guest kennedy compound port dated kennedy daughters godfather child chosen mccarthy counsel committee resigned months disagreements mccarthy committee national network contacts vocal supporter building mccarthy popularity catholics making sizable contributions mccarthy campaigns kennedy patriarch hoped sons president anti catholic prejudice faced campaign office supported mccarthy national catholic politician way younger kennedy presidential candidacy unlike democrats served senate mccarthy death attacked mccarthy mccarthy refused campaign kennedy opponent republican incumbent friendship speaker february final club dinner stated glad mccarthy attended angry kennedy jumped denounced speaker left event asked avoided criticism mccarthy kennedy said hell half voters massachusetts look mccarthy hero mccarthy presidential election campaign toured wisconsin mccarthy speech delivered declared agreed mccarthy goals disagreed methods draft versions speech included strong defense mentor direct mccarthy frequent attacks advice conservative colleagues fearful lose wisconsin alienated mccarthy supporters deleted defense later versions speech discovered reporter new_york_times featured page day widely criticized giving personal convictions incident low point campaign victory presidential race republican president years republican_party held majority house_of_representatives senate elected president clear close approve mccarthy worked actively diminish power influence directly confronted mccarthy criticized speech mccarthy power giving impression president afraid criticize directly disputes stating known man diverse factions work common goal leadership explained meant patience hitting people head mccarthy won reelection vote defeating attorney general badly trailing republican ticket swept state wisconsin republican winners including received wisconsin vote expected party loyalty cause mccarthy tone accusations communists government soon disappointed admirer mccarthy relationship hostile office november speech carried national television mccarthy began praising removing gotten rid communist connections activities went complain payroll months davies actually dismissed weeks earlier repeated accusation davies tried communists espionage agents key spots speech criticized secure release missing american pilots shot china korean war end mccarthy altered years treason coined preceding democratic began referring years treason include year office mccarthy increasingly faced repeated calls confront mccarthy directly refused saying privately mccarthy publicity generated public president occasions reported said mccarthy want guy beginning second term senator mccarthy chairman according reports republican leaders growing wary mccarthy methods gave relatively mundane panel committee normally involved investigating communists putting mccarthy harm words senate majority leader included mandate sufficiently flexible allow mccarthy use investigations communists government mccarthy appointed chief counsel year old assistant counsel scene mccarthy publicized exploits records closed executive sessions mccarthy public senators wrote following preface documents senator mccarthy zeal uncover espionage led disturbing tactics destroyed careers people involved government style caused senate revise rules governing future investigations prompted courts act protect constitutional rights witnesses congressional hearings hearings national past afford forget permit investigated allegations communist influence time administered personnel questioned television cameras packed press gallery mccarthy questions hostile false accusations employees alleged communist influence content broadcasts charges morale badly damaged engineers committed suicide mccarthy investigation policy advisor service later comment hour senator mccarthy chief man succeeded turned overseas library program toured europe examining card libraries looking works authors deemed inappropriate mccarthy recited list supposedly pro communist authors press mccarthy ordered overseas remove shelves material controversial persons communists fellow travelers etc libraries went far burning newly forbidden books shortly carefully oblique public criticisms mccarthy president urged americans don join book don afraid library read book soon receiving chair mccarthy appointed generally known staff director nation foremost anti communists staff director appointment controversial learned recently written article titled reds churches opened sentence largest single group supporting communist apparatus united_states composed group senators denounced shocking attack american clergy demanded mccarthy dismiss mccarthy initially refused controversy mounted majority joined mccarthy finally yielded accepted resignation mccarthy opponents signal defeat senator showing invincible investigating army autumn mccarthy committee began ill fated inquiry united_states_army began mccarthy opening investigation laboratory fort mccarthy newly married cut short honeymoon open investigation garnered headlines stories dangerous spy ring army researchers weeks hearings came investigations unable expose signs mccarthy focused instead case new_york drafted army promoted major november shortly came attention military bureaucracy member left wing declined answer questions political loyalty review form superiors ordered discharge army days mccarthy appear january refused answer mccarthy questions citing rights fifth amendment mccarthy responded sending message secretary army demanding court day asked pending discharge army effected immediately day brigadier general commanding officer camp new_jersey gave honorable separation army mccarthy encouragement promoted rallying cry anti communists mccarthy supporters fact mccarthy knew promoted automatically provisions doctor draft law mccarthy voted army mccarthy hearings early accused mccarthy chief counsel army favorable treatment aide mccarthy friend serving army private mccarthy claimed accusation bad faith retaliation questioning previous year usually chaired mccarthy given task conflicting charges republican senator appointed chair committee army mccarthy hearings convened april army consulted attorney familiar mccarthy determine best approach attacking based recommendation decided pursue mccarthy issue communists government attorney feels impossible counter mccarthy effectively issue kicking communists government generally basis matter slight claim communist connection hearings lasted days broadcast live television abc estimated million viewers hearing witnesses million words testimony committee concluded mccarthy exercised improper influence behalf engaged persistent aggressive efforts committee concluded army secretary army counsel efforts terminate influence investigation hearings fort adams vigorous efforts block members means personal appeal certain members mccarthy committee far greater importance mccarthy committee inconclusive final report negative effect extensive exposure popularity audience saw bullying reckless daily newspaper hearings frequently unfavorable late hearings senator angry remark mccarthy told mccarthy senator american people look weeks polls january polled positive opinion mccarthy june number fallen polls negative opinion mccarthy increased increasing number republicans conservatives coming mccarthy liability party anti communism congressman noted growing republican_party synonym witch hunting star chamber methods denial civil liberties reporter long standing reputation staunch anti communist wrote series articles criticizing mccarthy stated mccarthy major liability cause anti communism accused wild twisting facts near facts authorities field famous incident hearings exchange mccarthy army chief legal representative june 30th day hearings challenged provide attorney general mccarthy list communists defense plants sun goes mccarthy stepped said concerned persons aiding communist_party check man boston law office named belonged called legal communist_party defense fisher suggested prepared advance hoped responded moment senator think cruelty mccarthy resumed attack interrupted let assassinate senator sense sir long left sense said new_york_times length article published mccarthy persisted cut demanded chairman witness point gallery erupted applause called asked mccarthy sense sir long hearings prominent attacks mccarthy methods episode television documentary series hosted journalist broadcast march titled report senator episode consisted largely clips mccarthy speaking clips mccarthy accuses democratic_party years treason describes listed work communist_party witnesses including general conclusion said mccarthy familiar history country deny congressional committees useful necessary investigate line investigating fine junior senator wisconsin stepped repeatedly primary achievement confusing public mind internal external threats communism confuse dissent remember accusation proof conviction depends evidence process law walk fear driven fear age dig deep history doctrine remember descended fearful men men feared write speak associate defend causes moment unpopular time men oppose senator mccarthy methods silent approve deny heritage history escape responsibility result way citizen republic responsibilities nation come inheritance tender age defenders freedom continues exist world defend freedom abroad home actions junior senator wisconsin caused alarm dismay allies abroad given considerable comfort enemies fault didn create situation fear merely exploited successfully right fault dear stars following week ran episode critical mccarthy focusing case african american army clerk target mccarthy investigations shows televised army mccarthy hearings year major causes nationwide popular opinion backlash mccarthy time statements publicly challenged noteworthy figures counter negative publicity mccarthy appeared april number charges popular including accusation russian espionage propaganda organization response viewers result decline mccarthy popularity staff spent months editing film mccarthy shown picking nose episode showed mccarthy business like reasonable mccarthy hostile catholic critic pointed totally different selection film turn mccarthy man shining white infinitely reasonable single cleaning face violent criticism wrote television combined explode person group face said partial truth critics accused mccarthy joe recall attempt march prairie star editor wisconsin urged recall mccarthy page editorial ran alongside sample petition readers fill mail newspaper republican mccarthy supporter gore cited senator president authority wisconsin ignoring plight wisconsin dairy farmers faced price despite critics claims recall attempt joe movement caught fire backed diverse coalition including republican leaders democrats businessmen farmers students wisconsin constitution number signatures needed force recall election exceed quarter number voters recent gubernatorial election requiring movement gather signatures days little support organized labor state democratic_party roughly organized recall effort attracted national attention particularly concurrent hearings following deadline june final number signatures determined petitions sent state avoid district attorney ardent mccarthy supporter investigating leaders recall campaign grounds violated wisconsin corrupt practices act chicago later tallied names said hidden minneapolis lists buried farms public opinion members opposed mccarthy senator maine republican delivered declaration conscience june calling end use tactics mentioning mccarthy republican senators joined condemning mccarthy tactics mccarthy referred smith fellow senators snow white march vermont republican senator gave humor laced speech senate floor questioning mccarthy tactics fighting communism recommended mccarthy turn attention worldwide communism outside north_america june speech flanders compared mccarthy adolf_hitler accusing spreading division confusion saying junior senator wisconsin pay communists better job june flanders introduced resolution mccarthy removed chair committees senate believed sort disciplinary action mccarthy clear majority supporting resolution resistance concern senate rules committee chairs flanders introduced resolution mccarthy resolution initially written reference particular actions mccarthy flanders rules laws disturbing overall pattern behavior ultimately bill listing charges added resolution special committee chaired senator appointed study evaluate resolution committee opened hearings august months hearings recommended mccarthy counts contempt called testify abuse count dropped senate grounds mccarthy conduct arguably induced behavior place count new drafted mccarthy statements counts senate ultimately voted mccarthy failed cooperate repeatedly abused members trying carry assigned duties mccarthy charged members select committee deliberate deception fraud special senate session lynch party characterized committee agent attorneys fact communist_party acted contrary ethics tended bring senate constitutional processes senate dignity december senate voted condemn mccarthy counts vote democrats present unanimously favored condemnation republicans split evenly senator record hospitalized surgery kennedy indicated voted immediately vote senator mccarthy supporter argued resolution resolution word condemn final draft word removed title resolution generally regarded referred mccarthy historians senate documents mccarthy said wouldn exactly vote confidence added don feel final years mccarthy continued duties half years career major public figure ruined colleagues senate avoided speeches senate floor delivered near chamber received conspicuous displays press recorded public statement ignored outside speaking engagements president finally freed mccarthy political intimidation cabinet mccarthy continued rail communism warned attendance summit conferences reds saying offer friendship murderers advancing cause murder declared communists possible honorable desirable long term objective communism face earth final acts senate mccarthy opposed president nomination supreme_court reading speech given shortly characterized mccarthy anti communist investigations witch hunts mccarthy opposition failed gain traction senator vote confirmation mccarthy biographers agree changed man declining physically emotionally pale ghost self words reported mccarthy suffered liver frequently hospitalized alcoholism numerous including senate aide journalist reported finding drunk senate journalist wrote heavy times seasons discontent drank drunk went wagon meant beer instead whiskey days weeks time difficulty end couldn hold stuff went pieces second drink snap quickly death mccarthy died age official cause death listed acute liver hinted press died alcoholism accepted contemporary biographers given state funeral attended senators requiem mass said priests washington thousands people viewed body washington buried wisconsin filed pay respects senators flown washington plane carrying mccarthy quietly attended funeral wisconsin mccarthy survived wife jean adopted daughter summer special election held fill mccarthy seat voters parties turned away mccarthy legacy republican primary won called clean break mccarthy approach defeated congressman charged soft communism democratic winner called late mccarthy disgrace wisconsin senate america august won election serving seat years end fifth term start legacy remains controversial figure view conservative day authors commentators mccarthy place history scholars including generally regarded conservative opposed views authors historians including assert new evidence form soviet messages soviet espionage data opened west newly released closed hearings mccarthy partially mccarthy showing communists correct scale soviet espionage activity united_states 1940s 1950s larger scholars suspected reviewing evidence sources historian concluded people identified lists referenced mccarthy evidence substantial aided soviet espionage efforts suggested majority lists legitimately considered security risks substantial minority implicated files later public project soviet sources viewpoints considered scholars challenging efforts aimed rehabilitation mccarthy argues mccarthy attempts anti communism partisan weapon actually threatened post war anti communist consensus ultimately anti communist efforts helping drew experience provide view penetration american governmental services members agents conscious late 1930s imagination existed assumed proportions overwhelming trivial wrote roosevelt administration warnings fell deaf ears assessment revelation facts documents previous cautious assessments revised hundreds american communists soviet espionage united_states 1930s 1940s modern government thoroughly penetrated plus tiny fraction knows entire extent penetration know sure soviet penetration united_states government massive reagan administration secretary education summed perspective book america best hope cause anti communism united millions americans gained support democrats republicans undermined mccarthy addressed real problem elements government approach real problem cause grief country claimed love worst mccarthy honorable cause anti communism legitimate efforts counter soviet american institutions mccarthy hearings incorrectly hearings american activities best known investigation investigation hollywood film industry led hundreds actors writers directors house committee formal connection mccarthy served senate existence house american activities committee result mccarthy activities active years similarly member committee established mandate similar inspired mccarthy locate investigate called sympathetic communists accused promoting establishment dictatorship united_states vetoed act sending congress lengthy veto message criticized specific provisions greatest danger freedom speech press assembly alien laws called bill rights long step veto active years popular culture start notoriety mccarthy favorite subject political traditionally depicted negative light normally pertaining accusations cartoon coined term appeared months senator famous february speech west_virginia popular daily comic strip introduced character physical resemblance mccarthy worried rhode_island newspaper editor protested syndicate provided strip creator began depicting character bag head features explanation hiding rhode_island red clear reference controversy character fame grew mccarthy increasingly target ridicule parody nightclub radio mad magazine red comedy songs senator released including point order senator folk singer band sung tune band radio comedy team bob ray parodied mccarthy character commissioner soap opera spoof noble wife year radio network broadcast satire investigator title character clear imitation mccarthy recording popular united_states reportedly played president cabinet meetings fiction novel hero described noted journalist author time great story senator novel adapted radio broadcast july interview commented concerns ongoing prompted write story fictional portrayal mccarthy played central role novel character senator anti communist closely modeled mccarthy varying numbers communists asserts employed federal government remains major character film version mccarthy portrayed emmy winning television movie mccarthy life archival footage mccarthy movie good night good luck episode challenged mccarthy mccarthy portrayed hbo film german french drama real american joe mccarthy directed mccarthy portrayed british actor comedian song mccarthy album document largely deals mccarthy contains sound clips
Joseph McCarthy