palace garden palace large enclosed space westminster london originally pleasure garden late tudor stuart monarchs england created henry_viii expanded improved successors lost royal patronage totally destroyed fire start 18th century onwards garden went major changes fell neglect painted period transition westminster transformed construction new buildings roads start 19th century redeveloped site row occupied prime ministers seeking homes near government buildings nearby remnants destroyed construction government offices house headquarters building origins layout garden originated 16th century estate cardinal london residence estate private garden located orchard estate south henry_viii seized bought land south orchard expand estate old garden later known orchard converted new larger garden known great garden time westminster heavily built later renamed lay suburban area dominated parks gardens royal hunting ground henry garden decorated 16th century visitors noted spanish duke wrote visit saw pleasant garden great walks avenues directions containing sculptures men women children birds monsters strange figures low high relief recorded garden thirty high columns covered fine paintings different animals carved wood horns set columns flags bearing queen arms middle garden nice fountain remarkable sun showing time thirty different ways spaces planted garden fine walks grown grass spaces planted surrounded plants shape seats earliest surviving depiction garden shows different layout time garden redesigned grid pattern sixteen squares grass separated paths relentless expansion structures garden walls buildings sides high wall west separated street main south end palace north south direction north range buildings occupied high ranking separated lay east stone gallery state apartments king closest blocked river_thames royal apartments view screen place prevent seeing naked king feet row trees south screened orchard henry_viii time converted leisure use restoration terrace separated garden bowling green removed added garden garden originally created private royal pleasure garden continued serve similar purpose considerable effort money repairing improving garden appear reserved exclusively use individual keys access time restoration monarchy passage common wall enclosed garden ballad sellers display air laundry recorded sight underwear charles_ii mistress hanging dry century later wrote diary taken prostitute garden shocked find got home stolen sculptures features time grass squares garden statue centre standing pedestal probably moved palace target perception prohibited images woman named wrote demand taken demanding demolish monsters set ornaments garden whilst stand evil evil whilst crosses idols remained away jerusalem wrath god continued israel man took direct action recorded time cook lived palace gate westminster sermon time went garden carried smith great hammer broke statue brass marble report said best europe half hour time worth hurt statues eventually taken charles_ii came throne repaired replaced bronze statue depicting king wearing robes roman emperor stood outside garden short glorious revolution occupies spot outside large set orders james stood middle garden designed professor astronomy consisted large stone pedestal corners great horizontal concave centre east west north south sides subsequently allegedly fell ruin charles_ii reign lamented new erected charles_ii designed father jesuit priest extremely elaborate construction hall detailed book published explain operated stood metres high constructed stone brass wood painted glass panels accompany component resembled fountain glass spheres giant branching arms ending crystal showed hours day things belonging geography astronomy sun shadow visible eye king fascinated astronomy personal association science illustrated fact personal pride joy designed serve symbol stuart family glass portraits mounted depicting charles duke york queen mother prince posted guard kind vandalism wrecked earlier june severely damaged attacked rochester king fury fate ruined unknown recorded standing buckingham house later buckingham palace garden gardens destruction fire palace surroundings garden changed dramatically palace buildings burned fire torn old tudor removed demise garden extended north include garden remained crown ownership neglected departure monarchy duke richmond residents surviving properties adjoining garden petitioned allowed lease void ground garden crown agreed garden leased earl sir painted view garden looking north duke richmond dining room richmond house view prospect soon disappear demolition old palace gate adjoining garden parliament street driven western garden connect start 19th century garden decayed wall long fringed pamphlets ballads ragged advertisements removed replaced iron newly planted trees north remained confused unpleasant terminating maze narrow passages formed sheds blank walls residences nobility workshops area redevelopment elite wished suitably grand occupy attending parliament court site new street row houses called constructed site house long grassy gardens planted rows trees led directly river cut construction river bank prime minister lived houses sir lived died falling horse constitution hill trees outside entrance survivors original garden stood recently late 1930s houses riverside villa elaborate interiors houses demolished rest architectural historian described monstrous act vandalism way construction new offices interior decorations rooms saved demolition new government offices main building
Privy Garden of the Palace of Whitehall