basic principle overarching human moral actions form basis soul soul constrained cycle rebirth trapped temporal world finally liberation liberation achieved following path encompasses conceived extremely subtle matter soul natural transparent pure qualities thought kind pollution soul colours based soul undergoes states existence like heavens humans animals cite pain evidence existence types classified according effects soul theory seeks explain process causes influx placing equal emphasis deeds intentions deeds theory great responsibility individual actions reliance supposed existence divine grace retribution doctrine holds possible modify obtain release purity conduct philosophical overview according souls pure inherent ideal state possessing qualities infinite knowledge infinite perception infinite bliss infinite energy contemporary experience qualities found account association souls soul associated way time soul explained texts analogy gold ore natural state found similarly pure state soul analogy gold ore taken step soul achieved proper methods applied centuries monks developed large sophisticated corpus literature describing nature soul aspects working ways means attaining material theory speaks dirt thought manifest subtle particles entire universe small space point smallest possible extent space contains infinite number particles quantity dirt particles adhere soul affect natural material called resultant emotions pleasure pain love hatred experienced soul called psychic relationship material psychic cause effect material gives rise feelings emotions souls turn rise psychic causing emotional modifications soul emotions result influx fresh material hold matter actually agent enables consciousness act material context universe material carrier soul desire physically experience world attracted consciousness stored interactive field called soul subtle matter surrounding consciousness soul components consciousness interact soul experiences life known present material universe self regulating mechanism according system natural laws actions carry moral significance considered cause certain consequences way physical actions holds apple lets apple fall judge moral judgment involved mechanical consequence physical action manner consequences occur naturally lie steals commits violence leads life assume consequences moral rewards work divine judge believe innate moral order self regulating workings law morality ethics important god life led agreement moral ethical principles considered beneficial leads decrease finally total loss turn leads happiness conception takes away responsibility salvation god man words scholar creed gives absolute religious independence freedom man intervene actions fruits thereof masters independence great responsibility extensive live like voice escape consequences god prophet deputy beloved interfere human life soul responsible according consequences certain divine grace save person experiencing practice self control modify alleviate consequences cases option accept second century text verse sums doctrine world powers elephant theme explored literature produced centuries notes tales implications morally incorrect modes life excessively intense emotional relationships notes narratives concluding statements transforming effects protagonists pious actions eventual liberation biographies legendary persons like krishna versions major themes major events characters circumstances explained reference past lives examples specific actions particular intensity life determining events texts popular 24th ford maker bear previous attaining enlightenment attained bearing years severe detachment speaks bore complete follows struck stick fist lance hit fruit beating cried sat moving body cut flesh tore hair pain covered dust throwing let fall disturbed religious abandoning care body bore pain free desires hero head battle surrounded sides bearing hardships proceeded road forms central fundamental faith connected philosophical concepts like liberation non violence non attachment actions seen consequences immediate delayed future incarnations doctrine considered simply relation life time relation future incarnations past lives states soul born world gods hell body demon happens account takes birth worm insect text states root birth death souls bound round round cycle existence retribution judgment reward involved natural consequences choices life suffering pleasure soul experiencing present life account choices past result doctrine attributes supreme importance pure thinking moral behavior states existence texts states existence birth categories soul gods humans hell beings animals plants micro organisms corresponding realms levels vertically universe gods occupy higher levels heavens situated humans plants animals occupy middle levels beings occupy lower levels seven situated single souls called element bodied souls tiers universe souls end hierarchy tiny lack individual bodies living colonies according texts infinity found plant tissues root vegetables animal bodies depending soul scope main divided sub categories smaller sub sub categories texts speak cycle million birth souls find cycle god role play individual destiny personal destiny seen consequence system reward punishment result personal text volume ancient canon links specific states existence specific violent deeds killing creatures having sense organs eating fish lead rebirth hell deception fraud leads rebirth animal vegetable world kindness compassion humble character result human birth making keeping vows leads rebirth heaven soul according theory matter colour soul depending mental activities action coloring soul explained analogy crystal color matter associated way soul reflects qualities taste smell touch associated matter usually colour referred discussing speaks main categories represented colours black blue grey yellow red white black blue grey leading soul born yellow red white lead soul born good fortune describes mental disposition persons having black white texts illustrate effects mental soul example reactions travellers seeing fruit bearing tree tree laden fruit begin think getting fruits suggests entire tree eating fruit second suggests cutting trunk tree suggests simply cutting branches fourth suggests cutting twigs branches tree fifth suggests fruits sixth suggests picking fruits fallen thoughts words activities travellers different based mental respectively extreme person black having evil disposition thinks tree wants eat fruit extreme person white having pure disposition thinks picking fallen fruit order spare tree role deeds intent role intent important definitive elements theory traditions intent important essential sin wrong conduct evil intent forms modes committing sin action committed repercussions certain like buddhism person guilty violence intention commit violence hand according act produces violence person guilty intention commit explains role intent example monk offered poisoned food according view monk guilty violent act monks die eat poisoned food according buddhist view guilty crucial difference views buddhist view act non intentional aware food poisoned view holds monk responsible ignorance argue monk ignorance constitute intent violence guilt absence intent person consequences guilt according analysis intent function refers negative emotions negative qualities mental action presence intent acts factor increasing vibrations soul results soul absorbing explained intentional act produces strong produces weak similarly physical act necessary condition soul existence intent sufficient explained 1st century intent kill steal acquire property offences actually carried leads evil places equal emphasis physical act intent binding origins influence doctrine central indian religions difficult india concept originated assumed development took place era literary documents available basics doctrine present concluded earliest documents contain general outline doctrines roots doctrine teachings said lived years conception material soul archaic nature hypothesis goes 8th 9th century bce present form doctrine unchanged time bce respected supported fact agree basic doctrine giving indication reached present form took place usually seen leader united detailed types effects attested regarded theirs buddhist scholar observes position explain earlier intense interest shown lesser extent relative counterparts entire concept person situation experiences fact results deeds committed lives origin developed indigenous traditions movements arose case shall views process possibilities rebirth distinctly non hindu social views profound regards influence theory development religious social practices ancient india states emphasis fruits restricted buddhist writers produced materials stressing point traditions developed practices basic contradiction belief addition hindi ritual offering dead ancestors find widespread adherence notion divine intervention fate eventually came theories like granting transfer merit like absolutely unwilling allow ideas penetrate community despite fact tremendous social pressure socio religious practices like regular practicing severe ritual death rejection god creator operator universe linked theory notes disagreement theory resulted social distinction hindu neighbours important hindu rituals rejected strongly criticised certain authors noted strong influence concept ethics especially ethics non violence doctrine souls came include rebirth earth animal human form depending probable created humanitarian sentiment life forms contributed notion non violence types nature experience effects depends following factors nature type according texts main types categorized non divided types directly affect soul powers perception knowledge energy brings perception knowledge obstacle creating non category responsible soul physical mental circumstances longevity spiritual potential experience pleasant unpleasant non body determining lifespan determining status determining feeling producing respectively different types affect soul different ways nature duration bond bond remains bound consciousness time activated affect soul directly existence limits spiritual growth soul texts provide minimum maximum duration bound matures intensity degree experience mild intense depends quality intensity determines power effect soul depends intensity time binding intense emotions like anger greed etc time binding intense experience time maturity quantity quantity matter received gets activated time experience emotions activity play binding duration intensity bond determined emotions type quantity bound depended activity process release process based seven truths fundamental principles explain human seven influx release process attraction binding occurs result following processes influx occurs particles attracted soul account vibrations soul activities mind speech body produce effect bound consciousness binding consciousness called causes emotions considered main cause literally bound account soul existence mental like anger pride greed called sticky act like making particles stick soul resulting account driven emotions cause long term cycle hand account actions driven emotions short lived effect ancient texts talk negative emotions wishes good rid faults anger pride greed increase evil anger pride suppressed greed arising black water roots birth causes attraction theory proposes particles attracted bound consciousness souls combination factors pertaining actions process motivation action refers instrument action body physical actions speech speech acts mind thoughtful process action refers temporal sequence occurs decision act plans facilitate act making preparations necessary act ultimately carrying act action refers different modes participate action example carries act perform act gives permission approval endorsement act motivation action refers internal negative emotions prompt act including anger greed pride actions factor present different sub elements factors calculated teachers speak ways matter attracted soul giving silent endorsement acts violence far away consequences soul scriptures advise actions awareness world purity thoughts means avoid burden according major text wrong belief non activities causes individual self attracts particles matter fit turn self causes order required eliminated soul spiritual progress world view world view misunderstanding world functions account sided perspectives viewpoints pointless ignorance non restraint life inability refrain voluntarily evil actions oneself state overcome observing minor vows conduct cause consists lack enthusiasm acquiring merit spiritual growth improper actions mind body speech regard oneself negative emotions anger pride greed primary reason attachment soul soul immersed darkness leading conduct cycles activities mind speech body cause existence cause cause necessarily pre suppose existence previous cause soul able advance spiritual ladder called able eliminate causes fruition consequences inevitable time effect explain monk says prosperity vicious man misery man respectively effects good deeds bad deeds previously vice virtue effects lives way law active bears fruit supportive conditions arise great attracted bears consequences minor effects generally activities influenced mild negative emotions actions influenced intense negative emotions cause equally strong attachment usually bear fruit immediately takes inactive state waits supportive conditions like proper time place environment arise manifest produce effects supportive conditions arise respective manifest end maximum period remain bound soul supportive conditions activation determined nature intensity emotional engagement time binding actual relation time place surroundings certain laws precedence according fruition deferred absolutely barred texts distinguish effect fruition right believer wrong believer ignorant nature species enjoys fruits form pleasure pain aware fruits enjoy modifications believe consequences inevitable texts hold soul energy transform modify effects undergoes following modifications maturity fruition nature course premature operation process possible certain operative time process subsequent increase duration intensity additional negative emotions feelings case subsequent decrease duration intensity positive emotions feelings transformation conversion sub type sub type occur different types example bad converted good sub types belong type state state operation occur operative duration prevention state premature operation transformation possible possible sub types variations modifications possible consequences established time bonding theory speaks great powers soul manipulate actions release philosophy assert emancipation possible long soul released possible new existing conscious efforts achieved practice controls mind speech body observing movement speaking eating placing objects refuse observation good acts like forgiveness self control non attachment meditation truths universe man moral path develop perfectly patient attitude midst trying difficult circumstances remain steady spiritual practices possible external internal forms external control appetite accepting food certain conditions delicious food sitting sleeping lonely place forms internal reverence rendering service worthy ones spiritual study avoiding selfish feelings meditation rationale justice notes supreme importance doctrine lies providing rational satisfying explanation apparent phenomenon birth death happiness misery existence different species living beings oldest states east west north south men born according merit inhabitants world non noble families low families big men small men good bad handsome men ugly men men man king cite pain evidence existence theory able explain day day phenomena inequality rich poor luck differences lifespan ability enjoy life despite immoral according exist time birth attributed deeds past lives provide evidence existence stout lean master slave similarly find high low mutilated lame blind deaf mighty monarchs gone proud moment reduced ashes twins born mother find intelligent rich poor black white deeds mother exist result deeds past born time world admitted powerful force work world appears force called unable perceive naked eyes able know actions criticisms theory challenged early time branches hindu philosophy particular considered position supremacy specifically insistence non intervention supreme regard fate souls example commentary argues original actions bring proper results future time super non intelligent qualities like unseen force link work result appropriate deserved pleasure pain fruits according administered action conscious agent supreme strong emphasis doctrine intense criticised narrates story originally disciple debates telling according man fate decided responds considering view inadequate stating spends time sin time actually sin buddhist text criticizes emphasis destruction types means end suffering eliminating evil mental states greed hatred dialogue text contends monk asserts actions criminal comparison actions speech mind view saying actions mind criminal actions speech body practice claiming practising admitting complexity doctrine compares hindu doctrine rebirth points silent exact moment mode rebirth entry soul death concept states certain categories souls criticized according lowest form extremely microscopic beings having life spans living colonies entire universe according entire concept concept beings clearly prior opportunity perform meaningful actions criticised grounds leads spirits men suffering life course life determined maintained impression accumulation mountain bad deeds heads leads puts theory imply lack free operation total control furthermore doctrine promote believers account belief personal responsibility actions evil possible attain salvation life
Karma in Jainism