pronounced perfected spelling known intermediate spelling indonesian avant garde literary magazine published july february founded turn 20th century native people dutch_east_indies began hold greater degree nationalism evidenced establishment nationalist publications writers sumatra laid foundation magazine september sent letters contributors literary section newspaper requesting submissions support deal dutch owned publishing house fell founders agreed self publish resulting magazine published july publishing run magazine took wider scope saw greater involvement politically inclined persons japanese occupation indies magazine ceased publication magazine banner published supported modern united nation language indonesian different cultural political views contributors led publication maintain neutral political position magazine published writings covered numerous aspects political spectrum cultural discourse magazine published proper balance tradition necessary country development year initial publication run published ninety issues including pieces poetry plays poetry novel numerous essays short stories publication paying subscribers received mixed responses young writers praised reflecting period perceived corruption language published works forgotten shared themes styles led critics period generation indonesian literature title title literally translates new writer term spelling reform spelled old word derived rooted sanskrit word associated religious learning title implies noble intentions history background beginning twentieth century different ethnic groups dutch_east_indies modern day indonesia began feel sense national unity eventually formulated youth pledge native groups founded political parties goals represent political including sense unity represented new media dutch language magazines educated native youth advocated modern national identity traditional feudal system nationalist views advocated magazines adults including published published short lived publications included literature supplement unsuccessful attempts found language literary publications malaya announced founding editor advancing literature literary section creation march met began submitting poems vocal activist literary renewal september letter called new literary critics asked invite poet help form group long period exchanging letters decided publish magazine magazine later given meant advocate nationalism literature indies founders originating sumatra noted lack interaction increasing number poets writers avoid creative limitations state owned publisher agreed magazine independent gain support october tasked writing letters submissions total letters sent noted writers including sent contributors january went meet modern day discussed proposed budget stated goal promoting national language meeting sent follow letters previously contacted writers reached agreement dutch publishing house february group issued contained publication data guaranteed magazine fewer pages issue writers including elder brother poet called serve editorial board worried subscribers support magazine hoping ensure good reception traditional groups founders sent letters leaders archipelago asking magazine sultan agreed publication founders stated intention publish initial publication later delayed july reasons firstly intended help magazine needed time secondly conflict arose founders printing costs eventually leading founders opt self publication edition included foreword poems writers essays magazine continued primarily written indonesian magazine written mainly indonesian exclusively indonesian editors nascent magazine editorial control initially poorly received political parties actors considered magazine generally non political liable weaken nationalist movement important areas guarantee better support people writers literary critics accepted editorial board accepted politicians involved end 1930s included period magazine began wider scope closure closed fall dutch east indies government japanese invaded indies february issue published covered period december february editors wrote issue intended continue publication long feasible happen later writers similar style closing original run published ninety issues japanese surrender end second series published title new contributors including edition new series dated march released included heated condemnation indonesian leadership perceived deal suffering occurred occupation new publication described ceased later replaced led published monthly paid subscribers fewer according historian heather low circulation rooted cultural factors firstly native populace time limited literacy education secondly native intellectuals mainly spoke dutch formal discourse kept local languages led issues indonesian language publication employees contributors origin high school greater education schools good command dutch age contributed according united view life shared literary style contents original stated mission advocate new style literature language reflected lasted april scope slowly extended culture art social issues mission statement magazine intended guide new dynamic enthusiasm form new culture indonesian culture according writers dealt mainly needs opinions modernist pro intellectuals discussions socio political needs masses according press release beginning meant include types literary works including fictional prose poetry modern traditional forms non fiction literary reviews critiques research opinion pieces language literature original run published poems special editions poetry prose prominent published dramas novel short stories individual scholarly articles magazine published special editions dedicated collections essays indonesian emancipation figure literary figure published occasion death views politics writers share united political view magazine ostensibly stayed politically neutral stance adopted ensure magazine fall colonial government protect contributors employed government writings falling parts political spectrum published including works cultural nationalists dedicated theorist notes culture writers united nationalism different views traditional culture considered understanding western culture history key development emphasized need eastern values accepted aspects western culture writers share religious views main contributors including founders came religious backgrounds ranging near orthodox islam stemming conflicting cultural views september june numerous published magazine discussing best course action indonesian cultural development language opposed published works regional languages dutch exclusively indonesian worked promote language growth indonesian declared language unity youth pledge having long development expanded wrote language seen greater growth old advent foundation dutch schools native entirety november issue dedicated writings language held indonesian language june featured papers styles themes contributors influenced dutch literary movement 1880s suggests romantic theme prevalent works adapted authors escape changing realities indonesian society opposed earlier works published emphasized regional cultural values prose published focused national identity writers included areas visited old themes forced marriage abandoned according contributors kept sense dutch colonial government traditional culture central theme works rejected dutch control archipelago nationalist writers embraced western culture writes nationalist writers australian professor indonesian literature language writes poems published structurally based traditional forms emphasis aesthetic thematically writes poems tended deal goals deep sense loneliness midst natural beauty according literary poems adapted western forms indonesian retained rhythms reception legacy release received young writers intellectuals saw way express nationalist ideas complained modernization chairman language stated betrayed purity high traditional poetic forms introduction regional foreign languages increase indonesian traditional figures publication included indonesian literature published described generation reference publication dominance translator literary critic described magazine literary revolution noting political revolution 1940s likely influenced magazine aesthetic qualities works published received mixed reception years magazine stopped publication indonesian poet literary critic argued poetry published suffered rhetoric blamed writers influenced works forgotten leftist literary critic condemned neutral political stance arguing inability understand needs people unfit truly reflect struggle independence major works major works including numerous poetry collections plays novel published following list publications novels published parts april july plays dan published january sketch ages published published parts october december published new person published november poetry published silent song published october fruit longing published june
Poedjangga Baroe