battle battle battle fought march group rebellious barons king england near north west york culmination long period king thomas earl lancaster powerful subject resulted lancaster defeat execution allowed edward establish royal authority hold power years wars scottish independence battle significant employment tactics learned scottish wars domestic english conflict extensive use foot soldiers cavalry heavy impact caused represented significant steps military developments background weak king look comparison father son edward reign marked military failure internal strife great number turned king leader opposition eventually thomas lancaster lancaster edward cousin king richest man country set regulations known lancaster associates trying restrictions royal authority late edward control central government situation aggravated king patronage favourite hugh father king lancaster fell failed campaign scotland year lancaster refused attend parliament summoned king later year edward obtained papal oath follow inheritance dispute broken certain lords including earl lancaster took initiative summoned meetings lancaster residence march june meetings consisted northern lords lancaster little assistance forthcoming rebellion threat civil war forced king exile younger favourite recalled weeks edward seized initiative moved northwards lancaster convened final meeting november entered alliance robert scotland strengthen hand king january edward crossed secured surrender lords lancaster remained passive royal army crossed river trent battle burton bridge lancaster forced flee north march lancaster army reached river joined earl secretary sir force raised lancashire cut forces sir veteran scottish wars gathered counties cumberland battle lancaster arrived town possession bridge crossing river rebel forces counted probably knights men arms soldiers royal army lancaster initially tried negotiate realistic alternative place cross river royal forces pursuit south rebels choice fight ensuing battle short sided deployed men foot hold bridge northern additional forces placed nearby ford contemporary sources specify exact location ford royal deployed formation tactic learned scots scottish wars formation proved effective oncoming cavalry rebels divided columns led attacking bridge foot lancaster trying cross ford horse according graphic description chronicle killed crossed bridge hiding underneath thrust spear earl severely injured column army fell disarray lancaster party fared little better heavy fire cavalry cut reached ford forced retreat event shows early entirely novel effective use cavalry tactic central future english military success lancaster negotiated truce withdrew town night great number rebels deserted day sheriff york arrived south additional forces lancaster greatly outnumbered chance retreat choice surrender aftermath thomas lancaster taken fallen king submitted little trial gathering barons sentenced death march led castle beheaded crowd years come cult emerged person late earl martyr possible saint lancaster shown signs extraordinary personal abilities lifetime cult interpreted reaction incompetent oppressive reign thirty lancaster followers executed baron richly rewarded loyal competent performance march created promised lands worth marks yearly turned lancaster join rebellion great king warden grew constantly frustrated king eventually negotiated peace treaty scots action amounted treason early king men hanged drawn dependence grew deeper severe lancaster supporters including found systematically accused false charges imprisoned having lands taken eventually fled paris joined edward estranged wife isabella lover isabella staged coup king deposed son succeeded place external sources battle
Battle of Boroughbridge