edible root vegetable family europe pre roman times grown consumed world eaten raw vegetable numerous varieties varying size flavor color length time mature owe sharp flavor chemical compounds produced plants including grown companion plants suffer diseases quickly grow rapidly smaller varieties ready consumption month larger varieties months use cover catch crop winter forage crop grown seeds instance grown oil production roots leaves served cooked cold history varieties broadly distributed world records available help determine early history scientists tentatively locate origin southeast asia region truly wild forms discovered india central china central asia appear secondary centers differing forms developed enter historical record century greek roman century gave details small large round long mild sharp varieties european crops introduced americas german botanist reported roughly length variety size today japanese large mild white east asian form developed china associated west japanese owing japanese agricultural development larger exports description annual crops grown swollen tap roots tapering cylindrical root skin colour ranges white pink red purple yellow green black flesh usually white smaller types leaves long round roots diameter slender long roots long normally eaten raw longer root form including oriental winter grows long foliage high spread flesh harvested timely crisp sweet bitter tough vegetable left ground long leaves arranged shape meaning divided enlarged terminal lobe smaller lateral white flowers borne fruits small pods eaten young species cultivation fast growing annual cool season crop seed days moist conditions soil temperatures best quality roots obtained moderate day lengths air temperatures range average conditions crop matures weeks colder weather weeks required grow best sun light sandy soil late season crops ideal soils dry form crust dry weather unsuitable harvesting periods extended making repeat spaced week apart warmer climates normally planted autumn depth seeds planted affects size root deep recommended small large growing period crop needs controlled irrigation required common garden crop united_states fast harvest cycle makes popular choice children gardens harvesting stored loss quality days room temperature months relative humidity companion plant useful companion plants crops probably insect beetles bugs ants function trap crop insect away main crop thrive grown close association grow react adversely growing close association fast growing plant diseases generally problem insect larvae beetles live soil adult beetles cause damage crop biting small shot holes leaves especially attacks foliage growing tip plant causes distortion multiple growing tips swollen leaves stems larvae root fly attack roots foliage small white tunnel root making varieties broadly speaking categorized main types according seasons grown variety shapes lengths colors sizes red pink white gray black yellow round elongated roots grow longer widely known famous character peter rabbit shown eating long scarlet garden spring summer referred european spring planted cooler weather summer generally small relatively short week cultivation time april cross giant white hybrid bolts slowly variety italy known slightly red white tip bright red skinned round variety white interior familiar north american champion round red skinned like cherry slightly larger roots flavor red king mild flavor good resistance club root problem arise poor drainage sicily giant large variety sicily reach diameter white variety similar shape cherry white white shaped variety long dating 16th century easily better average resistance french breakfast elongated red skinned white splash root end typically slightly summer varieties quickest turn purple purple tends stay crisp longer average gala varieties popular netherlands breakfast dish bread easter egg actual variety mix varieties different skin colors typically including white pink red purple sold markets seed seed mixes extend harvesting duration single planting different varieties mature different times winter varieties black spanish black spanish round occur round elongated forms simply called black var var known french dates europe common garden variety england france early 19th century rough black skin hot flavored white flesh round irregularly pear shaped grows diameter refers wide variety winter asia japanese adopted english called japanese chinese oriental india commonly elongated white roots varieties exist known variety april cross smooth white roots new_york_times describes varieties extremely long suited fall planting winter storage hot flavored variety typically grown grow left ground seed pod varieties seeds grow widely referred pods following flowering happens left grow past normal harvesting period seeds edible sharp addition varieties grown specifically seeds seed pods roots rat tailed old european variety thought come centuries ago long thin pods exceed length 17th century pods served meat variety supplies seed pods served raw accompaniment beer germany value serving raw provide moderate essential nutrients low content table uses cooking commonly eaten portion entire plant edible tops leaf vegetable seed eaten raw similar way usually eaten raw tougher specimens steamed raw flesh crisp texture flavor caused combine form present appear european dishes leaves recipes like potato soup dish found blended fruit recipes uses seeds pressed extract seed oil wild seeds contain oil suitable human consumption oil potential source grows cool climates apart industrial use cover crop grown increase soil fertility nutrients suppress help alleviate soil prevent winter erosion soil culture varieties important parts east southeast south asian cuisine japan korea dolls children toys plants japanese festival seven herbs seventh day new year mexico celebrate night los december christmas celebrations folk art competition uses large type long weighing great skill religious popular figures buildings objects displayed town square production trends seven million tons produced yearly representing roughly global vegetable production gallery cited literature vegetable print crop production science isbn
Radish