english english includes worked england english people abroad times present day oldest surviving english include items early 10th century preserved 11th century worked england professional workshops created rich metal thread silk ecclesiastical secular uses style called english work famous europe 16th century focus english increasingly turned clothing household leading great flowering english domestic eras end period saw rise formal record amateur skills curious century raised work style featuring detached elements work featuring exotic leaf motifs worked wool thread foundation fabric surface majority thread sits fabric exist english tradition coming fashion years 19th century berlin wool work style brightly coloured wool contrasts art associated arts attempted artistic expressive styles medieval surface influence continental adopted england number popular styles purely english origin including jackets turn 17th century art medieval period little physical evidence survives reconstruct early development english reinforcing ship burial intended decoration classed fragments scrolling border worked stem recovered grave pieces preserved belgium generally assumed anglo saxon work based similarity contemporary manuscript illustrations sculptures animals documentary evidence richer physical remains reason facts taste late anglo saxon elite lavish amounts precious metal thread especially gold gave items expense worth recording meant worth burning recover old certainly recycled way produced gold huge richly churches houses rich richly embellished particularly english sent normandy burnt metal norman conquest image huge gold flower gold bordered certainly depicting specific real seen scholars agree items coffin durham anglo saxon work based inscription describing commission include stole figures outlined stem filled split gold thread worked underside quality silk gold background europe time scholarly consensus anglo saxon probably origin famous narrative conquest true woven hanging worked wool woven ground outline stem lettering outlines figures laid work filling figures anglo saxon style combining split silk gold silver thread durham examples 12th 14th centuries style known contemporaries english work ecclesiastical secular use clothing usually worked dark later worked individual motifs applied velvet period designs paralleled manuscript illumination architecture work period featured continuous light addition figures kings saints frames gothic arches famous europe gregory london working rome gold pope vatican inventory rome records pieces english work notable surviving examples include butler cope victoria albert museum silver silver thread coloured silk velvet later cope 19th century professional 13th century english london workshops produced ecclesiastical work clothing royalty nobility banners horse ceremonial great companies court founding guild london attributed 14th century earlier early documents lost great fire london 17th century march records establishment cutter lane year guild officially incorporated elizabeth professional attached great households england unlikely working far london members company middle 14th century money previously spent luxury goods like lavish military expenditure imported italian figured competed native traditions varieties design succeeded rapidly readily available produced work produced london workshops simplified meet demands deteriorating market new techniques required work smaller quantities expensive materials surface replaced underside replaced individual motifs worked applied figured silk increasingly designs derived directly woven patterns losing story telling interest renaissance restoration second great flowering english took place reign majority surviving english medieval period intended church use demand decreased radically contrast bulk surviving tudor eras domestic use clothing household decoration stable society existed accession elizabeth english civil war encouraged building new houses rich played imported period including canvas work bed thought english attributed france majority work england increasingly skilled women working domestically designs professional men women later published pattern books tudor styles general taste abundant surface ornamentation reflected household fashionable court clothing century reign account wardrobe henry_viii shows half items kind shirts accessories popular new year gift tudor monarchs fine shirts caps edged lace works classified worked colours red crimson blue green pink popular outer clothing woven silk gold silver linear scrolling patterns applied lace small work popular tudor era especially large scale works wall rich clothing bequeathed church remade following dissolution monasteries reformation rich great monastic houses cut private homes shapes cut small motifs slips worked fine canvas applied background fabric figured silk velvet plain wool embellished style later simpler forms medieval work ground covered entirely tent cross wool silk thread covers small bags notable examples like carpet table cover likely work professionals silk fashionable reign elizabeth uniquely english fashion arose jackets worn informally costume jackets usually featured scrolling floral patterns worked similar patterns worked wool called heavy characteristic pattern sources pattern books geometric published germany early featured stepped angular patterns characteristic early ultimately medieval islamic egypt patterns seen portraits younger worked counted threads double running later called english pattern book published england popular refers designs important renaissance media scrolling patterns flowers leaves filled geometric filling characteristic similar patterns worked coloured appear outlined filled detached additional pattern books appeared late century followed house needle published london sources designs popular emblem books domestic professional probably relied skilled pattern interpret design sources draw ready early printed pattern books easily record patterns common form reference 16th century english narrow band fabric totally covered band highly valued mentioned passed generations variety styles threads earliest dated surviving housed victoria albert museum included date inscription earliest documentary reference making goes years household expense accounts record purchase queen early 17th century formal stylized girl education motifs patterns faded fashion following death james accession charles clothing faded popularity dual influences rising new court taste french fashion lighter solid colours masses lace new climate praised appropriate occupation girls women home domestic household use flourished pictures mirror frames domestic objects era depicted biblical stories featuring characters dressed fashion charles queen restoration charles_ii catherine stories executed coloured uniquely english style called raised work usually known modern raised work arose detached late areas worked white ivory silk grounds variety prominent features worked wooden shapes wire frames small pieces lace slips objects added increase finished work sets bed characteristic product stuart era worked new fabric natural warp cotton 17th century firmly twisted unlike soft sold today dyed deep rich shades green blue red yellow brown motifs flowers trees birds insects animals worked large scale variety origins work scrolling stems era later blended motifs indian introduced trade restoration patterns impossible task describe large leaves bear resemblance natural rarely angular outline sweeping curves points display leaf device gave opening arrangement usually called modern origins reign james remained popular reign early 18th century return simpler forms earliest work fashionable glorious revolution great war later stuart accession following glorious revolution triggered change associations reign deposed combined mary dutch taste new styles influenced indian household chair covers focus home georgian georgian era popular chair screens card tables pictures reflected popular pastoral theme men women sheep english countryside recurring themes include exotic patterns influenced earlier imagery imaginary china format contrasts scale contrast produced portraits domestic scenes important element fashion early 18th century hanging pockets shoes men coats decorated later 18th century making important girls education boarding institutional schools commonplace component alphabet possibly accompanied crowns marking household traditional motifs rearranged decorative borders framing lengthy inscriptions verses improving nature small scenes new useful record accomplishment hung wall practical guide new influenced indian originally needle later small hook takes round frame worked suited light flowing appropriate new dresses period patterns readily available periodicals like debuted copied machine early industrial revolution early worked cap steam engine market machine general use background 1820s worn rural workers especially parts england wales early eighteenth century featured breast folded tubes narrow held place decorated type surface pattern controls allowing degree stretch styles varied region number motifs traditional wheel shapes sheep heavy thread color mid nineteenth century wearing traditional country laborers dying romantic nostalgia england rural past led fashion women children clothing loosely styled generally fine cotton feature delicate cotton contrasting colors colored remain popular babies berlin work early 19th century tent point popular new fashion printed patterns coloured imported berlin called berlin wool work patterns wool berlin work appeared london berlin work hand coloured charted patterns leaving little room individual expression popular berlin work synonymous chief characteristic intricate dimensional looks created careful mid century berlin work executed bright colours possible new synthetic berlin work furniture covers bags copies popular paintings berlin work peaked died 1870s influence competing aesthetic known art art influential gothic revival architect wrote book called ecclesiastical staunch advocate abandoning berlin work favour expressive techniques based street time apprentice pre poet artist textile designer embraced aesthetic techniques surface popular middle ages 18th century new style called art emphasized flat patterns delicate accompanied number novelty worked silk wool thread dyed natural wool silk grounds 1870s morris decorative arts firm offering designs finished works art style morris active growing movement return originality mastery technique morris daughter early supporters founded aim restore ornamental secular purposes high place held decorative arts worked art styles featured arts crafts exhibitions 1890s great war modern period organizations origins date far middle ages remain active supporting britain today charitable organization supporting excellence based court palace engaged textile restoration conservation training professional new year foundation degree programme conjunction available time academic year previously trained intensive year house programme registered charity receives commissions public bodies individuals including hastings commemorating anniversary following year overlord commemorating day invasion france world war day museum portsmouth guild based founded sixteen students represent interests active education exhibition
English embroidery