conquest conquest known chinese sources military campaign led dynasty general western ruled chinese war began annexation oasis state ally oasis states dynasty switched allegiance grew suspicious military ambitions expansion continued conquest commanded main army dispatched generals led divisions troops reinforced cavalry supplied tribe allied support revolt army defeated battle victory strengthened control modern brought regions ruled empire puppet title ruler military garrisons installed administer newly acquired territories dynasty achieved maximum extent china western borders reached eastern frontier later revolts ended chinese modern afghanistan military presence remained absorbed cultural influences conflict culture language spread artistic political influences dynasty generals soldiers stationed region prevalence languages declined acceleration migration turks competed control centuries background empire dynasty june june successor dynasty cosmopolitan ruled china expansive raids nomadic turks challenged rule rulers responded pursuing strategies divide conquer warfare tributes marriages hostilities existed founding dynasty emperor emperor dynasty aided assassination western november facing threat western eastern successor emperor formed alliance adopting policy far away fight close westward expansion dynasty began wars chinese taking advantage political eastern annexed territory beginning period rule years driven region southern declared great khan defeated tribes surrendered submitted rule battles oasis states switched allegiance dynasty oasis states surrendered chinese kingdom military campaigns expanded west remaining kingdoms southern beginning king refused submit dynasty emperor ordered campaign led general invade troops arrived annexed kingdom army sent support retreated forces approached nearby kingdom grew wary chinese troops stationed domination refused send tribute court formed alliance campaign led commander captured kingdom installed loyalist ruler military assistance failed deter forces support puppet ruler later deposed military campaign led general member royal family arrived establish control conquering led forces kingdom army comprising soldiers lost king fled soldiers kingdom day siege king captured forces surrendered january military garrisons installed region administer annexed oasis states garrisons known garrisons located campaign member royal family previously general emperor commanding forces led revolt migrated westward declaring ruler rise power unified divided tribes single leader established led repeated raids settlements east attacked bringing territory rule years emperor successor responded sending forces consisting main division led led rivals commander south central earlier career officer responsible leading attack military camp gained military experience leader regional militia civil war fought transition general military experience familiar culture contact military leaders region multi ethnic commanders invited military event general second cousin commander attendance forces comprised soldiers horsemen troops provided son leader allied supported revolt reign tribe people joined vice commander cavalry military campaign commanders cavalry protector general vice protector general administrators near military garrison army marched region troops left march arrived november journey spanning miles desert avoided stopping resource rich oasis states historian speculates chinese troops relied livestock food instead supply train tactic campaign continued winter covered snow describing journey ordeal reported said fog shed darkness wind believe campaign season let surprise commanders army familiar political culture nomadic nomadic alliances formed distributing war ensuring security tribal property grew rulers failed deliver promises chinese understood tribes vulnerable switching advantage recruited tribes tribal western turks contributed additional soldiers tribe offered support defeated tribe aided children wives originally captured returned gifts offered battle fought near forces consisting cavalry ambushed chased troops deployed defeated surprise attack lost soldiers tribes loyal surrendered escaped modern retreating captured day residents handed way capital reported written defeated ruined war captive emperor treated betrayed present defeat heaven fury past heard han law executions men carried city marketplace arrive capital request tomb previous emperor crimes emperor sincere desire received plea agreed request despite law ordering execution captured rebel generals kings accordance rituals sent tomb spared life capital captive presented ancient rituals celebrating victorious armies felt committed suicide year later captivity buried mound decorated outside emperor park tomb served military trophy visible emperor visitors entering park loyalty emperor military victories historical significance aftermath conquest strengthened rule modern administered led regions previously control fall brought region control residing tribes governed newly established led tribal chiefs commander chiefs created tribes living southern valley area placed control continued career military general later commanded forces war dynasty achieved maximum extent following conquest inhabitants new territory like kingdoms tribes conquered military activity brought wave migrants serving military soldiers generals leading spread language culture time prevalence languages decline absorbed cultural influences central asian art incorporated stylistic features like color pottery chinese coins remained circulation decline cultural remnants architectural influence visible buddhist architecture border corridor sheer size newly conquered lands difficult govern military garrisons emperor appointed puppet rule later overthrown rebellion began revolt reduced western extent northern ended direct control modern afghanistan expansion south threatened china hold southern invaded forces regained area restoring garrisons conflict continued remainder dynasty maximum extent expansion brought china direct contact rising china western borders reached eastern frontier following arab defeat began expansion competing sphere influence region chinese islamic troops finally clashed battle chinese lost arabs rule arab army captured chinese arabic record conflict claims battle led introduction islamic world puppet emperor installed puppet cousins controlled region enemies aided campaign western divided tribes area cousins governed half tribes located west governed half located east son son resided capital fathers administered empress sent westward succeed fathers rulers able successfully exert control tribes resisted rule defeating forcing return able bring western tribes temporarily rule defeated invasion second forced escape region loyalists later attempts install puppet failed title reduced symbolic position court
Conquest of the Western Turks