hungarian croatian february king hungary king croatia death younger brother age father king hungary died uncle ascended throne king decided prepare physically disabled according late medieval hungarian chronicles church career appointed bishop romania early dying preferred heir early fled hungary returned july uncle died crowned early circumstances accession throne unknown granted called year coronation large groups arrived hungary way holy land allowed organized groups pass hungary peacefully annihilated bands entering kingdom unauthorized countryside invaded croatia defeated native king crowned king croatia according late 14th century authenticity universally accepted scholars crowned having ratified treaty leaders croatian nobility coronation hungarian monarchs kings croatia centuries face brother lust power life devised plots overthrow occasions retaliation seized brother son blinded hungarian chronicles compiled reign kings descending mutilated brother nephew depict unfortunate monarch hand portrayed science letters kings day contemporaneous chronicler governed aspects life including taxation trade relations christian non christian subjects remained century hungarian king renounce control appointment realms early years till elder future king sons survived infancy byzantine second wife unknown left hungary husband death implying childless consequently mother younger brother wife family unknown according historians font born uncommon recorded medieval documents written latin font write probably named missionary austria early 11th century possibility turkish origin meaning rest father ascended throne minors died april brother succeeded new king decided prepared career church king decision unusual older according 14th century mean stature quick induced uncle decision chronicler states half blind walked speech reliability description doubtful chronicle completed reign kings descending preparation clerical life learnt read write acquired good knowledge latin proficiency canon law letter pope urban addressed according having finished studies ordained priest early appointed bishop according late medieval chronicles bishop romania narrates wanted appoint bishop source says bishop according accompanied uncle military campaign early reaching border kingdom overcome grave decided appoint heir want respect uncle decision fled poland returned hungary july uncle died according invited poland source adds true simplicity heart honoured brother yielded crown kingdom suggests ascended throne crowned king early delay implying brothers fighting crown reached agreement possible proposed font crowned pope urban clerical status reign facing crowned according time granted rights report shows acknowledged brother rule exchange receiving time father grandfather comprised kingdom shortly coronation face problems armies crusade caused passing hungary army led reached frontier proceeded kingdom disturbances arrivals headed passed country incidents reached serbia dispute local inhabitants caused riot besieged took town bout thousand hungarians according contemporaneous albert withdrew troops approaching band reached present day slovakia time started region soon routed locals fourth army region defeated troops granted licence buy sell necessary supplies peace proclaimed sides according instructions dispute arise large army delayed days began bold race rest soldiers drank violated proclaimed peace little little stealing wine hungarians finally seizing sheep cattle fields killing destroyed stood wanted drive committed crimes report like people habits wild present stabbed certain young hungarian market street stake private parts dispute disturbed scandal ordered signal given hungary stir battle vengeance crime insults pilgrims spared carried deed alarmed incidents refused authorize new arrived leadership count weeks later enter hungary broke defensive lines laid siege weeks mustered armies causing panic enabled garrison fortress carry sortie route bands according albert contemporaneous christians thought hungarians victory punishment god inflicted pilgrims jews greed money divine justice properly organized army reached borders hungary september led duke lower meeting reached agreement king authorized march kingdom stipulated younger brother baldwin family stay hostages passed hungary peacefully right bank danube army followed left bank released hostages crossed river marked kingdom southern frontier uneventful march main army hungary fame quickly spread europe contemporaneous wrote jews persecuted arrived hungary secretly took wealth away specify number historians jews represented large influx issued number separate statutes regulating position jews hungary instance forbade holding christian slaves residing outside episcopal sees writes defence purity christians jews plays minor role legislation comparison late 12th century canon law try convert jews issued aimed conversion muslim subjects instance prescribed muslim guest invited dinner table companions shall eat pork meat order prevent muslims observing laws expansion internal conflicts legislation victories holy roman emperor supported pope urban years wrote letter emperor stated neglected imperial interests asked duke intervene behalf bishop abandoned predecessor foreign policy supported pope writes fact brother years close relationship emperor henry influenced decision married daughter roger sicily close ally holy sister married elder son emperor rebelled father joined pope camp invaded croatia native king years resisted predecessor died hungarian troops reached adriatic_sea occupied important port threatened advance army citizens towns split swore fidelity sailed having fleet sent envoys letter remove concerning right predecessors agreement called determined spheres interest party coastal regions croatia hungary taking advantage absence began king mustered armies returned croatia marched brother troops armies met river separating commanders troops started negotiations decided fight compelling king duke peace army marched drew near opposite direction river loyal hungarians sought bring truce order talk said fight defeat battle shall die escape flee times past fathers fought brothers brothers died ground fighting let fight fighting shall win let lord having taken decision chief men dispersed told decision informed kept peace grand prince sent son husband hungary seek assistance princes westernmost regions persuaded intervene conflict king army crossed laid siege poland seat rebellious princes allies persuaded attack hungarians ensuing battle hungarian army defeated says hungarians suffer slaughter battle according hungarians drowned san battle narrowly escaped battlefield valley san year bohemian border assist duke meeting border river field renewed age old bonds friendship peace confirmed according assembled kingdom reviewed advice entire council text laws king saint stephen assembly passed new regulated aspects economy tempered legislation predecessor prohibited persecution vampires exist law dealt taxes trade increased implying commerce flourished reign legislation prohibited export hungarian slaves horses coins smaller issued predecessor reign prevented cutting smooth edge crowned king croatia 13th century thomas writes union croatia hungary consequence conquest late 14th century manuscript known narrates crowned reached agreement leading croatian preparing defend kingdom force document authentic source subject scholarly debate according historian document content reality respect concerning special status croatia middle ages instance case foreign invasion croatian obliged fight expense river considered border croatian territories hungary man spirit resolved land adriatic_sea came force arms took possession remaining passed attempt prevent alliance byzantine emperor arranged marriage son heir john cousin invaded according life blessed john personally commanded troops besieging influential towns siege lasted bishop john negotiated treaty king citizens accepted split likewise surrendered short siege towns resistance based life christopher martyr historian writes hungarian fleet islands including thomas narrates granted town charter liberties secure loyalty liberties included citizens right freely elect bishop town exemption tribute monarch following conquest assumed new title king hungary croatia recorded family affairs year old son stephen crowned caused openly rebel king duke left hungary sought assistance emperor having realized emperor facing rebellion son help returned hungary year fled brother law poland polish assistance captured fortress hungary meeting monarchs vowed perpetual friendship brotherhood polish monarch support forced yield sent envoys pope october informed pope royal appoint according historians font declaration holy acknowledged conquest civil war brother intervened behalf helped overcome army sent hungarian reinforcements invaded byzantine territories october suffered sound defeat forced accept treaty pilgrimage decided advantage absence seized allowed private property annexation ensured integrity kingdom having returned set monastery occasion present falsely according accused trying assassinate monarch brother arrested reverend bishops disposed dignitaries intervened behalf reconciliation sworn king brother left request invaded hungary laid siege slovakia september time duke supported regions north danube ally invaded forcing czech duke withdraw emperor attempt total failure persuaded forgive allowed return hungary year visited confirmed privileges split returned reaffirmed towns liberties hungarian historian font writes set new diocese slovakia according contrasting view historians established charter grants issued mentions second charter refers bishop royal charters mention implies important landowner province holding specific office austria possibly retaliation participation german campaign hungary according widowed married daughter prince according queen taken sin adultery soon sent father grand prince years poland blinded rebellious brother causing death undertook journey pilgrimage holy king shrine hungary received polish monarch shortly discovered seize throne having lost patience young son blinded secure peaceful succession son occasion brother partisans likewise mutilated according versions events recorded king ordered soldier charged task refused execute order chronicle writes child believed died actually kept monastery decade king took duke infant son blinded gave orders infant man instructed blind feared god royal line dog brought king fleet venice commanded invaded august occupied islands coastal cities time ill symptoms recorded indicate caused death instructed son great men death vengeance russia injury campaign councillor advice taken refuge monastery imprisoned king began ill latin doctor named placed trust doctor applied ears king oppressed strength drew ears small brain removed endure longer showed inspected saw matter drawn forth brain said king lord prepare extreme king heard afraid died february according divine vengeance drink bitterness early death innocent blood ordering punishment partisans buried near holy king stephen title king hungary croatia family wife incorrectly named earlier historiography daughter count roger sicily scholarly uncertainty mother count wife second wife marriage took place spring gave birth children according font eldest child born followed twin brothers stephen death preceded died married second wife summer born years younger daughter prince time marriage charge adultery fled gave birth son regarded son hungarian relatives following family tree presents ancestors relatives mentioned article second wife children mother uncertain legacy late medieval hungarian chronicles written kings descended blinded order preserved unfavorable image rule according evil things reign states predicted shed blood modern historians including font agree negative view form revenge brother descendants persuaded emphasize failures hide successes time existence favorable image proven instance 13th century roger writes inscribed catalogue saints members dynasty actually severity laws report nature clearly mentions christian king endowed grace dove virtues appreciated modern historiography according reign medieval hungarian state acquired final structure font wrote laws governed kingdom modifications century monarchs hostile memory likewise hungary followed pattern established small 12th century contemporaries pope urban aware uncommon according chronicles hungarians called learned book lover books owned says read canonical hours like bishop books according court center learning literature compiled life king saint stephen writes probable romania written reign historians attribute compilation hungarian historical records gave rise development hungarian historiography efforts
Coloman, King of Hungary