ukrainian august august nicknamed hammer notable member aristocracy polish lithuanian commonwealth prince crown father future king poland notable magnate military commander romanian origin heir biggest fortunes state rose notable including position conversion roman catholicism caused dissent ukraine parts polish lithuanian commonwealth successful military leader wealthiest poland ruling lands inhabited people biography youth born exact date place birth known father lithuanian family died soon birth mother born noble woman family daughter namesake died parents rite uncle influential orthodox theologian great uncle orphaned age seven raised uncle branch family roman catholics attended jesuit college later traveled italy briefly attended acquired military experience netherlands upbringing uncle trips abroad turned provincial youngest polish lithuanian commonwealth returned commonwealth took uncle management father huge estate included large ukraine converted action caused concern ukraine decision analyzed historians criticized particularly ukrainian historiography feared lose powerful protector metropolitan bishop friend mother unsuccessfully change mind remained decent terms avoiding provocative actions supported uncle orthodox bishop later life biographer counted participated wars lifetime war accompanied southern army took battles unsuccessful siege later year took retreating following year worked commanding private army troops formed army counting supporting elements despite junior commanders influence campaign lacking artillery failed major towns ravaged countryside near war ended soon afterward returned service received war engaged number conflicts neighbouring nobles able afford sizable private army thousands threat able force neighbours favourable settlement disputes soon return russian participated family quarrel estate magnate located lands soon victorious battle bought lands incorporated estates polish parliament opposed marriage king sister anna following distanced royal court periodically returned warsaw usually deputies soon afterward married daughter chancellor february 16th birthday time engaged political conflict nobility titles particular title prince nobility commonwealth officially equal different non hereditary titles found rest world officials polish lithuanian commonwealth conflict took time revolved old prince titles awarded families lands incorporated commonwealth union new titles awarded recently foreign courts recognized chief participants debate successfully defending old titles including family succeeding new titles gained powerful magnate conflict years deputy wasn involved major political issues twice served minor function investigating eastern southern border disputes fought rebellion uprising notes historians certain case detailed accounts possible participation survive year later returning engagement ceremony gathered strong division participated putting arrived region affected unrest june year defeated insurgents battle turned difficult siege camp lasted june till relief forces defeated august august final years death uncle adult male family inherited remaining estates clan despite brief conflict claimed inherited land conflict stemmed fact asked care grandchildren mother married declared able willing care children estates year later decided divorce matter settled favor fought raids south east frontier commonwealth endangered holdings took victorious crushed forces led false news death took disputed estate sentenced exile influence king expect enforce ruling civil war eventually discussions local won case granted right death invaded took town claimed son year later lost case forced return town april received office granted seat senate poland member family gain privilege soon afterward refused support king plan war ottoman_empire king offered rank field autumn invaded took vacated recently banished legal caused court ruling ruling enforced later year raised large private army purpose unknown noted writes army raised immense cost short time participate engagement clear purpose notes army useful provoking ottomans opposed war point refusing office actions modern historians fought received information growing unrest began troops early learned victory battle receiving orders began moving soon learning second victory meant troops strong polish forces moment taking situation began retreating army soon focal point refugees continued continued stopping briefly local skirmishes near forces july arrive near fighting retreat major impact course war words historian defeated victorious peace difficult politicians safe warsaw tried negotiate turn actions excuse delay negotiations late august early september met army overly friendly terms resented passed military nominations short negotiations agreed follow orders reduced junior commander status little impact phase campaign september forces defeated battle near end battle accounts suggest offered position refused september popular support given field nomination week later nomination confirmed anger decided focus retreating key fortress instead leave garrisons towns army field end cities captured light coming winter decided retreat paid ransom town councils large field battle place year elected new king supported candidates jan brother opposition detractors granted position days debate subject granted document stated power equal faction arguing increase army size faction hoped peaceful resolution end king false sense security military reinforced significantly add insult injury coronation january february held revoked rank half negotiations fell polish lithuanian military begun gathering near borders rebellious ukraine major camp arrive late june gathering new army able afford time estates overrun arrival raised morale royal army despite having official rank common soldiers new promised advice offered official command refused siege official commander role taken historians agree real unofficial commander polish lithuanian army siege treaty command siege seen phenomenal popularity troops nobility rose king fond gave relatively small reward land grant compared distributed time needing support december year king granted temporary nomination land grants april return temporary office recently released captivity december year light growing tensions military faction succeeded convincing pass resolution increasing size army largest army unrest begun years ago truce long spring begun advancing west june brought private army face commanded left wing polish lithuanian army victorious june polish lithuanian army advanced retreating july king left army having given order army march ukraine king parted warsaw celebrate victories later year august suddenly fell ill camp near village died august age cause death known contemporaries speculated poisoned conclusive evidence support claim found based sparse descriptions illness subsequent investigations medical historians suggest cause death disease related cholera account states following cheerful conversation officers military council tent sunday august eaten washed contracted lying ill week died given ceremonial funeral entire army present august body seen journey residence family able provide funeral rank fame deserved end received large funeral temporary location body monastery final resting place body lost fire end 18th century prevents modern cause death wealth majority family estates found eastern acquired grandfather 16th century capital estate located fortified manor father rebuilt old castle population town estimated inherited lands inhabited according estimate people largest town smaller towns lands included lands inhabited people number towns lands rose thirty population increased prosperity lands reflected skills economic management income territories estimated yearly wealthiest commonwealth size relatively consistent borders estate named despite wealth known lavish life court people know overly extravagant built luxurious residences single portrait life uncertain looked number portraits works depicting exist notes historiography concerning focuses military political aspects life critics discuss successes economic development estates remembrance popular culture widely popular noble class saw defender tradition patriot able military commander praised contemporaries including poet numerous diary writers early historians protection civilian population including jews uprising commended early jewish historians 19th century legendary perfect knight sculpture sculpture famous historical 18th century knight room royal warsaw castle 19th century image begun new wave historiography begun life era poland value builders warriors time polish historians begun question traditional view ukrainian problem way polish noble class dealt slowly image hero began aspects life personality questioned criticized work historians portrayal major secondary character trilogy fire sword describes history polish lithuanian commonwealth uprising positive criticism persona intensified particular detractors 1930s saw modern historical work era people republic poland communist_party ideology dictated historians present enemy people began relaxed analyzing work historians notes sympathetic critical appearances recent media main subject songs conversion played film fire sword
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki