mile tributary hudson_river new_york united_states flows unnamed pond north square hudson river southernmost tributary major stream southern drain hudson instead drains area square miles km2 heavily developed miles flows parallel commuter association said river identity crisis watershed settled dutch site seat land owned subsequent generations family lost end american revolution land river later divided multiple towns industry developed river end 19th century local poet called snake like yellow 1920s half mile stream routed tunnels downtown process partially reversed early 21st century major new_york today rates river miles impaired water body commonly found metals industrial factories found water high concentrations nonetheless river home species american swim upstream mature swim hudson ocean order breed course saw mill river rises acre pond wooded area town new castle roughly miles north half mile west south elevation feet sea level past cemetery hills residential area houses large wooded lots generally southward direction north drive crossing create small pond area frequently landscaping area large residential land lots crossing bends eastward cross road short portion runs yard large house southeast intersection river flows houses west duck pond outlet continues southeast east douglas roads west west train station turns southwest parallel parkway cross town point river feet elevation loss feet source south town line receives named tributary east mile past town line river eponymous parkway pass village east river crosses parkway flow west crosses road state route exit long turn southeast southwest receives east crossing parkway west flood plain base hills road river rail pass unincorporated turns south east river crosses shortly exit crosses ramps interchange turn south southeast following eastern edge joined west bike path right way new_york known old river crosses parkway form eastern edge plant nursery saw mill river road river bike path parkway bend northwest corner drops feet elevation loss feet turn southwest lakes county park puts river outskirts receives brook east bike path ends amidst dense urban development parkway continues draw close enter town intersect interstate new bike path begins south state route bridge north brook confluence past parkway turn southwest intersect interstate oblique angle mile remains close river carrying returns corridor east river runs west park facilities largest saw mill river water supply local communities northern village line south river runs close boundary gradually away southeast past avenue bridge continuing south southwest river parkway enter hastings hudson major break village dense suburban development slowly southerly heading enters park neighborhood mile south parkway neighborhood saw mill river flows sewage treatment plant river leaving plant miles south river entered parkway river miles climb watershed divide continues parallel namesake bending southwest saw mill flows narrow channel industrial commercial area mile south parkway flows middle smith site finally drops feet elevation crossing river bends flow briefly northwest avenue crossing circles war memorial field giving remaining elevation hudson_river turns south past park passing towers large housing project west routed underground tunnel triangle avenues school street downtown flows past post office final feet enters tunnel train station tracks hudson south dock street watershed square mile km2 watershed limited hilly topography central valley averages miles wide wider spots brook river mouth downtown highest elevation watershed feet reached locations summit north unnamed height land feet southwest hill west source mouth watershed new castle town watershed consists dense urban dense suburban land development forest agricultural woodlands river significant areas open space county south people live saw mill river watershed communities varying small villages new_york fourth largest city county total area watershed population density varies square mile mouth averages square mile twice county times density state north saw mill watershed bordered drain large watershed new_york_city water supply system northeast adjacent drain supplies city moving south tributaries grassy reservoir finally west narrow strip hudson north end watershed unnamed shorter streams south history pre colonial known acted boundary members family region streams lakes rods nets occupied present day new_york_city north river occupied land river north principal village site present day saw mill river hudson_river settled site today river banks west colonial period dutch west acquired area seven years later dutch granted land including southern section estate called colony known dutch word stream built land death widow gradually sold land land passed rewarded acres km2 including lower river declaring loyalty new british rulers named manor ran quasi feudal farm hiring tenants work land built manor hall mansion saw mill river today died manor divided son grandson great grandson inherited property moved new_york_city manor hall previously family summer home frederick sat strong supporter british government given family owned primarily interested managing land improved manor hall worked attract tenant farmers land family known relaxed approach tenants farm profitable commercially mouth useless way bring crops market limiting settlement roots present day communities river established colonial era land agent named settled north bound flat land bend river farmers came area settlement ultimately today village area today known established tavern junction roads today routes center village today tenant farmers built house land leased today house stands river north brother built mills river small settlement today settlers came different direction long_island previous century escape religious persecution england north present hamlet established middle century community built meeting house buildings era today old historic district listed national_register_of_historic_places revolutionary war tensions rose colonists britain early remained loyal crown arrested august held connecticut parole grant end year allowed return home long support british war effort broke promise spring attempted behest wife inform british passing column continental_army troops headed south attack british camp shortly fled british occupied new_york return home communities saw mill played minor parts revolutionary war especially october defeated retreated vicinity victorious british withdrew wanted control divided new_england colonies left neutral ground local militias raiding parties affiliated sides fought supporters residents southern abandoned farms drove valley hill protect loyalist raids built forts near minor tributary named drained roughly junction today built yankee dam create lake wide slow british progress river opened hospital injured continental_army soldiers storm tavern gathering place continental officers later french colleagues routes hilly central river associated roads saw frequent skirmishes november young men patriot sympathies walking near river crossing ferry road avenue came group horsemen affiliated county feared loyalist militias young men rivals beat severely later died survivor awarded pension believed history later month elite unit loyalist militia mercenaries staged midnight raid hoping capture storm cousins van active local patriot militia settled burning looting storm house tavern proceeding van houses trapped cousins teenage sons set fire houses hid roof jumped captors fled cold waters nearby got away soon died adjacent terrain conferred tactical advantages knew skirmish began patriot hunting area eastern flood plain large group british soldiers loyalist supporters road storm tavern began fatally wounded changed position amid distraction musket killed hearing shots local patriots came aid eventually larger force killed captured senior continental_army officers spent time saw valley george_washington said mentioned ford tree referring wide tree longer extant century later residents named hamlet remark left meeting moments loyalists host col commander militia captured imprisoned rest war british major spent night capture documents exposing betrayal inn later war young farmhouse corners site largest military engagement near river operating freely northern stay avoid attack january company troops massachusetts long corners local loyalists inform british raised force cavalry infantry fort washington today northern tip manhattan force marched saw mill overnight arriving corners morning outnumbered stiff resistance aided cold heavy snow cover opponents fatigue ultimately killed taken prisoner british loyalist allies celebrated burning young house retreated north rest war passed bill property british officials prominent loyalists included land including land saw mill river watershed distributed tenant farmers state divided town entire eastern half tract located towns mount pleasant joined approximately present boundaries group settlers organized years later built church today oldest building village oldest church continuous use 1800s 1900s economy early 19th century derived small wharf slightly upstream mouth carried river trade small mills existed river village dams small mill ponds nearby workers route post road stopped inn near bridge stores existed supply workers mills existed rocky soil attempts farming historian later wrote said time succession continuous stepped square present setting foot ground rocky soil wells general refusal sell lease land settlers built revolution fell severe neglect lack students manor house surrounding land river mouth today downtown passed owners new_york merchant bought acres manor house wells subdivided developed property extensively landscape manor house grounds wells built long wharf hudson mouth service established new_york albany property remained largely unchanged death maps property time wells purchase death mouth widening small estuary reaching hudson south bank river mouth foot high bluff construction directly affecting river bridge carried today avenues route river wells survived death wife brothers children leaving clear heir estate complicated lack accordingly new_york law time holdings divided widow grand nephew decided sell property years buildings gone time construction laid track causeway right river mouth decades population grew rapidly leading incorporate village city rest estuary filled narrowed south graded existence later decades 19th century industry grown river lower portion pollution dumped river factories alongside local poet lamented decline spreading feet flow sins snake like yellow let river dams built removed years later somewhat recovered people drinking water swimming late 19th century new_york built saw mill river central parts line operated 1940s 1980s main line railroad devoted bicycle pedestrian paths south county parts south route north growing population reached tapped miles north downtown held water towers slow sand city drawing average million gallons day river system despite pollution river continued reversing earlier recovery report condition public water supplies state new_york said conditions saw mill watershed unsatisfactory despite considerable rules regulations protect river city public works department noted dozens violations previous year continued years great located edge tributaries drainage yards house drains department noted enforce violated regulations strictly clean river city chose cover entirely feet river including small gorge buried square neighborhood effort halt river frequent floods water open space development decade county parks commission proposed build river river parkway follows add sewer line river prevent contamination water supply construction began continued great depression parkway reached river world war temporarily halted construction complete parkway construction later decade required adjustment river course areas postwar development led runoff flooded closed parkway engineers urging river cleaned reduce flooding illegal dumping continued example storm runoff gave section river highest concentrations heavy metals chemicals according study river year city stopped saw mill primary water source decade later sediment highest concentration metals entire water quality assessment program 2000s new kind pollution entered lower sugar acid river district attorney brought criminal environmental charges plant owner forced pay fine donation regional environmental organization focuses hudson tributaries ton sugar local nonprofit supplies food passed money received local projects hudson valley coordinator received year watershed grant recipients nationwide pool applicants group garbage removes invasive species plants native trees river group marks storm drains drain river september organized catalog species plant life animal life insects fungi bacteria river watershed coalition looking restore wetlands river order reduce flooding raising saw mill parkway continues foot stretch raised inches reduce flooding river currently working million project remove river flows bring river surface project uncover river blocks downtown newly surfaced river urban park downtown phase project removed parking lot covered block section river square neighborhood downtown ground broken december work completed december work second phase aims expose river began march project stimulated real estate investment area recreation river remaining open spaces near river passes popular fishing contains hiking trail bicycle trails run parts river run van park known closest trout fishing river new_york_city early 2000s stocked trout year lower river specifically good trout river maintains stream gauge saw mill river mouth mean discharge cubic feet second extremes cubic feet april easter cubic feet average annual precipitation watershed inches water quality varies reflecting history surroundings town considered relatively healthy river disturbed ecosystem supports diversity organisms flows concrete lined channel life water considered environmentally impaired study found concentrations heavy metals water increased downstream phenomenon observed river mouth ddt detected sediments river final miles found kilogram water 1990s found hudson tributaries tested worst levels copper mercury sediments near mouth worst nationwide river levels found exceed federal standards believed add pollution hudson single tributary unusually river waters consistently slightly suggesting affected acid rain hudson tributaries state survey reported decades later study found readings rising steadily similarly study found median low median high near road drop tunnel total median river lowest recorded year long study highest reading road results range required state regulations study classified water quality entire river miles river source classified suitable purpose drinking miles classified safe drink miles river sewage treatment plant hudson determined unsafe drink fish water safe agricultural industrial use regulations adopted amended new_york divides river water quality regions similar study feet saw mill mouth affected hudson tides like river point considered class surface water kept suitable primary secondary contact recreation swimming boating fishing capable supporting fish wildlife propagation survival section extends sewage plant class fresh water purposes extent factors limit inlet section designated class fresh water kept clean drinking remainder source fourth section designated class fresh water kept standards salt water river mouth tributaries named unnamed generally held standards section drain study undergraduate measured points river duck pond inside tunnel levels increased river flowed suggesting especially dissolved came urban runoff instead single point source exception rose drastically south finding concurred earlier study doubled study noted suggested point source known burial site area argued cleaning possible point sources eliminate river river found somewhat levels high recommends eating half pound fish month study river rated water quality study discovered dissolved oxygen levels water low organisms poor sediment little plant life river storm water residential neighborhoods added dissolved oxygen brought found prevented aquatic life sustaining fish naturally spawn river cement mouth years later joint study found high levels human bacteria water likely municipal sites exceeded state maximum monthly median organisms months levels river generally highest near mouth sampling site study metro north station recorded greatest single reading site organisms second highest researchers speculated sewer overflow area times readings high readings came rainfall sites downstream study older buildings area discharge sewage directly river saw mill river flows shade forest canopy bacteria likely sunlight streams lined tires shopping plastic bottles trash found trash pollution river mouth end tunnel urban refuse tires bottles cans etc lines lower river reported oil gasoline regularly observed segment stretches slightly better end tunnel river found impaired recreation drinking aquatic life litter habitat merely stressed point waters merely stressed aquatic life recreation fish consumption considered impaired know sources stretch called research geology saw mill basin region primarily rock marble seen bedrock river soils river basin reflect past area glacial till covers river downstream drift sediments flora fauna american lives saw mill river tributaries commonly born atlantic_ocean maneuver river tunnel reaching natural parts river farther upstream scale foot dam reaching growing feet length upstream return ocean hudson_river spawn planned installation trash catching nets portion river prevent leaving river reproduce fish discovered newly section river baby spotted river addition trout addition wood frogs eastern painted turtles live river species hurt river white tailed deer square mile deer square kilometer live river parkway ecosystem carry eat low lying plants shrubs tree reducing food supply smaller animals deer cars hastings times month found river building small dams river night ducks birds present river numerous invasive plants live saw mill river vine white native trees oriental present river slowly displacing native american oriental form hybrids native making identification harder japanese japanese invasive native asia addition purple perennial flower present river native trees river include pin oak trees found found entire native plants include evening invasive species europe wild
Saw Mill River