triangle link triangle link norwegian fixed link branches connects islands mainland norway consists underwater island bridge road including bridge bridge section branch county road meters long reaches meters mean sea level longest tunnel norway deepest world opened bridge suspension bridges lengths metres main spans meters meter beam bridge link kilometer long toll road toll plaza section pedestrian bicycle path plans link launched bridge 1960s late 1980s plans evolved triangular project controversy surrounding project particular passed plans construction started following year bridges link opened december tunnel opened april link cost billion norwegian nok substantial cost remain toll road april route description triangle link routes county road section including bridge runs west coast norway section interchange including bridge county road link acts mainland connection mainland link island communities combined population meter long tunnel crosses meters wide meters tall reaches meters mean sea level tunnel lanes downhill direction extra lane switching opened longest second deepest tunnel europe suspension bridge crosses connecting meters long main span distance towers meters bridge meters wide clearance meters meter tall built concrete deck built steel sections meters long weighing tonnes long tons short tons second longest span norway bridge suspension bridge crosses connecting meters long main span meters bridge meters wide clearance meters higher clearance built allow ship traffic runs continue run bridge meter tall bridge similar aesthetically design bridge features steel deck concrete fifth longest span norway beam bridge crosses connecting meters long consists spans clearance meters fixed link project includes kilometers highway received new lane limited access road bridge included new grade separated level interchange southern immediately bridge link included meters new limited access road tunnel grade separated interchange new road built islands including intersection consisted new section road including new tunnel combined pedestrian bicycle path runs section grass division land parts road path walls built natural stone tolls collected toll plaza located plaza constructed grade separated intersection car passes plaza traffic traveling pay cars driving drive straight ahead plaza cars need use interchange intersection allowing access island plaza lanes direction toll booth direction automatic collection toll station uses toll collection allows passage stopping addition manual collection passengers pedestrians free fees nok cars nok trucks frequent travelers toll company receive percent history bridge proposals recorded proposal connection 1960s sheriff later mayor christened proposed series bridges run local politicians opposed plan recent municipal merger sectors project abandoned official investigations new route launched mayor proposed bridge cross inspired plans build north bergen municipal councils decided launch planning process concluded bridge optimal report considered bridges crossing protests concerned operations sound closed shipping traffic similar protests came shipping industry wished continue protests plans including suspension bridge illustrate point let ships cross middle shipping industry received support plans abandoned early 1980s plans airport launched bridge plans brought industry wanted use ferry reach airport committee representatives municipalities established look possibilities bridge led mayor issued task author report recommendation proposals suspension bridge suspension bridge terminate south new airport combined fixed link passing archipelago time fixed link mainland proposed protested possible suspension bridge near airport stated closer away fine mapping traffic patterns undertaken based feedback bridge recommended estimated cost nok million addition auxiliary roads nok million following opening tunnel norway proposed fixed link involved combined bridge road tunnels islands including suspension bridge causeway low bridge onwards kilometer tunnel low bridge addition kilometer long tunnel constructed company launched tunnel proposal cost nok million kilometers tunnel connecting mainland committee positive proposals director stated project unrealistic subsequently invited member planning committee committee voted encourage municipal councils pass planning involved bridge aimed plans norwegian road plan committee continued work dissolved october replaced limited company company owned municipalities banks new master plan project completed december proposed main routes archipelago bridge suspension bridge recommended choosing bridge stated stage second stage involve tunnel mainland representatives shipping industry end decided start working mainland connection hinder sailing report published looked details tunnel mainland official document use triangle link term previously press delegation traveled united_states british_columbia canada look seven bridges seismic surveys undertaken changed majority board shifted favor fixed link issue subject major local debate supplemented demand residents southern want lose ferry service faster driving fixed link opposition stated allow bridge decided june work receiving permission collect advanced tolls ferry services september unanimously supported triangular proposal estimated cost nok million criticized stated longer time plan complete triangle link poll january showed percent population wanted triangle link percent wanted bridge january started negotiating loans banks receive financial guarantees triangle link february sufficient funding secured started actively opposing triangle link active local chapter conservation nature stated road consequences local boat traffic recreational islands instead recommended municipalities chose bridge action group established stated lack beaches islands low forested islands area paradise converted industrial area 1970s stated skeptical floating bridges case lesser applied municipal grants critical report rejected majority municipal council june new chapter established group stated irresponsible build link result massive increase car use future hands started petition collected signatures poll showed percent favor project percent opposed given ferry service improved things night ferries increased comfort opponent project wanted delay decision municipal elections ensure municipal councils backing public opponent stated risk project large uncertain long tolls years instead wanted use advanced tolls fuel fees place income bank pay fixed link accumulated funds opposition project overwhelming support southern concerns lose ferry longer rout triangle link stated necessary ferry people fear tunnels political processes voted unanimously favor triangle link february days later issue discussed proposed supporting bridge trial vote withdrew proposal supported triangle link following week voted favor triangle link debate dissent council voted march work proposals supported bridge stated half years work master plan wasted new master plan triangle link published early estimating costs nok million recommended ferry remain ferry services terminated report concluded maintenance costs fixed link lower subsidies ferry project economical society reduce emissions late advance tolls ferries approved municipal councils county council recommended collection start july immediately supported government september visited region looked proposed areas triangle link established triangle link need state grants entirely financed tolls tore conservative proposed project considered independent regular national road plans minister transport communications stated planned single report parliament projects master plan appealed appeal municipal election party opposed fixed link received large increase votes increasing percent year conservation nature started lobbying national politicians attempt stop issue parliament high profile people opposed project included issue advanced tolls reviewed county council october voted favor opposed representing socialist left party june county council asked triangle link sufficient state grants build projects require nok million possible start projects period council meeting june proposal rejected council votes chose received votes labour party votes cast favor triangle link proposal build received votes july master plan passed december parliament approved advanced payment tolls ferry effective january ticket prices increased nok resulted protests ferry employees stated collect tolls remove jobs representatives stated considered state work development plan started included safety environmental improvements increased project cost nok million subject statements norwegian road plan considered parliament minister transport communications labour_party stated wanted equally triangle link unrealistic build period county council meeting april council decided votes county projects subsequently stated opinion triangle link report presented recommended removed particularly labour_party disagreement build bridge addition crossing concerns bridge increase traffic subsequently result year road built subsequent negative impact nature wildlife prime minister labour_party stated october government favor triangle link opposed standing committee visited projects met favor bridge opposition fixed link proposed building compromise proposal labour_party consider solution postponed project years parliament decided june votes build triangle link passed aside construction construction started february blast taken county mayor representatives youth moved police officer festivities dressed police uniform brought badge police boat sent necessary documentation prove identity law stated day sorrow core samples showed tunnel built meters deeper originally planned avoid deposits undertaken construction started september march tunnel built average speed meters week record meters lowest point reached breakthrough took place september months schedule people participated course master fear tunnels organized toll company opened tunnel longest second deepest tunnel europe norway constructed method contractors joint venture construction started bridge february completed erected choosing continual instead separate ones cables spun site reel allowed cost savings times cables spun air spinning controlled tension allowed spinning little space use crew limited experience spinning bridges time site spinning norway poles delivered weeks schedule new mounting method developed allowed installed quarter time helicopter week delay allowed deck sections installed scheduled decks produced netherlands bridge italy bridge sent barge section length different bridges bridge having lengths meters bridge sections meters accommodate smaller vertical entire project cost nok million costs distributed nok million nok million bridge nok million bridge nok million nok million nok million roadways nok administration common costs investment cost split state grants nok million debt taken toll company project passed parliament budget nok million norway criticized total cost overrun nok million projects triangle link parts majority cost tied triangle link consequence minister transport stated future large road investments external quality assurance presented parliament opening operation link including bridge taken use december official opening opening took place april opening stage allowed ferry services replaced connected ferry connected opening connection remaining ferries closed connected ferry connected ferry connects southern closed closed ferry services transported vehicles people start toll plaza standard allows automatic passage toll plaza stopping system launched triangle link system use country allow internet initial charges nok cars tonnes long tons short tons meters length nok small trucks meters longer vehicles published report documenting high administration costs toll companies country company received criticism report especially trip chairman wife san_francisco participate conference criticized cost toll company nok annual board member fees nok excessive trips board commented wasted money internal concluded costs nok properly documented line regulations report rejected board claimed issues report campaign establish state run toll collection agency withdrew managing director chairman january time member parliament consequence report demanded extraordinary annual meeting held february chairman replaced elected new chairman time annual meeting demanded company withdraw tasks related establishing toll projects administrative work report seven toll companies criticized high administration costs toll changed operator toll plaza year toll plaza passing vehicles revenue nok million ninth largest toll road norway revenue toll collection scheduled completed april
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