polish january august polish volunteered die place stranger german death camp located german occupied poland world war active promoting virgin mary founding supervising monastery near warsaw operating radio station founding running organizations publications october pope declared martyr charity patron saint drug political prisoners families journalists prisoners pro life movement declared patron saint difficult century efforts promote mary known mary biography childhood born january russian_empire second son father ethnic german mother polish brothers shortly birth family moved life strongly influenced childhood vision virgin mary later described incident night asked mother god came holding crowns white red asked willing accept crowns white meant purity red martyr said accept elder brother francis joined enrolled minor seminary later year allowed enter given religious professed vows final vows adopting additional maria mary sent rome attended earned doctorate philosophy continued studies earned doctorate theology sources vary active mary time student witnessed demonstrations rome anniversary celebration according placed black standard windows vatican standard depicted lying feet triumphant time countless pamphlets distributed people holy father pope attacked soon afterward organized work conversion enemies catholic_church specifically virgin mary goal added medal prayer mary conceived sin pray thee thee especially recommended thee ordained priest july returned newly independent poland active promoting virgin mary strongly opposed leftist particular communist movements taught seminary time earlier rome suffered tuberculosis forced lengthy leave absence teaching duties january founded monthly periodical knight publication based french messenger heart jesus operated religious publishing press activities grew scope founded new monastery near warsaw major religious publishing center junior seminary opened years later undertook series missions arrived shanghai china failed gather following moved japan founded monastery outskirts nagasaki later gained seminary started publishing japanese edition monastery founded remains prominent roman_catholic_church japan built monastery according beliefs best suited harmony nature atomic bomb dropped nagasaki monastery saved mountain took main force blast left japan india founded monastery closed monastery began absence publish daily newspaper alliance political group publication reached circulation nearly double weekends poor health forced return poland years later started radio station held amateur radio licence sign death outbreak world war started invasion poland germany brothers remained monastery organized temporary hospital town captured germans briefly arrested september released december refused sign given rights similar german citizens exchange recognizing german ancestry release continued work monastery monks provided shelter refugees including jews hid german persecution received permission continue publishing religious works significantly reduced scope monastery continued act publishing house issuing number anti nazi german publications february monastery shut german authorities day arrested imprisoned prison transferred prisoner continuing act priest subjected violent harassment including beating smuggled prison hospital friendly inmates end july prisoners disappeared camp prompting deputy camp commander pick men death underground bunker deter escape attempts selected men cried wife children volunteered place according eye witness assistant time prison cell led prisoners prayer lady time guards checked standing kneeling middle cell looking entered weeks starvation remained alive guards wanted bunker emptied gave lethal injection acid said raised left arm waited deadly injection remains cremated august feast day recognized servant god declared january faith pope saint pope october pope declared martyr miracle confirm july cure tuberculosis august cure attributed feast day added general 20th century depicted statues great west door london controversies recognition christian martyr created controversy catholic_church ultimate self sacrifice life certainly heroic killed strictly speaking hatred faith result act christian charity pope recognized distinction naming giving unofficial title martyr charity pope deciding overruled commission established agreed earlier assessment heroic charity wishing point systematic hatred categories humanity propagated nazi regime inherently act hatred religious christian faith meaning death accused based content newspapers involved printed articles topics plot world domination criticized activities writing organizing mass propaganda catholic_church clear anti semitic anti edge number writers pointed jewish question played minor role thought work grounds allegations denounced holocaust scholars world war monastery sheltered jewish refugees according testimony local jews came asking piece bread asked father good conscience answered yes necessary men brothers nonetheless jewish literature anti despite hundreds gratitude assistance survivors polish jewish community alleged source controversy 1980s aftermath recognized nations relics class relics exist form hairs head beard preserved knowledge served relics distributed world public second class relics personal effects clothing preserved monastery cell chapel viewed visitors influence influence found fertile ground order form continued existence movement recent years new religious secular founded inspired spiritual way missionaries mary father parallel congregation religious sisters taught basic polish sing traditional hymns sung saint native tongue according patron unique mission bring souls sacred heart christ heart mary christ pure efficient holy instrument especially estranged church views theology echo today influence vatican image found churches europe churches poland patronage museum man opened published play significantly influenced life dedicated deputy designated home community located illinois features holocaust exhibit polish senate declared year year prayer composed prayer prayer conceived
Maximilian Kolbe