wild roses monastery chinese pinyin great university monasteries located miles north kilometres north origin attributed fact site monastery built surrounded wild roses bloom original responsible including located foot hills north complex structures colleges founded disciple revolt monastery suffered severe damage colleges destroyed hundreds monks killed took asylum india monks survived attack moved india initial established parallel colleges similar lines original monastery help government india monks living india community spread missionary activities countries establishing centres knowledge buddhism counterpart india noted debate sessions background original complex structures founded disciple prior establishing monastery assisted disciples set higher elevations complex divided sectors pathways eastern contains dwellings western known colleges instituted monastic universities monks age range structures complex formed clockwise pilgrimage circuit starting colleges order stated followed hall dwelling units finally ending colleges established train monks year programme philosophical knowledge concludes degree college colleges exclusively devoted practice ritual administration college comprised abbot council college years monastery developed monks resided monastery finest locations witness debate sessions held according fixed schedule monastery belongs largest monks residence history history monastery strongly connected master founder highly learned guru buddhist scriptures divine disciple established complex early 15th century initially served teacher monastery formed religious legend narrated site chosen vision saw text sky psychic spell gave insight text perceived vision rain like characters descending sky years later pupils fulfilled prophecy guru establishing seat learning knowledge complete teachings practices tradition king supported noble venture required finances performed foundation laying ceremony construction monastery detailing regard building development including installing sacred images idols objects worship completed according supreme wishes great monastery soon came known seat version came monastery location surrounded shrubs called formed like meaning fence events 14th fled india sought asylum month march year destroyed bombardment resulted death hundreds monks count monks living apart destruction ancient texts loss ancient antique works art survived monks common people onslaught chinese fled india severe winter weather conditions following mass exodus people including monks arrived india near state locations spread country exclusive establishments ready assistance forthcoming government india group monks monks established special monastery counterpart monks college survived invasion formed india houses buddhist monks comprising migrants born ancestral homeland forest land allotted government india arms representing monks colleges established monks got acres monks got balance area built grants government india monks reside pursue coupled surrounding allotted land raising food crops survival established organised monastery dedicated efforts monks assembly prayer hall accommodate monks completed monastery monastery affiliation smaller monasteries spread regions popularity monks living encouraged success noting pressure existing infrastructure additional larger impressive assembly hall measuring square feet feet high pillars built accommodate monks assemble prayers development original new counterpart monasteries college counterpart added recently india monk community gone global missionary activity establishing centers parts world removing cultural isolation years housed monks badly damaged following invasion revolution functional restoration according local sources monks reason decline attributed unrest geography monastery located northern outskirts capital built encompassed area acres geographical location base mountain known located northern suburb forms watershed basins formed rivers architecture monastery complex encompassing acres land housed institutions structures hall great assembly hall colleges dormitory called main hall scriptures scripted gold powder statues scent cloth murals seen descriptions given relate scenario existed monastery prior invasion china monasteries stated restored strength monks said small hall dated storey structure north east monastery facing east religious rituals rites conducted hall measured area square metres built pillars tall short columns constructed entry columns building statues images thousand hands faces ancient written scriptures dated volumes original volumes written possession monastery said emperor dynasty presented scriptures printed wood blocks gold cover engraved red china builder monastery entrance hall built columns large suspended ceiling walls centre provided light hall day image founder monastery central image deities installed metres height flanked statues lions vii favourite disciples inner metres high image guarded entrance houses image consort protector deities second floor seen small heart faces found armed idol flanked images placed fourth floors private apartments oldest college built established dynasty reign initially elementary basic education buddhist religion college adopted step step approach studies buddhist doctrines practice particular sect buddhism college built area square metres units lighting struck main hall rebuilt hall finally refurbished pillars tall short pillars housed galaxy statues buddhist main deity copper main deity students past teachers college college statues west east images protection deity east images images company sixteen elders depicted mountain caves volumes sacred text large image replaced earlier image chapel right images teacher founder second floor college image images replaced sacred texts destroyed cultural revolution floor reserved college largest college complex measured area square metres initially building fourth floor added 18th century strengthening building total columns statue said sculpted copper known popularly considered protective deity monastery deity obstacles healing powers deity divine injunction initiated son follow tradition supreme protector deity monastery assembly hall college depicted life achievements seen north wall images founder housed statues times housed main image contained images faced disciples amidst library images best students main buddhist commentators india gate keepers north east images teaching pose looking debating courtyard second floor monastery west called provided overview main image floor small image headed images 5th protector deities floor floor living quarters teachers spelled smallest colleges set complex building originally built refurbished 18th century devoted studies college assembly hall ground floor assembly hall built tall short columns carved capitals main image centre hall wearing black hat founder monastery believed presented image images hall religious teacher principle disciples founder housed statues chapel images elders double series upper series style lower series chinese given chapel housed 15th century image story residence second floor images medicine reports college destroyed resident monks died bombardment chinese language main dwelling units house monks monastery thirty surrounding central courtyard size varied depending strength monks housed monks village housed monk given separate cell prayer hall exclusive study buddhist doctrine annexed tea house main assembly hall minor images deities longevity inner speaking image protector springs renovated chapel image protector deity located hill slope accessed track painted rock carvings protector seen flanking stepped approaches route new building constructed place old destroyed revolution climb hill leads caves developed centuries renowned place learning trained hundreds scholars attained fame buddhist nations affiliation including located foot hills established held protest marches chinese rule result suffered incarnation brief details largest important located kilometres northwest valley slopes site years old dates founder buildings built area 7th century settlement originally site castle fort revealed converted monastery possibly reign second great buddhist king seven monks new earliest buddhist monasteries possibly pre dating original monastery partially destroyed king campaign destroy monastic buddhism rebuilt 11th century structure housed monks lived site eventually scholarly institution fifth known fond monastery funded building upper floor independent mid-1980s controlled chinese came control monks renovated continuing traditions temple noted blue carved gold hallway inscribed words meaning hail jewel lotus number stone relics buried cultural revolution monks restored excavated relics restored central shrine dating years located temple depicts called trinity temple takes hill past group cave known meditation chamber contains statues wives rock carving notably tradition monthly yearly ritual cycles important yearly ritual events day sets day rituals place new year celebrations sixteen day sets day rituals place fourth month attract people surrounding districts ritual events place sixth month fourth day pilgrimage known lies kilometres north slightly east downtown believed founded abbot 18th century retreat renowned scholars control early history supervised training monks evicted turned notorious gained reputation severe institutions run chinese 1980s citizen established monastery sect remember late physician mother receiving permission municipal government began site official estate previously controlled monastery initially objected converted practice centre today partly ruined consists major sections main temple compound central courtyard temple kitchen monks living quarters extensive ruined complex south main temple served meeting rooms living quarters workers business managers estate building served living quarters fully ordained monks formed ritual core monastic community stable cow hybrid main temple contains statues deities dimensional model palace today priests residing main temple compound living southeast ruins located far western end valley property estate chinese invasion originally served meditation retreat monk named monk great according tradition died body remained state perpetual kept inside temple monks reported hair nails continued grow death chinese invasion body buried decayed regional house rebuilt 1980s bones today placed inside altar clay statue regional house temple cave inhabited great guru original cave collapsed landslide present rebuilt adjoining ruined safer location exists located east hill principal cemetery located close distance pilgrims undertake sixth month fourth day drug celebrations smooth relationship history official monk enjoyed facto status monk monastery observes practices special aspects temple complex belief assures rebirth remains brought cemetery believed light rays exchanged image chapel northern end cultural revolution present fifth incarnation incarcerated time later sought asylum india 1980s destroyed cultural revolution rebuilding started monk completed rebuilt houses monks east small exists ruins location north prior belonged consisted assembly hall monks quarters famous divine image blessed dead buried cemetery resident monks present plans rebuild lack funds west ruins present built ruins historical northeast monastery named local deity known setting ground ideal perform rites known saints surrounded mountains sides assigned divine names soul mountain families group hills monastery soul mountain hand bone ornaments deity found birth deity peak hill left cave known offering place cave copy holy scriptures said found local legends narrated respect history founding lived cave direction local deity established ruins originally built tiers lowest tier main compound middle tier known tier temple sixteen seventh student fully supported build temple temple sixteen residence stay visits came known upper residence reverence guru deep died performed rites got installed statue located guru near second excellent equation eighth jam power equation resulted monasteries built satellite monasteries lung located valley northeast downhill lies completely ruins large temple individual trance possessed god attempted renovated 1990s met opposition local people site associated controversial protector deity redevelopment prevented situated suburb dog northern mountains north east corner visited sixth month fourth day drug pilgrimage circuit fairly fully considered attractive hills surrounding monastery given divine paradise identified syllables divine history traced 9th century main cave known centuries monastery seen leading lights monastic order playing role building female saint lab legs pan royal family members like queen ring king supported activities significant face development occurred incarnation teacher 13th 14th cultural revolution saw total destruction approval local government reconstruction face begun substantially restored past glory historical belonging located northeast north mother fifth patronage upper temple complex built formal monastery destroyed cultural revolution 1980s took control complex rebuilding activity sporadic monastic rituals held college cultural revolution located close facing south yellow retreat house built interesting story house local site spirit visit narrow window house mural image seen wall credited special powers image speaks known speaking statue favourite spent substantial time composed great commentary taught known assigned teachings founder derived meaning new monastery today lies completely ruins belonged incarnation lineage established incarnation run thirteen fully ordained monks destruction foundations fragments walls remain including notable rock carvings large meaning peak located mountain directly kilometres north hours walk hill main complex older according tradition site contained meditation legs reputed end seventeenth early eighteenth century distinguished brought knowledge philosophical tradition attracted students included historically monastery substantial size following destruction chinese drastically reduced section rebuilt chapel monks quarters magnificent views city protector shrine small assembly hall remains believed contain large metal statue great statue statues sixteen speaking statue large images disciples statues incarnation lineage today hall inhabited monks use central worship residence inhabited exists consists rooms central waiting room meditation small protector deity chapel enclosure ruined kitchen smaller storage today situated east north east according legend visit area find site locating saw crow spoke interpreted revealed sign build consists caves entrance caves belongs estate yes agree carried restoration works live means place located kilometres hills north west south facing pilgrimage mountain circuit substantially destroyed cultural revolution rebuilt 1990s estate present incarnation recent return stated functioning autonomous institution minimum allegiance believed founded las regent death student fifth requested permission build sixteen monks foothills native invited fifth perform site investigation determine location build monastery treasure discovery self arisen stone image located lower temple initial fell ruin official founding monastery credited las nephew belonged built pillar temple rear chapel site later possession junior tutor living 14th stayed published teachings famous work liberation hands 1950s site began religious retirement community elderly constructed small live final years lives intensive buddhist practice began site 1980s founded modern seen today grown largest somewhat unusually houses owned individually administrative body site communal gathering located north ancient history traced 11th century dam buddhist visited location named place ordained shall monastery monks basis events occurred visit place fame recent years leading bold role played organizing silent demonstrations chinese rule seeking freedom protesting arrested incarcerated brutally handled released protracted detention historical located suburb dog northeast believed originally retreat buddhist scholar initially founded monastery seventeen monks later allotted exclusive use provide personal security residing remote remote higher valley east away present location hour walk monks shifted original home located east associated stated nearby caves 9th century founding credited nun interpreted functioned time generation went decline brought jurisdiction debates debates monks buddhist doctrines integral learning process colleges monastery complex better buddhist philosophy attain higher levels study debating tradition supplemented gestures said exclusive monastery monasteries visitors attend witness debates held set schedule day debating courtyard monastery procedures rules debate monks presence teachers set rules procedure defender tradition debates traced ancient hindu india practice buddhist eighth century debates usually place monastery defender prove point view subject proposed debate debate opens invocation recited loud high pitched tone roles defined present case buddhism related topics defender answer fixed time frame debate specific answers like accept reason established time questions meant defender defender reply time frame expression witnessed debating sessions role witness normally leads conflicting opinions participants listeners direct contradiction defenders outcome formally decided physical gestures debates punctuated vigorous gestures occasion gesture meaning presents case subtlety formal monk attire gestures said symbolic value debates generally subtle dramatic gestures question holding right hand stretching left hand forward striking left palm right palm hands loudly stress power defender arguments denoting self assurance case wrong answer presented defender opponent gestures circles hand defenders head followed loud screaming defender opponent mistake demonstrated wrapping upper waist loud intense verbal exchange common approach trap defender wrong line argument time new question asked teacher strikes left palm right palm question answered correctly acknowledged teacher bringing right hand left palm defender wins debate makes dig questioning basic wisdom buddhist schedule tradition conducting debates tradition set monasteries sect monastery pre modern similar monasteries established exile india location debates held debating schedules year depending rituals festivals observed year daily session held breaks students debate issues buddhist scriptures related subjects monastery debate alternated rituals daily schedule alterations suit climatic season morning debate noon debate afternoon debate night debate festivals monastery hosts impressive festival popularly known festival largely attended monks festival held time february calendar corresponding specific date fixed monastery according calendar festival day taken palace offers prayers strength briefly placed heads monks disciples president popular festival witnessed visitors locals festival held month august calendar festival represents symbolic worship essential notable alumni known west include wisdom island centre new_york professor emeritus madison eminent monk directed buddhist center switzerland founder student presently director author liberation palm hands highly revered lived late nineteenth early twentieth century spiritual guide 14th abbot university attendant subject documentary film gallery
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