april october canada editor publisher writer poet entertainer politician best remembered political cartoons grip satirical magazine published edited modelled british humour magazine punch published cartoons pen born toronto scottish irish immigrants grew graduating high school began career newspapers political cartoons american inspired direct drawing talents lack outlets work drove found grip pacific scandal gave ample material soon image prime minister achieved fame canada grip folded published books contributed cartoons canadian foreign newspapers toured giving chalk talks internationally deeply religious devoted promoting social reforms supported free trade prohibition alcohol tobacco women suffrage liberal beliefs opposed canadian ambitions run office liberal leader convinced running parliament served canadian government listed person national historic significance inducted life career early life grandparents john april ship carpenter née jackson march born scotland immigrated children canada unknown date known 1850s brought children including father john scotland politically active advocated social reforms single tax appointments held political office title captain suggests sailed ships port father married irish immigrant born county couple children sons daughter second born deeply protestant family april toronto elder run shop victoria street 1840s known moved toronto known family moved attended average student won prize year general proficiency received book titled avid talent caught notice teacher presented set christmas credited act setting path career artist residents later young drawing chalk portraits neighbours fences described reader particularly gazette weekly stressed christian values graduation tried hand number jobs including photographer assistant lawyer time getting job gazette gazette editor journalist later worked public relations chief contributed short local interest articles issued page daily capitalize interest franco prussian war commissioned provide serialized novel popular reception murderer ghost den encouraged devote journalism career serial went unfinished cancelled daily war died papers magazines came gazette offices particular introduced growing field divided time mechanical duties wages poetry good humanity kept eye cartoonist considered politically socially aware ideal moral crusade wrong particular relentless cartoons inspired young emulate field canadian politics admired cartoonist sent cartoon harper confronting hall political machine rendered style editor returned positive response moved toronto reporter politician newspaper globe liberal paper influential country family supported confederation connections probably played role getting position paper editorial presence canadian newspapers time brought practice stated consider possibility editorial time lack opportunities disappointed enrolled briefly found quit term grip legitimate forces humor caricature ought serve state highest interests comic journal aim readers moment falls short highest mission told following story took publishing caricature editor conservative nephew sam found amusing copy printer exposure frustrated lack opportunities cartoons published asked start weekly comic paper cartoons brother thomas remembered somewhat different story began distributing copies cartoons street printed cartoons liberal member survived short lived weekly punch canada provided regular outlet canadian political long conservative montreal based lasted longer found major humour magazine english canada raven character novel inspired magazine grip pages carried political social commentary satirical cartoons debut issue declared grip entirely independent subjects set editorial policy lead cartoonist grip initial financing came toronto publisher later year set office toronto street brothers formed company continued work globe grip established left newspaper later year editor appeared took editor july pseudonym lasted september issue printed pro alcohol article despite views took editing duties regular contributors included produced greatest grip poetry considered grip best wrote articles contrast humour rest magazine wrote scathing editorials contrasted position lent credibility magazine non writers got start grip grip early issues attracted little notice declared dull grip dies soon toronto cheerful grip punch spirit left events arising canadian federal election shortly gave sufficient popular material accusations involving prime minister business magnate inflated closely followed scandal young nation history features lent caricature gave chance circulation rose copies issue time brother thomas reported new issue awaited house_of_commons august cartoon entitled royal commission shall meet drew praise newspapers canada liberal speech house_of_commons despite liberal grip took proposed high trade governing liberal stance free trade issue contributed loss incumbent liberals conservatives election despite grip prediction win magazine supported party officially early years support liberals explicit elections party leader took printing duties ontario liberal government support resulted federal election wins grip considerable influence public perception politicians favour liberals conservatives drove conservative supporters launch rival publications begun featured cartoons painted light failed find audience match folded following year reported weekly circulation grip march music hall began giving comic chalk talk performances later toured country impressed audiences ability capture likeness members audience single continued chalk talks life travelled australia new_zealand britain published autobiography titled year death early canadian feminist writer regular contributions grip request wrote closet drama sweet girl graduate book grip sack drama tells woman man attend university time women barred canada post secondary education took management printing grip associate editor shared radical political outlook taste satire open new ideas quick attach new causes thompson anti anti capitalist anti managers grip passed cartoons stopped appearing august issue years later brother thomas blamed board directors grip inc falling general involved losses incurred relation government contract grip tone increasingly anti french anti catholic pro socialist increased use racial caricature alienated readers new readership fell grip ceased publication july grip inc sold assets printing machines repay debts revived grip new company called partner named bell newspaper publishing experience belleville grip tone content appeared rushed lasted january december died blamed publication ill fortunes loss target later life grip ceased publication worked quarter century cartoonist variety newspapers including morning chronicle england australia continued devote political causes supported liberals successful campaign federal election cartoons song composed titled ontario ontario belonged numerous political social clubs founding member governor general appointed associate professor served director member years board directors president took social activist group campaigned join ward major newspapers promoted ran photograph page won won counted future toronto mayor allies council promoted issues public ownership hydroelectric power found little support ideas successes included legislation restricting issuing liquor licenses found support election issue campaign march took leave absence tour australia new_zealand gave post returned world war broke devoted energies promoting patriotism war effort supported conscription cause popular english canada unpopular quebec ran counter position continued support party cartoons promote party leader federal election following chalk talk performance new_brunswick suffered attack attributed previous tour died october drawing board home mary street toronto working cartoon support anti smoking campaign memorial service november editor declared canadian great companions personal life average height grey eyes dark hair married twice marriage produced children married toronto june died remarried friend school days widow chicago june appears written style drew mainly political cartoons cartoons writing tend believed humour serve interests state merely tended writing satirical humour called read shakespeare particular devotion little exposure formal art education aside term cartoons derived mid-19th century style drawn crowded composition borrowed sources draw contrasting styles evidenced cartoons pseudonym typical political time aimed laughter social satire depended readers understanding densely packed allusions political figure came life beneath pen far better able capture style mannerisms effectively cartoons best remembered fixing renditions public imagination politician appeared eyed bottles alcohol hands symbol corruption contrast work prolific depicted prime minister light continued death wit inspiration cartoons continue draw attention chalk talks left mark public memory audience members passed renditions delivered humorous anecdotes impressions audience members known locals flamboyant manner adding identifying details end politics premier named wishing office stay allen great railway charter dated ruin day reputation supporter pro democratic platform family supporters confederation father supported brother thomas sister mary worked provincial government members family play roles twentieth century brother thomas ties close ask close ambitions run parliament liberal leader convinced turned request senate appointment reward lifetime liberal support grip political stance large portion income came liberal publications conservatives favourite targets cartoon attacks notably pacific scandal association liberals strong parliament grip change popular nickname members best remembered cartoons aimed conservatives criticisms targeted liberals subscription cancelled victim particular cartoon launched provided rivalry provided fuel satire globe allowed distance degree criticism liberal proponent issues proportional representation prohibition alcohol tobacco single tax espoused worldwide free trade held progressive views women suffrage supported efforts bill proposed liberal granted suffrage canadian women expressed anti ideals supported supported canada involvement second boer war world war contributed ongoing debates concerning development canadian identity nation early years showed marked ethnic nationalism promoted english nation sole official language separation church state view directed particularly catholic french speaking depicted backward quebec politicians demanding money declared looked forward double official language dual schools away country real national life date day liberal views race relations painted picture canada open integration according views race likely widely shared canada time plight canada native peoples condemned called execution rebel leader celebrated victory battle poem racial according lead modern reader racist facial features behaviour ways typical cartoons era employ terms blacks jews called restrictions chinese irish immigration work shows bias immigrants conform protestant ideals intended cartoons moral instruction expressed deep devotion religion presbyterian upbringing adult promoted christian ideals solutions social issues example opposed running sundays proclaimed protestant work ethic widely expressed canadian artists intellectuals late 19th century writing frequently statements role man god world insisted politics conform god editor declared artist right moral question legacy succeeded establishing editorial force journalism late 19th century church minister queen college principal called honest interpreter current events canada happens declared merry heart good like medicine english newspaper editor considered world outlets political cartoons limited illustrated magazines found home daily newspapers 20th century busy style began fall favour 1890s contrast cleaner style practised left impression public consciousness canada generations follow continue illustrate canadian texts examples prominent include biography toronto destiny canada historians use cartoons demonstrate issues attitudes era artistic qualities removed satirical contexts historian considered grip interesting sources social history ontario nineteenth century artistic legacy rests chiefly corrupt engraved public mind particularly days newspapers published photographs politicians power light alcoholism met prime minister person cartoons continued thrive life career writer drawn far attention biographer considered poetry historian commended approach growth social criticism late victorian canada self characterizes sketches young country depth analysis grip politics town incorporated march named cartoonist canadian government listed person national historic significance dedicated plaque charles street east toronto inducted hamilton ontario holds papers published works rogers decline fall popular readings original select moore grip sack light literature fun fancy grip comic moore caricature history canadian politics volumes verse grave gay date funk prohibition mill keys true political economy book chalk talks copies remain comic opera hamlet father deceased wife sister comic opera score publisher registered copyright opera earlier version hamlet prince dry goods possibly unpublished script exists written score appears rejected
John Wilson Bengough