scotland died november king scots death son king says mother woman refers destroyer irish annals recorded death high king scotland way high king ireland king ireland kings geographical boundaries modern scotland fellow kings included king ruled south west kings western coast nearest dangerous rivals kings south predecessors kings ruled southern scotland controlled large parts southeast early years born scotland grandson scotland killer constantine credited kenneth son known relevant kenneth alive time king kenneth having died considered error succeeded constantine possibly son killed constantine doubt killed constantine successor battle john writes defeated norwegian army days coronation reported says later moved founded thanks victory children demonstrated rare ability survive early scottish kings reigning years clever ambitious man tradition provided successor selected descendants consent ministers church ostensibly attempt end devastating feuds north scotland obviously influenced norman feudal model ignored tradition determined retain succession line son undertook negotiate series marriages daughters men rivals securing loyalty principal chiefs relatives married daughter isles head house secular abbot youngest daughter earl middle daughter married earl ross descendant risky business rules succession secured rear taking advantage renewal viking attacks england marched south fight english defeated angles installed grandson duncan son abbot choice king year reliable report reign invasion customary literally royal prey raid new king demonstrate prowess war involved siege durham appears resulted heavy defeat led later earl reported annals second war probably successful river victory scots led men led king time dead appointed brother law great authority limited south kingdom took action scots far known work siege durham associated durham claims brother surrendered presumably aftermath defeat likely lands parts scots control time suggested received tribute scots likely received probable reports led army scotland return pilgrimage rome chronicle dates reasons suppose dated chronicler recounts expedition soon describing powerful resources arms christian faith deed claims peace intervention richard duke normandy brother wife emma richard died wrote close time events suggested root quarrel lies pilgrimage rome coronation holy roman emperor king place honour present repeated mentions annals possible pilgrimage rome later times coronation allowed publicly claims obtained previous english kings promise peace friendship promise aid land sea obtained sources accompanied kings certainly king isles remarks submission adhered little soon occupied norway appears involvement scotland daughter married earl son said years old killed april says raised court given grandfather says ally king scots counted support resist norwegian king chronology life problematic share child exact chronology death client king scots control relationships unlikely lasted death exercised control far generally accepted annals record number events pointing struggle power north father mac killed sons brother took control death reported despite accounts irish annals english scandinavian writers appear mac rightful king clear descriptions meeting death followed king earl brother husband granddaughter king kenneth iii supposed responsible killing mac cause feud killing father reason dead ancestors killed son rivals throne living sons threat plans succession obvious result following year brother nephew eventually king killed succession traditionally supposed king owen bald died battle kingdom passed hands scots rests weak evidence far certain owen died reasonably certain kings late sent install son king confusion old probably inspired william embellished john firm evidence kingdom kingdom scots loosely subjected kingdom time scotland great grandson sons dead evidence son sons chronicle said stood godfather son grandson unlikely accepted king scots chose sons daughter married lay abbot coincidence irish annals reported burning mention circumstances chosen heir certainly known scotland duncan possible daughter married mac mac grandson rests relatively weak evidence death died giving date november king lists died variously describing glorious victorious king annals report mac king scotland honour west europe died prophecy inspiration john accounts killed fighting says died violence fighting suggested sons notable feature death account matched silence irish annals tells duncan king ruled years months given death described immature age annals young man absence opposition suggests dealt thoroughly likely opposition lifetime tradition dating time earlier knew stone called king grave stone stone class stone apparently formed bronze age standing stone dating uncertain dates 8th century onwards having proposed earlier date favoured association accounts proposed basis carvings question pilgrimage rome long distance journeys far unusual mac mentioned known gone mediterranean 12th century nearer time died pilgrimage rome king great deal known activities wars killings book deer records gave king monastery old deer probably founder john peculiar tale tell related supposed laws saying gave away scotland unlikely basis fact
Malcolm II of Scotland