august january polish politician statesman founder chief right wing polish political movement saw aggressive polish territories controlled major threat polish culture advocated degree accommodation power poland russian_empire favored establishment polish independence means supported policies favorable polish middle class world war paris prominent spokesman allies polish aspirations principal figure instrumental postwar restoration poland independent existence official political power brief period minister foreign affairs influential polish politicians time controversial personality life believed polish speaking roman catholic good pole thinking minorities vocally anti semitic attempted emulate italian remains prototype polish right wing nationalism called father polish nationalism life chief opponent polish military political leader vision poland multinational federation early life born august warsaw congress poland land russian_empire father road construction worker later entrepreneur attended schools warsaw studying biology graduated student active active opposing socialist activists organized student street demonstration 100th anniversary polish constitution imprisoned russian authorities months developing writer publicist publishing political literary critique close friends mentor april founded leader november year sentenced exile went soon afterward early austria-hungary modern ukraine known poles began publish new magazine polish review founded serve political party lobby group underground organization unite poles espoused views disciplined committed political group founded group resided france britain travelled brazil took residence austrian partition poland published book thoughts modern pole nationalist manifesto european history opposed revolutionary means fighting preferring political struggle aimed independence increased autonomy outbreak russo japanese war met colonel japanese military sweden spy master japanese intelligence activities march reluctant collaborate japanese agreed proposal polish soldiers encouraged defect travelled tokyo work details time successful effort prevent japanese aiding rival polish political activist wanted assistance planned insurrection poland felt doomed failure moved warsaw russian partition poland continued play growing role faction russian revolution favoured operation imperial russian authorities welcomed october manifesto stepping stone road renewed polish autonomy revolt june acting orders opposed uprising led course june days uprising known miniature civil war result elections legislative assembly late russian empire national democrats won seats allotted poland elected deputy second beginning february president polish caucus seen conservative despite polish caucus leader influence russian polish deputies time receptive russian particularly warming idea poland russia common future particularly germany common enemy light regarded russian cultural felt strong russia acceptable strong germany view russian policy succeed poles germans far successful policies explained views book germany russia published universally popular attitude resigned deputy mandate focus internal political struggle lost election fourth socialist politician left won support jewish vote viewed personal insult exchange organized successful boycott jewish businesses poland world war praised grand duke nicholas manifesto polish nation august assured polish subjects greater autonomy congress poland war austrian provinces east province prussia annexed austria-hungary defeated subsequent attempts russians commitments lines grand duke nicholas manifesto met elusive answers nonetheless pro russian anti german propaganda succeeded frustrating plans causing anti russian uprising bolstered position important polish political figure international scene especially triple november active members increasingly convinced russia impending defeat decided support cause polish independence abroad campaign behalf poland capitals western allies lobbying efforts friends included opinion makers british journalist particular successful france favorable impression public opinion gave series lecture cambridge_university impressed local faculty given honorary doctorate august paris created new aimed rebuilding polish state year published expense soon distributed numerous english speaking diplomats vocal critic campaigned creation number slavic states including hungarians place polish political community opposed supported germany austria-hungary including supporters vague german proposal borders germany promised create world war secret actually planning strip square kilometers german colonization removal polish population laid plan borders created polish state include upper south strip september year recognized french legitimate government poland british americans enthusiastic likewise recognized poland government year later americans refused provide backing regarded excessive territorial claims line american president reported saw washington asked define poland understood presented map claimed large earth wilson objections stemmed dislike personally british diplomat stated clever man clever men logical political theories hate logic persistent calculated drive everybody mad area objection remarks speech delivered dinner organized writer began words religion came jesus christ murdered jews british prime minister criticized committee saw result representation jewish interests refused admit single polish jew despite support proposal number american british jewish organizations campaigned war governments recognizing leading critic historian sir jew served resident expert poland war claimed personally offended remarks fought hard british recognition gang turn experiences time convinced existence international conspiracy poland hostile party world war end world war governments claimed legitimate governments poland paris warsaw end rival claims composer jan met men persuaded reluctantly join forces men needed possession poland war pole fought austrians central powers russians allies newly formed polish needed arms allies better suited persuade allies deliver french planning send general loyal poland fear aside differences civil war break partisans successful working compromise represent poland paris peace conference serve provisional president poland supporters accepted compromise january partisans led attempted failed coup polish delegate paris peace conference versailles treaty exerted substantial influence treaty favorable decisions poland january met time hour presentation delivered english french described brilliant meeting stated little interest laying claim areas ukraine lithuania poland longer polish majority time strongly pressed return polish territories polish speaking taken prussia poland admitted purely historical point view polish claims entirely strong claimed poland economic grounds especially coal fields claimed german statistics lied number ethnic poles living eastern germany poles educated highly nation strong sense men progressive ideas addition strong backing french wanted send poland danzig germany modern poland intention french create territorial proposal created opposition germans british americans finally sent poland april land opposed annoying allies suggested care danzig issue regard lithuania didn view having strong national identity viewed social organization tribal areas lithuania polish minorities claimed grounds self determination areas polish minorities poles act influence northern lithuania solid lithuanian majority willing initial plans lithuania involved giving autonomy polish state caused disputes lithuanian delegation paris regard austrian province claimed local incapable ruling required influence polish leadership addition wished acquire oil fields support lackluster regions opposed proposal alliance federation allied powers french supported polish claims end actual fighting ground decisions diplomats paris decided region poland french aspirations region instead supported claims czechoslovakia long time praised model national restoration face despite dispute czech political leaders opinion czech people remained positive forever political opponent favored called national state state citizens speak polish faith vision poland based historical state existed dynasty hoped recreate multinational federation federation vision earlier polish kingdom ruled dynasty believed wide definition polish citizenship peoples different languages cultures united common loyalty polish state regarded views dangerous nonsense felt presence large number ethnic minorities undermine security polish state paris peace conference argued minority rights treaty forced poland allies disappointed treaty versailles partly strongly opposed minority rights treaty imposed poland partly wanted german polish border somewhat farther west versailles allowed blamed claimed international jewish conspiracy life maintained british prime minister syndicate german jewish poland considered unfavorable frontier germany relations poor found arrogant consistent advocate ruling polish claims west east offended ignorance polish affairs particular enraged lack knowledge river traffic called agent jews turn claimed poland deserved fate later life deputy legislative attended single session seeing chaotic exert influence spent year paris lung infection algeria reorganized new party polish soviet war member vocal critic policies aftermath war polish eastern borders similar somewhat smaller known line time came write polish constitution early 1920s national democrats insisted weak presidency strong legislative branch convinced president saw weak executive mandate best way rival constitution outline government weak executive branch friend elected president seen having elected support parties representing national minorities notable backing polish jewish politician election national democrats started major campaign jewish president elected foreigners subsequently national democratic supporter painter assassinated minister foreign affairs october december government year received government aftermath coup état founded find leader displaced new younger politicians founded kept publishing newspaper articles books declining health retired politics section youth wing found taste broke away found radical known polish acronym major campaign series political attacks alleged associates president death previously leaning ancestor worship returned catholic_church weakening health moved village near died january buried cemetery warsaw family grave funeral widely attended attendees legacy government official representative attending political outlook theorist nationalism early student years opposed socialism suspicious desired polish independence strong polish state saw socialism policies international idea national years influential european nationalist scientist background preferred logic reason emotion passion told famous pianist music mere noise felt strongly poles abandon considered romantic nationalism useless gestures defiance instead work hard businessmen scientists influenced theories popular western world saw life struggle strong nations dominated weak nations dominated book thoughts modern pole denounced forms polish romantic nationalism traditional polish values sharply criticized idea poland spiritual concept cultural idea instead argued poland merely physical entity needed brought existence pragmatic negotiating considered pointless revolts doomed failure began powers poles needed healthy national guided regarded unrealistic political principles christianity book blamed fall old commonwealth tradition tolerance critical christianity viewed christianity beneficial certain nations necessarily poland later revised earlier view renounced criticism catholicism seeing essential polish identity saw minorities weakening agents nation needed years history poland contested terrain different ideological forces pulled polish nationalists opposite directions represented career deeply disliked stood came impoverished urban background little fondness poland traditional social structure instead favored program felt poles stop looking old polish lithuanian commonwealth held deep contempt instead embrace modern world particular despised old commonwealth multi national structure religious tolerance saw ethnic minorities poland direct threat cultural identity integrity ethnic poland directly competition polish identified argued good citizens allegiance nation middle ground ideal poland ethnic minorities forced success ideas adopted propagated nationalists countries lithuania ukraine contributed disappearance tolerant polish lithuanian identity admired italian summer wrote series article italian fascist model helped organize broad modeled italian known anti jewish rhetoric violence later nonetheless tried ensure imitate italian german models anti anti communicated belief international jewish conspiracy aimed poland essay jews war written world war claimed disguise jewish ambition rule world asserted jewish state established palestine serve nucleus jewish world essay accused jews poland dangerous enemy working hand hand germans poland believed polish jews far numerous absorbed polish catholic culture advocated emigration entire jewish population poland solution regarded poland jewish problem time came argue increasing harsh measures jewish minority explicitly suggested killing jews opposed physical violence arguing jewish businesses instead later supplemented separation cultural area anti central element radical nationalist outlook crusade jewish cultural values gained mounting intensity 1930s major violent attacks jews poland german nazis occupied poland mission poland principal problems polish speaking catholics middle class ethnic germans jews remedy perceived problem envisioned policy wealth jews ethnic germans polish catholics able program passed law national democrats frequently organize buy polish boycott campaigns german jewish shops occurred attempted organize total boycott jewish businesses warsaw punishment defeat candidates elections blamed warsaw jewish population life associated jews germans poland principal enemies origins identification stemmed deep anger policies carried german government polish minority imperial period fact jews living disputed german polish territories chosen german culture polish culture opinion jewish community attracted cause polish independence likely ally potential enemies polish state benefit status vocal opponent free masonry feminism recognition life work subject numerous academic articles books noted main sources suppressed era communist poland fall communism poland legacy begun widely recognized bridge named november statue unveiled warsaw led series protests organizations fascist opponent tolerance similar protests plans raise statues memorials commonly delayed achievement independence poland expansion polish national consciousness honoured january polish special legislation document honours founding polish school political realism responsibility shaping polish especially western borders emphasizing firm connection catholicism survival nation rebuilding state awarded state awards order star romania order nassau received doctorate cambridge_university refused awards selected works thoughts modern pole germany russia french translation published title question jews sources decline conservative thought poland polish politics rebuilding state government world war poland coup polish isbn tom isbn roman isbn polish
Roman Dmowski