national war memorial south australia national war memorial monument city centre commemorating served world war opened memorial located corner avenue edge central business district adjacent grounds memorial services held site year major services day april remembrance day november proposed memorial funded making australian state war memorial confirmed war design memorial selected architectural competitions competition produced designs lost judging completed fire destroyed building housed second competition produced entries design architectural firm woods smith selected winner design effectively frame scenes depicted marble bronze statues shows prelude epilogue war depicting willingness youth answer duty extent sacrifices work displaying material victory instead victory spirit insistence president bronze cast line walls inner shrine listed names south australians died great war history south australians served world war number amounted south australian population time men ages served south australians died response deaths premier south_australia asked state parliament fund memorial commemorating victory sacrifice fought fallen motion presented march received unanimous support passing motion australia elect build memorial soldiers world war decided parliament new memorial referred national war memorial purely south australian monument spite term describe memorial south african war perspectives offered term national employed observed chosen emphasise government intention memorial commemorate served war came south_australia second argued reflected perception held spite federation province nation competition national war memorial committee formed order bring proposal fruition february committee announced architectural competition find design new memorial conditions entry stated new memorial serve purpose commemorating victory achieved great war supreme personal sacrifice participated war national effort involved activities entry open south australians british subjects intending submit designs required file statement intent prior february competition closed september guinea entry fee nominated judge entries local architect representing sir committee specified budget previously figures discussed conditions entry stated memorial situated entrance corner king placing existing memorial location counter previous suggestions survey architects proposed memorial built plans memorial involved rear committee left open form memorial stating memorial character debate form led emergence number suggestions covered media day included dame proposal build bells suggestion turn highway way honour adding arches end plan build meter high metal marble monument electric car carry people summit end total architectural firms registered intent submit entries competition lower number expected richardson suggests work proposals new adelaide railway station total firms submitted designs deadline november judging completed street destroyed fire taking proposals judging completed fire suggestions time committee use learned propose new competition greater clarity requirements led letter premier reveals little learned competition found designs suitable competition little progress memorial debate occurred respect form memorial focus discussions concerned location memorial centered future role governor number left wing politicians argued grounds turned state build memorial conservatives desired retain status quo national war memorial committee prepared accept government house grounds site memorial delayed making announcement proved legal issues prevented plan going ahead instead portion grounds located corner avenue aside purpose plan governor use grounds larger war memorial revisited years later pressure returned soldiers second competition announced budget set competition south australian british subjects entries judged anonymously time chief architect previous competition given submission new design designs government entries restricted south australians designs received figure fewer received states competitions open australians report acknowledged quality proposals probably exceeded competition open examining submissions january design architectural firm woods smith selected winner woods entered competition arch designed away europe responsible drawing submitting final design clear highlight role played architectural conception monument firm awarded cost memorial refused cover expenses asking instead approximately placed trust fund pay work seen act richardson noted member sat sub committee drafted rules competition considered improper accept money announced public design universally hailed masterpiece writing report result judging stated winning architect depends entirely sculptor tell story memorial employing design architecture required successfully frame set subjects provide accommodation extent asked conditions view echoed described architecture essentially frame approach felt unusual architect result sculpture contestants expressed concerns arguing contest architectural works ones conditions competition specifically allowed sculpture proposals construction construction memorial began cut placement marble blocks chosen work construction principal sculptor named winning proposal mention possible candidate later proved sydney based sculptor born england produced designs sculptures sydney studio bronze plaster models produced south australian firm expressed reservations south australian company capable handling required size test casting lion head memorial sufficient overcome concerns angel sculpted marble produced designs expressed sized plaster models scaled suit significant delays occurred construction strike demanding hour week paid outside rates rates pay based work constructed site open air inside cover paying lower inside rates work conducted site basis hour week inside rates paying extra caused significant financial problems eventually won dispute went courts strike caused considerable financial damage company went stayed state memorial completed dedicated memorial estimated bulk expense masonry work landscaping requiring respectively final cost construction pushed approximately opening national war memorial south australia fourth state world war memorial opened unveiled notes keeping size constituency arguing larger constituency collective tributes represent later built unveiled crowd day april 16th anniversary gallipoli landing governor sir crowd huge crowd remember assembling city unable fit memorial thousands assembled await later ceremony introduced acting state premier involvement unveiling according unusual labor politician commemorative activities dawn service conducted memorial held day attended people restoration work memorial anniversary year month project undertaken restoring bronze stonework details reinforcing foundations work completed days remembrance day services architects responsible restoration awarded heritage merit award work memorial design rules competition limited space memorial half acre land grounds design submitted woods smith easily met requirement memorial designed fit major axis length minor axis standing height structure carefully placed provide space public gatherings ceremonial nature allow proposed widening street monument sides referred architects reverse work likened sides coin aspects represent prologue epilogue war features relief carved marble framed rough arch carved marble granite steps leading monument constructed granite specified original proposal architects preferred local granite acknowledged granite best available government agree reopen quarry materials chosen order provide continuity located short distance away represent prologue war monument facing features relief spirit duty appearing vision youth south_australia represented work group consisting girl student farmer abandoning symbols craft depicted normal dress soldiers currently unprepared war come facing away world look vision original plan submitted competition single nude figure kneeling vision posed europe submission scope addition original designs spirit duty depicted female figure direction figure changed male style changed radically new art style australia time presented group original style providing bridge renaissance style architecture reverse monument facing away traffic relief carved marble representing epilogue war depicting spirit compassion winged spirit bearing aloft stricken youth beneath figure situated flow water representing constant flow memories lion head emerges bears representative designers acknowledged symbolism especially reverse represent victory traditional sense stated arch triumph built honour napoleon longer expresses feelings modern democracy international struggle instead memorial represented spiritual victory displayed willingness serve sacrifice memorial architects added inner shrine recorded names south australians fell war design specify exact form completed memorial names inscribed line walls design allowed inner shrine designers suggested symbolic representation unknown soldier marker actual grave aspect realised monument designed honour war dead served war face inscribed died war dedicated served inscribed words courage loyalty sacrifice served great war reverse states honour fell live entrances inner shrine inscribed names major theaters australians served great war originally suggested egypt gallipoli palestine france final work belgium added list central square mile designed points compass monument sits degree angle architects provided reasons observed monuments suffer lighting face south second placing monument face north west direction allows line addition arguments richardson notes diagonal positioning memorial permits dawn sun fall facade adjacent memorials national war memorial initially proposed memorial served great war site grown incorporate number smaller memorials include memorial french memorial commemorates fought died france second world wars honour roll died world war australian armed forces memorial encompassing emergency korean war indonesia malaysia confrontation borneo vietnam war addition wall surrounds northern western sides site features crosses memory series simple wooden crosses commemorating siege 10th 27th 48th 50th battalions
National War Memorial (South Australia)