pennsylvania historically known tributary pennsylvania united_states approximately miles long watershed creek area square miles km2 named direct tributaries including little creek creek low level water quality length reach considered impaired habitat modification flow stemming urban runoff storm creek slightly flows narrow valley upper reaches tidal flat lower reaches creek provinces major rock formations watershed include small dams historically existed creek removed watershed creek largely developed roughly half million people inhabiting watershed parts watershed drainage basin historically people inhabited area vicinity 17th century dutch swedish arrived area followed years later english numerous mills types eventually build creek railroads traversed watershed modern times grants organizations awarded improve creek watershed operates watershed creek length designated fishery migratory fishery trout stocked fishery migratory fishery species fish including trout inhabit areas vicinity creek listed include mouth creek wetlands reach creek canoe course creek begins small valley near route flows south southeast mile entering turning east northeast tenths mile creek turns southeast miles passing entering receives named tributaries right left respectively creek turns south southeast tenths mile turning southeast miles reach receives tributary left tributary camp run right creek eventually turns east briefly receiving tributary left turning south southeast miles border township township reach creek flows alongside interstate crosses continues downstream alongside highway crosses pennsylvania route receives tributary left near gardens turns southeast begins flow border crossing route receiving tributaries left right respectively downstream creek valley narrower makes passes flowing border creek flows south southeast miles leaving valley passing crosses route receives tributary left creek turns south enters miles upstream mouth point passes largest freshwater marsh pennsylvania entirely tidal turns west southwest miles passing philadelphia receives tributary creek right creek winds large deep places 1960s creek receives named tributary right turns south tenths mile reaching confluence joins miles mouth tributaries tributaries include little numerous creek joins miles upstream mouth watershed area square miles km2 joins creek miles upstream mouth watershed area square miles km2 joins miles upstream mouth watershed area square miles km2 little joins miles upstream mouth watershed area square miles km2 length low level water quality reaches watershed especially upper reaches streams watershed medium low medium high level water quality site known lower creek site impacts creek water quality creek considered impaired lower miles causes habitat modification flow stemming urban runoff storm measures discharge 2000s cubic feet second specific creek ranged micro centimeter slightly ranging concentration water creek ranged concentration dissolved oxygen measured range carbon dioxide concentration ranged nitrogen concentration range concentration organic nitrogen ranged concentration organic carbon ranged concentration filtered water equal measurements concentration half measurements concentration filtered water ranged concentration water ranged concentration ranged filtered water concentration calcium ranged concentration ranged potassium concentration ranged concentration ranges iron concentration ranges concentration ranges estimated concentration concentration ranges concentration ranges concentration twice measured geography geology climate elevation near mouth feet sea level elevation creek source feet sea level gradient creek miles feet mile miles gradient creek feet mile miles gradient feet mile valley considerably narrower upper reaches widens approaches numerous reaches creek armored upstream tributary stream channel creek flows narrow valley bordered low steep hills downstream mouth creek tidal flat northern section province southern section atlantic province section generally old hard rocks eroded rocks northern portion watershed date rocks southern portion watershed newer dating atlantic coastal plain rock generally softer rock deposited area million years ago glacial erosion formations found watershed prevalent formation watershed derived derived composed formations common northern parts watershed formation present deposits rock rest dense bedrock slate present manufactured form creek stones 1860s tends fast stream places creek radically intermittent storm drain upper reaches tidal estuary lower reaches passes substantial tidal wetlands pennsylvania small dams going downstream heights feet feet feet removed late contributing flooding area blocking fish passage measurements 2000s water temperature ranged air temperature area ranged barometric pressures range average annual rate precipitation watershed inches soil soil associations exist watershed soil association prevalent northwest watershed consists drained deep soil rests bedrock soil association prevalent watershed lower reaches consists shallow deep soil rests brown bedrock urban land soil association prevalent southern watershed consists sandy deep soil rests coastal sediments roughly land watershed classified having slightly soil watershed watershed area square miles km2 total square miles km2 square miles km2 square miles km2 square miles km2 philadelphia watershed referred watershed largest tributary drains total area square miles km2 approximately watershed watershed drainage basin neighboring major west east creek serves county line reach miles creek mouth united_states geological survey source valley forge creek passes municipalities watershed large watershed developed land suburbs philadelphia majority land use considered residential undeveloped open space remaining land considered industrial commercial institutional classified paved estimates population watershed range general topography watershed consists rolling land densely settled large undeveloped tract land owned located mouth creek developed nature watershed caused prone storm rains substantial amounts source pollution flows creek storm events additionally older development watershed built current environmental regulations enacted philadelphia_inquirer article stated creek country flood prone streams significant drain national lesson wrong developed site known lower creek area site located vicinity creek site consists major roads watershed include interstate interstate history creek entered august according variant names include tribe native american tribe inhabit area vicinity hunted creek transportation canoe time area forested burned forest order farm security purposes europeans come area vicinity dutch establish permanent settlements swedish colonists led established near confluence settlement established served seat government north_america years built creek marsh areas dutch settlers conquered swedish villages dutch surrendered drainage basin english began settling area issued charter creek near site headquarters erected english settlers attracted watershed proximity trading routes productive landscape british soldiers breached constructed creek pennsylvania legislature passed act mandated maintenance plants times year early english colonists utilized creek source water power lumber textile mills established banks creek mills demolished structures currently use housing end 19th century industrial advances engine driven machinery mills obsolete advent railroads late 19th century led development watershed stops pennsylvania railroad increased population greatly concern health creek led residents raise funds preserve stretch creek early 1900s major industries watershed included agriculture modern times agriculture small areas watershed upper reaches time period railroads philadelphia baltimore baltimore crossed watershed station established creek nature plan recreational lands published proposed regional plan place interior network parks streams chosen fact flowed densely populated areas serve urban areas 1930s number projects undertaken southern end creek repaired joint force pennsylvania legislature series ditches constructed corps means control material deposited marsh years world war residential development continued expand watershed automobile replaced railroads dominant form transportation allowed workers live farther places employment result population doubled established donated creek local resident started campaign preserve marsh studies published following year demonstrated ecological importance marsh operated creek 1950s 1970s closing mid 1970s west bank creek east bank supposedly accepted municipal waste demolition waste medical waste number businesses operated site closing september struck pennsylvania received seven inches rainfall causing massive flooding homes deemed purchased borough demolished open space converted honor botanist native expanded homes ravaged hurricane demolished number studies carried creek watershed include master plan plan pennsylvania growing grant given restoration growing grant given project creek additionally grant given improvement creek creeks grant given developing conservation plan grant provided organization purpose preserve improve creek watershed approximately members biology main stem designed fishery migratory fishery source bridge point downstream mouth non tidal portions creek main stem trout stocked fishery migratory fishery numerous fish species observed creek survey catch unit effort hour rate bass slightly rate rock bass catch unit effort hour rate highest streams tested survey stocked rainbow trout brown trout captured creek high numbers american observed creek fish species striped bass white perch found head tide creek brown trout naturally reproduce creek creek wetlands creek mouth listed notable significance site exceptional significance site vicinity creek exceptional significance site creek mouth remnant tidal flat mouth inhabited species concern tidal estuary creek supports plant animal species critical migratory habitat designated creek wetlands contain old fields wet meadows inhabited species concern population white tailed deer watershed large according plant species concern creek mouth include seen species seen recently confluence main trees species include silver maple black willow red maple wetlands site main tree species include scattered black willow silver maple patches silky wild rose surrounded wetland plants including herbs grasses rushes numerous exotic plants inhabit site watershed nearby creeks house communities creek mainly consist communities communities described creek 2000s dry weight creek grams square meter recreation total miles canoe difficulty rating creek ranges book describes scenery poor fair upper reach poor good lower reach single day heavy rain river mile river mile time lower miles multi use trail proposed trail run road upper township pine street borough public parks line having large recreation areas athletic fields baseball soccer football containing woodlands nature trails total golf clubs bordering creek featuring largest undeveloped land watershed offers recreational activities hiking marina located lower end creek popular site stocked annually pennsylvania fish boat commission number local organizations progressively fewer trout year time
Darby Creek (Pennsylvania)