ottoman ironclad ottoman turkish god favor ironclad warship built 1860s member class built major expansion program ottoman fleet 1860s following war metric ton long ton short ton barbette ship armed main battery millimeter guns central battery ship extensively rebuilt germany new battery quick firing guns replaced older weapons served ottoman fleet decades period saw action major wars russo turkish war balkan war conflict torpedoed russian torpedo boat slightly damaged took abortive december balkan war operating bulgarian positions february ran aground bulgarian field artillery shelled ship damage inflicted coupled heavy seas destroyed ship design aftermath war entire ottoman squadron destroyed russian fleet ottoman_empire began small naval construction program limited primarily weak ottoman economy design based contemporary french warships like class ironclads significantly reduced size general characteristics meters long perpendiculars beam draft displaced metric tons long tons short tons normally ship iron hull partial double ram bow customary ironclads period crew officers enlisted men ship substantially rebuilt ends cut single military mast installed amidships new conning tower built ship powered single horizontal compound steam engine drove screw propeller steam provided box boilers single funnel amidships engines boilers manufactured builder shipyard engines rated indicated horsepower speed knots mph poor maintenance career reduced speed knots mph steam engine supplemented barque sailing rig reconstruction sailing rig removed old boilers replaced newer boilers received new engine performance unknown armament armor armed main battery millimeter muzzle loading guns manufactured guns mounted armored battery amidships broadside placed directly open barbettes barbette guns replaced breech loading guns built krupp smaller krupp guns installed included pair guns pair guns guns added ship armament radically revised reconstruction old guns removed battery medium caliber quick firing guns manufactured krupp installed guns single shielded mounts placed forward forecastle abreast conning tower central battery guns replaced guns seventh gun mounted stern guns added built ship protected iron armored belt thick transverse bulkheads connected ends belt thick central battery thinner iron plating belt barbette guns protected iron reconstruction added armored deck new conning tower protected thick armor plating service history ordered government egypt laid years later french des shipyard ship launched completed sea trials meantime egypt transitioned state directly ruled ottoman government autonomous egypt august transferred ship commissioned russo turkish war ship saw action russo turkish war spent war black_sea squadron ottoman fleet commanded vastly superior ironclads russians possessed admiral class ships circular vessels proved useless service presence fleet force russians corps reserve coastal defense ottoman high command failed use naval superiority meaningful way particularly hinder russian advance balkans took fleet western black_sea able aggressive use support ottoman forces battling russians fleet bombarded assisted defense june began campaign ottoman ironclads torpedo boats equipped towed torpedoes night august russian torpedo boats attempted sink ship torpedoes moored gunfire ottoman ships troops shore russian attack difficult detonated torpedo boat protecting causing minor damage ironclad russians initially believed sunk ship able steam repaired attackers aided fire burning beach illuminated ottoman vessels harbor ottoman fleet continued support ottoman garrison held constant russian attacks end war end war ship laid constantinople ottoman capital modernization ship following turkish war highlighted seriously degraded state ottoman fleet government decided begin naval reconstruction program stage rebuild older armored warships including requests proposals sent foreign shipyards october shipyard genoa requested permission survey ship ironclad vessels accordingly sent genoa january arriving 28th briefly laid instead transferred shipyard kiel germany major reconstruction arriving transport docking kiel men transferred funds buy coal men stranded germany stripped halted work await ottoman payment men accumulated significant debt ottoman government effort return pay installments modernization program kaiser involved attempt press ottoman government settle debts incurred sailors instead ottomans demanded krupp owner shipyard advance prepared voyage constantinople ottomans time negotiating large armament contract leverage late krupp conceded risk lucrative contract debts kiel paid finally departed home work ship following years january ottoman began new round talks krupp demanding reduction cost modernization cover preparatory work initially carried let reconstruction return ottoman government order pair torpedo cruisers class armament contract negotiation krupp forced despite significant financial loss reconstruction deal represented april armament contract signed work began slowly work completed late reconstructed ship departed kiel november arrived constantinople january participated fleet maneuver conducted years italo turkish war assigned torpedo cruiser action conflict ottoman fleet spent war port rising tensions balkans balkan wars ottomans kept fleet port prepared inevitable conflict balkan war ship saw significant service balkan war start war suffering boiler trouble necessitated repairs lasted november sent support ottoman troops defending bulgarian troops took position provide gunfire support occupied town bombarded positions attack little effect ship moved joined rest fleet contact bulgarian forces period took ottoman surface action involving major warships russo turkish war december joined fleet consisting pre dreadnought battleships smaller warships ottoman fleet sortied dardanelles smaller craft remained mouth straits battleships sailed north coast greek flotilla included armored cruiser class ironclads sailing island altered course northeast block advance ottoman battleships ottoman ships opened fire greeks range minutes later crossed ottoman fleet placing ottomans unfavorable position fire sides heavy pressure greek fleet ottoman ships completed point turn reversed course headed safety straits turn poorly conducted ships fell formation blocking fields fire sides ceased firing ottoman fleet withdrew dardanelles approached straits took positions cover withdrawal damaged pre dreadnoughts ships reached port transferred casualties hospital ship hit engagement battle considered greek victory ottoman fleet remained blockaded january supported sortie fleet time patrolling dardanelles rest fleet raided protecting fleet flank encountered greek destroyers forced withdraw firing shots scored hits engagement ship lost operating black_sea bulgarian forces february ship ordered proceed support raid army following day raid launched town quickly forced withdraw heavy bulgarian resistance ordered shell town ran aground february salvage work began beginning removal equipment 12th armament coal removed ship freed heavy seas bulgarian artillery damaged wreck rendered total loss
Ottoman ironclad Âsâr-ı Tevfik