species fungus family native northwestern north_america described new science specific epithet refers association black referred western north american field guides molecular analysis established strictly european species occurs california nevada oregon fruit bodies grow tall pitted conical cap halfway stipe cap ridges dark brown black maturity pits yellowish brownish fungus edible highly valued species fungi commonly referred half free eastern north_america europe taxonomy new species described colleagues result aimed biology taxonomy distribution species united_states canada type locality oregon fungus referred half free western north american field guides molecular analysis established strictly european species previously referred phylogenetic species identified based dna sequence publication specific epithet refers association tree species description fruit bodies high conical cap tall wide widest point cap surface pits ridges formed intersection primary vertical ridges shorter secondary vertical ridges horizontal ridges cap attached skirt like manner stipe roughly halfway deep ridges smooth colored yellowish brown honey brown young age brown dark brown black young ridges wide flat sharp edges usually rounded sharp eroded age pits smooth vertically elongated initially whitish pale brown immature brownish yellowish grayish brown maturity fragile stipe measures tall thick roughly width length tapered hidden cap young longer matures developing shallow longitudinal furrows warm wet conditions stipe inflated especially near base white whitish brownish color texture occasionally nearly smooth commonly covered whitish brown likened stipe texture cow tongue fragile whitish tan flesh thick hollow cap forms chambers layers near base whitish brownish sterile inner surface cap covered deposit spores bright yellowish orange smooth elliptical typically measure spore bearing cells spored cylindrical hyaline translucent measure cylindrical tips rounded club shaped measure cells sterile ridges measuring tightly packed layer terminal hyphae club shaped somewhat rectangular flattened broadly rounded tip edible species highly valued fragile nature inferior flavor similar species distinct cap attachment habitat unlikely mistaken species somewhat similar appearance cap hangs free attachment stipe north american half free similar appearance reliably distinguished morphology distribution extends eastward widespread european species indistinguishable microscopic characteristics habitat distribution like species ecological mode known certainty suspected saprobic obtaining decaying organic matter mycorrhizal trees different stages life cycle fruit bodies grow singly scattered groups found oregon nevada northern california grows dried fruiting occurs spring tends occur shortly emergence mushrooms appearance found europe suspected introduced trees north_america
Morchella populiphila