class electric locomotives built norwegian state railways class modification swiss federal railways locomotive built class remains mainline electric locomotive predominantly services night trains line regional trains locomotives metres long weigh tonnes long tons short tons phase motors maximum power output kilowatts giving effort lbf maximum speed mph wheel arrangement brakes exterior designed units numbered history early 1990s need new electric passenger trains classes need replacement latest purchase proved unreliable wanted remove mainline service locomotives tested norway tested august october satisfied units stated possible increase train weight services long tons short tons half leased sufficient locomotives operation winter olympics deadline bids units reached bids received offered modification class offered variation german prototype offered models adaptation austrian class proposal branded cooperation workshop deliver overall design electrical components build mechanical components assembly occur final offer delivery merge modification swiss prior final negotiations union representatives train drivers stated preference expect dispute chose different model representatives stated tired experimenting norwegian solutions important aspect production possible place norway final negotiations september approved agreement purchase units contract signed september units cost approximately million norwegian considered ordering units support norwegian swedish system danish system allowed trains operate directly denmark bridge construction dual voltage system dropped process stated needed units compatibility provided future orders class units built outside oslo delivered september june units numbered entering service locomotives replaced oldest units retired reduced average locomotive age years time end delivery incidents equipment interfered locomotive electronics causing emergency brakes activate caused temporary halt unlocked brakes problem fixed moving mobile units taken use january later entered use regional trains oslo august stated power line handle particularly line problem caused mechanism locomotives motor turned wheels spin result power output parts railway network utilized specifications locomotives maximum power output capable continual power output gives maximum speed mph effort lbf locomotive fed power converted direct current converted phase electricity gate turn connected connected motors phase motors located frame equipped brakes auxiliary phase power supply powers pumps auxiliary equipment operated separate controller bit optical cables auxiliary controllers error system type class multiple units unit weighs long tons short tons body millimeters long wide tall center distance center wheel distance wheel diameter larger mechanical braking system unlike swiss versions rail brake design locomotive italian company machine room designed center aisle driver applied avoid air pressure dropping running tunnels equipped air conditioning modification swiss class originally built units swiss state railways given brand project create series new locomotives cars received units finnish state railways received units years railway corporation received units units designed haul heavy passenger trains existing curved railways high speeds designed universal locomotive suitable freight trains
NSB El 18