december july english novelist known primarily major novels interpret critique comment life british landed gentry end 18th century highly praised novel lifetime pride prejudice second published novel plots explore dependence women marriage pursuit favorable social standing economic security author major novels rarely print today published anonymously brought little fame brief reviews lifetime significant transition posthumous reputation author occurred years death nephew publication memoir introduced wider audience successful novel lifetime went editions time published novel despite largely overlooked reviewers successful lifetime major novels published publication emma achieved success published author wrote additional novels published posthumously began eventually titled death twentieth centuries writings inspired large number critical essays literary establishing british author international fame novels inspired films pride prejudice starring recent productions sense sensibility love friendship life career information famously scarce according biographer personal family letters remain estimate letters extant sister letters addressed burned greater censored destroy letters destroyed heirs admiral sir jane brother biographical material produced years death written relatives reflected family bias favour good quiet aunt jane scholars unearthed little information wrote period british leading british admired number british romantic poets including lord influence novels studied family parents george anglican rector wife shared gentry background george descended wool manufacturers risen lower ranks landed gentry member aristocratic family married april bath jane life george rector anglican parishes hampshire nearby village supplemented income farming teaching boys time boarded home immediate family large brothers james george edward frank sister hampshire january like jane marry closest friend life brothers felt closest henry banker bank failed anglican clergyman sister literary agent henry large circle friends acquaintances london included merchants publishers painters actors provided view social worlds normally visible small parish rural hampshire married cousin jane close friend george sent live local family young age according biographer mentally abnormal subject fits deaf mute charles frank served navy rising rank admiral edward adopted fourth cousin knight estate taking early life education born december baptised april months home mother placed woman living nearby raised eighteen months according family tradition jane sent oxford educated moved southampton later year girls ill jane nearly died educated home left boarding school early school curriculum probably included french spelling dancing music included drama december jane returned home afford send daughters school acquired remainder education reading books guided father brothers james henry apparently access father library family friend large varied collection father tolerant experiments writing provided sisters expensive paper materials writing drawing according biographer park life home lived open easy intellectual atmosphere ideas disagreed politically socially discussed returning school lived bounds immediate family environment private author education beginning austin seven years old continuing thirteen family close friends staged series plays including rivals details unknown joined activities spectator later participant plays comedies suggesting source comedic satirical gifts early began write poems stories plays family amusement later compiled fair copies early works bound known pieces written manuscript evidence exists continued work pieces late niece nephew anna additions late pieces love sic satirical novel mocked popular novels sensibility history england page manuscript accompanied history parodied popular historical writing particularly history england wrote henry 4th ascended throne england satisfaction year having prevailed cousin predecessor richard 2nd resign retire rest life happened murdered according scholar compares work 18th century novelist adulthood continued live family home engaged activities typical women age social standing practised assisted sister mother supervision servants attended relatives sent short pieces writing newborn particularly proud accomplishments attended church regularly frequently friends neighbours read novels aloud family evenings neighbours meant dancing impromptu home supper balls held regularly town hall assembly rooms according brother henry jane fond dancing excelled began abandoned short play later titled sir happy man comedy acts completed play parodied school textbook favourite contemporary novel history sir according park soon writing love decided write profit stories central effort began writing longer sophisticated works wrote considered ambitious sophisticated early novel unlike work biographer describes heroine sexual predator uses intelligence charm manipulate abuse lovers friends family told letters plotted play cynical tone outrageous restoration provided inspiration stands work study adult woman intelligence force character greater encounters early novels finishing began length novel later remembered novel read family surviving original manuscripts way know original draft survived novel published anonymously sense sensibility years old nephew neighbours visited december january completed university education moving london training introduced ball neighbourhood social gathering clear letters spent considerable time afraid tell irish friend behaved imagine shocking way dancing sitting family intervened sending away end january marriage impractical known money dependent great uncle ireland finance education establish legal career later visited hampshire carefully kept jane saw began work second novel impressions completed initial draft august later like novels read aloud family working established favourite time father attempt publish novels november george wrote london publisher asking consider publishing manuscript novel comprised length miss impressions author financial risk quickly returned letter marked declined return post known father efforts finishing impressions returned november heavily replacing format person narration producing close sense sensibility began writing novel working title susan later satire popular gothic novel finished year later early offered susan london publisher paid copyright promised early publication advertised book press retained unpublished manuscript bought copyright bath southampton december unexpectedly announced decision retire ministry leave family bath retirement travel good elder jane shocked hear moving home known indication state mind lack productivity lived bath revisions susan began abandoned new novel like productivity suggests reflects deep depression writer arguing wrote revised manuscripts life months father died december received known proposal marriage sister visited old friends lived park near younger brother recently finished education oxford home proposed accepted described jane niece descendant harris large plain looking man spoke little aggressive conversation completely known young marriage offered practical advantages family heir extensive family estates area sisters grown resources provide parents comfortable old age permanent home assist brothers careers morning decided mistake withdrew acceptance contemporary letters diaries describe felt proposal wrote letter niece asked advice relationship having written question shall turn commit farther think accepting like preferred endured marrying affection living bath began unfinished novel story centres invalid clergyman little money unmarried daughters describes novel study harsh economic realities dependent women lives suggests agrees stopped working novel father died january personal circumstances resembled characters closely comfort father final illness struck suddenly leaving reported brother francis state died quickly jane mother left financial situation edward james henry pledged annual contributions support mother sisters years family living arrangements reflected financial lived time rented quarters bath leaving city june family visit spent autumn newly fashionable seaside resort sussex coast stanford cottage thought written fair copy added conclusion observations early helped inspire final unfinished novel story coming seaside resort sussex family moved southampton shared house new wife visited branches family april months family wrote angry letter offering new manuscript susan needed secure immediate publication novel requesting return original find publisher replied agreed publish book particular time manuscript paid find publisher money book eventually manuscript early brother edward offered mother sisters settled life use large cottage edward nearby estate jane mother moved cottage july life family bath neighbouring gentry entertaining family visited niece anna described family life quiet life according ideas great readers occupied working poor teaching girl boy read write wrote daily apparently relieved household responsibilities opportunity write setting productive publication published novels generally received brother henry agreed publish sense sensibility appeared october reviews favourable novel fashionable opinion makers edition sold earnings gave financial psychological independence published revision impressions january advertised book immediate success receiving favourable reviews selling october began selling second edition published novel ignored reviewers popular success copies sold months earnings novel larger author learned prince regent admired novels kept set residences november prince regent librarian invited visit prince london residence hinted forthcoming emma prince disliked prince refuse request later wrote plan novel according hints quarters satirical outline perfect novel based librarian suggestions future novel moved better known london publisher published emma december second edition february emma sold new edition poorly offset profit emma novels published lifetime murray prepared emma publication began new novel called later published completed draft july shortly publication emma copyright susan forced postpone publishing completed novels family financial trouble bank failed march assets leaving deeply debt costing edward james large sums henry frank longer afford support mother sisters illness death early began feel ignored illness continuing work participate usual round family activities decline family began long slow irregular deterioration ended death following year biographers rely tentative retrospective diagnosis list cause death disease final illness described consistent britain suggests probably died tuberculosis disease commonly associated drinking milk contributing factor death discovered described online winter issue disease form child disease chicken person subjected abnormal stress infection disease despite illness continued work dissatisfied ending rewrote final chapters finishing august january began new novel called brothers entitled published completed chapters stopping mid march probably illness light condition describing disease progressed experienced increasing difficulty walking activities mid april following month henry brought winchester medical treatment died july age clerical connections henry arranged sister buried north aisle nave composed brother james praises personal qualities including extraordinary mind expresses hope religious salvation mention achievements writer posthumous publication death henry arranged publication abbey set december henry contributed biographical note calls loving polished eulogy identifying sister time author novels sales good year copies remained end declined murray disposed remaining copies novels print years publisher purchased remaining novels beginning december january published illustrated volumes standard novels series october published collected edition works novels continuously print novels novels popular academics english literature work mid-20th century recognised importance development english novel agreed combined fielding richardson qualities irony realism satire form author superior main novels order publication sense sensibility pride prejudice emma posthumous abbey sense sensibility sense sensibility originally written novel years old entitled later changed form narrative title sense sensibility novel sense means good judgment sensibility means sensitivity emotion sense character sensibility changing novel title added philosophical depth began sketch characters title published novel political conflicts drew inspiration sense sensibility novels explored similar themes included autobiographical essay life love described unfortunate relationship gossip story features sisters rational romantic emotional west romantic sister heroine shares character similarities described recent edition west novel according biographer sense sensibility approach writing novel gradually uncertain sense sensibility prevail sweet attractive qualities intelligence musical talent capacity love deeply author acknowledges faults continues love degree appreciate reasons readers find ultimate marriage colonel unsatisfactory pride prejudice pride prejudice author second published novel featured memorable portrayal main character began writing novel staying park kent brother edward wife originally entitled impressions written october august november father sent letter london asking interested seeing manuscript offer declined return post significantly revised manuscript impressions original manuscript lost large number letters final novel impressions probably novel later renamed novel pride prejudice probably mind summarised final chapter pride prejudice phrase appears times block capitals title impressions changed avoid confusion works years completion impressions revision impressions published novel comedy sold novel copyright requesting costly decision published sense sensibility commission basis publisher losses receiving profits costs publisher commission knowing sense sensibility sell edition earning sold copyright sum profits according earned novel editions published edition hardcover volumes january advertised morning chronicle price shillings receiving favourable reviews edition sold second edition published november published novel controversial major works regency critics praised morality modern readers find disapproval difficult relate reject notion explicit final chapter better person childhood mother thought readers found critics point complex personality given thinking demonstrates courage greater self esteem story according biographer generally critical rejecting obedience favour higher remaining true conscience rises moment heroism reflects readers feel character price faith gives courage resist thinks wrong makes ready cast aside life regency era debate slavery mention abolished slave trade slavery british_empire act passed years began novel culmination long campaign notably slavery abolished empire death rate caribbean plantations high yellow fever malaria thought slave trade end slavery west_indies plantation owners unable import slaves africa literary implicated acceptance western culture benefits slavery connection lectures literature delivered 1940s unpublished citing failure note estate possible slave labour said depicted racist supporter slavery books condemned celebrated thesis wrote slavery received wide attention editor edition novel wrote introduction said called structure expanding venture literary critics including rejected said condemnation western culture maintaining writers including opposed slavery helped eventual abolition possible writes usually questions uncle slave trade receives answer suggesting perception emma emma fourth novels published lifetime heroine financial concerns tells miss smith marry departure novels quests marriage financial security important themes emma financial resources place privileged position prospects contrast bleak comparison emma immune romantic attraction unlike attracted wrong man right emma shows romantic interest men meets surprised somewhat dismayed declares love similar reaction collins emma fancy romantic plot pursuit emma genuine affections beginning chapter emma doubt love quickly clear spends time forming thousand amusing schemes progress close attachment conclusion imaginary declaration refused novel unpublished time death appeared end published volume edition volumes included publication early novel included readers conclude intended story theme novel named brother henry death idea runs story variations theme known documentation intended novel intentions according family tradition referred critics believe intended title henry probably chose title according literary scholar deeply concerned level application society particularly pressures choices facing young women beer writes readers moral dangers appalled came regard advice niece accept particular despite prospect long engagement responsibility expressed refuses machinery forming engagement stand motive actions avoid ultimately rejects aunt death marries beer says aware persuade persuaded fundamental human communication novel gradually draws implications story winds number situations people influencing attempting influence people beer notes novel entire brooding power pressures new pathways opened written relatively young publication written decade left unpublished time novels posthumously published family early parody gothic fiction eighteenth century fictional conventions making heroine plain girl middle class family allowing fall love hero gives thought exposing romantic fears curiosity according begun novel comic works literary allusions parents siblings enjoyed family entertainment read aloud writes guess susan original title outline written family entertainment addressed family audience like juvenile works reader absurd know specifically addressed brothers charles frank designed circulated read large network relations addresses reader directly times particularly end fifth chapter expresses length opinion value novels contemporary social prejudice favour historical works newspapers discussions isabella sisters eleanor henry catherine general library mother books behaviour reader gains insight perspective novels general compared popular contemporary literature especially gothic novels eleanor enjoys history books despite catherine pointing obvious fiction speeches given important historical characters addresses reader particularly end novel provides unique insight thoughts publication sense sensibility particularly valuable large portion letters burned request sister jane death themes themes literary theory applied analysis novels varied expanded generations readers scholars approach writings criticism analysis major themes novels taken theologian disposition estate second period literary analysis criticism writings began lasted half century followed decades scholarship international reception novels translated number foreign languages late 19th century modern period scholarship analysis literary themes present defends accomplished internationally known british authors regency period alive years immediately following death critiques literary themes written historical novelist theologian asked publisher review emma scott wrote long thoughtful piece published anonymously march quarterly review review platform defend genre novel praised ability copy nature exists common walks life presenting reader correct striking representation daily taking place according 21st century scholar unlike lay readers recognized divergence realistic practice prescribed defined time install par excellence scott wrote journal later widely quoted comparison read time miss finely written novel young lady talent describing involvement feelings characters ordinary life wonderful met quarterly review english writer theologian published enthusiastic early posthumous review work drew favourable comparisons homer shakespeare praising dramatic narrative qualities affirmed legitimacy novel genre arguing imaginative literature particularly narrative literature valuable history biography properly said imaginative literature concerned human experience reader gain important insights human nature moral analysed female writer suspect miss austin sic great merits eyes insight gives female characters knows women acknowledge significant original criticism published late 19th century scott set tone victorian era view author victorian period decades disposition literary estate victorian critics audiences drawn authors novels provincial quiet comparison works began republished late early standard novels series remained print continuously best sellers describes reading public minute known audience contemporaries read saw common theme criticism 19th early 20th centuries philosopher literary critic articulated view series enthusiastic articles 1840s 1850s novels jane published anonymously praised novels economy art easy adaptation means ends aid elements compared shakespeare acknowledging weak plot construction appreciated reader pulse curiosity intense interest moment action begins people speak feel act said felt tends plot actors spectators little drama responding essays communications novelist admired fidelity everyday life described criticised absence overt passion work work appeared formal constrained carefully highly cultivated garden neat borders delicate flowers bright vivid open country fresh air blue hill period decades saw international renown translations works languages including french german danish swedish biographical studies analyses literary themes significant biography memoir nephew published popularity critical standing increased dramatically readers memoir presented myth amateur novelist wrote fixed public mind sentimental image quiet middle aged maiden aunt work appropriate respectable victorian family commissioned portrait based earlier image victorian public memoir based image memoir sparked revival novels popular editions economical series published published followed elaborate illustrated editions collectors sets scholarly editions contemporary critics continued assert works sophisticated capable enjoyment depths criticism novels published years following memoir appeared previous descendants published definitive family biography life letters family record based primarily family papers letters described biographer park accurate reliable times vivid suggestive authors distanced memoir sentimental tone making little effort immediately available family records traditions book offers facts little interpretation quarter 19th century critical analyses works published life jane began fresh phase critical heritage reviewers critics launched formal criticism focusing writer writing unique according criticism increased quantity degree quality infused certain notable critics included review memoir simpson described ironic critic english society introduced themes basis modern literary criticism works humour social critique irony means moral evaluation according began critic manifested judgment direct indirect method imitating faults models criticism humour irony judgment gives sentence mimic characteristics simpson essay obscure years influential quoted prominent writer criticism ignored novelist described quasi feminist terms armed fine vein feminine subtle power self restraint blessed exquisite sense ridiculous fine soft voiced contempt novels calm cold keen view explored 1970s rise feminist literary criticism editions novels published united_states distinct american response heard according american literary nationalists cultivated scene constrained refined downright democratic author canvas extend frontier themes come define american literature turn 20th century american response represented debate american novelist critic writer series essays painted canonical popular figure argument demonstrating american literature england book following equator described ship library books absent library omission fairly good library library hadn book members literary elite appropriated appreciation mark culture reacted work called distinguishing masses view properly understand american novelist group ranked shakespeare fine painters life james considered unconscious artist describing charming responded described rising tide public interest exceeded merit interest james attributed principally stiff breeze commercial special spirits body publishers editors producers pleasant magazines found dear dear everybody dear jane infinitely material purpose pretty reproduction variety called seemingly proves form modern period place internationally known british authors appeared secure early twentieth century important early works included scholar essay generally regarded starting point academic approach bradley emphasised ties 18th century critic writer calling according totally original bradley divided works early late novels categories scholars today second groundbreaking century critic collection works scholarly edition english novelist texts remained basis subsequent editions works burst mid century scholars approached following expanding argued essay regulated hatred aspect work jane novels supported status quo irony humorous intended undermine assumptions society portrayed irony attempted protect integrity artist person face attitudes practices rejected critic wrote critical theory jane writing published scrutiny early 1940s professional amateur writer articles followed treatment irony defense discovery portrayed isolated defensive critical society describing detail relationship saw attitude contemporary literature use irony contrast realities society felt views critic view great tradition great writers english fiction belief shared helped shape scholarly debate novel genre cemented academic reputation century literary critic continued tradition comparing shakespeare strength portrayal inner lives major characters bloom genius comparable author tale enthusiastic comparison favourite authors exceeded reception contemporary response works published anonymously brought little personal renown novels quickly fashionable opinion makers princess daughter reviews published short favourable superficial cautious focusing novels moral lessons leading novelist day provided anonymous review platform defend genre novel praised realism important early review works attributed denied writing review drew favourable comparisons homer shakespeare praised dramatic quality storytelling scott set tone nearly subsequent 19th century criticism 19th century novels failed conform romantic victorian expectations powerful emotion display sound colour writing 19th century critics audiences generally preferred novels republished britain beginning 1830s sold steadily 19th century considered literary elite viewing appreciation work mark cultural taste philosopher literary critic expressed view series enthusiastic articles published 1840s 1850s later century novelist ranked shakespeare author fine painters life publication memoir introduced wider public dear aunt jane respectable maiden aunt publication memoir sparked revival novels popular editions appeared illustrated editions collectors sets quickly followed author critic called great popularity 1880s turn 20th century members literary elite reacted called distinguishing masses fully understand works began criticising called rising tide public interest exceeded merit interest quarter century criticism published memoir criticism appeared years previous half century 20th century works paved way academic focus novels essay scholar generally regarded starting point academic approach bradley novels early late novels distinction scholars second edition collected works scholarly edition english novelist text basis subsequent published editions works publication art academic study author took hold work included analysis books read effect reading work extensive analysis style narrative art concern arose criticism increasingly academic concern continues period 1940s scholars called subversive writer views belief great writers english fiction cemented academic reputation agreed combined qualities irony realism satire form author superior post world war period seen increased scholarship variety critical approaches published gap academic popular appreciation widened sequels adaptations soft core pornography fantasy based novels mid-19th century family members began publishing conclusions incomplete novels printed adaptations film adaptation mgm production starring bbc television produced 1970s attempted adhere plots characterisation settings adaptations appeared film version sense sensibility screenwriter star won academy award bbc popular mini series pride prejudice starring 21st century british production directed film period piece accurately depicts sisters deal marriage morality set late 18th century slightly earlier novel starred played romantic interest produced released september united_kingdom ireland november united_states year julia day reported guardian itv drama head ordered adaptations according important remakes new generation years great stories need retelling films films asked pushed production team young stories great drama season feature absolute cream british acting talent january film version directed starring premiered film festival love friendship adapting title youthful story love sic starred biographical film jane list works novels sense sensibility pride prejudice emma posthumous posthumous short fiction unfinished fiction works sir adapted play plan novel poems prayers letters critical editions authoritative contemporary volume critical edition major novels begun imprint complete editions novels available lack period illustrations series final volume scheduled publication fall pride prejudice hardcover pages publisher 1st edition october hardcover pages publisher edition november isbn emma hardcover pages publisher edition september isbn sense sensibility hardcover pages publisher edition october isbn hardcover pages publisher edition april hardcover pages publisher edition october family trees
Jane Austen