pennsylvania borough region pennsylvania united_states miles miles north maryland mason line miles southwest county seat according population combined surrounding hamilton population core statistical area includes surrounding population settlement began water mills built confluence creek run center town history includes episodes relating french indian war raid american_civil_war borough major northern community burned confederate forces war located pennsylvania pennsylvania maryland skirts borough east town lies approximately route pittsburgh philadelphia local geography reflecting areas like philadelphia mountainous areas like pittsburgh history european settlement native americans living hunting area 18th century included falling spring settled scots irish immigrant started mill saw mill foot high joined creek creek provided power mills settlement known falling spring march chambers issued license acres representative penn family european settlement area questionable legality treaty ending french indian war indian tribes land claims signed treaties penn family encouraged settlement area order strengthen case border dispute maryland colony resulted hostilities known war dispute settled surveying border known mason line chambers traveled england testify support penn claims maintain peace indians european settlers removed nearby area participated removing settlers nearby took incident area officially lancaster cumberland newly established great wagon road connecting philadelphia passed nearby completed harris ferry local militia formed protection indians named colonel frontier french indian war area population dropped start war settlers returning peace treaty signed built private stone fort war equipped pounder cannons fighting occurred nearby chambers fort lightly defended authorities attempted remove cannons prevent captured indians forts attempted removal unsuccessful cannons celebrate independence day forbes road trails going fort passed nearby developed main road connecting philadelphia later developed transportation hub crossroads forbes road great wagon road fighting continued area war notably brown school massacre rebellion black boys rebellion british troops fort settlers german came soon afterward english large proportion early pennsylvania settlers far west blacks lived start settlement owned black female slave french indian war slaves recorded property earliest church established scots irish chambers gave land congregation requiring single rose annual rent later land given lutheran church organized agreement churches came known catholic community organized jewish cemetery dates dates town laid lots advertised sale july pennsylvania given public town laid sides great falling spring falls said creek lots reasonable terms granted said chambers day appointed drawing said lots 28th day june thursday situation town good water stone free marble sand spot country adjoining said town good going water articles town shall read day appointed drawing lots terms sale published june soon local troops raised fight british american revolution command eldest son captain 1st pennsylvania regiment troops join siege boston arriving august fought seven years revolution reaching rank colonel continental troops september brothers william benjamin served war reached rank captain commanded local troops battle long island princeton rear guard covering retreat brooklyn wounded battle facing troops general local citizens raised liberty pole support rebels protest conscription soldiers rebellion citizens town meeting removed pole day president george_washington leading united_states troops rebels came town way staying overnight october according tradition washington lodged surgeon pennsylvania line revolution march times sitting president personally commanded military field president fled british occupation washington war sending troops pittsburgh general henry light horse harry lee washington returned october appointed brigadier general militia incorporated march declared county seat established formal government courthouse tavern diamond town square permanent courthouse built county jail built old jail built survived fire oldest jail building pennsylvania originally sheriff residence longest continuous use jail state operating today old jail museum home franklin county historical society county stand jail courtyard town growth position transportation center starting point forbes road pittsburgh postal road road rebuilt built area center economic activity nearly years completion main line fastest route pittsburgh philadelphia pittsburgh train philadelphia civil war era underground railroad stop underground railroad stayed upstairs room boarding house june october preparing raid fellow raiders stayed house escaped capture briefly visited house raid house stands east king street posed iron developer bought stored weapons guise mining equipment brown met abandoned quarry outside town discuss raid august according account brown described planned raid detail advised provided supporter helped green future locate brown confederate selective american civil war october confederate raided destroying railroad property taking guns hundreds horses young colored men boys failed accomplish main targets raid burn railroad bridge creek scotland miles north town early days virginia cavalry brigade brig occupied town burned warehouses structures bridge scotland june passed route established headquarters nearby farm burning entire town following year invaded time cavalry dispatched arrived july large portion town burned brig failing provide ransom currency gold buildings left standing temple guarded orders confederate mason home republican politician editor burned north main fire black resident killed refused allow leave burning house man asked educated burned house subsequently remember soon union battle cry civil war legacy general early accused war crimes flees united_states lieutenant general early accused war crimes ordering burning surrendered april early escaped texas horseback hoped find confederate force holding proceeded mexico sailed cuba canada living toronto wrote memoir memoir year war independence focused book published reconstruction town town rebuilt combination state private funding new buildings erected quickly initially built original standards took years fully restore town housing stock standards formation school orphaned children soldiers killed civil war incident children dead union soldiers came begging food doors residents school pennsylvania created serve children veterans orphaned war governor state eventually established additional schools state original school renamed 1890s school remained open graduated children lifetime early civil war memorial fountain built center diamond honor civil war soldiers dedicated july thousand people attendance statue union soldier stands fountain facing south guard return southern raiders contemporary day civil war burning remains town historic identity yearly memorial events held recently subject study people historically perceived responded war national_register_of_historic_places following places national_register_of_historic_places historic images photographs taken series views geography according total area square miles km2 land elevation feet sea level located sits right outside acre park fishing hunting areas hiking trails including section outside acre forest places provide recreation residents noted trout stream runs center town tributary northernmost reach watershed miles north town cold climate according area receives inches precipitation year falls characteristics summer humid subtropical climate bears characteristics average january low average high average july high average low demographics census people households families residing borough population density people square mile km2 housing units average density square mile km2 racial makeup borough white african american native american asian pacific races races hispanic latino race population households children age living married couples living female husband present non families households individuals living years age older average household size average family size borough population spread age years age older median age years females males females age males median income household borough median income family males median income versus females capita income borough families population poverty line including age age population stood estimated people january economy surrounding area large farming population including families largest crop corn farms cover acres land franklin wheat farms farms combined cover acres manufacturing includes machinery production metal food processing according economic census largest sectors payroll manufacturing companies cranes retail trade health care social assistance despite suburban growth economy area largely based agriculture retail stores serve population jobs basic needs anchor stores smaller stores located unincorporated village scotland miles north town interstate retail sector grown quickly opening target michaels near newly built exit interstate restaurants new region opened including sonic tuesday texas olive garden city location interstate miles washington baltimore maryland encourages distribution businesses miles north town major employer camp david employs residents capita personal income national average culture small town america recreation includes hunting sports events baseball games field high school football games town hosts professional football team plays people area speak pittsburgh english accent provides area outdoor activities park especially busy july opened movie palace main street reopened home arts ranked magazine list uniquely american cities towns piece written current travel editor determining ranking cited home local school offering private instruction musical instruments offers wide range lessons classes workshops summer camps presenting numerous concerts hall sponsors children chorus community band community orchestra concert jazz band adults age older journalist republican according brooks little obvious income inequality people don define place society income level value work ethic anti union anti welfare pro free market religious social conservatives government municipal government operates pennsylvania borough code holding legislative executive authority elected ward year terms mayor cast tie breaking votes council departments administered borough manager mayor january january town council president council vice president 9th congressional district pennsylvania represented house_of_representatives senate education private presbyterian related liberal arts women college founded named major donor college students known women children medical technician equestrian programs women school currently education school opened green campus building building science technology department features length lobby begins floor ends basement building public schools senior high school public school students grades drawn borough surrounding hamilton occupied current facilities principal recognized high school principal year august public junior high school eighth ninth grade students served students middle school area students north north 6th 8th grade middle school august south 6th 8th grade school year recognized highest award american school receive franklin county career technology center located school designated students adults learn trades learning core subjects school school offers training different concentrations currently different school districts students attending school district includes seventeen elementary schools school upgraded rebuilt closed date buildings lack space july current president members include seat currently filled resignation previous board president state owned school offered tuition free residential education programs children pennsylvania residents veterans currently serving armed forces original founding date founded result orphaned children going door door begging food knocked door governor governor wife realized forgotten group people resulting american_civil_war orphaned children soldiers governor set schools state known soldier students graduated student bodies schools began decline schools closed saved located scotland changed purpose changed provide education child veteran veteran living deceased new purpose subsequent change founding date school changed located miles north unincorporated village scotland students grades school established students educated school acre campus contains buildings including residential cottages governor removed funding school year state budget forcing school close private schools private schools include catholic school students teachers private christian twelfth grade academy located affiliated approximately students private schools include grade non affiliation elementary schools baptist religious library free library roots going library books organized local member club left construct library building building completed located corner second later library franklin county library began receive funds afternoon club donated funds building currently occupies post office media newspapers daily newspaper published town weekday circulation founded owned television radio television reception poor surrounding mountains family oriented station broadcasts pbs station low powered translator included stations available air cable network affiliated television station establish bureau broadcast nearby maryland shares radio market largest united_states pennsylvania maryland sister city japan notable people texas politician inventor railroad sleeping car united_states_navy officer american businessman united_states_army officer briefly commander mlb player detroit_tigers mlb player played base world series champion detroit tigers revolutionary war soldier known captain publisher african american field officer educated 1830s major_league_baseball pitcher dean princeton_university mathematician born lived west town surviving member lewis clark expedition born outside falling spring virginia newspaper editor confederate army general civil war born raised later president princeton_university served pastor renowned scholar born archbishop new_york lived going family buried journalist author spent portion childhood father pastor james church editor representative died disease born african american inventor abolitionist moved
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania