rules chess rules chess known laws chess rules governing play game chess exact origins chess unclear modern rules took form middle ages rules continued slightly modified early 19th century reached essentially current form rules varied somewhat place place today chess international governing body des sets standard rules slight modifications national organizations purposes variations rules fast chess correspondence chess online chess chess variants chess game played people sixteen pieces types player type piece moves distinct way goal game threaten opponent king inevitable capture games necessarily end players resign believe lose addition ways game end draw basic movement pieces rules govern equipment time control conduct ethics players accommodations physically challenged players recording moves chess provide procedures resolving irregularities occur game initial setup chess played square board divided squares alternating color similar matter actual colors board lighter colored squares called light white darker colored squares called dark black sixteen white sixteen black pieces placed board beginning game board placed white square player near right corner horizontal rows called ranks vertical rows called files player controls sixteen pieces beginning game pieces arranged shown king queen bishops knights pieces placed square follows placed outside corners right left edge knights placed immediately inside bishops placed immediately inside knights queen placed central square color player white queen white square black queen black square king takes vacant spot queen placed square pieces popular remember setup queen color white right refers setting board square closest player right white gameplay player controlling white pieces named white player controlling black pieces named black white moves players alternate moves making required legal skip having detrimental play continues king player draw declared explained addition game played time control players exceed time limit lose game official chess rules include procedure determining plays white instead decision left open tournament specific rules swiss system tournament round robin tournament case non competitive play mutual agreement case kind random choice employed common method player conceal piece usually color hand player chooses hand open reveal color play white movement basic moves type chess piece method movement piece moves vacant square capturing opponent piece knight pieces jump pieces piece captured taken attacking enemy piece replaces square exception captured piece permanently removed game king check captured king moves exactly square horizontally vertically special king known allowed player game moves number vacant squares horizontal vertical direction moved bishop moves number vacant squares diagonal direction queen moves number vacant squares horizontal vertical diagonal direction knight moves nearest square rank file diagonal thought moving squares horizontally square vertically moving square horizontally squares vertically pattern knight blocked pieces jumps new location complex rules movement moves straight forward square square vacant moved option moving squares straight forward provided squares vacant backwards pieces capture differently capture enemy piece squares squares vacant involved special moves promotion consists moving king squares placing king adjacent following conditions hold king involved previously moved pieces king king currently check king pass end square attack enemy piece permitted attack pass attacked square king rank advances squares original square ends turn adjacent opponent rank captured opponent moved square forward capture legal opponent immediately following advance right demonstrate instance white moves black capture moving white removed board promotion player advances eighth rank promoted converted queen bishop knight color choice player queen usually chosen choice limited previously captured pieces theoretically possible player queens bishops knights promoted desired piece available player provide piece check king check attack enemy piece piece unable place king check pinned king deliver check opposing player player places leaves king check possible ways check king square threatened capture threatening piece possibly king block check placing piece king opponent threatening piece possible check king game section informal games customary announce check making puts opponent king check formal competitions check rarely announced competition rules rules apply games played board special rules correspondence chess blitz chess computer chess handicapped players act moving pieces movement pieces hand hand taken piece moving retracted illegal player king hand hand case promotion player releases eighth rank player promote moved player touch piece board promotion finalized new piece released promotion square touch rule play player having touches piece having intention moving player legally moved long hand left piece new square legal piece player touches opponent pieces piece captured legal touched pieces moved captured penalty king piece touched player touches time touching king player castle legal player completes square king touching player correct accordingly direction legal player starts castle illegally legal king possible including player moves eighth rank substituted different player stopped touching complete promoted piece released square player wishes touch piece intention adjusting position square player alert opponent intention saying adjust game started player touch pieces board timing tournament games played time constraints called time controls chess clock player moves time control game different types time controls cases player certain time certain number moves cases player limited time moves player gain small additional time small added clock delaying small time time started opponent player delivers game player wins matter subsequently noticed time clock player calls attention player time player time sequence legal moves leads player wins automatically player possibility game draw rule different rule defines insufficient material win time lone king king plus knight king plus bishop king plus knights opposed forced win final position win time material rule requires win forced position rule merely requires win possible rules appeal women world chess championship famous instance rule player time calls attention opponent running time sudden death time control game continues time control period game played sudden death time control established player ran time game lost player game drawn player believes opponent attempting win game time normal means sudden death time control player minutes remaining player stop claim draw declare game draw postpone decision opponent extra minutes recording moves square identified unique pair letter number vertical files labeled white left white right similarly horizontal ranks numbered starting nearest white board square board uniquely identified file letter rank number white king example starts game square black knight formal competition player obliged record played chess order settle disputes illegal positions time control making claims draws rule repetition position chess accepted standard recording games today systems international correspondence chess obsolete descriptive chess current rule board written paper recorded electronic device players indicate offers draw writing time player minutes left complete moves required record moves delay thirty seconds available times player respond opponent writing chess irregularities illegal player makes illegal legal piece possible touch rule applies illegal attempt castle touch rule applies king adjust time clock according best evidence mistake noticed later game restarted position error occurred regional organizations different rules blitz chess played players small limited time minutes rule varies player correct illegal player pressed clock player pressed clock opponent claim win hasn moved opponent moves illegal accepted penalty according laws chess completed illegal awarding opponent additional minutes clock second completed illegal player results loss game position impossible opponent win series legal moves opponent bare king case game drawn completed player pressed clock rapid chess blitz chess completed illegal results loss illegal position discovered game starting position incorrect game restarted discovered game board oriented incorrectly game continued pieces transferred correctly oriented board game starts colors pieces reversed game continues rules regional organizations different rules player knocks pieces responsibility restore correct position time discovered illegal pieces displaced game restored position position determined game restored known correct position conduct players use notes outside sources information including computers advice people analysis board permitted record objective facts game time clock draw offers players leave competition area permission high standards ethics expected players shake hands game generally player speak game offer draw resign attention announcement check amateur games officially sanctioned games player distract player means including repeatedly offering draw increasing concerns use chess engines outside communication banned mobile phones playing area chess competitions penalty game expulsion tournament rules allow rigid enforcement amateur events equipment size squares approximately times diameter base king squares approximately inches normally suited pieces kings preferred size range darker squares usually brown green lighter squares white buff pieces chess set design standard usually wood plastic black white colors like dark wood red dark pieces called white black pieces white black chess height king millimetres inches height approximately inches preferred players diameter king height size pieces proportion king pieces balanced games subject time control chess clock consisting adjacent buttons stop clock starting component run simultaneously clock analog digital digital clock highly preferred tournaments include time delay countdown clock starts add extra time added prior time controls start game decides playing black chess clock placed end game player king placed check legal player escape check king said game ends player loses unlike pieces king actually captured removed board ends game shows example position white king threatened black queen square king threatened capture queen check resigning player resign time opponent wins game normally happens player believes likely lose game player resign saying verbally indicating ways writing result game writing black white king indicates resignation frequently distinguished accidentally knocking king stopping indication resigning stopped offer necessarily resignation player think agreeing draw draws game ends draw conditions occur game automatically draw player check legal situation called stalemate example position shown right game immediately drawn possibility series legal moves draw insufficient material including king king king king bishop king king knight king bishop king bishop bishops squares color unusual mates players agree draw players makes offer player having claim draw declaring following conditions exists declaring intention bring conditions rule capture moves player repetition board position occurred times player pieces having rights including right castle capture claim proven true game drawn time player able check opposing king continually perpetual check player indicated intention game drawn rule longer effect players usually agree draw situation rule repetition rule eventually applicable time control game played time control end loss player uses allotted time opponent possibly timing section different types time control players fixed time entire game certain number moves specified time small time added history rules chess evolved centuries early chess like games played india 6th century time rules varied area area modern rules took form italy 13th century giving mobility pieces previously restricted movement queen bishop modified rules entered accepted form late 15th century early 16th century basic moves king knight unchanged originally option moving squares promoted queen reached eighth rank queen originally square direction european chess able leap squares forwards backwards left right area gave right newly promoted persian arabic game bishop persian arabic meaning elephant moved squares jump middle ages promoted equivalent queen time weakest piece reached eighth rank 12th century squares board alternated colors standard 13th century word laws emerged drastically altered game requirement win player win capturing opponent pieces stalemate added outcome changed times history stalemate rule gained option moving squares rule natural consequence new option king acquired right castle variations history different versions rule queen bishop acquired current moves stronger pieces changes accepted game essentially modern form rules promotion changed times stated originally promoted queen time weak piece queen acquired current powerful piece promoted queen bishop knight 18th century rules allowed promotion piece captured rules published 19th century restriction lifted allowed player queen rules new rules concerning draws introduced changed years repetition rule added times required exact conditions specified clearly repetition history rule added times number moves required different years 20th century standard moves extended moves specific rule history group new laws included touch rule accompanying adjust rule white moves orientation board procedure illegal procedure king left check moves issues behavior players spectators chess set introduced standard style pieces size pieces squares board standardized laws history middle 19th century chess games played time limit match took time hours suggested time limit action taken london tournament blamed loss match williams slow play game day moves year match limit minutes use modern style time limit match known publication chess rules book shortly movement queen bishop changed modern form 16th 17th centuries differences opinion concerning rules promotion stalemate differences existed 19th century gave rules chess book liberal del del chess clubs arose tournaments common need rules wrote set rules widely rules later writers rules rules 19th century major clubs published rules including london paris called proposals und der published published rules new proposals published generally accepted english speaking countries german speaking countries usually writings chess authority published formed took task rules tried establish universal set rules translations languages differed slightly rules international competition control countries continued use rules internally created known published new edition rules official edition laws published editions rules published french official version published english version rules based authorized translation edition english official language rules edition published time laws handed frequent interpretations published amendments rewrote laws incorporate interpretations amendments abandoned idea universal set laws rules standard high level play edition implemented year changes rules editions issued rules national based rules slight variations published popular united_states starting continues publish use tournaments sanctions added variant appendix laws chess uses random initial set main pieces conditions king placed bishops opposite color squares rules extended cover positions rule mobile phones brought conduct variations case minor extra rule added particular match drawing resigning moves london chess classic december london
Rules of chess