species psychedelic mushroom family north_america found northeast central southeastern mexico south_america recorded colombia ecuador known caribbean island martinique china mushroom grows clusters groups rotting wood fruit bodies conical bell shaped brown caps diameter set atop slender stems long mushrooms stain blue bruised indicative presence compound indians purposes taxonomy classification species described new science american based specimens collected road published short description latin publication followed detailed description english later year according specialist species described described singer synonyms microscopic features type material singer considered species distinct differences stem surface smith named variety var specimens found conical form inverted cone similarly main distinguishing feature ascribed cap somewhat resembling shape female human breast later studies showed morphological variations warrant individual recognition variable nature characteristics existence intermediate forms places section grouping species characterized primarily having spores long specific epithet refers type locality natives natives mushroom mushroom genius mushroom description fruit bodies caps conical bell shaped maturity reach diameter cap surface smooth sticky moist specimens faint radial grooves extend margin color fresh caps ranges dark reddish brown brown brown additionally cap meaning change color depending state dry cap fades dull yellowish brown color straw cap frequently prominent gill attachment ranges broadly attached stem narrowly attached narrow gills close crowded gill color initially dull gray spores cause color change brown stem long thick equal width length slightly larger near base hollow stem pale brown upper reddish brown near stem densely covered whitish pressed flat surface maturity leave smooth surface mushroom partial veil resembling produced species long occasionally leaves sparse remnants tissue hanging cap margin upper stem ring remains stem veil disappears parts mushroom stain blue injured mushroom spore print dark brown spores range shape roughly roughly elliptical typically dimensions thick walled large basidia spore bearing cells club shaped swollen hyaline usually spored rarely spored forms present measure pleurocystidia cystidia gill face swollen near base ending abruptly short sharp point apex measure cheilocystidia cystidia gill edge variable shape measure pleurocystidia relatively sparse cheilocystidia abundant clamp connections present hyphae application drop potassium solution turns cap stem brown similar species species known venezuela roughly similar form somewhat smaller cap width diameter stem lengths addition differences distribution clearly distinguished larger cystidia pleurocystidia measure cheilocystidia notes species resemble considers brown cap color unusual compares habitat distribution saprobic species contributes degradation organic matter deposited soils nutrient cycling forests grows typically grows clusters groups rotting wood rarely frequently found growing reported coffee plantations subtropical cloud forests especially occurring elevations species occurs northeast central southeastern mexico recorded locations states veracruz known colombia ecuador caribbean island martinique reported china mexico colombia fungus usually fruits june july recorded appearing january uses fruit bodies spiritual purposes indians authorities suggested tree fungus reported jesuit missionaries 17th 18th centuries reddish mushroom apparently source peru established record mushroom use area possible mushroom instead psychedelic species wood dwelling genus
Psilocybe yungensis