punctuated punctuated called punctuated theory evolutionary biology proposes species appear fossil record stable showing little net evolutionary change geological history state called significant evolutionary change occurs theory proposes generally restricted rare rapid events branching called process species splits distinct species species gradually transforming punctuated commonly contrasted belief evolution generally occurs uniformly steady gradual transformation called view evolution seen generally smooth continuous published landmark paper developing theory called punctuated paper built model geographic theories developmental genetic research proposed degree commonly attributed virtually fossil record dominates history fossil species history punctuated originated logical extension concept genetic revolutions especially applied fossil record basic workings theory proposed identified historians science generally recognize paper foundation new research program punctuated differs theory mainly placed considerably greater emphasis generally concerned explaining morphological sudden jumps found fossil record later complimented paper stating evolutionary unexpected evolutionary punctuated major impact evolutionary biology year paper published paper journal evolution suggested gradual evolution seldom seen fossil record argued standard mechanism suggest possible resolution paper presented annual meeting geological society america focused attention possibility modern studies aspects organized year meeting assigned topic recalls publication presented new interesting ideas implications subject asked present paper jointly according ideas came truly acting sounding board eventual coined term punctuated wrote paper proper author pairing book recalls discussion pair wrote roughly half parts obviously work actually penned remember example writing section parts harder reconstruct edited entire manuscript better consistency sent reacted strongly signaling tenor reaction shifting reasons present day argued french architect proposed anticipation theory punctuated fossil record fossil record evolutionary progression typically consists species suddenly appear ultimately disappear cases close million years later change external appearance fossil species represented horizontal lines lengths depict long existed lines illustrates appearance fossil species depicted species existence new species appear random intervals lasting hundreds thousands years disappearing change appearance exact concurrent species generally impossible determine illustrated following depicting evolution modern humans time separated line led evolution closest living relatives similar evolutionary time lines showing identical pattern evolutionary change instance list african asian note different time scales different theoretical mechanisms change published paper considered standard model model popularized paper change genetic environment evolution classic volume suggests species large central populations stabilized large volume process gene flow new beneficial population large size unable reach factors constantly changing environments case transformation rare fossil record indicates smaller populations hand isolated parental stock effects gene flow addition pressure natural selection especially intense peripheral isolated populations exist outer edges ecological tolerance evolution happens rare instances evidence gradual evolution fossil record rare hypothesis alluded closing paper rapidly evolving isolated populations place origin evolutionary isolation comparatively small size explain phenomena rapid evolution lack documentation fossil record hitherto time went moved away wedding punctuated particularly evidence accumulated support modes particularly attracted work importance reproductive mechanisms applied punctuated non sexual species including evolution alerted colleagues prominence fossil record considered rare example believed gradual evolution called terminology comprised evolution analysis examining published studies patterns fossil record showed exhibited associated punctuated patterns evolutionary change according clear common predicted modern genetic studies proposed explain causes initially attracted theories developmental genetic hypothesis rejected time evidence accumulated plausible mechanisms suggested include habitat tracking selection stability hypothesis constraints imposed nature subdivided populations clade selection evidence existence sibling species species indistinguishable proteins diverged sufficiently suggest separated millions years paramount example evolutionary based evidence remained unchanged level million years according emerge theory important contribution evolutionary science philosopher adds claiming species typically undergo evolutionary change complete claiming change generation change change generations accumulate instead time species mean describes process fossil record includes documented examples evolution debate prominence fossil record evolution punctuated cited contributing hypothesis species individuals classes providing stronger framework theory evolution common confusion arisen proponents punctuated actually argued mechanisms advocated fast taxonomic scale theory applied revolutionary claims intended punctuated related ideas like quantum evolution mass extinction nature punctuated confusion theory sympathetic treatment controversial advocated idea hopeful monsters led conclude occurring single generation jumps interpretation frequently exploited weakness record portray contemporary evolutionary biology advancing neo quoted remark stated proposed punctuated explain trends quoted design know admitting fossil record includes transitional forms transitional forms generally lacking species level abundant larger groups exist debate long supporters punctuated generally place figure years quantum evolution quantum evolution controversial hypothesis advanced columbia_university regarded greatest twentieth century simpson according geological record rare occasions evolution proceed rapidly form entirely new families orders classes organisms hypothesis differs punctuated respects punctuated modest scope addressing evolution specifically species level simpson idea principally concerned evolution higher taxonomic groups second relied different mechanism simpson relied interaction genetic drift shift fitness landscape relied ordinary particularly concept lastly significantly quantum evolution took position issue simpson acknowledged existence called mode considered rapid evolution larger scope evolution stated evolutionary change nearly universal rule state motion normal evolving populations state rest exception restraint force required maintain despite differences models earlier critiques eminent commentators simpson argued punctuated little quantum evolution multiple meanings punctuated portrayed oppose concept actually form evolutionary change appears geological layers change occurring great change generation end later commented colleagues missed insight studied evolutionary theory know considered translation geological time evolutionary colleagues failed grasp primarily think geological scales dedicated chapter view wide confusion rates change point argue understood sense evolution proceeds single uniform rate speed called constant caricature exist second argument follows caricature constant dismissed left logical alternative terms variable variable distinguished ways variable continuously variable believing evolution jumps stability relative described variable respect genuinely radical believe evolution generally proceeds bursts continuously variable hand believe evolutionary rates continuously fast slow stop particular reason emphasize certain speeds particular extreme case ultra slow evolution special commits claim geological record contrast earlier claim evidence argued qualified judge particular commitment aimed criticism believes apparent gaps represented fossil record document migratory events evolutionary events according evolution certainly occurred probably gradually model observation examples rapid episodic events documented fossil record emphasizes punctuated journalists partly later writings contends theory deserve particularly large measure publicity minor interesting minor surface neo theory lies firmly neo synthesis book darwin philosopher especially critical presentation punctuated argues alternated revolutionary conservative claims theory time revolutionary statement appeared criticized retreated traditional neo position responded claims technical volume structure evolutionary theory literary scholar argued use analogy metaphor constitutes non scientific discourse attempting scientific hypothesis claims particularly popular essays uses variety strategies literature political science personal anecdotes general pattern punctuated context natural science long periods interrupted rapid catastrophic change responded critics mistake confusing context discovery context justification celebrated color energy prose knowledge critics scott concerns theory gained non scientists skills punctuated seized evolution new species natural selection classical theory emphasized gradual change punctuated change positive evaluation state analysis existing fossil data shown increasing satisfaction community correct identifying periods evolutionary interrupted shorter periods evolutionary change darwin theory sudden appearance species record lack evidence substantial gradual change species initial appearance extinction long noted including appealed record favored explanation presenting ideas prevailing influences progressive envisaged species created intervals darwin needed stress gradual nature evolution accordance promoted friend privately expressed concern noting margin essay better begin species created showers world theory false incorrectly assumed insisted rate change constant nearly edition states species different genera classes changed rate degree oldest beds living shells found midst multitude extinct forms differs little living species genus surviving today known fossils million years old fourth edition origin species darwin wrote periods species undergone modification long measured years probably short comparison periods retain form general consistent darwin conception evolution according early versions punctuated peripheral considered critical importance darwin wrote means agree immigration isolation necessary elements isolation great importance production new species inclined believe area important especially production species shall prove capable enduring long period spreading widely importance isolation forming species played significant darwin early thinking shown essay time wrote origin importance explained reasons revised view follows great open area greater chance favourable variations arising large number individuals species supported conditions life complex large number existing species species modified improved improved corresponding degree new form soon improved able spread open continuous area come competition forms new forms produced large areas victorious competitors spread widely rise greatest number new varieties species play important role changing history organic world punctuated darwin ideas specific mechanisms evolution generally darwin theory evolution natural selection supplemental modes rapid evolution recent work developmental biology identified physical mechanisms tissue abrupt morphological transitions evolution consequently consideration mechanisms phylogenetic change found reality non gradual increasingly common field evolutionary developmental biology particularly studies origin morphological novelty description mechanisms found multi authored volume language change proposed punctuated model language histories reference particularly indigenous languages australia objections proposed language family model raised considerable interest command majority support separately recent work phylogenetic methods claims bursts play important factor languages split accounting total divergence vocabulary note bursts occurs mythology greater proportions
Punctuated equilibrium