massacre massacre series raids english colonists indian allies largely pacific population northern spanish florida took place queen anne war limited spanish indian resistance network missions destroyed population killed captured fled larger spanish french outposts voluntarily joined english major event governor expedition battle marked large scale resistance english raids significant numbers unhappy conditions lived spanish simply abandoned towns joined moore expedition near savannah rivers conditions slightly better moore raiding expedition preceded followed raiding activity principally conducted english allied creeks cumulative effect raids conducted spanish florida immediate confines pensacola background english spanish colonization efforts southeastern north_america began coming conflict early middle 17th century founding english charles town present day charleston south_carolina recently established province heightened tensions spanish florida traders raiders new province penetrated florida leading raiding expeditions sides governor threatened spanish english claims pensacola established spanish enforced blake death later year interrupted plans replaced florida spanish population florida time fairly small compared nearby english colonies founding 16th century spanish set network missions primary purpose local indian population convert roman catholicism roughly present day western florida southwestern georgia mission communities total population communities populated inhabited tribes migrated southward area early 18th century major source food principal towns pensacola situated near lands suited agriculture native populations florida entirely happy spanish rule uprisings spanish 17th century indians forced work spanish military garrisons plantation owners including labor hauling goods miles away policies spanish masters led flee english spanish policy forbade indians possession muskets dependent spanish protection english armed creeks raids news war spanish succession known north_america queen anne war widened include england arrived september governor moore convinced provincial assembly september fund expedition expedition failure rioting charles town expenses incurred significant accomplishment expedition destruction coastal spanish mission towns present day coastal georgia expedition florida governor ordered remaining spanish missions moved closer defensive purposes missions consolidated south consolidated early creeks attacked raiding possible indians enslaved result raids governor moore presented assembly replacement plan expedition spanish towns promised unlike expedition colony pay expected costs recovered taking slaves september assembly approved plan asking moore assistance friendly indians recruiting colonists traveled upper waters recruited creek indians join expedition traditional enemies january moore force arrived larger mission towns creeks raided surrounding villages moore took whites creek resistance organized father retreated town church compound surrounded mud wall men successfully held english bay hours surrendered men women children ran arrows according spanish account threw followers moore mercy according account apparently slain cold blood moore indian allies followers tortured killed word attack reached leagues miles south captain raised force spanish cavalry force engaged moore decisively defeated killed captured killed captured captured evidence joined english spanish led forces encounter moore considered making attack fort force suffered significant number wounds opted instead attempt spanish prisoners managed escape released hope garrison commander pay ransom garrison commander refused pay raiding following battle moore continued march village survived leader surrendered church gold ornaments train supplies moore moved slowly apparently wanted leave english according report population seven villages joined march voluntarily moore report expedition claimed killed men women children stated removed exile captured slaves people women children major missions survive spanish attempted places eventually judged abandoned survivors consolidated east identify places force destroyed analyzed english spanish sources documenting missions effects moore raid according analysis following missions ones likely destroyed san francisco san san spanish authorities pensacola mobilized forces return moore force clearly left area buried christian dead reported exhibiting evidence torture despite losses immediately abandon consolidate missions raiding took place surviving insisted retreat pensacola english later raids wake moore raids raids northern florida principally executed creeks august creeks destroyed missions year later attacked attacks month prompted survivors flee spring creek raiders besieged attacked ranch near abandoned virtually according scholar moore raids later ones indians went exile unknown number enslaved french governor mobile wrote raiding florida area resulted killing capture burned alive end spanish presence florida reduced pensacola consequences survivors fled westward settled near french colonial outpost mobile ended near pensacola reported refugees settled near mobile taken moore creek free refugees settled areas frequently harassed cases indians taken slaves freed protests authorities spanish responded raids encouraging raids coastal plantations following years english colonists continued spanish french interests florida gulf_coast able capture pensacola mobile main spanish french settlements pensacola twice besieged creek forces apparently english colonial support english supplied indians incursions french dominated territories west english intentions assault mobile got planning stages raid indian village near mobile historiography somewhat unclear contradictory primary materials raids historians times written widely varying accounts number indians enslaved moore claimed report large number enslaved modern historians believe significant number moore went voluntarily actually slaves originally published accepts moore numbers 19th century south_carolina historian mentions taken slaves historian modern analysis raids resulted indians opinions differ long term fate indians voluntarily went moore census settlements counted fewer believes balance probably sold slavery believes combination factors blame addition active settlements disease starvation tribes migration communities account difference
Apalachee massacre