riots riots known riots riots occurred riots caused high unemployment rising grain costs like general unrest spread england following napoleonic wars riot broke group residents met alcohol left inn began intimidating residents demanding money destroying property riot spread attempted calm protests ordering poor relief fixing minimum wage printed bill reproduced right following day encouraged lord liverpool government militia citizens led sir backed 1st rounded ensuing altercation george dragon injured killed went run brother appointed chief justice chief justice christian entitled try government case home secretary lord appointed consisting justice justice tried week commencing june men woman condemned subsequently hanged general unrest riots factor government passing act subsequently metropolitan police act background government increased taxation imported wheat grain help pay costs napoleonic wars poor laws system designed help alleviate financial distress poorer communities systems helped wages artificially low farmers knew labourers wages supplemented system basic like bread heavily priced creating widespread social unrest worst hit families men returning arrived home time unemployment high reply circulated february march april reported state poor arises entirely want employment willing seek farmer afford early quarter pounds wheat cost shillings rising shillings shillings december average wages period remained static shillings week pound bread quoted shillings predicted rise shillings rioting preceding events region rioting months norfolk riots broke bury known locally bury norfolk morning meeting held norfolk group including marched denver market meet weekly meeting crown public house person known riots killed mob mainly men women besieged crown agreed allow inside pleas work shillings day demands called cavalry arrived backed troops riot act read market place causing subsided arrests started norfolk august men women sentenced death thirteen sentences hanged afternoon august large village population miles south south west miles north north east group residents met discuss lack work rising grain costs alcohol residents directed anger local farmer poor liked man went horn started blowing outside gathering hundreds villagers join group riot commenced began shop stones thrown windows invaded clarke property threw belongings street place reverend wife arrived try calm vicar magistrate unpopular man dealt harshly minor offences read tried read riot act effect crowd told home visited premises disabled year old throwing furniture street intimidated wielding butcher stopping place little nice old gentleman gave mob continued demolished furniture broke house looking grandson seen coming escaped visiting time robbed removed property worth arrived house reverend threatening shoot entered house disarmed men rushed fled foot wife daughters left destroyed goods stole later sue damages riot act received award challenged press people complained size resulting district pay stopped post returning senior meeting robbed evans shillings allowing proceed reaching evans alerted sent carriage reverend collected family walking city population people city nearly miles north north east cambridge miles north north east london arrived alerted fellow reverend reverend dispatched messenger bury miles east interim stolen wagon horses equipped guns mob armed guns pitch began march arriving quarters mile north city reverend met read asked mob required told wanted price stone flour day children living wage reverend agreed stated asked return marched market place joined citizens recognising needs drafted response offering poor families shillings head week ordering farmers pay shillings day wages hearing proclamation mob gave men beer told drunk tried persuade home took advice whilst continued intimidating stealing marching wagons guns left city arrival military bury delegated london discuss matter lord home secretary way law stopped barracks troop volunteer cavalry requested law unable convince seriousness situation asked reverend sir return law report matter restoring order detachment men 1st commanded captain arrived bury late afternoon marched streets force remaining night following afternoon troops marched led sir bow street constable followed troop volunteer cavalry summoned earlier militia gentlemen inhabitants arrival road small detachment troops ordered enter village east larger group charged hard mill street main street found making stand george dragon near west end station road militia called come ordered shooting window hit wallace militia got public house assembled street surrounded attempted musket successful ran away stop called porter shot head killed person known result shooting subdue rest captured taken rest rounded home secretary lord dispatched troops cavalry men pounder cannons companies south lincolnshire regiment foot help capture leading hidden eventually betrayed escaped eventually pardoned years later returned seven years went america rioting spread nearby areas areas badly affected took june areas finally cleared trouble captured trial persons prison bail lasted monday june following saturday special commission retained exclusive jurisdiction civil criminal matters keeper records right bishop appointed chief justice held post special crown lord created appointed judges justice justice christian felt attend attendance trial christian said suggested london great object commission declined rotation duty left trial prisoners appointed commissioners monday shortly judges went courthouse market place time read judges bishop palace service held cathedral attended principal inhabitants sermon preached law man service court grand jury sworn elected richardson counsel crown led treasury solicitor defence counsel jefferson cooper freeman hart counsel justice addressed court gentlemen grand jury called unusual period present consequence daring acts outrage committed individuals town immediate neighbourhood fresh contemplating nature atrocities impossible consider prompt measures days spirit devastation finally subdued went direct jury length commenting point disturbances necessity advance wages circumstances offenders correspond object probably referring licensed outlined capital offences presented robbery person stealing dwelling house defined breaking house night intent robbery person violence threat thereof stealing dwelling house actual act stealing threat reminded jury offences carried mob mob guilty person deed closed highest importance peace safety isle surrounding country present inquiry read account proceedings parts kingdom read convinced awful lesson taught wild notions prevail power armed multitude law strong triumphant destructive sway days law ultimately compelled submit justice mercy court following day tuesday tuesday june court opened defendants charged breaking house stealing personal property money hearing evidence judges held discussion justice informed jury mistake indictment directing jury defendants pronounced guilty seven defendants indicted breaking house stealing money property assaulting addressed jury witnesses testified jury recorded verdict guilty south acquitted court wednesday wednesday june court opened indictment defendants read forcibly entering house stealing personal property addressed jury later pronounced defendants guilty defendants indicted forcing way house threatening stealing addressed jury witnesses testified verdict guilty returned whilst warner acquitted defendants indicted stealing house addressed jury length describing events occurring town morning witnesses called jury returned guilty given guilty thursday thursday morning june defendants indicted stealing home charged receiving stolen goods witnesses called following justice summed pronounced guilty theft butcher received guilty indicted stealing evidence contradictory acquitted jury bar indicted highway robbery witness called justice summed jury returned verdict guilty prisoner defendants charged threatening stealing addressed jury explaining circumstances disturbances carried mob witnesses called justice spoke jury long time jury retired minutes returning pronounced guilty dennis cooper jefferson acquitted freeman defendants charged stealing witness examined following pronounced guilty jury capital convictions notes returned jury court friday friday morning june seven prisoners brought bar similar charge tuesday breaking house stealing personal property money prisoners pleaded guilty addressed jury explaining persons indicted tuesday offence explained jury earlier indictment incorrectly described house property leading prisoners explained original indictment persons charged persons convicted capital offences removed indictment witness brought forward statements said previously took day went length closing duty belonged jury execute confident experience court verdict good sense public justice country require took jury minutes find walker butcher crow guilty nicholas wilson jefferson guilty brought bar farmer bail charged riot held plus appear trial elder younger bound father son elder younger brought charged assaulting stealing younger addressed jury summed jury gave guilty verdict prisoners shortly prisoners brought bar indicted having committed remainder chose tried immediately addressed jury explaining majesty government keen jury cases necessary prisoners bar offered small remained good behaviour said spoke prisoners length finally demanding offer find thanked jury services court sentences saturday saturday june men acquitted discharged men woman condemned men woman sentences persons sentenced transportation seven sailed convict ship sir departed new_south_wales october captained records exist following known sailed transported life years seven years sentenced transportation seven years including committed months including condemned elder stealing persons stealing dwelling house stealing persons junior stealing person reverend younger stealing dwelling house execution friday june condemned men driven market place black cart horses costing pound shillings accompanied bishop chaplain hired pair costing shillings submitting expenses june chief noted power pressing cart purpose difficult matter people feel occasion men arrived pits hanged praying crowd time griffin unofficially given ropes cost pound shillings hanging kept left collection sold cure sore following hanging bodies placed displayed cottage people came visit buried day mary church vicar blessing warning stone plaque pictured installed west concludes awful fate warning total people executed england men including women aftermath days execution condemned prisoners sentences months imprisonment transported prison hulk moored river thames ships holding areas prior transferred regular vessel transportation time australia residents tried hold meetings complain apparent extension prisoners sentences despite media attention newspapers time took sides depending supported government prisoners returned simple mistake clerk april lieutenant colonel appointed lieutenant governor tasmania sailed sir ship transporting sentenced transportation october ship arrived new_south_wales days later march soon sailed arriving april distinguished lieutenant governor reverend stayed vicar title appointed george church registers destroyed riots remaining registers start marriages baptism general unrest riots factor government passing act difficulties enforcing law continued public created leading modern police force
Ely and Littleport riots of 1816