norwegian peter volcanic island kilometres antarctica claimed norway queen land comprises norwegian dependent territories kilometres long square kilometres slightly larger tallest peak ultra meter tall nearly island covered surrounded year pack ice making inaccessible year round little life island apart seals island sighted january named peter russia february set foot island financed successful claimed norway annexed landing occurred island subject scientific research limited tourism island subject treaty automated meteorological station island amateur radio visited island sporadic landings tourists history sighting january expedition commanded ships russian flag named island peter great russia drift ice impossible come nearer kilometers island land spotted south circle southernmost sighted land time discovery january french expedition led ship confirmed discovery land stopped kilometers island pack ice norwegian surveyed island odd prevented landing norwegian whale ship owner financed expeditions research claim land norway motivated british taxation stations hoped able establish stations norwegian territory gain better privileges taxes went home country expedition land island financed second expedition led landed february claimed island norway attempted land hindered pack ice march norwegian royal proclamation declared island norwegian sovereignty march island declared landing occurred february ship biological geological surveys underwent days pack ice forced expedition leave expedition built placed copy document occupation inside june subject treaty norway signing treaty landings island nations scientific investigations limited number ships successfully landed tourists island sent scientists spend days island main focuses aerial photography measurements allow accurate map island produced second important area marine biological investigations geological biological surveys conducted team built automatic weather station sent island geography peter island volcanic island located kilometres coast continental antarctica area square kilometres island entirely covered surface covered ice surrounding island meter tall ice vertical cliffs long stretches ice caps supplemented rock landing possible points short period year island surrounded pack ice landings place west peninsula divides bays cape narrow strips beach suitable landing beach meters wide entered natural arch west plateau north south coasts feature ice shelves eastern features rock columns flat tops sea island shield volcano known active categorized historic based date samples ranging million years ago summit metre wide circular crater ultra prominent peak metres elevation named known volcano extinct upper apparently indicating eruption centuries ago environment island vegetation consists exclusively adapted extreme climate island harsh climate strong winds freezing temperatures steady snowfall keeps vegetation minimum island breeding ground particularly southern wilson storm including visit island numerous seals particularly seals leopard seals smaller numbers southern elephant seals politics peter island norway territorial claims antarctica queen land peter island claim claim sector south island subject treaty treaty ensures free access island scientific investigation states peaceful purposes norway australia france new_zealand united_kingdom mutually recognized claims antarctica norwegian administration island handled located oslo annexation island regulated act march establishes norwegian criminal law private law procedural law applies island addition laws explicitly state valid island establishes land belongs state prohibits storage nuclear products norwegian law required norwegian activity antarctica including follow international environmental law antarctica norwegian citizens plan activities report deny non activity people visiting island follow laws protection nature treatment waste pollution insurance search rescue operations
Peter I Island