1st baron 1st baron august june british civil servant noted long tenure permanent secretary lord chancellor office born business family educated oxford study history graduation joined aim called bar practising liverpool noted particularly successful joined secretary chief commissioner serving secretary commissions permanent secretary lord chancellor office served position years different lord contacts obtained thanks long tenure work outside office influential permanent 20th century influence decisions lord chancellor office greater led criticism suspicions power throne culminated verbal attack lord chief justice lord session house_of_lords retired baron despite officially retired continued work government circles austria seat house_of_lords way directly legislation early life education born august manager manchester firm merchants company wife daughter lieutenant colonel family described descended jews converted christianity included notable people sir sir later sir age seven educated expensive preparatory schools country known harsh treatment standard pupils force students staff listen screams school holidays accompanied father switzerland developed lifelong love skiing president fourteen sent known academic main public schools discomfort time george prepared discomfort noted proud attending school winchester played football occasionally involved debates noted particularly exceptional pupil oxford graduated second class degree history noted particularly outstanding student attributed time spent enjoying studying despite lack academic brilliance invited present honour normally given eminent alumni oxford graduation applied fellow souls college oxford rejected bar work career change failure fellow souls joined called bar practised liverpool noted particularly successful late important position point married required steady income support family bar providing love english language knowledge good paper decided join intention permanent secretary entered qualified lawyer exempt required examinations marked different civil service employees worked post secretary chief commissioner produced report leading creation worked secretary great northern railway workers union job union noticed employed temporary legal assistant understanding job permanent promoted principal assistant secretary appointed national insurance act followed appointed chief friendly societies granted place societies committee february gave position chief secretary legal adviser newspapers time reporting promotions months consequence high standing period involved drafting education bills commission galaxy future stars contained individuals later noted civil servants right including contacts time committee instrumental advancing career lawyer dedicated civil servant considered outsider links particularly friendships struck fisher anderson helped extent services committees permanent secretary lord chancellor office sir served permanent secretary lord chancellor office close retirement current lord chancellor lord believed duties lord chancellor man divided lord chancellor minister justice looked permanent secretary qualified lawyer help set war appointing early work lord chancellor second time forced resign months started work july accused pro german sympathies lord chancellor served lord appointed senior government offices time held wealthy office lord chancellor stood lawyers middle class considered lord son farmer later justice peace permanent secretary july month took post immediately tried impression workings office previous permanent secretary time saving mechanisms forbidden office owned similar world war sons serving western certainly helped write memorandum circulated arguing forces concentrated western spread attempt assault areas resigned prime minister december member cabinet followed replaced lord appointed december aged appointed oldest person lord chancellor lord campbell appointed age showed decisions slow cautious job lord chancellor years world war limited maintaining system changes tenure uneventful period influential judicial appointments reports way accept candidate member cabinet war cabinet limited representation ministers limited political influence extent close friends lord contacts coming politicians sir group described future labour cabinet tenure lord chancellor question came law society favour department opposed changes status quo person prepared report matter lord chancellor best express disapproval changes continued work commander year later king counsel odd honour man longer worked lord appointed conditions claim pension war time retired lord claiming year resign required despite surprised dismissed general election hearing mentioned newspapers replacement lord appointed january controversial choice appointed unpopular large sections bar result wrote prime minister appointed said majesty feel sure established reputation men minds ensure country welcome second highest position occupied subject crown established strong partnership played legal reforms particularly relating law real property real property law english welsh legal system evolved immensely complex system understood small number lawyers particular meant land owned sold agreement involved partially settled land act land transfer act despite statutes reform area needed lord presented reform bills parliament real progress thanks opposition law society march sir created consider land policy world war scott working liverpool appointed member decided law changed merge real personal property law outdated aspects land law eliminated lord chancellor inherited problem english property law immediately instructed prepare department forcing bill parliament matter general agreement property law reformed process difficult interests involved law society example opposed changes reduce fees dedicated property earn making possible understand area law involved intense negotiation law society representative agreed period probation lasting years included bill chief considered good bargain bill finally got house_of_commons met additional opposition members parliament members lord cave later lord chancellor negotiations bill passed june taking credit law property act assisted attempts reform administration court system particularly preparation act committee set look reform supreme_court divided institution served member committee primary goal end patronage filled judicial system supreme_court resistant committee succeed making changes introducing mandatory retirement ages masters unable end patronage attempted reform increasing jurisdiction procedure known chairman set serving member commission concluded august lord chancellor office instead responsible courts committee final report basis correct problems appointed knight commander new year war honours summer coalition government member began splinter finally collapsed forced resign october replacement lord cave member new conservative government appointed october conservative government soon ran trouble desire introduce protect british jobs baldwin called early general election december serve referendum subject conservatives remained largest party members parliament claim parliamentary majority opening new parliament january party defeated vote confidence king instead invited labour_party form government caused constitutional problems traditionally member cabinet including prime minister prime minister king asked lord cave way problem expert constitutional issues helped draft response end determined sworn councillor invited form government member old conservative government cave left office january replaced lord serving second time sworn january favour creation privately suggested accepted responsibilities ministry condition remained control lord chancellor office ill labour government lasted months thanks publishing large scale reforms creation pushed collapse labour government october returned power lord cave lord chancellor second time november spending half years office cave time push significant reforms including law property act based act involved spent decade permanent secretary described contacts long service allowing greater influence policy decisions permanent secretary normally expansion lord chancellor office overseen gave greater opportunities delegate subordinates allowing time spend committees inquiries directly influencing way government worked result power influence grew dislike opposed way led conflict heads department reward continued service lord chancellor office order bath january new year honours lord cave resigned march ill health died day replacement lord appointed march tenure lord chancellor lasted barely year highlighted fact despite abilities politicians considered accepted offer lord chancellor likely prime minister particularly innovative lord chancellor short period august acted prime minister baldwin holiday chief adviser rarely went downing street happened time charge lord lord left office fall conservative government replacement member newly elected lord appointed june appointed advice served longer lord chancellor reforming lord chancellor reforms helped draft pass period question judge salaries arose caused constitutional crisis permanent secretary tasked ensuring courts ran correctly judges independent paid lord chancellor office recommended judges paid year increase failed appear economic hardships caused world war increase eventually implemented meantime high court judges lobbying increase pay stayed level produced report recommending pay increase economic prevented plan implemented economic crash led government passing national recovery act reduced salaries high_court judges judges expecting pay raise pay cut shocked high court judges threatened resign accusing having salary doubled years prime minister met write letter judges demanding soon heard rushed stop madness protests judges increased judges including threatening sue government negotiations judges failed bring end crisis section act cutting judges pay quietly dropped soon permanent secretary decided aim sure entire court system control office partially control partially control started recommended departments business like approach work spurred making attempt reform lord chancellor office persuaded set business courts lord friends committee sitting member lord attempted reform partially succeeded recommendations included appeals act sent appeals county courts straight court appeal attempted number jury trials civil cases reduced supported blocked took law reform lord decided set january consisted judges solicitor academic lawyers committee produced reports variety subjects recommendations legislation negotiations fell formed permanent law commission subject public attack lord lord chief justice december clerk found bill parliamentary papers clause allowed lord chancellor appoint lord justice appeal vice president right traditionally held lord chief justice immediately plans attend house_of_lords lord expected second reading bill question immediately second reading rose began speech violent attack lords criticised officials lord chancellor department listeners clearly meant specifically bill conspiracy power judiciary politicians civil service create speech provoked house public quarrel senior judges civil servants happened centuries especially traditionally calm collected place lord reading lord chief justice debate following friday lord time leader house_of_lords defence saying absolute scheme hatched showed proposal originated long permanent secretary addition report helped prepare clearly biased creation ministry opposed went praise author great reforms similar speech lord amendment bill helped lord returned power june election new government point health beginning decline limiting effectiveness second italo war alerted ambitions italy germany asked review defence legislation world war present fisher horrified outdated laws permission cabinet organised draft new code defence regulations later head served secretary committee described model piece organisation thanks work chairman regulations drafted committee eventually law passing emergency powers defence act lord left position failing health replaced lord appointed march appointment advice considered surprise real political experience admitted expected offered job difficult relationship especially start second world war differing political opinions play active policy decisions period partially disagreements partially preferred work legislation policy changes later said got lord simon lord resigned september giving failing health reason left post replaced lord day later held office months period spent large time preparing legislation second world war putting country war impact ability people civil obligations example chairman cabinet consider problems arising inability persons owing war conditions contractual obligations particular consider complaints mps government departments reports recommendations eventually wartime adjustment acts led committee drafted bill provided criminal proceedings relation behaviour soldiers stationed britain led military authorities british government lord forced leave position months fall government replaced lord simon took position simon frequently delegated accepted advice judicial appointments high_court influence committee appointments simon asked select chairman delegated chose sir retirement retired june year raised baron time retired served permanent secretary years lord records broken served high sheriff retirement undertook work austria tackled unexpected young man despite returned britain served treasurer took seat house_of_lords voice opinions legislation previously unable publicly tradition neutrality participated debates criminal justice act criminal justice act noted point gave subject continued play active public life helping reconstruct bombed second world war june fell ill old dinner taken died morning personal life met rector oxford friends shared love met merry daughter elizabeth married children son daughter death christopher attended killed western elizabeth later married king counsel dying
Claud Schuster, 1st Baron Schuster