born ben february american cartoonist editor comics advocate best known graphic novel work editor comics magazines arcade raw influential spent decade contributing artist new_yorker high profile controversial covers married designer editor father writer began career bubblegum card company mid-1960s main financial support decades created series 1960s 1980s gained prominence underground scene 1970s short experimental autobiographical work selection strips appeared collection turned focus book length relation father holocaust survivor book depicts nazis cats jews mice ethnic poles pigs took thirteen years completion won special pulitzer prize gained reputation pivotal work responsible bringing scholarly attention comics medium edited issues raw comics graphics magazine helped introduce talents prominent alternative comics introduced foreign english speaking comics world beginning 1990s couple worked new_yorker left work shadow towers reaction september attacks new_york advocates greater comics literacy editor teacher new_york_city lecturer promoted better understanding comics younger family history parents polish jews father born hebrew ben polish form known german occupation immigration united_states took william mother born hebrew hannah took anna immigration couple best known believed easier americans surname german mirror man son spelled died art born age holocaust parents sent stay aunt believed safe aunt poisoned young family members care nazis camps war unable accept dead searched europe hope finding talked having sort sibling rivalry ghost brother felt unable compete ideal brother threw got kind trouble relatives alive beginning world war known survived holocaust life career early life born ben stockholm sweden february immigrated parents immigration registered later given changed art initially family settled pennsylvania relocated queens new_york_city began imitated style favorite comic books mad honors student produced mad inspired earning money drawing time reached high school sold artwork original outlets talent caught eyes offered chance produce syndicated comic strip dedicated idea art expression turned commercial opportunity attended manhattan beginning met art director encouraged apply graduating high school received payment work newspaper graduated parents urged pursue financial security career chose instead study art philosophy got freelance art job provided income decades attended worked staff cartoonist college newspaper edited college humor magazine summer hired creative consultant making trading cards related products packages series trading cards begun began selling self published underground street corners cartoons published underground publications traveled san_francisco months underground scene beginning late winter suffered brief intense nervous breakdown cut university studies short said time taking great frequency spent month shortly got mother committed suicide following death surviving brother underground visits moved san_francisco underground movement developing produced period include infinity page booklet explicit comic strips vicar vice work vein fellow underground cartoonist work appeared underground magazines real pulp variety styles genres sought artistic voice number cartoons men magazines asked page strip issue funny sic wanted racism considered story african americans mice cats taking role instead turned holocaust parents survived titled strip depicted jews mice persecuted die nazis cats narrator related story mouse named story felt found voice seeing green autobiographical meets holy virgin mary progress inspired produce prisoner hell planet work dealt mother suicide appeared short order edited work went phase increasing formal experimentation quotes art form comic strip barely infancy maybe grow reprinted style parody crime fiction non day circuits single page strip alcoholism depression reader follows character multiple ending pathways suite cut panels soap opera comic strip way edited pornographic psychedelic book quotations dedicated mother edited called grains book quotations taught studio class mid-1970s underground movement encountering safe berth edited anthology arcade arcade printed lasted seven issues covers stood similar publications having editorial plan attempt comics connect broader realms artistic literary culture work arcade tended short concerned formal experimentation arcade introduced art ages past contemporary literary pieces writers moved new_york_city editorial work arcade shoulders cartoonist wife combined distribution problems retailer indifference led magazine demise time swore edit magazine architectural student hiatus studies paris arrived new_york looking comics practice reading english came arcade avant garde filmmaker friend introduced visiting immediately develop mutual interest moved new_york later year occasionally ran read prisoner hell planet felt urge contact hour phone led deepening relationship followed france return fulfill obligations architecture course introduced world comics helped find work returning ran problems couple solved getting married couple began yearly trips europe explore comics scene brought european comics circle friends assisted putting lavish collection experimental strips raw suffered poor distribution sales print run printing errors experience motivated gain control printing process took courses offset printing bought printing press print parts new magazine insisted launching publisher edited raw starting july issue subtitled magazine postponed included work established underground raw focused publishing artists virtually unknown avant garde introduced english speaking audiences translations foreign works intention creating book length work based father began interview father research visit concentration camp parents imprisoned nazis book appeared chapter time insert raw beginning second issue december father live completion died august learned steven_spielberg producing animated film jewish mice escape persecution eastern_europe fleeing united_states sure film inspired eager unfinished book come movie avoid comparisons struggled find publisher publication new_york_times rave review work progress agreed release collection chapters volume titled survivor tale subtitled father history book found large audience sold direct market comic shops 1980s dominant outlet comic books began teaching new_york continued teaching alongside heroes essay published print entitled historical aesthetic overview essay called high art published high low exhibition wake success patch kids series dolls created card series garbage kids similar packages series gross factor cards controversial parent groups popularity started gross children called autonomy financial freedom working company given relationship strained issues credit ownership original artwork auctioned pieces art created returning broke relation published issue closing chapter appeared raw second volume graphic novel appeared later year subtitle troubles began attracted unprecedented critical attention work comics including exhibition new_york special pulitzer prize new_yorker hired contributing artist worked new_yorker years cover appeared february valentine day issue showed black west indian woman man kissing cover caused turmoil new_yorker offices intended reference crown heights riot racial tensions led murder jewish student new_yorker covers published submitted number rejected outrageous new_yorker pages contributed strips collaboration titled children illustrator obituary titled abstract thought warm essay published creator called forms stretched limits form basis book cole called jack cole plastic man forms stretched limits year published rom version extensive material called complete illustrated poem called contributed essay getting touch inner racist september issue influence connections new_york circles drew political cartoonist article titled king village_voice accused power break cartoonist career new_york guy great book cartoonist responded sending forged email thirty professionals prank escalated launched suit million published legal action comics benefit book cover legal costs contributed cover cartoon shaped children book published open dog narrator tries convince readers dog pop ups attached edited issues children comics anthology contributions raw alumni children book authors post september present lived close site known ground zero september attacks destroyed immediately following attacks rushed daughter school anxiety served increase daughter situation created cover september issue new_yorker appears totally black close examination reveals towers slightly darker shade black positioned antenna breaks new_yorker logo towers printed black slightly darker black field employing standard color printing clear situations ghost images visible magazine light source critical bush administration mass media handling september attacks renew new_yorker contract later regretted leaving left protest magazine ran pro invasion iraq piece later year said parting new_yorker general disappointment widespread mass media bush era said felt like internal exile following september attacks media conservative welcome provocative art felt need create asserted left political differences widely reported new_yorker interested serialized work wanted project responded september attacks shadow towers commissioned german newspaper appeared american periodical feature collected work appeared september board book page spreads turned end read june edition article published muhammad cartoons controversy interpretations islamic law prohibit depiction muhammad canadian chain refused sell issue called drawing blood outrageous cartoons art outrage article surveyed dire effect political creators ranging spent time prison satirical work faced exile article promote racial caricature internal memo advised staff tell people decision based fact content published known demonstrations world response cartoons iranian president called submissions cartoons produced cartoon line prisoners led gas chambers stops look corpses says hilarious actually happening promote literacy young children encouraged publishers publish comics children disappointed publishers lack response self published line easy readers called artists promotes books teachers educational value jack box inaugural books reissued expanded edition including portrait artist young autobiographical strip serialized virginia quarterly review volume drawn nose appeared followed book length analysis dvd rom update earlier rom commissioned edit volume ward novels appeared collecting ward novels introduction project led touring novels called live music end traveled paris cologne vancouver new_york toronto book showed titled graphics appeared writers refused sit panel protest planned freedom expression courage award satirical french periodical following shooting headquarters earlier year agreed replacement hosts names comics writer retracted cover submitted edited saying issue new statesman management declined print strip strip titled notes amendment depicts muhammad believed rejection censorship magazine asserted intended run cartoon private life married july city hall ceremony remarried later year converted judaism father children daughter born son born style comic strip drawings function simplified picture words indicate suffers lazy eye lacks depth perception says art style result deficiencies style simplicity dense visual motifs unnoticed viewing sees comics condensed thought structures akin poetry prose need careful time consuming planning simplicity work prominently displays concern form pushing boundaries comics early underground era proclaimed time illusion shattered comics showing scene different angles time turning page projection comics experiment time space representation uses word express action reading comics sees comics functioning best expressed icons symbols stated primarily visual artist sketches said approaches work writer lacks confidence graphic skills subjects dialogue visuals constant revision reworked dialogue balloons times critic compared dialogue writing young ability jewish speech generations sound fresh convincing makes use new fashioned tools work prefers times work paper drafting table draws directly computer digital pen electronic drawing tablet mixes methods employing influences strongest influence cartoonist editor promoter new talent chief early influences include version short strip master race 1960s read comics graphic artists novels discussions making comics later acted inspiration comic book brown meets holy virgin mary motivated open include autobiographical elements comics acknowledges early influence says read age lists writers work stayed cites non narrative avant garde filmmakers drawn heavily including filmmakers makers beliefs prominent advocate comics medium comics literacy believes medium echoes way human brain processes information toured lecture called examining history cultural importance sees comics low status late 20th century having come 1930s 1940s comics tended appeal older audience adults following advent mid-1950s sees comics potential having rise underground late 1960s taught courses history aesthetics comics schools new_york editor raw helped propel careers younger published work students work published raw originally turned class assignments described politically firmly left secular divide 1st amendment supporter free speech opposed hate speech laws wrote critique harper controversial muhammad cartoons issue banned chapters stores canada criticized american media refusing reprint cartoons reported time shooting non practicing jew considers anti called israel sad failed idea told religious identified alienated culture called statement interpreted identification jewish spirit championed greatest creative figures legacy large body work comics medium far autobiography comics critics considered work popularized bestseller widely written popular press quantity critical literature far work comics examined great variety academic viewpoints little understanding context history comics credited lifting comics popular culture world high art public imagination criticism tended ignore deep roots popular culture roots intimate familiarity devoted considerable time promote belief comics best expressed iconic manner particular influence student september themed new_yorker cover placed sixth magazine covers previous years inspired numerous graphic novel means expression including joint bbc documentary televised raw artists appeared video documentary comic book confidential played episode husbands knives animated television series simpsons comics creators european documentary appeared later english title art directed mainly featuring interviews awards playboy editorial award best comic strip italy foreign author print regional design award print regional design award print regional design award award france prize best comic book prize sweden fellowship germany special prize pulitzer prize letters award album reprint album previously published work los_angeles_times book prize fiction prize best comic book norway best foreign album prize honorary inducted french government des arts des time magazine influential people grand prix letters membership author anthology strips open dog plastic man forms stretched limits shadow towers portrait artist jack box nose mix retrospective comics graphics editor short order grains book quotations arcade raw city glass graphic novel adaptation paul novel narrative corpse little lit comics ward novels
Art Spiegelman