army romania main component recent years major equipment overhaul transformed nature force founded november november participated world war russian empire forces actions despite initial setbacks won decisive battles world war august romanian forces supported axis powers fighting soviet_union eastern august end war romania fought germany control soviet_union communists seized power second world war army underwent reorganisation following romanian revolution shortage funds units disbanded equipment phased likewise romanian military capability declined lack fuel training late 1990s number positive changes come level combat readiness growing greatly military budget grown times rising million dollars billion dollars conscription abolished completed mission land forces represent important component execution military actions terrestrial character zone direction independently romanian military branches conduct operations defensive offensive battles capture destruction invading enemy national multinational military structures units compose current operational structure able conduct military operations outside national territory international military forces history attempt create independent romanian army revolution based rapidly ordered troops ottoman forces swept stop revolution romanian war independence current formed immediately unification commanded romania request russia romanian army fused russian forces led king carol fought romanian war independence participated siege battles won war suffered casualties world war romanian army didn face actions second balkan war entered second balkan war bulgaria allowing romania annex known troops met little resistance bulgaria considered major conflict romanian history historical claims land area longer belongs romania world war july romania declared war germany austria-hungary following initial success major russian offensive armies eastern romanian armies entered austro hungarian empire russian forces german forces command general stalled attack november drove time austrian turkish troops invaded southern romania forcing country war central powers drove deep romania conquered south country including end romanian forces led marshal retreated north east romania summer aided future marshal general successfully defended remaining territories german austro hungarian forces led field marshal august von general led victories july august august september result russian revolution romania left isolated unable continue war forced sign treaty central powers later germany agreed treaty versailles article renounce benefits provided treaty successful offensive bulgaria war romania entered war november day end west hungarian romanian war world war proclaimed union result april newly established vowed retake region force hungarian troops attacked romanian formations defeated hungarians conquered august subordinate 6th 7th april disbanded order earlier structures generals nicholas april march commissioned general pop prominent military leaders wrote interwar period commanders large scale opera unanimous praise divisions 16th 17th 20th infantry divisions rapid marked international situation especially neighboring romania september recently founded world war general later marshal took power september romania signed pact axis powers subsequently took operation expeditionary force invaded soviet_union southern ukraine alongside expeditionary force composed june 2nd comprised 6th 7th infantry divisions separate artillery battalion unit air_force consisted 5th fortress brigades army group level major general controlled 9th 10th infantry divisions additionally formed service eastern offensive conjunction enabled romania retake territory immediately east saw major battles advanced axis forces deeper soviet territory greatest disaster romanian expeditionary force eastern came soviet counter offensive november spread forces army deployed north deployed south attacked vastly superior soviet forces suffered combined losses personnel april romanian forces led general elements responsible defending soviet took battles late august entered eastern romania august coup led king michael romania deposed marshal set pro soviet government estimated royal coup shortened war romania months romania soon declared war nazi_germany fourth armies pressed action remnants romania took prague offensive cold war soviet occupation romania led complete reorganisation supervision onset pro german elements romanian armed forces divisions formed romanian volunteers prisoners war trained soviet_union war communist activists tudor command colonel command general later served minister defence units formed nucleus new soviet control postwar reorganisation included cavalry arm disappeared force disbandment november cavalry division seized political power army commenced supervision new minister defence thirty cent officers officers experienced soldiers potential source opposition military involved copying soviet model military political organisation changing military doctrine combat defence context romania integration strategic system soviets beginning cold war early 1950s reached level rifle tank division rifle divisions converted motor rifle divisions reductions strength began force size dropped motor rifle tank divisions motor rifle divisions formed motor rifle tank division figure remained way rest cold war country divided major military regions west east south respectively wartime land forces military region army corps headquarters armies succeeded military regions armies known 3rd military region based 3rd military region april april 1980s land forces numbered personnel thirds armies appeared exist army army land forces consisted infantry divisions 1st 2nd 9th 10th 11th 18th tank divisions mountain infantry brigades airborne brigades according year history modern romanian artillery 1st army consisted 1st 57th tank 2nd 9th 10th 32nd tactical rocket 2nd 18th 4th mountain 11th 6th tank 37th rifle divisions organized soviet model rifle regiments tank regiment complement infantry soldiers artillery air defence regiments divisions provided specialised fire support enabled rifle tank regiments maneuver air defense regiments consisted anti aircraft artillery battalions surface air missile sam battalion composed batteries late 1980s artillery regiments rifle tank divisions included artillery battalions multiple rocket battalion surface surface missile battalion surface surface missile battalions divided batteries equipped missile operated thirty eighteen missile launchers tactical missile introduced replaced non soviet armies proven fairly inaccurate combat frog missiles ineffective weapons carrying conventional high explosive tipped nuclear chemical devastating according romanian official writing romania produced chemical agents delivered battlefield missiles post communist era early 1990s major units disbanded lot equipment phased scrapped severe shortage funds land forces structure reorganized armies territorial corps regiments battalions mid-1990s situation land forces critical military budget times lower million dollars equipment older years armoured vehicles missile units non operational lack fuel training level combat readiness military capability extremely low entire land forces operational government took action military budget increased greatly equipment commenced officially program armed forces began april present organisation manpower army comprised combat combat support brigades combat combat support brigades case crisis units force plan currently military personnel civilians comprise armed forces total men women romanian military undergoing stage restructuring short term stage completed reorganisation command system implementation voluntary military service year marks end second stage operational integration nato date long term stage completed technical integration nato stages aim structure armed forces reducing personnel acquiring newer improved technology compatible nato standards romania abolished compulsory military service october came constitutional amendment allowed parliament military service optional romanian parliament voted abolish conscription october vote military reform programmes romania agreed joined nato march structure peacetime commander land forces minister defense wartime president romania supreme commander armed forces main combat formations romania romanian land forces fielded division 1st division june 1st 4th divisions known 1st turn called prior personnel having reduced considerably order reach compatibility nato standards renamed reorganized divisions joint command renamed received units 1st divisions current chief succeeded major general january official day celebrated year april equipment completely overhauled equipment past years replacing modern main battle tank infantry fighting vehicle modern native equipment german anti aircraft systems commissioned ordered army delivered military police december iii armoured vehicles iii variant high mobility vehicles ordered deployment iraq afghanistan equipment summary evolution special forces led establishment 1st special operations regiment august headquartered later 6th october composed special operations battalion battalions battalion famous trained unit 1st special operations battalion legally created late graduates selected members special forces battalion courses abroad green course course courses special forces battalion fully operational company commissioned current romanian reconnaissance battalions considered special forces units formed 1960s communist regime revolution units suffered lack funds resulted temporary disbandment equipment completely overhauled past years combat readiness capabilities regained strength rapid intervention squad elite special operations unit currently belonging special unit inside military formed highly skilled individuals large percentage members champions martial arts athletic disciplines december secret international missions following troops deployed abroad personnel withdrawn personnel battalion personnel guard detachment personnel reconnaissance squad personnel afghanistan additionally special forces squad personnel training detachment personnel deployed training romanian revolution firing ranges training areas closed abandoned lack funds currently military schools training units directly central headquarters military high schools military academy officers school training schools training battalions past years lots training exercises took place romania balkan allied countries exercises took place largest modern training firing ranges military facilities europe total surface area square kilometres announced december troops stationed time form joint task force east training base ranks insignia distinguishes career paths officers warrant officers enlisted men marshal rank given wartime president romania fact romania coming officers rank history kings ferdinand held rank marshal romania king carol held simultaneous ranks marshal
Romanian Land Forces