black black small black insect genus broad soft body member order common names include leaf warmer months year found large numbers leaves growing tips host plants including agricultural crops wild ornamental plants winged forms exist time year females suck stems leaves cause distortion shoots plants reduced yield crops acts cause plant disease encourage growth mould breeds live birth numbers kept check especially later summer predatory parasitic insects ants feed produces active steps remove enemies widely distributed pest agricultural crops controlled chemical biological means autumn winged forms different host plants males females produced mate females lay eggs taxonomy specific black comes latin meaning plant feeds subgenus lists subspecies description black small soft bodied insect specialised piercing suck juice plants usually seen large numbers tiny insect millimetres long small head abdomen body dark green colour adults devoid wings state known winged forms known longer slender shiny black heads wings held angled body antennae thirds length body legs pale yellow colour black tips hind legs swollen egg laying females near rear abdomen pair slender elongated tubes known function production defensive twice long finger like tail brownish black black sexual generations life cycle hosts different times year primary host plants woody shrubs eggs laid winged females autumn adults die eggs hatch eggs spring females known stem mothers able reproduce giving birth live offspring lifespan female days period produce young offspring females able reproduce mating generations usually winged forms migrate secondary host plants completely different species typically plants soft young growth takes place new hosts leaves growing tips offspring female time year large populations develop rapidly winged forms produced summer winged individuals develop response disperse new host plants crops number predators parasites built populations cease expand autumn approaches winged forms migrate primary host plants males sexual females produced mating takes place females lay eggs complete female lay black eggs survive temperatures low eggs probably survive winter eaten birds flower bugs fail hatch spring host plants black feed wide variety host plants primary hosts eggs shrubs tree species mock orange species secondary hosts spends summer include number crops including sugar beans runner beans potatoes tobacco tomatoes different species cultivated wild plants shows preference species fat album docks conflicting factors involved host preferences species age leaf offered leaves growing plants year winged moved depending active growth state host plant late summer autumn leaves old comparison leaves spring young leaves attractive damage black major pest sugar crops large numbers cause plants beans suffer damage flowers pods develop properly early crops avoid significant damage number builds spring heavily infested plants removal stems distorted harmful transmitted crop result leaves sugar swollen roll cease developing roots grow poorly sugar content reduced plants leaves distorted growth affected flowers action toxic injected improve flow obtain protein need suck large volumes excess fluid plants promotes growth reduce surface area plant available reduce value crop thirty plant variety original source infection instrumental spreading virus crop chemical treatments available kill organic use solution soft soap ecology natural predators black include adults larvae larvae certain species tiny parasitic lay eggs inside developing wasp larvae hosts inside members wasp genera behave way provide measure control ants climb host plants feed species ants developed enable protect encourage black garden ants example remove predators vicinity keeping cows safe test plot field beans plants black yielded average seeds plant ants yielded seeds ants averaged seeds plant distribution black originated europe asia widely distributed species found temperate areas western_europe asia north_america cooler parts africa middle_east south_america warmer parts range individuals survive winter continue reproduce year round
Black bean aphid