persecution persecution religious persecution inflicted followers faith persecution occurred history discrimination harassment began form sparse violence forced conversions muslims recorded destroyed fire temples living muslim rule required pay tax called places worship destroyed built place libraries burned cultural heritage lost gradually increased number laws regulating behavior limiting ability participate society time persecution common widespread number believers decreased significantly converted escape systematic abuse discrimination law land family converted islam children islamic school learn arabic teachings children lost identity converts islam persian language flourished occasion clergy assisted muslims deemed times persecuted deemed according persecution pivotal sense identity jewish communities understood appreciation reality anti experience exclusion taken account persecution muslims islamic conquest arab invasion subsequent muslim conquest mid 7th century persia modern day iran politically independent state spanning dominated majority official state religion pre islamic persian empire passed decree arab invasion abruptly brought end religious domination persia instituted islam official religion state muslim conquest persia given status subjected discrimination harassment began form sparse violence paying subjected insults humiliation tax collectors captured slaves wars given freedom converted islam fire temples arch openings usually turned simply setting prayer niche place arch nearest direction temples converted manner found near persian cities urban cities arab governors quarters vulnerable religious persecution great fire temples turned citizens forced conform flee libraries burnt cultural heritage lost gradually increased number laws regulating behavior limiting ability participate society life difficult hope convert islam time persecution common widespread number believers decreased significantly converted escape systematic abuse discrimination law land accepted islam employment industrial work according work involved fire according muslim missionaries encounter difficulty explaining islamic tenants similarities according arnold persian meet names family converted islam children muslim religion school learn arabic teachings children lost identity factors continued contribute increasing rates conversion islam persian scholar commented die suffer determined impose religion understand 10th century 7th century persia succumbed invading arabs death slain year defeated battle line came end faith state religion thousand years deposed islam took place national religion persia following centuries faced religious discrimination persecution identified muslims making unfit live alongside muslims forcing evacuate cities face major sanctions spheres life subject public humiliation dress regulations labeled exclusion fields society education work persia remained predominantly awarded status status practices contrary islam prohibited persian capital province today known iraq fell muslims islamic conquest persia military command palaces archives burned according account arab commander ibn wrote ibn asking books wrote books hand agreement needed sufficient huge library destroyed books product generations persian scientists scholars thrown fire nearly captured persian taken slaves sold arabs called meaning foreign voice protest came enslaved persian assassinated city south religious center stiff resistance arab invaders residents slaughtered hanged ruled syria followed persecution increased 8th century reign late predecessors conquered state tax imposed official language persia arabic instead local persian officially decreed non muslims excluded governmental positions iranian muslims time started new tradition islam appear partly iranian religion pointed iranian great influence muhammad prophet myth created son fourth married princess named lady land son fourth muslim started branch islam iranian muslims believed islam derived beliefs easier convert instance religious oppression recorded arab governor appointed commissioner supervise destruction iran regardless treaty obligations quoted saying milk milk suck blood ibn general appointed head great army lead expedition way general ordered captives hanged sides road victorious arab army pass attack present day failed established control orders ibn beheaded blood mixed water produce day meal vowed extent brutality represented running people blood days fed army bread bloody flour remained invincible majority migrated india rest converted islam gradually followed dynasty came power help iranian muslims persecution increased significantly temples sacred fire destroyed rule status persian lands reduced people protected state generally considered people book non believers result granted rights status jews christians iranian muslims welcomed court denied access grounds bodies hardly family able avoid conversion islam employed lavish patronage persian muslims proved deadly foes according persian governor banned publication persian order forced bring religious books thrown fire result literary works written script disappeared reign time minority iran instances era particularly reign destroying fire temple replacing mosque followed lived leadership high priest king iraq political center state institutions viewed royal government family suffered destruction closely associated power structures clergy quickly declined deprived state support nobility voluntarily converted islam reign approximately years arab conquest fire temples found province persia including areas control according fire temples baghdad time historian baghdad born arab wrote comprehensive treatise history geography records conquest time continued exist parts iran countries came relatively late muslim sway regions early provinces muslim empire iranian provinces according fire temples found says fire temples iraq added list general statement fully supported medieval mention fire temples iranian towns 10th 20th century beginning 10th century small group living town province greater decided iran longer safe religion decided india traveled island years preparation set sail india landed coast year lived years great difficulty learned local language presented case hindu king region return promises behavior allowed settle kingdom refugees accepted conditions founded settlement said named city origin near present day left iran nearly years earlier consecrated fire years coming attracted iran individually come years settled parts western india group followed second group years time having religious addition mountain folk initial groups said initially called group said come overland present day iran smaller different parts iran region india wave bringing ways performance ceremonies rituals start india lived peace relationship accord community exists western india currently contains largest concentration world legends ancestors migration india depict band religious refugees escaping harsh rule muslim invaders order preserve ancient faith epic poem story account early years settlers indian recent times aware extent oppression ancestors iran endure difficult time period faced repeated persecution forced conversion kings sought accept islam forced convert killed branded addition earlier century period witnessed sporadic campaigns conversion focusing blame economic minorities involvement export example known early 16th century great king settled number suburb new capital suburb lived called derived word europeans visited court left accounts insulting term muslims agree poverty simplicity lives fearing muslims hid sacred fires newly invented dialect called later kings tolerant persuaded decree conversion refused killed accounts written period demonstrate subjected harassment majority places worship constant threat destroyed visited longer able practice religion freely notes deprived brought forced muslim years earlier visiting notes hardly left ruins dynasty named predicted fall dynasty army forecast spared conquering army khan despite aforementioned favorable incident dynasty remained population continued decline rule founder dynasty killed taken captives regard period worst foreign visitors iran time commented situation traveller jackson noted lived constant fear persecution muslim lives danger spirit islam broke witnessed according wall houses lower muslims prohibited marking houses distinctive signs forbidden new houses repairing old ones methods minorities according law member family converted islam entitled inheritance forbidden taking lucrative community regarded food considered public places refused serve allowed touch food fruits threatened forced conversions beaten religious regularly persecution norms daily life attacked beaten muslims streets murders punished times girls kidnapped converted married muslims brought town fanfare subjected public discrimination dress regulations allowed wear new white clothes compelled wear dull yellow alluded distinguishing badge allowed wear compelled wear long robes called cotton feet winter wearing long trousers hat boots winding tightly carrying watch ring forbidden rainy days allowed carry appear public water run bodies muslims men carry large place feet visiting muslim home prevent carpet forbidden riding horses allowed ride facing muslim general riding horses lifted misery pay heavy religious tax known sources record method designed person compelled stand officer receiving money sat high throne receiving payment officer gave blow neck drove roughly away public invited watch spectacle arab tax collectors mock wearing rip hanging cord faithful corruption tax officials times twice times official figure collected receive share families afford paying children beaten tortured religious books thrown fire term came conditions convert declared muslims picked islamic names secret continued practices today group known response persecution segregation policies community closed static cease rule recorded villages surrounding city near today village near local people known killing site reflect lineage survivors 1850s french ambassador iran wrote left miracle save extinction descendants people day ruled world extent oppression ventured hazardous journey india afford voyage aboard ships lives crossing hostile desert foot india recognized sheltered formed second major indian community known iran news plight reached time prosperous funds set help iranian dispatched iran philanthropist sent help found capital iran influence british government managed repression removed paid minority removed pressure government present islamic revolution equally traumatic remaining numbers reduced drastically immediately revolution muslim revolutionaries walked main fire temple removed portrait prophet replaced iran regarded united_nations non governmental organizations world worst offenders freedom religion alongside saudi_arabia members religious minorities law practice barred elected representative body seats reserved minorities provided constitution holding senior government military positions suffer discrimination legal system receiving lower awards injury death lawsuits heavier muslims muslim men free marry non muslim women marriages muslim women non muslim men recognized persecution minority groups viewed hierarchy consequently persecuted leaders ruler launched campaign culminating massacre killing adherents including restored orthodox state religion accounts specify way death states thousand buried alive feet upwards order present spectacle human garden hanged upside shot countless arrows stories specify methods execution case proceeded implement far reaching social administrative reforms disappeared massacre later instances clergy assisted muslims clergy considered persecution christians according living christian rule noted undergone notably long conflict persia christians living held territory noted destroyed fire temples places worship christian priests deliberately extinguished sacred fire characterized adherents followers wicked serving false gods natural elements
Persecution of Zoroastrians