german nationalism austria german nationalism german political ideology historical current austrian politics arose 19th century nationalist movement german speaking population austro hungarian empire close ties germany views nation state ethnic germans possibility incorporation austria course austrian history austria-hungary second austrian political parties groups expressed pan german nationalist sentiment national liberal pan parties termed camp german austrian politics traditionally ranked mainstream catholic conservatives far right political party representation austrian parliament pan roots second world war pan idea political union germany association rising tide civic austrian national identity imperial period context rising ethnic nationalism 19th century territories multi ethnic german national movement german sought creation implementation anti semitic anti clerical policies attempt german ethnic identity starting revolutions ethnic groups imperial rule including italians poles demanded political economic cultural equality traditionally german speaking population empire enjoyed societal privileges dating reign son german considered empire empire elite consisted primarily german speakers struggle ethnic groups empire german speakers defined social political landscape empire 1870s compromise granted renewed sovereignty dissolution empire world war austrian defeat unification known prussian german speakers empire felt excluded german nation state whilst empire tearing fabric conflict germans grew particularly tense minister president include german government party considered main representative german speaking middle class went accuse party fighting rights german speakers empire german formed protect german language schools parts empire german speakers minority promoted establishment german language schools communities public funding non german schools consortium german nationalist groups intellectuals published demanded recognition german empire complete empire manifesto signed radical german nationalist vienna populist pro catholic royalist mayor jewish social democrat diverse signatories manifesto split revised add founded later society demanded annexation german speaking territories austria-hungary prussian led german empire rejected form austrian pan ethnic identity radical racist german nationalism especially popular educated professors grammar school teachers students school tried counteract sentiments encouraging civic pride cult personality emperor efforts largely unsuccessful vienna mayor tried dismiss city school failed national minded students identified prussian led german chancellor victor members pan german movement wore blue known favourite flower german emperor william german national colours black red yellow symbols temporarily banned austrian schools contrast german club accepted dynasty sovereignty austria majority german nationalists liberals adhered moderate ideology german nationalists protested minister president language decree german czech official languages required new government officials fluent languages meant practice civil service exclusively hire educated knew german way support catholic politicians clergy reform triggered launch away rome german movement initiated supporters called german christians leave roman_catholic_church 1880s pan movement fragmented splinter parties factions radical formed later transformed austrian wing pan parties contested elections decade 20th century include broad coalition ethnic german national liberal political parties known lit formed contest election went gain seats lower house council german replacing previously dominant despite victory loose coalition little unity ranks collapsed height world war seventeen scattered german liberal national parties combined dissolution austria-hungary end world war led total pan movement dissolution austria hungary end world war saw collapse austro hungarian empire german speaking parts empire established new republic german austria german republic proclaimed principle self determination american president fourteen points provisional national assembly convened november austria proclaimed assembly drafted constitution stated german austria democratic republic article german austria component article phrase referenced establishment lands intended unite german speaking austrians german nation state completing plan held yielded respectively favour unification germany despite world war drafted treaties versailles strictly attempt german austria unify germany gave lands claimed german austria newly formed nation states example giving provinces republic lands having german speaking prevented nation state instead trapped nation states play fundamental rise pan interwar period member served chancellor german austria proponent idea penned unofficial anthem land german austria wonderful country born southern lands claimed german austria instead given republic despite background signed treaty saint september established allied drawn borders new austrian republic formally attempt unify german speaking lands austria-hungary germany german austria changed austria removing hint pan sentiment state social democrats forget pan roots regarded exaggerated sympathy whilst republic viewed exaggerated suspicion republic period austrian republic pan represented greater german people party initially influential groups soon lost voters social democrats accepted unification austria germany forbidden treaty saint conflict develop supported austrian national identity rooted german nationalism social democrats problems republic supported concept democratic republic german austria period onward social democrats consider austrian instead german nationalists supported austrian national identity austria word german attached conservative largely imperial army officers priests affiliated words historian democrats austrian austrians democrats groups german nationalist democrats austrian nationalist conservatives decade republic ultimately austrian nationalist faction overthrow democratic republic establish regime rooted protection right wing paramilitary groups active republic rooted austrian nationalism affiliated conservative inspired italian german nationalist faction faction notable homeland protection leader attempted government september directly modelled march rome failed instantly lack support groups subsequently founded german later merge idea annexation austria germany attempt create principle ideas austrian branch seen descended radical branches pan movement nazis greater german people party formed joint working group eventually merged period symbols banned austria austrian nazis resumed earlier pan tradition wearing blue nazis firmly fought regime chancellor orchestrated assassination continued battle successor strongly supported leader support independent austria seen discussion prince important austrian nationalist leader said germany permitted austria necessary maintenance europe day austria falls germany mark beginning european chaos party echo sentiments continue struggle independent austria nazis germany austria intended quickly annex austria homeland leader adolf_hitler attempted bribe low ranking leaders attempted bring fold effect merging prominent nazi figure charged effort believer independent austria rejected merger proposal said don talk austria austria living corpse called austria austria collapsed blessing particularly german people given chance create tensions nazis worsened culminating july nazis attempted overthrow government whilst managed assassinate chancellor quickly crushed police army aftermath conflict social democrats ruling led austrian civil war later year defeat outlawed entirely tandem continued campaign violence propaganda nazis regime rallied support idea nazi campaign ultimately successful hitler annex austria historical aim pan movement austria achieved pan fully absorbed second republic end second world war austria established independent state german nationalist movement links nazi regime dominant parties new republic christian conservative austrian promoted austrian independence considered idea greater germany members nazi party banned political activity pan liberal camp later revived form german der fought laws imposed allies represented interests nazis soldiers federation transformed 1950s 1960s german nationalist movement represented affiliated organisations active universities type student fraternity helped spread german nationalist liberal views inside liberal wing grew overtake pan wing austrian patriotism gradually incorporated party ideology party leadership participation coalition government social democrats pan faction weakened contrast assumption party leadership considered triumph german nationalist faction right wing stress pan traditions cost votes percent austrian citizens identified germans branded austrian national identity ideological construct going far refer german launched austria petition claimed years later classical austrian patriotic party earlier statement influence german nationalism present seen hostile actions slavic minorities austria conflicts bilingual road sign hostility immigration european integration traditional greater german ideas replaced german austrian concept considering austrians german origin tongue real austrians summarised amalgamation traditional german nationalism austrian patriotism presently pan wing minor faction fewer seventeen percent voters questioned existence unique austrian national identity german nationalists including refer cultural germans stress importance identity ethnic germans contrast distinct austrian national identity members parliament reaffirmed party root pan tradition symbolically wearing blue austria national colours red white initial meeting caused controversy media interpreted flower nazi symbol
German nationalism in Austria