international mathematical international mathematical annual problem mathematical pre college students oldest held romania held annually countries send teams students plus team leader deputy leader observers content ranges extremely difficult pre problems problems branches mathematics conventionally covered school university level complex geometry functional grounded number theory extensive knowledge required allowed solutions required principle basic understanding mathematics understand problems solutions require great deal knowledge supporters principle claim allows creates incentive find elegant simple looking problems require certain level selection process differs country consists series tests admit fewer students progressing test awards given lowest percentage individual contestants teams officially recognized scores given individual contestants team scoring unofficially compared individual scores contestants age registered institution subject conditions individual participate number times history held romania held year year cancelled internal strife initially founded eastern european member countries soviet influence later countries participated eastern origin hosted eastern european countries gradually spread nations sources differ cities hosting early partly leaders generally housed away students partly competition students stay based city rest exact dates cited differ leaders arriving students recent arriving leaders students performed exceptionally winning multiple gold medals gone notable participants won awards fields medal january google gave million organization donation helped organization cover costs global events scoring format examination consists problems problem worth seven points maximum total score points allowed examination held consecutive days day contestants half hours solve problems problems chosen areas secondary school mathematics broadly geometry number theory require knowledge higher mathematics analysis solutions short elementary usually disguised solutions difficult prominently featured complex numbers construction oriented problems recent years popular participating country host country submit suggested problems provided host country reduces submitted problems team leaders arrive days advance contestants form jury responsible formal decisions relating contest starting selecting problems jury aims order problems order increasing difficulty leaders know problems advance contestants kept strictly separated observed country marks agreed country leader deputy leader provided host country leader team country submitted problem case marks host country subject decisions chief coordinator ultimately jury disputes resolved selection process selection process varies greatly country countries especially east asia selection process involves tests difficulty comparable chinese contestants camp usa possible participants series easier standalone competitions gradually increase difficulty usa tests include american mathematics competitions united_states_of_america mathematical competition right high final competition team selection summer camp like china countries soviet_union eastern european countries team past chosen years given special training specifically event methods discontinued countries ukraine instance selection tests consist comparable difficulty schedule identifying winners results current selection considered awards participants ranked based individual scores medals awarded highest ranked participants slightly fewer half receive medal minimum scores required receive gold silver bronze medal respectively chosen numbers gold silver bronze medals awarded approximately participants win medal score seven points problem receive honorable mention special prizes awarded solutions outstanding involving good problem happened bulgaria frequent early 1980s special prize awarded student came brilliant solution question inequality involving rule half contestants win medal broken cause total number medals half number contestants happened choice contestants excluding north_korea medal choice contestants medal choice contestants medal penalties north_korea disqualified cheating 32nd 51st country accused cheating debate north_korea actually cheating especially 51st recent future 51st held july 52nd held amsterdam netherlands july 53rd held del argentina july 54th held colombia july 55th held cape_town south_africa july 56th held thailand 57th held hong_kong held brazil held romania 60th held 61st held russia notable achievements following nations achieved highest team score respective competition china times participation year soviet_union times hungary times united_states times romania times west_germany times russia times bulgaria iran south_korea following nations achieved members gold team china times united_states times russia times south_korea bulgaria countries entire team score perfectly united_states coached member team perfect score success earned mention hungary won unorthodox way team members received gold medal silver bronze second place team single gold medal winner silver bronze individuals consistently scored highly earned medals july successful participant gold medals including perfect score bronze medal united_states participant win gold medal times time germany germany thailand participants won gold medals respectively received bronze medal silver medal silver medal bronze medal silver medal west_germany singapore participants win medals gold romania managed write perfect paper points gold medal times anybody history competition times participated time soviet_union highest scoring female contestant history gold medals points missing point achievement australia participated winning bronze silver gold medals respectively won gold medal turned thirteen youngest person time receive gold medal feat matched holds distinction youngest medalist bronze medal alongside bronze medalist peru age respectively representing united_states won gold medal perfect paper age note participated multiple times following success entered university ineligible countries best time results follows media coverage documentary hard problems road world toughest math contest team bbc documentary titled beautiful young minds aired july bbc fictional film titled released september tells story boy took official official web site old central web site resources resources problems solutions largest collection problems world
International Mathematical Olympiad