july vietnamese general helped future emperor rebellion unify vietnam establish came power high ranking serving emperors born family peasants near joined prince fighting rebellion military ability quickly rose ranks army marshal war ended foundation served high ranking later southern vietnam governance greatly stabilized helped develop southern vietnam turning wealthy peaceful region addition opposed emperor ascension defended christian missionaries converts emperor policies attitudes brought conflict led posthumous tomb provoked adopted son revolt court later emperor successor restored tomb early life born present day regional town far south vietnam parents ordinary peasants ancestors came central vietnam southwards expansion born poor family tended childhood attracted possibilities new south family moved general year old prince nephew slain lord senior member family survived revolt brothers seized southern vietnam result loyalists fled dense far south later commander onwards military balance fluctuated enemies frequently attacked later known forced flee island escort times changed hands began organizing commanding unit individually recruited enlisted men tide began turn favour french catholic priest befriended hope young prince gain power special privileges religion recruited french military officers fight recaptured relinquished transformed city fortress began consolidating hold surrounding area attacking view eliminating general point accompanied master military campaigns continuous warfare ensued centred near south central coast besieged strongholds engineered naval victory turning point war heralded complete collapse year close colleague killed battle leading fly insane rage start killing enemy soldier came leading shortly exploited absence army attempting recapture lead army attack capital encountered heavy resistance forces sea gate entrance citadel seeing forces breach defense frontal attacks ordered lead naval division attack defense complex rear deputy chat defeated army forced commander prince consort van tri flee paved way assault citadel declared emperor capturing appointed position marshal king left division general ordered attack controlled northern vietnam october captured north renamed northern citadel marking ultimate victory strategy french military tactics technology recruited played important role success foundation dynasty served high ranking general new imperial capital central vietnam emperor appointed time held jurisdiction southern vietnam post significant powers precise description head responsibilities survives day rights northern counterpart included power decide lawsuits appoint dismiss officials report court acting discretion trusted fellow deputies locally bred men ran north allowed entourage develop strong support base population gave rule tried expand support base south appointing newly arrived chinese refugees fled homeland fall dynasty rebels administrative posts qualified encouraging integration participation society system time military governors moved different posts individual units commanded years count fidelity supported young brother rose seized throne forced incumbent flee approval entered army troops forced army retreat reinstated built territory order maintain vietnamese jurisdiction nation formally adding prestige addition domestic governance effective stabilized south prompted people white tiger trusted acted emperor european merchants government delegates visited vietnam early 1820s dispatched delegation seek british officials attempt buy arms party got lost storms arrested washing burma remained advocate foreign policy entrenched advocating alliance burma expressing confidence vietnam defeat dominate southeast_asia emperor summoned order suppress widespread rebellions central vietnam northern vietnam putting revolts time joined forces rebel leader highlands minority group man adopted son men rallied court propelled directly high ranking post final years reign ascended highest rank court people present emperor died decreed command royal regiments central vietnam southern vietnam emperor successor emperor enhanced powers allowing power oversee foreign trade coming area collect taxes imports exports discretion gave control vast economic resources fertile agricultural lumber rich region importantly land development southern area populated ethnic vietnamese recent centuries immigration clearing development land rapid beginning second period suppressed revolt local people enlisted thousand new generating large new revenue source court supervised renovation canal important southern vietnam successful suppressing unrest criminal activity increasing foreign trade southern vietnam works greatly stabilized developed southern vietnam turning wealthy peaceful region recognition service rewarded belt jade prestigious gift system usually given emperor tribute monarch official honour great service princess adopted son wife involved internal palace involved bitter rivalry general northern vietnam commander leading generals assisted dispute later soldier served caught military camp captured claimed man confessed sent assassinate hand charged wife having relationship eldest son executed drowning action effectively ended claim vietnam throne descendants according report informed quarter affair korean historian described event dramatic event illustrating loyalty conflict lot tension enlisted european support claim throne allowed missionaries function vietnam gratitude ran classical administration expressed dismay catholic condemnation traditional ancestral worship basic vietnamese culture converted subsequently refused bow ancestors instead shrine died smallpox war assumed son succeed son second wife appointed instead chose strong character deeply conservative lineage converted catholicism traditions ancestor worship told son treat europeans especially french grant position disliked high ranking opposed succession plan southern associates tended favourable christianity supported installation descendants result held high regard catholic community said head region enjoying substantial autonomy good reason prefer empire ruled death immature monarch according scholar gentry background lacked classical education place great emphasis tradition concerned military needs result interested maintaining strong relations europeans acquire weapons worrying social implications speculation worried year old heir young manipulated forget eastern roots mature aged aware fact catholic clergy opposed installation began place restrictions catholicism enacted catholic religion condemned christianity doctrine saw catholics possible source division especially missionaries arriving vietnam increasing numbers role war role recruiting european assistance protected vietnamese catholic converts policies emperor orders defense christians wrote teeth rice missionaries gave came response imperial ordered missionaries leave areas operation imperial city ostensibly palace needed reality stop catholics government officials central northern vietnam complied order forced time meantime southern christians publicly identifying beliefs facing obstacles local officials said point view men land thoroughly sheltered prestige policy criminals rebels courted conflict century nascent years plagued revolts particularly northern central vietnam resulted large number rebels captured common criminals people usually internally exiled opposite country large number ended southern vietnam included rebels spared death penalty defeated northern central vietnam campaigns late sworn loyalty general personally men sent south wives children remove potentially rebellious areas punish objective start military colonies help develop southern vietnam recently acquired ethnic vietnamese given equipment work land later pardoned employed surrendered officers positions authority policy continued shortage manpower came power wanted continue policy wrote permission rejected emperor replied policy like releasing monkey climb tree placement rebels positions power contrary system order prestige state concerned 1820s continued cultivated relations immigrant chinese community settled southern vietnam large numbers brought conflict general adopted chinese immigrant merchant son gave including appointing position body regulated trade japanese historian concluded entourage given financial rewards gifts chinese merchants return favourable treatment government officials pointed men businessman chinese agent time southern vietnam producing rice plentiful quantities export banned prices vietnam lower overseas kept rising parts country years meantime supply kept increasing thought chinese merchants illegally rice higher prices bringing return journeys incoming immigrants general disagreed prevailing view held emperor said people races engaging illegal trading blaming incoming immigrants personal chinese merchants bringing historian said viewpoint plausible speculated emperor stance borne fear consequences chinese influence country reality illegal trading wanted tax concessions newly arrived chinese immigrants deemed impoverished encourage immigration speed development region emperor reasoning difficult genuinely determine need concession system open tax concessions granted involvement illegal rice tried ban chinese engaging sea trade easily merchants exploited contacts fraudulent vietnamese wives died able crack fraudulent sea trade time attitude stature south forced moderate policies allow preaching christian missionaries increased tension pair anxious autonomy father granted emperor began slowly wind military powers attempt wear power base gradually removing general close aides sent aides central vietnam serve education officials south objectives oversee imperial examination process education system allow determine serve government fill southern ranks men acceptable court attempts blocked incumbent officials returned capital years later failure closest subordinates indicted officials charged trading rice black market operating stop legal proceedings angrily tried turn tables calling emperor execute accusing official ended stalemate years later transferred northern vietnam later imprisoned unable matter south position taken emperor men resisted removal regional official palace leading emperor proclamation declaring court appointments came following year executed convicted criminals informing capital leading emperor saying ultimate authority decide questions life death belongs court suffered blow ally appointed run died general nominated subordinate replace colleague overruled instead appointed post emperor formally asked cooperate appointed post minister putting general chain command effectively making irrelevant regards running death began military infrastructure sending component units parts vietnam sent loyalist general allowing power addition government reports officially approved sent capital civil officials sent south emperor moves southern autonomy gradually increased resentment sentiments local population family personal life wife named apart adopted son named married princess daughter typically described stern hot tempered fair man feared respected people lower level military officers speak directly higher officials later accounts portrayed strict ways negative light according later imperial official fatally beat dogs beheaded senior local officials reason regarded eccentric raised members hill tribes act servants kept exactly chickens dogs home returned official residence assignment ordered tiger dogs march nephew french military visited government mission said great talent battle administration people fear loved people fair famous love vietnamese classical opera court dancing popular common vietnamese reportedly gave long speech praising manner emperor beat drum order encourage actors actresses performing known patronage goddess spirits popularly local folk religions addition instructor code ceremonial conduct customs copies royal rituals representative british government visited described man liked dress manner similar peasant constituents said intelligent look possess considerable activity mind body face round soft features beard bears considerable resemblance old woman voice feminine informal manner caused difficulties administration second emperor government oriented classical father younger regarded southern entourage older military officials felt uncomfortable court time went seen direct frank man dealings seen vague expressing thoughts attributed dependence military officers war years required blunt grew dealing court scholars establishment regarded quiet monarch visit capital found imperial court uncomfortable surrounding colleague court recruits civil officials wants proper ruling system rise world military background know straight expression quick action violating manners official rules originally different better positions avoid possible mistakes fellow southern general chat resigned positions emperor rejected offers wanted post capital given suspicions court general launch palace coup unlike vietnam past sent southern vietnam far royal seat death legacy july died age buried present day tomb called tomb marshal local people death opened way apply policies south subordinates lacked influence court emperor tried reduce followers political power post putting south direct rule making holder post soon death new arrived took local administration new officials launched investigation reported aides engaged corrupt abusive practices result led investigation ordered posthumous humiliation resulted tomb execution sixteen relatives arrests colleagues attitude led adopted son break prison start revolt emperor suppressing revolt supported invasion lasted years briefly took control south emperor tomb inscription lies resisted law placed ruins tomb remained disrepair reign emperor restored tomb emperor turned tomb national monument establishment colony continuously despite french policies vietnamese imperial system ritual customs yearly celebrations attended politicians allowed continue despite legend southern vietnam appeared dreams fisherman famously led peasant army french colonization advised fight foreigners thanks donations number colonial government officials members business elite tomb renovated extended south vietnamese rule considered great national hero image appeared prominent streets named contrast held low regard current government role expansion french influence vietnam line communist designation feudal fall tomb dilapidated lack state maintenance streets named honour renamed attitude remained unchanged current government tomb renovated allowed play portraying life performed publicly widely regarded southern vietnamese people important local hero described popularity follows matter indigenous vietnamese chinese settlers christians residents long paid enthusiastic tribute favorite southern local hero gorgeous shrine located able find place residents regardless ethnic religious backgrounds regard local hero reverence popular culture generals called tiger generals vietnamese folk culture people usually regard honorable left division marshal following office marshal dynasty army left division holder time named
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