pronunciation possible meaning pale yellow mountain highest point range north south line mountains north lakes highest point england access easier higher peaks scenery includes deep glacial sharp topped ridges eastern volcanic rocks mountain formed ancient volcano violently explosive million years ago period ice age rocks carved glaciers create seen today end ice age small populations arctic alpine plants survived favourable spots rock high eastern rare britain species alpine butterfly live mineral veins deposits lead ore exist rocks attempts find sufficient quantities lead worth mining successful tourism successful industry area years visitors drawn lake mountain scenery way early visitors poets lived nearby period routes mountain possible approached directions view extensive clear day view stretch scotland wales traversing mountain dangers years number fatalities artist famous death edge achieved life human feats mountain landing small summit topography broad plateau roughly north west south east kilometre lower man start edge distance remains high west ground drops gently eastern deep glacial backed high cliffs separated spectacular sharp ridges middle contains like main ridge range stands watershed river system west river system east streams west drain directly apart flows parallel valley east great reservoir built constructed capture water directed reservoir failing spring called exists summit west highest point head nineteenth century constructed direct water spring gill north serve needs fallen gill led named map authors referred appears distinct shoulder mountain seen west largely grassy places coniferous plantations lower slopes planted land reservoir north stretch beneath north west ridge loose covering places deep rocky eastern drain water brown cove unite form flows lake drains lake village enclosed edge edge deep mid nineteenth century dam built increase capacity supply needs near dam gone returned natural size contains brown trout species found bodies water second reservoir built edge lower man valley provided water generate hydroelectric power lead dam place water leaks base remains dam seen water leaks freely unclear natural writers refer cove north edge ridges total ridges summit ridge different points north west ridge continues insignificant reaches shore separating valley reservoir finally rising wooded height great terminus north ridge main ridge range descends passing white raise sticks pass terminate head north east ridge known sharp joins summit ridge point half way terminates pyramid east ridge sharp known joins summit ridge southern end far summit passes subsidiary high leads descending final south end south ridge continues main ridge range terminate county boundary cumberland lay ridge meant summit highest point making subsidiary tops routes plantations west intake walls surrounding valleys east open access land routes begin villages east south number places road west follow mountain ridges ridges neighbours gills shoulders west range choose routes eastern ridges edge popular route involves linking summit ridge summit sharp edge begins hole wall stretches summit plateau starting point accessible hole wall prominent gap stone wall ridge gate missing today gap filled ladder crosses wall initial ridge relatively rounded solid path running right hand changes reaching high highest point ridge point narrow path continues close ridge increasingly narrow follow path right hand continues near end ridge switches left hand continue ridge forced descend awkward short final rock tower rejoin path point ridge connects main reaching summit plateau involves steep walk scramble rough rocky terrain known abyss author popular series mountain guide books late 1960s climb summit away edge notorious accident spot winter conditions climb edge summit plateau involve crossing steep ground snow dangerous walk ice axe presents obstacle january died falling ridge separate incidents walker died falling edge edge offers shorter equally exciting scramble similar sharp main path comes linked surprisingly level path hole wall making ridge equally accessible ridge walk extended include summit climb summit plateau known accident spot winter involves climbing snow steep ground number accidents spot recent years making dangerous edge pike east ridge gives alternative route combined scramble bypassed taking path joining ridge approaches east long safe easy walk good path follows track takes old pony track south ridge second walk takes safe route away ridge south ridge similar long safe easy walk follows road past old lead cove track old pony track join main ridge path col raise white south ridge starting point south ridge reached raise path alongside old pony track takes safe route away ridge avoiding intermediate tops suitable weather interesting scenic route follow edge closely possible tops western approaches shorter quicker routes attractive scenery begin points road west mountain combined create circular walk incorporating south ridge route restore scenic interest starting point approached main ridge track north routes lead old pony route took safe steady route benefit early visitors took horses guide inn route traverses flank white join ridge col lower man route known originally marked stones painted white crosses lower level join path start direct route modern pedestrian highway paved necessary joins main ridge possible routes begin church winds traverses slopes arrive ridge col routes follow gills shortest route follows gill past old lead better descent warned weak avoid longer routes included traverse length range direction greater sense climax starting north ridge track route completed mountain bike challenging hour circular route miles road miles road riding begin finish mill bridge near included circular walk edge sunday climbing routes popular area winter climbing steep contains graded routes shaped right hand face known viking couple lead summit routes including large edge cove western mountain north facing routes easier access car park linked routes fell employs fell winter months usually december march working alternate weeks walks day period check weather snow walking conditions report daily photograph appear weather forecast website phone line service includes local weather forecast fell assessments photos twitter information important people climbing winter helping plan routes idea mountain conditions wild camping people camp year near gives good views edge edge summit camping england illegal permission landowner tradition wild camping tolerated long people camped night left trace summit summit takes form broad plateau sloping gently south west dropping abruptly north east cove smooth large summit small able land history highest point sea level small rocky marked loose times known high man higher man nearby cross shaped stone shelter north ordnance survey point slightly lower summit view clear day extends hills south west scotland north west north east coast south west hidden largely hidden great pillar group subsidiary north west summit small compared plateau offers better views north west ground falls away history tourism centuries walked parts course work late eighteenth century people visited mountain pleasure recreation earliest accounts ascent pleasure contained quotes account unnamed gentleman wanted eat dinner day sitting man left home morning rode left horse house valley started walk mountain morning hours hot hard work reached snow summit snow covered dust dig clean snow eat dinner returned different route reaching hours leaving story reflect colder climatic conditions eighteenth century called little ice age poets artists early visitors beginning nineteenth century lot years lived near august barely month moving went visit friends william taking route arriving evening days later brother john friend simpson trip setting breakfast returning home evening year later october william sister rode inn returning way recorded glorious day sun views extended scottish mountains sea poem mountain dwelling celebrating power old mountain dedicated ascent summit speaks summit wide awake celebrates poet artists portrait deep thought clouds summit painted example early casualty mountain artist slipped fell edge april months later shepherd heard dog near red went investigate found skeleton hat split dog attendance initial newspaper reports dog survived eating remains dead master quickly forgotten regarded martyr romantic ideal dog celebrated attachment fidelity long dead master sir wrote poems scene painted memorial stone erected quotes poem fidelity small tourist industry began grow mountain providing guides accommodation visitors published visitors described view summit claimed gave complete view point recommended good place stay guide hired moderate charge went describe climb view described ascent taken far stakes undertaking final foot trying nerves said real danger ridge fool hardy knows story mentioned routes west head shortest far inn advertisement book placed king head inn claimed guide readiness inn fatality edge commemorated memorial killed following ridge landing small landed summit plateau took plane flown test pilot worked plane manufacturers near manchester ground party cleared marked landing strip attempts december december abandoned december accompanied president attempt landing problem steep slope strong plane stopped quickly professor witnessed landing difficult plane edge summit insufficient picked speed narrowly missing edge return manchester stone tablet yards south shelter commemorates landing ecology mountain birds include raven common ring bred immediate area frequently encountered time eagles probably mountain bred steep cliffs day gone having persecuted extinction east important sites remnant populations arctic alpine plants species ear able survive combination rocks rich basic minerals harsh micro climate grazing sheep cliff populations small introduced recovery plan classic high altitude low nutrient levels poor number species supports characteristic vegetation zones include water shallower areas deeper water inlet species include grows water rush brown trout species found grassland range heavily years supports diversity acid grassland species including sheep summit ridge middle slopes bent lower slopes scarce butterfly alpine species butterfly found britain acidic areas water common common basic support greater diversity species summit eastern mountain covers area hectares acres designated area geological biological features responsible choosing tries ensure management use area sustainable geology rocks formed margin ancient continent period intense volcanic activity period roughly million years ago lies geological structure interpreted evidence volcanic semi circular series faults sweep eastwards encompass major north south fault west line road formed eruption exceptional magnitude produced series flows fast moving currents hot gas rock buried district roughly km2 beneath places succession known widespread volcanic formation eruption huge quantity emptied chamber beneath volcano led collapse rocks form lowest oldest rocks western roughly lowest formation densely member individual pieces semi lava flattened weight deposits contemporaneous movement boundary fault produced thick deposit member deposit sandstone deposited water break succeeded thick deposits found rocks deposited water probably lake volcanic rocks eroded structures rocks suggest faults active layers indicate ongoing higher east covering rocks consists representing series flows found boundary faults mainly western half highest surviving rocks found summit crest formation confined limits represents return erosion deposition lake layers rock showing entirely finished late occurred years present northern england covered ice sheet small number ice short period glacial conditions returned years known britain younger current ceased flow past british isles small valley glaciers formed north east facing valleys including east results seen boulder gravel valleys spectacular steep sharp formed rock eroded sides adjacent glaciers glacial conditions ended suddenly years current established processes seasonal freeze conditions present past produced stone stripes sheets summit ridge reason area included mining unsuccessful attempts find lead ore brown cove high head disused remain couple levels ran opened gill operated succession different owners driving levels barren rock explore mineral veins finally closed acquired land reservoir tons came probably insufficient cover costs little seen levels entrances destroyed closed remain covering gill old miners path self acting lower ore dressing floor old winding drum house narrow diverted water gill seen higher names earliest known record dates early records spelling variations modern help etymology attempts interpret past present spelling thought final welsh word lake proposed celtic word equivalent welsh word meaning yellow recent place studies accepted yellow struggled understand regarded yellow mountain colour celtic languages perceived differently way seen described modern english example spectrum colours primary gentle bold colours related landscape context blues whites particular diverse differentiated english people relied system gained ability assess value grasses distance moving stock summer appropriate colour terms grasses progressively green spring advanced yellow hill names bright colour describes hills distinguished grasses appear pale winter grasses common range area practiced particular grass specifically notes possible connection areas late snow cover grassland high altitudes range describing mountain pale yellow meaningful celtic context lower man mountain tops distinguished low man lower man high man higher man drawn labelled view range found edge edge mountain place names steep sides reference edge edge map called edge possible edge replaced earlier lost edge ridge causes ridge wind snow edge steep dialect variation possible explanations mean place mountains wind snow
Helvellyn