uprising uprising bulgarian rebellion bulgarian incompetent rule emperor bulgarian nobility revolt mainly failure central authorities confront menace north eastern bulgaria looted ravaged bulgarian population decades especially region weakness state institutions result accelerating process peasants leader said contemporary byzantine proved successful general charismatic leader months rebellion defeated armies personally battle later triumphant entry capital married maria widow late emperor forced nobility recognize emperor bulgaria byzantine emperor tried exploit situation favour intervened bulgaria sent son emperor claim bulgarian throne head large byzantine army simultaneously attack north forcing fight fronts defeated besieged important fortress absence nobility opened gates managed break siege fled byzantine_empire sent large armies attempt turn fortunes war defeated bulgarian rebels balkan mountains meantime nobility capital proclaimed emperor magnate enemies diminishing support constant warfare fled court seek aid eventually murdered legacy rebellion endured bulgaria byzantium years demise peasant emperor pseudo appeared byzantine_empire enjoyed wide support populace background political situation bulgaria following demise large began decline result succession infant emperors internal struggles nobility north country faced constant invasions defeated shortly death regency agreed pay annual tribute avoid devastation invasion led collapse loosely held confederation western foundation golden long term political strategic consequences bulgaria bulgarian allies supplied bulgarian army auxiliary cavalry golden proved hostile entity south bulgaria lost large portions macedonia escaped initial attacks lands north west including belgrade conquered bulgaria descended civil war relative established south eastern bulgaria proclaimed emperor nobility simultaneously hungarian noble origin established title emperor bulgaria recognized constantine emerged victor year long reign bring stability bulgaria remained separated central authorities regularly campaigned north eastern bulgaria looting countryside economy year seized constantinople restored byzantine_empire major adversary bulgaria south constantine broke leg hunting incident waist disability weakened control government fell influence second wife constantly involved relatives byzantine court later left state affairs wife actions secure succession son alienated nobility internal situation rise internal political development bulgaria 13th century resulted rising number increase power landed nobility turn led aspirations self rule influential nobles established semi independent nominally recognized emperor greatly reduced capacity central authorities deal external threats second half 13th century losing personal privileges benefit secular religious feudal lords turn reduced peasants income opportunities lives parallel inability terminate constant incursions north east country shattered pillars state institutions contributed outbreak uprising swift success raids carried semi independent chief powerful legitimate ruler golden ruled modern ukraine situation native north eastern bulgaria likely area near began population revolt called contemporary byzantine vegetable real known note attached gospel byzantine historian stated took care pigs money historian notes pigs major livestock product time large herd elite local community claimed visions god lead people contact heaven saints fact deliberately swiftly gain support followers religious villagers came seen god given course rebellion initial victories rebellion broke spring summer north eastern bulgaria devastation strongest summer confronted defeated unit victory followed soon autumn driven bulgarian territory having achieved bulgarian arms decades popularity reputation rose quickly followers increasing number nobles discontent empress maria hailed emperor people regions came control end constantine finally took measures confront rebels gathered small army advanced slowly travel injury attacked defeated force killing emperor close associates rest army joined rebels personally claiming emperor honour battle triumph began seize country fortified cities surrendered recognized emperor spring capital remained control byzantine intervention recognition byzantine emperor left constantinople situated close byzantine bulgarian border order monitor events exploit situation bulgaria favour demise came shock byzantines initially considered daughter eventually decided favourable install protégé candidate son emperor sought asylum byzantium possessed estates promptly married daughter pledged allegiance proclaimed emperor bulgaria byzantines sent gifts bulgarian nobles support envoys dispatched arrange recognition surrender meantime marched north head byzantine army besieging faced adversaries maria initially tried negotiate succession son byzantine emperor insisted surrender surprise byzantines maria entered negotiations offered hand bulgarian crown condition guarantee rights sole successor contemporary chronicler accuses maria ignoring moral duty late husband fact decision driven hatred uncle considered desire hang power reluctant accept proposal claiming maria offering force eventually conceded peace avoid civil war clear giving receiving spring entered triumph married maria proclaimed emperor bulgaria inexperienced state affairs failed consolidate authority nobility capital concerned influence maria deal overwhelming challenges byzantines dispatched troops command support attack north open war fronts vigorously prepared forces counter adversaries managed gain support nobles campaigns byzantines left summer marched northwards defeated pushing danube river situation south dangerous byzantines launched attack wide pass black_sea failed cross mountains defenders held defeated reinforcement sent despite huge efforts numerical superiority byzantines gains high cost instance fortress seized assaults castles fell heavy casualties invaders bulgarian commander stan fell defence associates distinguished war battles led personally successful fought autumn gained upper hand forcing byzantines abandon campaign byzantine morale low gave quarter wrote fall hands equivalent death situation south control confront second attack north time faced elite forces khan prevailed besieged important city southern bank danube month siege bulk rebel army engaged north started negotiations nobility convinced local dignitaries recognize claim beginning byzantine army disembarked near set capital supported unit commanded elite spread rumours perished fighting opened gates byzantines protégé proclaimed emperor maria time bore child exiled constantinople consolidate support nobility new monarch married sister bulgaria powerful influential feudal lords estates centred awarded high court title felt rise expense deserted joined cause meantime fighting rebels byzantines continued bulgarian forces cut following byzantine landing heavy clashes erupted eastern balkan mountains new especially pass pass bulgarian positions surrounded north south byzantines fortresses cost time casualties strongholds remained permanently engaged large byzantine forces spring managed break blockade besieged advance took supporters surprise took measures protect protégé summer sent strong army command engaged invading host june pass despite outnumbered ensuing battle near fortress achieved complete victory byzantines perished battle commander rest captured killed orders month later byzantines sent army troops led engaged eastern august long combat defeated byzantines personally killing process said fought fury achieving feats battles end rebellion demise byzantines defeated authority shaken wife secretly fled taking byzantine imperial insignia kept treasury bulgarian victory battle infuriated couple refused grant audience days nobility refused open gates instead elected emperor devastating effect rebels despite military successes threat dealt capable secure support bulgarian nobility unify country overwhelming forces byzantines result followers disillusioned endless wars prospects peace began abandon cause diminished support crossed danube loyal associates including seek aid initially received news whereabouts reached constantinople sent rich gifts court ask assistance expressed interest issue months kept promising help eventually byzantine influence prevailed leader married illegitimate daughter feast seated sides pointed words enemy father emperor deserve live ordered execution duly murdered spot fortunate avoid similar fate advocacy eventually returned estates died aftermath legacy enjoyed huge popularity borders bulgaria years death pseudo appeared byzantine_empire bulgarian claimed arrived constantinople offered services emperor fight turks asked empress maria verify man husband exposed detained populace demanded release turks feared byzantine emperor calculated lose allowed march turks gathered huge army peasants concern byzantine nobility feared revolt coup emperor summoned pretext imprisoned years later bulgarian real appeared byzantine empire claiming given army combat turks victories captured killed bulgaria decades following end rebellion marked lowest point decline reigns successor characterised constant interference state domestic affairs progressive imperial authority favour feudal bulgaria lost lands south balkan mountains byzantines position regain regions fortunes country changed better son bulgaria acquired byzantines bringing stability prosperity legacy rebellion failed rebels fight overwhelming odds byzantines bulgarian nobility ultimately unsuccessful uprising achieved recognition leader emperor aim popular revolts medieval europe failed socialist bulgaria rebellion portrayed social movement feudal system foreign invaders modern bulgaria revered fighter freedom social justice evidence followers intended conduct social reforms fact rebellion supported nobles married hated empress maria indicates main factor incompetent rule emperor constantine bulgarian historians praise heroism rebels evaluate uprising bright patriotic achievement bulgarian people able gather wide support social classes bulgaria defend troubled country external enemies remembered heroic ruler tragic figure represented ideal good rebellion popular recognizable bulgarian historical events numerous pieces art dedicated opera composer based inspired revolutionary tragedy dedicated uprising colour feature film director based novel drama throne prominent bulgarian poet writer town modern southern bulgaria village near city named rebel leader statues cities dedicated monument commemorating victory byzantines battle situated south east town memorial named stone guard listed monuments history bulgaria timeline summer defeated autumn driven bulgaria end army defeated emperor killed spring enters capital marries life maria crowned emperor bulgaria summer autumn warfare byzantines victory byzantines defeat besieged beginning nobility opens gates byzantine supported iii spring breaks blockade flees constantinople june strong byzantine army defeated battle august strong byzantine army defeated eastern beginning elected emperor nobility flees eventually murdered
Uprising of Ivaylo