fungus family fungus forms grey fruit bodies grow clusters like species spore bearing surface underside cap differs species having characteristics elongated spores green stained potassium endemic new_zealand mycorrhizal association red beech unknown exactly fungus forms fruit body far found solely autumn description published dna studies fungus suggest somewhat basal member genus fungus likely native species new_zealand present arrival europeans rare possibly threatened listed endangered species taxonomy unknown species discovered valley near wellington new_zealand fungus found place discovered morphological comparisons molecular analysis species genus suggested fungus attributed known representative genus described new species species description appeared journal authors chose epithet based characteristic fungus mycorrhizal swollen hyphae smooth spores member subgenus genus genetically clearly differentiated representative genus according investigations cooper separated relatively early precursor known species north american species branches phylogenetic tree earlier relationships species fully resolved study future new species described description fruit bodies usually grow rarely individually centrally cap cap convex measuring wide high young specimens cap edge slightly bent cap older fruit bodies cap cuticle gray color texture ranges smooth slightly spots stained darker eventually club shaped cylindrical slightly tapering base cap height thickness stipe smooth dry surface firm texture inside similar color cap shows responses damage white hymenium thickness turns brown bruised millimeter square pores dried hymenium color pinkish brown hymenium extends slightly stipe sharply defined dried tissue similar morphology described types likely microscopic characteristics structure hyphae hyphae serve growth fungus cap viewed microscope clearly differentiated consists layer oriented hyphae lying thick brown covered small irregularly shaped green stained potassium characteristic genus consists swollen hyphae thick thin walled filled oil clamp connections layer structures measuring basidia arising sides hyphae cylindrical club shaped size base basidia light brown thin spores situated spores uneven flattened ends elongated shape average measure distribution known range limited narrowly defined areas new_zealand areas near wellington northern locations relatively far away isolated absence rest new_zealand makes unlikely species recent import likely species native new_zealand overlooked earlier surveys rarity southern member genus sole known member genus closest relatives found asia costa_rica ecology occurrence strongly connected occurrence southern beech species endemic new_zealand found exclusively forests spread new_zealand fungus forms mycorrhizal association trees hyphae fungal wrap roots tree penetrate cells subsequently takes function root hair directs water soil nutrients tree return fungus contact root tissue access products tree fruit bodies species far found end autumn little known habitat requirements humidity temperature soil composition water content species occur largely conform demands tree species prefers hills river valleys usually grows nutrient rich drained soil species likely found inland coastal regions status according cooper fact found years european settlement new_zealand illustrates rarity species possible late discovery caused rare authors assume species occurs sparsely attributed human activity data population trends historical distribution fungus exists cooper consider species accordance naturally uncommon cited literature cooper jerry associated
Boletopsis nothofagi