database contains analysis chess positions typically computer chess engine play human computer game played contains game theoretical value win loss draw possible possible position moves achieve result perfect play acts providing optimal moves typically database records possible position certain pieces remaining board best moves white black generated analysis working backwards position chess positions pieces including kings solved august solved chess position seven pieces positions lone king versus king pieces omitted considered solutions profoundly advanced chess community understanding theory positions humans analyzed draws proven analysis find mate moves far horizon humans capability computer play reason called question rule positions seen exist win drawn rule enhanced competitive play facilitated composition studies provide powerful tool board games like chess variants exist game specified assumed chess background physical limitations computer hardware aside principle possible solve game condition complete state known random chance strong solutions produce perfect play position known simple games crosses draw perfect play connect player wins weak solutions exist somewhat complex games perfect play sides game known draw known position created perfect play perfect games chess starting position solved game complexity vast computers evaluate possible positions reduce game complexity researchers modified complex games reducing size board number pieces computer chess oldest domains artificial intelligence having begun early 1930s proposed formal criteria evaluating chess moves designed primitive chess playing program assigned values material mobility program played chess based manual calculations competent chess programs began develop exhibited weakness playing programmers added specific example king center board comprehensive solution needed proposed creation database solve chess analysis instead analyzing forward position currently board database analyze backward positions player chess computer longer need analyze positions game solved longer mistakes played best possible published doctoral thesis analysis following classes thompson database match versus helped extend cover piece including particular published thesis research piece recent contributors included following people popular named adapted concept program called academic published extensively collaborated analyze seven pieces board constructed specialized seven piece versus world online match completed endings including july named set endings including completed august high speed generating named size seven man pieces available free download web external links requires storage space generating depth conversion depth mate creating programmer choose metric words define point player won game position defined distance number moves desired generally depth mate way win game depth conversion stronger win capturing material converting simpler example conversion occurs white captures black discussed depth depth rule count zero rule mate capture support rule april man generated generation code available download difference understood analyzing right white proceed depends metric according metric white capture leads immediately position certainly win moves actually contrast according metric white mates moves difference typical usually smaller metric leads quickest exceptions occur weaker king unusual knights versus defending material capture capturing material good capturing defending results draw step generating possible positions metric chosen step generate positions given material example generate king queen versus king computer describe approximately unique legal positions levy newborn explain number derives symmetry argument black king placed squares square position considered equivalent symmetry rotation reflection difference black king corner resides number legal remaining squares placing white king squares white queen product positions illegal impossible symmetrical reflections actual number somewhat smaller position situation separately white black assuming white queen positions white wins forced moves positions draws stalemate loss queen additional piece added number unique positions factor approximate number squares occupied pieces increase complexity symmetry argument reduced forward sideways rotation vertical reflection board produces fundamental change nature position best calculation symmetry achieved limiting squares pieces located squares respect complexity times number pieces step evaluating positions analysis explains process generating follows idea database possible positions given material note preceding section positions black white mate black stop white giving mate white reach position black stop giving mate away mate positions connected mate found positions linked mate shortest path database means apart optimal moves moves path perfect white leads quickest mate black leads slowest mate analysis necessary positions positions need worked position reached position draw figure illustrates idea analysis white mates moves leading position figure mate mate figure figure white second defined mate figure white mate regardless black plays finally initial position figure mate moves leads directly figure defined mate process links current position position existed earlier continue indefinitely position evaluated win loss certain number moves end analysis positions designated wins losses necessarily draws step generated position evaluated result verified independently purpose check self consistency results example figure program sees evaluation mate looks position figure sees evaluation mate consistent evaluation figure inconsistent figure need corrected captures promotion special moves piece rely piece result piece captured similarly containing able rely deal new set material promotion queen piece analysis program account possibility capture promotion previous assume possible reasons practical assumption correct allowed convention composed problems studies second king original squares allowed ambiguity necessary separate states possible ambiguity exists capture possibility depends opponent previous practical applications occur frequently account possibility positions sides information according method described allow possibility given piece occupy squares positions possible restrict search space affecting result saves resources enables searches impossible early analysis type published black bishop moves dark squares example position right position following assumptions piece captured look resulting position corresponding pieces example black captured look newly created position white stays capture moves handled 1st rule black stays capture moves handled 1st rule result instead searching locations reducing search space factor quicker calculation designed commercial program called allows users build new existing information program produce positions seven pieces blocked seven pieces generally available applications correspondence chess correspondence chess player consult chess computer assistance provided competition allows piece analyze occurred correspondence game versus world players analyze board play game competitive players need know ignore rule according rule moves passed capture player claim draw changed rules times starting allow moves moves insufficient win allowed seventy moves seventh rank uncovered positions requiring moves win canceled exceptions restored rule original standing identify position won lost fact drawn rule changed rules correspondence chess tournaments starting player claim win draw based man case rule applied number moves mate taken consideration designed produces results consistent rule search theoretical limits forced mate requires moves computer chess knowledge contained computer tremendous advantage computers play perfectly winning position complicated purpose programs use game theoretical value positions number moves conversion mate reveal position won lost draw data compressed reveals position won making difference lost drawn game example program type fits piece mere fraction require computer chess experts observed practical use addition ignoring rule computer difficult position avoid losing ending opponent practically win knowing adverse effect premature resignation inferior line play loses resistance play offer require lot memory store thousands positions use advanced compression techniques require hard disk space piece endings piece endings require approximately estimated seven piece require storage space computers play better overall memory devoted instead ordinary search evaluation function modern engines analyze far ahead conventionally handle elementary needing suffering horizon effect complicated significant effect engine performance developed released april form use chess program search variety consists tables smaller table win draw loss contains knowledge rule larger table distance zero capture tables designed small fit solid state drive quick access search form use root position choose game theoretically quickest win instead performing search available piece endings piece endings supported engines including theory contexts rule ignored answered longstanding questions certain combinations material wins draws following interesting results emerged proposed black draw entering defensive fortress demonstrated general win maximum maximum chess maximum moves knights win percent positions maximum moves despite equality material player wins positions maximum maximum player check usually wins analyzed 1900s won strongest cases respectively revealed lengthy wins longest win moves shown amazing position right white wins starting reported moves later found moves years position held record longest computer generated forced mate composed mate moves problem albeit illegal starting position discovered position astonishing moves twice long maximum moves previous record position wrote big surprise great tribute complexity chess later similar position shown august released preliminary results analysis following seven piece positions sight appear non example position win black moves white eighty moves position white optimal defense black studies composed studies deal positions exist checked studies cooked proved composer solution work equally effective alternative composer consider way cook studies change evaluation instance queen bishop versus thought draw proved win queen bishop studies based example composed study right white play win intended main line discovered wins white moves black capture best case capturing black loses moves loses moves incidentally recognize composer solution includes cooked studies assisted creation studies composers search interesting positions method called data mining piece piece complete list mutual published controversy allow studies composed assistance composing composer expert summarized debate opinions widely frequently adhered strongly extreme view certain computer pointless attempt distinction simply evaluate study content reference origins extreme view mouse lift interesting position ready computer generated list sense composing outlaw position agrees approach continues thing clear distinction classical composing computer composing preserved long possible associated study claim authorship international master chess trainer author took stance commenting study published reached position right introductory moves drawing white based mutual occur moves later comments touch delicate question sure unique position discovered help famous computer database flaw diminishing composer achievement yes computer database instrument available doubt probably extract unique positions chess composers regularly standard evaluation result achieved based complex computer analysis content sharp ideas probably interest certain play chess god website maintains link data headline reads play chess god long wins struck similar note wouldn better learned chess yesterday sort chess chess chess imagined computers moves awesome scary know truth god like revealed meaning life don understand word nomenclature originally called data base database appeared journal starting 1970s today according journal word connection chess according source contains complete set information database lack information prefers term table articles authored term database magazine nonetheless mainstream chess community adopted common books written books based detailed analysis john secrets endings isbn john secrets endings 2nd isbn john secrets endings 2nd isbn tables
Endgame tablebase