potentially active sea sky country british_columbia north vancouver british_columbia canada located southernmost recognized peaks region british_columbia best known volcano lies heavily eroded dome complex occupies southwest corner overlooking town major pleistocene age volcano north_america known formed considered cascade range human history indigenous people people local indigenous people territory mountain called language means dirty place mountain refers muddy water mountain like located area considered sacred plays important history oral history passed story flood covering land time mountains peaked water mountain remaining survivors flood peak waited waters mountain serves weather indicator people clouds cover face mountain signals coming rain snow cultural ceremonial use hunting trapping plant gathering occur area important resource material called black volcanic glass knives sharp tools pre contact times material appears sites dated years ago time periods source material found upper parts mountain area higher elevations surround mountain range later history british explorer captain reached june european mountain time met traded local natives area carrying survey board royal_navy survey ship captain impressed gigantic mountain dominating view northeast captain richards officers renamed mountain italian military political leader year succeeded italy sicily naples august vancouver reached summit views peak inspired establishment summer climbing camps lake early interest led creation park reserve large wilderness park called provincial park named square kilometre park established protect rich geological history diverse vegetation waters abundant wildlife rugged mountains capped glaciers skiing caught 1940s vancouver began search glaciers rugged mountains park early skiing limited easily reached area winter club group completed possible ski famous don completed lots tracks additionally canadian reported ski attempt friend north lake trip importantly period road built near small community north end howe sound better vehicle approach highlands near easier access vancouver spent time glaciers mount result formation 1940s overnight adventure weather permitting include fine descent subsidiary peaks broad mount contains named peaks highest peak named mountain reaching sea level second highest peak sharp pyramid southern edge summit plateau reaches height lies southwest end peak named leader ascent lowest rounded high west highest summit peak named guides ascent feature north mountain known tent reaches lies minor summit south mountain high known resemblance hawaii site ski proposal small lodge derelict northwest lies outside western boundary sticks warren northeast mountain height northeast rises south mountain height southwest lake southwest end volcanic rock south mount summit attain heights known glaciers pocket glaciers lie right east diamond southeast upper bishop northeast straight north lies small high elevation ice cap called associated large lies eastern northern flanks mount called drainage east southwest area km2 area substantial snowfall winters usually accessed south north climbing recreation mountain climbing fairly difficult fairly steep sided involves climbing loose rotten lava volcanic ash fortunately large areas massive extensive eastern northern flanks mountain finest climbing opportunities exist making easiest route glacial travel snow climb routes alpine glaciers snow slopes abundant winter spring eventually melt late spring commonly june july years snow ice pose difficulty danger higher peaks mountain hazard reason early season cold weather recommended routes hiking photography camping popular area provide access mid late summer visitors pass meadows alpine trails popular winter sports including skiing geology mount lies single largest granite north_america rocks extend approximately coast british_columbia southwestern remnant vast volcanic arc called coast range arc formed result periods contrast areas recent volcanic origin cascade exclusively mountain unique shape main cone constructed atop large system associated melted away unlike cascade south dominate surrounding landscape consists high rugged peaks residents vancouver aware volcano closer city easily visible origins mount began years ago grown steadily like cascade origins zone long plate boundary stretches mid vancouver island zone separates explorer north american plates oceanic crust pacific_ocean beneath north_america rate millimetres year hot descending oceanic plate creates individual volcano million years zone existed million years created line called stretches zone arc potentially active california erupted southernmost historically active volcano arc north mount erupted years ago generally considered northernmost isolated volcanic centres northwest circular wide deeply complex considered northernmost member arc structure largest volcano southernmost british_columbia like composed layers hardened lava volcanic ash explosive nature common form style involves glowing hot volcanic ash flows source rock classified acidic having high intermediate levels deposits lower volume range corresponding known high quality internal structure conspicuous attributed growth mountain large system subsequent collapse flanks volcano melting ice western flanks mountain expose basement rocks altered carved streams glaciers rugged topography relief valleys surface filled million year old flows activity cubic miles material remains volcano modern times apron material volcano main vent extends source places covered ice areas extent slope common feature zones forms arises water trapped minerals rock upper oceanic crust released mantle rock sinking oceanic slab release water minerals termed occurs specific pressure temperature conditions specific minerals plate lower depths water freed slab melting point mantle rock undergoes partial melting rises density relative surrounding mantle rock pools temporarily base rises crust incorporating rich rock leading final intermediate composition surface pools chamber volcano relatively low pressure allows water dissolved begin come solution like bottle water opened critical volume gas obstacle provided volcanic cone overcome leading sudden explosive eruption ancestral stages activity mountain grew phases phase resulted creation broad composite cone potassium dated years old parts ancestral volcano exposed lower northern eastern flanks upper possibly located series lava constructed ensuing long period cut deep valley cone western flank later filled reaching maximum extent area ice sheet covered volcanic ash fragmented debris period growth began eruption plug dome ridge surrounded thousand foot ice sheet plug dome rose massive sheets broken lava sides numerous flows consisting super heated mix gas ash accompanied cooler forming cone cubic kilometres volume overall slope degrees erosion slope glacial ice melted forming small lake southern arm volcanic seen today atop created ash settling lake glacial overlap significant west somewhat south subsequent melting ice sheet component glaciers initiated series western flank moved nearly half original cone volume series debris flows carried cubic kilometres mountain covers square miles km2 thickness feet gaps left melting ice caused minor moderate cone distortion ice sheet thin major distortion thick ice cone distortion greatest buried valley soon buried ice melted away lava quietly erupted southeast plug dome years ago flowed ring creek southern southwestern flanks encountering glacial ice lava flows traveled grade landslide western flank cubic miles erupted period activity lava forms thin layer solid rock southern western sides volcano contains defined lava flow margin lava flow unusual lengthy lava flows usually attained fluid flows flow current activity canadian strongly associated recent seismic activity volcano mountain informally described dormant asleep mountain erupted historic times display activity like nearby seismic data suggests contain living systems indicating possible future activity available data allow clear conclusion observations indications canada potentially active associated hazards significant seismic activity canada youthful long lived volcanic centres history significant explosive behavior hot springs known area like found mount major volcanic complexes belt hints high local heat flow volcanic hazards volcanic canada rarely cause fatalities low level activity known fatality volcanic activity canada occurred cone long lava flow travelled destroying village killing approximately people volcanic gases towns cities near home half british_columbia human population likelihood future cause damage populated areas making belt major hazard significant hazards canadian require hazard maps emergency plans exhibit significant seismic activity appear likely significant eruption belt significantly impact highway communities like possibly vancouver explosive explosive mount pose severe threat nearby communities identified history create large amounts ash significantly affect local communities ash columns rise meters volcano close proximity vancouver pose threat air traffic melting glacial ice covering area cause floods debris flows possibly threaten small communities plagued landslides debris flows steep rugged eruption creating floods demolish sections highway flooding debris flows severe issues salmon fishery rivers addition explosive associated ash column cause short long term water supply difficulties vancouver lower mainland area watershed close area fall effect ice fields east mount causing melting spring flooding turn water supplies fisheries lava flows hazard lava flows low moderate nature prevent travelling far source lava flow ends high intermediate levels commonly slowly typically cover small areas form steep sided called lava lava grow individual flows thick period months years flows overlap typically meters hour lava flows high intermediate levels rarely extend source example long ring creek lava flow landslides past large debris flows section mountain collapsed valley built melted creating unstable slope head repeated landslides steep cliff created huge debris fan mouth north called danger future collapses limited growth fan steep northern edge barrier area partly collapsed times recent collapse created large boulder field gave danger future collapses prompted provincial government declare area immediately unsafe human led evacuation small resort village nearby relocation residents new recreational subdivisions away hazard zone imminent danger unlikely special regulations exist warn potential danger minimize risk life property event landslide monitoring currently monitored closely active volcano system existing network established monitor earthquakes far away provide good indication happening beneath mountain sense increase activity volcano restless provide warning large eruption detect activity volcano started possible way detect eruption studying geological history volcano pattern behaviour terms eruption style magnitude frequency future eruption expected similar previous likelihood canada critically effected local close volcanic argues kind improvement program required benefit cost thoughts critical dealing natural hazards benefit cost examination needs correct data hazard types occurrences exist british_columbia canada detail required volcanic techniques hazard mapping displays volcano history detail speculates understanding hazardous activity possibly expected future present hazard maps created level knowledge insufficient large volcanic hazard program existed majority information collected lengthy separate way support employees scientists current knowledge best established north mount likely rise considerably temporary mapping monitoring project knowledge mount established certain contributions intensive program classifying exposure near young canadian quick hazard assessments individual volcanic associated recent seismic activity advance produce quick productive determination priority areas efforts existing network monitor earthquakes existed remained small population apart short term seismic monitoring experiments volcano monitoring accomplished canada level approaching established countries historically active active restless usually monitored approximately frequently better sensitivity detection reduced location errors particularly earthquake depth monitoring risk eruption offering capability important volcanic risk currently mount closer increasing distance declining numbers indicate seismic activity prediction capability reduced earthquake location accuracy depth decreases network accurate inaccurate earthquake locations kilometers isolated northern regions location magnitude level magnitude magnitude carefully monitored located noticed events recorded surveyed immediately improve understanding future eruption events recorded surveyed british_columbia immediately easy access process countries like canada possible small precursor earthquake particularly events observed significant events larger detected minor subdivision events complex clarify confidence volcanic nature associate individual volcanic lake volcanic field associated group small form lake volcanic field unusual volcanic structure called table located mount foot high flat topped volcano layers arranged like stack equal sized table formed early time ice sheet covered region volcano lava rose melted ice sheet table vent creating space lava repeated constructed steep walled stack lava seen today large extensively eroded dark volcanic rock shaped like considered remnant extinct formed million years ago mount price west lake south formed stages activity dating million years latest produced large lava flows early retreating continental ice sheet formed barrier containing lake cone stands gap arms flanks summer crater filled snow melt lake
Mount Garibaldi