bach musical setting biblical scored vocal parts alto tenor bass baroque orchestra including major composition latin text bach taking post leipzig bach set text movement composition key flat major performance christmas inserted hymns related feast version including christmas given number catalogue bach works feast bach produced new version latin christmas hymns instrumentation movements altered expanded key changed flat major major performance reasons trumpet parts version bach known publication versions 19th century second standard performance bach popular vocal works history leipzig regularly sunday services sung german ordinary sundays latin high holidays christmas easter bach tenure leipzig bach compositions latin composed tenure leipzig death compared lutheran practice latin church services leipzig early account bach showing interest practices leipzig dates noted order service sunday advent visit town time leipzig died candidates applying post pupil reused composed christmas audition piece january weeks bach presented audition jesus die und bach assumed position sunday trinity performing ambitious movements followed comparable die sunday traditional setting traditional setting german translation den german variant exceptional tone chant ninth tone associated ninth mode mode traditional setting german minor mode note melodic formula fifth opening note variant associated german appears compositions bach uses melodic formula instrumental movement israel uses german den composed fourth melodic formula theme prelude work bach pupil extended settings century bach composition text set music apart mass ordinary latin text set music settings german text current early 17th century form suppressing extended settings indicated settings construction movements chorus orchestra vocal non linear treatment text parts text repeated multiple times singers old italian school music example found alternative settings included lutheran tradition example latin composers like cited possible inspirations bach bach time examples settings single verse sung alternating choral singing bach treatment verse soprano sings words verse chorus concludes particular split verse leaving words chorus practised minor bach probably knew minor attributed split characteristic bach set chorus extending standard choir voice parts novelty compositions example teacher eldest brother composed half dozen choir double choir orchestra setting choir bach composed choir easter year premiered funeral years later time major version originated composed extended chorus mass dresden court extended choral settings bach include vocal parts christmas compositions double choir like matthew passion secular compositions extended choir outside bach usual routine music bach include mixed german latin christmas sung latin published contained stanza version gospel luke words spoken mary visits cousin elizabeth pregnant mary jesus john baptist christianity feast commemorating visit called chosen opportunity ordinary attention feast celebrates event tied origin bach time feast day fell july major version bach performed july church service leipzig year fell sunday fourth sunday trinity ended period mourning death bach scholar argued version bach major version christmas added performed july exactly years version composed feast bach taken post leipzig sunday trinity feast day tenure called exceptionally music christmas article origin authors generally assumed bach composed quiet time advent performance christmas performance bach composed songs praise partly german partly latin inserted certain points flat major version flat major version including known text leipzig christmas bach predecessor possibly settings major texts bach included christmas self contained composed major performed christmas illustrate describe circumstances christ birth embedded old tradition named rocking cradle performed limited accompaniment instruments supposedly performed small high choir opposite large organ movements performed flat major version suggests bach intended perform version depending circumstances example christmas bach bach obituary written composer son mentions composed apart extant copies german soprano solo considered lost 19th century score called little retrieved 20th century listed authenticity doubted indicated composer german den similar german und tenor solo composed attributed german published cycle performance july set bach similarly den unknown bach copied composers early bach copied major arranging movement major choir orchestra copied bach manuscript score indicates composer according study 17th century work composed 25th birthday earlier work structure movements bach consists movements text luke concluded twelfth movement verse assigned movement verse verse begins soprano solo movement concluded chorus fourth movement traditional division composers late middle ages verses differs bach movements luke verse verse traditional division divided verses numbering movements bach fourth movement 25th measure soprano sings note measure movement christmas placed second fifth seventh ninth movement text movements usually indicated letters text sources hymn verse attributed luke fragment christmas hymn performance time lies typically minutes additional minutes christmas duration version christmas hymns comparable average bach differences contains twice movements average keeping short avoiding altogether text latin usual language bach architecture movements fairly complex opposed fairly simple structure average choral writing parts outside normal routine bach sacred vocal works scoring key signature movements composition key major major movements feature chorus orchestra chorus sings movement accompanied orchestra choral movements version christmas hymns followed movements vocal second richer scoring movements vocal instrumentation usual bach accompanied instrument strings movement cappella movement natural usually tuned given reason bach initial flat major version major voices bach set choir vocal required alto tenor bass movement israel sing alto orchestra baroque orchestra consists viola violins dominant viola required aria version bach somewhat extended orchestra replaced separate parts choral movements movements replaced 10th movement replace trumpet instrumental played organ cello movements version movement israel played exclusively violins viola version line given includes cello symmetrical structure bach built 7th movement 7th movement verses 7th seventh movement key orchestra choir second 11th movement major key 10th movement relative minor key movement preceding following central 7th movement minor key fifth ninth major key different christmas additions separated verses addition second verse christmas hymns key preceding movement verse structure looks like verse movements followed movement christmas version key major verse starts relative minor key movement moving minor key movement verse movement followed movement christmas version major key different verse movement minor key verse movement followed movement christmas version key verse movement minor key verse movement followed movement christmas version major key different verse movement relative minor key verse movements key voices orchestration verses seventh movement seventh symmetrical build idea movement building choral movement movements solo soprano build choral movement movements solo duet build 7th movement movements solo movements followed aria vocal trio build final choral movements aria sets solo duet trio christmas hymns building seventh movement choral movements second half composition choral movements outer ends separated set solo solo duet trio sixteen movement performance symmetry section movement counting movement use lutheran melody soprano voices case instrumental second den symmetry christmas version pictured follows movements key movement verse minor key movements major key verse minor key movements key verse minor key movements major key movements key movement times verses followed movement text comes bible quote texts movement like movement coupled central 7th movement structure bach compared probably knew probably knew largest extant vocal work similar orchestration version bach differences second viola bach movement settings christmas performance standard like bach choir set verses text chorus choral movements like bach second verse instead bach verse bach final chorus sets verse verses set single voice combined movements spirit gives great praise lord luke text opening chorus movement consists blocks measures totalling bars music exactly half choral singing measure orchestra presents looks like fact movement form italian aria modelled style bach developed style material presented instrumental measure motive played measure sets tone main motives measure measure movement instruments violin presents new motive second main motive measures entrance choir motive repeated multiple instruments motive sung measure second motive sung measure measure accompanied chorus enters imitating opening material measure enter main motive measure alto tenor imitate enter measure orchestra plays short intervention measures measures chorus sings second main motive opening orchestra dominates chorus following giving contrasting melodies end measure voices start singing measures block singers text lord word beat 45th measure orchestra apart silent till beginning measure singers bridge central measures main motive sung measure start movement voices brief intervention orchestra measures second main motive sung highest voices measure followed lower voices measure block chorus takes leading role limited groups instruments accompanying short ideas taken opening measures instruments join ending second main motive played trumpet measure second blocks singers text sing repetition word measure measure block sing main motive instruments halt beats singers leading role groups instruments play additional motives later orchestral writing returning text remains block conclusion soul heard alto time measure embedded voices parts sing soprano beginning long note continued measure measure measures choral singing follow measures instrumental material condensed opening aria sung soprano accompanied strings aria continues feelings joy movement way christmas version movement followed hymn looked aria sung soprano major version movement bach marked tempo beginning major version notes voice instrument share material duet hoc henceforth shall blessed voice changes simpler style notes scarcely idea virgin purity simplicity humble happiness found perfect expression german picture madonna translated musical language continuation verse completion sentence generations given chorus setting likened chorus bach commentators atmosphere close aggression multitude sound flat major version somewhat major version example bass line measure measure version dominant ninth changed harmony later version great things aria sung bass accompanied motif beginning repeated notes introduced measures repeated voice mercy duet alto tenor begins movement time played violins major version strings play con doubling violins shows strength shares key scoring movement tenor voice enter followed alto bass leading calls near middle movement appears voices isolated sequence highest voice lowest conclusion marked illustrates text long chords accents mighty aria tenor accompanied violins presenting material measure second thought verse beginning humble sung introduction shorter tenor sings complete text slightly modified version considerably expanded length repeated end hungry sung alto accompanied measures introduces moving steady quarter note measures later sung filled hungry good things downward lines moving eighth notes later rich sent away latin word handed israel servant israel scored unusual combination highest voices single trumpet flat major version wind instrument cite line time changes measure moving step voices imitate gentle movement leaps measure occur word downward est est fathers seed line theme distinct measures repeated notes second flowing eighth notes quarter notes leaps fourth half notes sixth theme developed time voices enter second development soprano begins followed alto tenor bass movements ends section bass theme soprano sings long suspended notes descending scale covering octave work concluded glory father performed complete ensemble text ends long changing time signature common time triple metre second text beginning repeats material beginning work hymns added christmas version time christmas hymns flat major version bach printed volume major version bach publication presented hymns annex publication hymns fit major setting recently publishers offer completed versions hymns performed major version instance text stanza hymn luke bach sets cappella parts like preceding movements key form singing melody attributed lower voices imitating sections melody line diminished time latin preceding movements largely congregation bach time movement recognizable words melody sung congregation preceding evening christmas eve service quarter century later bach returned melody writing set variations theme compositions printed composer lifetime bach included settings melody christmas based theme und text movement und das das und pious mind find fair holy new born boy comfort peace joy verse flat major text variant opening verse better known version ending incorrect rendering original greek version luke said angels christmas night version translates glory god highest earth peace people good end greek version rendered correctly peace earth good men understood und den lutheran rejected version verse end latin composers attached classic formula rhythm place bach uses version text differs catching spirit theologian approved version violins flat major text text fit stem flourished appeared human flesh lovely child fragment longer christmas hymn printed major reception history composer death flat major major version owned son publication followed 19th century including christmas hymns flat major version variety vocal instrumental scores adapted contemporary performance practice major version end century considered illustrations bach genius generally major version christmas hymns chosen performance new critical edition published series volume new bach edition major version remained standard life performance studio recordings half century later flat major version published new editions adapted performance recorded times composition history 18th century year father death major performed leipzig like father extended setting died owned versions father staged composition hamburg fit major composition combined movement probably form christmas das 19th century score flat major version bach published edited printing errors christmas hymns composition bach vocal chorus orchestra printed orchestral score time publication little success sales young composed major showed knew bach version major version bach didn appear print bach revival followed performance 1840s piano reduction bach major version appeared orchestral vocal score published volume bach edition edition printed christmas time year later complained composition received little attention music critics remained virtually unknown general public year later published major version orchestral score line 19th century performance practice example expanding organ single bass bach edition separate organ printed edition major translation english based text book common prayer bach composition kept later state library berlin devoted pages bach biography considering recognized greatest achievements composer genius bach performed times quarter 19th century instance germany netherlands 20th century edited orchestral score major version bach publication edition performances recorded 1940s appeared rpm records recordings early 1950s included live performances directed soprano published bach edited score reused ensuing publications english translation recordings available instance directed second half 1960s saw recordings christmas version including new recordings major version earliest releases contained christmas inserted major version form recording bach der appeared performance time bach appeared 1970s recorded choir orchestra vocal release volume edition recording period instruments bach choral christmas released coupled recording major version followed recorded major version 20th century composers refer bach composition new setting include hymns songs outside text extended settings like bach christmas version extended setting makes musical associations bach major setting uses choir cappella setting end century recordings major version bach released recording flat major version appeared releases available end century include recording playing period instruments published flat major major version single publication edited edition offered version christmas fitted performances major version measures missing score edition completed base similar composition bach 21st century recording released recorded christmas version bach church leipzig dvd recording included performance christmas bach german released recording ensemble released performed major version vocal choir bach versions available line published critical edition score versions based edition synthetic major version major version christmas fit version published found performers audiences composition ranges bach popular vocal works illustrated regular appearance classical music polls like
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