latin polish nobleman magnate 1st royal secretary deputy chancellor crown lord grand chancellor crown crown general important advisor kings major opponents successor skilled diplomats politicians time standing major figure politics polish lithuanian commonwealth life biography childhood education born march started education school thirteen years old sent study abroad royal court paris young age attended lectures briefly visited poland attended months moved studied law received doctorate years abroad converted roman catholicism education active university politics elected rector law department time wrote government returned commonwealth person receive letter senate early career returning poland appointed soon favorite secretary king commanded royal task force sent remove noble family royal lands decreed hold illegally major task completed time reorganization archive married wife young son died shortly extinction dynasty election special session commonwealth parliament influence enforce election meaning nobles right vote new king upcoming polish lithuanian royal election proposal majority voting pass opened process abuses veto future colleague leaders faction lesser middle nobility commonwealth goal reform country execution movement preserving unique constitutional parliamentary government commonwealth dominant role poorer nobility golden freedom influential popular lesser nobility known nobility polish chancellor election favour later france subsequently diplomatic mission traveled france finish newly elected king published pamphlet praising new king suffered loss face secretly abandoned poland returned france following election vocal enemy dynasty candidate anti stance lesser nobility helped regain popularity king championed case polish candidate ended marriage anti thanked granting office deputy chancellor participated danzig rebellion cavalry unit participating close combat occasions married time marrying daughter magnate close ally family powerful family grand lithuania received post grand crown chancellor year poet dedicated polish tragedy took preparation war contributed group mercenaries little prior military background experience interested mastering military art proved adept support begun filling roles particularly present campaigning instrumental ensuring ongoing political support war hit personal tragedy wife died labor child entering short period depression later year august captured september participated siege took august received nomination post grand crown nomination time technically illegal following participated long inconclusive siege ended peace failed capture drained russian resources ongoing siege major reason final treaty highly favorable poland june took wife relative king men captured noble death sentence treason murder pending roughly decade shortly consent executed political conflict family framed clash monarch nobility major recurring controversy internal polish politics years beginning major dispute later years death helped gain polish throne fighting brief civil war forces supporting austria camp supporting rallied supported family defended defeated forces battle battle describes important polish history important military career taken prisoner resulting treaty polish crown later year proposed reform royal elections failed pass role tried prevent intensifying incursions commonwealth south eastern border little success order deal recurring disturbances region developed plan turn zone commonwealth ottoman_empire lead lengthy campaign opposition throne internal commonwealth politics early reign staunch supporter commonwealth kings begun distance king quickly allied dissatisfaction dissatisfied early plans use poland stepping stone gaining swedish crown plotting polish crown exchange support right swedish throne new king feared chancellor power commonwealth laws unable dismiss posts offered prestigious office declined accept law require resign slightly prestigious influential seen king opponents open quarrel king chancellor broke culminating heated exchange words king chamber despite relations king chancellor wanted civil war soon quarrel issue public apology king uneasy relationship continue death failed stop southern borders year successful victorious helped gain throne fought new prince conquered months earlier defeated restored throne helped brother brief ruler spreading influence commonwealth took war sweden commanding commonwealth forces time vocal opponent war political scene recaptured strongholds year later captured december september campaign placed strain health resigned command led opposition governance reforms proposed seeing intentions transforming commonwealth absolute monarchy later opposed plans intervene civil war clashed final time january died suddenly june stroke fortune inherited single son assessment legacy remembrance fame significance life endured death praised artists historians including critical nonetheless polish historiography culture treatment positive historian remarked posthumous career magnificent real ending recent biography concludes significant controversial figure subject paintings drawings notably characters large paintings featured sermon political military leader having control office powerful people country having obtained power commander chief armed forces chancellor combined time hands person responsible polish internal foreign policies considered prominent polish history military career begun accident remembered accomplished polish military commanders tactics favored flanking maneuvers forces new western art fortification artillery war shown skilled commander events prove equally able leader open field wealth cultural patronage gathered significant fortune estates generated revenue early 17th century personal lands covered square kilometres included towns villages royal dozen cities villages totaled personal leased lands covered square kilometres towns cities villages succeeded establishing facto supported economical development lands investing colonization development industry small mills large lands iron mills glass factories prized creation capital city founded built designed renaissance ideal city italian architect city founded university history education poland addition funded towns collected significant library patron numerous artists artists patronage included poets writer historian personality deeply religious person conversion catholicism primarily pragmatic notes motivated greed example supported treatment rebels negotiations favored solution cases decision likely influenced bribes favors example describes openly demanded rewards following victory tried include article favoring treaty notes critically raising power political success begun displaying negative qualities arrogance ruthless weaker time respected opponents widely recognized highly intelligent matters political military popular political leader valued good country high king victorious civil war preferred act limits law instead avoiding war country ambitions
Jan Zamoyski