article constitution singapore article constitution republic singapore specifically article guarantees right life right personal liberty called right life basic human rights fully define term constitution contrary broad position taken jurisdictions malaysia united_states said personal liberty refers freedom unlawful detention article states persons deprived life personal liberty accordance law public prosecutor appeal singapore held term law means legislation enacted parliament includes fundamental rules natural justice subsequently attorney general held fundamental rules natural justice embodied constitution nature function common law rules natural justice administrative law operate different levels legal order related decision public prosecutor apparently rejected contention article courts examine substantive legislation asserted judicial discretion reject bills absurd arbitrary legislation case held law article include rules customary international law article rights accorded persons arrested right apply high_court challenge legality detention right informed grounds arrest right counsel right produced magistrate hours arrest rights apply enemy aliens persons arrested contempt parliament constitution specifically criminal law temporary provisions act cap internal security act cap cap having comply article text article article constitution republic singapore guarantees persons right life right personal liberty states person shall deprived life personal liberty save accordance law complaint high_court judge thereof person detained court shall complaint satisfied detention shall order produced court release person arrested shall informed soon grounds arrest shall allowed consult defended legal choice person arrested released shall delay case hours excluding time necessary journey produced magistrate person way video link similar technology accordance law shall detained custody magistrate authority clauses shall apply enemy alien person arrested contempt parliament warrant issued hand speaker article shall law force commencement constitution arrest detention person interests public safety peace good order relating drugs substances arrest detention person purpose treatment rehabilitation reason law inconsistent clauses particular article shall affect validity operation law 10th march article embodies concept rule law early expression 39th article freeman shall taken captive imprisoned deprived lands outlawed exiled way destroyed force send forces judgment peers law land article similar means identical process clause fourteenth amendment united_states constitution prohibits state denying person life liberty property process law article constitution india states person shall deprived life personal liberty according procedure established law article constitution malaysia singapore article way adopted following singapore independence malaysia rights life personal liberty meaning life public prosecutor called right life basic human rights courts opportunity define term life article jurisdictions india malaysia united_states interpret term respective broadly united_states supreme court case illinois justice stated term life means mere animal existence definition extends limbs life enjoyed rationale term narrow restricted sense indian courts likewise adopted broad interpretation life article indian constitution mean mere existence instead includes right right healthy environment subsequently state meaning life expanded include right live human dignity provision minimum shelter rights aspects life life meaningful worth living similarly justice held expression life included right free exploitation basic life included directive principles state policy appear indian constitution malaysian case appealed dismissal employment grounds procedural issues brought unfair procedure meant deprived constitutional right life liberty protected article malaysian constitution identical singapore article judge held courts consideration unique characteristics situation country blind realities life went suggest liberal approach adopted grasp intention constitution giving life broad liberal meaning opined interpretation include elements form quality life right seek engaged employment right live reasonably healthy pollution free environment noted life extinguished taken away according procedure established law case suggests singapore courts interpret word life narrowly indian malaysian courts called stated scope article indian constitution expanded indian courts include numerous rights relating life right education right health medical care right freedom noise pollution pro active approach matters relating social economic conditions people india court declined apply state mandatory death penalty found unconstitutional stating possible interpret singapore article way interpreted article indian constitution meaning personal liberty took narrow approach reading personal liberty article held personal liberty refers freedom unlawful detention include liberty contract suggested understanding term authority cited approach taken compared liberal interpretation liberty united_states malaysia supreme_court case louisiana louisiana statute struck ground violated individual right contract held liberty fourteenth amendment constitution meant right citizen free physical restraint person right freely enjoy free use ways live work earn calling pursue purpose enter contracts proper necessary essential carrying purposes liberty accorded broad reading subsequent case nebraska supreme_court held state statute english language schools unconstitutional liberty guaranteed fourteenth amendment court stated liberty denotes merely freedom restraint right individual contract engage common life acquire useful knowledge marry establish home bring children worship god according conscience generally enjoy privileges long recognized common law essential orderly pursuit happiness free men held appeal case term life article constitution limited mere existence wide concept receive broad liberal interpretation likewise personal liberty similarly interpreted approach construction necessarily produce absurd result facts personal liberty extended liberty person court seek judicial review statutory provision sought power judicial review apparently inconsistent fundamental liberty apparent resolved permitting clause judicial review administrative acts decisions infected error law reversed point subsequent case public prosecutor held provisions constitution interpreted account literal construction placed language particularly provisions guarantee individuals protection fundamental rights view duty court adopt approach interpreting fundamental rights guaranteed constitution light passes reveals constituent colours way approach reveal court rights submerged concepts employed provisions went state personal liberty includes rights right cross order enter leave country desires suggested article singapore constitution pitched high level limitation ordinary natural meaning phrase requirement constitution personal liberty narrowly mean freedom physical restraint meaning save accordance law meaning word law article direct bearing scope article law read broadly example incorporating customary international law principles scope fundamental liberties wider narrower hand law narrowly legislature able rights legislation easily lead emphasis fundamental liberties infringement considered legitimate long statute question enacted fundamental rules natural justice malaysian case government malaysia phrase save accordance law article constitution malaysia provision states person shall deprived property save accordance law court held required legislation question constitutional passed parliament validity duly enacted piece legislation questioned grounds matter arbitrary law appeared rejected interpretation case decision appeal singapore appeal questioned constitutional validity section drugs act issues decided interpretation word law article contended law given narrow meaning argued written law defined mean constitution acts subsidiary legislation time force singapore law defined including written law requirements constitution satisfied life liberty carried accordance provisions contained act passed arbitrary contrary fundamental rules natural justice provisions act qualified statement providing limitation disregard fundamental rules natural justice act provides general application citizens singapore avoid falling foul anti provisions art judgment delivered lord rejected interpretation finding argument reading definition written law stated article article provides law enacted legislature commencement constitution inconsistent constitution shall extent void held use expression law art event challenge relieve court duty determine provisions act parliament passed september relied justify person life liberty inconsistent constitution consequently void line view constitution given generous interpretation suitable individuals measure fundamental liberties referred held references law contexts accordance law equality law protection law like refer system law incorporates fundamental rules natural justice formed parcel common law england operation singapore commencement constitution conception meaning law article affirmed public prosecutor public prosecutor highlighted elevation principles natural justice constitutional status local statutes supremacy constitution creates tension article law making power singapore legislature extent natural justice subsequent decision public prosecutor declined set comprehensive list fundamental rules natural justice merely stated principles deal issues hand conference attorney general chief justice remarked gives free hand determine scope fundamental rules natural justice precedent guidance scope fundamental rules natural justice provided said rules natural justice change times secondly considered local context light entire system perspective people operating system order satisfy rules natural justice law question obviously unfair view system justice court invested partly functions compelling accused answer questions judge regarded contrary natural justice later ruled public prosecutor privilege self fundamental rule natural justice constitutional right attorney general stated fundamental rules natural justice embodied concept law constitutional provisions articles nature function common law rules natural justice administrative law operate different levels legal order legislation ground altered constitution administrative decisions ground administrative law principles ordinary legislation procedural substantive concept traditionally common law natural justice taken procedural concept embodies twin pillars hear party judge cause united_states process procedural substantive components substantive process involves courts assessing executive actions legislation rational basis review fundamental right implicated strict scrutiny question arises substantive fundamental rules natural justice developed local courts line malaysian cases expressed view concept substantive process applicable article malaysian constitution identical singapore article academic commentary rejects notion substantive natural justice arguing vague leads problems application argument substantive natural justice fear avenue judges laws basis opinions leading judicial activism hand suggested substantive natural justice merely exercise judiciary proper role conferred constitution addition scholar asserted doubt judicial inquiry covers substantive procedural aspects said article judicial inquiry law tested certain principles regarded fundamental legal system distinguishing substantive procedural meaningless exercise merely clouds process judicial inquiry judicial review judicial review far article concerned room making distinction public prosecutor appeared reject approach declining require procedural laws fair reasonable regarded law purpose article noted provision contains qualification qualification implied context wording court considered vague test said test court view law question requires court legislative sphere parliament engage policy making hand court acknowledged article justify legislation nature held law encompass legislation bills legislation general application fact directed securing conviction particular individuals legislation absurd arbitrary nature possibly contemplated constitutional law crafted constitutional provisions protecting fundamental liberties customary international law public prosecutor court appeal considered law article includes principles customary international law case argued death sentence drug trafficking hanging unconstitutional form cruel punishment accordance law court agreed prohibition torture cruel treatment article universal declaration human rights considered customary international law customary international law rule clearly firmly established adopted courts insufficient practice states hold death hanging prohibition customary international law rule death hanging domestic statutes prevail event conflict court appeal clarified public prosecutor customary international law read constitution reasons order customary international law rule legal effect singapore incorporated domestic law incorporation occur enactment statute court declaration rule forms common law court felt incorrect incorporate customary international law rules meaning law article common law constitutional status statute reversing usual hierarchy legal rules secondly term law defined article include common law far operation singapore court treat rules customary international law having incorporated singapore common law inconsistent existing statutes furthermore conflict rule domestic statute constitution silent reception international law domestic law court appeal accepted domestic law including constitution far possible consistently interpreted singapore international obligations nonetheless international human rights law increase pool judges resort interpreting constitution inherent limits express wording constitutional text constitutional history incorporation international norms argued possible local statutes interpreted light international treaties role judiciary import international law standards constitution inconsistent legislation instead views executive according view strict adherence separation powers doctrine judiciary guard incursions executive sphere executive determine singapore attitude position relation foreign affairs judiciary undertake task interpreting constitution accord legal reasoning sound principles necessarily raises question applicable legal principle interpretation process suggested executive judiciary solidarity speaking voice courts exercise favour executive nation attitude particular international law norm sought applied submitted judicial executive results clear neglect fundamental liberties constitution flip criticism fundamental liberties given accord avenues example application rules natural justice meaning accorded particular fundamental liberty potential ground parliamentary legislation crucial court merely rely international law determine meaning liberty evidence executive considers adoption particular international law norm application right life abortion difficult questions involving right life exactly life begins ends child treated living person accorded right life constitution laws permitting abortion unconstitutional issue come singapore courts singapore code lays sanctions non compliance limits abortion women pregnant weeks right life younger stipulated period legislation accorded greater weight safety security mothers threatened children contrast approach taken philippines constitution provides state shall equally protect life mother life conception similarly czech_republic states human life deserves protected birth chances universal consensus issue slim difficulty defining beginning life right die singapore attempted suicide suicide attempted suicide criminal acts applies physicians aid patients ending lives physicians unable claim defence section code intended cause patients deaths physicians liability patients refuse treatment terminal illnesses issuing advance medical right life guaranteed article encompasses right die right commit suicide right assisted suicide usually face terminal illness subject singapore court case jurisdictions right life generally interpreted way state held right life natural right embodied article indian constitution suicide unnatural termination extinction life incompatible inconsistent concept right life supreme_court declined recognize choosing death right protected constitution washington group washington residents asserted state law banning assisted suicide unconstitutional face majority held assisted suicide fundamental liberty interest protected process clause fourteenth amendment justices persuaded availability care alleviate suffering point causing death recognizing new right commit suicide includes right assistance right personal liberty rights arrested persons article constitution right persons detained apply high_court challenging legality detention application order review detention called writ corpus court required complaint order produced court released satisfied detention article requires arrested person informed soon grounds arrest article goes provide arrested person released delay case hours excluding time necessary journey produced magistrate detained custody authority magistrate person attendance magistrate person way video similar technology accordance law right counsel article states arrested person allowed consult defended legal choice restrictions rights life personal liberty mentioned parliament entitled restrict rights life personal liberty long acts accordance law specific restrictions article include article provides articles constitution apply enemy aliens persons arrested contempt parliament warrant issued speaker detention criminal law temporary provisions act article saves law force commencement constitution authorizing arrest detention person interests public safety peace good order relating drugs substances arrest detention person treatment rehabilitation invalid provision took effect march expressed apply laws force prior date introduced constitution amendment act provision criminal law temporary provisions act detention use executive power individuals basis predicted commit future crimes threaten national interest things criminal law temporary provisions act minister home affairs satisfied person associated activities criminal nature order detained period exceeding months minister view detention necessary interests public safety peace good order drugs act director order drug undergo drug treatment rehabilitation approved institution month periods maximum years detention internal security act section singapore gives minister home affairs power person trial period exceeding years president satisfied necessary view preventing person acting manner security singapore maintenance public order essential services period detention renewed president indefinitely periods exceeding years time long grounds detention continue exist constitutional basis article constitution sanctions detention allows laws passed legislature articles protecting personal liberties individual specifically article declares legislation valid notwithstanding fundamental liberty provisions constitution including article challenged basis rights cases singapore law reports reissue appeal singapore public prosecutor appeal singapore malaya law journal malaysia washington supreme_court united_states malaysia public prosecutor singapore archived original november public prosecutor malaysia public prosecutor singapore law reports singapore legislation criminal law temporary provisions act cap internal security act cap drugs act cap code cap works constitution reception customary international law customary human rights law constitutional interpretation public prosecutor articles constitution public prosecutor lee mandatory death penalty sparsely constitution law quarterly review public prosecutor mandatory death penalty drug offences singapore dead end constitutional challenge hang death penalty singapore style clinical common law world review july trends constitutional interpretation victor models process icon books michael death drugs murder constitution developments singapore law singapore isbn archived original november tan fundamental liberties protection life liberty constitution singapore isbn tan constitutional law malaysia singapore 3rd singapore isbn tan rights accused person constitutional law malaysia singapore 3rd singapore isbn
Article 9 of the Constitution of Singapore