arabic known locally capital populous city located coastal region indian_ocean city served important port population residents tradition old records assert southern including area historically inhabited hunter later joined establish local medieval ruled dynasty vassal subsequently fell control assortment local notably city later capital italian colonial period independent known promoted white pearl indian_ocean regime ensuing civil war militias fought control city later replaced radical groups notably fought allies change administration late government troops military partners succeeded forcing august subsequently experienced period intense reconstruction capital city important national institutions based seat established august serving government legislative branch mayor october official residential palace principal workplace president established capital organized technology entertainment design conference establishment local construction yard city real estate sector oldest islamic places worship capital built circa largest horn region built colonial authorities italian style served traditional seat based holds culturally important artefacts undergoing million federal government funded renovation including new library complex home number media institutions municipality urban renewal program schools capital scheduled refurbished reopened established 1950s professors university later founded non governmental established intention training doctors national sporting bodies headquarters including constructed administration assistance chinese engineers hosts football matches teams cup additionally port serves major national largest harbour international airport capital main airport hub national carrier etymology origins theories likely derived morphology persian words long time thought derived persian means seat reflection city early persian influence known locally english history early history tradition old records assert southern including area inhabited early hunter descent early inhabitants believed overwhelmed driven away cases later migrants area physical traces occupation survive certain ethnic minority groups inhabiting modern day parts south descendants include populations especially time arrival peoples clan confederacy establish local aristocracy groups affiliated formed settlements sub region ancient city believed predecessor state mentioned greek travel document dating century series commercial ports according maritime trade connected peoples area communities indian_ocean coast later developed immigration community earliest presence dates 9th 10th century evolved dynasty joint arab federation rulers closely linked powerful following visit city 12th century syrian historian wrote inhabited dark skinned ancestors modern years stood pre eminent city meaning land medieval arabic term coast time traveller appearance coast city prosperity described large city rich merchants famous high quality fabric exported destinations including egypt added city ruled sultan originally barbara northern spoke referred dialect arabic equal sultan ministers legal experts commanders royal officials service additionally appears strong persian presence time influence seen areas southern prophet muhammad daughter fact reflected etymology city derives persian means seat portuguese subsequently attempt occupy city managed journal expedition region explorer accompanied voyage wrote controlled big town surrounded towers houses storeys high large palaces center men bombarded city continuing southwards later successful defeating state bringing end rule 1800s 1900s joint control height power dominated southern ivory trade held sway valleys authority largely nominal sought build fort city request permission fort eventually constructed sultan later leased sold infrastructure built italians land owned italian late italy capital newly established italian italians subsequently referred city world war surrounding territory came italian control resistance thousands italians settled founded small manufacturing companies developed agricultural areas south near capital present day 1930s new buildings avenues built narrow gauge railway laid road constructed intended link italo population numbered accounting city population residents remained capital italian existence world war captured british forces february world war capital italian administered political entity mandate years british independent june italian followed suit days later july territories united form serving nation capital government formed members governments president president prime minister later president july popular referendum people ratified new constitution drafted prime minister position appointed october paying visit northern town president assassinated assassination quickly followed military coup état october day funeral seized power encountering armed opposition essentially takeover spearheaded time commanded army alongside assumed power president assassination led lieutenant colonel chief police officially held title father revolution shortly head subsequently renamed country arrested members civilian government banned political parties dissolved parliament supreme_court suspended constitution revolutionary army established large scale public works programmes including stadium addition programme industry land based new regime foreign policy placed emphasis traditional religious links arab world eventually joining fallout unsuccessful campaign late 1970s administration began arresting government military officials suspicion participation abortive coup état people allegedly helped plot executed officials managed escape abroad started form groups dedicated regime force civil war late 1980s regime increasingly unpopular authorities resistance movements encouraged communist administration sprang country eventually led outbreak civil war government disbandment opposition groups subsequently began competing influence power vacuum followed regime armed factions led commanders general particular clashed sought exert authority capital led creation mission dissolution central government unanimously passed december approved coalition united_nations led united_states forming alliance tasked assuring security humanitarian efforts transferred landing coalition started year primarily south militias competing power interpreted troops presence threat consequently gun battles took place local gunmen successful attempt troops high ranking faction leader soldiers eventually withdrew altogether country march having incurred significant casualties organization assumed control southern country promptly imposed law new established years earlier sought establish authority assistance troops air support united_states managed drive rival rule january president founder colonel entered time elected office government relocated interim location marking time fall regime federal government controlled country following defeat different factions radical elements including continue oppose military presence scored military victories seizing control key towns ports central southern end group captured january militias managed force troops retreat leaving equipped force assist troops june representatives federal government moderate alliance liberation group rebels participated peace talks conference ended signed agreement calling withdrawal troops exchange cessation armed confrontation parliament subsequently expanded seats accommodate members elected new president help small team troops coalition government began february retake control southern half country control southern formed alliance members moderate militia november new government elected office enacted numerous reforms especially security sector august new administration allies managed capture subsequently experienced period intense reconstruction spearheaded municipal authorities turkey historic ally reconstruction august militant group strategic withdrawal return hit run tactics mayor recognized opportunity critical rebuilding city means necessary working closely administration started large scale rehabilitation roads general infrastructure residents closely civil police authorities security recognized opportunity transform resources limited working closely urban government sought design deploy data driven approach post war reconstruction passing new constitution subsequent election inaugural president new continued oversee ongoing post conflict reconstruction building initial pilot administration launched city wide street naming house numbering postal codes project officially called post code system joint initiative municipal authorities business community representatives according initiative aims help authorities firm security resolve housing ownership disputes postal codes sub including metropolitan area geography situated indian_ocean coast administrative region southeastern region city smaller historical province city divided districts features city include old town sandy beaches vibrant coral reefs prime real estate tourist resorts years rises central comes kilometers indian_ocean near turning southwestward usually dry february march river provides water essential cultivation cotton climate city situated near equator relatively dry climate classified hot semi arid climate classification southeastern contrast towns northern generally hot arid climate located near tropical woodland global scheme mean temperature city year round average maximum average minimum temperature readings month vary corresponding truly type precipitation year averages millimetres wet days annually associated daily probability rainfall city average hours sunshine year hours sunlight day mean daylight hours minutes day annual percentage sunny versus cloudy daylight hours respectively average sun altitude solar noon 21st day month government federal internationally recognized central government based constituted executive branch government established august concurrent end interim mandate represents permanent central government country start civil war serves government legislative branch municipal municipal government currently led succeeded mayor military court chairman administration development initiatives million urban renewal project creation garbage disposal plants launch city wide cleanup project creation asphalt cement plants rehabilitation town hall parliament buildings reconstruction offices reconstruction facilities rehabilitation construction health facilities establishment permanent base new rebuilding headquarters rehabilitation public districts january administration launched post code system began distributing national identity cards march year addition municipal authorities started important local government centers september including capital compound january administration opened new supervise health safety practices city launched municipal campaign ahead international conferences slated held march administration completed project conjunction million initiative lasted half years saw establishment new sustainable waste collection system water quality testing laboratories access clean drinking water improved employment opportunities low cost fuel production sector strengthened skills training regulation construction sector laboratories testing construction material quality diplomatic missions number countries maintain foreign january diplomatic missions include libya saudi_arabia turkey iran nigeria united_kingdom japan china scheduled reopen city include egypt italy south_korea recognition progress return effective governance secretary state announced preliminary plan embassy indicated set premises government immediately begun upgrading diplomatic representation country president prime minister presented real estate deed land reserved new embassy compound concurrently signed establishment agreement opening european_union member states announced opened new office city february minister foreign affairs international cooperation announced federal government slated reopen center historically served important national institutions diplomacy international relations pledged institute diplomacy department information broadcasting department library economy traditionally served commercial financial centre mass produced cloth europe america city far wide interior continent arabian peninsula far economy grown rapidly city mid processing factory reopened local factory refurbished established capital representing commercial bank open southern civil engineer entrepreneur opened city dollar store additionally likewise construction real estate sector facilitated establishment local construction yard november municipality istanbul construction trucks machines imported turkey yard produces concrete asphalt paving stones building projects istanbul municipality scheduled bring specialists accelerate construction initiative ultimately aims capital infrastructure serve long term concurrently held technology entertainment design conference event organized showcase improvements business development security potential international investors second consecutive conference held following year capital highlighting new enterprises commercial opportunities including establishment city dry cleaning business years number large firms headquarters energy founded major companies trade finance security telecommunications sectors firms based city include largest telecommunications company southern central telecommunications service provider centered capital local generation transmission distribution electric power residents businesses service area villa international architectural firm founded british architect likewise regional offices additionally opened downtown offers islamic finance international banking services swift code system insurance company concurrently established city service insurance firm years national monetary authority headquarters june prime minister signed new foreign investment law draft bill prepared conjunction government attorneys approved cabinet establishes secure legal framework foreign investment country october firm began construction seven storey new high rise slated completed end feature global bank customer financial services center large square meter supermarket room luxury hotel restaurant coffee shop facilities conference event halls addition provides major retail service local open daily convenience chain imports products china firm launched major real estate project january city financed new urban complex includes town houses apartment flats mosque recreational areas supermarket roads slated erected outside northern capital kilometer radius demographics multi ethnic city original core population consisted later arab persian migrants mixture groups produced people composite population unique larger region colonial period european primarily italians contribute city cosmopolitan populace main area ethnic minorities historically village south particularly river valleys bay regions beginning 1970s began moving urban centres displacement caused onset civil war 1990s increased number rural minorities migrating urban areas consequence movements traditional demographic makeup changed significantly years following greatly improved security situation city began returning investment opportunities ongoing post conflict reconstruction process private efforts public initiatives like participated renovation schools hospitals banks infrastructure played leading role capital recovery helped propel local real estate market according population residents largest city world population size urban area occupies square kilometres population density inhabitants square kilometre september scheduled launch population census decades assisted ministry project slated finalized ahead planned local national elections landmarks places worship oldest islamic places worship capital built circa concurrently din mosque contains inscription dated year commemorates late founder ibn constructed financial support main mosque city iconic building society capacity single largest horn region federal authorities completed formal mosque infrastructure upgrades larger governmental renovation campaign aimed end municipal authority historic situated downtown built colonial authorities italian known constructed style based sicily church served traditional seat later incurred significant damage civil war april visit site inspect condition diocese announced plans building palaces official residential palace principal workplace president sits high ground city indian_ocean access harbour airport seat governor italian administrator museums libraries theatres established independence old turned later moved renamed converted regional museum shutting later reopened january holds culturally important artefacts including old coins tools traditional artwork ancient weaponry pottery items established came responsibility culture higher education held approximately books little way historical cultural archival material open general public national library later closed 1990s june organized shipment books united_states initiative library december year authorities officially launched major project rebuild serving director million federal government funded initiative new library complex built capital months preparation additional books states expected arrive opened important cultural landmark national capital closed start civil war early 1990s reopened march reconstruction september federal government chinese counterpart signed official cooperation agreement year national recovery plan pact chinese authorities reconstruct addition major landmarks markets created late administration served open market sale goods services including produce clothing start civil war market controlled militant groups base operations following renovations resumed market shops selling fruit building materials rest city real estate values risen considerably local firm renting newly constructed warehouse market month february administration began renovations market district largest markets city closing operations early 1990s september municipal authorities officially reopened public officials supervising parts market according vice chairman facility open business compete regional markets regulating body language horn region january president announced institute slated finalized conjunction governments scheduled projects construction new headquarters academy recognition traditional position center development promotion language february foundation stone new officially laid inauguration ceremony city hotels number hotels recently constructed city returning investors international community workers establishments main customers meet growing demand hotel representatives begun participating international industry conferences new hotels floor palace hotel built officially opened situated radius room capacity occupancy rate hotel host visitors plans construct larger overall building conference facilities new landslide hotel airport slated completed end year hotels city include palace hotel hotel hotel nasa oriental hotel peace hotel ambassador hotel hotel education home number institutions government urban renewal program schools capital scheduled refurbished reopened established 1950s period programmes facilities expanded developed years expansive institution higher learning departments staff students november cabinet unanimously approved federal government plan reopen closed early 1990s initiative cost million completed august non governmental university governed number professors intellectuals financed saudi_arabia donor institutions university counts hundreds graduates seven continue pursue master degrees abroad thanks scholarship programme established partnerships academic institutions including denmark universities egypt seven universities universities established incumbent president institution subsequently grew acting dean offers range undergraduate courses fields including economics statistics business technology computer science health sciences education law public administration established intention training doctors expanded fields institution city established campus likewise undergoing renovations additionally campus built april prime minister laid foundation stone reconstruction meteorological school new national likewise built international airport institutions capital include established aim providing quality instruction research college staffed experienced master level faculty governed consisting academics prominent features advanced curriculum foundation programs english campus includes physical digital libraries scientific laboratories university member authorized degree granting institution national culture sport stadium constructed administration assistance chinese engineers facility mainly hosting sporting activities cup football matches teams presidential addresses political rallies events held september federal government chinese counterpart signed official cooperation agreement year national recovery plan pact chinese authorities reconstruct major landmarks including stadium stadium stadium major sporting facilities capital launched renovation project facility artificial football turf contributed installed stadium basketball stadium underwent rehabilitation funding provided local firm additionally municipal authority oversaw reconstruction national sporting bodies headquarters likewise centered city manages national team transportation road roads leading connect city neighbouring countries capital cut grid extensive road network streets supporting flow pedestrian traffic october major construction began kilometer road leading airport overseen turkish engineers upgrade completed november included lane road construction initiative larger agreement signed turkish governments establish istanbul sister cities process bring roads modern standards following treaty launched cleaning project conjunction municipal cleaning department initiative saw rubbish collection vehicles equipment operated clean city roads municipality taking operation cleaning project march municipal authority conjunction british norwegian governments began project install solar powered street lights capital major roads equipment imported norway initiative cost lasted months solar panels helped improve night time visibility enhance city overall aesthetic appeal common type public transportation frequently public vehicles city auto number units come designs auto represent lower cost alternative typically charging half price distance flexible rates capacity negotiate narrow lanes low fuel consumption wheeled vehicles appealing investment opportunities small scale generally preferred shorter june new taxi companies started offering road transportation residents fleet vehicles trademark yellow offer rides city flat rates firm nearest competitor charges flat rate plans add new fleet january administration launched city wide street naming house numbering postal codes project officially called post code system joint initiative municipal authorities business community representatives project ongoing modernization development capital according mayor initiative aims help authorities firm security resolve housing ownership disputes march administration likewise launched renovation project major road government public partnership aims facilitate vehicle access area according district commissioner reconstruction initiative road weather resistant slated completed shortly air post independence period offered flights numerous global destinations mid-1960s airport enlarged accommodate international carriers state owned providing regular trips major cities airport landing grounds host small jets type aircraft facility grew considerably size post independence period successive renovation projects outbreak civil war early 1990s flight services experienced routine grounds equipment largely destroyed late 2000s airport situated kilometers south served capital main airport international airport renamed briefly shut late security situation significantly improved federal government eventually managing assume control city august announced contracted manage operations opened period years initiatives worth estimated million invested new airport equipment expanded support services hiring training local workers meet international airport standards company assisted comprehensive infrastructure renovations restored supply electricity revamped baggage handling facilities arrival departure place electronic check systems security work flow additionally connected grounds civil aviation meteorological agency immigration customs commercial officials internet january firm introduced shuttle buses ferry travelers passenger terminal december turkish government unveiled plans airport turkey broader engagement local post conflict reconstruction process scheduled renovations new systems infrastructure including modern control tower monitor september turkish company began operations airport firm announced plans aviation building construct new upgrade modern service structures million project increase airport existing aircraft capacity january new state art terminal opened airport featuring modern passenger facilities glass façade enable airport double number daily commercial flights passengers hour january largest airline services include owned private carriers addition charter planes airport offers flights cities international destinations like istanbul july general director announced government begun preparations revive based national carrier new aircraft scheduled delivery december sea port known official classified major class port largest harbour country damage civil war federal government launched initiative rebuild develop port renovations included installation technology joint international delegation consisting director chinese officials specializing infrastructure reconstruction concurrently visited facility june according port manager delegates local officials received reports port functions rebuilding project planning stages port management reportedly reached agreement representatives iranian company handle vital operations firm slated handle port technical operational functions october federal cabinet endorsed agreement turkish firm manage year period deal secured assigns responsibility rebuilding september federal government officially delegated management firm modernization project cost million railway projects 1980s railway built italians dismantled world war british troops originally intended railway reach remaining tracks inside harbour area media historically served media hub nation film regulatory body established organized annual arab film brought array prominent filmmakers movie experts globe including parts arab world asia europe addition number radio news agencies based federal government run public broadcaster established italian initially aired news items italian station modernized russian assistance following independence began offering home service closing operations early 1990s civil war broadcaster officially opened early 2000s radio stations headquartered city include known based central government owned broadcaster april officially launched station initiative develop national telecommunications sector broadcasts hours day viewed abroad terrestrial satellite platforms popular music enjoys large audience widely sold prior civil war government managing secure city radios play music march open concert held city broadcast live local television april ensemble organized reconciliation music festival international music festival held decades notable twin towns sister cities
Mogadishu