castle ruined medieval fortification village norfolk england built soon william risen ranks anglo norman nobility earl new wealth constructed surrounding deer park combination fortress hunting lodge inherited william descendants passing hands family later sold castle lived fall power isabella extended castle buildings enjoyed lifestyle entertaining son occasions death granted edward black prince form 15th century castle increasingly valued hunting facilities military defences fell disrepair despite construction new living quarters service facilities middle 16th century derelict henry_viii sold property duke norfolk castle buildings demolished 19th century mary inherited property castle renovated restored victorian scholars examined site opened public castle passed custody state carried work programme archaeological investigation english heritage passed management site current owner baron continues operate castle tourist attraction comprises defended large earthworks covering total area hectares acres historians consider impressive britain inner bailey great probably modelled features extensive designs including buttresses historians believe finest norman keeps military utility political symbolism extensively discussed academics castle originally surrounded carefully managed landscape planned town castle deer park rabbit stretched intended viewed lord chamber great history 12th 13th centuries built soon william mobile anglo norman noble owned surrounding manor william married widow king henry year earl transformed social position chronicler complained looked world king new wealth william built new castle norfolk expanded castle castle located miles port king 12th century typically reached boat channel ran nearby following norman conquest england land granted administrative centre buildings site later castle norfolk prosperous region period location castle strategically important militarily significance regional muster point surrounding lands populated poor acidic agricultural soil attraction site william believed relatively cheap easy place build substantial new building establish large hunting park argues william essentially built hunting lodge site massive resources required construct included large defences stone adjacent deer park castle project existing settlement moved away north planned settlement adjacent new castle pre existing norman chapel site built encircled castle defences new parish church built town instead possible church pre dates castle william received permission king stephen open mint castle probably linked development settled community jews town uncertain william actually stayed new castle wife probably preferred reside estates south england william descendants chose new buckingham castle serve main castle norfolk prolonged civil war known anarchy broke england followers king stephen ending son henry_ii finally inherited kingdom despite william having backed stephen war end conflict proved loyal supporter henry allowed retain possessions henry operation regional closed facility castle rising local jews king second rapid phase construction work castle occurred probably response major rebellion henry_ii william supported king fought rebels battle neighbouring suffolk time height earth defences doubled internal level west bailey raised form platform castle inherited william turn son grandson died leaving brother hugh probably time chapel inside castle walls fallen use religious building instead employed secular purposes metres walls different rest building theory explain castle fact completed lifetime final work walls carried descendants hugh died childless castle passed 14th century prominent family estates region family fortunes declined younger brother robert childless sold rights castle crown marks effectively selling crown life time lease wife emma alternative theory explain different style stonework building completed william dilapidated start 14th century requiring extensive repairs robert raised height end time new peaked roof added imposing timber framed brick kitchen built inner bailey time robert agreement crown government england controlled france ruling regent young son isabella fell power edward toppled coup état short period house arrest led relatively normal life enjoying considerable status king mother edward granted isabella royal castles england including robert died emma sold rights castle isabella isabella main residences death isabella wealthy woman king granted yearly income increased enjoyed lifestyle norfolk maintaining received visits edward royal household occasions despite large income isabella ran long standing debts local merchants near castle time took castle new set buildings constructed central bailey including west range containing residential suite new private chapel south range linking service buildings existing kitchen reused great hall isabella lived west range formal occasions accommodation senior guests brick wall outside inner bailey built time provide additional security castle passed isabella grandson decreed son inherit castle isabella death complete surrounding manor right tolls king brought relatively modest year arrangement king declared castle permanent estate traditionally assigned use prince wales prince undertook repairs castle including spending repairing tower uncertain castle refers prince died returning control crown time appears maintained good condition ordered occasions raise local forces counter threat french invasion equipped cannons built isabella brick wall inner bailey constructed period rights castle changed hands times despite edward charter having permanent richard government gave castle john duke brittany exchange richard subsequently gave castle uncle thomas duke gloucester uncle duke york shortly richard overthrown courts declared grants illegal returned castle possession future 15th 18th centuries 15th early 16th centuries continued owned cornwall castle military defences wars roses increasingly prominent hunting facility role constable castle combined surveyor ranger castle castle prestigious location period facilities extensive castles known hunting senior visitors castle included queen france duke suffolk included nobles lord earl oxford minor repairs castle carried period including castle bridge state property gradually declined old removed early 15th century new larger facility constructed place built new rest buildings inner bailey left deteriorate reports stated buildings longer survey carried described castle noted roof rotten survey urged existing repair works buildings bailey completed suggested worth repairing excessive cost despite challenges fresh construction work carried time southern range kitchen pulled replaced new set guests complete stables resulting buildings particularly robust problems reappeared survey noted exception new castle ruin roof collapsed probably floors great hall chamber survey necessary repairs walls inner bailey time adapted form separate smaller set chambers point dug walls link passing floor rooms henry_viii bequeathed castle duke norfolk property continued decline castle earthworks allowed infested rabbits caused extensive damage survey suggested fully castle cost pulled sold value materials realise end century inner bailey finally cleared buildings new pulled west range old norman chapel leaving ruined alongside newer chapel uncertain foundations old chapel slowly covered earth defences 17th century ground floor hardened gravel dug probably reuse roads pathways apartments abandoned fell decay lands surrounding castle bringing end stone stripped castle help repair nearby gate 19th 21st centuries continued owned howard family 19th century inherited husband began undertake restoration work basement repairing stonework ground level inner bailey built years lowered metre according contemporary archaeologist process required thousands loads earth dug removed great deal medieval archaeological evidence destroyed process work uncovered old norman chapel excavated building mary continued excavation work castle site death restored stonework chapel initially chapel believed origin buried earthworks constructed argument ensued antiquarian championed anglo saxon dating site insisted chapel fact norman origin issue settled later 20th century norman date confirmed castle open public overseen lived corner section turned apartment castle condition deteriorated took legal custody site continued owned howard family conservation work took place 1960s stonework archaeological investigations carried focusing church defences inner bailey research centred archaeological excavations recording remains similar castles investigated period site preserved monument grass laid remaining stonework foundations excavations carried construction ticket office castle english_heritage took control castle continued operate tourist attraction 21st century castle protected law ancient monument grade listed building remains custody english_heritage managed owner baron architecture landscape landscape fortification constructed carefully designed landscape castle town moved new site castle built settlement appears laid grid plan design possibly bounded ditches castle positioned similar fashion new religious house founded nearby important symbols time considered essential parts properly established castle castle deer park merged larger positioned castle similar way castle castle effectively formed interface town park great hall faced settlement lord chamber overlooked park creating symbolic divide public private aspects building rising chase miles square miles km2 utilised marginal farm land contributed design light woodland south castle ideal grazing deer park designed aesthetics mind shaped boundaries stretched horizon viewed similar design park originally provided castle products probably ornamental practical character including space open grazing centre park designed visible castle chamber castle incorporated large rabbit warren important source food fur period stretched kilometres away south west castle architecture rectangular west east oval inner bailey middle substantial defences ditches earthworks cover total area hectares acres considered historians impressive britain interior western bailey form platform longer directly connected rest castle eastern bailey metres metres formed protective covering entrance way inner bailey stone bridge connects eastern bailey inner bailey metres retaining original stonework base remainder rebuilt times bridge leads stone gatehouse dating built substantially taller longer today originally equipped stone later built outside additional protection gatehouse inner bailey forms metres metres size metres banks metres high defensive ditch originally half height uncertain placed bank built wooden possibly timber remains 14th century brick wall built additional metre layer sand stability survived bank towers built walls medieval period left mark earth banks location uncertain main architectural focus inner bailey great contained norman chapel 14th century onwards complex smaller residential service buildings visible stone foundations north belong chapel range built bailey seen north bailey remains norman chapel comprised nave square tower chancel metres metres metres square square metres metres respectively built local grey sandstone roman tiles nearby construct roof incorporated walls originally tower church bell casting pit buried floor nave stone bench runs base walls 19th century stone base font nave lost piece early medieval graffiti possibly depicting norman soldier survived south exterior wall fireplace added chapel tudor period use years abandoned consider finest norman keeps early example longer form buildings called hall taken huge resources erect externally resembles henry keeps appears inspired design rising internal layout probably based imitating royal castle county intended loyalty crown troubled years anarchy built courses local brown rubble strengthened laid stone walls reinforce structure main body metres metres wide walls approximately metres high running east prominent buttresses giving describes impression strength dignity corners buttresses forming turrets extensive detail outside including west decorative stonework interior divided internal wall improve structural strength division running north south building basement main sections north room metres metres pillars supporting great hall south chamber metres metres size leads ground floor metres wide steps arched waiting room windows mixture tudor modern floor great hall metres metres open sky original entrance way blocked chimney converted separate apartment tudor period additional entrance way inserted castle wall fireplace later filled tudor tiles mural dug tudor period leads kitchen service quarters southern great chamber large original 12th century fireplace mixture original tri windows 19th century additions far end great chamber ornate chapel norman originally built relatively self contained needed additional function residence second floor limited space contains small room chapel possibly chaplain castle guards later equipped additional room level metres metres remained inhabited longer rest castle contains 19th century fireplace upper metres walls different design main body building described result final phase construction period repair renovation shortly utility symbolism 20th century historians stressed potential military strength example concluded defence overwhelming consideration design construction argued final refuge case attack siege believe military strength castle failed impress contemporaries suggested effective defensive feature enabling defenders attack way stairs describing deadly near approach castle interior despite defensive qualities extensively debated historian argues large windows significant weakness easy fire arrows bailey questioned utility defensive arrow slits suggests positioned designed site overlooked higher ground considers key defensive weakness great keeps important symbolically 12th century historian described castle rising fortress palace forming palace surrounding earthworks practical defences reflected status typically owners recently advanced social scale william keen impress new authority mind positioning exposed higher ground prominent valley entrance castle designed communicate visitor status castle lord came gatehouse past earthworks bailey south deliberately facing entrance revealed covered fashionable carving decorative features visitors walked stairs waiting room originally largely open elements allowed decorative entrance door doorway led great hall lord possibly sat throne left met visitor ceremonial entrance
Castle Rising (castle)