river flows hampshire england joins upper river source power earliest recorded use survey conducted operational buildings housed mills exist cases retain machinery upper section noted number early bridges survived construction fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth centuries lower river junction navigation boats section following improvements navigation completed earl river constructing locks small cuts work completed bridges built time survive opening mid sussex railway branch traffic declined commercial use river ceased 1880s pleasure boats continued river years published accounts journeys decaying navigation appeared navigation officially abandoned undergraduate pointed public right way river flows designated site nature conservation importance recognition value wildlife supports wide range fish upper reaches location sussex native white found quality water generally good river measured stations main channel junction water underlying adjacent chalk helps maintain flows summer months despite fact large volumes river public water supply history following improvements allowed boats reach navigate far upstream canal engineer asked survey river recalled surveyed year construction finished 3rd earl based house obtained act parliament enable improve act authorised branch canal owned land adjacent river precise route navigation specified free improve channel cuts saw fit restriction cuts gardens enclosed grounds compared canals time charges navigation low earl wanted develop region profit river lower section construction length navigation miles miles consisted new cuts rest following existing channel rose feet series locks cost build traffic consisted coal transported river timber corn marble direction branch connected short canal miles long locks terminated south town opened having cost earl build lasted years road diverted access easier canal ceased unlike canals brought neighbourhood carry work earl employed local men project employed clergyman praised writing led disruption provided increased income worked scheme wages rose shillings week shillings life earl invested waterways native county sussex attempts build canal london portsmouth average income canal year competition arrived opened line traffic declined 1880s navigation longer commercial boats officially abandoned closure despite navigation closed guide published advertised hired fishing enjoyed boats hired called business continued burned rowing boats available hire book called new guide published suggested river distance miles sufficient water time locks boats carried river bank near bordered estate earl collapsed earl suggested lord successor pay repair disagreement compromise reached bank repaired fitted upper end lock men paying half cost lord assumed navigation finally obtained act abandonment responsibilities maintenance ended heavy rain floods destroyed adjacent resulting river levels 8th earl estate dropping feet earl issued writ lord damages case heard high_court agreed navigation useless men share costs rebuilding responsibility maintenance pass earl river lock published book entitled holidays inland waterways described journey river friends boat hired reached days boat sent train account similar journey friend appeared water flows published described canoe journeys rivers southern england period seven years warrant abandonment obtained jointly estates oxford undergraduate called pointed river officially right way offer pay appropriate tolls use boat expect owners rebuild locks powers invoked declare navigation longer necessary despite objections canoe club warrant granted april environment agency noted navigation rights river existing status navigation unknown river flows area outstanding natural beauty designated national park large area consisting chalk south river valley underlying river separated consists clay western edge region chalk turn north creating slope base flow river consists water springs chalk slope help maintain flows river summer months significant periods flows low notably drought early 1990s led declines populations invertebrates measure health river subsequently recovered order monitor series observation valley maintains stations princes marsh close source halfway bridge river junction river joins flows river sewage treatment works largest princes marsh million imperial gallons day million imperial gallons day entire river including parts tributaries designated local authorities flows recognition value wildlife upper reaches important fish populations brown trout juvenile sea trout spawning early development populations stone concern declining fish stocks thought partly caused soil erosion leading sediments deposited river bed exacerbated low flows river parts lower river support types fish areas particularly immediately upstream major species pike perch lowest reaches order assist movement fish river particularly migrate spawn fish passes constructed stations known population native white sussex located upper reaches quality water generally good helped fact chalk high quality small streams upper reaches licensed areas water river raised levels largely caused agricultural produced improvement plans address number sources agricultural urban pollution natural flows river affected water public water supply locations water course river including site upper reaches million imperial gallons day volume exceeds million imperial gallons junction removes million imperial gallons day river etymology river takes way round derived meaning cattle bridge saxon administrative group parishes river known route route description split sections source river powered mills navigation closed 1880s locks section bypassed additional water mills source rises springs near hampshire main supplies beds passing south village continues eastwards reach mill mill house attached barn date late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries built brick grade listed original machinery mill operational water supply diverted stream turns south east passes west bypass old route joined streams turns south reach railway station railway river follow general route river crosses railway times reaching sheet northern edge village river joined mill passing road east village reaches joins west course turns east hamlet forms civil parish passes ruins monastery situated north bank scheduled ancient monument site includes barn water wheel associated drive shafts south bank mill house grade listed structure built mill enlarged listed little downstream road crosses river bridge build early semi circular arches restored north hamlet crosses river bridge round headed arches probably built seventeenth century earlier built stone restored eighteenth century north hamlet civil parish grade listed structure consists mills operational north mill timber framed building clad dating sixteenth century south mill built stone rubble converted house contains iron mill machinery earliest documentary evidence mill dates adjacent mill house parts date eighteenth century listed building river turns north pass east crossed dating early arches river turns east shaped timber framed building dating fifteenth century parish church dates eleventh century located north bank eighteenth century stone brick bridge arches carries lane river continuing eastwards river crossed narrow stone bridge arches dating seventeenth century west bridge site mill recorded survey completed remains mill site wheat mill mill building paper mill eighteenth century continued operate destroyed fire civil parish crosses river stone bridge arches date seventeenth century later addition river makes large loop north situated mill building demolished mill house listed structure loop northern edge dates fifteenth sixteenth centuries arches restored grade listed structure loop north river passes north east south west bridge carries road wide arches construction structure difficult pedestrian bridge built north west attached original bridge arches widened addition arch outside bridge mill house adjoining water mill mill carries date house similar age built stages river flows briefly south passing east bank scheduled ancient monument consists medieval fortified house partly ruined reused situated grade listed park forms grounds house nineteenth century mansion miles east opposite bank bailey castle dating twelfth century point river mouth terminus navigation stream southern edge wharf basin close road called wharf bridge crosses navigation wharf junction main river built restored commemorate silver jubilee lock near little farm lock cut loop north flows north springs near alongside river short distance joins site lock bridge built stone rubble main arch navigation smaller arch north repaired brick straight cut large south close bypasses south fed mill building dates eighteenth century converted house seventeenth century timber framed mill house listed building castle immediately south mill modern timber yard saw mill located north lock site carries minor road river dates construction navigation river joins north bank bridge widening modern river close dismantled branch london brighton marks site south lock structure north fourth lock river point runs south large west head mill stream ran east lock built west mill carries road mill stream near built provide better water supply house pump powered water wheel cast feet diameter corn mills mill recorded site mill turbines replaced wheels standby engines installed destroyed fire steel framed concrete building replaced ceased operate building demolished beam pump located beneath building rescued restored pump longer performs original function supplies fountain near visitor centre lock cut built large north bridge tail lock built red grey brick single round headed arch dates construction navigation virtually nearby canal headed northwards end cut river joined stream supplied iron forge built crossed built nineteenth century red brick grey stone arches mill building unused poor condition built enlarged stands grounds mill house rebuilt lock cut ran south western edge site bridge consists southern section originally built sixteenth century rebuilt modified navigation built enable boats pass centre arch north section adjacent dates near junction river loops south large cut ran start join original junction lock downstream end fed lock bypassed mill enable boats reach cut headed south junction mill destroyed construction water treatment works modern near mouth closer junction lock conservation set objective enhancing protecting river connected waterways charity objectives concerning education fisheries biodiversity access pollution organisation registered limited company asked produce plan working arc partnership ensure local opinion adequately represented document points interest
River Rother, West Sussex