fungal genus family genus containing single species commonly known pink crown violet crown cup violet star cup whitish grayish cup fungus distinguished manner cup splits downward commonly found mountains coniferous woods forest floor appears snow late spring early summer fungus widespread collected europe israel asian turkey north_africa north_america europe considered threatened species countries taxa described species introduction genus lack modern descriptions transferred related genus considered synonymous fruit body typically found partially buried soil initially like hollow ball mistaken unlike splits open downwards form cup pointed rays reaching diameter brown inside surface whitish outside usually soil characteristic microscopic features include tips stain blue tip smooth blunt ended ellipsoid spores large oil thought good edible recommended consumption reports causing stomach instance death fruit bodies known toxic soil taxonomy classification phylogeny genus described accommodate species known originally named dutch scientist underwent changes assigned current greek genus means flesh ball latin specific epithet refers crown like form open fruit body species commonly known names including crown fungus pink crown violet crown cup violet star cup taxa named belonging genus years lack modern descriptions reported original collections example renamed based originally described species collected michigan originally described considered distinct basis smaller spore size described taxa reduced transferred genera originally later transferred considered publication correct originally transferred considered synonyms originally originally transferred 10th edition dictionary fungi considers confirmed valid described genus based single collection oregon type species thought classified defunct order fruit body subterranean growth habit later noted mycologist strongly resemble thirty years later revisited original collection site eastern oregon found fresh specimens closely matched original description specimens opened similar suggesting original specimens simply emerged opened habitat factors microscopic examination preserved type material revealed species called considered generic synonym classified family order phylogenetic analysis dna sequences suggests forms clade genera taxa sister group family species families distinct taxa positive reaction wall recent phylogenetic analysis combining data derived genes large beta shown closely related genus earlier results sequences description partly fruiting underground emerges ground whitish cream colored hollow ball young specimens covered entirely easily removed thin protective membrane matures splits open expose inner spore bearing layer hymenium cup diameter roughly spherical initially breaking series projections fruit body shape crown outer surface cup white inner surface gray age color fade brownish color flesh white thick fragile specimens short stalk spores hyaline translucent smooth ellipsoid ends dimensions usually contain large oil drops sterile cells interspersed spore producing cells wide tip branched divide cells compartments cylindrical measure tips stain blue melzer reagent finely cylindrical slightly swollen tips base similar species immature fruit bodies mistaken distinguished hollow interior mature specimens somewhat resemble yellowish brown species purple coloration classified genus exterior surface colored brown dark brown young cup shaped pinkish colored hymenium smaller cup shaped cup fungus resembles form subterranean growth habit surface hymenium cream colored outer surface covered brown hairs included potential indistinguishable edibility distinctive taste odor source says gets older odor reminiscent older literature describes good edible species modern literature recommended consumption gives individuals discomfort similar poisoning symptoms caused number attributed species reported europe including fatal poisoning area following warning issued eat raw fruit bodies edible cooking rarely collected mushroom commercial value chemical composition fruit bodies collected turkey analyzed dried fruit bodies determined contain following components protein fat ash including non fresh fruit bodies moisture content mushrooms good source element shown study present concentration dry weight ecology habitat distribution historically assumed saprobic acquiring nutrients breaking decaying organic matter fungus found trees known form locally abundant occurs year year location indicative mycorrhizal lifestyle results study fungi suggest species generally include fungi previously thought fruit bodies found singly scattered broad leaf woods favoring beech frequently conifers preference soils noted grow acidic bedrock initial development subterranean young fruit bodies easy usually covered dirt forest common mountainous locations occur frequently spring near melting snow fungus distributed european countries north_africa north_america british_columbia eastward michigan new_york south veracruz mexico collected israel asian turkey europe fungus red listed countries considered threatened species short listed inclusion fungi threats species include loss degradation habitats soil disturbance fruit bodies toxic heavy metal soil form compound acid toxic relatively dangerous concentrations dry weight reached reported publication mature specimen collected near town czech_republic found content dry weight highest concentration reported mushroom typically content mycorrhizal mushrooms collected areas lower turkish study wild edible mushroom species collected areas known highest concentration dry weight concentration tested mushrooms ranged cited books encyclopedia fungi britain europe london isbn cannon dictionary fungi 10th isbn
Sarcosphaera