singapore referred malaysia outlying island easternmost point singapore means white rock portuguese portuguese pronunciation refers whitish bird deposited rock island consists small granite rocks area square metres low water spring tide measures longest metres average width metres despite singapore sovereignty island unique distinction located planning area political constituency country situated meets maritime features near sovereignty malaysia consists clusters small rocks metres apart situated nautical miles south nautical miles south south west rock formation visible low tide known sailors centuries originally territory founded remained new british sphere influence following signing anglo dutch treaty united_kingdom netherlands british built lighthouse island seeking consent authorities informing decision time straits settlements administered island singapore assumed responsibility dissolution straits settlements september acting state secretary responding colonial secretary singapore status island stated government claim ownership december malaysia published map showed island territorial waters ignited year territorial dispute issue sovereignty nearby maritime features presented resolution ruled singapore sovereignty island originally sovereignty united_kingdom singapore carried acts sovereignty respect island failure malaysia predecessors respond acts actions demonstrated singapore sovereignty island meant singapore gained sovereignty hand remains malaysian territory singapore manifested acts sovereignty respect court rule definitively remaining merely declaring belonged state territorial waters located malaysia singapore established named maritime boundary area determine ownership etymology means white rock portuguese refers whitish bird deposited rock black island nesting ground english language language press singapore malaysia referred island means white rock island government malaysia subsequently decided drop word island august foreign minister said malaysia considered maritime feature meet internationally recognised criteria island land inhabited humans economic activity island known chinese pinyin means white reef tamil geography located island area square metres low water spring tide measures longest mere metres average width metres approximately nautical miles east singapore nautical miles south malaysia nautical miles north indonesia maritime features near sovereignty malaysia consists clusters small rocks metres apart situated nautical miles south island stand metres metres permanently water hand rock formation visible low tide nautical miles south south west ownership definitively determined malaysia singapore rock samples composed light coarse granite standpoint maritime features belong rock body history 1840s known sailors centuries chinese sailing instructions based information compiled admiral advised navigator departing dragon teeth gate rocky gateway singapore steer course watches vessel reached mentioned dutch voyager account publication work island began appearing regularly european maps far_east english edition work stated cape hook named east miles miles lies sea called come china danger left pilots come way originally territory founded son sultan century dutch governor wrote asking send boats cruise south vicinity stop chinese traders entering plan force chinese captured straits diverted action provoked protest showed sultan regarded seizure infringement sovereignty area letters written government india singapore confirm understanding islands region came addition 19th century documents exercised authority sea people inhabited maritime areas visited letter november government surveyor singapore reported need exclude built calling half fishing half sect noted frequently visit rock visits encouraged trust straits neighbouring shores islands lives taken people march united_kingdom netherlands signed anglo dutch treaty divided old new new british sphere influence dutch influence article treaty britain agreed shall islands south islands straits fell british sphere influence included remained territorial domain new 1840s captain scottish prepared charts sailing instructions china cape good hope intermediate ports died merchants felt building fitting tribute early november proposed preferred sites preference expressed time november governor straits settlements wrote sultan matter letters found english translations replies dated november indicate sultan favoured proposal particular wrote east india company liberty light house spot deemed eligible days later november governor wrote secretary government india recommend lighthouse sited things said rock willingly enclosed replies received sultan apparently governor understanding situation communicate sultan unclear correspondence limited extended potential sites lighthouse sovereignty place chosen lighthouse ceded permission build maintain operate lighthouse granted august governor wrote government india indicating trusted construction lighthouse begin soon light quarters daily paramount importance vessels wrecked vicinity coast april lords admiralty london informed inclined think best point lighthouse captain commander steamer called carried surveys august report dated august said decidedly opinion proper position light placed safety shipping entering departing following day governor wrote government india stating government perceive true position lighthouse october president council india approved site lighthouse gave approval february year government india asked governor measures construction lighthouse evidence authorities singapore thought necessary desirable inform authorities decision lighthouse seek consent erection private subscribers wishing commemorate raised sum compound interest came spanish dollars paid singapore authorities funds building works government india agreement authorised governor prepare law imposing duty vessels entering singapore asked immediate measures begin constructing lighthouse light act duly enacted council january appointed governor architect project took charge planning supervising construction construction work began late march early april queen_victoria birthday foundation stone laid ceremony conducted members newly founded east attended governor commander singapore garrison rear admiral foreign construction lighthouse continued till october resumed monsoon april involved including chinese assistants indian convict labourers cook assistant defend island attack pirates pirates notorious construction chinese labourers killed pirate raids building materials supplies brought supported required stayed island supervise works ceremonial lighting lamp arranged september attended governor foreign dignitaries senior residents singapore reported simultaneous rising guests dinner table announced process illumination commenced cheers welcomed light like probably serve guide midnight path thousand years come october lighthouse permanently turned finally departed singapore november 1970s india declared property straits settlements singapore crown colony straits settlements light houses ordinance lighthouse singapore duties levied ships passing abolished instead costs lighthouse shared neighbouring states following world war singapore separate straits settlements joined states including form june colonial secretary singapore wrote british adviser sultan clarify status noted rock outside limits ceded island singapore treaty friendship alliance august entered maintaining lighthouse built international usage doubt rights obligations colony asked document showing lease grant rock ceded government state way disposed acting state secretary replied september government claim ownership correspondence indicated understood sovereignty united_kingdom colony singapore self governing state left british_empire join years later singapore fully independent republic official publication meteorological information collected malaya listed singapore station lighthouse described way joint malaysian publication year singapore left federation countries began reporting meteorological information separately malaysia ceased referring maps published malaysian surveyor general director general mapping island indicated word singapore designation island singapore sovereignty hand designation island malaysian sovereignty singapore operated lighthouse singapore replaced original fired lamp automated navigational lights 1970s considered feasibility carrying square metres land ahead project permission installed military station shared subsequently installed eastern half island communications tower odd ships pass daily south middle channels main shipping channels eastern present 1980s malaysian marine police boats entered waters occasions malaysia singapore acted restraint having given strict instructions matters prime minister malaysia visit vicinity island boat intercepted singapore naval vessels avoid international incident directed boat leave effect june declared protected area meaning consequently permit maritime required access island presence criminal offence october man convicted illegally landing court documents said gone indonesia later married started family indonesian woman left unstable income inability hold job illegally indonesia cheated passport personal documents friend lee hatched plan pretend lost fisherman hope rescue singapore february paid transport sea coast guard navy patrols disembarked arrested staff stationed lee pleaded guilty illegally entering singapore landing place second charge found protected place permission taken consideration sentencing purposes lee pro lawyer said sign warning island lee sentenced weeks imprisonment speaking november minister mentor mentioned considered land building nuclear power plant plant built main island singapore international standards require safety zone kilometres plant recognised probably feasible kilometres malaysian coast territorial dispute case december director published map entitled boundaries malaysia showing territorial waters singapore rejected claim diplomatic note february asked map corrected dispute resolved exchange correspondence talks round talks february issue sovereignty raised malaysia singapore agreed submit dispute signing special agreement purpose february court july case heard peace palace november delivered judgment held originally sovereignty conduct singapore predecessors title sovereign failure malaysia predecessors respond conduct showed dispute parties arose sovereignty island passed singapore relevant conduct singapore predecessors included investigating marine accidents vicinity island planning land works installing naval communications equipment requiring malaysian officials wishing visit island obtain permits contrast successors taken action respect island june century acting secretary stated claim ownership visits island singapore express permission maps published malaysia 1960s 1970s indicated recognised singapore sovereignty like sultan held original ancient title middle rocks singapore exercised rights sovereign middle rocks determined malaysia retained sovereignty maritime feature noted fell apparently overlapping territorial waters mainland malaysia court mandated draw line respect territorial waters malaysia singapore area question simply held sovereignty belonged state owned territorial waters located reactions decision malaysia singapore agreed respect accept decision malaysian foreign minister later said country renewed search letters written governor sultan seeking permission build noted rules allowed case reviewed years new evidence response singapore law minister said city state wait new evidence malaysian government come week delivery judgment asked malaysian media cease word island refer july response questions singapore members parliament senior minister state foreign affairs stated maritime territory island included territorial sea nautical miles condemned malaysia foreign minister spirit legal structure claim unacceptable principles international law response spokesman said singapore stated claim territorial sea september reiterated claim following judgment statements clear limits singapore territorial sea overlapped claims neighbouring countries singapore negotiate countries arrive agreed accordance international law august said malaysia took view singapore entitled claim considered maritime feature meet internationally recognised criteria island land inhabited humans economic activity national day awards august singapore announced awards conferred number people organisations special contributions case chief justice ambassador large justice attorney general singapore appeared counsel advocates singapore respectively awarded order second class order class distinguished service order service medal conferred special consultant attorney general chambers people attorney general chambers maritime receive public administration medal medal efficiency medal president certificate issued maritime awards presented november resolution outstanding issues malaysia singapore established named maritime boundary area determine ownership following meeting june committee agreed technical sub committee established oversee conduct joint survey works prepare way talks maritime issues area incident occurred waters provide humanitarian assistance vessels involved finally malaysian fishermen continue traditional fishing activities waters september reported joint survey works technical preparations survey provide data future discussions maritime formed meeting august decided traditional fishing activities countries continue waters nautical miles articles singapore encyclopedia singapore editions isbn archived original april books john isbn tommy road singapore association isbn isbn singapore account light house erected near singapore singapore news reports june singapore gets july singapore claim ground archived original july december story told book scenes account year saga december storm fire today archived original december images singapore aerial photograph image island google maps
Pedra Branca, Singapore