born january welsh theoretical physicist professor emeritus physics university_of_cambridge best known pioneering work quantum awarded nobel prize physics prediction effect year old phd student cambridge won nobel prize physics shared prize jointly received half award work quantum spent academic career member theory condensed matter group cambridge fellow cambridge served professor physics early 1970s took meditation turned attention issues outside parameters mainstream science set mind matter unification project explore idea intelligence nature relationship quantum mechanics consciousness synthesis science eastern broadly known quantum interests led express support topics water memory cold fusion focus criticism fellow scientists early life career education born cardiff wales jewish parents née attended credits school masters having helped particularly physics master introduced theoretical physics went cambridge read mathematics cambridge completing years finding somewhat sterile decided switch physics known cambridge brilliant shy student physicist recalled oxford discuss exam results reader physics cambridge asking going theory like knife butter undergraduate published paper effect pointing crucial issue researchers overlooked according eminent physicist speaking wrote papers important assure place history physics discovery effect graduated research student university laboratory old site supervised american physicist future nobel prize spent year cambridge recalled having class experience lecturer assure right come explain class period phd student carried research led discovery effect cambridge unveiled plaque building dedicated discovery november elected fellow obtained phd thesis entitled non linear discovery effect years old work quantum won nobel prize discovered tunnel thin barrier predicting according physicist junction current flow drop voltage voltage drop current frequency related drop voltage dependence magnetic field known effect junction junction calculations published physics letters chosen new journal paper entitled possible new effects received june published july confirmed princeton appeared paper probable observation effect submitted january anderson confirmed calculations american physicist shared nobel prize physics shared objected work submitted article july arguing flow disagreement led famous confrontation september year queen london eighth international conference low temperature physics eminent world began speaking student stood interrupted men exchanged views reportedly civil soft spoken manner writes discovery effect led important physics including invention quantum interference devices geology highly sensitive measurements medicine computing work build prototype computer times faster nobel prize awarded important prizes discovery including outstanding contributions science hughes medal prize won nobel prize physics sharing award scientists worked quantum awarded half prize theoretical predictions properties tunnel barrier particular phenomena generally known effects half award shared equally japanese physicist new_york norwegian american physicist general_electric new_york experimental discoveries phenomena respectively unusually winners held awarded prize positions held spent year united_states research assistant professor returning cambridge assistant director research remained member theory condensed matter group theoretical physics group rest career elected fellow year awarded fellowship spent year reader physics cambridge professor position held retired meditation early visiting faculty member netherlands movement held visiting early interest meditation interested philosophy mind late particular mind body problem scientists argue phenomena paranormal themes real began practising meditation popular celebrities famously beatles winning nobel prize gave freedom work orthodox areas increasingly involved including science conferences fellow scientists talking meditation higher states consciousness angered scientists molecular cellular versailles inviting read 5th 2nd century bce work founder movement arguing special states consciousness achieved meditation forces scientist shouted listen wild wrote session ended year addressed held welcome cambridge following month canadian conference scientists tested claims teenager said abilities apparently told reporter believed manning powers new kind energy later withdrew corrected statement said long interest paranormal meant dismiss ideas hand presidents trinity set trinity fund research administered college continued explore idea intelligence nature particularly reading took advanced form known program according anderson movement produced poster showing inches floor argued meditation lead mystical scientific insights result come believe creator involved mid group associated investigating paranormal claims organized loosely called effectively house according historian science lot popular government interest time quantum mechanics american government financing research able understand found demand ideas quantum physics particularly bell quantum explore issues action distance remote viewing travelled california meet leading members group laser authors set psi lab papers published work included testing later claims objects nature peer reviewed journals san_francisco_chronicle covered visit organized consciousness cambridge publishing proceedings consciousness conference science consciousness followed year later spain attended addressed set mind matter unification project explore intelligent processes nature told future science consider quantum mechanics particular kinds organised complex system quantum manifestation organisation paranormal phenomena reception views scientific community delivered memorial lecture lecture sir wrote long physics colourful figures support unorthodox causes attracted criticism fellow scientists 1970s including regards criticism prejudice believes served academic support network repeatedly criticized science consensus arguing scientific community quick reject certain kinds ideas goes physics community cosmic time travel argues long keeps distance mystical new age referring position disbelief holds responsible rejection academic journals papers paranormal compared theory continental drift proposed explain observations resisted ridiculed evidence led acceptance death science writer criticized complaining article ridiculed complained booklet celebrating nobel prize centenary wrote britain forefront research physicist said let supporting nonsense physicist suggested skating thin ice given work parallel time travel criticized experiment test claims russian inside people bodies special kind vision experiment involved asked match people confirmed medical conditions plus pass test correct matches argued significant experiment set fail researchers professor psychology responded record publishing professor applied statistics supported position experiment inadequate determine effect reputation promoting unorthodox causes cemented support ideas water memory cold fusion rejected mainstream scientists water memory purported provide explanation dismissed scientists expressed support attending conference french proposed cold fusion hypothesis nuclear reactions occur room temperature british chemist pioneered research died wrote supportive obituary guardian complained nature obituary failed credit london withdrew invitation conference theory work paranormal reinstated complaints awards selected works
Brian Josephson