class battleship class russian battleships dreadnoughts built imperial_russian_navy ships built world war ships built built russian ships delivered saw combat german warships gifted ottoman_empire completed saw combat disorder navy february revolution earlier year sunk magazine explosion harbor having renamed scuttled harbor prevent turned germans required treaty brest crew iii renamed voted turn germans able training cruise turn victorious allies armistice terms british took control turned renamed general gun turret time provided fire support whites forced evacuate later year sailed fleet tunisia interned french eventually scrapped 1930s pay docking fees design development began planning class dreadnoughts learned ottomans verge ordering dreadnoughts british rumor proved false russians decided continue design process time ottomans dreadnoughts preliminary specifications issued august design based class battleships built knots mph thought excessive confined black_sea new design capable knots mph allowed weight devoted guns heavier armor main armament dozen inch guns triple turrets specified linear non superfiring arrangements sixteen millimeter anti torpedo boat guns replaced millimeter pattern guns counter increasing size torpedo boats maximum elevation inch guns increased class ships turret armor increased design competition announced july contenders favored design gave preliminary orders ships september competition concluded november design selected government transferred designers government owned complete set drawings class speed detailed design process general characteristics ships class meters long overall beam meters load draft meters displaced long tons standard load high steel hull mild steel areas contribute structural strength hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine room divided longitudinal bulkheads double provided designed metacentric height meters slightly larger half sisters enlarged effort counter usual problem russian battleships weight meters long waterline beam meters feet inches longer feet wider half sisters exact draft known draft meters trials displacement long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons proved bow heavy service tended ship large amounts water forward casemates ammunition forward inch guns reduced rounds ammunition reduced rounds gun attempt compensate trim fully cure problem lost changes implemented fully cure problem known forward pair guns removed fitting suffer degree trim bow virtue greater size retained forward guns propulsion built ships fitted parsons type steam turbines imported united_kingdom turbines built technical assistance designed total shaft horsepower shp produced shp trials mixed firing triangular yarrow water tube boilers powered turbines working pressure kpa psi designed speed knots maximum coal capacity ranged long tons plus long tons fuel oil gave range approximately nautical miles speed nautical miles economical speed electrical power generated main curtis turbo generators auxiliary units armament main armament class consisted dozen inch pattern caliber guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship guns identical class ships turrets new design fore aft turrets traverse total middle turrets covered arc guns depressed elevated loaded angle rate fire supposed rounds minute elevation turrets elevate second traverse rate second rounds gun carried load guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range meters secondary armament consisted millimeter caliber pattern guns mounted casemates arranged groups guns forward turret rear funnel remaining rear turret guns situated fire ahead likely direction attack torpedo boats anticipated rate fire ranged rounds minute provided rounds gun maximum range meters kilogram shell muzzle velocity anti aircraft armament originally planned october specified caliber inch guns new design fitted entered service older ships millimeter caliber pattern guns mounted turret roofs gun maximum elevation fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum ceiling newer caliber millimeter guns mounted fore aft turrets maximum depression maximum elevation fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum ceiling underwater inch torpedo tubes fitted broadside compartment immediately forward magazine trials revealed problems magazine cooling systems heat generated ventilation system cooling effects system sisters shared problem contributed magazine fire suffered led loss older ships mounted meter conning tower given foot turret provide data central artillery post standard mechanical computer transmit guns gun crew follow armor scale armor trials hulk old pre dreadnought battleship greatly affected armor protection class ships krupp cemented armor plates sized match frames provide support joints locked type joint better distribute shock shell impact waterline belt maximum thickness millimeters continued forward aft citadel plates millimeters millimeters thick reduced millimeters millimeters bow aft belt millimeters way stern total height meters meters design waterline meters backed millimeters wood better fit hull armor forward end citadel protected armor transverse bulkhead millimeters thick barely consider splinter protection rear bulkhead protection millimeters thick thin bulkheads left end magazines vulnerable shells fired ship upper belt millimeters thick height millimeters forward casemates way bow casemates protected millimeters transverse bulkhead fire screen armor longitudinal splinter bulkhead millimeters thick casemates separate splinter bulkhead main gun turrets sides millimeters thick roofs plates protected gun ports millimeter bulkheads separated gun barbettes thick reduced upper deck forward rear turrets millimeters forward conning tower sides millimeters thick millimeters roof supporting tube reduced upper deck rear conning tower sides support tube roof thick funnel protected armor upper deck reduced millimeters upper deck millimeters thick middle deck thick armored citadel outside citadel middle deck thick lower deck thick underwater protection minimal watertight bulkhead upwards extension double construction ships laid october ceremonial event design finalized contracts signed contract finally signed april specified delivery dates september iii built larger design added million gold cost delayed start construction months half sisters despite demanding schedule ships suffered number delays construction february changes ordered incorporate lessons learned scale armor trials conducted added long tons weight ships raised cost delays incurred war began imported components took longer reach shipyards factories switched war production construction iii deliberately delayed order accelerate completion sisters turrets transferred service history russian empress maria launched october arrived july completed fitting months conducted sea trials provided cover pre dreadnought battleships conducted shore bombardment missions october encountered german light cruiser twice cruiser escaped splinter damage october capsized sank magazine fire subsequent explosion following complex salvage operation eventually raised placed drydock chaos russian revolution subsequent civil war repair work ship scrapped beginning guns turrets fallen ship capsized later salvaged guns 30th coast defense battery defending world war known germans russian empress catherine great launched june completed october originally named june renamed russian engaged german battlecruiser turkish service sultan failed inflict severe splinter damage encountered april cruiser higher speed escape scuttled june prevent turned germans required treaty brest attempt salvage 1920s inch shells salvaged wreck magazine explosion triggered explosive charges gain access shells iii iii russian emperor alexander iii launched april renamed freedom russian general russian ship operations world war long delays delivery machinery britain able sea conduct series trials sailed avoid capture advancing german troops received order june majority crew refused decided return arrival disarmed guards left board germans took control october brief cruise german crew october guns germany surrender turned british moved turkey british brought black_sea turned white russian forces fought russian civil war mainly carrying shore collapse white russian armies battleship assisted evacuation french owned tunisia interned eventually scrapped pay docking fees french stored guns later donated winter war arrive end war germans captured inch guns transit harbor invaded norway april germans guns coastal artillery germans guns rebuilding accept german ammunition armored turrets inch guns repair railway guns fallen hands continuation war forced surrender soviets 1990s
Imperatritsa Mariya-class battleship