war war fought rome allied second war decisive engagements war ended stalemate war attempted gain control parts greece success commonly thought skirmishes east prevented aiding general war rome peace treaty drawn formally ended war urges war rome rome war provided opportunity philip attempt extend power westward according ancient greek historian important factor philip decision advantage opportunity influence ruler coastal defeated romans fled court philip involved war philip learned messenger victory romans lake june philip showed letter seeing chance recover kingdom immediately advised young king peace turn italy quotes saying greece entirely remain genuine affection terror disasters present war inspired italy crossing step universal empire better claim moment act romans suffered reverse philip easily persuaded philip makes peace philip began negotiations conference coast near philip met leaders peace treaty concluded quotes having given following speech favor peace best thing greeks war gods thanks speaking voice joining hands like people crossing stream able repel attacks save cities altogether impossible present ought unanimous guard armaments vast proportions assumed war west evident pays moderate attention public affairs conquer romans romans way remain empire sicily italy forward extend forces designs farther wish guard danger crisis king abandon policy weakening greeks rendering easy prey consult contrary good person care parts greece alike parcel domains act spirit greeks warm friends faithful foreigners ready form designs seeing dismay firm loyalty greeks eager action turn eyes west let thoughts wars italy wait turn events seize opportunity strike universal dominion present crisis unfavourable hope postpone controversies wars greeks time greater supreme aim retain power making peace war allow clouds gathering west settle greece fear power making peace war word games playing completely knocked hands shall praying heaven grant power making war peace pleasure settling disputes philip builds fleet philip spent winter building fleet warships training men row according practice hardly king probably lacked resources build maintain kind fleet necessary match romans says philip hope fighting romans sea referring lack experience training rate philip chose build small fast single bank able carry soldiers addition rowers philip hope avoid evade roman fleet preoccupied hoped based western sicily philip meantime expanded territories west river valleys right borders philip plan coasts conquer area coasts use new land link provide rapid route reinforcements narrow straits italy beginning summer philip fleet left sailed island greek mainland rounded dropping anchor islands await word location roman fleet informed sailed north fleet neared island philip heard report roman seen headed convinced entire roman fleet sailing philip ordered immediate return speaks panic disorder describe fleet hasty retreat says fact romans sent squadron ships alarm philip missed best chance achieve aims returning loss considerable philip allies hearing rome disastrous defeat hands philip sent ambassadors camp italy negotiate alliance concluded summer treaty text given pledge general terms mutual support defense enemies enemies current allies specifically promise support rome shall right peace rome peace include philip rome forced control restore friends dominion rome treaty set makes mention invasion italy philip having philip venture case desired way philip captured commander roman fleet patrolling southern coast letter philip terms agreement discovered philip alliance caused immediate dismay rome hard pressed additional warships outfitted sent join fleet warships orders guard italian adriatic coast try determine philip intent necessary cross macedonia keeping philip confined war breaks late summer philip attempted invasion sea fleet captured lightly defended sailing modern river besieged romans moved fleet continue watch movements philip legion sent support command roman receiving word events crossed fleet army landing able retake town little fighting account given hearing siege sent men command mouth river avoiding philip army able enter city night following night catching philip forces surprise attacked routed camp philip escaping ships river way mountains macedonia having burned fleet left thousands men died taken prisoner armies possessions fleet twice thwarted attempts invasion sea constrained fleet adriatic philip spent years making advances land keeping clear coast took inland towns subdued greek tribe southern finally able gain access adriatic capturing seemingly citadel surrounding territories surrendered capture philip hopes italian invasion loss fleet meant philip dependent passage italy making prospect invasion considerably appealing rome seeks allies greece prevent philip aiding italy rome sought land allies greece begun exploring possibility alliance early war weary peace philip years later swung direction war faction ready consider taking arms traditional enemy assembly convened discussions rome pointed recent capture syracuse war evidence rome rising fortunes offered ally treaty signed conduct operations land romans sea rome slaves booty taken receive control territory acquired provision treaty allowed inclusion certain allies league roman clients campaign greece later summer seized main town citadel town island handed withdrew fleet winter hearing roman alliance philip action secure northern borders conducted raids seized frontier town marched rapidly south garrisoned men turned north attacking chief city returning sooner philip arrived received urgent plea help ally general mobilized army preparing invade desperate determined resist sent women children old men seek refuge rest marched frontier having sworn oath fight death terrible curse hearing grim determination learning philip approach finally abandoned invasion philip retired winter spring sailed fleet captured rome enslaved inhabitants took possession town fear rome concern methods coalition philip continued grow allowed treaty followed agreed join alliance roman fleet fleet controlled sea allies threatened land rest coalition roman strategy philip war greeks greece succeeding went rome able report legion deployed philip safely withdrawn remained passive philip continued advances invested took extensive having beaten attempt relieve town roman fleet commanded moving west philip probably took port city took island sold king thirty talents use base operations spring philip received requests help ally attacked heard elected supreme commanders rumors intended crossover asia minor philip marched south greece met force supported roman command colleague philip won battles inflicting heavy casualties troops allies forced retreat inside city walls remained unwilling battle attempt peace fails philip went met representatives neutral states egypt rhodes athens trying end war trading states war probably hurting trade says concerned rest greeks liberty greece seriously endangered philip kingdom took active greek politics representing truce thirty days peace conference arranged philip marched garrisoned block landing continued conference conference interrupted report arrived roman fleet representatives events demanded philip return rome philip quit negotiations telling assembly bear witness whilst seeking basis peace determined find pretext war hostilities resume sailed east conducting raids philip cavalry caught romans ashore able drive ships romans returning philip joined general near joint attack city main base operations sailed reinforced romans leading charge philip thrown horse fighting foot philip object fierce battle finally escaping horse day philip captured stronghold taking prisoners animals hearing news incursions north philip abandoned returned sailed round joined winter combined fleet thirty roman ships failed occupied plundered countryside island possessions attended meeting included representatives egypt rhodes continuing try arrange peace learning conference presence philip marched rapidly south attempt break conference catch enemy leaders arrived late surrounded foes philip forced adopt defensive policy distributed commanders forces set system beacon fires high places communicate instantly enemy movements leaving sacked northern coast chief city eastern reserved returned stayed collect forces divided philip alerted signal fire attacked took caught surprise barely able escape ships war ends philip considered escape bitter defeat proved turning point war forced return learned urging philip king related philip marriage moving returned free pressure combined roman fleets philip able resume offensive captured followed towns north controlling took control neutral trading powers trying arrange peace philip met egypt rhodes meeting spring avail representatives egypt rhodes byzantium athens met spring war going philip way abandoned rome ready peace philip terms season fighting finally relented rome consent sued separate peace conditions imposed philip following spring romans sent censor ships men revolt laid siege philip arrived broke siege withdrew inside walls tried unsuccessfully break peace philip allies greece having achieved objective preventing philip aiding romans ready peace treaty drawn called peace formally ended war
First Macedonian War