february september polish jesuit preacher leading figure polish lithuanian commonwealth gifts called polish remembered poles vigorous early advocate reforms polish lithuanian critic commonwealth governing classes religious tolerance policies advocated strengthening monarch power expense parliament nobility professor rector later served prolific writer lives saints centuries popular books polish language important work political treatise popular second half 19th century seen patriotic predicted poland life born february north small manor known family described lesser gentry nobility likely ancestors peasants later recently minor nobility family estate lost parents young mother died years old father years later supported brothers priest started education school moving enrolled precursor teachers included priests finished studies immediately finished education served years rector collegiate school warsaw october son magnate visited vienna pupil likely closely acquainted key order counter reformation returned poland emerged main struggle movement catholic_church counter reformation served took holy orders year canon following year served chancellor chapter chaplain court jan royal secretary king death returned taking position cathedral preacher departed rome arriving joining returned poland preached warsaw delivered sermon visited court queen patrons leading proponent counter reformation commonly preached non catholic denominations helped secure funds privileges rector precursor professor year finished important works lives saints published years later rector published pro published stands catholic doctrine sacred altar works formed dialogue author took form series rival number years notable figure commonwealth politics publicist royal secretary diplomat deputy transferred new march founded polish version run charity called polish bank lit newly elected king iii established new post court preacher priest hold valued adviser king fond priest considered retirement rejected requesting remain court long possible policies major proponent merger roman_catholic_church faction influence supported encouraged opposing religious tolerance seeking strengthen royal power factor cited cause civil war ultimately unsuccessful royal faction confronted popular movement nobility led family sought critics referred principal maker kingdom latin delivered final sermon published final work ideological testament faith remained court preacher april months death died september buried saints peter paul church writer addition popular known preacher author numerous theological texts writer fame endured important works lives saints won fame lifetime gained recognition subsequent centuries describes lives chief work major attack religious tolerance promoted book immensely popular edition selling second edition published century editions printed making popular books published poland lithuania era popular work continued rank highly polish readers 18th 19th centuries eclipsed political treatise composed guise went unnoticed contemporaries discusses sees problems ailing commonwealth lack patriotism internal tolerance king relative laws critique nobility golden freedoms notable aspect book focus desperate plight peasants importance biography noted extensive literature attributed famous figure polish counter reformation gained initial fame later rediscovered reform proposals controversial time gained renown regarded popularity patriotic predicted reached second half 19th century historians went far speak cult states writings valued primarily advocacy political reforms theological content polish enlightenment middle 18th century onward works penned polish latin increasingly valued style contributions development written polish language polish literature positively viewed historians polish culture poet painter called lives poetic polish masterpiece created known painting sermon centuries character number artistic works including novel chief character literary work longer poem anniversary birth endorsement poland president polish government polish writer proposed nearly decades later cause inaugurated june anniversary death polish declared year year reverend writings pro lives saints editions lifetime seven pillars stands catholic doctrine sacred published posthumously soldiers faith
Piotr Skarga