german december january german physicist mathematician instrumental development quantum mechanics contributions solid state physics supervised work number notable 1920s 1930s born won nobel prize physics fundamental research especially statistical interpretation wave function born born germany poland known entered found renowned wrote thesis subject stability plane space winning began researching special subsequently wrote thesis model chance meeting berlin led discussion manner compound formed metal today known born cycle world war originally placed radio operator moved research duties sound ranging specialist knowledge born returned arranging chair long time friend colleague born world foremost centres physics born formulated matrix mechanics representation quantum mechanics following year formulated standard interpretation probability density function equation awarded nobel prize influence extended far research received degrees born assistants included january came power germany born jewish suspended emigrated britain took job cambridge wrote popular science book restless universe soon standard textbook october professor natural philosophy working german born assistants continued research physics british subject august day world war broke europe remained edinburgh retired bad west_germany died hospital january early life born december poland time born birth family jewish descent children born professor wife née family died max years old august max sister born half brother father second marriage later professor art history initially educated gymnasium born entered german university system allowed students easily university spent summer fellow students told born born went april found renowned soon arrival born formed close ties men class took identified born having exceptional abilities selected lecture function write class notes students mathematics reading room class born regular contact time intellectual benefited born fertile mind born mentor selecting hold unpaid semi official position assistant born introduction came born knew dancing classes introduction born household sunday addition performing duties assistant born saw house born relationship problematic born attended conducted professors applied mathematics subject particularly interested subject born obliged present paper variations presented curved configuration wire ends fixed demonstrated stable impressed invited born submit thesis subject stability plane space subject near dear arranged subject prestigious annual offered qualify doctoral born responded turning offer applied mathematics preferred area study greatly offended power break academic careers born felt compelled submitting entry prize refused supervise born arranged supervisor starting paper born developed stability conditions interested topic apparatus constructed test predictions june rector announced born won prize month later passed oral examination awarded phd mathematics cum graduation born obliged perform military service deferred student found drafted german army posted 2nd guards empress russia stationed berlin service brief discharged early attack january travelled england admitted cambridge studied physics months born returned germany army inducted served elite 1st life great medically discharged weeks service returned worked supervision hoping physics minor accident involving born black body experiment cooling water flooded laboratory led telling physicist published paper special born intrigued began researching subject devastated discover researching special lines wrote results asked return born accepted helped born brush matrix work dimensional space project reconcile born got work good progress died suddenly january mathematics students born speak behalf funeral born attempted present results meeting weeks later far publicly challenged rejected forced terminate lecture interested born work discussion born convinced results persuaded lecture time interrupted offered sponsor born thesis born subsequently published talk article theory rigid bodies principle german die des der introduced concept born october born presented lecture model career berlin frankfurt born settled young academic born stayed boarding house run known derived letters names medical student born physics student medical student frequent visitor boarding house doctoral student loan special assistant physics mathematician called people group born met daughter law professor friend daughter iris jewish background father practising lutheran got married max sister despite practising religion refused convert wedding august garden ceremony baptised lutheran march pastor performed wedding ceremony born regarded religious churches matter importance decision baptised partly wife partly desire german society marriage produced children daughters born born son born marriage born related father law wife maternal grandfather great uncle british comedian end born published papers including important work dynamics crystal book received letter explaining new professor chair theoretical physics created chair offered turned born accepted world war raging soon arriving berlin enlisted army signals unit october joined army berlin based artillery research development organisation established special unit dedicated new technology sound ranging berlin born formed lifelong friendship frequent visitor born home days armistice november army release born chance meeting month led discussion manner compound formed metal today known born cycle born taken chair berlin changed mind decided wanted arranged born concerned exchange jobs april born professor director science faculty main approached looking replacement director theoretical physics advised flourish happen born found germany today negotiating position education ministry born arranged chair experimental physics long time friend colleague years born born collaborator shared views basic scientific concepts distinct advantage teaching research developing quantum theory approach close collaboration theoretical experimental shared born professor theoretical physics director prime development quantum theory born shared approach experimental physics test advance theories united_states sent student born assistant returned completed born born formulated matrix mechanics representation quantum mechanics july gave born paper entitled und quantum theoretical interpretation review submit publication paper formulated quantum theory avoiding concrete representations electron parameters transition quantum jumps necessitated corresponding initial final states born read paper recognized extended systematic language learned study time seldom considered belong realm pure mathematics paper born work theory crystals cases enter picture matrix quantum mechanics help assistant student born began immediately extension submitted results publication paper received publication days paper follow paper submitted publication end year authors result surprising formula location momentum identity matrix result arises matrix entirely born established elements diagonal matrix zero born considered paper jordan contained important principles quantum mechanics including extension paper approach solid mathematical basis born surprised discover thinking lines matrix method energy values hydrogen found agreed model important contribution looked problem wave mechanics great deal appeal time offered possibility returning classical physics born ran counter facts determined experiment formulated standard interpretation probability density function equation published july letter born december famous remark quantum mechanics quantum mechanics certainly imposing inner voice tells real thing theory says lot bring closer secret old rate convinced playing quotation god play nominated born jordan nobel prize physics won prize creation quantum mechanics application led discovery forms hydrogen shared prize discovery new productive forms atomic theory november born received letter said delayed writing bad conscience received prize work collaboration jordan went born jordan contribution quantum mechanics changed wrong decision outside wrote article insight credited born jordan final mathematical matrix mechanics went stress great contributions quantum mechanics adequately acknowledged public eye received degrees born included born assistants included assistant born completed born recognised talent work let superstars stretch past gifted handed respectable assignments went win nobel prizes later life january came power germany born jewish professors suspended pay resigned years built world foremost centres physics born began looking new job writing princeton_university offers soon started pour accepted college cambridge cambridge wrote popular science book restless universe textbook soon standard text going seven editions family soon settled life england daughters engaged newton john parents born olivia grandfather mother englishman respectively born position cambridge temporary tenure terminated accepted offer come born considered taking permanent position create additional chair november born family german citizenship revoked rendering weeks later cancelled born doctorate born considered offer moscow started taking russian lessons russian born wife asked born consider successor professor natural philosophy offer born promptly accepted assuming chair october edinburgh born promoted teaching mathematical physics german assistants continued investigate mysterious behaviour born fellow march got remaining friends relatives germany country including sister laws kurt daughters friend ran domestic bureau placing young jewish women jobs born received certificate british subject august day second world war broke europe born remained edinburgh reached retirement age retired bad west_germany october received word awarded nobel prize fellow stopped nominated work crystal years nominated work solid state quantum mechanics topics received prize fundamental research especially statistical interpretation wave function worked nobel lecture reflected philosophical implications work believe ideas absolute absolute final truth etc imagination field science hand assertion probability right wrong standpoint theory based thinking des greatest blessing modern science given belief single truth thereof root cause evil world retirement continued scientific work produced new editions books died hospital january buried cemetery survived wife died children great grandchildren include songwriter singer racing car driver awards honors medal cambridge fellow royal society brisbane medal victoria jubilee prize max der hughes medal honorary citizen town nobel prize physics award born fundamental research quantum mechanics especially statistical interpretation nobel prize banquet speech born nobel prize lecture hugo medal international law munich grand cross merit star order merit max born prize created awarded annually ceremony 100th birth year institute directors max born und named honor
Max Born