surname surname origin traced directly robert listed tenant chief counties book robert possibly norman knights fought alongside accompanied defeat king england battle hastings little doubt robert brother came england time william years given titles substantial land property suggesting earlier deeds likely robert official appointment royal expressed royal steward king steward lord steward provisions king household robert known recorded form possibility robert held official position arriving england robert adopted surname usually written notably works book scottish 13th century attributed robert existed numerous spelling variations eventually frequently preceded omitted popular centre discarded replaced seen present day form surname gained popularity time 19th century popular given especially areas united_states variations english transition french current form presented spelled ways especially period early evolution medieval period following order selection variants derived del rare derived generations usually placed omitted variant appears dated charters reign form means place provisions kept clerk kitchen form popular north england scotland word referred spare room kitchen england yard enclosure simply referring household store principal scottish family clan descend ancient john appeared list tenants walter scotland period roger witnessed charter bishop granting church family trace ancestry baron settled france count ranked swedish nobility swedish forces north country word poet alfred lord sense broke turn talking oak stewart stuart denote essentially occupation completely different word originate century english words compound meaning household guardian countries cultures foreign german steward derivative middle high german meaning food supplies old high german turn derived late latin money expended jewish later development greek surname derived greek greek pronounced long english means house classical greek surname like stewart stuart different etymology original meaning home owner evolved mean estate manager somebody responsible resources estate steward medieval eastern roman title somebody charge project institution greek orthodox church time meaning evolved manager resources manager money treasurer etymology able track changes time different languages trace common ancestry traced latin french roots middle english modern form medieval latin steward old french money provisions etc working charge household steward steward anglo french middle english steward agent butler steward england time communities small person identifiable single usually personal nickname originally single names population increased necessary identify people giving rise names like john butcher henry richard william short naturally evolved hereditary passed father son daughter appear existed traditional use names given surname appears gathered momentum time particularly introduction records personal taxation known england poll tax levied poll tax historical means local communities recorded registering polling citizens free subjects voters meaning surname generally derives following sources location specific place london york feature place landscape hill relationship richardson nickname grey occupation office skinner surname relates occupation office family robert son viking ancestry traced known held position mayor town normandy robert like william close knights granted titles lands high position william court addition position steward given land grants county held office period robert meaning england likely changed spelling variants exist including reflected new official position occupation maintained popularity william book listed land tenant chief gloucestershire lincolnshire holding lands obtained robert assumed died shortly restoring estates appears legitimate male children heir brother daughter lands inherited family possible daughter married family robert office king steward gone later held heirs later steward illegitimate son robert robert brother brother medieval royal official normandy brothers lived town tenants lands feudal lords family pays region lower chamberlain elder brother father husband hereditary office chamberlain younger son inherited sons gave noble families trace descent niece king council rendered great service suppression rebellion norfolk reputation church son roger having killed servant henry banished confiscated estates given king hand sister years brothers established england sheriff supervising construction worcester castle survey showed lands west robert extended north_sea robert remained normandy founded lords lands held worcester recorded family settled worcester lords miles worcester years holding manor knight fee service armed knight event war church stood site 11th century villages taken family lies extreme south west border gloucestershire owned property parish 16th century lived house member family believed died 18th century village lies miles south east worcester descendants achieved notoriety kinds line traced generations associated families norman family received largest grants land closely related marriage similarly son roger sister married influential family time walter succeeded lands roger tradition sprang robert junior branch worcester likely trace directly practice designing displaying describing recording coats arms arose need distinguish participants combat faces hidden iron steel helmets process creating coats arms called family traditions england scotland individual family coat arms began 9th centuries eventually formal system rules developed increasingly complex forms allowed use coats arms countries states provinces towns villages form civic recent times coats arms evolved military origins denote educational establishments apparently leading modern logo corporate private seal henry shown arms hugh hereditary names genetic possession surname necessarily indicate hereditary relationship irregularities occur non possible consecutive unrelated people occupation adopted resulting foundation different genetic known example london 13th 14th centuries trade names masters london kinds hereditary class 12th century genetic similarity people identical shown high especially task determine true lineage contemporary probably founders modern capacity relationships increasingly detailed resolution terms close recent ancestry distant ancestry people gene testing laboratories surname dna project resolve close relations world migration patterns ancestors years modern man left africa america traced genetically brothers aristocracy english aristocratic family resided ancestral home early 16th century estate covers acres km2 norfolk pre tudor times farmers coming prominence 15th century tenant nephew john gains trade livestock buy properties died john descendants expanded family holdings business dealings marriage family related marriage line included winston_churchill line came later family captured international attention married july death car crash paris august notable following small selection notable 13th century hugh died wealthy land owner high sheriff sir hugh 1st baron son hugh important ally reign served briefly england chief justice constable tower london castles hugh 1st earl winchester elder time chief adviser king edward england younger favourite developed reputation greed falling barons accused treason forced exile father later fled hugh captured sentenced public execution hanging drawing treason 14th century edward eldest son hugh younger wife 1st baron called march november son edward anne sister henry lord succeeded lord thomas 1st earl gloucester september january bristol son edward 1st baron succeeded richard 4th baron son heir thomas 1st earl gloucester 16th century owner january english poet best known epic poem celebrating tudor dynasty recognized premier modern english verse infancy 17th century col english merchant born emigrated colony virginia served land agent cousin 2nd baron extensive later served secretary president acting governor friend col patented estate land grant 19th century sir june july british australian biologist april december english philosopher prominent classical liberal political theorist theorist victorian era 20th century soprano recording artist july september american inventor microwave oven diana princess wales née july august wife charles prince wales duke cambridge eldest son diana princess wales second line united_kingdom commonwealth realms second son diana princess wales author original implementation utility popularity numbers distribution strong evidence despite population movement 19th century people stayed relatively near place birth greatest density present day england followed derby closely connected time time elizabeth sheriff family holdings north_america early settlement date virginia cambridge massachusetts maine col arrived virginia subsequently served acting governor account published arriving australia fleet fleet came lancaster london statistics popularity numbers distribution presented tables frequency million
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