commonly known water small genus species highly poisonous plants family perennial plants grow meters tall having distinctive small green white flowers arranged umbrella shape plants genus referred poison native temperate regions mainly north_america europe typically growing wet meadows wet areas plants bear close resemblance members family confused number edible poisonous plants common confused poison water considered north_america toxic plants highly poisonous humans members genus contain named causes central nervous system effects including following medical treatment poisoning include use activated decrease absorption toxic principle supportive care including drugs high medicine required halt seizure activity medical care including mechanical ventilation required description perennial plants similar morphology growing maximum meters height stem plant branching erect smooth hollow junction leaves stem purple striped typically purple stripes spots attached base stem root contain yellowish liquid turns reddish brown exposure air characteristic smell raw alternate leaves compound reach centimeters centimeters length centimeters centimeters length sharply toothed plant flowers spring early summer flowers small green white umbrella shape characteristic family measures centimeters centimeters plants produce cylindrical fruit millimeters millimeters length plant spread primarily seeds produced large numbers small size taxonomy genus genera family order family known family names permitted international code botanical nomenclature europe distinguished similar genus year mention genus united_states eighteenth century formally described species type species genus recognized comprise species species names older names recognized varieties widespread variable recognized varieties var var var var phylogenetic analysis sequences nuclear dna internal conclusive suggested specimen california warrant recognition distinct species common names genus general include poison beaver poison wild wild false similar species members family bear close resemblance characteristics common mistaken edible plants wild wild wild water common water water clusters small white flowers shaped like habitat near shore line lakes rivers differences water water include water having leaves compound water leaves times compound water large swelling stem base water lacks additionally water base small flower cluster base main flower head water base flowers main flower head additionally confusion water species poison common applied poisonous differentiated differences root structure water branched root systems poison single tap root reliable method identify water examine leaf veins unique family leaf veins terminate leaf tips extend tip leaf found leaf structure members family distribution habitat found growing north_america europe typically grow wet habitats usually alongside ponds streams marshes swamps areas year plants found growing water species widespread distribution occurring majority north_america relatively large distribution found found northwest corner north_america found central europe far north north_america members contain high levels poisonous principle alcohol structurally closely related found plant water present stages growth parts plant concentrated roots appear toxic early spring primary toxic effect act central nervous system non competitive gamma acid antagonist acts causing block channel results presence continues causing cell brain cells results highly poisonous water considered north_america toxic plants fatal humans reports medical literature severe poisoning death early number people died following plant 20th 21st century mice administered injection body weight compares mice given potassium injection injection mice exact toxic dose plant material humans unknown thought water quantity result poisoning small amounts lead death poisoning reported following children blowing hollow stem water plants reported following skin contact plant case reported family people plant skin poisoned children dying livestock long worst affected leading common poisoning livestock common typically occurs following roots plant spring ground soft grazing animals tend pull entire plant ground roots roots exposed source livestock plant material cause death animal little minutes symptoms consumption humans species symptoms poisoning mainly characterized onset symptoms following soon minutes post initial symptoms reported include abdominal pain confusion weakness rapid onset seizure activity sign presented following poisoning usually described complications ongoing seizure activity include increased body temperature decreases blood swelling brain blood disorders muscle breakdown kidney failure additional symptoms include person skin pupils coma symptoms include alternating slow fast heart rate alternating low high blood pressure cardiac effects include widening interval symptoms excess respiratory distress absence breathing reported deaths usually occur respiratory failure secondary ongoing seizure activity fatalities occurred hours poisoned people recover usually regain consciousness cease hours poisoning persist hours occasional long term effects amnesia events leading ongoing mild effects include muscle weakness anxiety complete resolution symptoms number days cases ongoing symptoms persist months poisoning diagnosis treatment water poisoning usually diagnosed following history plant symptoms abrupt onset laboratory tests determine presence blood high pressure liquid thin layer mass detect tests performed routinely hospital laboratories sample plant retained diagnosis confirmed having plant identified botanist initial treatment poisoning include activated typically performed potentially toxic plant matter hour previously patient normal intact specific water poisoning treatment mainly consists supportive care treatment include control administration treatment administered recommended shown effective seizure control following water poisoning treatment high cause respiratory depression respiratory support including mechanical ventilation required patients continuous monitoring recommended patients treatment complications low blood pressure required treated low blood pressure usually treated fluid replacement administration required restore blood pressure management includes ensuring adequate acute failure require management techniques remove blood useful enhancing elimination
Cicuta