september attacks september attacks referred series coordinated terrorist attacks islamic terrorist group united_states morning september attacks killed people injured caused billion property infrastructure damage total costs passenger operated major passenger air carriers departed airports northeastern united_states bound california terrorists planes flight flight crashed north south towers respectively complex new_york_city hour minutes story towers collapsed debris resulting fires causing partial complete collapse buildings complex including story world trade center tower significant damage large surrounding structures plane flight crashed pentagon headquarters virginia leading partial collapse building western fourth plane flight initially steered washington crashed field near pennsylvania passengers tried overcome total people including killed injured deadliest incident firefighters law enforcement officers history united_states killed respectively suspicion attack quickly fell united_states responded attacks launching war terror invading afghanistan countries strengthened anti terrorism legislation expanded powers law enforcement intelligence agencies prevent terrorist attacks leader initially denied involvement claimed responsibility attacks cited support israel presence troops saudi_arabia sanctions iraq motives having evaded capture decade located killed seal team military destruction nearby infrastructure caused damage economy significant effect global markets closing wall street september civilian canada september evacuations followed respect fear attacks cleanup site completed pentagon repaired year november construction began site building officially opened november numerous memorials constructed including national september memorial museum new_york_city pentagon memorial virginia flight national memorial field near pennsylvania background origins traced soviet_union invaded afghanistan traveled afghanistan helped organize arab resist soviets guidance radical issued calling american soldiers leave saudi_arabia second outlined objections american foreign policy respect israel continued presence american troops saudi_arabia gulf war islamic texts muslims attack americans stated grievances reversed muslim legal scholars islamic history unanimously agreed individual duty enemy destroys muslim countries according orchestrated attacks initially denied later admitted involvement broadcast statement september stating stress carried act appears carried individuals motivation november forces recovered destroyed house afghanistan video seen talking admits attacks december second video released video said clear west general america particular hatred islam hatred terrorism america deserves praised response injustice aimed forcing america stop support israel kills people end united_states imminent followers alive dead awakening muslim nation occurred stopped short admitting responsibility attacks refers times united_states specifically targeting muslims shortly presidential election taped statement publicly acknowledged involvement attacks admitted direct link attacks said attacks carried free want regain freedom nation undermine security undermine said personally directed followers attack pentagon video obtained september shows preparations attacks formally indicted attacks fbi wanted list bombings kenya year killed american special forces compound pakistan journalist arabic television channel reported april admitted involvement determined animosity united_states felt principal architect attacks stemmed violent disagreement foreign policy favoring israel adviser world trade center bombing uncle lead bomber attack arrested march pakistan pakistani security officials working cia transported interrogated methods including hearings march confessed responsibility attacks stating responsible operation statement members testimony trial people identified having completely aware operation details date peripheral figures tried convicted attacks september spanish high court sentenced years prison conspiracy attacks member terrorist organization time members sentenced penalties years february reduced penalty years considered participation conspiracy proven originally suspected assigned 20th convicted lesser role conspiracy commit acts terrorism air piracy serving life sentence parole united_states associate hamburg based serving years germany role helping prepare attacks hamburg cell germany included radical eventually came key attacks members hamburg cell motives declaration holy war united_states signed calling killing americans seen investigators evidence motivation november letter america explicitly stated motives attacks include support israel support attacks muslims support russian atrocities muslims pro american governments middle_east act agents muslim interests support indian oppression muslims presence troops saudi_arabia sanctions iraq attacks released additional video tapes audio tapes repeated reasons attacks particularly important publications letter america video tape interpreted muhammad having banned permanent presence issued calling american troops leave saudi_arabia wrote seven years united_states occupying lands islam places rulers people neighbors turning bases peninsula fight neighboring muslim peoples december interview said felt americans near considered entire muslim world analysis suicide terrorism suggested troops saudi_arabia likely able people commit suicide missions identified iraq sanctions reason kill americans condemning protracted blockade actions constitute declaration war messenger muslims declared ruling kill americans allies civilians military individual duty muslim country possible order liberate mosque holy mosque grip order americans armies lands islam defeated unable threaten muslim claimed idea destroying towers occurred witnessed israel bombardment high rise apartment buildings lebanon war analysts including claim motivation attacks support israel connected september attacks support israel letter expressed disdain president bush hope destroy bankrupt motives suggested addition stated including western support islamic non islamic authoritarian regimes saudi_arabia iran egypt iraq pakistan northern africa presence western troops countries authors suggest humiliation resulting islamic world falling western world rendered especially visible trend desire provoke broader war islamic world hope allies support similarly argued strategic objective provoking america war pan islamic revolution planning attacks idea attacks came presented time period transition having relocated afghanistan bombings marked turning point intent attacking united_states late early gave approval forward organizing plot series meetings occurred early involving deputy provided operational support plot including target selections helping arrange travel overruled rejecting potential targets los_angeles time prepare operation provided leadership financial support plot involved selecting participants initially selected experienced fought bosnia arrived united_states mid january spring took flying lessons san_diego california spoke little english performed poorly flying lessons eventually served secondary muscle late group men hamburg germany arrived afghanistan including selected men educated speak english experience living west new recruits routinely screened special skills leaders consequently discovered commercial pilot license later said helped blend teaching order food restaurants dress western clothing arrived san_diego december joining soon left arizona took training arrived end arrived june arrived june applied times united_states rejected concerns remain illegal immigrant stayed hamburg providing coordination hamburg cell members took pilot training south florida spring secondary began arriving united_states july met spain coordinated details plot including final target selection passed wish attacks carried soon possible received corrupt officials family members fraudulent gain entry intelligence attacks late associate contacted telling meet malaysia attendance intercepted telephone mentioning meeting agency feared took action cia alerted intelligence status members cia team broke hotel room discovered alerted intelligence agencies worldwide fact share information fbi malaysian special branch observed january meeting members informed cia flying cia notified agencies ask fbi liaison asked permission inform fbi meeting told matter fbi late june senior counter terrorism official cia director convinced major series attacks come cia believed attacks likely occur saudi_arabia israel early july clarke domestic agencies alert telling spectacular going happen soon asked fbi alert police departments threat condition delta clarke later write cia information known terrorists come united_states fbi information strange things going flight schools united_states specific information individual terrorists information got white_house july cia agent assigned fbi international terrorism division superiors cia requesting permission inform fbi country cia responded day july fbi analyst working told review material malaysia meeting told participants presence cia surveillance photos meeting fbi tell significance database informed share intelligence material meeting criminal investigators shown photos fbi refused details significance receive date birth passport number late august told ins fbi fbi prohibited criminal agents search duo hindered efforts july phoenix based fbi agent sent message fbi headquarters fbi agents new_york possibility coordinated effort send students united_states attend civil aviation universities colleges agent suggested need interview flight school managers identify arab students seeking flight training july jordan alerted planning attack months later jordan notified attack big wedding involved august cia designated president entitled determined strike memo noted fbi information indicates patterns suspicious activity country consistent preparations types attacks mid august minnesota flight school alerted fbi asked suspicious questions fbi found radical traveled pakistan ins arrested french request search denied fbi headquarters lack probable cause failures intelligence sharing attributed policies limiting intelligence sharing combined cia reluctance revealing sensitive sources methods tapped phones commission april attorney general recalled single greatest structural cause september 11th problem wall segregated separated criminal investigators intelligence agents clarke wrote failures organizations failures information right place right time attacks early morning september took control commercial boeing boeing route california headed los_angeles san_francisco logan international airport boston massachusetts newark new_jersey counties virginia large planes long flights selected heavily fueled flights flight boeing aircraft departed logan airport route los_angeles crew passengers including flew plane new_york_city flight boeing aircraft departed logan airport route los_angeles crew passengers including flew plane new_york_city flight boeing aircraft departed route los_angeles crew passengers including flew plane pentagon virginia flight boeing aircraft departed newark international airport route san_francisco crew seven passengers including passengers attempted subdue aircraft crashed field near pennsylvania media coverage extensive attacks aftermath beginning moments crash events crashed flight northern façade crashed flight southern façade flew flight pentagon fourth flight flight control crashed near pennsylvania southeast pittsburgh passengers fought flight target believed capitol white_house flight cockpit voice recorder revealed crew passengers tried seize control plane learning phone calls flights crashed buildings morning evident passengers regain control plane rolled plane intentionally crashed passengers crew members called aircraft cabin service mobile phones provided details aboard plane tear gas pepper spray overcome people aboard stabbed reports indicated stabbed killed pilots flight passengers according final report recently purchased multi function hand tools type utility knives locking blades forbidden passengers time found possessions left flight attendant flight passenger flight passengers flight said bombs passengers said thought bombs fake fbi found traces explosives crash sites commission concluded bombs probably fake buildings collapsed fire induced structural failure collapsed burning minutes fire caused impact flight explosion fuel collapsed burning minutes collapsed debris fell nearby world trade center building damaging starting fires fires burned hours building structural integrity collapsed west pentagon sustained significant damage grounded civilian aircraft continental civilian aircraft flight told land immediately international civilian aircraft turned airports canada mexico banned landing united_states territory days attacks created widespread confusion news organizations air traffic controllers unconfirmed contradictory news reports aired day prevalent said car bomb detonated headquarters washington jet flight suspected having aircraft responded controllers landed safely cleveland ohio april interview believed organized attacks said flight intended target united_states capitol white_house planning stage attacks pilot flight thought white_house tough target sought assessment piloted flight said initially planned target nuclear installations pentagon decided fearing things control final decisions targets according left hands pilots casualties attacks resulted deaths people injuries death toll included planes survivors surrounding area pentagon nearly perished civilians exceptions firefighters law enforcement officers military personnel terrorists died attacks new_york new_jersey lost state citizens city having citizens died attacks countries lost citizens september attacks attacks september marked worst terrorist attack world history deadliest foreign attack american soil japanese surprise attack pearl harbor december virginia pentagon workers lost lives flight crashed western building civilians military personnel worked united_states_army united_states_navy army lost civilian employees civilian contractors soldiers navy lost civilian employees civilian contractors sailors seven defense intelligence agency civilian employees dead attack office secretary defense contractor lieutenant general army deputy chief staff highest ranking military official killed pentagon new_york_city workers visitors died towers points impact people point impact trapped died smoke fell jumped tower escape smoke flames killed building eventual collapse destruction tower flight hit impossible impact zone escape people point impact died left intact flight hit allowing people located floors impact including man saw plane coming floors escape new_york_city operators received calls individuals inside tower informed situation rapidly result told descend tower total people died tower fewer half number killed casualties significantly reduced occupants deciding start evacuating soon struck people fell jumped deaths burning towers exemplified photograph falling man landing streets adjacent buildings hundreds feet occupants tower point impact way roof hope helicopter rescue roof access doors locked plan existed helicopter rescues combination roof equipment thick smoke intense heat prevented helicopters approaching total emergency workers died tried rescue people fight fires lost firefighters including chaplain lost officers lost officers emergency medical technicians private emergency medical services units killed investment bank floors lost employees considerably employer located immediately floors lost employees employees killed estimated civilians complex time attacks counts suggest people typically twin towers people impact zone safely evacuated buildings weeks attack death toll estimated twice number deaths eventually confirmed city able identify remains victims medical office collected unidentified bone tissue fragments matched list dead bone fragments found workers preparing demolish damaged team archaeologists searched human remains personal items fresh kills seventy human remains recovered bringing total found dna continues attempt identify additional victims remains held storage outside facilities expected remains moved wall museum july team scientists trying identify remains hope improved technology allow identify victims march victim identified victims identified damage floor numerous buildings site destroyed badly damaged including buildings completely destroyed world trade center pedestrian bridges connecting buildings severely damaged liberty street partially damaged demolished years later starting buildings suffered damage liberty street complex later condemned toxic conditions inside office tower borough condemned extensive damage attacks rebuilt neighboring buildings including building suffered major damage restored buildings liberty plaza church street moderate damage restored communications equipment destroyed media stations quickly able signals resume broadcasts pentagon severely damaged impact flight ensuing fires causing section building collapse airplane approached pentagon wings knocked light poles right engine hit power generator crashing western building plane hit pentagon floor level fuselage impact mid tail sections kept moving fraction second debris tail section penetrated building breaking feet building rings rescue efforts deployed units half department efforts supplemented numerous duty firefighters emergency medical technicians sent emergency service units police personnel deployed aviation unit scene coordinate efforts performed redundant searches civilians conditions deteriorated aviation unit relayed information police commanders issued orders personnel evacuate towers officers able safely evacuate buildings collapsed separate command posts set incompatible radio communications agencies warnings passed commanders tower collapsed commanders issued evacuation warnings technical difficulties radio systems firefighters heard evacuation orders received information passed commanders scene hours attack substantial search rescue operation launched months clock operations site cleared end aftermath immediate response officials notified flight turn notified massachusetts airborne slow confused communication officials minutes notice flight notice flights crashed twin towers hit fighters virginia vice president issued orders shoot commercial aircraft positively identified instructions relayed time fighters action fighters took air live ammunition knowing prevent striking intended targets pilots intercept crash fighters planes possibly moment time history invoked tens thousands passengers world closed american international flights causing flights turned countries canada received diverted flights launched operation yellow ribbon deal large numbers grounded planes stranded passengers attacks immediate effects american people police rescue workers country took leaves absence traveling new_york_city help recover bodies twisted remnants twin towers blood donations weeks deaths adults attacks resulted children losing parent subsequent studies documented children reactions actual losses feared losses life protective environment aftermath attacks effects surviving domestic reactions following attacks president bush approval rating september addressed nation joint session united_states congress events september subsequent days rescue recovery efforts described intended response attacks new_york_city mayor highly visible role won high praise new_york nationally relief funds immediately set assist victims attacks task providing financial assistance survivors attacks families victims deadline victim compensation september applications received families killed plans continuity government evacuation leaders implemented soon attacks congress told united_states continuity government status february largest restructuring government contemporary history united_states enacted homeland security act creating congress passed usa patriot act saying help detect prosecute terrorism crimes civil liberties groups criticized patriot act saying allows law enforcement invade privacy citizens judicial oversight law enforcement domestic intelligence effort effectively combat future acts terrorism given broad powers commenced surveillance telecommunications criticized permitted agency telephone mail communications united_states people overseas warrant response requests intelligence agencies permitted expansion powers government seeking obtaining sharing information citizens non people world hate crimes shortly attacks president bush public appearance washington largest acknowledged incredibly valuable contribution millions country called treated respect numerous incidents harassment hate crimes muslims south reported days following attacks targeted males usually wear associated muslims reports attacks religious buildings including hindu temple assaults people including murder mistaken muslim fatally shot september arizona according academic study people perceived middle eastern likely victims hate crimes followers islam time study found similar increase hate crimes people perceived muslims arabs thought middle eastern origin report american advocacy group known south asian americans leading documented media coverage bias incidents americans south asian middle eastern descent september crimes vandalism arson assault harassment threats numerous places documented muslim american response muslim organizations united_states swift condemn attacks called muslim americans come forward skills resources help alleviate affected people families organizations included council monetary donations islamic organizations launched blood drives provided medical assistance food shelter victims international reactions attacks denounced mass media governments worldwide globe nations offered pro american support solidarity leaders middle eastern countries afghanistan condemned attacks iraq notable exception immediate official statement american fruit crimes humanity government saudi_arabia officially condemned attacks privately favored cause united_states aftermath attacks saw tensions increase countries muslims non muslims condemned attacks expressed readiness necessary steps respond combat forms terrorism accordance charter numerous countries introduced anti terrorism legislation bank accounts suspected ties law enforcement intelligence agencies number countries arrested alleged terrorists british prime minister said britain stood shoulder shoulder united_states days later blair flew washington british solidarity united_states speech congress days attacks blair attended guest president bush declared america friend great_britain subsequently prime minister blair embarked months diplomacy rally international support military action held meetings world leaders travelled miles tens thousands people attempted flee afghanistan following attacks fearing response united_states pakistan home refugees previous conflicts closed border afghanistan september approximately month attacks united_states led broad coalition international forces overthrow regime afghanistan pakistani authorities initially reluctant align united_states permitted coalition access military bases arrested handed suspected members set detention camp hold inmates defined illegal enemy combatants legitimacy questioned european_union human rights organizations september iran fifth president meeting british foreign secretary said iran fully understands feelings americans terrorist attacks new_york washington september said american best indifferent terrorist operations iran instead felt differently expressed sympathetic feelings americans tragic incidents cities stated nations punished place terrorists according website attacks news released iranian citizens gathered serves protecting power united_states iran interests protecting office iran express sympathy lit candles symbol mourning piece news website states anniversary attacks published post blog department thanked iranian people sympathy stated forget iranian people kindness harsh days attacks president supreme leader iran condemned attacks bbc time magazine published reports holding victims iranian citizens websites according magazine following attacks supreme leader iran suspended usual chants friday prayers temporarily military operations afternoon september secretary defense issuing rapid orders aides look evidence iraqi involvement according notes taken senior policy official asked best fast judge good hit time notes quoted saying need swiftly near term target needs massive sweep things related meeting camp david september bush administration rejected idea attacking iraq response nato council declared attacks united_states attack nato nations satisfied article nato charter marked invocation article written cold war attack soviet_union mind australian prime minister attacks invoked article treaty bush administration announced war terror stated goals bringing justice preventing emergence terrorist networks goals accomplished imposing economic military sanctions states terrorists increasing global surveillance intelligence sharing september passed authorization use military force terrorists effect grants president authority use necessary appropriate force determined planned authorized committed aided september 11th attacks said persons groups october war afghanistan began british forces initiated aerial bombing campaigns targeting camps later invaded afghanistan ground troops eventually led overthrow rule afghanistan december led coalition forces conflict afghanistan forces backed ongoing philippines indonesia nations internal conflicts islamic terrorism increased military readiness military forces united_states_of_america overthrow regime conflicts government iran iran force helped forces rebels uprising effects health issues hundreds thousands tons toxic debris containing including known spread collapse exposure debris alleged contributed fatal illnesses people ground zero bush administration ordered issue statements air quality aftermath attacks citing national security determine air quality returned pre september levels june health effects extended residents students office workers nearby deaths linked toxic dust victims names included memorial approximately people estimated developed illnesses result toxic dust scientific speculation exposure toxic products air negative effects development notable children environmental health center currently analyzing children mothers pregnant collapse living working nearby study rescue workers released april found studied impaired lung functions reporting little improvement persistent symptoms started year attack years attacks legal disputes costs illnesses related attacks court system october federal judge rejected new_york_city refusal pay health costs rescue workers allowing possibility numerous suits city government officials urging public return lower manhattan weeks shortly attacks administrator aftermath attacks heavily criticized district judge incorrectly saying area environmentally safe mayor criticized urging financial industry personnel return quickly greater wall street area united_states congress passed december president barack_obama signed act law january allocated billion create provides testing treatment people suffering long term health problems related attacks replaced related health programs program according new study pregnant women living near terror attacks experienced higher normal negative birth outcomes study princeton_university found mothers likely birth prematurely deliver babies low birth weights babies likely admitted intensive care units birth especially baby boys according study led economic attacks significant economic impact united_states world markets stock exchanges open september remained closed september reopening jones industrial average fell points record setting day point decline end week fallen points time largest week point drop history dollars stocks lost week new_york_city job months billion dollars wages lost months attacks economic effects mainly economy export sectors city estimated declined billion months government provided billion immediate assistance government new_york_city september billion early economic development infrastructure needs hurt small businesses near destroyed displaced resulting lost jobs consequent wages assistance provided loans federal government square feet office space damaged destroyed wondered jobs return damaged tax base recover studies economic effects manhattan office real estate market office employment affected feared financial services industry need face face interaction north american air space closed days attacks air travel decreased reopening leading nearly air travel capacity financial problems struggling airline industry september attacks led wars afghanistan iraq additional homeland security spending totaling cultural impact extends society culture general immediate responses included greater focus home life time spent family higher church attendance increased expressions patriotism flying flags radio industry responded removing certain songs attacks subsequently background narrative thematic elements film television music literature running television shows programs developed reflected cultural concerns conspiracy theories social phenomena despite lack support expert scientists engineers historians major impact religious faith individuals strengthened find cope loss loved ones overcome grief started question faith lost entirely reconcile view religion culture america succeeding attacks noted heightened security increased demand thereof paranoia anxiety future terrorist attacks includes nation confirmed increased national anxiety commercial air travel government policies terrorism result attacks governments world passed legislation combat terrorism germany terrorists resided taken advantage country liberal asylum policies major anti terrorism packages enacted removed legal permitted terrorists live raise money germany second addressed effectiveness communication intelligence law enforcement canada passed canadian anti terrorism act nation anti terrorism law united_kingdom passed anti terrorism crime security act new_zealand enacted terrorism suppression act united_states created homeland security act coordinate domestic anti terrorism efforts usa patriot act gave federal government greater powers including authority foreign terror suspects week charge monitor telephone communications mail internet use terror suspects prosecute suspected terrorists time restrictions ordered airplane reinforced prevent terrorists gaining control planes assigned sky flights federal government airports responsible airport security law created inspect passengers causing long delays concern passenger privacy investigations fbi immediately attacks started largest criminal inquiry history united_states height half fbi agents worked investigation followed half million leads fbi concluded clear evidence linking attacks fbi quickly able identify including leader discovered boston logan airport forced check bags space limitations seat commuter flight took boston new policy instituted prevent flight delays failed aboard flight planned contained names assignments connections arab language sic papers amounted stone investigation said fbi agent hours attacks fbi released names cases personal details suspected pilots september released photos information possible men saudi_arabia egypt lebanon midday german intelligence agencies intercepted communications pointing known travelled associate malaysia previously gone afghanistan terrorist cell hamburg members hamburg cell discovered communication identified member authorities united_states britain obtained electronic including telephone conversations electronic bank transfers indicate deputy key figure planning attacks obtained revealed conversations took place days september associate pakistan conversations referred incident place america september discussed potential repercussions conversation associate afghanistan discussed scale effects forthcoming operation conversations specifically mention pentagon cia inspector general cia conducted internal review agency performance harshly critical senior cia officials possible confront terrorism criticized failure stop entered united_states failure share information men fbi senators major political parties drafted legislation review public senator said american people right know critical months congressional inquiry february formed joint inquiry performance page report released december detailed fbi cia use available information including terrorists cia knew united_states order disrupt plots joint inquiry developed information possible involvement arabian government officials non classified sources bush administration demanded related pages remain classified december inquiry chair revealed interview evidence foreign governments involved activities terrorists united_states september 11th victim families frustrated unanswered questions material congressional inquiry demanded independent commission september 11th victim families members congress arabian government seeking release documents june cia chief says believes pages congressional inquiry soon public prove government saudi_arabia involvement september attacks united_states chaired formed late prepare thorough account circumstances surrounding attacks including immediate response attacks july commission issued commission report report detailed events found attacks carried members examined security intelligence agencies coordinated prevent attacks formed independent group senators representatives governors commissioners explained believe attacks revealed kinds failures imagination policy capabilities management commission numerous recommendations prevent future attacks dismayed recommendations implemented investigated collapses twin towers investigations examined buildings collapsed fire protection measures place evaluated fire protection systems improved future construction investigation collapse concluded october completed august found twin towers steel blown initial impact planes occurred towers likely remained standing study north tower collapse published researchers determined plane impact stripped structure thermal heat typical office fire weakened exposed columns initiate collapse regardless number columns cut damaged impact director original investigation stated towers terrorist aircraft didn bring buildings fire followed proven thirds columns tower building stand fires weakened supporting floors making floors floors pulled exterior steel columns causing exterior columns bow inward damage core columns exterior columns longer support buildings causing collapse additionally report found towers adequately reinforced provide adequate emergency escape people impact zones concluded fires caused floor beams heat subsequently caused critical support column fail initiating fire induced progressive collapse brought building rebuilding day attacks new_york_city mayor stated rebuild going come stronger politically stronger economically stronger skyline damaged section pentagon rebuilt occupied year attacks temporary station opened late construction new completed work rebuilding main site delayed late new_jersey agreed financing construction began april reached height installed atop building date putting height feet claiming title tallest building finished construction opened november site office towers expected built block east original towers stood construction begun towers memorials days immediately following attacks memorials held world photographs dead missing posted ground zero witness described unable away faces innocent victims killed pictures phone street lights walls subway stations reminded huge funeral people quiet sad nice new_york gave cold feeling people reaching help memorials tribute light installation towers new_york held design appropriate memorial site winning design selected august consists pair reflecting pools towers surrounded list victims names underground memorial space completed opened public seventh anniversary attacks consists park benches facing pentagon pentagon repaired private chapel indoor memorial included located spot flight crashed building permanent flight planned include sculpted grove trees forming circle crash site plane path wind bear names victims temporary memorial located yards crash site new_york_city firefighters donated cross steel mounted platform shaped like pentagon installed outside august permanent memorials scholarships charities established victims families organizations private figures anniversary new_york_city names victims died read background somber music president united_states attends memorial service pentagon asks americans observe patriot day moment silence smaller services held pennsylvania usually attended president
September 11 attacks