natural theology existence attributes deity natural theology existence attributes deity work christian philosophy religion english clergyman july book arguments natural theology making argument existence god notably beginning analogy book written context natural theology tradition earlier centuries philosophers classical times argued existence goodness god general living things physical world extended argument constructed series examples including finding watch comparing eye existence finely adapted mechanical structures animals joints function like ball joints argues lead intelligent creator system sum parts chapters theological character arguing attributes god sufficient extent operations god good designs seen nature beneficial book times republished remains print continues consulted took arguments seriously responded evolutionary like continue discuss book respond modern proponents similar ideas context main thrust argument god design creation seen general happiness evident physical social order things sets book broad tradition enlightenment natural theology explains based thought argument built mainly anatomy natural history says stand human anatomy insists necessity particular case intelligent designing mind determining forms organized bodies bear making argument employed wide variety metaphors famous analogy watch world historians philosophers analogy building mechanical analogy presents examples astronomy argues regular movements solar system resemble workings giant clock bolster views cites work old friend dublin royal idea found ancient writers illustrate divine order world types examples seen work ancient philosopher especially watch analogy widely enlightenment christians alike outline argument basic analogy find watch suppose chapter state argument continued watch reproduce argues power specific intentions application argument says agree argument compares eye argues eye construction chapter animals argues properties plant seeds animal eggs argument continued argument extended organized parts works nature considers chance explain concludes argument cumulative argument writes necessity intelligent creator explain eye elaborate living structure chapter vii mechanical parts functions animals vegetables animals use muscles don understand work work argues moving joints organs stomach work digest food chapter viii mechanical arrangement human frame bones joints form mechanical structure features comparable ball joints etc provide support suitable flexibility compares spine iron bridge muscles muscles exactly relate joints operating like wires strings puppet complex case tongue muscles admired vessels animal bodies blood vessels vessels considered heart separate functions veins argues functions formed gradually evolution animal structure regarded considers symmetry animals packaged delicate organs resulting beauty utility comparative considers human anatomy animals human clothing compared fur feathers scales animals structure feather admired teeth jaws considered similarly adaptations birds bills species like long billed discussed chapter peculiar organizations considers organs comparison like oil birds swim fishes prospective considers structures seen prepared future function like milk teeth baby ready formed inside birth similarly circulation supported temporary short circuits lungs use breathing considers system sum parts seen mechanical watch living systems compensation defects organ structure elephant argues short neck head heavy compensation long trunk enabling reach similarly spider wings enable chase flying prey web organs adapted produce lack chapter relation animated bodies nature organs wings birds fins fish adapted surrounding elements air water operate chapter instincts instincts enable newly hatched young salmon find food later migrate sea finally rivers spawn chapter insects writing system natural history begins covering class systematically mentions insects examples unique antennae wing cases calls laying eggs deep plants wood bees light producing organ glow worm plants admitting plants generally obvious evidence designed studied mechanism animals adds examples parts seed delicate protected tough dispersed wings chapter elements considers elements water air etc exactly needed admits astronomy best proof agency intelligent creator shows chapter personality deity items existence argues prove personality deity arguing persons design natural attributes deity attributes god argues adequate magnitude extent operations chapter unity deity argues plan seen universe indicates single god chapter goodness deity god good argues cases designs seen nature beneficial animals perceive pleasure strictly necessary pain admitted exist things bites snakes exist good end defence capture prey pain intervals acute pain beneficial appearance chance necessary world chapter conclusion concludes natural theology offers goodness god sufficient conclusion stable suitable impression study editions edition natural theology existence attributes deity published london united_states book published released company new_york december later edition published contained revisions order modern science book republished editions publishers cities including london oxford cambridge edinburgh philadelphia twentieth reprint versions appeared years including later years book remains print recent editions example book republished editions translated languages including french welsh opinions arguments philosophy scottish philosopher died assembled arguments criticised arguments grounds firstly rejected making analogy world human artifact watch analogy weak unreliable secondly argues accepted analogy prove creator infinite good perfectly intelligent creator god wrote shadow argument produce hypothesis prove unity deity great number men join building house ship city framing commonwealth deities combine framing world contemporary reception commented learning originality distinguished predecessors mentioned difficult point superior judgement comprehensive great strength reasoning power decision united sentiment usually found added weight argument certain manner infinitely better calculated produce conviction ambitious review agreed thinking man conceive doubt marks design universe single example like eye conclusive quantity examples praised relying mechanical phenomena arguments human intelligence bible commentator described book work highly celebrated reflections good sense evolutionary biology read natural theology student years later stated autobiography initially convinced argument think existence personal god considerably later period life vague conclusions driven old argument design nature given conclusive fails law natural selection discovered longer argue instance beautiful shell intelligent like door man design organic beings action natural selection course wind blows nature result fixed laws evolutionary biologist compared doctor man argue case hopeless struck claim pain indicate goodness loving god justification felt good pain stopped makes clear finds argument incorrect scientifically states respects coherent defended philosophy particularly respects method identifying alternative possibilities systematically notes kind evolution observation men lost writes manage think alternative natural selection purpose kills works generation evolutionary biologist described neo argued following evolutionary biologist watch analogy fails recognise difference complexity living organisms objects living organisms reproduce change complex generation generation objects watches unable pass changes complex comparison breaks view important distinction arguments book rejected virtually place theory evolution widely accepted scientists darwin onwards darwin persuaded educated people processes evolution governed natural laws stopped movement continuing use arguments proponents claim premises differ unlike specify designer evolutionary version arguments updated account advances understanding biology versions william natural theology existence attributes deity 1st london darwin online 12th edition edition
Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity