french national french pronunciation socially conservative nationalist political party france major policies include economic zero tolerance approach law order issues opposition immigration party opposed european_union creation political commentators place right far right party representatives reject suggest ways looking left right axis party founded unify variety french nationalist movements time party leader undisputed centre party start resignation daughter elected current leader party struggled marginal force years major force french nationalism presidential election france include national candidate run beat socialist candidate round run finished distant second french electoral system party representation public office limited despite significant share vote father nicknamed devil republic mainstream media pursued policy party image extract far right cultural roots giving culture government controversial members like father suspended expelled party referred nazi gas chambers point detail history second world war later set blue white election leader party popularity continued grow party won municipalities municipal elections french party european elections votes elections france came 1st place regional elections historic result nearly votes lead round presidential elections according polls established largest political forces france background springs right wing tradition france dates french revolution party rejects revolution legacy primary party action founded end 19th century descendants pro monarchy group supports claim count paris french throne recently party drew 1950s started anti tax movement relations right wing included parliamentary deputies nationalists conflict party background war including pen directly involved war right wing dismay decision french president abandon promise holding french algeria presidential election pen unsuccessfully attempted consolidate right wing vote right wing presidential candidate late 1960s early 1970s french far right consisted mainly small extreme movements history early years competed local elections second congress june decided establish new political party contest legislative elections party launched october national pour national order create broad movement sought model new party earlier sought model established time appeared establish broad coalition italian right adopted french version flame logo wanted unite french far right currents brought nationalist group justice liberty movement veterans pen chosen president party militant public image relatively moderate figure far right national fared poorly legislative elections receiving national vote pen won paris constituency party created youth movement rhetoric campaign stressed old far right themes largely electorate time official program point relatively moderate differing little mainstream right pen sought total fusion currents party warned crude activism radical elements persuaded reverted hard activism banned party later year pen soon undisputed leader party cost leading members militant base presidential election pen failed find theme campaign major issues anti communism shared mainstream right issues included calls increased french birth rates immigration reduction establishment professional army generally creation french european renaissance despite nationalist candidate failed gain support united far right groups rallied candidates called voter campaign lost ground published pen alleged involvement torture time algeria presidential election gained national vote rivalry following election obscured appearance founded largely competition weakened parties 1970s time gained new groups supporters including revolutionary nationalists following death bomb attack revolutionary nationalists left party deputy effectively ousted neo fascist tendency party leadership far right altogether legislative elections better election attempt build euro right alliance european far right parties end contested election fielded primary candidate pen called voter presidential election pen declared intentions run increased requirement support elected officials introduced election left pen unable stand election france parties secure support specific number elected officials specific number departments order eligible run election number required elected officials increased number departments election won gave political left national power time dissolved snap legislative election attained best result absolute majority legislative election socialist takeover led centre right anti communist anti socialist voters weeks prepare campaign fielded limited number candidates won national vote worse election marked effective end competition party electoral breakthrough french party system dominated competition clear cut ideological alternatives political 1970s largely moved centre mid-1980s led voters perceive indistinguishable turn seek new political alternatives october pen supported prospect deals mainstream right provided position key issues municipal elections centre right formed alliances number towns notable result came 20th paris pen elected local council vote later elections kept media attention party time allowed pose viable component broader right election october won vote choice defeat political left dealing local minor national sensation agreed form alliance won second round vote events monumental factor rise protested media boycott party sending letters president letter exchanges instructed heads main television channels coverage january party appearance monthly poll political popularity respondents held positive opinion support pen month pen time invited prime time television interview program later deemed hour changed european elections june came shock won vote seats notably election proportional representation low level importance played party advantage right left finished second number towns arguably exploited party order divide right later conceded pen july opinion poll respondents held positive opinion early 1980s featured mosaic ideological tendencies attracted figures previously resistant party party managed draw supporters mainstream right including high profile european elections candidates came parties party list included arab jew positions collaborators accepted party pen urged need reconciliation arguing years war important question wish serve country won overall support elections areas legislative elections took advantage new proportional representation system imposed order moderate defeat election won vote seats seats filled new wave respectable political joined party success won majority smaller centre right parties avoided need deal unable exercise real political influence party project image political legitimacy party time effectively came end reinstated round system majority voting election regional elections held day won seats gained representation french regional councils depended support win regional councils won vice presidential posts regions consolidation pen campaign upcoming presidential election unofficially began months following election promote credentials trips united_states africa management formal campaign launched april entrusted new entourage pen traversed france entire period helped employed american style campaign presidential campaign highly successful candidates came close rival ability audiences rallies boost ratings television appearances populist tone pen presented representative people gang central theme campaign national preference presidential election pen won unprecedented vote double votes hurt snap legislative elections return ballot majority voting limited campaign period departure election party retained support previous legislative election reduced single seat following anti semitic comments newspaper late 1980s valuable politicians left party soon left party remaining member november general secretary wife instrumental early electoral successes died car accident leaving facto deputy leader got elections announced reject alliance including local level european elections held seats won vote wake electoral success immigration debate growing concerns islamic major test relations values islam following event surveys found french public opinion largely negative islam legislative election candidate campaigning anti platform returned symbolic presence early 1990s mainstream politicians began employing anti immigration rhetoric round legislative elections overall vote win single seat nature electoral system election proportional representation won seats presidential election pen rose slightly vote municipal elections won absolute majority cities municipal elections toulon orange won small town pen declared party implement national preference policy risk provoking central government odds laws republic pursued policies regards new cultural towns directly influencing artistic events cinema schedules library holdings cutting halting subsidies associations party won fourth town election similar policies pursued new mayor ran place husband went significant measure introducing special babies born parent french measure ruled illegal court giving suspended prison sentence fine year ban public office turmoil split legislative elections polled best result support metropolitan france confirming position important political force france showed party established compete leader decided run focus presidential election won seat thanks good communication director advanced second round arguably influential seats unusual display dissent favoured tactical cooperation weakened centre right following left victory pen rejected compromise tenth national congress stepped position party rising star potential leader following pen refused designate successor elect instead wife leader list upcoming european election faction left january founded effectively splitting half levels joined new joined mid-1980s vision building bridges parliamentary right particularly influential policies immigration identity national preference following split pen denounced racist support parties equal european election polled lowest national score won effects split competition moderate nationalists left combined support lower result presidential election presidential election opinion polls predicted run incumbent president candidate shock great pen unexpectedly beat round resulted presidential run leftist candidate candidate far right pen advantage election campaign increasingly focused law order issues helped media attention number violent incidents weakened competition exceptional number leftist parties campaign second round widespread anti pen protests media public opinion culminated day estimated million france refused debate pen traditional televised debate cancelled end won presidential run unprecedented vote votes according polls cast simply block pen following presidential election main centre right parties merged form broad based failed hold pen support legislative elections got vote won mere support fielded number candidates late 2000s decline new electoral system round voting introduced regional elections attempt reduce influence regional councils won vote metropolitan france number new electoral system european elections new system favourable introduced party regained strength earning vote seven seats presidential election pen agreed join forces pen came fourth election vote party won seats legislative election year party support lowest score election candidate reached runoff defeated socialist incumbent electoral defeats partly accounted party financial problems pen announced sale headquarters personal armoured car permanent employees dismissed regional elections appeared emerged political scene surprisingly winning overall vote seats marine pen present announced september retire president pen daughter pen executive vice president campaigned presidency succeed pen marine candidacy backed father january announced received thirds vote needed new leader sought transform mainstream party image opinion polls showed party popularity increase elections party won overall vote french electoral system party won seats election presidential election opinion polls showed challenger polls suggesting win round election event pen came round scoring best showing legislative election national won seats polls presidential favourites april pen polled ahead president electoral successes municipal elections held march lists officially supported national won cities 7th sector following municipal elections national cities inhabitants different levels local government international media described results historic impressive suggested hopes real political power remain fantasy national national received votes election finishing vote france seats time anti immigrant party won nationwide election decade history party success came shock france year national went win victory round regional elections december placing newly regions emerging ahead major establishment parties overall pen won vote political profile party ideology broadly described scholars shields authoritarian nationalist populist changed considerably foundation pursued principles adapting changing political climate time message increasingly influenced mainstream political parties moved somewhat closer centre right denounced policies fascist features integral historical generic absent party prominent law order campaigned law order platform zero tolerance sentencing increased prison capacity referendum introducing death penalty program party linked breakdown law order immigration deeming immigration mortal threat civil peace france immigration early years immigration policy minor issue party immigration reduced themes exclusion non european immigrants largely brought party arrival group topic subsequently increasingly important early 1980s recent popular academic press party program reduced single issue immigration party opposes immigration particularly muslim immigration north_africa west_africa middle_east years especially split cultivated moderate image issues immigration islam compared proposals france longer supports systematic legal immigrants supports activities illegal criminal unemployed immigrants leader party focused perceived threat secular value system criticised muslims alleged impose values country following arab spring rebellions countries active campaigning halting migration europe immigrants economy end 1970s pen refurbished party appeal breaking away heritage instead commitment popular capitalism started extremely market liberal program issues included lower taxes reducing state intervention bureaucracy scholars considered program regarded reagan party economic policy shifted 1980s 1990s seen framework changed international environment battle communism nationalism 1980s complained rising number social parasites called tax cuts welfare state party gained growing support economically vulnerable converted politics social welfare economic shift away claim social popular national right claim right left french increasingly party program free market policies political commentators claimed left wing economic policies leadership clear support criticised capitalism certain industries characterised proponent letting government care health education transportation banking energy foreign policy 1980s 1990s party policy shifted favouring european_union turning campaigned pulling france introducing national currency early 2000s party denounced amsterdam treaties foundations entity spelling end france party criticised stage road world government puppet proposed breaking institutional ties treaty rome returned supporting common european currency rival united_states dollar rejected possible accession turkey parties backed france rejection treaty european constitution issues opposed invasions iraq led united_states gulf war iraq war visited baghdad subsequently considered friend advocated france leave euro spain greece portugal wants customs borders campaigned allowing dual citizenship crisis civil war opposed french military recast party image israel israel right secure terrorism criticising leadership iran russia ukraine described russian president defender christian heritage european national considers ukraine united_states ukrainian crisis national anti russian feelings eastern_europe submission western_europe nato interests region critical threats sanctions directed international community russia european countries seek solution diplomacy making threats lead argues united_states leading new cold war russia sees solution peace ukraine organize kind federation allow region large degree autonomy thinks ukraine sovereign free nations wrote guardian national pro russian said russian government considered national capable seizing power france changing course european history moscow favour according french media party leaders frequent contact russian ambassador multiple trips moscow advisers attended event marking independence self proclaimed people republic russian bank loan november confirmed party received million loan czech russian bank moscow national senior officials party political bureau informed installment million loan disputed independent said loans moscow attempt influence internal politics new level stated remarkable political party freedom funded sphere largest european enemy freedom argued donation russian government loan private russian bank bank loan loan meant prepare future electoral campaigns progressively publicly disclosed rejection letters french banks sent concerning loan requests november insists french bank agrees loan break contract received counter accused banks current government april russian group published texts member administration deputy ties france discussing russian financial support national exchange support russia annexation view nazi history relations jewish groups wrote far right weekly magazine german occupation france particularly inevitable country square miles referred nazi gas chambers point detail history second world war repeated claim times said question existence concentration camps historians discuss number deaths existence gas chambers historians speak minds received fines sentence found guilty courts current leader party pen distanced time party machine protest father comment presidential elections sought support jewish people france father went world jewish congress international relations groups group helped establish european right election consisted early inspiration following election teamed german republicans new group left germans arrival evolved chose distance member short lived group mentioned groups party sat non affiliated currently leads group includes polish congress new right member member romania presidency party active establishing extra parliamentary national congress established loose group consisted variety european right wing parties having failed cooperate sought mid-1990s initiate contacts far right parties including countries drew support visited significant refused join efforts sought distance pen later attempted build separate group joined left alliance european parties visited japan movement shrine conference new leaders announced deeper cooperation parties pursuing policy new president national joined october pan european platform founded late recognized individual members linked british independence party movements sweden democrats belgian flanders malta germany slovakia etc visit united_states met republican members associated movement known strong stance time presidential candidate pen complimented stance gold standard apart party parliamentary group european party czech_republic leadership party leaders pen present vice presidents party vice presidents july previously 1st vice president present charge training demonstrations present charge social affairs present charge elections electoral present charge strategy communication present charge local executives supervision present general interim period internal campaign election results national marginal party election participated breakthrough european elections won vote following election party support ranged saw drop late 2000s elections party support increased heights party managed advance final round presidential elections failed attract support initial round vote presidential regional councils french france france
National Front (France)