georgia great georgian january reigned queen georgia presiding apex georgian golden age member dynasty position woman rule georgia right emphasized title king commonly afforded medieval georgian sources proclaimed heir ruler reigning father faced significant opposition aristocracy ascension ruling powers george death successful opposition embarked energetic foreign policy aided decline hostile relying powerful military able build successes predecessors consolidate empire dominated collapse attacks decades death married twice union prince divorced expelled country defeating subsequent coup attempts second consort chose prince children george successive monarchs throne georgia association period political military successes cultural achievements combined role female ruler led georgian arts historical memory remains important symbol georgian popular culture georgian feast day commemorated early life ascent throne born circa king georgia consort daughter king possible younger sister mentioned contemporary accounts reign hebrew origin like biblical names favored dynasty claim descended david second king israel youth coincided major georgia father confronted rebellious faction nobles rebels intended george favor king nephew considered legitimate royal heir murdered father cause little pretext nobles led father law constable weaken crown able crush revolt embarked crackdown campaign defiant aristocratic clans death surviving members family driven georgia blinded uncle order survive soon died prison rebellion suppressed eliminated george went ahead opt government crowned ruler king attempted dispute death line throne georgia time raised men gentry classes aristocracy away center power early reign marriage years ruler father death continued sole monarch crowned second time cathedral near western georgia inherited relatively strong kingdom tendencies fostered great nobles far considerable opposition succession sparked reaction policies father encouraged new sovereign perceived weakness sex georgia previously female ruler aristocracy questioned legitimacy tried exploit youth supposed weakness assert greater autonomy energetic involvement influential aunt georgian patriarch crucial succession throne young queen forced making significant concessions aristocracy reward patriarch michael support making chancellor placing clerical secular pressured dismissing father constable georgian birth helped crackdown defiant nobility untitled escape fate treasurer led group nobles wealthy citizens struggle limit royal authority creating new council members deliberate decide policy attempt feudal rendered abortive arrested supporters submission moves reduce power aristocratic unsuccessful failed attempt use church dismiss patriarch michael noble council asserted right approve royal queen husband prince forced nobles time nobles required marry order leader army provide heir throne choice fell son murdered prince lived refugee north choice approved aunt prince brought georgia marry queen proved able soldier difficult person soon ran wife strained relations paralleled struggle royal court rights queen turning point fortunes came death powerful patriarch michael queen replaced chancellor supporter gradually expanded power base elevated loyal nobles high positions court notably second marriage persuaded noble council approve divorce accused addiction sent constantinople assisted georgian anxious check growing power coup attempts failed went obscurity queen chose second husband prince 18th century georgian scholar descent early 11th century georgian king capable military commander major supporter instrumental defeating rebellious nobles rallied david children queen gave birth son future king daughter born succeed brother sovereign georgia status king consort presence art charters coins dictated necessity male aspects remained subordinate ruler shared throne derived power continued styled king kings georgian language king necessarily imply masculine rendered sovereign female equivalent ali queen applied queens consort king closest senior female relatives occasionally called ali georgian chronicles charters title applied mark unique position women foreign policy military campaigns muslim neighbors succeeded consolidating power found reliable support noble families revived foreign policy predecessors repeated occasions strife georgia combined efforts regional successors great empire slowed dynamic achieved reigns great grandfather father active prominently second decade rule early georgian government began interfere affairs aiding local princes reducing tributary state attempted stem georgian advance suffered defeat hands lost capital georgian protégé able resume reign year later barely able contain georgian armies led generals dynasty capital armenian kingdom received queen base brothers ahead central armenian lands fortresses districts local muslim rulers taken fell alarmed georgian successes sultan rallied vassal marched georgia camp attacked destroyed battle chronicler describes army assembled rock town marching queen addressed troops balcony church captured behalf georgian crown repelled walls brought struggle armenian lands stall leaving region relatively secure possession new masters brothers laid waste according georgian armenian annals revenge local muslim ruler attack massacre city christian population great final burst brothers led army possessions vassal territories march northwest iran settlements way middle_east remarkable events reign foundation black_sea coast state established brother david northeastern provinces byzantine_empire aid georgian troops david relatives fugitive byzantine princes raised georgian court according historian aim georgian expedition punish byzantine emperor shipment money georgian queen monasteries mount endeavor better explained desire advantage western european fourth crusade constantinople set friendly state georgia immediate southwestern neighborhood solidarity sought use weakness byzantine_empire defeat hands sultan order gain georgia position international stage assume traditional role byzantine crown protector christians middle_east christian georgian missionaries active monastic communities scattered eastern mediterranean chronicle praises universal protection christianity support churches monasteries egypt bulgaria cyprus georgian court primarily concerned protection georgian monastic centers 12th century georgian monasteries listed jerusalem biographer ibn reports conquest jerusalem sent envoys sultan request confiscated possessions georgian monasteries jerusalem returned response recorded queen efforts successful attained acre shortly death gives evidence presence jerusalem writes contrast christian pilgrims allowed free passage city banners furthermore claims byzantine emperor efforts obtain relics offering gold pieces taken relics booty battle avail golden age feudal monarchy georgia political cultural exploits rooted long complex past owed accomplishments immediately reforms great grandfather remotely efforts architects political unity georgian kingdoms opening decade 11th century able build successes years reign georgian state reached power prestige middle ages realm stretched greater crest north south northwest vicinity southeast forming pan empire loyal regime northern central armenia vassal ally contemporary georgian historian master lands black_sea royal title reflected sway traditional subdivisions georgian realm included new components emphasizing georgian crown neighboring lands coins charters issued identified queen achieved powers noble council continued function prestige expansion georgian version kept powerful princes kingdom classical period history georgian attempts feudal practices areas previously unknown pass resistance revolt georgia northeastern frontier months heavy fighting commercial centers georgia control industry commerce brought new wealth country court tribute extracted neighbors war booty added royal treasury giving rise saying peasants like nobles nobles like princes princes like kings culture prosperity came distinct georgian culture emerging christianity western eastern influences despite continued identify georgian monarchy seeking association christianity present position god given period canon georgian orthodox architecture redesigned series large scale built byzantine derived expression royal power modified ways bolster unprecedented position woman ruling right extant monumental church portraits queen clearly modeled byzantine imagery highlight specifically georgian themes persian type ideals female beauty despite georgia byzantine leaning culture country intimate trade connections middle_east evidenced contemporary georgian legends composed georgian arabic series coins circa depicted local variant byzantine arabic inscription reverse proclaiming champion contemporary georgian chronicles christian morality literature continued flourish time lost earlier dominant position secular literature highly original developed close contact neighboring cultures trend culminated epic poem knight skin celebrates ideals age revered georgia greatest achievement native literature death burial consort died devastating disease far capital having previously crowned son historian relates queen suddenly fell ill discussing state affairs ministers castle near town transported nearby castle died subjects remains transferred cathedral monastery family burial ground georgian royal dynasty traditional scholarly opinion died indications died earlier later times number legends emerged place burial buried secret niche monastery prevent grave enemies version suggests remains remote location possibly french knight letter dated early 13th century written palestine addressed bishop claimed heard king heading jerusalem huge army conquered cities carrying report said remains mother powerful queen regina unable pilgrimage lifetime bequeathed body buried near 20th century quest grave subject scholarly research focus broader public interest georgian writer wrote essay far knows grave belongs grave heart georgian perception grave beautiful flower great orthodox academic view places grave series archaeological studies beginning failed locate monastery legacy popular culture medieval centuries queen emerged dominant figure georgian historical construction reign golden age began reign focus era medieval georgian poets including claimed inspiration works legend consumed love queen ended days monastery dramatic scene poem seasoned crowns daughter option comments lion good female male queen subject contemporary chronicles notably accounts centered reign life queen queens primary sources georgian literature protector widowed blessed place particular emphasis virtues woman beauty love mercy fidelity purity georgian church later named saint lifetime bilingual attached manuscript events took place immediate successors decades death invasions brought georgian abrupt end later periods national revival match achievements reign contributed cult blurred distinction queen real personality popular memory image acquired legendary romantic façade diverse set folk songs poems tales illustrate ideal ruler holy woman certain attributes pagan deities christian saints projected example old legend queen son shines window myth georgian mountains pagan deity weather controls winter similarly highland district image fused pagan goddess healing female fertility occasionally accompanied army described planning campaigns directly involved fighting memory military victories reign contributed popular image model warrior queen echoed tale queen popular 16th century russian story fictional georgian queen fighting terrible seizure encouraged army examples battles describing modern modern perception shaped influence 19th century growing nationalism georgian intellectuals time russian western 19th century image reflected european orient georgia perceived position characteristics women writer described fascinated exotic russian poet wrote romantic poem russian utilized old georgian legend like mountainous princess poet gave depiction georgian queen destructive apparent historical background influential raise issue sexuality question given prominence 19th century european authors play queen successful theatre critics saw modern woman dressed medieval costume read play commentary new woman 1890s russian conductor composed symphony named georgian literature differently russian western european view georgian followed medieval tradition portrayal gentle woman ruled country permanently war sentiment inspired contemporary 13th century wall painting ruined monastery uncovered restored 1840s source numerous circulating georgia time inspired poet romantic poem furthermore georgian reacting russian rule georgia suppression national institutions contrasted era contemporary situation lost past writings georgia perception persisted present time marriage prince subject prose works modern georgia play originally entitled unfortunate russian attacked soviet critics centuries long friendship russian georgian peoples communist_party pressure revise title plot accordance official ideology soviet state satirical short story russian penned young georgian writer focused frustrated wedding night outraged conservatives triggered nationwide controversy including heated discussions media chart shows abbreviated family tracing grandfather grandchildren
Tamar of Georgia