chess opening begins moves despite early debut received attention leading players win black enjoyed rise popularity early 1920s rarely played level experiences lower percentage draws main lines lower overall performance black black try variation rapid development pieces common main possibilities white variation sees white seeking spatial advantage centre pieces notably important square variation gives white important spatial advantage strong centre variation leads important choice white reply brings game white enjoys bishop pair tries break keeps material advantage cost weakening white structure black usually looks aggressive game lines shock opponents know theory white structure contains specific strategic themes battle white extra black typically attacks white defends variation game evolve black attacking white manoeuvres lifts white attacking black push case black centre numerous variations allows white gain space open prospects light square bishop black check allows rapid development history feature article showed origins opening entirely known game played game featured key aspects active play black pieces white making typical mistake moving queen early player white pieces strong player new opening went unnoticed apart local experts witnessed game hungarians developed opening played dutch surgeon small tournament austrian player played vienna published optimistic analysis use opening world class player berlin april double round robin tournament players play black round ranked fourth best player world style loss play sought advice friend showed main ideas hungarian players found followed advice beat convincingly moves victory went win tournament defeat lost game drew opening tournament finally began taken seriously players like started play published monograph die des considered book opening reached peak popularity thousand games played white players adopted order avoid leading started look reliable showed white strong attack games hastings weeks later theme tournament held result black favor tournament year saw losing pet line white line mixed reputation plans developed white showed white small advantage assessment valid today possibility considered attractive structural weaknesses valued material advantage days end 1920s despite invention highly original variation considered theoretically dubious assessment left unchanged decades players highest level information games lesser players easily found time responses developed line included invented developed masters master showed white succeeded plan meant black worse tendencies sacrifices introduced variation line based pushes quick attack saw short lived revival included games previous years played high level competition won black white players found reinforcements invented line 21st century despite successful efforts line appears highest level black defeated opening round steel chess competition performance database website scores black wins white wins draws percentage draws especially low compared mainstream alternatives draws draws opening gives chance win opponents percentage black wins lower alternative main line percentage black wins falls lower main lines widely black times period best players world scored points times eighth best player world including tournament bad scored point world class opposition ranked number world ranked number ranked number seven number world win defeats played twice years number scoring points ranked number ranked number recently twice scoring win players times number scored points wins world champion ranked number games took place rapid blitz events modern assessment old opening seldom champions having fallen disgrace white methods small advantage defence strategically sound black gets good structure possibilities attack problems generally come white pressure column lack space manoeuvre pieces writes respectable opening doubt lines white manages extra black lot play strategic tactical themes white builds imposing centre variation white try defend material advantage instead building imposing centre brings good prospects space advantage serve basis future attack extended centre explains white invest valuable protecting structure allows black seize best squares minor pieces excellent prospects white centre variation black lets white build centre undermine later playing philosophy espoused teachings school strategic themes similar ones found openings like attack manoeuvre introduced black develops aggressively sixth rank moves lift example happen variation sequence support piece attack white king black easily pieces white king notably queen knight queen arrival square facilitated absence white knight square cover square black knight square block way black queen white tries defend allow sacrificed order open file particularly useful attack makes difficult white play chase away black knight furthermore attack intensified major pieces doubling file recycled diagonal apply pressure stay diagonal pressure white pushes stage innovation 1980s gave new life arise delaying order allow lift light square bishop wait long time develop attack potentially annoying black means closing sixth rank abandoning active diagonal blocking deployed addition risk king knight fork single black plan fall direct attack repelled old lines instead king developed queen retained placed file opens result black exchanged recaptured advantages variations black opportunity play depends white possible answers white blocks check black capture knight white forced isolated doubled advantage black fully loss bishop pair immunity attacks square black stronghold pieces piece exchanges good black hope exploit crippled structure ending hand white recapture piece trade typically bishop pair insufficient compensation white compelled play concession makes harder knight reach ideal square black later compelled exchange white gains bishop pair situations finally white play black exchange bishops white forced recapture recapture allow reach square example variation right good white good reply apart loses causes white great problems attacked results double attack black answer simultaneously attacking pressure square variation white moved backward open file black apply pressure file general square particular typical moves plan include manoeuvre followed putting heavy pieces file right placed pressure depending circumstances involved cases assert control central square plan viable certain conditions met square available later transfer white able easily advance adequately defended possible finally white time launch quick attack black position thrust breakthrough push main lines push brings gains white variation right white gets bishop pair space advantage order build potential advantages common plan perform minority attack goal performing advance favourable conditions push yield advantages white prospects light square bishop creates half open file attack creates isolated backward exchange example right natural mistaken white immediately realise strategic goal black accepts temporary sacrifice white gets created weak black declines difficulties developing example followed weak black generally tries hinder push moves like creates hidden similarly variation white doubled limit scope bishop pair push free light squared bishop disrupt black position variation white good reasons push close diagonal harder black develop pushes like answered respectively creating weak black prospects enhanced named game vienna occurs variation attacked black moment instead regains sets trap right white win piece falling allow mate exchange threat mate remains indirectly defends capture rare variant occurred miniature variation moves white trying save queen fell mate variation variation named game played tournament white ready return order develop pieces best squares square square diagonal black try minor line delays development dark square bishop develop diagonal instead diagonal depending circumstances main line attack forcing blocking white bishop white pieces protect long run placing bishop square points explains sight bishop lacks prospects held bay insecure view threat exchange reality posting bishop deep strategic significance holds advance assuming white bishop future knight outpost turn activity white bishops exchanging threat bishop retreat cases remain support important theoretical decision white choose play protects square threatens advance encourages black lift puts long ago obvious intention expanding standard black responds logical apparent tournament practice inclusion moves fact black favour gives queen access play square line opinion gradually shifted main continuation possible continuation present status considered mistake threat push taken seriously black typically answers 1980s discovered push actually useful black allows developed sixth rank push useful white able easily push puts point fits plan attacking white little way defending white find clear way good use turn critical waste tempo moves black regained invested white space advantage centre initiate pressure pushes like possibly supported knight square white king lacks defenders black start pieces driven attack lift section stem game continued black won moves avoid unfavourable development white players changed order original square long possible help defence typical order met immediately attacking black usually manoeuvre considers situation favourable white thinks black lot possibilities lift struggle lies ahead line advance white tries gain tempo lines previous section making difficult black initiate lifts moves white tried different plans older sees white attack centre moves like white gets important space advantage centre black attack lifts white try capture point retreat lock black played thinks right importance diagonal black bishop white obvious path minute advantage black simply react loss bishop pair compensated semi open file improved control central squares considers exchange black better position main continuation keeping knight jumps later common plan black lift plan tried commented game berlin open black duly won game continuation authors agree advantage consider white advantage recommending instead dangerous threats writes true bishop pair looks bit lined rank way stop breaking later second plan white unveiled aims moves like original game black white idea black pieces ill placed counter white attack plan black react centre specifically targeting backward square black succeeded white expansion black fine order white searching new path prefers white white immediate extremely dangerous black offered white gets fierce attack free variation sequence called variation reference famous game berlin employed authors consider dangerous black aims answer blocking contrary happens variation point variation white faces risk strong attack section variation seldom case placed protect white hand early development bishop means white vulnerable check defended rare cases subject attack apart main line continues players developing pieces white important choice moves leading extremely different play white breakup return material advantage bishop pair active play centre white gives healthy structure acquire bishop pair white generally plays force immediate exchange bishop knight gaining bishop pair spatial advantage chances minority attack white try win tempo variation end exchange favourable circumstances exists regarded end 20th century squares particularly covered white try exploit weaknesses manoeuvres pressure diagonal pressure squares open file nonetheless line found new supporters recent years thanks black wins years reaction considered retreat black provocative fourth points bishop danger staying play long time later found effective black capturing white tries advantage weakening black typical moves considers best try sacrificing weaken black control square expose black king white tried quickly open file black succeeds keeping file closed alternative place bishop wide open diagonal white expect safe advantage according delaying recapture correct white gain advantage immediate better time considered black problems dealing threats correct way black found good black white efforts switched open file black avoid leave advantage white example black loss line white advantage consisting ability install knight strong square attack weakened black advance better black continue fail black try instead line important line black ensured regaining sacrificed black best immediately exchange white gets small advantage simply avoiding doubled section advantages black pressure white possibility white threatens ease pressure force unfavourable square black possibilities sustain initiative line puts pressure white pressure later intensified black queen gains access square puts pressure diagonal aimed white king reach position famous game later lost better correct method black target thinks inappropriate gives black excellent prefers black switch mode line black want queen prefers concentrate active piece play centre possible queen developed exposed exposed considers main respectable option considers inaccurate black try create attacking weak cases key possibility knight attacks weak controls square supports thrust line way till attacked black play allow trap mate section trap white forced exchange pair knights white win piece usually plays order protect mating threat black obliged bishop lose bishop black usually plays explains opening assess position favourable white basis bishop pair considering closed nature position white faces substantial difficulties nominal advantage black lot things proud targets white camp lot resistance thanks small assets black strongly attacks moving natural squares exchanging knight appealing white mean losing advantage bishop pair better counterpart makes good squares remains restricted explains natural plans sides white try minority attack order increase space advantage create weaknesses black isolated backward white try use advances good conditions supported queen file file hand black try position closed importantly keeping order bay achieved moves like manoeuvre black white plays gets clear advantage immediately example loses bad white winning international master suggested alternative black regards inferior arguing strong black bishop traded knight white gets long term advantage bishops semi open game taylor instead advocates black stands wins wins material battle push white try tried supports aforementioned plan particular white choose wants start active operations immediately wants finish development immediate possible sacrifice order open bishops points black knight lost support tactical motifs based carefully checked white gets powerful attack decisive idea tried preparatory white reminded finished development counter attack playing black chose different path opponent sacrificed chose destroy structure activate pieces use file popular white delays play achieved gives black time organise defence line variation white tries avoid order gain tempo variation standard moves followed black chance exchange game entirely different structure depending black gives bishop pair tries thinks strategies black gives bishop pair exchanging mistake like strategy retreat recommends strategy retreat bishop maintain position help advance black gives bishop pair black runs risk end tempo variation soon unable meet white threats white avoid push continue standard plans variation bad black implement plan white concentrate development turns attention means black time organise play variation notably attempt blockade square white immediate pressure black position black compelled castle rapidly king centre longer time castle note white wasted time fact easy extra tempo possibility black develop light square bishop rapidly moves game continued position better white suggests improvement game norwegian team championship black introduced highly original plan avoiding natural advance instead blocked white push playing game continued deeply impressed plan white fun allowed advance restricted easily removed weakness worry protected necessary black keeps bishop pair black avoid immediate exchange ways resurrected elaborated exchange achieved loses piece white possibilities play advantage advanced development space advantage possibility install knight good square taylor considers black best line stating black given white bishop pair weakened structure able gradually possibility black long possible exchanging white knight favourable circumstances couple attempts mind subtle variations moves mundane white continue right play exposed knight ideal square idea immediate square bishop push possible advance white knight moves game bad black kept bishop dynamic play right black wants open diagonal queen white react attack ways best develop piece protect helps guarding threat winning exchange answered white repel black attack instead black play recommends black open diagonal black tries advantage fact white moved dark squared bishop away leaving protection correct plan white shown played open diagonal weakened precisely useful support push exchange knight black dark squared bishop possible forcing retreat puts doubt black satisfactory answer white play game variation variation named thanks wins games hastings white try material advantage establishing strong center space advantage controversial point typical black manoeuvre black white doubled white centre thinks considering bad good main line black important choice retreat considered best retreat probably playable taylor considers inferior recommending instead rarely played idea taylor point allow taylor suggests meeting quick development lost considers main line good play black line knight safer placed general strategy control central dark squares knight white difficulties short plan exchange dark squared bishops met muddy waters points white longer castle usually way slow gives black time try undermine white centre end comes order pin white knight white queen note black wait opponent wasted tempo main continuation controls diagonal considered best reply black wants contest square try games continue best reply white controversial diagonal weakened black develops square queen square placed pressure black pieces continuing pushes like probably weakening demonstrated game black best attack pieces possibly setup case considers knight avoided black respond capture white considers avoided continuation gives white black queen better recommends introduction intermediate change opinion bishop placed black experienced difficulties developing mention game cited black played advance restrict white advance achieved equality instead recommends development game deserves attention white movements restricted black knight able settle square kicked thematic appear reached position elaborated previous games tempo black committed bishop later drop square instead heading white knight actively placed fact fully black slight loss time line knight puts pressure embarrassed later thrust attempt deny squares continuing achieve goal black superior structure positioned gives advantage leaves white choice controls square order prepare push unlike white fear encounters difficulties black knight danger lost instead black react quickly adopt normal setup act threatening point favour black queen prevents white short placed white castles long takes diagonal black lines prepare long castle mandatory white opt avoid having doubled prepared sacrifice piece activity deficit normal defence runs attacked white need bother doubled peaceful black player choose quiet followed normal development instead adventurous black player choose indicated recent book thinks game black player peaceful aggressive proposes alternative black king safe shall easy white meet main responses allow black promising chances respectively variation variation said origins chess circles leipzig important game tournament variation black makes immediate effort regain preferring concentrate active piece play tactical tricks allows white avoid annoying bishop check annoying knight jump prepares undermine black knight consider white best assessing leading large advantage white considers best answer point effective lines met gives black bishops placed squares recommends instead continues large advantage white develops piece covers sensitive square black easily confused order natural position white try strong initiative white retain bishop recommends difficult play black certain gain avoid possibilities advises order mention possibility white answering possible improvement black compensation lines line immediately attacks retreat black effectively surrender temporary lead development compensation sacrificed black continue develop trying square means easy thinks gives black problems solve agree stating reply followed ensures black rapid development plenty reason danger list reply right white pieces deciding white reply lose bishop pair black easily regain knight block black open game favourable circumstances best white black regained white bishop pair possibilities attack possibilities line apart main lines significant fourth continue order white knight starts journey reach ideal square idea favorite leading soviet coach writer wrote book soviet chess line shown strong correspondence player black tried prevent white idea suitably strange looking taking square white develop active possibility store knight central position black ignore white intentions concentrate play placing order pressure square position black knights secured black position similar variation played white reason abandon diagonal black try game white gained minimal edge fourth moves lines tried outcome varying immediate equality clear advantage black cooling avoids complications heads equal black loss right castle great importance queens traded black wants avoid early try exchange queens plus black white isolated doubled weak white development diagonal black immediately exploit threatens fork white black later push open centre black good squares pieces white delayed reasonable looking protects attacks problem white natural moves lead disaster best black natural error winning queen white develop quietly moves like allowing black find active positions pieces preparing ideas excellent attacking possibilities similar white seize opportunity return calm waters line try black lead development declining declining seen master play promises white equality best white prematurely blocked central position giving diagonal black bishop variation black play plan like plan like shy line french defence black develop rapidly black gains crushing attack game continued assess position favourable black game paris continued white problems developing potential weakness games singapore following game played chinese white armenian black singapore preparing manoeuvre calls advance soul new played stronger white played writes shows like aggression white defended white repeat moves try black time increase pressure winning queen black force mate moves thrill play board
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