jack small origins fox hunting principally white bodied smooth rough broken coated frequently confused russell russell shorter legged variety russell known term commonly small white broad type size range inches limited middle range standard size inches russell smaller inches breed different physical proportions according standards breed clubs energetic breed rely high level exercise relatively free health complaints originating dogs bred reverend early 19th century breed takes similar origins modern fox gone changes years corresponding different use breed standards set clubs recognition clubs breed opposed breed parent societies resulted breeding recognition russell appeared times film television print historical dogs note history sporting small white fox working know today bred reverend hunting born trace origin extinct english white difficulty dog creature pursuing brought need white dog year university exeter college oxford purchased small white tan female named local nearby small hamlet ideal fox time term bolt described white patch dark tan eye ear whilst similar dot larger penny piece marks root tail davies friend russell wrote animal russell seen dreams basis breeding program develop high stamina hunt courage formation chase gone ground 1850s dogs recognised distinct breed important attribute dog tempered provide necessary drive pursue bolt fox resulting physical harm quarry effectively ending chase considered russell said blood line developed respected qualities dogs taken hunt enthusiasts unlikely dogs alive today proven descendants russell forced sell dogs occasion financial difficulty aged non breeding left died fox type dogs today descended dogs period documented earlier found records remain documented breeding 1860s 1880s formed russell founder members breed standard description breed appeared start 20th century fox altered modern breed parts country old style remained dogs modern type descended breeds claim heritage early fox period including brazilian japanese miniature fox rat following russell death people efforts continue strains men surname east cornwall named archer east point couples descended russell dogs type aimed big fox usually pounds created breed standard founded devon aims promote digging fox hunting breeding suitable purpose acquired likely descended russell original dogs russell probably hunted point snow hunting club likely provided original turn 20th century russell associated breed dog club later renamed jack russell club digging required different type dog fox hunting likely bull stock introduced strengthen breed caused creation shorter legged variety started appear period time split appearing working fox split occurring different types white carrying invited judge classes working aim bring working ring influence disregard working qualities dogs classes continued years judges dropped attempt classes heavily competed following death leadership club passed club folded shortly world war post world war following world war requirement hunting dogs drastically declined numbers dogs increasingly family companion dogs cross breeding occurred welsh smaller breeds offspring crosses known dogs russell jack russell club america formed breeders united_states size ranges dogs kept broad ability working dogs awarded higher shows open registry maintained restricted line breeding registration club adulthood birth ensure breed qualities remain given open registry breed clubs appeared united_kingdom 1970s promote breed including jack russell club great_britain jack russell club promoted range sizes remain standards today set minimum height dogs inches sought ensure breed working ability remained non recognition breed activity sought recognition jack russell club great_britain resurrected seek recognition breed application initially rejected new standard created based standard standard breed recognised jack russell jack dropped official recognised breed russell late 1990s american explored possibility recognising opposed jack russell club america want breed lose essential working characteristics jack russell breeders association formed petitioned breed admission granted recognised standard size breed narrowed previous club standard recognised changed jack russell breeders association renamed new zealand national associations registers russell size requirements standards classify dog russell united_states registered compared russell modern breeds mistaken modern including cousin russell modern breeds exist descended early breed including miniature description working nature remain years ago tough measuring inches weigh pounds body length proportion height dog present compact balanced image predominantly white coloration black tan markings exhibit smooth rough combination known broken coat broken coated dog longer hair tail face seen smooth coated dog skin pattern small black brown spots referred carry outer coat coat types dense double coats silky case smooth coats case rough coats head moderate width ears eyes slightly flat ears defined stop end muzzle meets head black nose jaw powerful bite straight teeth eyes shaped dark coloured life intelligence small shaped ears moderate thickness carried forward head dog alert tip extend past outer corner eyes tail set high past docked approximately inches order provide sufficient hand hold gripping appear balanced alert primarily working important physical characteristic chest size large prevents dog entering working red fox traditional quarry working small pursue red vary size world average pounds weight average chest size inches widest differences related breeds breeds similar sharing common origin marked differences notable range acceptable heights differences include longer head larger chest overall larger body size height according breed standard inches places range jack russell club america standard size inches standard standard general working standard russell called english short generally smaller related breed breed standards english jack russell club alliance states ideal height inches called english irish recognised height united_kingdom according great_britain breed standard size standard united_states inches compared russell longer tall points equal distance standard smaller size listed requirement hunted devon years area hunted notes state given choice ninety percent hunt men buy worker available temperament foremost working originally bred bolt fox hunts numerous ground dwelling quarry red grey fox working required locate quarry earth bolt hold place dug accomplish dog bark expect attention quarry continuously preservation working ability highest importance registered breeders tend extremely intelligent athletic fearless vocal dogs uncommon dogs moody destructive properly stimulated exercised tendency bore easily create fun left entertain high energy drive dogs suited number different dog sports agility obedience classes recommended potential owners times aggressive animals humans properly despite small size dogs recommended apartment owner ready task providing dog necessary exercise tremendous energy size fact lead trouble involving larger animals tire energetic owner called day members breed friendly children tolerate abuse health breed reputation healthy long lifespan breeders protected gene pool direct line breeding prevented live years given proper care certain lines noted having specific health concerns occur line generation genes issues include hereditary syndrome disease hunt driven dog usually pursue creatures encounters includes breed prone toxic shock syndrome chemical spray absorbed dog causes red blood cells undergo occasionally lead fatal kidney failure sprayed underground cause chemical burning treatments available flush dog system eye disorders lens known common hereditary disorder condition common occurrence breed frequently appearing dogs ages years old lens eyes displaced types posterior lens slips eye anterior lens slips forward posterior severe types eye appear normal dog affected anterior lens slip forward damaging anterior high probability causing lead partial complete treatment available include medical surgical options secondary lens caused trauma eye hereditary condition appears number breeds border brittany affect breed dog condition seen humans lens eye characterised eye dog vision lead permanent left considered mainly hereditary disease caused diabetes old age radiation eye injury exposure high temperatures conditions known hereditary disorder affecting knees slips groove normally sits effects temporary dog running holding hind leg air running slipped place happened dogs problem rear knees complications include torn knee severe cases require surgery prone inherited eye diseases disease hip joints small dog breeds prone mast cell syndrome called head ball section hip joint following blood flow condition humans dogs causes hind legs thigh muscles pain joint usually occurs months age documented variety breeds including border known dog born thought dog type inspiration painting dog looking listening later renamed painting variety music related companies including emi today remains use incorporated logo europe named history owned explorers dog travel north south poles feat unlikely repeated dogs banned antarctica treaty nations fears transmit diseases native seal population actually trip north pole powered signalling base camp arrived celebrate achievement plane sent men champagne april named george saved children carnival new_zealand attack pit reported charged held bay long children away killed pit posthumously awarded gold medal animal equivalent statue erected new_zealand memory marine donated george owner purple heart award received service vietnam screen literature stars chef frequently owner series unique having line merchandise including tea art prints art prints real bark won gold given bbc obituary died father son played role eddie long running sitcom eddie belonged lead character father constantly stole antics receiving fan mail character starred skip film dog skip television aired united_states real chosen dogs actor pet movie smooth coated named bear max played role friends film mask starring max played female dog film accident movie friday main characters played dog actor went appear films paul mall cop dog detective series children books authors published adventures named gang friends including lord red animal actor appearing commercials starting notably cast artist year based interest following artist consider campaign launched attempted gain dog nomination academy_award named nintendo comic strip features named earl main character comic strip clubs associations
Jack Russell Terrier