use real time computer graphics engines create cinematic production video games generate computer animation based artists called fan laborers virtue use materials offers provide archive gaming performance access look feel software hardware unavailable obsolete game studies gestures grant access gaming historical conditions possibility offers links comparative horizon informs changes fully culture practice graphics engines video games arose animated software introductions 1980s video game 1990s recordings gameplay person shooter video games software doom originally recordings documented attempts complete level quickly possible multiplayer matches addition storylines films created movies general term machine cinema arose concept spread series games software appeared mainstream media including television series advertisements advantages compared styles filmmaking relative simplicity traditional frame based animation limits control range expression real time nature favors speed cost saving flexibility higher quality pre rendered computer animation virtual acting expensive dangerous physically restricted live action filmed relying game artificial intelligence controlling characters cameras digital scenes precisely scripted manipulated post production video editing techniques editing custom software creative cinematography address technical limitations game companies provided software encouraged widespread use digital assets games resulted complex unresolved legal issues productions remain close gaming roots feature stunts portrayals gameplay popular genres include dance videos comedy drama alternatively filmmakers attempt stretch boundaries rendering engines mask original context non profit organization dedicated promoting recognizes productions awards given annual film festival general film festivals accept game companies epic games sponsored contests involving history precedent 1980s software added custom introductory credits sequences programs copy protection removed increasing computing power allowed complex formed focus shifted instead cracks goal create best demos real time software code disk storage slow graphics calculated fly pre existing game engine computer game stunt island users stage record play stunts stated game goal high score spectacle released following year software doom included ability record gameplay sequences events game engine later replay real time events video frames saved resulting game demo files small easily shared players culture recording gameplay developed stanford_university called context result player performer important feature doom allowed players create modifications maps software game expanding concept game authorship dual register gestures trained motions player determine game images expressive motion parallel video game approach media art field virtual reality artwork tunnel atlantic compared video games introduced virtual film director fully autonomous intelligent agent shoot edit real time video digging performance paris art montreal movie atlantic long followed inside paris new delhi tunnel long short excerpts presented public complex behavior tunnel virtual director makes significant precursor later application video games based doom successor offered new opportunities gameplay retaining ability record demos multiplayer games popular sport demos matches teams players clans recorded studied executive director stated type multiplayer game cinematic point documented gameplay narrative movies october known gaming clan rangers surprised community diary widely known film short second demo file contained action gore context brief story usual example gameplay shift competition theater required expertise game mechanics ranger demo emphasized transformation retaining specific gameplay references story diary inspired movies films called community game artists expert players film fans began form works distributed reviewed websites production supported dedicated demo processing software david wright non linear editor known premiere demo files notable films devil feature length movie avatar awarded seven movie introduced simulated lip featured digital assets released december software improved support user created models compatible editing software filmmakers continued create works based original included ill clan apartment quick group demo editors available particular introduced ability adjust camera locations recording called addition feature defining moment filming feasible production work feature entirely custom character models december release iii arena posed problem movie community game demo file included information needed computer networking prevent cheating warned legal action file format impractical enhance software work iii concurrently novelty movies new productions appeared frequently according community needed offset development war minute animated star trek fan film produced elite force iii variant games clips create new plot war nominated awards august screening star trek convention las_vegas time cbs paramount approved screening non parody fan film licensed convention january founder launched new website new surprised community machine cinema term intended game filming specific engine stuck referenced anime new site featured interviews articles exclusive release god film god distributed recorded video frames game specific instructions change initially controversial producers preferred smaller size demo files demo files required copy game view accessible traditional video format god viewership work distributed cds bundled magazines decision protect code inadvertently caused creators use general solutions widen audience years films exclusively distributed common video file formats began receive mainstream notice roger_ebert discussed june article praised setting alternative media festival film won best experimental best awards steven_spielberg test special effects working film interest spread game developers july epic games announced upcoming game tournament include production software utility involvement increased filmmakers released fewer new productions focus quality march game developers conference makers founded non profit organization dedicated promoting august new organization held film festival received mainstream media coverage movie won awards including year waiting line directed animated utilizing tools music video air mtv graphics technology improved filmmakers video games consumer grade video editing software game halo created popular comedy series red blue series second season premiered mainstream appearances appeared television starting series portal bbc series players enacted historic battles real time game rome total war video creates music videos characters video games tribes helped set love winning episode comedy series south_park massively multiplayer online role playing game world purchasing broadcast rights documentary search creator september hbo television network buy work created completely virtual world december signed experienced television comedy writers including produce episodes site commercial use increased sells dvds red blue series sponsorship helped promote game series cars sponsored creation advertisement game film combine live action later commissioned promote nfl video game uses software produce pre school educational dvd series jack holly game developers continued increase support products business simulation game virtual world second life person shooter halo encourage creation user content including software tools movies french resident previous filmmaking experience took days create french democracy short political film civil unrest france party like usually offer ability manipulate characters advantage custom migrated content allowing creation works like kids filmed multiple games interview magazine ceo founder said wanted half life feature film hand big director like recent team fortress meet team shorts experiments years later valve released non linear software music video clips second life virtual artist created work australian performer song clean life released production comparison film techniques defines animated filmmaking real time virtual environment animation methods creators control frame characters turn consider issues key frames creators leave rendering details host environments inherit environments limitations second life film maker provided detailed account process artists produce videos organizing photo shoot similar organizing film production find actors models scout locations find clothes props models type shooting script organized time takes shoot scene game animations focus dramatic casual actions range character emotions limited small range emotions sufficient successful japanese anime television series difference created real time animation pre rendered real time engines need trade quality speed use simpler models animated film final fantasy spirits strand hair character head independent real time needs likely force treated single unit improvement consumer grade graphics technology allow realism similarly connects increasing computing power predicted moore law cut scenes video games issues visual fidelity arise pre rendered scenes require digital storage space weaken suspension disbelief contrast real time animation normal gameplay limit interaction like live action recorded real time real people act control camera filmmakers encouraged follow traditional cinematic conventions avoiding wide fields view slow motion errors visual continuity unlike live action involves expensive digital special effects sets possibly science fiction historical theme explosions stunts tried repeated monetary cost risk injury host environment allow unrealistic physical constraints university_of_cambridge experiments attempted use create scene live action film filming differed traditional cinematography character expression limited camera movements flexible improvised compared experiment unpredictable production berkeley sees strangely hybrid form looking forwards backwards cutting edge conservative time digital medium based computer games works linear narrative structure red blue follow narrative conventions television comedy agrees pre recorded reel tends linear offers limited interactive storytelling sees opportunities performed live audience interaction creating comedy series talk ill blended real virtual performance creating works stage interacting live audience combination real virtual worlds talk life takes place halo open multiplayer environment playing earnest attack host virtual theatrical performances taken place chat rooms multi user dungeons adds cinematic camera work previously virtual cinematic performances live audience interaction confined research equipped powerful computers expensive forms filmmaking produced feature length film spent produce live action independent film contrast xbox game consoles red blue cost low cost caused product manager compare low budget independent film need cameras actors seen low barriers entry called filmmaking berkeley weighs increased participation blurred line producer consumer concerns game limit growth comparatively pre virtual platforms like second life indicated productions successfully cost creators like dutch director producer hour film sector created upwards films platform harvey advocacy genre resulted involvement film director served category gave speech event character camera control lloyd list main methods creating simple advanced relying game control actions digital precise scripting actions simple produce dependent results unpredictable realization film script example produced game encourages use group create multiple instances character accommodate different moods individual instances selected different times produce appropriate actions digital creators virtual actors crew member controls character real time multiplayer game director use built camera controls available video captured perspectives serve camera operators allows improvisation offers controls familiar gamers requires personnel methods precise scripted recordings games halo series halo allow custom objects characters allow filming according possibility disruption filming open multi user environment play game earnest set blood dead bodies intentionally hosts unpredictable conditions fundamental works filmed comedy series teeth productions red blue builds actions recorded game engine demo file format directly video frames scenes artists manipulate demo files add cameras timing lighting change surroundings technique limited engines software tools support technique common cut scenes video games scripting consists giving precise directions game engine filmmaker work way creating nearly hour seal longest work time scripts time consuming editing available vampire redemption changes need verified additional runs non linear editing difficult respect lloyd compare scripting stop motion animation disadvantage depending game scripting capabilities limited unavailable software tool included tournament popularized scripting limitations solutions diary created software tools existed edit demo files films rangers clan member wrote programs camera footage demo file movie editing software later appeared use conventional non linear video editing software common example inserted single completely white frames work licence enhance visual impact explosions post production red blue teeth productions added premiere pro hide camera player head display creators different methods handle limited character expression typical ways amateur style gets limitations expression include taking advantage speech bubbles seen players heads speaking relying visual matching character voice appearance finding methods available game source filmmaker include ability manipulate characters objects real time relies community advantage certain engine features renders scenes non real time effects halo video game series helmets completely cover characters faces prevent confusion characters slightly speaking convention shared anime creators use custom software example uses face skins add facial expressions characters filmed role playing video game similarly library faces characters battle cases game companies provide software examples include epic games tournament source games solution blend non elements painted characters expressive faces film possible point camera employ creative cinematography acting example combined creative character camera positioning video editing suggest sexual actions controversial film love story legal issues new filmmakers want use game provided digital assets raises legal issues derivative works films violate copyright controlled assets copyright holder arrangement complicated separate publishing licensing rights software license agreement movies game publisher owns content game movies supplied program available game companies provide software modify games makers cite fair use defense issue tested court potential problem defense works red blue focus satire explicitly protected fair use parody berkeley adds artists use assets works ruled derivative filmed engine risk inherent fair use defense cause artists simply yield cease order attempted negotiate solutions video game companies arguing open source reasonably priced alternative emerge unfavorable situation unlike movies dedicated software programs licenses avoid claiming ownership users films featuring bundled assets generally companies want retain creative control intellectual properties wary fan created works like fan fiction provides free marketing avoided response demanding strict copyright enforcement praised changing license terms allow users retain ownership works created virtual world second life initially tried release red blue unnoticed halo owners feared communication force end project microsoft parent company time contacted group shortly episode allowed continue paying licensing fees case developer control asserted involved action love story community managers encouraged users post game movies viewers complained pope suggestion sexual actions creative camera character positioning pornographic citing user license agreement closed discussion threads film prohibited links pope accepted right control remained concerned censorship material existed game form discussion ensued boundaries player developer control asserted controversy demonstrated medium negotiation players microsoft august microsoft issued license intended address legal status based games including halo series microsoft intended rules flexible license legally unable reduce rights artists protested extending microsoft fictional common component fan fiction selling sites hosting derivative works reaction license statement things expect hear microsoft lawyers tell stop distributing items right away surprised negative feedback microsoft revised reissued license discussion attorney rules allow use distribution works derived microsoft owned game content audio effects soundtracks license prohibits reverse engineering material pornographic distribution derivative works elaborate game fictional universe story automatically licensed microsoft business partners prevents legal problems fan microsoft independently conceive similar plots weeks later posted letter world license use game content differs microsoft declaration addresses specifically instead general game derived content allows use game audio legally license requires derivative material meet teen content rating defines use differently address extensions fictional states benefits limited licenses reduce reliance fair use turn recognition reduce film festivals concerns copyright clearance earlier analogous situation festivals concerned documentary films best practices developed according microsoft helped licenses fan creations provide free publicity unlikely harm sales companies instead sued copyright infringement defendants claimed implied license long time licenses secured legal rights companies encouraged avoided licensing involved legal complexity prefer enforce believes legal uncertainty solution limited microsoft licenses ideal video gaming industry standard handling derivative works mode cause legal dispute copyright ownership illegal use makes heavy use raises question authorship takes property characters game engine tell story common practice making existing story different medium engine appropriation established texts resources artistic properties tell story statement example phenomenon known common term phenomenon parody productions intended humor satire demonstrated video furthermore argument protected guise parody satire highly debated piece reliant protected property necessarily making statement property accurate refer simply takes artistic work presents new way form medium manifested number ways maker considered author story world chosen game engine built popular web series red blue storyline takes place game engine halo subsequent sequels halo extensive storyline red blue makes mention storyline episode episodes broadcast internet real similarities drawn red blue game world takes place character models props vehicles settings team created extensive storyline game resources ability appropriate game engine film video demonstrates obvious example art product creation manipulation creation art historian likened art manipulation vocabulary demonstrated creation game world create story author influenced engine example video games built concept war significant portion films place war like environments demonstrated appropriation content artistic techniques definition form new form digital employs age old techniques traditional form filmmaking employ filmmaking techniques camera angles proper lighting takes place online environments participants actors working thousands miles apart means techniques born long distance communication employed techniques practices normally conjunction creation artistic work end creation way demonstrates tendency frequent references texts works media like ads humorous cartoons simpsons example series freeman mind created filmed taking recording scott playing game half life player normally combining recorded scott emulate inner monologue normally protagonist scott portrays freeman character makes frequent references works texts including science fiction horror films action movies american history renowned novels references works outside game triggered events game prime examples densely nature common genres describe methods approaching starting video game seeking medium expression documenting gameplay inside starting outside game merely animation tool outside works retain noticeable connections games closer traditional animation belonging category gameplay stunt began quick creators external software manipulate camera positions recording according elevated making movies stunt remains popular halo stunt videos offer new way look game compare battlefield creators built features video editing post recording camera positioning halo expected facilitate gameplay based virtual worlds captured documentary films miss beauty took place virtual world footage distributed cover disc august issue gamer search creator documents title character interactions second life gaming related comedy offers possible entry point new producers presented minute sketches comedies analogous internet flash animations work built earliest movies introducing narrative conventions linear media sketch comedy reminiscent television saturday night live based developed genre works including red blue chronicles futile civil war seasons episodes wrote series humor rooted video games strong writing characters caused series typical gamer example comedy film targets general audience produced bbc music videos documented example rebel collaboration modification provided shaded animation following year directed waiting line british group zero told probably quicker film animated program reuse assets way scenes game postal seen music video black eyed single love television mtv features video game characters video world players dance music videos popular dancing animations discovered game use drama works retain signs video game tournament science fiction battlefield war artists chosen game setting completely work nightfall horror film based work later example series computer game based television series vampire slayer genre consists experimental works attempt push boundaries game engines example anna short film focuses cycle life reminiscent productions farther completely appearance tournament journey deliberately appear hand drawn dead fake science resembles dimensional eastern european modernist animation 1970s derivative genre termed seeks add documentary additional realism piece style displaying video low resolution black white hand held video camera produce camera effect element longer takes sweeping camera transitions jump cuts included complete effect political statements left wing perspectives civil unrest france french democracy attained mainstream attention inspired commentaries american british society deemed unfair war criticism iraq war similar attempt speak political pseudo documentary style virginia tech massacre controversial based enactment explanation eponymous real life events recently war internet addiction addressed internet censorship china competitions dedicated awards created film festival annual festival important creators founder marketing company helped organize festival asia chapter supported festival held europe addition smaller ceremonies worked add award general festival general festivals allow include film festival florida film festival opened category citing need certain level excellence declined award category entries year showcased contests sponsored game companies epic games popular contest included impressed event organizer quality entries push technology accomplish things epic envisioned december gaming focused instant service jointly sponsored world contest
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