hebrew lit ruin known ruin pious historic located jewish quarter founded early 18th century followers destroyed muslims years later plot lay ruins years known ruin rebuilt officially named retained jerusalem main deliberately destroyed withdrawal israeli forces arab israeli war israel captured jordan number plans submitted design new building years commemorative arch erected instead site prominent landmark plan rebuild 19th century style received approval newly rebuilt dedicated march early history today stands plaza centre jerusalem excavations carried site july august revealed evidence main settlement periods temple bce second temple byzantine ottoman bedrock ritual uncovered dating 1st century earliest tradition site existing time second century sage prince 13th century area courtyard known community jerusalem ben described large courtyard containing houses exclusive use adjacent built pillars referring jointly ottoman authorities confiscated building established adjacent courtyard aftermath winter group led arrived europe intent advancing arrival settling jerusalem leading lives days arrival city died leader hopes dissipated community began remained managed build dwellings small soon construct larger task proved expensive found having bribe ottoman authorities order enable proceed building project unexpected costs relating construction financial hardships burden taxes drained funds impoverished forced loans local arabs eventually falling severe debt pressure threats creditors led sent abroad funds loans late debts outstanding arab lost patience set contents leaders community imprisoned shortly banished city course time shops built courtyard left pile rubble known ruin efforts group jews known immigrated palestine lithuania disciples settled city north wished settle jerusalem reclaim worried descendants arab creditors held old notes relating century old debts incurred followers new group immigrants possibly inherit responsibility descendants group presented problem apparently objected effort control ruin claiming belonged ancestors claimed closer ties original owners rights parcel land greater late leader arrived jerusalem group followers directed main efforts rebuilding expulsion jerusalem intended demonstrate establishment presence city rebuilding jerusalem ruins symbolic significance repairing earlier destruction represent step rebuilding entire city arrival pleaded powers city constantinople obtain royal decree arabs residing jerusalem permitted enforce debts came year later leaders group including travelled constantinople obtain imperial decree years later efforts realised century old debts cancelled group acquired legal document entire site acquired area included dilapidated dwellings shops built creditors heirs site secure permit construction site including building large successive missions obtain sultan court failed awaiting imperial permission build courtyard wished rely old given jews stated objection building quarters having received supporting document issued march possible begin rebuilding dwellings courtyard practice construction unable exercise authority plot land apparently confrontation arab local government disregard documents proving ownership courtyard following disruption group experiencing travelled europe hoped secure necessary place courtyard firmly possession raise funds cover costs incurred trying courtyard mission unsuccessful later mission attempted lithuanian born egypt gives building consent annexation jerusalem egypt new opportunity arose petitioned rebuilding concerns longstanding muslim tradition pact restricted repair construction non muslim houses worship meant permission forthcoming months earthquake prohibition relaxed allowed carry repair works existing consent gave rise efforts receive rebuild theirs june traveling egypt backing austrian russian alexandria obtained long awaited successful gaining support austrian consul baron vienna hopeful giving permission rebuild ruin inclined forge financial political ties turn secure political support austria france fact involvement ruse soon received contacted amsterdam requesting funds brother pledged building palestine applied ruin doubts exactly permitted explicit construction large absent letter leaders amsterdam community moses confirms permission sanctioned allowed build dwellings area spite doubts highlighted relation construction possession ambiguous began clearing away rubble ruin courtyard september foundations original revealed discovered old documents dating signed israel ben moses debate decided rebuild ruin initially erect small structure edge compound arab creditors refused relinquish claims jews continued interfere works claiming currently jerusalem related way borrowed money turn 18th century forced appear court requesting ruling debts mentioned injunction passed debt maintained cancelled debts followers court ruled favour arab annual bribes order allow building continue point arrangement ceased struck head sword died wounds months later january dedicated modest northwestern corner courtyard second smaller built compound actual plot stood years earlier remained ruins rebuilding ruin early 1850s felt ready attempt building larger original site outcome war willingness use increased influence constantinople intervene behalf jewish subjects resided jerusalem july british jerusalem wrote british ambassador constantinople describing wishes strong community build new noted funds construction collected moses years earlier enclosed year old authorised jews rebuild ruined title plot land held family british subjects designated london born son chief great_britain negotiate transfer british agreed lend contract order avoid possible intrusion turks issue question building site constituted repair old house non muslim worship establishment new turks grant special license received efforts 1st british ambassadors secured necessary july constantinople handed hand delivered fourth visit jerusalem permission granted groundbreaking ceremony took place day april cornerstone laid presence chief jerusalem instrumental raising necessary funding making trip europe obtaining large donations especially stones construction building purchased poor jews assisted shaping blocks inspected site receiving complaints muslims suspected opening windows mosque originally possession sum hoped pay planned expenses increased construction work progressed slowly lack funds impoverished community soon found having arrange collections notable set egypt returned having visited india java australia new_zealand ceylon largest single gift came wealthy baghdad gave million needed sons later supplemented donation combined donations family eventually covered half cost marked important step unity communities city contributor prussia inscribed entrance gave permission funds collected jewish subjects western_europe sought donations slogan merit eternal life stone new funds arriving work progress ceiling completed head community honored placing final stone dome years later new dedicated present baron years earlier given honour laying stone officially named house jacob memory son dedicated life supporting jews palestine locals continued refer building token gratitude british government involvement invited dedication ceremony included thanksgiving service described beautiful chants anthems hebrew subsequent provided playing russian austrian music structure designed constructed supervision sultan official architect built byzantine revival style supported massive corner large dome construction towers completed missing upper level small dome capped facade covered finely stone incorporated high window arches height dome dome windows placed base dome surrounded offered fine view large parts area jerusalem tallest structures visible miles interior prayer hall reached entrance iron gates length width women section galleries sides chapel eastern access galleries towers situated corners building capacity house built levels flanked columns surrounded baroque depicting flowers birds ornamental gates taken russia russian jewish forced spend years directly triangular window rounded points right podium designed miniature version level centre originally contained high wooden later replaced flat platform covered expensive marble plates numerous crystal hung dome dome painted sky blue golden stars religious motifs stars david mount adorned wall corners drawings animals accordance statement strong leopard swift eagle fleet deer brave lion father heaven generous donations came tailor saint_petersburg diary levy sent jerusalem collect funds set details money intended items bought money big bronze silver arrived 1st precisely time light candles iron door holy safe keeping funds building wrought iron fence roof upper windows stand pilgrimage temple partition golden years onwards considered beautiful important described glory striking palestine housed largest jerusalem focal point jewish spiritual life city site installation chief palestine jerusalem visit jerusalem moses went placing silver visited crowd jews turned greet february memorial service queen_victoria took place inside gratitude protection afforded jews jerusalem britain service presided chief according report large building filled capacity policemen crowds sought admission force wrote presented pleasant appearance illuminated artistic lamps presented certain philadelphia appointed chief palestine hosted 1st samuel honoured reciting portion bar held 1930s possibly earlier housed students form received education destruction arab israeli war battle commander major wrote warn abandoned positions adjoining courtyard forced attack commander ignored request knowing fell battle soon lost delivered ultimatum jews surrender hours bombarded tell receiving answer proposition told men noon executed mission placing barrel filled explosives wall explosion resulted hole fighters spent minutes fighting vain prevent entering finally burst tried reach dome plant arab flag shot fourth succeeded arab flag flying skyline signaled legion triumph took quarter sacred building blew reason huge explosion reduced year old attached rubble building deliberately mined arabs captured area major jewish purposely systematically destroyed soon occupation plans sought new design following day war plans designs sought new built site overall rehabilitation religious political figures supported proposal rebuild original line traditional religious character area charge restoration strongly opposed israeli planners architects involved developing area wanted building reflect modern western identity additionally possible rebuild architects felt sufficiently qualified traditional masonry technology attempt original carved stones surviving decorative elements removed making true reconstruction creativity contemporary architecture contrary 19th century design meant blend oriental landscape supported modern redesign prominent architect plans leading campaign rebuild great great grandson consulted turn recommended world renowned architect founding member previously designed philadelphia remained presented plans reconstruction ruins incorporated memorial garden new structure adjacent lot leading proposed structure structure monumental jerusalem stone huge central pillars reinforced concrete function container pillars content following tradition elements architecture conceived hollow creating spaces structures outer structure composed piers covered golden jerusalem stone cut blocks proportions course finish bases corners story high structure piers small meditation individual prayer daily prayer services allowing larger crowds festivals boston based architect built extensively jerusalem trained philadelphia favour rebuilding contemporary design absurd reconstruct happened desire rebuild let courage great architect mayor jerusalem learned plans design scale comparable dome rock mayor stated jewish quarter building major importance competes mosque holy general building compete importance concerned impact monumental temple model displayed plan shelved died later referred proposal greatest commemorative arch subsequent proposals arch interpretation permanent solution agreed temporary symbolic solution created stone arches originally supported monumental dome recreated height original building including dome greater new commemorative arch stood high remains building explanatory plaques stark reminder stood site ongoing disputes modern façade proposed new building felt properly match jewish quarter aesthetic englishman named took initiative fund new design projects commissioned drew plans closely adhered original plans considered insufficient rejected prime minister minister interior refused sign papers enabling construction begin progress wished completed lifetime died daughter provided funds create open spaces jewish quarter adjacent featured israeli postage stamp commemorate years israeli independence arch postage stamp supposedly temporary arch thirty years old solution nearly perpetual condition publicly noted interpreted far american dream israeli reality provided substitute single reconstructed arch lonely architectural sign standing memorial nineteenth century ruins problematic ruined suggested single reconstructed arch longer understood satisfactory expression commitment rebuild lost acceptable official response intentional destruction reconstruction plan rebuild original 19th century style received approval israeli government jerusalem architect proposed rebuilding original ottoman format given commission stated respect historical memory jewish people respect built area fitting restore lost glory rebuild way state funded leadership convinced israeli government million cost reconstruction private donors contributing remainder end government gave remainder donated ukrainian jewish businessman philanthropist israeli mint issued set medals featuring mark beginning reconstruction project following comprehensive historic research reconstruction works began february appointed confirmed leading including april celebration marked placing dome recently contention arose kind institution nationalist religious activists opposed notion wanted site museum presenting historical saga displaying archaeological finds unearthed viewed appointment structure shell aimed preventing modern orthodox broader site getting position jewish quarter clear wants building serve house study response reconstructed officially opened march presence israeli politicians chief day earlier hundreds people accompanied new palestinian leaders claimed signaled israel intent destroy muslim holy places replace temple official called renovation warned israel playing fire called converge save described opening declaration war called history jerusalem religious historic monuments fearing riots arab policemen deployed ahead dedication ceremony said reopening dragging region religious war claimed building historically islamic trust land government condemned stating rejects israeli measures occupied run counter international legitimacy iran urged international community respond reopening spokesman called distressed islamic world israeli officials countered arab fears takeover based rumors israeli prime minister extended message criticised tensions historic day arabs clashed israeli police palestinian groups called day rage reopening september released propaganda video showing israeli landmarks including coming missile attack images result special effects attacks taken place cultural depictions emblem jerusalem jewish heritage portrayed years numerous paintings referred literature culture portrayed example works artists works holocaust survivor artist decades arch emblem jewish quarter works artists portraying old city computer graphic project mit early 1990s developed terms animation november gallery books newspapers magazines media
Hurva Synagogue