castle castle medieval castle village county durham england built perimeter roman fort early timber castle site replaced substantial stone structure orders henry_ii planned village built alongside castle castle scottish attack great revolt successfully looted rebels castle went decline largely dismantled english civil war ruins owned english_heritage run tourist attraction history 12th century castle built ruins roman fort route passes link england scotland remained strategically important medieval period castle site lay honour richmond grouping lands traditionally owned early medieval period land estate owned crown built timber castle north west corner old fort use older roman fortification similar nearby castles castle inherited son conan turn died claimed henry_ii royal concerns security led henry_ii investing heavily new castle structure site unusual new royal castle built england 12th century henry appears driven military threat scotland great revolt henry_ii spent castle years rebuilding older structure supervision local tenants stephen rebuilt castle featured hall uncommon design english castles built stone structure feet long feet wide feet high internally divided form long hall solar lit large rounded windows architectural similarities nearby castles region particular ditch formed inner defensive bailey old fort forming larger outer bailey mill essential castle built river supply flour garrison village built castle formed planned site running castle complete church market place form planned village unusual england england great revolt henry rule involved coalition rebel barons bolstered support european allies william lion pushed south scotland castle damaged raids work carried anticipation attacks following year including repairs chamber gates construction year william scotland directly besieged castle forced retreat arrival relief force led henry illegitimate son 13th 14th centuries henry_ii successful great revolt peace treaty agreed extending henry authority north scotland subsequent years security situation north england improved significantly king john gave control castle robert important administrator north retained control fortification john stayed castle briefly hold john niece eleanor brittany placed custody granted briefly given duke peter brittany count earl richmond given king castle remained hands poor state repair gave castle john instead local tenants earl richmond rebelled attacked castle lord castle away time attackers burnt hall drank wine stole armour goods conflict scotland led raids castle surrounding manor neighbouring fields abandoned result castle ruins manor worth later history ruined castle reclaimed crown controlled family powerful regional landowners crown james sold castle early 17th century remaining fortifications dismantled century english civil war castle poor condition little interest shown locals owner facing death duties estate agreed pass castle care 21st century castle controlled english_heritage operated tourist attraction ruins survive largely intact protected grade listed building scheduled monument
Bowes Castle