speech generating device speech generating devices known voice output communication aids electronic alternative communication systems supplement replace speech writing individuals severe speech enabling verbally communicate needs important people limited means interacting verbally allow individuals active participants communication interactions particularly helpful patients suffering recently children predicted speech deficiencies input display methods users varying abilities use multiple pages symbols accommodate large number portion symbols available visible time navigating pages speech generating devices produce electronic voice output recordings natural speech speech synthesis carry emotional information permit user speak novel messages content organization vocabulary influenced number factors user needs contexts device development techniques improve available vocabulary rate speech production active research area vocabulary items high interest user frequently applicable range meanings pragmatic functionality multiple methods messages devices directly indirectly specialized access devices specific access method depend skills abilities user output typically slower speech rate strategies increase user rate output resulting enhanced efficiency communication known mid-1970s rapid progress hardware software development meant capabilities integrated devices like notable users include roger_ebert founder ice bucket challenge speech generating systems dedicated devices developed solely non dedicated devices computers running additional software allow function devices speech generating device history roots early electronic communication aids aid controller named patient operated mechanism united_kingdom set symbols illuminated display researchers netherlands created operated lot use small movements head point small spot light matrix characters equipped cell commercially unsuccessful lot received users 1970s early 1980s companies began emerge prominent manufacturers founded losing speech following known grew student project created help young woman cerebral communicate beginning 1980s improvements technology led greatly increased number variety performance commercially available communication devices reduction size price alternative methods access known eye pointing movement user eyes direct produce desired speech phase scanning alternatives presented user available communication devices speech output possibilities included synthesized speech rapid progress hardware software development continued including projects funded commercially available dynamic screen speech generating devices developed 1990s software programs developed allowed computer based production communication boards high tech devices continued smaller lighter increasing accessibility capability communication devices accessed eye tracking systems perform computer word processing internet use environmental control device independent access equipment radio notable individuals devices include pete unable speak combination severe disabilities caused emergency come associated unique voice particular synthesis equipment past years gained popularity young children speech deficiencies syndrome predicted brain damage surgery starting early 2000s specialist saw benefit adults children found effective helping children risk temporary language undergoing brain surgery patients particular communication aids patients recovery process access methods methods messages devices directly indirectly specialized access devices direct access methods involve physical contact system keyboard touch screen users indirectly specialized devices manipulate object order access system maneuvering head mouse optical head light infrared switch access specific access method depend skills abilities user direct selection body adapted mouse eye tracking switch access scanning indirect selection unlike direct selection keyboard touching screen users target scanning selections scanning indicator electronic device desired choice unable point typically eyes use eye gaze way point blocking way select desired words phrases speed pattern scanning way items selected physical visual capabilities user message construction alternative communication typically slower speech users generally producing words minute rate strategies increase user rate output words minute result enhance efficiency communication given large number vocal expressions facilitate efficient effective communication including expressing desires asking questions multiple pages symbols accommodate large number vocal expressions portion symbols available visible time navigating pages speech generating devices generally display set selections changing screen fixed display main options increasing rate communication prediction permits user produce word sentence phrase iconic strategies combine sequences icons picture symbols produce words phrases alpha letter known words sentences coded sequences letters numbers example retrieve hello prediction rate strategy attempts reduce number predicting word phrase written user user select correct prediction needing write entire word word prediction software determine choices offered based frequency language association words past choices user users shown produce words minute scanning interface static keyboard layout grid layout suggesting overhead reviewing new arrangement benefits layout scanning interface systems interact voice device combine prediction system example help find prediction capabilities help user complete sentence help find glasses help find car keys approach rate uses language models present alternative letter targets screen size relative likelihood given history rate words produced depend greatly conceptual level system talk system allows users choose large numbers sentence level demonstrated output rates excess fixed dynamic display devices fixed display devices fixed display devices refer symbols items fixed particular format sources refer static displays display devices simpler learning curve devices fixed display devices replicate typical arrangement low tech devices low tech defined devices need batteries electricity electronics like communication boards share example typically restricted limited number symbols messages important note technological advances century fixed display commonly anymore dynamic display devices dynamic displays devices usually devices design words devices commonly typically generate produced visual symbols pressed change set selections displayed user change symbols available page links navigate appropriate pages vocabulary messages home page dynamic display device symbols related different contexts topics pressing symbols open different screen messages related topic example watching game user press sport symbol open page messages relating sport press symbol showing utter phrase score advantages dynamic display devices include availability larger vocabulary ability sentence construction advantage dynamic display devices underlying operating system capable providing options multiple communication channels including cell phone text mail work shown email writing practices allowed children users develop new social skills increase social participation output output synthesized systems play directly recorded words phrases synthesized speech uses text speech software carry emotional information permits user speak novel messages new words today individuals use combination recorded messages text speech techniques devices limited type output speech words phrases entire messages stored device activated user process formally known advantages recorded speech include provides natural speech listener person age gender user selected record messages provides additional sounds important user laughing provide degree patient families lose ability speak major disadvantage recorded speech users unable produce novel messages limited messages pre recorded device depending device limit length recordings synthesized speech use synthesized speech apply rules language translate user message voice output speech synthesis users freedom create novel words messages limited pre recorded device computers increased use synthesized speech devices creation allow user select list phrases messages spoken voice language user chosen iphone provide cheap way use speech generating device having visit doctor office learn use specialized machinery synthesized allow multiple methods message creation individually combination messages created letters words phrases sentences pictures symbols synthesized speech virtually unlimited storage capacity messages demands memory space synthesized speech engines available languages engine parameters speech rate pitch range gender stress patterns pronunciation exceptions manipulated user selection set vocabulary selection set set messages symbols codes available person device content organisation selection set areas active research influenced number factors including user ability interests age selection set system include words user know included user grow content installed given include large number pages provided manufacturer number additional pages produced user user care team depending user needs contexts device initial content selection researchers list number possible sources family members friends teachers care staff selection initial content range sources required general individual knowledge experience generate vocal expressions needed given environment example parents think add slang terms previous work analyzed vocabulary use typically developing speakers word use users generate content new devices processes work generating core set vocal expressions effective situations particular vocabulary needed example terms related directly user interest horse riding term fringe vocabulary refers vocabulary specific unique individual personal interests needs typical technique develop fringe vocabulary device conduct interviews multiple siblings parents teachers workers involved persons researchers suggest initial vocabulary items high interest user frequently applicable range meanings pragmatic functionality criteria widely field ecological check content automatic content maintenance emphasize vocabulary selection involves ongoing vocabulary maintenance difficulty users program new manually names new friends personal stories existing commercial solutions automatically adding content number research approaches attempted overcome difficulty range input generating content based log conversation user friends family data mined internet find language materials making use based approaches device content changed based events occur user day user data high quality messages generated risk exposing sensitive user data example making use global positioning systems device content changed based geographical location ethical concerns recently developed include performance measurement analysis tools help monitor content individual raises concerns privacy argue device user involved decision monitor use way similar concerns raised proposals devices automatic content generation privacy increasingly factor design devices designed areas user life sensitive legal social technical issues centred wide family personal data management problems found contexts use example designed support user right logs conversations content added automatically challenges devices usually communication specialists specialists required cater needs patients patients usually choose kinds words phrases want example patients use different phrases based age disability interests etc content organization extremely time consuming additionally rarely covered health insurance companies result resources limited regards funding boston children hospital driving force donations program running staffed hospital hospitals country producers relatively producers companies produce software existing devices functionality home built systems producers dedicated devices include technologies company corporation talk technologies design words companies produce software allow devices like iphone nintendo function
Speech-generating device