written bee member bee genus family brood parasitic classified subgenus genus usually treated members genus extant group tribe extinct related genera known fossils species known found primarily higher altitudes latitudes found south_america lowland tropical species identified european introduced new_zealand tasmania social insects form colonies single queen colonies smaller growing individuals nest female sting repeatedly generally ignore humans animals nests queens aggressively invade nests species kill resident queens lay eggs cared resident workers round bodies covered soft hair long branched called pile making appear feel warning coloration consisting contrasting bands colour different species region resemble mutually protective harmless insects derive protection resembling confused nest making distinguished similarly large bees form female hind leg nesting modified form basket bare shiny area surrounded fringe hairs transport bees hind leg round grains hairs transport like relatives feed long lap liquid folded head flight gather add stores nest feed young forage colour spatial relationships identify flowers feed rob making hole near base flower access avoiding transfer important agricultural decline europe north_america asia cause concern decline caused habitat loss agriculture etymology common names word compound bee meaning buzz generic assigned derived latin word sound according oxford english dictionary term recorded having english language work bee states term having angle term night dream circa william_shakespeare bags humble bees old provincial denoted insect probably imitating sound insects meant beetle speculated humble bees interactions species reason believe humble bees viola bees visit flower experiments tried found visits bees highly beneficial humble bees visit common red bees reach remained use example tale suddenly round corner met said bee world war fallen near total phylogeny tribe groups bees bees bees bees group advanced behaviour appears evolved twice group giving rise controversy largely settled phylogenetic origins tribes supposed behaviour evolved requiring close resemble thought advanced societies closely related close somewhat advanced behaviour comment remarkable hypothesis dual origins advanced early studies morphology social behavior analysis combining molecular morphological data gives following hypothesis molecular data suggest million years old clade includes million years old age group fossil record bees incomplete specimens possibly poorly documented described turkey dated fossil found rocks southwestern germany placed subgenus new described late beds spain described late taxonomy genus extant tribe comprises species overview differences bees characteristics common bees genus divided variously degree complexity criticised williams treated separate genus considered williams identifies seen fewer number morphology roughly correspond ecological examples species include general description varied appearance generally densely compared larger bodied species broad bands colour patterns helping distinguish different species short mainly open flowers species long collect flowers closed tube compared broader body rounded tip abdomen fewer stripes usually body covered black fur stripes including grey stripes abdomen sizes variable species largest british species queens long males long workers long largest species world chile long described flying mice monstrous beast distribution habitat typically found temperate climates found higher latitudes altitudes bees lowland tropical species exist species range cold climates bees found occurs northern high arctic nest northernmost occurrence insect reason presence cold places regulate body temperature solar radiation internal mechanisms cooling abdomen called bees similar physiology mechanisms best developed studied adapt higher elevations extending wing stroke largely cosmopolitan distribution absent australia apart tasmania introduced found africa north biology feeding tongue long structure extends like modified primary action tongue repeated tongue liquid tip tongue probably acts cup drawn action rest flying kept folded head longer tongue deeper probe flower bees probably learn experience flower source best suited tongue length bees shorter like difficult time foraging relative longer overcome disadvantage workers observed spurs resulted small reward wax production abdomen divided plates called dorsal ventral wax abdomen resembles queen starts nest young workers abdomen legs construction cover eggs line use storage containers cover exterior nest coloration brightly coloured pile warning signal given females inflict painful sting depending species warning colours range entirely black bright yellow red orange white pink flies families flies flies bee flies include resembling closely predators species including group called evolved different region resemble young predator need learn avoid example california group consists largely black species including bees california include group species banded black yellow case provides bees group selective advantage addition parasitic resemble hosts closely expected chance areas like europe parasite host common explained requiring parasite coloration host aggressive temperature control active conditions stay home readily absorb heat weak sunshine thick pile created long acts warm cold weather species cold climates longer thicker tropics temperature flight muscles occupy needs flight place muscle temperature raised takes minutes muscles reach temperature air temperature coma temperature coma temperature relation flying insects temperature flight muscles activated compared honey bees carpenter bees lowest coma temperature lowest seen fly colder ambient temperatures likely coma temperature determined tests laboratory setting live shelters warm cold communication ears known hear sensitive vibrations sound travelling wood materials exhibit bee dances tell workers locations food sources instead return successful foraging expedition run nest minutes going forage bees offering form communication based sounds wings stimulate bees start foraging foraging activity level food reserves colony bees monitor honey little left high quality food added likely forage reproduction nesting form colonies roughly individuals small compared hold bees species nest underground choosing old sheltered places avoiding places receive direct sunlight result species nests ground thick grass holes trees nest organised like cells instead workers remove dead bees larvae nest deposit outside nest entrance helping prevent disease nests temperate regions single season survive winter early spring queen comes finds suitable place create colony builds wax cells lay eggs previous year eggs hatch develop female workers time queen colony workers feeding young performing duties similar workers temperate zones young queens leave nest autumn mate males forcibly driven colony workers die weather turns colder young queens feed build stores fat winter survive resting state generally ground weather spring early species emerge species follow general trend year species follows type colony cycle species cycle begins february reproduction starts july august ends winter months queen remains spring following year order conditions search nest queens active queen starts lay egg passes chamber called sperm mating stored depending need allow egg eggs males eggs grow females queens stimulate development suppressed female worker bees queen remains dominant develop larvae fed protein feed larvae small hole brood cell larvae fed ways depending species pocket making create pockets base brood cell larvae feed separate wax feed larvae emergence second group offspring workers task foraging queen spends time laying eggs caring larvae colony grows progressively larger eventually begins produce males new queens unlike workers advanced social insects workers fertile lay eggs single set develop viable male queens lay eggs set queen mature workers new queens young colony queen reproductive competition workers suppressing egg laying physical aggression worker leads nearly eggs laid workers eaten queen usually mother males laid workers eventually begin lay male eggs later season queen ability suppress reproduction reproductive competition workers queen considered large majority follow colony cycles involve queen select species spend life cycle phase multiple queens nest periods foraging behaviour generally visit flowers exhibit bee syndrome patches flowers colony tend visit patches flowers day long continue find habit known flower foraging reach ground speeds metres second use combination colour spatial relationships learn flowers forage detect presence pattern electric fields flowers occur atmospheric electricity leak away ground use information find flower recently visited bee arriving flower extract long store crops species exhibit instead flower normal way bees bite directly base extract avoiding transfer removed flowers deliberately incidentally incidental removal occurs come contact flower collecting enters flower body hairs receive queens workers hind legs seen masses contain million grains male collect capable buzz creating vibration flight muscles species visited flower leaves scent mark scent mark visiting flower scent scent mark general chemical leave different locations nest neutral food sites learn use identify rewarding flowers rely chemical flower high handling time takes longer time bee find inside flower collected female workers return nest deposit harvest brood cells wax cells storage unlike store days worth food vulnerable food shortages male collect feed visit different flowers workers different needs flight muscles bees beat wings times second muscles contract nerve firing like rubber band efficient lets system consisting muscle wing operate frequency leading low energy consumption necessary insect motor nerves generally fire times second types muscles called muscles found insect wing systems families warm bodies considerably airborne low ambient temperatures known reach internal temperature method subgenus known considered separate genus brood parasites called colonies lost ability collect finding invading host colony female species feeds directly flowers host colony female kills queen colony uses physical attacks force workers colony feed young usually described queen host queen killed enable parasite produce offspring species actually enjoy increased success leave host queen alive female number morphological adaptations combat larger tough cuticle larger venom sac increase chances taking nest emerging males females disperse mate males survive winter like queens females find suitable locations spend winter enter mating usually emerge later host species species bee specific host species physically resemble case genetic analysis individuals captured wild showed host species nests single location lost fight parasite sting queen worker sting unlike lacks bee sting repeatedly injuring token left wound species normally aggressive sting defence nest harmed female aggressively attack host colony members sting host queen ignore animals disturbed predators parasites despite ability sting eaten certain predators nests dug eaten including adults present adults preyed flies north_america europe birds including bee capture adult wing smaller birds great occasionally learn crab spiders catch visit flowers great grey able detect flying metres away captured sting removed repeatedly insect abdomen branch european honey follows flying bees nest nest feet eats larvae adults find including including tree spread united_kingdom despite hosting high levels normally queen bees attempts establish colonies deformed wing virus found affect great_britain relationship humans agricultural use important crops entire colony honey useful honey producers increasingly agricultural use reasons plants buzz commercial production began founded company produced nests hectares tomatoes industry grew quickly starting companies netherlands nests mainly buff tailed produced factories world million nests grown annually europe turkey major producer animals red introduced crop new_zealand nineteenth century found local seed accordingly imported year species united_kingdom imported brought queens survived quickly multiplied planned red soon produced locally grown seed commercially tomatoes grown new_zealand population buff tailed naturally tasmania miles away concerns exist impact international trade mass produced colonies evidence japan south_america indicates escape new environments causing damage native greater use native china japan occurred result addition mounting evidence indicates mass produced carry diseases harmful wild population decline species declining europe north_america asia number factors including land use change reduces food plants north_america possibly having stronger negative effect especially subgenus major impact caused agriculture accelerated urgent need increase food production second world war small farms depended horses pull horses fed hay permanently grown typical farm little artificial farms provided flowering flower rich meadows favouring removed need horses artificial encouraged growth taller grasses meadow flowers flowers fed disappeared britain early 1980s native british short haired captured near significant increase use associated agriculture adverse effects genus bees directly exposed chemicals ways consuming directly treated physical contact treated plants flowers species particular found impacted brood development reduced memory negatively affected additionally risk pose consequences colony development size danger developed countries habitat destruction damage ruled presented high risk bees work looked study showed field realistic levels significantly reduced growth rate cut production new queens implying considerable negative effect wild populations developed world low levels reduce number colony cause brains considers evidence reduced brain function particularly given rely intelligence daily tasks study results suggests use affect able forage bee colonies affected released collected bees bees affected able collect took longer time species native species widespread britain decline remain widespread similar declines reported ireland species designated endangered considered vulnerable extinction decline numbers cause large scale changes countryside resulting inadequate certain plants native north_america extinct south_america distribution range probably intense land use climate change effects conservation efforts researcher founded registered charity prevent extinction trust attempted short haired extinct britain british derived populations surviving new_zealand introduction century earlier trust partnership reintroduced short haired queens southern sweden restored flower rich meadows queens checked american disease environment schemes spread neighbouring area marsh set provide hectares additional flower rich habitat bees summer workers species found near release zone proving nests established restored habitat produced revival schedule priority species red bee bee brown banded bee moss bee world sanctuary established national nature reserve scotland london led establishment chaired assess threat status species worldwide red list criteria flight according 20th century folklore laws prove incapable flight capacity terms wing size beats second achieve flight degree wing loading necessary supposedly envelope calculation taking weight wing area account worked flies couple metres second wings wouldn produce lift hold bee explains professor animal mechanics cambridge_university origin claim difficult pin certainty recounted unnamed swiss dinner party performed rough calculations concluded presumably according fly later years backed away origin suggesting multiple sources earliest found reference book vol des french applied air resistance insects found flight impossible shouldn surprised results calculations don square reality following passage appears introduction vol des par aviation les air conclusion vol est impossible translates prompted aviation applied laws air resistance insects arrived conclusion flight impossible refers assistant credit physicist germany idea swiss gas calculations calculations purported fly based simplified linear treatment method assumes small flow separation ignores effect dynamic stall separation inducing large vortex wing briefly produces times lift regular flight sophisticated aerodynamic analysis shows fly wings encounter dynamic stall cycle additionally noted biologist strong background pointed expected sustain flight need generate power given tiny wing area experiments insects found scale small insects meant small wings large volume air relative size reduces power required sustain flight order magnitude music literature orchestral interlude flight composed represents turning prince fly away visit father opera tale music reflect flight music inspired feature animated musical sound flying parts theater early attempt surround sound unsuccessful music excluded film release reign possibly published bee pseudonym books censored bishop ban issued archbishop_of_canterbury emily subject parody known poem little busy bee wrote builds cell neat spreads wax poem bee religion begins little like figure unto industry morals thing divine spring letter said enclosed dead bee wrote ways daughter poet wrote group poems bees late months suicide transforming father interest poetry scientist illustrator painted accurate drawings exposition english insects including classes appear characters children books surname harry potter series old said suit music imagined walking books younger children bee ben bee bees honey big butt buzz buzz buzz went bee bee came bee paul quarry bees little books members nest appear tale prominent character franchise denotes black yellow vehicle paint job directly referencing bee genus black yellow stripes automotive racing stripe instead centre vehicle found mainly chevrolet happens popular vehicle mode
Bumblebee