known revolt west rebellion attempt overthrow duke york scotland ireland death elder brother charles_ii february roman catholic rule opposed 1st duke illegitimate son charles_ii claimed rightful heir throne attempted displace plans discussed different actions overthrow monarch following failure assassinate charles_ii james self imposed exile rebellion coordinated rebellion scotland earl landed small force duke popular england planned recruit troops locally control area marching london landed june following weeks growing army farm workers fought series skirmishes local militias regular soldiers commanded 2nd earl later duke forces unable compete regular army failed capture key city bristol rebellion ended defeat army july forces led churchill executed treason july supporters tried led judge condemned death transportation able consolidate power reigned overthrown coup état glorious revolution duke illegitimate son charles_ii rumours charles married mother evidence forthcoming charles said wife catherine appointed commander chief father captain general enjoying successes netherlands anglo dutch war context english civil war left resentment population monarchy penalties imposed supporters commonwealth england contained towns opposition remained strong fears potential catholic monarch persisted intensified failure charles_ii wife produce children anglican clergyman spoke plot kill charles duke york throne earl government minister leading opponent catholicism attempted james excluded line succession members parliament proposed crown charles illegitimate son duke exclusion bill exclude king brother heir james duke york line succession danger passing charles_ii dissolved parliament elected dissolved reason attempt assassinate charles james went self imposed exile netherlands gathered supporters protestant toured greeted crowds towns long charles_ii remained throne content live life pleasure holland hoping throne accession coronation westminster abbey april end hopes plan rebellion planned holland coordinated rebellion scotland led earl areas england considered potential locations rebellion including lancashire seen having highest number opponents monarchy began expeditions holland james nephew son law detained stop recruitment efforts sailed scotland arriving raised recruits mainly clan scottish revolt previously involved important member rebellion scottish presbyterian minister known drew proclamation favour crowned king whig politician man considerable wealth influence jailed political campaign calling new parliament fined huge sum words release jail fled holland general rebellion raise funds ships weaponry belongings wife 1st mother jewellery hire dutch warship set sail strongly protestant region small ships light field guns muskets landed june supporters including lord gathered men day long statement prepared denounced king king james previously received intelligence impending plot ships leaving holland days warned arrival soon landing mayor town informed local militias customs officer rode london arriving june having ridden miles face rebels given command regular foot king army honour leading campaign passed earl days assemble army travel london west country initial defence left local militias couple days volunteers arrived offering serve june force excess men june lost leading supporters dare disputed ride best horses provided local supporters shot killed dare arrest sent frigate day cavalry foot soldiers command lord grey wade moved nearby town encountered men local royalist skirmish ended retreat grey cavalry followed wade foot soldiers deserted joined army following confrontation lord led royalist force exeter forces duke somerset approaching opposite direction learned approach royalist reinforcements departed instead marching london headed north force county somerset june fought militia taking town militias join recruits joined force consisting farm workers armed farm tools famous supporter young denounced king subject coronation june wishes republican supporters wade forced witness event sword point outside white hart inn encourage support country gentry joined new supporters formed new regiment men king force churchill continued close arriving june assistance local militias attempted stop new recruits arriving join moved forces bristol assumption target took overall charge campaign growing force continued north took residence castle june june june weather royal_navy captured ships cutting hope escape continent royalist forces churchill bristol received reinforcements marched london june army small force gloucester militia control vital crossing point intended attack city bristol largest important city london time heard city occupied 1st duke inconclusive skirmishes force commanded attacks gave impression larger royalist force vicinity actually historians speculated marched quickly possible bristol point protected gloucestershire militia probably able city final outcome rebellion different bristol taken recruits attracted rebellion later march london possible left headquarters abbey moved bath occupied royalist troops making entry city impossible camped forces attacked june leading elements forces combined larger force awaiting artillery duke led cavalry village surrounded rebels hack escape rescued churchill withdrew approximately losses believed taken greater losses marched overnight arriving june morale forces started collapse news failure rebellion scotland arrived day makeshift army camped small force involved minor skirmishes took castle disagreements key supporters fight commanded supporters away scottish rebellion failed rebels heading got far royalist forces cut route turned somerset arriving wells july soldiers damaged bishop palace west tearing lead roof bullets breaking windows smashing organ time horses nave aimed contain rebels rest forces including battalions holland arrived light propaganda suggesting rebels army royalist troops lost ordered engage forces june final parts army including artillery arrived eventually pushed alfred great found refuge conflicts july ordered troops town finally defeated second command july force entered started sent cavalry collect cannon planned stay returned break head bristol army horse camped edge village view tower church mary inspected closely deciding attack duke eventually led ill equipped troops undertake night time attack king army guided servant local farmer old bristol road limited cavalry vanguard turned south lane came open deep dangerous drainage ditches delay crossed men royalist patrol shot fired patrol report lord led rebel cavalry forward engaged alerted rest royalist forces superior training regular army horses routed rebel forces supporters quickly defeated professionals hundreds cut musket fire death count rebel variously given royalist losses buried churchyard prison rebel soldiers fled field battle captured ditch july new forest parliament passed act june sentencing death traitor trial needed execution despite begging mercy claims conversion beheaded tower hill july said took multiple blows axe head sources took blows official tower london website says took blows book claims seven subsidiary titles restored duke subsequent judge series trials supporters people condemned death sentenced transported west_indies took advantage suppression rebellion consolidate power asked parliament repeal test act corpus act power appoint roman catholics senior posts raised strength standing army parliament opposed moves november james dismissed birth heralded catholic succession overthrown coup état glorious revolution invitation protestant establishment literary references events surrounding formed basis works fiction work satire partially concerned biblical events plays key role novel year old ghost befriended protagonist historical novel clarke deals directly landing england raising army defeat followed characters trilogy baroque cycle particularly confusion play role aftermath main hero novel captain blood sentenced judge aiding wounded rebels transported caribbean started career pirate novel duke messenger tells story boy plays central meeting holland failed rebellion describes rebellion fantasy elements added viewpoint sir romantic novel rescues brother law battlefield captured rebel brought judge events immediately leading exile following glorious revolution provide setting historical novel
Monmouth Rebellion