august october prominent american abolitionist vocal advocate organizer promoting rights women stone woman massachusetts earn college degree spoke women rights slavery time women discouraged prevented public speaking stone known maiden marriage custom women husband surname stone organizational activities cause women rights yielded gains difficult political environment 19th century stone helped initiate supported sustained annually number local state regional activist conventions stone spoke number legislative bodies promote laws giving rights women assisted establishing woman help pass thirteenth amendment abolish slavery helped form built support woman suffrage constitutional amendment winning woman suffrage state local levels stone wrote extensively wide range women rights publishing distributing speeches convention proceedings long running influential weekly periodical founded promoted stone aired differing views women rights called morning star heart soul women rights movement stone influenced cause women suffrage wrote person heart american public deeply stirred woman question anthony stone called 19th century women suffrage feminism early life influences born august family farm massachusetts eighth children born grew brothers sisters siblings having died birth member stone household aunt children sister abandoned husband left dependent brother farm life hard work tightly managed family resources remembered childhood farm producing food family wanted extra trade store bought goods needed stone recalled family father described family government characteristic day earned modest income selling eggs cheese denied control money denied money purchase things francis considered trivial believing right earnings hannah stole coins purse secretly sold cheese child resented instances saw father unfair management family money later came realize custom blame injustice demonstrated necessity making custom right rule examples mother neighbor neglected husband left stone early learned women mercy husbands good came biblical passage desire shall husband shall rule thee distraught appeared divine women reasoned injunction applied wives resolving man master determined control life marrying obtaining highest education earning teaching woman pay age sixteen stone began teaching district schools brothers sister beginning pay day lower male teachers substituted brother winter received pay received protested school committee taught subjects replied woman pay lower pay women arguments cited promoting hiring women teachers education universal moderate expense women afford teach half salary men ask stone salary increased size schools finally received month lower male rate woman question stone began reading newspaper reports controversy raging massachusetts referred woman question woman proper role society assume active public role reform movements day developments controversy years shaped evolving philosophy women rights debate women entitled political voice begun women responded appeal petitions sent thousands signatures congress rejected women sent women responded holding convention new_york_city expand efforts declaring certain rights duties common moral beings longer remain limits prescribed corrupt custom application scripture sisters began speaking audiences men women instead women acceptable state convention ministers issued pastoral letter condemning women assuming place man public reformer ing character public teachers stone attended convention spectator angered letter determined public pastoral letter stone read letters province woman later republished letters equality sexes told brother reinforced resolve man master drew letters writing college essays later women rights lectures having determined obtain highest education stone enrolled age disappointed women rights withdrew term month enrolled later found liking decided large majority literary society day reported brother ladies ought politics congress etc etc stone read newspaper account connecticut meeting denied right speak vote recently hired agent work state refusing relinquish right kelly raised hand time vote taken admire calm noble bearing stone wrote brother wish spirits years later stone followed example church recommended expulsion certain activities including giving anti church views driving lectures entertaining home vote taken stone raised hand defense minister discounted vote saying member church voting member like kelly raised hand remaining votes completing year summer stone learned ohio college nation admit women bestowed college degrees women stone enrolled neighboring warren read studied latin greek grammar preparation entrance examinations august turned stone traveled train steamship ohio country college admit women african americans entered college believing women vote assume political office women study classic women able speak minds public forum share sentiments year stone befriended abolitionist came study minister stone brown eventually marry abolitionist brothers sisters law equal pay strike stone hoped earn college expenses teaching institute lower departments policy employing year students teachers work stone teaching district schools winter break house keeping school manual labor program paid cents hour half male students received work program measures taken reduce expenses stone prepared meals dormitory room stone given position teaching received reduced pay sex compensation policies required stone twice labor male student pay costs stone frequently rose clock fit work study found health declining february having decided submit injustice longer asked pay given lesser experienced male colleagues request denied resigned position pleading faculty restore stone students said pay stone right college stone planned borrow money father funds ran moved daughter description struggles promised provide money needed help home needed months pressure faculty yielded hired stone paying women student teachers rate paid male student teachers public speaking february stone thinking public speaker following summer storm controversy speaking decide matter faculty opposition foster ignited discussion women rights students especially woman right speak public stone vigorously defended joint meeting men women literary societies followed campus demonstration making public speech august commemoration emancipation west indies fall stone informed family intention woman rights lecturer brothers supportive father encouraged considered duty mother remaining sister reconsider mother fears stone said knew hated pursue course conduct appears best calculated promote highest good world stone tried gain practical speaking experience women students debate literary society considered inappropriate participate oral exercises men women members collegiate rhetoric class expected learn observing male classmates stone year student wanted develop skill public speaking organized campus women debating club gaining measure sought received permission debate stone rhetoric class debate attracted large student audience attention formally banned women oral exercises classes shortly stone accepted challenge editor county newspaper public debate women rights defeated submitted petition signed members graduating class asking women chosen write graduation essays permitted read men honored instead having read faculty members refused stone elected write essay declined saying support principle denied women privilege laborers men sphere ability makes adequate stone received degree august female college graduate massachusetts stone gave public speeches women rights fall brother church massachusetts little later neighboring warren stone agent june persuaded experience speaking practice felt needed beginning women rights campaign stone immediately proved effective speaker reported extraordinary power audiences described little looking body modest manners self possessed loaded canon assets addition storytelling ability audiences tears laughter said unusual voice contemporaries compared silver bell said perfect instrument bestowed speaker addition helping stone develop agency introduced network progressive wing abolition movement assisted women rights work fall received invitation new_york lecture women organized falls rochester women rights conventions earlier summer stone accepted expected begin working fall agency april stone invited lecture took advantage presence hold pennsylvania women rights meeting help stone conducted massachusetts petition campaigns right women vote hold public office drafted petitions accompanying appeals circulation published readers copy stone sent petitions legislature february half towns april woman rights convention held salem ohio petition drive asking constitutional convention revise state constitution secure women equal legal political rights woman negro suffrage stone sent letter praising initiative said massachusetts ought taken lead work chooses let young sisters west set worthy example spirit dead pledge massachusetts follow leaders asked stone address constitutional convention behalf believing appeals come residents state declined support garrison stone arranged meeting called national woman rights convention presided stone addressed large audience served secretary seven women appointed organize convention davis stone appointed conduct correspondence needed signatures recruit speakers attendance months convention stone contracted fever traveling indiana nearly died health limited participation held october worcester massachusetts formal address closing session convention decided establish formal association exist annual convention standing committee arrange meetings publish proceedings execute adopted plans action stone appointed women men following spring secretary committee year retained position secretary stone took leading organizing setting agenda national conventions decade woman rights boston attending society annual meeting stone went exhibit powers statue moved sculpture addressed meeting evening poured heart statue stone said society general agent samuel speaking women rights meeting replied woman abolitionist speak women months later stone notified intended lecture women rights time available work stone launched career independent women rights lecturer october continued press work agreed lecture sundays arranging women rights lectures engagements pay work expenses independent felt confident charge admission dress reform stone resumed fall wore new style dress adopted winter consisting loose short jacket pair trousers skirt fell inches knees dress product health reform movement intended replace fashionable french dress tight fitted skirt dragged inches floor worn layers straw fall water cure journal urged women style dress allow free use legs women country wearing form pants short skirt generally called turkish costume american dress wore walking dress letter writer urged women adopt common attire spring women states wearing dress public march editor newspaper lily announced wearing printed description dress instructions soon newspapers dubbed dress stuck fashion following months women new_york_city massachusetts held reform dress social events festivals supporters gathered signatures declaration independence fashion organized dress reform societies supporters women rights took prominent activities offered silk friends short skirt trousers public dress stone accepted offer stone dress fall audiences seen dress controversial newspapers initially praised new style soon turned ridicule condemnation viewing trousers symbol male authority women retreated face criticism stone continued wear short dress exclusively years wore hair short cut jaw line stone new_york_city april report speeches accompanied stone dress stone found short skirt convenient travels defended said distraction hurt women rights cause disliked instant attention drew arrived new place fall added dress inches longer occasional use abandoned dress altogether involved formation february resumption long skirts drew condemnation dress reform leaders accused sacrificing principle sake pleasing husband western tour october following held cleveland ohio stone addressed cincinnati women rights meeting arranged local businessman family capable women taken interest stone successful meeting stone accepted offer arrange tour western states considered west pennsylvania virginia following thirteen weeks stone gave lectures thirteen cities report said stirring west women rights seldom stirred subject whatsoever lectures louisville stone repeat entire course told having effect indianapolis newspaper reported stone set thirds women town crazy women rights placed half men similar papers said lectures attracted largest crowds assembled filling city largest auditorium capacity thousand chicago papers praised lectures best season said inspiring discussion debate city homes meeting places stone headed home january left influence stone women rights massachusetts maine new_hampshire vermont connecticut rhode_island new_york pennsylvania delaware new_jersey washington ohio indiana illinois michigan wisconsin ontario later write speaker stirred nation heart subject woman hearings addition women rights movement prominent spokesperson led movement efforts initiated petition efforts new_england states assisted efforts state local organizations new_york ohio indiana massachusetts massachusetts legislature right women vote serve public office stone aimed petitions convention meet revise state constitution phillips drafted petition asking word male stricken appeared constitution appeal urging massachusetts citizens sign state months stone sent convention petitions bearing thousand signatures stone phillips addressed convention reporting stone hearing noted world country woman publicly demand hall legislation represented person equal framing laws determining action government multi state campaigns stone called new england woman rights convention boston june expand efforts convention adopted resolution new_england proposed form petition appointed committee state organize work speech second new england woman rights convention held june stone urged reason women needed suffrage protect gains achieved reminding legislature women convention adopted resolution calling ballot woman sword shield means achieving protecting civil rights urging national convention suffrage priority met cincinnati october stone delivered impromptu remarks famous disappointment speech interrupted proceedings calling female speakers disappointed women stone yes disappointed woman education marriage religion disappointment lot woman shall business life disappointment woman heart bows longer convention adopted stone resolution calling circulation petitions saying duty women respective states ask legislators franchise following convention suffrage took place new_england states new_york ohio indiana illinois michigan wisconsin nebraska resultant legislative hearings action nebraska wisconsin recently moved iowa near nebraska border took work area officers cincinnati convention directed work indiana stone helped launch new_york campaign state woman rights convention august cleveland convention recruited workers work illinois michigan ohio stone took charge work ohio new home state drafting petition placing ohio newspapers circulating lectures southern ohio recruit worked northern state stone illinois indiana support petition drives personally introduced work wisconsin found volunteers petition legislators introduce houses legislature national convention stone presented new strategy suggested send memorial state signed officers married january stone sister law process stone appointed committee carry plan stone drafted printed appeal state indiana pennsylvania referred memorial select committees massachusetts maine granted hearings march stone phillips addressed massachusetts senate march stone phillips addressed select committee maine legislature marriage began year courtship stone summer stone told wish marry want surrender control life assume legal position occupied married woman maintained despite law couples create marriage equal partnership governed mutual agreement steps protect wife laws placing assets hands trustee believed marriage allow partner accomplish help advance stone work arranged highly successful western tour eighteen month courtship conducted primarily correspondence stone discussed nature marriage actual ideal marriage stone gradually fell love november agreed marry stone developed private agreement aimed preserving protecting stone financial independence personal liberty monetary matters agreed marriage like business partnership partners joint results previous claim lands belonging obligation costs holding married living share earnings separate relinquish claim subsequent earnings right property pleased children objections stone refused supported insisted paying half mutual expenses addition financial independence stone agreed enjoy personal independence autonomy partner shall attempt fix residence employment habits shall partner feel bound live longer discussion marriage stone given copy book marriage reproductive element man means elevation happiness asked accept principles considered relationship husband wife wright proposed women bore results sexual intercourse wives govern couple marital relations accordance view agreed stone choose mother addition private agreement drew protest laws rules customs conferred superior rights husbands wedding ceremony pledged avail laws wedding took place stone home massachusetts stone close friend worker sent copy stone worcester spy spread country commentators viewed protest marriage agreed woman resign legal existence formal protest forced marriage submit degradation law placed married woman inspired couples similar protests wedding ceremonies keeping stone viewed tradition wives abandoning surname assume husbands manifestation legal married woman identity immediately marriage agreement husband continued sign correspondence summer tried register deed property stone purchased wisconsin insisted sign couple consulted friend cincinnati lawyer future chief justice immediately able answer question legality continuing sign private correspondence months signed public documents allowed identified convention proceedings newspaper reports receiving assurance chase law required married woman change stone public announcement convention american anti slavery society boston remained boston women granted franchise school elections stone registered vote officials notified allowed vote added signature refused time energy consumed suffrage work challenge action court law children stone daughter born september leader suffrage movement wrote biography mother pioneer woman family living temporarily chicago stone lost baby boy activism marriage summer summer stone continued organizing schedule january stone accused court spoke defense rumor forward prosecution stone gave knife slave trial killing child prevent enslaved stone said slipped prisoner knife garner kill forced return slavery stone referred court asked wanted defend preferred address assembly record saying teeth tear open veins let earth drink blood wear chains slavery blame wishing child find freedom god angels chains birth daughter september impossible maintain high level activism stone preliminary arrangements national convention held providence able attend handed responsibility disrupted plan convention chicago stone announcement anthony helped stone arrange convention took sole responsibility meeting took charge convention marriage stone felt women allowed divorce drunken husbands formally end marriage true love grow soul injured enjoyment legal bond right pure holy right right recognized think right recognized stone friends felt differently issue brown wrote stone ready accept idea parties wanted divorce inclined clerical favor giving women right divorce eventually coming view reform marriage laws important women voting rights process planning women rights conventions stone worked remove proposed platform formal advocacy divorce stone wished subject separate prevent appearance moral pushed right woman control person moral intelligent rights certain fall place women given control bodies years later stone position divorce change differences newspaper printed stone free combination women rights saying diminishing focus power anti slavery movement later found stone fault speaking whites philadelphia lecture hall stone insisted replaced planned speech day appeal audience boycott facility took years reconciled tax protest january stone staged highly publicized protest took issue taxation representation nation previous summer purchased house orange new_jersey tax bill came stone returned unpaid explanation women denying right vote violation america founding principles january city auctioned household goods pay tax attendant court costs following month stone spoke taxation representation large meetings orange circulated petitions asking new_jersey legislature woman suffrage stone protest inspired tax paying women action followed example refused pay taxes case reaching went polls demand right tax vote national organizations civil war stone joined form woman group held convention new_york_city resolved fight emancipation african americans organization gathered signatures petition united_states congress significantly assisting passage thirteenth amendment slavery reconstruction began stone helped form main goal achieve equal voting rights people gender race conference division arose great majority participants stone wanted voice support proposed fifteenth amendment grant suffrage african american men vocal minority opposed amendment voting rights provide universal suffrage conflict led adoption muted resolution favor fifteenth amendment expressed disappointment congress offered privilege women hold internal strife positions heading minority formed female focus women gaining voting rights cleveland november stone husband founded moderate admitted men women goals fifteenth amendment passed effort win women vote membership timing women suffrage groups differed minor points policy divorce free love twentieth anniversary celebration spoke hours rallying crowd women right divorce stone position matter shifted significantly personal differences stone came fore issue stone writing believe marriage life loose talk favor easy divorce stone clear wishing free divorce associated stone organization headed time reverend stone wrote free love free love means free lust editorial position come stone told husband carrying relation good friend published editorial saying time life detected improper certain ladies congregation informed alleged affair passed information free love advocate printed began convincing write book life story imaginative material supplied stone wrote friend wish regard ideas heard meeting self serving activities attracting disapproval radical divert criticism published saying practiced free love private speaking pulpit caused sensation press resulted inconclusive legal suit subsequent formal inquiry lasting adultery friction camps women rights activists took focus away legitimate political aims wrote stone michigan working putting woman suffrage state constitution saying affair playing woman suffrage michigan chance success year fancy voting rights stone moved pope hill massachusetts relocating new_jersey organize town women active female anti slavery society number local women time stone founded boston publication voicing concerns stone continued edit journal rest life assisted husband daughter colorado lesson stone asked come assist colorado activists organization popular referendum campaign aim gaining suffrage women stone worked northern half state late summer traveled promising rough southern half scattered support reported activists areas receptive latino voters proved largely voting reform resistance blamed extreme opposition measure voiced roman catholic bishop colorado handful politicians colorado ignored measure actively fought stone concentrated convincing denver voters october ballot measure lost heavily voting married working men showed greatest support young single men called colorado lesson writing woman suffrage carried popular vote political party school board vote stone organized petition state massachusetts women given strictly voting rights woman prove qualifications male voter allowed cast vote members school board stone applied voting board boston required sign husband surname refused participated vote reconciliation eighteen years rift formed american women rights movement stone proposed merger groups plans drawn annual meetings heard voted passed group evaluation organizations resolved differences merged form stone weak heart problems respiratory illness attend convention elected chair executive committee starting early january visited stone repeatedly pope hill purpose learning stone ways political organizing stone previously met iowa state woman suffrage convention october impressed ambition sense presence saying heard movement stone rest winter giving wealth information lobbying techniques fund raising later teaching good effect leading final drive gain women vote stone went january convention isabella stone anthony women suffrage called away convention opening hours unexpected woman suffrage hearing judiciary stone told assembled come committee sense feel handicapped women try single fact vote care votes stone argued men work pass laws equality property rights sexes stone demanded folding wife property husband stone impromptu speech comparison brilliant preceded stone later published speech entirety self convention anthony elected president stone honorary presidents final appearance stone convinced sit portrait sculpture rendered sculptor poet stone previously protested proposed portrait year saying funds engage artist better spent suffrage work stone finally yielded pressure friends neighbors boston area sat whitney produced bust february stone invited brother frank wife sarah come bust shipped chicago display upcoming world exposition stone went daughter chicago gave public speeches world saw strong international involvement women women countries speaking meetings attendance topping week long event stone immediate focus state consideration new_york nebraska stone presented speech prepared entitled progress years described change said think ending gratitude young women today know price right free speech speak public earned stone met form plan organizing colorado stone attended days meetings getting woman suffrage drive restarted kansas stone daughter returned home pope hill knew stone thought voice lacking strength august husband harry wanted meetings exposition weak stone diagnosed suffering advanced stomach cancer september wrote final letters friends relatives having prepared death concern women cause died october age funeral days later people crowded church hundreds stood outside women men served including sculptor stone old abolitionist friends lined streets sight funeral procession page banner headlines ran news accounts stone death widely reported american woman time according wishes body cremated making person cremated massachusetts wait months undertaken forest hills cemetery completed stone remains chapel named legacy refusal husband assertion rights controversial largely remembered today women continue use birth marriage occasionally known united_states founded new_york_city described time league instituted began write history woman suffrage planned volume finished death anthony afterward volumes chronicled beginnings women rights movement including years stone active differences stone highlighted stone place history work text standard scholarly resource 19th century american feminism 20th century causing stone extensive contribution overlooked histories women causes august anniversary birth honored stone postage stamp prominent americans series image adapted photograph included biography stone displayed portraits influential male leaders state massachusetts year project called hear initiated state legislature came fruition portraits female leaders mounted historic building women honored girls included song entitled solo recording administration classroom building new_jersey named warren massachusetts contains bust display boston building featured home owned managed non profit land conservation historic preservation organization dedicated preserving natural historic places site includes acres forested land massachusetts farmhouse stone born married burned ground ruins center property time stone wedding parents married brother family lived half story house family descendants continued live pilgrimage placed memorial tablet house read house birthplace pioneer advocate equal rights women born august married died october grateful memory massachusetts placed tablet august tablet severely damaged surviving fire fire surrounding farmland abandoned left revert forest hunting harvesting timber trustees acquired home site maintaining property
Lucy Stone