act act act parliament united_kingdom reformed auxiliary forces british_army transferring existing volunteer units new disbanding militia form new special reserve reorganisation formed major named creator act lessons learned reinforced idea regular army capable fighting prolonged scale war significant assistance regular units united_kingdom deployed overseas months outbreak hostilities entire pool reserve manpower exhausted year thought war auxiliary forces overseas event volunteers hoc basis new auxiliary arm formed provide specialist troops clear effective system required future number attempts reform conservative government failed lasting changes system left auxiliary forces liberal victory december appointed secretary state war immediately set reforming army best prepare intervention european war decided regular auxiliary territorial force liable home defence expanded reserve examination best way implement forward draft bill winter ensured government legislative program coming year order ensure pass difficulty consulted privately senior army officers king leader opposition gain support principles legislation march debated late march april received prolific opposition mainly partisans existing system small group opposed bill grounds proposed force ineffective continental armies whilst labour_party members generally opposed increase military strength reading june passing comfortable majority received august act effective immediately bulk reforms scheduled begin april act divided main sections created county associations local bodies administer support territorial units military control called service second section reformed existing volunteers newly created whilst dissolved militia place created composed men previously served regular army background need reform outbreak british_army committed large scale overseas deployment 1850s intervening period seen extensive abolished purchase commissions officer corps reformed system recruits served years colours years liable reserve service new reserve system tested anglo egyptian war fought overseas time crisis reserves cavalry regiment infantry regiments totalling men administrative structure army reinforced creation regimental districts regular infantry regiments paired share depot linked local militia volunteer units early 1880s step taken reforms formally amalgamated regiments single battalion unit militia volunteers meant general battalion infantry regiment based home depot based overseas meant roughly half available united_kingdom responding new overseas commitments estimated memorandum army provide regular troops units reinforced individually composed partly regulars partly militia remaining auxiliary forces garrisons fixed defences ports london status auxiliary forces regular units supported reserves discussed auxiliary forces militia volunteers militia administered recruits weeks joining month year period time suited casual labourers agricultural workers impractical urban workers skilled thirty percent recruits young men passed percent served year service join accepting liability serve overseas regular army case war called reserve exceeded establishment men force came battalions infantry brigades coastal artillery little small group fortress engineers medical staff men service arms members battalion volunteered overseas service sent overseas unit war serving colonial garrisons militia effectively little collection independent units home defence force second element auxiliary forces regiments volunteer cavalry historically form internal security police deployed suppress local riots provide force support authorities recruits force usually personally wealthy providing horses uniforms units heavily senior officers training requirements low annual day camp regiments liable called defence invasion insurrection prepared effective units possessed transport resources designated arm volunteers mainly drawn small businessmen professionals predominantly urban middle class units training weekends annual camp rifle corps corps artillery coastal artillery static position batteries equipped pounder guns constitute organised field force engineer medical units service corps status volunteer units complicated origins private societies received central funding supported local commanders effects south african war reforms ensured sizable force regular troops based united_kingdom service expeditionary force troops stationed overseas decision taken send corps size field force fight system began strain divisions deployment october men reserve reinforce regulations time held men sent overseas replace ineffective soldiers filling existing gaps units meant battalion strength force men listed unfit foreign service force sailed men field force augmented additional brigade infantry minute totalled divisions fourth organised early november fifth end month sixth december completed corps originally planned expeditionary force brief panic mid december seventh dispatched end january leaving country virtually regular troops end planned thought given pre war militia volunteers formed units foreign service sent overseas regular forces total remainder sent overseas reinforcements replacements year war conventional system posting regiment worked april necessary post different regiments heavy losses september system broken entirely reserves entirely exhausted men december request sent south_africa auxiliary troops commitment send considerable force militia picked volunteers early january reinforcements sent included service company volunteers regular battalion complete volunteer battalion seven militia battalions large number battalions militia volunteered overseas service eventually sent country war men went south_africa whilst served colonial garrisons employed mainly lines communication regarded second line troops low quality strongly officers heavily composed men regarded young regular army deficiencies militia increased fact best experienced men volunteered strong militia reserve stripped battalions sent overseas drafts regular units travelled south_africa militia subsequently transferred regular units overseas sir commented men regular battalions excellent commanding officer asked said class men militia battalions come lost officers gone regular battalions replace losses earlier war somewhat short officers start line communication service best suited circumstances volunteer unit sent composite battalion recruited london units raised early january sent combat weeks training south_africa lord roberts described excellent returned home october time number service companies raised volunteer units organised regimental depots volunteer units district volunteer units employed integral companies regular battalions regarded field likewise employed complete units whilst initial request called organised companies specified equipped mounted infantry trained equipped shock cavalry decision taken late december form new force consist mounted infantry organised separately existing whilst provided officers small number recruits came existing regiments volunteer corps drawn civilians previously members units performed recruiting proceeded fits starts recruitment stopped resumed early adequate supply manpower available conservative reforms election october remained power instituted thorough reorganisation government led immediately called extensive reform debate march dismissed corps expeditionary force insufficient suggested home defence ought ready moment send abroad proper men proposed divide nation geographical corps districts contain appropriate units peacetime command war regulars based salisbury plain corps regulars based ireland constitute force overseas service fourth fifth composed mixture regular auxiliary forces selected line volunteer militia battalions remaining auxiliary forces assigned defensive purposes corps located heavily expanded reformed mounted infantry having proved great use south_africa scheme course implemented whilst progress peacetime slow effect march report gave fifth formed large numbers component units corps unavailable organised simply wrong locations remarkably corps command assigned shortly appointed secretary state war acts appoint lord chair committee reform called number administrative reforms including formation summer set consider existing state issued report advocated form compulsory service swiftly rejected government offered pragmatic reforms later taken state militia reported unfit field qualified time pressed ahead reforms proposing july strong opposition split liable peacetime service home overseas peacetime service home able sent overseas time crisis militia discussed proposals undertook reduce strength volunteers split second class units debate resumed session parliament having shortly original announcement continued attacked little progress implementing attempt june identify volunteer units likely disbanded reported questions asked forced suggesting wished determine proportion volunteers capable foreign service end period constant attempts reorganisation proved mixed bag particularly auxiliary forces militia heavily whilst number recruits volunteers falling financial situation units worrying system central capita grants helped support units despite worrying effect causing incentive men books possible regardless fitness apparent headed financial collapse action taken december government collapsed sir prime minister leading minority liberal government appointed secretary state war accidental selection aiming lord chancellor whilst offered post attorney general offered men offered despite beginning words greatest secretary state took post ideas role army quickly settled idea efficiency essential precursor making financial economies brief hiatus general election liberals won comfortably turned attention crisis brought france germany war december sir foreign secretary privately agreed commit army aid france attacked began consider best accomplish quickly concluded need regular specifically prepared trained use continental intervention force question provide force short period settled strength battalion infantry divisions supporting arms need organised peacetime prepared united_kingdom committed action soon reached continent army geared specific purpose reorganised fit role elements support discarded reforms anticipated existing division army militia changed structure home defence based volunteers form basis whilst militia reserve regular expeditionary force fully liable service overseas formed committee known chair lord representatives militia volunteers study proposals attempt reach agreement committee met sat july failed reach effective conclusion issue militia merged volunteers formally incorporated secondary problem desire commanders individual volunteer units wished retain greater independence units currently possessed placing control bodies second attempt gain agreement militia proposed amalgamation late june strongly opposed fourteen militia representatives insisted overseas service complete militia battalions drafts sent regular battalions meeting october proposed militia join volunteers senior element rejected possible approaches dealing militia strongly opposed decision taken away entirely replace newly created force incorporate elements militia willing transferred legislative history act drafted winter assistance support final draft sent king january remained ensure passage house_of_commons confident support prime minister privately discussed bill order ensure significant opposition time governing absorbed problems social reform guaranteed time present defence bill beginning year discovered bill scheduled session ready offered small bill fill gap february introduced new showed saving slightly million pounds discussed forthcoming reforms stating critical problem ensure continued recruitment line regiments militia provide financial support stability volunteer units memorandum issued day expanded points suggested event future war sent abroad organisation support expansion months training home defence duties able volunteer overseas service bill formally introduced house_of_commons march subject debated house_of_lords march proposed changed militia strongly opposed bill second reading april passed committee discussed length days opposition bill whilst effective previous war secretary argued prove ineffective opposition continental armies whilst labour_party objected generally increase military strength opposition came partisans existing system opposition militia element supporters objected reduction daily rates whilst sir led opposition volunteers control new regulations strong liberal majority saw opposition bill moved reading june passed votes opposition mainly led irish mps voted government reasons unrelated bill labour_party save like vincent oppose bill passed reading house_of_lords took minor amendments escaped significant opposition barring brief dispute status cadet units eventually agreed supported associations provided funding provided money voted parliament amendment accepted government bill passed smoothly royal provisions act act sections established administer system whilst covered formation existing units volunteers iii created arranged transfer militia units contained miscellaneous provisions related schedules county associations authorised establishment schemes drawn laid expected form associations areas authority provided funded centrally raise funds right regulations necessary administration associations explicitly stipulated associations operational command forces administered section act stipulated responsible reorganisation act majesty military forces regulars reserves administration forces reorganised draw organising scheme define membership schemes approved parliament act anticipated schemes lord lieutenant county president required half membership consist officers drawn branches preceding volunteers desirable members include representatives county councils county borough councils universities area association opted members representative interests employers scheme lay general administrative issues appointment initial chairman officers rules procedure schemes permit general officers deputies attend meetings speak vote association cover single county corresponding counties created local government act local government scotland act local government ireland act county sufficiently large scheme divide multiple parts assign sub associations section act provided duties county associations primarily constituted organise county explicitly stipulated shall powers training majesty military forces act permitted virtually relevant duties crown assigned associations particularly noted organisation administration units called training military service recruiting force peacetime wartime provision maintenance rifle ranges buildings magazines sites camps organisation areas manoeuvres secure storage weapons equipment arrangement employers holidays training training camps establishment support cadet battalions rifle clubs funding provided parliamentary grant respect person age sixteen compromise introduced reading bill provided support given person sixteen lords wished remove restriction compromise state support come parliamentary funds associations effectively free raise money purpose provision horses peacetime requirements force supply territorial units county payment families men force called service care discharged soldiers act permitted establishment regulations government discipline pay crown certain existing enactment applied militia volunteers extended order council number subsequently applied order march railway act railway act friendly societies act officers commissions act terms service men enlisted force specific county association specific corps corps contained multiple units posted choosing men permitted transferred corps regular unit consent periods service exceed years extended years end period force called permanent service time man discharge came required service months member force buy discharge end term giving months notice paying sum pounds times embodiment service discharged orders misconduct judged commanding officer appointments lowest grade officer unit given persons recommended association president provided fulfilled necessary qualifications regular drills prescribed regulation recruits force attend annual training days year eighteen cavalry crown able extend period training thirty days abandon annual training altogether necessary act provided number military offences including failure attend embodiment failure conditions training sale destruction government property provided method offences act army act tried members force punished absence relating voting parliamentary election members force exempt service peace officer parish officer compelled serve jury field officers required serve high sheriff officers force discharged performing duty embodied responsibility taken sheriff accepting commission officer force vacate seat member parliament army act applied members way applied militia addition dismissal form punishment amended accordingly schedule act embodiment proclamation issued ordering called permanent service crown legally permitted order issue directions order forthcoming parliament directed issue direction embodiment entire force parliament sitting time proclamation resume session days crown able issue proclamation force proclamation issued permitted elements force saw fit embodied members liable service united_kingdom ordered country provided force commanding officer offer subject liability overseas service called military service country defensive purposes embodied act took pains ensure person shall compelled offer subjected liability consent required commanding officers explain man offer purely voluntary transfer units county association formed providing transfer specified volunteer units county units deemed formed units date order date officer man unit deemed member affect terms service section march transferred existing units volunteers small number exceptions iii iii act dealt expansion creation new class transfer militia units extended reserve forces act allow men served regular forces known special special permitted agree serve indefinite period discharge agree writing liable proclamation order parliament thousand men liable provision time power exercised overseas service operations preparation progress militia act extended allow thousand men total liable proclamation period liability years organised regulations issued reserve forces act forming regiments battalions existing regular corps newly created ones crown given power transfer existing battalions militia deemed formed battalions special date accordingly section april transferred units militia disbanded officer battalion deemed member man special individual condition service altered consent acceptance commission member vacate seat sitting member parliament supplemental act contained number minor provisions relating administration act including provisions system orders council definitions terms army act application act scotland schedules listed specific amendments army act whilst second gave listing cities towns defined county deemed purposes act act repeal existing legislation militia acts dating time king charles_ii remained nominally force implementation act formation proceeded smoothly august weeks act received royal reported associations formed issued model scheme september advisory notes sent lords lieutenant counties appointments divisional commands october formally came existence april date existing volunteer force ceased exist march existing units transferred small number exceptions transferred units reorganised amalgamated produce force anticipated size exception small number batteries new unit trace lineage volunteer unit constituted infantry battalions organised bicycle infantry regiments organised fourteen divisions fourteen cavalry brigades associated support troops new territorial regiment formed encompass seven battalions previously associated regular regiments divisional troops raised administered whilst divisions operationally commanded regular staff officers outside divisional structure created followed units transferred members decide enlist threshold recognition given establishment strength recognised artillery infantry units total establishment june total establishment summer camp organised end stood establishment strength popular recruiting campaign following spring led daily_mail brought summer new territorial reserve force announced began recruiting beginning contained men militia remained legally existence battalions surplus requirements disbanded battalions planned transferred reserves trained militia amalgamated regular regiments forming special reserve battalions usually assigned line regiments duplicate extra special reserve battalions end year nominal strength officers men chosen transfer remained enrolled militia serving year january remained quickly disappeared battalions transferred militia infantry units exception irish artillery units group units mentioned transferred new system irish regiments decision taken units ireland regiments disbanded south irish horse remained organised volunteers whilst new legislation extend force reorganised partly difficulty changing annual training bermuda malta encompassed scope legislation militia continued operate old system subsequent legislation army annual act gave powers private accommodation embodied military service act introduced conscription provisions act prevented territorial soldier transferred different corps regular unit consent suspended changed returned old title militia air_force constitution act created reserve auxiliary force newly constituted royal_air_force act modified act allow county associations administer act gave county associations responsibility act repealed ceased force independence formally repealed obsolete india identified india longer useful accordingly repealed application india legislation currently governing reserve forces act
Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907