ibn muslim ibn muslim arabic ibn muslim ibn arab commander army governor distinguished conquest arabic reign capable soldier administrator consolidated muslim rule area expanded border include consolidated muslim control native conquered conquered completed conquest capture opened road valley years life led annual campaigns extending muslim control increase strained manpower initiated wide scale levy native soldiers fought alongside arab muslim troops following death insecure position new regime rebelled failed secure support army defeated killed conquests lost years death muslim position restored line reached region come muslim control origin early life born family influential father muslim ibn enjoyed favour fell close rose noticed powerful governor iraq east ibn suppression revolt patronage took rebel ibn city governor late early ibn appointed governor choice hailed relatively weak tribe intended heal destructive feud north arab tribal providing governor belong neutral groups generally allied policy power dominant governorship ibn furthermore lacked strong tribal base expected remain firmly attached patron spend years life consolidating expanding muslim rule military diplomatic abilities came good importantly able enlist support local iranian population powerful iranian gentry class conquests arabs reached decade decisive victory completed conquest seizing arab attacks ranged far little raids aiming seizing booty tribute interrupted warfare broke subsequent governors notably ibn ibn attempts conquer territory river failed native princes tried exploit arabs rivalries aid arab ibn seized fortress domain managed arabs holdings princes remained feuds failed unite face arab conquest fact suitably exploited conquest task set suppression rebellion accomplished swiftly secured submission local princes upper valley notably king invited aid dispute ruler nearby northern mountainous districts extensive negotiations led persian ruler surrendered pledged accompany expeditions occupied long bloody conquest time divided civil war seized ruler nearby local magnate declared king taking advantage conflict able easily capture city month siege left small garrison departed inhabitants launched revolt soon arab army turned proceeded sack city men fighting age executed women children sold slaves enormous booty amassed especially armour weapons equipped arab army brutal punishment shocked region princes united arab accounts mention participation troops probably campaign able capture outlying towns threatened rear allied army avoided battle engaged negotiations gain time executing rapid retreat safety iron gate crossing river campaign failure drew drew new plan subordinate arabs launched direct attack caught alliance possibly weakened death leader surprise city taken storm tribute imposed arab garrison installed direct aftermath ruler sent envoys tributary vassal success followed rebellion autumn support city effort raise entire region revolt forced nominal join uprising year advanced direct confrontation muslim levy based army disbanded ordered brother garrison men head secure muslim position proved effective rebellion local princes spring able establish muslim control rebel rulers fled finally captured executed orders despite promises pardon exiled damascus kept hostage firmly incorporated arab district representatives appointed alongside local princes gradually relegated secondary positions brother installed garrison near oversee affairs province despite swift end revolt king decided rebel led forces besieged citadel took king fell battle supporters executed marched west iron gate taking visiting settled relations arabs locals installed young prince position established arab military colony city later built mosque city citadel arab authorities encouraged conversion native population paying attend prayers proceeded slowly time began adopt measure marked radical departure previous practice east ordered raising native auxiliary usually thousand strong composed non converts supplement arab tribal army measure later expanded include newly conquered territories suggests seen answer need troops control conquered territories continue muslim expansion means placing local manpower arab service time reducing risk anti arab revolts suggests creation indigenous force attempt establish power base appears recruited special corps known nobility skill known pierce pupils eyes apparently served bodyguard local converts emerged foremost leader appears frequently account main military leader chief later ordered march kingdom ruler titled long remained arabs province repeated expeditions failed truce agreed exchange tribute addition existence free kingdom threat security muslim control encouraged seek support led large army south readily offered submission payment tribute satisfied easy success unwilling hazard campaign mountains departed garrisons installed soon arab army departed ceased payment tribute victories parallel conquests northwestern india enthusiasm hopes muslims reputed offered governorship china reached conquest expeditions valley taking advantage absence south inhabitants ruler passive stance arabs installed prince prepared march winter received envoys king previously subdued ibn soon forces departed renounced treaty subsequent efforts ibn failed given faced rebellion younger brother powerful rival king asked help offering recognition money livestock payment tribute exchange announcing head advanced troops lightning campaign capital brother defeated killed troops battle took prisoners executed followers captured executed rebelled shortly departure killed replaced governor brother revolt persisted capture strong force ibn sent subdue region local dynasty left place son new conquest accompanied great brutality 11th century scholar compares events sack arabs proceeded massacre upper classes revolt destroyed great objects culture including manuscripts leaving initially turned army grown weary demanded end campaign march suddenly turned army disbanded forces arabs reinforced able brush aside local resistance advance straight city lay siege inhabitants city resisted arabs determination called rulers aid ruler sent strong army aid ambushed destroyed arabs news arrived time arab siege weapons effected breach city walls forcing sue peace initially granted surprisingly terms payment annual tribute provision auxiliary corps construction mosque inside city celebration prayers arab army inside city proceeded occupy garrison brothers accounts differ left governor orders given prohibiting non muslim access city citadel left city founded new town north enabled bring albeit tentative control considerably prestige arab sources indicate time princes called western turks help arabs chronology accounts open question rate years engaged effort push borders gain control valley large force supported marched valley early native dispatched reportedly taken arabs marched direction little known expeditions successful battles recorded dispatch arab embassy chinese court verified chinese sources reports marched chinese held territory claim dismissed modern scholars renewed expeditions probably base campaign cut short receiving news death unsure position patron gone disbanded army returned rebellion death quickly confirmed governor province independent governor iraq position secure arab army tired constant campaigning rivalries alienated powerful arab tribal groups generally popular native leader native secretly turned completely unaware situation began preparations campaign intended finally capture complete valley concern old rival ibn restored favour death took precautions removing family belongings placing guard campaign way news reached army death accession brother throne new bitter enemy argued favour excluding succession confirmed position governor feared soon removed negotiations new regime damascus failed resolved rebel arabs refused support native favourably disposed prevented declaring support family fellow bodyguard remained faithful opposition led tribe leader august according early according members family killed arab soldiers succeeded governor ordered army return disbanded death arab position swiftly successors command prestige local population unable maintain conquests face local revolts invasion abandoned contested territory years death period arabs suffered grave defeats day battle pass weakened internal conflicts ibn able restore control decisive victory new chinese armies battle local princes accept muslim control final south ceased payment tribute remained independent decades role conquest gradual crucial later times number locations tomb supposedly located pilgrims descendants continued hold influential positions son served governor son governed nephew muslim governor especially numerous sons continued high office 9th century
Qutayba ibn Muslim