natural natural derived plants invertebrates minerals majority natural vegetable plant sources roots bark leaves wood organic sources fungi archaeologists found evidence textile dating period china plants insects traced years essential process changed little time typically material pot water dyed added pot heated stirred color transferred textile dyed spinning dyed wool dyed piece dyed weaving natural require use chemicals called textile oak salt natural early produce strong large scale isolated districts history people dyed common locally available materials scarce produced brilliant permanent colors natural purple crimson highly prized luxury items ancient medieval world plant based raised commercially important trade goods economies asia europe asia africa patterned produced resist techniques control absorption color piece dyed cloth brought europe spanish treasure fleets europe carried colonists america discovery man synthetic mid-19th century triggered long decline large scale market natural synthetic produced large quantities quickly superseded natural commercial textile production enabled industrial revolution unlike natural suitable synthetic followed artists arts preferred pure shades subtle natural mellow age preserve true colors unlike early synthetic helped ensure old european techniques printing natural preserved use home craft natural techniques preserved traditional cultures world early 21st century market natural fashion industry experiencing resurgence western consumers concerned health environmental impact synthetic manufacturing growing demand products use natural european_union example encouraged indonesian cloth producers switch natural improve export market europe use fashion industry content determines type required fabric cotton bamboo protein wool silk leather require direct substantive fixed light oxygen protein require acid indirect require bonding agent synthetic requires method example requires acid disperse pigment requires disperse types natural currently use global fashion industry include animal insect red cow indian yellow insect red violet purple octopus brown plant tree brown tree dark yellow root yellow plant blue tree red plant yellow root red pink orange fruit yellow green black yellow yellow origins colors range reds attested colors number ancient textile sites ranging bronze age levant egypt europe followed evidence blues green appearing somewhat later earliest surviving evidence textile found large settlement southern traces red possible iron clay found developed 3rd 2nd millennium bce red brown warp yellow discovered egyptian sixth dynasty bce chemical analysis definitively identify ancient rarely conducted blue detected impossible determine bearing plants based colors surviving textile fragments evidence actual found archaeological sites reds blues plant sources common use late 18th century substantial contributions process making particular progress setting standards sheep wool contributions dying process theories colour brought praise known poet artist processes essential process requires material containing water adding textile dyed resulting solution bringing solution extended period measured days weeks stirring occasionally color evenly transferred good color called direct substantive majority plant require use chemical fix color textile called different obtain variety colors shades cloth incorporated traditional common oak bark oak wood ash liquor potassium wood ashes solution shall know chances primitive man discovered salt fruit natural helped fix enhance colours centuries substances salt helps fix increase colors improves reds assists natural aluminum common metallic salt tin copper iron called potassium iron colors tin colors iron contribute fabric deterioration referred additional chemicals applied dying alter reinforce colors dyed raw dyed dyed wool spun dyed hank dyed weaving piece dyed leave wool makes difficult spin wool generally dyed spinning woven cloth requires cloth manufacturers medieval england dyed wool bearing plant dyed cloth weaving produce deep blues reds blacks china japan india pakistan nigeria parts west_africa southeast asia patterned silk cotton produced resist techniques cloth printed wax tied ways prevent penetration cloth piece dyed chinese process dated 10th century traditional techniques include tie strong unpleasant actual process requires good supply fresh water storage areas plant materials kept heated days weeks necessary fuel spaces dry dyed ancient large scale works tended located outskirts populated areas common reds variety plants produce red including number related plants genus native temperate zones world sources good red rose identified tomb elder records growing near rome commercial importance europe cultivated netherlands france red coats military uniforms market collapsed following development synthetic hunting great_britain turkey red strong fast red cotton obtained root complicated process involving oak blood sheep oil solution tin turkey red developed india spread turkey greek workers familiar methods production brought france dutch english spies soon discovered secret version turkey red produced manchester roller printed dress turkey red ground fashionable england 1820s indian native mountains asia japan important asian cotton industry craft popular red southeastern native american additionally use red artists texas louisiana water oak produce red delicate rose color comes pear fruit use red dirt create salmon pink create reds yield create orange seeded tea bark yellow numerous red ones extracted number flowering plants limited evidence suggests use called rocket important ancient mediterranean europe indigenous england brilliant yellow commercial importance europe 18th century derived trees americas inner bark native eastern north_america tree west_indies mexico southeastern woodlands tribes americas yellow root provide rich yellow color basket complex formula yellow employs dock plant likely yellow artists create yellow small snake brown skins rubber plant rose produce pale yellow cream colored plants yield yellow common plants yield green rare ancient times combination yellow produce shades green medieval especially known green lincoln great cloth town high middle ages produced lincoln green cloth associated wool yellow known cloth dyed yellow later produce famous green turn fell fashion 18th century favor brighter saxon green dyed soft olive achieved dyed yellow treated iron dull green cloth common iron age culture shows traces iron possibly colored boiling yellow dyed cloth iron pot indigenous peoples north_america corn bags sea green textile artist developed step process creating green wool dyed yellow soaked black red skins produce green blues blue world derived bearing plants primarily genus native tropics primary commercial species asia true india believed oldest center primary supplier europe early roman era association india reflected greek word romans term passed italian dialect eventually english word important blue temperate climates including europe obtained primarily indigenous plant levant grown years 18th century replaced superior indian imported carried new_england 17th century extensively america native stands discovered florida carolinas sumatra extracted species bearing plants include japan coasts china west african natural india medieval europe purple violet similar colors produced wool piece woven cloth red common luxury produce gave purple shades acid artists traditionally maple create purple derived northern states acid ancient brown wood trees particularly india cotton gives gray iron olive copper black artists produce deep brown approaching black today black primarily past ashes provide brown yellow people hulls wild major translates word signifying soil coloured introduced british uniforms india dyed locally prepared native palm blacks use maple grey create black mineral yellow mixed pitch tree produce cool grey blue flower warm grey bearing produce wide range reds bright found mediterranean_sea ancient recent times important traditions wales ireland scotland native peoples southwest united_states scottish include called england netherlands fungi california pioneered research mushrooms natural discovered mushroom complete rainbow palette swedish american building rice research discovered sources true blues provides yellow fungi paper luxury second millennium 19th century succession rare expensive natural came fashion ancient world europe cases cost far exceeded cost colored finest grades considered worthy best royal purple premier luxury ancient world purple royal purple purple red extracted genera sea primarily currently known greatly prized antiquity fade instead brighter intense sunlight developed west coast crushed shells discovered number locations eastern mediterranean dated millennium classical known derived expensive yields single drop imposed strict monopoly use reign maintained succeeding byzantine_empire early middle ages imperial manuscripts purple text silver gold born purple term byzantine offspring reigning emperor color matched increasingly rare purple rock associated imperial family crimson scarlet purple retained place premium europe replaced status rich crimson reds new silk weaving centers italy colored extracted dried eggs insect found species oak especially oak mediterranean region ancient origin found cave burial similar extracted related insects armenian region polish blood eastern_europe producing insects india southeast_asia china dyed achieved prominence century called grain western european languages eggs resemble fine grains wheat sand dyed described dyed grain frequently dyed piece dyed producing wide range colors blacks 14th early 15th century brilliant grain scarlet far color luxury low countries england france spain italy scale insect central north_america crimson coloured derived maya peoples 15th century collected tribute form bags soon spanish conquest empire began exported spain seventeenth century traded far away india colonial period production spanish grew rapidly produced exclusively indigenous producers mexico second valued export silver produces colors brilliant tin produced stronger smaller quantities replaced general use europe 17th century rise formal black course 15th century civic records brilliant reds falling fashion civic high status favor dark blues important black origins trend somber colors elusive generally attributed growing influence spain possibly spanish trend spread century low countries german states scandinavia england france italy absorbed formal influence spanish dress producing fast black middle ages complicated process involving multiple followed dawn early modern period new superior method black reached europe spanish conquests new world new method native mexico central_america poorly received producing blue inferior discovered produce fast black combination despite changing color widely 19th century providing sober blacks formal mourning clothes decline synthetic discovered mid-19th century starting derived coal tar red present natural pigment leading collapse market naturally grown development new strongly colored followed quickly range reddish blues reds available great affinity animal wool silk new colors tended fade wash inexpensive produced vast quantities required textile production industrial revolution 1870s commercial natural fast disappearing time pre artist founding figure arts crafts movement took art manufacturing business design firm heart morris colors produced fashionable spent time works mastering processes plant materials making experiments revival old discovery new methods result experiments practical industry generally renew use natural like driven use commercial success morris saw necessary preliminary production woven printed highest excellence period work followed period absorbed production especially revival weaving fine arts provided naturally dyed style called art scientists continued search new synthetic effective like cotton wool silk early produced muted fast color range followed acid animal synthesis germany work led development new class called produced wide range fast colors vegetable disperse introduced color new colored existing today disperse effective means coloring wool cotton introduced mid-1950s commercial textile production craft america synthetic popular wide range native american textile artists natural remained use textile collectors prefer natural today natural materials practiced weaving remains living craft traditional cultures north_america africa asia scottish highlands
Natural dye