rock rock known large bird family native cloud forests south_america widely regarded national bird peru subspecies closest relative rock rock exhibits marked sexual male large disk like crest scarlet brilliant orange plumage female significantly darker gatherings males compete breeding females male displaying colourful plumage making variety calls mating female makes nest rocky eggs young rock eats diet fruit supplemented insects amphibians reptiles smaller mice distributed cloud forest having range km2 affected destruction habitat rock classified threatened taxonomy etymology species genus rock rock described english classified family largely tropical forest generic derived latin stems rock cliff inhabiting derived habit nesting rock walls specific epithet peru masculine despite ending genus latin names masculine seen older works subspecies known nominate subspecies description rock large approximately long weighing grams males somewhat larger heaviest specimens reach grams birds birds species exhibit marked sexual male large disk like crest brilliant scarlet orange plumage black tail wings pale female significantly male prominent crest bill yellowish male dark small yellow tip female depending gender subspecies significant variations colour iris ranging red orange yellow bluish white male whitish reddish brown female addition display calls described breeding section foraging birds loud tank disturbed flight distribution habitat rock distributed cloud forests lives large range km2 venezuela colombia ecuador forested streams areas elevation typically stays lower middle forest levels range higher fruiting trees enter cross generally shy seen briefly swiftly flying valley widespread subspecies ranging nominate subspecies small range stretching ranges subspecies range behavior food feeding diet consists mainly fruit insects small reptiles frogs recorded fruits consumed plant families plant families reported diet species recorded following army ants occasionally eat high protein fruits prefer eat fruits menu breeding male rock nesting mating male energy instead devoted elaborate display rituals magnificent plumage displays place communal males gather challenge rivals females males easily disturbed behavior easy study reported display activity dependent light intensity morning display period occurring light intensity level afternoon period males observed break pairs performing confrontation displays consists facing jumping wings snapping bills time giving calls female approaches intense display turns bright color activity filling air strange sounds breeding takes place different times year different areas colombia breeding normally happens february july ecuador breeding interval spans july february nesting nests built entirely female mud cave entrances rocky forest nests constructed females mixed vegetable matter mud nest shaped like concave cup female typically lays white eggs females eggs days impact environment rocks influence environment found white capped renovated abandoned rock nest lay eggs rocks change surrounding flora seed dispersal seeds birds found deposited nesting sites growth seeds diversity types seeds found increased nests decreased surrounding forest predators rock face slightly larger predators smaller predators attracted conspicuous behavior displaying males animals reported prey adult rock including hawk eagles hawks forest jaguar mountain lion relationship humans rock regarded national bird peru juveniles adults occasionally pets conservation worldwide population size trends population numbers determined believed rock threatened species evaluated concern iucn red list threatened species despite habitat destruction distributed range large sustain concern status
Andean cock-of-the-rock