international economic social cultural rights international economic social cultural rights treaty adopted december force january commits parties work granting economic social cultural rights non self governing trust territories individuals including labour rights right health right education right adequate standard living parties countries including united_states signed ratified international bill human rights universal declaration human rights including second monitored genesis roots process led universal declaration human rights declaration essential rights man proposed led founding united_nations given task drafting early process document split declaration setting forth general principles human rights convention containing binding commitments evolved adopted december drafting continued convention remained significant differences members relative importance negative civil political versus positive economic social cultural rights eventually caused convention split separate contain civil political rights contain economic social cultural rights contain similar provisions possible opened signature simultaneously contain article right peoples self determination states parties present including having responsibility administration shall promote realization right self determination shall respect right provisions charter united_nations document second drafts presented discussion adopted summary follows structure thirty articles divided parts article recognises right peoples self determination including right freely determine political status pursue economic social cultural goals manage dispose resources recognises negative right people deprived means obligation parties responsible non self governing trust territories colonies encourage respect self determination articles establishes principle progressive requires rights recognised discrimination kind race colour sex language religion political opinion national social origin property birth status rights limited law manner compatible nature rights purpose promoting general welfare democratic society articles lists rights include rights work favourable conditions right form join trade unions articles social security including social insurance article family life including paid parental leave protection children article adequate standard living including adequate food clothing housing continuous improvement living conditions article health specifically highest standard physical mental health article education including free universal primary education generally available secondary education equally accessible higher education directed development human personality sense dignity enable persons participate effectively society articles participation cultural life article rights include specific actions undertaken realise articles reporting monitoring steps taken parties implement allows monitoring body originally general recommendations appropriate measures realise rights article articles ratification entry force amendment core provisions principle progressive article duty parties steps maximum available resources view achieving progressively realization rights recognized present appropriate means including particularly adoption legislative measures known principle progressive acknowledges rights example right health difficult practice achieve short period time states subject resource constraints requires act best means principle differs parties respect ensure individuals territory subject jurisdiction rights convention render meaningless requirement steps continuing obligation work rights rules deliberately measures goal interprets principle imposing minimum core obligations provide minimum essential levels rights resources highly constrained include use targeted programmes aimed vulnerable regards legislation means realising rights unlikely limited resource constraints anti discrimination provisions establishment rights judicial national legal systems considered appropriate means provisions anti discrimination laws required human rights instruments labor rights article recognises right work defined opportunity gain living freely chosen accepted work parties required appropriate steps safeguard right including technical training economic policies aimed steady economic development ultimately employment right implies parties guarantee equal access employment protect workers deprived employment prevent discrimination workplace ensure access fact work freely chosen accepted means parties prohibit forced child labor work referred article decent work effectively defined article recognises right favourable working conditions turn defined fair wages equal pay equal work sufficient provide decent living workers safe working conditions equal opportunity workplace sufficient rest leisure including limited working hours regular paid holidays article recognises right workers form join trade unions protects right strike allows rights restricted members armed forces police government administrators parties placed reservations clause allowing interpreted manner consistent china mexico extending restriction union rights groups firefighters japan right social security article recognizes right social security including social insurance requires parties provide form social insurance scheme protect people risks sickness disability employment injury unemployment old age provide survivors afford health care ensure families adequately supported benefits scheme adequate accessible provided discrimination restrict form scheme non schemes community based mutual schemes noted persistent problems implementation right low levels access parties including france reservations allowing set residence requirements order qualify social benefits permits restrictions provided reasonable right family life article recognises family natural fundamental group unit society requires parties accord widest possible protection assistance parties ensure citizens free establish families marriages freely contracted forced parties provide paid leave adequate social security mothers obligation overlaps article finally parties special measures protect children economic social exploitation including setting minimum age employment barring children dangerous harmful right adequate standard living article recognises right adequate standard living includes limited right adequate food clothing housing continuous improvement living conditions creates obligation parties work eliminate world hunger right adequate food referred right food interpreted requiring availability food quantity quality sufficient satisfy needs individuals free adverse substances acceptable given culture accessible implying obligation provide special programmes vulnerable ensure distribution world food supplies relation need taking account problems food food countries right adequate food implies right water right adequate housing referred right housing right live security peace dignity requires adequate privacy adequate space adequate security adequate lighting ventilation adequate basic infrastructure adequate location regard work basic facilities reasonable cost parties ensure security tenure access free discrimination progressively work eliminate forced defined permanent temporary removal individuals families communities homes land occupy provision access appropriate forms legal protection violation right adequate clothing referred right clothing defined received little way academic commentary international discussion considered adequate discussed specific contexts refugees disabled elderly workers right health article recognises right enjoyment highest standard physical mental health health understood right healthy right control ones health body including reproduction free interference torture medical experimentation states protect right ensuring jurisdiction access underlying health clean water food nutrition housing comprehensive system healthcare available discrimination economically accessible article requires parties specific steps improve health citizens including reducing infant mortality improving child health improving environmental workplace health preventing controlling treating epidemic diseases creating conditions ensure equal timely access medical services considered non examples complete statement parties obligations right health interpreted requiring parties respect women reproductive rights limiting access intentionally information sexual health ensure women protected harmful traditional practices female right health inclusive right extending timely appropriate health care underlying health access safe water adequate adequate supply safe food nutrition housing healthy environmental conditions right free education article recognises right free education free primary level progressive introduction free education secondary higher levels directed development human personality sense dignity enable persons participate effectively society education seen human right means realizing human rights longest important articles article lists number specific steps parties required pursue realise right education include provision free universal compulsory primary education generally available accessible secondary education forms including technical training equally accessible higher education available discrimination parties develop school system public private mixed encourage provide scholarships groups parties required education free levels immediately progressively education shall compulsory available free secondary education shall generally available accessible appropriate means particular progressive introduction free education education shall equally accessible basis capacity appropriate means particular progressive introduction free education articles require parties respect educational freedom parents allowing choose establish private educational institutions children referred freedom education recognises right parents ensure religious moral education children convictions interpreted requiring public schools respect freedom religion conscience students forbidding instruction particular religion belief system non alternatives available interpret requiring states respect academic freedom staff students vital educational process considers corporal punishment schools inconsistent underlying principle dignity individual article requires parties established system free compulsory primary education rapidly adopt detailed plan action introduction reasonable number years right participation cultural life article recognises right participate cultural life enjoy benefits scientific progress benefit protection moral material rights scientific discovery artistic work created clause seen requiring protection intellectual property interprets primarily protecting moral rights authors ing personal character creation human mind ensuing link creators creations requires parties respect right authors recognised creator work material rights interpreted right adequate standard living need extend entire lifespan author parties work promote conservation development science culture respect freedom scientific research creative activity encourage international contacts cooperation fields reservations number parties reservations application algeria interprets parts article protecting liberty parents freely choose establish suitable educational institutions right freely organize educational system bangladesh interprets self determination clause article applying historical context reserves right interpret labour rights articles non discrimination clauses context constitution domestic law belgium interprets non discrimination national origin necessarily implying obligation states automatically guarantee foreigners rights nationals term understood refer elimination arbitrary behaviour differences treatment based objective reasonable considerations principles prevailing democratic societies china labour rights article manner consistent constitution domestic law egypt accepts extent conflict law primary source legislation article suspended constitution provisional constitutional declaration france views charter reserves right govern access aliens employment social security benefits india interprets right self determination applying peoples foreign domination apply peoples sovereign nation states interprets limitation rights clause rights equal opportunity workplace context constitution indonesia interprets self determination clause article context international law applying peoples sovereign nation state ireland reserves right promote irish language japan reserved right bound progressively introduce free secondary higher education right strike public servant public holidays kuwait interprets non discrimination clauses constitution laws reserves right social security apply reserves right strikes mexico labour rights article context constitution laws interprets principle non discrimination grounds national origin necessarily implying automatic obligation states guarantee foreigners rights nationals reserves right set residence requirements rights work health education social security new_zealand reserved right apply article right form join trade unions existing measures time included compulsory encouraged arbitration disputes incompatible norway reserves right strike allow compulsory arbitration labour disputes pakistan general reservation interpret framework constitution thailand interprets right self determination framework international law trinidad reserves right restrict right strike engaged essential turkey implement subject charter reserves right interpret implement right parents choose establish educational institutions manner compatible constitution united_kingdom views charter reservations overseas territories united_states writes united_states signed carter administration fully bound ratified political reasons carter administration push necessary review senate advice consent treaty reagan took view economic social cultural rights rights merely desirable social goals object binding treaties deny nature rights find politically engage battle congress administration followed line view previous bush administration obama administration stated administration seek action time critical conservative think tank argues signing introduction policies opposes universal health care optional protocol optional protocol agreement allows parties recognise consider complaints individuals adopted december opened signature september february signed parties ratified having passed threshold required entered force body human rights experts tasked monitoring implementation consists independent human rights experts elected year terms half members elected years unlike human rights monitoring bodies committee established treaty oversees established following failure previous monitoring bodies states parties required submit regular reports committee outlining legislative judicial policy measures taken implement rights affirmed report years reports years committee examines report addresses concerns recommendations form concluding observations committee typically meets november geneva parties states members signed ratified cuba burma united_states_of_america signed ratified antigua fiji haiti malaysia marshall saint singapore south non members taiwan republic china holy
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights