pronunciation indonesian technique wax resist applied cloth cloth technique drawing dots lines resist tool called spelled printing resist copper stamp called cap spelled applied wax allows colour cloth colour removing wax boiling water repeating multiple colours desired tradition making found countries including indonesia malaysia singapore india bangladesh sri_lanka philippines nigeria indonesia best known indonesian island java long history diverse patterns influenced variety cultures developed terms pattern technique quality october designated indonesian etymology word origin come word write dot derive hypothetical root tattoo word recorded english spelled attested dutch colonial period forms history wax resist fabric ancient art form existed egypt 4th century wrap soaked wax stylus asia technique practised china dynasty india japan period africa originally practised tribe nigeria african version uses rice paste mud resist instead art highly developed island java indonesia java materials process readily available cotton plants different vegetable indonesian written records argues technique introduced 6th 7th century india sri_lanka hand dutch archaeologist indonesian archaeologist believe indonesian native tradition regions indonesia directly influenced age old tradition making reported pattern known 12th century concluded delicate pattern created tool holds small reservoir hot wax proposed invented java time carving details clothes worn east statues 13th century intricate floral patterns rounded margins similar today traditional motif motif thought represent lotus sacred flower hindu buddhist beliefs evidence suggests intricate fabric patterns applied existed 13th century java earlier europe technique described time history java published london british governor island dutch merchant gave pieces collected trip indonesia museum today houses biggest collection indonesian netherlands dutch chinese colonists active developing particularly coastal late colonial era introduced new patterns use cap copper block stamps mass produce displayed paris indonesian impressed public artists 1920s makers migrating malaya malaysia introduced use wax copper blocks east coast introduced 19th century dutch english traders local people adapted making larger motifs thicker lines colours 1970s introduced australia artists developed craft technique firstly cloth washed soaked beaten large patterns drawn pencil later hot wax usually mixture bees wax mixed plant functions resist wax applied variety tools pen like instrument called spelled old dutch common small copper reservoir wooden handle reservoir holds resist flows creating dots lines moves larger patterns stiff brush alternatively copper block stamp called cap old spelling cover large areas efficiently cloth dry resist removed boiling cloth areas treated resist original colour resist removed contrast dyed areas forms pattern process repeated times number colours desired traditional type called written drawn cloth need drawn sides bath times process year yields considerably finer patterns stamped culture indonesia indonesian patterns symbolic carried decorated symbols designed bring child luck certain designs reserved families designs reserved royalties banned worn consequently person rank determined pattern wore study geometry symbolism indonesian showed geometry traditional designs play central role certain rituals ceremonial casting royal volcano ceremony mother wrapped seven layers wishing good things prominent ceremony child touches earth time october designated indonesian insisted indonesia preserve heritage popularity popularity indonesia varied historically essential ceremonial costumes worn dress commonly worn day use recorded 12th century textile strong source identity crossing religious racial cultural boundaries industry java flourished late 1800s early 1900s declined japanese occupation indonesia declined indonesian independence people chose western clothes industry somewhat revived turn 21st century efforts indonesian fashion designers incorporating new colours patterns fashion item seen shirts dresses casual wear preferred replacement jacket tie certain traditional occasions recognition indonesian october indonesian administration asked wear wearing friday encouraged government offices private companies october celebrated indonesia helped improve small business local economy sales indonesia reached million increase value exports increased million million popular neighbouring countries singapore malaysia produced malaysia similar identical methods indonesia prior recognition following controversy indonesia malaysia disputed ownership culture museum argued malaysian printed wax century different tradition fine traditional indonesian produced centuries featured national airline uniforms countries represented prints worn flight female uniform indonesia flight modern interpretation style motifs terminology traditionally sold metre lengths worn wrapping hip hat known cloth filled continuously single pattern divided sections certain patterns certain sections cloth example row forming motif diagonal floral motifs called commonly head occasionally found body motifs flower birds commonly head body head rectangular section cloth worn head section middle cloth placed ends inside head determine cloth body main cloth filled wide variety patterns body divided alternating patterns colours called sore dawn dusk brighter pattern shown day darker pattern shown evening alternating colours impression sets margins plain floral lace like patterns lines described dragon common area types region traditional pattern commonly distinguished region originated solo java distinguished general pattern colours inland coastal fall categories referred region mapping designs places indonesia depicts similarities reflects cultural designs inland court oldest form tradition known java inland colour black brown brown yellow colour tree white background symbolic patterns free outside influence certain patterns reserved royalty worn specific occasions wedding example bride wears specific patterns stage ceremony noted inland produced solo cities traditionally regarded centre culture typically background preserved typically white background preserved coastal produced areas northern java contrast inland coastal vibrant colours patterns inspired wide range cultures consequence maritime trading recurring motifs include european flower chinese phoenix persian noted coastal produced active industry notable sub type coastal called attributed particular region japanese occupation indonesia early industry greatly declined material shortages workshops funded japanese able produce extremely fine called common motifs includes japanese cherry butterflies coastal called lands attributed regions solo red blue respectively produced city term region use wide range colours preference seen variants natural oldest known java local lent river kingdom suggests ancient major producer natural noted produced traditions include influenced developed independently older tradition employs bright colours represents revival lost art rediscovered archaeological work motifs locations places identified employs colour shades ranged bluish black deep blue traditionally worn type similar people trade relations coastal cities 13th century coastal northern java probably influenced revived declining industry village district known producing influenced malaysian people produce called clay use clay fabric fabric immersed clay day later designed motifs animal flora city west coast sumatra called literary means letters draw inspiration arabic making island relatively new fast growing industry patterns inspired local designs favoured local domestic tourists objects nature flowers birds fishes daily activities dancer religious mythological creatures winged lion common modern artists express freely wide range subjects contemporary limited traditional ritual wearing designers promote elegant fabric casual formal cloth high class like hand social status malaysia mentioned 17th century annals legend goes ordered sail india buy pieces cloth types flowers depicted unable find fulfilled requirements explained return unfortunately ship sank managed bring pieces earning displeasure sultan method malaysian making different indonesian pattern larger simpler occasional use create intricate patterns relies heavily brush painting apply colours colours tend lighter vibrant deep coloured popular motifs leaves flowers malaysian displays plants flowers avoid interpretation human animal images accordance local islamic doctrine butterfly theme common exception india indians known use resist method printing designs cotton traced years initially wax rice printing recently dresses tailored modern applied numerous items murals wall paintings household brighter patterns contemporary making india deaf women delhi women fluent work programs sri_lanka past century making sri_lanka firmly established industry small scale industry employ individual design talent mainly deals foreign customers profit visible island crafts galleries factories large small having sprung tourist areas rows small stalls selling found road strip hand famous factories china ethnic people south west china people use resist method traditional costumes traditional costumes decorative achieve pattern weaving wax resist cotton applying hot wax cloth cloth skirts panels jackets baby carriers like traditional patterns contain symbolism patterns include dragon phoenix flowers africa africa originally imported dutch merchants indonesia paste mud resist instead wax developed resist skills found nigeria methods resist involves tied uses paste paste rice ingredients boiled produce smooth thick paste use paste resist people uses rice paste people use mud resist gallery indonesian processing people wearing
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