commonly known mushroom family genus fruit body cap dull golden shade yellow typically diameter cap surface sticky moist characterized white easily detached initially convex mature flesh white change colour cut gills white closely spaced stem pale yellow measures long thick partial veil covers young fruit body turns ring stem maturity spore print white spores roughly elliptical measure species mycorrhizal fungus widespread americas europe grow singly scattered groups prefers habitats like coniferous mixed forests alongside paths fruits summer fall toxic mushroom species genera confused european species resembles false death cap cap mushrooms cap brighter color yellow taxonomy phylogeny species described scientifically swedish mycologist botanist transferred genus french species transferred genera history resulting number synonyms including var authority considers published synonymous characteristics fall limits range expected genus classified subgenus section series places species informal ranking species level believe different molecular studies based sequences large gene mitochondrial small gene clade close relatives mushroom commonly known european description fruit bodies colored yellow overall fresh cap ranging color dull yellow golden yellow buff sticky moist white cap surface usually easily washed away rain placed randomly tend concentrated center cap typically diameter initially convex maturity flesh white shows change gills white close little intervening space pale yellowish stem long thick roughly equal width slightly thicker base young mushrooms partial veil extending upper stem cap margin mushroom grows partial veil tears leave skirt like easily lost ring stem base stem white remnant universal veil covered immature mushroom usually forms small free rim spore prints white distinctive microscopic characteristics ellipsoid broadly ellipsoid spores measuring average ratio fraction length width spores smooth thin walled contain small oil basidia spore bearing cells hymenium usually spored club shaped measure gill tissue meaning cells parallel near center gill bend near end gill hyphae tissue cylindrical inflated thin walled hyaline translucent yellowish measure wide hyphae central strand narrower typically cylindrical hyphae layer tissue directly hymenium interwoven hyphae branched cylindrical slightly inflated hyaline wide hyphae cap cuticle interwoven arranged cylindrical wide thin walled hyaline yellowish mounted potassium cap tissue interwoven hyphae cylindrical somewhat inflated wide thin walled branched hyaline yellowish abundant apex stem club shaped cylindrical thin walled hyaline measure wide tissue comprises interwoven cylindrical hyphae measuring wide inflated spherical cells present tissue club shaped dimensions cap surface remnants universal veil comprise loosely interwoven cylindrical inflated thin walled hyphae wide tissue hyaline tissue interwoven cylindrical hyaline hyphae wide roughly spherical hyaline measure abundant region cap cuticle cells scattered width clamp connections rare hyphae present gill tissue cap tissue similar species numerous forms north_america tend mycologist described species confused times past according mediterranean species synonymous similar appearance larger according measurements cap stem dimensions fell range expected reason taxa considered suggest mediterranean collections frequent historical native italian species described distinct species mushroom ranging japan china unlike differences species include slightly smaller spores differences cap suspected presence acid generally symptoms poisoning appear hours mushroom visual stomach pain irregular slow heart beat severe cases involving coma death extremely rare ecology habitat distribution mycorrhizal fungus meaning forms mutually beneficial relationship roots compatible host plants association plant provides fungus carbon source fungus provides plant benefits nutrients protection collaborators document mycorrhizal associations pine maritime pine spain fungus sandy slightly acidic soils found association mushroom grows singly scattered groups coniferous mixed forests especially paths roads species distributed areas asia americas europe fruits summer fall fall winter california widely distributed species cluster north_america found far south mexico species reported dominican_republic south_america known chile asia mushroom collected iran china
Amanita gemmata