holocaust denial holocaust denial act denying genocide jews groups holocaust world war holocaust denial includes following claims nazi_germany aimed jews include jews nazi authorities use camps gas chambers mass murder jews actual number jews killed significantly typically order magnitude lower historically accepted figure million scholars use term denial describe views holocaust order distinguish legitimate historical challenge orthodox interpretations history established historical holocaust generally accept term denial appropriate description activities use term instead holocaust based conclusion ignores overwhelming historical evidence contrary holocaust denial claims imply openly state holocaust hoax arising deliberate jewish conspiracy advance interest jews expense peoples reason holocaust denial generally considered conspiracy theory frequently criticized illegal countries terminology etymology holocaust prefer refer work historical object referred scholars consider misleading methods holocaust denial differ legitimate historical revision legitimate historical explained resolution adopted november reprinted november response advertisement produced holocaust historians constantly engaged historical revision certainly correct historians different advertisement historical revision major events concerned events concerns historical interpretation causes consequences generally gave examples legitimate historical examination accepted history newly discovered accurate biased information applied study holocaust new facts emerge change historical understanding main features holocaust clearly visible blind historians turned attention aspects story evidence incomplete ambiguous minor matters means turn issues hitler role event jewish responses persecution reactions inside outside nazi controlled europe contrast holocaust denial movement bases approach idea holocaust understood mainstream historiography occur referred french term introduced holocaust attempt rewrite history denying simply ignoring essential facts writes means denial historical crimes humanity known facts denial known facts term gained currency movement deny specific crime humanity nazi genocide jews known holocaust greek complete burning hebrew disaster identified effort writing history way fact holocaust omitted background claim post war holocaust historiography efforts conceal historical record german efforts second world war underway nazis formed plan case defeat carry total destruction german records historians documented evidence germany defeat imminent nazi leaders realized likely captured brought trial great effort destroy evidence mass instructed camp destroy records signs mass examples bodies jews soldiers command shot near late dug burned similar operations undertaken death camps infamous speeches october october explicitly referred jews europe stated genocide permanently kept secret want refer frankly difficult matter openly talk discuss publicly june perform duty ordered comrades failed wall execute spoke speak let thank god self evident discuss talked horrified clearly understood time order given necessary referring evacuation jews jewish people french collaboration archive destruction occupied france situation respect preserving war records better partly result french state secrecy rules dating war aimed protecting french government state embarrassing revelations partly avoid example liberation police destroyed nearly massive archive jewish arrest efforts preserve historical record war earliest efforts occurred france war camp records carefully preserved turned new french war victims held secret refusing release copies later anticipating need center document preserve memory persecution historical reasons support claims post war gathered representatives jewish organizations italian occupation time order form centre documentation exposure meant death penalty result little actually happened liberation work began center moved paris late renamed immediate post war period general commander anticipated someday attempt documentation nazi crimes propaganda took steps day saw horror camp near town able describe emotional reactions came face face evidence nazi brutality ruthless disregard time known generally secondary sources certain time experienced equal sense shock visited camp felt duty position testify hand things case grew home belief assumption stories nazi brutality propaganda members visiting party unable ordeal soon returned headquarters evening sent communications washington london urging governments send instantly germany random group newspaper editors representative groups national felt evidence immediately placed american british fashion leave room cynical doubt finding victims death camps ordered possible photographs taken german people surrounding villages camps bury dead wrote following general marshall visiting german camp near germany visual evidence verbal testimony starvation cruelty leave bit sick room thirty naked men killed starvation enter said sick visit deliberately order position hand evidence things future develops tendency charge allegations merely propaganda trials trials took place germany stated aim justice retribution atrocities german government allied intention administer justice post war announced declaration german atrocities reiterated conference berlin intention specifically preserve historical record holocaust core documents required prosecute cases provided huge archives transferred trials core future holocaust historiography trials important historically events recent television infancy present little public impact isolated moments limited public awareness hollywood films diary anne frank judgment footage actual scenes liberated nazi concentration camps including scenes piles naked corpses laid rows large pits considered exceptionally graphic time public awareness changed trial world attention years later trial adolf israeli government captured argentina brought israel stand trial war crimes chief prosecutor intentions demonstrate guilt personally present material entire holocaust producing comprehensive record israeli government arranged trial prominent media coverage major newspapers globe sent reporters published page coverage story opportunity watch live television broadcasts proceedings flown daily united_states broadcast following day history development holocaust denial world war time mainstream american historian assumed holocaust denial stance later years world war world war barnes anti war writer leader historical movement starting american worked closely german government funded think tank sole purpose official government position germany victim allied aggression versailles treaty morally invalid headed major activist organization portrayed scholarly society historians later described officially desirable views outbreak war following world war barnes convinced allegations germany japan including holocaust wartime propaganda justify involvement world war barnes claimed false claims world war germany started war holocaust barnes claimed happen pamphlet barnes claimed lack opposition challenge stories modes german national character conduct barnes argued failure point atrocities allies brutal painful mortal numerous extreme allegations germans claimed order justify second world war allies nazis barnes cited french holocaust barnes called distinguished french historian exposed stories article published american mercury barnes wrote courageous author lays chief blame israeli politicians derive marks mythical imaginary numbers unusually distorted manner source barnes claimed germany victim aggression reports holocaust propaganda justify war aggression germany beginnings modern denial movement protégé barnes published der forced war west_germany claimed germany victim anglo polish conspiracy der primarily concerned origins world war played justified effects nazi measures period example justified huge billion mark fine imposed entire jewish community germany reasonable measure prevent called jewish expense german insurance companies alleged jews killed fact german jews killed subsequently explicitly denied holocaust book entitled myth million published small los_angeles publisher specializing literature french historian published drama european jews concentration camp survivor held having helped french jews escape nazis modern day continue cite works scholarly research questions accepted facts holocaust critics argued cite evidence claims ignored information contradicted remains influential holocaust denial circles propose vast conspiracy faked holocaust theme picked later years authors publication hoax twentieth century case presumed hitler war brought similarly inclined individuals fold associate professor electrical engineering december january french professor literature wrote letters claiming gas chambers nazis jews exist colleague initially shared views later convinced holocaust evidence investigating documents published conclusions underlying evidence book technique operation gas chambers president described view holocaust embarrassment northwestern colleagues faculty signed describing holocaust denial humanity standards scholars letter called leave department university stop trading reputation academic excellence founded organization dedicated publicly challenging commonly accepted history holocaust sought beginning establish broad tradition historical token supporters neo nazi background promoting writings french socialist american anti war historian attempt holocaust denial base support neo nazis republished barnes writings print death included articles topics sold books mainstream historians majority material published distributed devoted questioning facts surrounding holocaust promised reward prove jews wrote letter editors including wrote offering proof jews fact gas chambers turn submitted account witnessed nazi guards mother sisters learned later gas chamber number despite refused pay reward represented public interest attorney subsequently sued breach contract libel denial established fact intentional emotional distress relief case october parties case filed motions summary judgment consideration judge took judicial notice fact jews death concentration camp poland summer judicial notice meaning court treated gas chambers common knowledge require evidence gas chambers existed august judge entered judgment based agreed parties july judgment required defendants pay issue letter apology survivor survivors pain suffering caused statement website states deny holocaust position specific event necessarily agree content outlook posted distributed website presentations given meetings conferences example holocaust view published speech lutheran pastor says dispute fact large numbers jews deported concentration camps jews died killed world war scholars presented evidence able showing german program europe jews estimate million jewish wartime dead irresponsible holocaust alleged million jews hoax recognized christians informed honest men commentators historians noted misleading nature statements holocaust writes question denies holocaust appears turn word game word holocaust according associate editor director holocaust mean political persecution jews scattered killings mean cruel thing happened denies says holocaust means systematic million jews concentration camps think evidence doesn deny holocaust happened deny word holocaust means people use according british historian germany like individual holocaust institute body denied involved holocaust denial called completely facts scholars british historian acknowledge hundreds thousands jews killed perished second world war direct indirect result harsh anti jewish policies germany allies concession relatively small number jews killed routinely holocaust distract attention far important fact refusal admit figure ran millions large proportion victims systematically murdered shooting media director founded united_states repeatedly tried place advertisements questioning holocaust happened especially college campus newspapers rejected sought avenues promote holocaust denial little success september school paper ran paid quickly criticized apology issued editor claiming mistake smith referred tactics campus project says don want spend time adults anymore want students superficial vessels filled wanted wanted set forth ideas students interested cause think things questions things wanted simple possible set way debated holocaust placed page advertisements college university newspapers including ads arguing holocaust happened ran comment generated pieces professors students canadian high school teacher charged canadian criminal code promoting hatred identifiable group communicating anti semitic statements students class describe jews people profound evil created holocaust gain sympathy tested students exams theories opinion jews charged criminal code provides communicating statements private conversation promotes hatred identifiable group commits criminal offence convicted trial queen bench court rejected argument advanced lawyer promoting hatred protected freedom expression canadian charter rights freedoms appealed appeal court agreed acquitted crown appealed case rule majority promoting hatred restricted charter supreme_court restored conviction fired teaching position shortly trials toronto based photo operated small press called published distributed holocaust denial material million die pseudonym british neo nazi tried convicted false news law sentenced months imprisonment ontario court publishing material denying holocaust holocaust historian witness prosecution trial conviction overturned appeal legal leading second trial convicted trial included witnesses defense pseudo scientific report presented defense document published canada britain trials defended conviction overturned declared false news law unconstitutional website web mastered wife viewpoints january delivered ruling complaint involving website found court ordered cease communicating hate messages february american ins arrested tennessee usa immigration violations matter days later sent canada tried gain refugee status remained prison march deported germany prosecuted hate propaganda february convicted counts germany law hatred portion population given maximum sentence years prison german philosopher historian starting 1980s advanced set theories denying holocaust appeared holocaust denial historical argument letter israeli historian december criticized work french holocaust ground holocaust occur went argue work motivated claimed admirable motives sympathy opposition israel book der claimed intentions holocaust honourable claims obviously foundation denied occurrence holocaust claimed happened minutes conference post war biased jewish historians designed discredit germany british historian argued operating holocaust denial implied claim negative myth created jewish historians allegations domination holocaust scholarship biased jewish historians statements judgment holocaust takes considerable pains stress exclusively germans opinion attempting imply holocaust interview implied report holocaust clear public object scientific inquiry controversy given credit finally turned number victims greater procedures horrific assumed book points contention praised work holocaust superior mainstream scholars wrote radical presented research familiar source material critique sources probably superior established historians germany interview magazine stated rule importance investigation gas chambers looked remnants chemical process course study nazi gas given attention stay open ideas british historian book hitler shadow expressed view reputation scholar ruins result controversial statements american historian interview stated historians ways dangerous anti order attempts hitler saying worse careful deny holocaust holocaust life comfortable radical pulled center little consequently radical finds closer middle ground makes dangerous mayer controversy american historian published book entitled heavens explicitly deny holocaust lent support holocaust denial stating people died victims natural causes disease mayer cited works holocaust book critics criticized mayer citation argued statements incorrect holocaust expert noted mayer book close mainstream historian come supporting holocaust denial holocaust cited mayer book reason embracing holocaust denial mayer condemned statement reasons death toll book deny use gas chambers holocaust claim mainstream holocaust historians labeled mayer israeli historian wrote mayer nonsense nazis saw main enemy jews unfortunately got caught links destruction jews ups downs german warfare soviet_union book need proper scientific apparatus engaging subtle form holocaust denial defenders mayer argue statement sources study gas chambers rare unreliable taken context particularly holocaust observe statement taken asserts destroyed majority relating operation gas chambers death camps mayer feels sources operation gas chambers rare unreliable american resident canada disturbed efforts organizations like suppress speech holocaust feeling better confront openly try censor began campaign truth fact evidence working participants uncover factual information holocaust counter arguments proving based misleading evidence false statements outright lies founded expose activities holocaust responded personal attacks death threats libel case book denying holocaust sharply criticized holocaust including british author deliberately evidence justify conclusions filed libel suit publisher american historian expert witness defense wrote comprehensive essay court evidence reality holocaust cross examination effectively countered principal arguments contrary cambridge historian defense expert witness spent years examining writings confirmed including evidence forged documents source material judge justice ultimately delivered long decisive verdict favor referred holocaust right wing pro nazi february convicted austria holocaust denial illegal speech denied existence gas chambers aware outstanding arrest warrant chose austria lecture far right student fraternity pleaded guilty charge said mistaken changed opinions holocaust said based knowledge time came papers wasn saying anymore wouldn nazis murder millions jews served months year sentence austrian prison including period arrest conviction deported early episode sparked intense international debate limits freedom speech hearing sentence said happy censorship wins don believe winning battles censorship way fighting holocaust history truth according cnn return repeat views denying holocaust led conviction stating felt need longer remorse holocaust views recent developments trends february japanese magazine named circulation monthly published ran holocaust denial article physician stated holocaust execution gas chambers concentration camp today displayed gas chambers remains camp poland post war polish communist regime soviet_union controlled country territory controlled germans second world war mass murder jews gas chambers los_angeles based instigated boycott including days shut editor quit president turkey islamic preacher distributed thousands copies book originally published previous year entitled holocaust lie texts american european schools colleges publication sparked public debate book claims presented holocaust death jews plague war famine end war caused defeat germans march turkish painter intellectual published strongly critique book daily newspaper black white legal suit brought trial september exposed real author book suit withdrawn march france holocaust denial prominent 1990s movement existed ultra left french politics 1960s led figures involved 1960s recently elements extreme far right france begun build arguments span holocaust cover range views incorporating attempts tie holocaust biblical massacre critiques material called designed belgium vice president country largest political parties named gave interview dutch cast doubt number jews murdered nazis holocaust interview questioned scale nazis use gas chambers authenticity diary response media assault following interview forced resign position vowed remain active party years later convicted racism chose immediately legally reformed new flemish interest leaders membership holocaust denial arab world holocaust promoted figures media holocaust denial sponsored middle eastern governments including iran syria prominent arab figures middle_east rarely publicized visits israel arab community exception visited following previous visit arab israeli group arab israeli writers individuals syrian government number palestinian groups engaged aspects holocaust denial writing washington_post reported respected holocaust research institution recently reported egypt saudi_arabia promote holocaust denial protect holocaust leaders promoted holocaust denial held holocaust occurred action nazis funded press release april called holocaust alleged invented story basis august refused allow palestinian children learn holocaust called lie invented referred holocaust education war crime told german newspaper person simple takes seriously lie million jews murdered holocaust thesis doctoral founder president secret connection nazis leaders movement book secret relationship based denied million jews died holocaust dismissing myth fantastic lie wrote jews killed germans claimed number deaths exaggerated political purposes interest movement figure holocaust deaths gains greater led emphasize figure million order gain solidarity international public opinion scholars debated figure million reached stunning conclusions fixing number jewish victims thousand march interview stated wrote detail holocaust said want discuss numbers quoted argument historians numbers casualties mentioned wrote million victims wrote desire argue figures holocaust terrible crime jewish nation crime humanity accepted holocaust terrible thing claim denied acknowledging existence holocaust defended position collaborated nazis told station affiliated iran challenges deny movement ties nazis world war surveys conducted found fraction israeli arabs denying millions jews murdered nazis increased commented arab eyes disbelief happening hate jews embedded denial west form protest arabs believing event intend express strong objection portrayal jews ultimate victim victim deny israel right exist jewish state gives legitimacy arab disbelief component israeli palestinian conflict unlike ideological anti semitic denial holocaust desire escape guilt west holocaust denial iran iranian president frequently denied holocaust formally questioning reliability historical evidence occasion confirmed belief december speech said legend fabricated promoted protect israel said fabricated legend massacre jews hold higher god religion somebody country questions god says somebody denies myth massacre jews governments pay start scream remarks immediately provoked international controversy swift condemnation government officials israel europe united_states political parties german parliament signed joint resolution condemning holocaust denial contrast political leader described comments courageous stated muslim people defend iran voices hearts particular palestinian people united_states condemned remarks leader denounced called myth holocaust defending iranian president denial holocaust december iranian state sponsored international conference review global vision holocaust opened widespread condemnation conference called held behest widely described holocaust denial conference meeting holocaust iran denied holocaust denial conference months opened spokesman stated holocaust sacred issue touch visited nazi camps eastern_europe think exaggerated interview cnn newly elected iranian president quoted condemning holocaust stating tell crime happens history humanity including crime nazis created jews non jews committed jews condemn iranian media later accused cnn comments official address supreme leader iran grand questioned holocaust remarking holocaust event reality uncertain happened uncertain happened consistent previous comments holocaust iran organized international holocaust cartoon competition competition artists encouraged submit cartoons theme holocaust denial winner contest receive popular iranian newspaper held similar contest propaganda media according holocaust working trained history scholarly articles mock academic publication appeal sense fair play distrust language rely facts grab readers attention facts calls fabricated interpreted use example pay particular attention inconsistencies numbers holocaust denial propaganda forms shown influence audiences reaches fact educated college graduates current university students alike susceptible propaganda presented stems growing disbelief audiences feel exposed information especially holocaust witnesses decreasing number studies centered psychological effects holocaust denial propaganda confirm assertion particular denial essays decrease readers belief holocaust regardless prior holocaust awareness reactions holocaust denial types reaction scholarly response holocaust denial roughly divided categories academics refuse engage holocaust arguments grounds legitimacy second group scholars american historian tried raise awareness methods motivations holocaust denial need waste time effort answering wrote ending commitment ideology findings shaped support group responds arguments claims holocaust denial groups pointing errors evidence scholarly responses trigger vigorous british historian brought civil suit publisher stemming book denying holocaust named dangerous holocaust published author viewed legitimate military historian familiar historical evidence wrote bends ideological political agenda appeared defense witness trial canada declared rally holocaust women died seat car died gas chamber claimed allegation damaged reputation month trial london trial judge issued page ruling december issued following statement strongly publicly reported attempts deny fact holocaust historian questions holocaust took place followed strong reaction members commentary press near unanimous decision studying significance holocaust encouraged association statement response incident certain members questioned reality holocaust december declaration reversal earlier stance association set precedent historical facts public figures scholars number public figures scholars spoken holocaust denial literary theorist holocaust denial oldest largest society historians teachers history united_states states holocaust denial best form academic fraud secretary general said remembering necessary holocaust happened exaggerated holocaust denial work reject false claims holocaust survivor nobel prize winner calls holocaust documented tragedy recorded history tragedy witness killers victims millions pieces museum museums archives thousands millions similar statement special edition final trip host january condemned reservation denial holocaust iran resolution july iran president elect described remarks holocaust israel hate rhetoric september stated nazis carried massacre denied especially jewish people massacre nazis want sit nazis committed crime jews crime humanity declining specific number jewish victims iranian analysts suggested pushed envelope far supreme leader conservatives home members critics holocaust denial include members camp physician considered facts firmly determined doubt described happened camp people personal interest want bury silence things buried silence said maintains crazy wrong stated consider maintain thing normal people hearing holocaust denial compelled publicly speak witnessed holocaust stating like believe saw gas chambers saw saw open fires ramp selections took place like believe atrocities happened holocaust denial holocaust denial widely considered encyclopedia genocide crimes humanity example defines holocaust denial new form anti age old motifs stated holocaust denial contemporary form classic anti semitic doctrine evil manipulative threatening world jewish conspiracy french historian written holocaust denial convenient substitute anti racism published working definition gave example way manifest denying fact scope mechanisms gas chambers genocide jewish people hands supporters world war holocaust argued holocaust necessarily defense holocaust bishop charge journalist writer argued anti semitic fool public historical fact anti semitic preach promote dislike jews jews according psychiatrist senior scholar time director united_states professor international affairs primary motivation anti holocaust fact history holocaust generally recognized terrible crimes took place surely emblem evil modern age crime direct result anti taken logical end anti expressed private conversation inevitably people better way anti anti semitic arguments respectable discourse acceptable governments pursue anti semitic policies convincing world great crime anti blamed simply happened frame invented jews propagated control media better way short world safe anti denying holocaust french historian described motivation dead order better strike living examination claims key claims cause holocaust denial differ established fact nazis official policy intention jews nazis use gas chambers mass murder jews figure million jewish deaths gross actual number order magnitude lower claims include following stories holocaust myth initially created germans jews having spread myth plot intended enable creation jewish homeland palestine garner continuing support state israel documentary evidence holocaust photographs diary anne frank fabricated survivor filled errors inconsistencies unreliable obtained nazi prisoners confessions war crimes use torture nazi treatment jews different allies enemies world war holocaust denial widely viewed failing adhere principles treatment evidence mainstream historians scholars fields regard basic rational inquiry holocaust documented bureaucracy nazi government witnessed allied forces entered germany associated axis states end world war witnessed inside non jewish captives catholic french resistance member wrote extensively testified experiences seven camps including produced oldest contemporary sketch camp according researchers convergence evidence proves holocaust happened evidence includes written documents hundreds thousands letters orders bills speeches articles memoirs confessions eyewitness testimony accounts survivors helped load bodies gas chambers exchange chance survival guards local townspeople high ranking nazis spoke openly mass murder jews photographs including official military press photographs civilian photographs secret photographs taken survivors aerial photographs german allied film footage unofficial photographs taken german military camps concentration camps work camps camps exist varying degrees originality reconstruction evidence argument silence population demographics reconstructed pre world war era million jews killed happened controversy surrounding claims holocaust centers methods present arguments holocaust allegedly happened commonly accepted numerous accounts given holocaust including evidence presented court cases claimed facts evidence independent research shown claims based flawed research biased statements deliberately evidence opponents holocaust denial documented numerous instances evidence altered manufactured project according society image spectacle paper leads reality laws holocaust denial holocaust denial explicitly illegal countries austria belgium czech_republic france germany hungary israel lithuania netherlands poland portugal romania slovakia switzerland romania officially denied holocaust occurred territory european_union framework decision racism states denying crimes genocide member states slovakia denial fascist crimes general late term holocaust explicitly adopted code illegal deny act regarded international criminal court genocide adopted legislation denial committed communist systems mentioning word holocaust legislation remains controversial october tribunal declared spain holocaust denial law unconstitutional italy rejected denial law proposing prison sentence years netherlands rejected draft law proposing maximum sentence year denial acts general specifically denying holocaust remains criminal offense united_kingdom twice rejected holocaust denial laws denmark sweden rejected legislation number prosecuted countries denial laws french literature professor example convicted punished act historians oppose laws outspoken critic grounds denial legislation historical truth legal truth academics favor holocaust denial contend worst form racism respectable version pretends research focus allied war crimes holocaust denial literature focus supposed allied atrocities war theme holocaust denial literature particularly countries outright denial holocaust illegal according historian concept comparable allied expulsion germans world war bombing dresden center continuously repeated theme contemporary holocaust denial phenomenon calls immoral pointed phenomenon earlier version title tiers paris accurately lawyer review book hitler war maintained picture world war drawn way imply moral actions axis allied states sides equally guilty terrible crimes leading hitler destructive downgraded longer exceptional phenomenon genocide acts genocide met similar attempts deny minimize founder lists denial final stage genocide development denial eighth stage follows genocide perpetrators genocide dig mass graves burn bodies try cover evidence witnesses deny committed crimes blame happened victims notable holocaust
Holocaust denial