history mumbai history mumbai deals growth collection seven islands west coast india commercial capital nation populous cities world human existed fishing community earliest known settlers islands empire gained control islands 3rd century bce transformed centre hindu buddhist culture religion later 2nd century bce 9th century islands came control successive indigenous ruled established kingdom region late 13th century brought settlers islands muslim rulers captured islands later governed treaty portuguese placed islands portuguese possession islands suffered incursions end 17th century century city emerged important trading town maritime trade contacts economic educational development characterised city 19th century indian railway line beginning operations mumbai neighbouring city strong base indian independence movement early 20th century mutiny india independence territory mumbai presidency retained india area increased states joined indian union integrated following protests movement city incorporated dominion newly created city secular fabric torn apart communal riots bombings caused extensive loss life property city renamed mumbai march early history pre historic period believe coast western india came broke away madagascar soon detachment region indian plate drifted volcanic earth near island eruption thought laid vast bed lava covers parts central india volcanic activity resulted formation gilbert hill seen locations city activity region led formation hilly islands separated shallow sea pleistocene sediments found near northern mumbai british archaeologist indicate stone age present day city built originally archipelago seven islands old woman island known little islands single engineering project bce region heavily involved commerce egypt persia fishing community long inhabited islands origin included large number scattered tribes mumbai tribes religious practices summed age indigenous islands incorporated emperor century bce empire patronage islands centre hindu buddhist religion culture buddhist monks scholars artists created artwork inscriptions sculpture mid century bce decline empire bce islands fell port present day important trading centre century bce trade contacts rome islands known ancient greek cluster seven islands greek end rule held dominion islands ruled years till ruled islands fifth century acquired sixth early seventh century constructed regime greek merchant visited near mumbai caves dates sixth century christianity arrived islands sixth century presence india presence ended invaded islands conquered islands dynasty ruled region constructed 10th century 12th century patronage rulers italian traveler fleet thirteen chinese ships passed mumbai harbour september founded kingdom region late 13th century established capital present day belonged dynasty dynasty built temple region introduced fruit bearing trees including islands earliest settlers city brought parts reign supposed brought islands death succeeded son built capital named islands control self proclaimed regent dynasty occupied later islands ruled till later brother law years till islands came control muslim rulers ending sovereignty hindu rulers islands islamic period islands muslim rule establishment appointed north administration islands appointed governor reign appointed governor addition proper survey islands improved existing revenue system islands early 15th century seized island ruled years persian historian recorded seat government north transferred death captured sending son recapture lost territory emerged victorious battle fought recaptured patronage led construction prominent built honour muslim saint death commandant large army capture responded large army navy leading defeat islands suffered sea nobleman end broke rebellion port conquered islands portuguese explorer ship sailed deep natural harbour island called good bay portuguese paid visit islands january landed capturing barge creek series attacks islands recaptured portuguese established factory seized fort king war emperor town south islands grown power emperor obliged sign treaty portuguese december according treaty islands mumbai offered portuguese seven islands surrendered later treaty peace commerce portuguese india october ending islamic rule mumbai portuguese period portuguese actively involved foundation growth religious orders bombay islands leased san michael church oldest churches bombay built portuguese granted granted granted years granted portuguese physician botanist granted possession bombay portuguese encouraged local population strongly supported roman_catholic_church started local population christians referred british portuguese christians christians recently established ties roman_catholic_church time bombay main trade death patent issued granted family built annexation portugal spain opened way european powers follow routes india dutch arrived closely followed british english merchants arrived bombay november travelled obtained practical control built lady good counsel lady salvation fought british portuguese possession bombay trader settle bombay fort built portuguese overlooking southern island growing power dutch middle seventeenth century forced british_empire acquire bombay king john portugal marriage treaty catherine portugal placed bombay british possession catherine charles british period struggle native powers march appointed governor general city fleet arrived bombay september october asked hand bombay english portuguese governor contended island bombay ceded alleging patent refused bombay portuguese declined interfere prevented landing bombay forced retire island died october november successor agreed accept bombay remained portuguese possession later managed acquire english september royal charter march led transfer bombay charles_ii english annual rent equivalent retail price index company immediately set task opening islands constructing warehouses customs house built fortifications built bombay castle judge advocate appointed purpose civil administration governor bombay english september appointed governor bombay july established mint bombay offered business incentives attracted jews planned extensive fortifications city north point near present day lion gate south harbour developed governorship space ships businessman imported printing press bombay increase population admiral landed bombay october ravaged local inhabitants february governor general dutch india attacked bombay attack resisted october admiral entered bombay destroyed pen rivers important english king treaty westminster concluded england netherlands relieved british settlements bombay dutch company shifted main holdings bombay administrative centre west coast settlements bombay placed head company establishments india landed february razed fort june payment british ruler evacuated bombay june arrival indian british merchants led development bombay trade end seventeenth century soon trading salt rice ivory cloth lead sword blades indian ports arabian cities construction bombay castle finished fortified islands sea attacks european pirates december assumed governorship bombay implemented plans fortification island walls built north point south established marine force constructed bombay mayor court established bombay started temporary work creek separating bombay industry started bombay soon naval dockyard established year captured portuguese province ceded victory forced british push settlements fort walls city new building rules set houses demolished population partially newly reclaimed land member family naval architects built dry dock commissioned asia middle eighteenth century bombay began grow major trading town soon western mountain ranges madagascar migrated islands built site fort docks built british occupied december formally ceded treaty signed restored empire british introduction goods parts bombay prevented goods subjected regulations respect taxes toll levied goods city assumed office governor bombay initiated engineering project uniting seven islands single purpose project block creek prevent low lying areas bombay flooded high tide project rejected project completed soon followed history journalism bombay commenced publication army defeated following construction workers migrated bombay settled flats constructed workers called called construction causeway duncan causeway commenced construction causeway completed governor connected february fire town subsequently british plan new town wider roads bombay hit severe famine led large scale emigration november defeated empire battle took place success british campaign witnessed freedom bombay attacks native powers city development educational economic progress city began company military successes north opened passenger traffic established bombay hit water famine construction new mint commenced construction good carriage road regimes sir gave better access bombay road opened november facilitated trade large measure regular communication england started navigating red mediterranean_sea july riots took place consequence government order destruction dogs infested city town hall completed built established islands connected bombay year monthly communication established bombay london oldest bank city established established funded construction causeway connect work completed established issued exotic notes western november hospital country founded governor earliest riots occurred consequence dispute rival factions riots broke muslims october consequence ill advised article appeared newspaper political organization bombay presidency started august vent public grievances british indian railway line began operations bombay neighbouring distance miles april cotton mill established city july bombay incorporated modern institution higher education established india chartered established bombay attracting considerable industrial population outbreak american_civil_war increased demand cotton west led enormous increase cotton trade victoria gardens opened public bombay shipping iron shipping companies started bombay merchants independent english river steam navigation company established maintenance steam ferries bombay nearby islands opening suez_canal marine trade bombay established providing modern framework governance rapidly growing city development administration port communication instituted best originally set company established riots broke february caused article published resident formed oldest stock exchange asia established electricity arrived bombay establishment lit electricity founded official time zones british india established held united_states bombay time set hours minutes ahead mean time 75th east princess dock built scheme improving bombay harbour institute asia provide established bombay year indian freedom movement growth political consciousness started establishment january formed february order central school protect interests workers threatened possible factory legislation british session held bombay december enacted gave wide powers interference civic matters finest stations world completed concept lunch box delivery man originated 1890s british people came bombay like local food service set bring lunch people workplace straight home august communal riot took place muslims temple attacked muslims bombay people killed injured september bombay hit plague epidemic death toll estimated people week amounting half population fled bombay time march riot started sudden outbreak hostility measures adopted government suppression plague riot led strike dock railway workers city days significant results plague creation bombay city improvement trust december january scheme planned suburban scheme bombay formulated relieve congestion centre town following plague cotton mill industry adversely affected flight workers plague partition initiated movement led british goods india july principal advocate movement bombay sentenced years rigorous imprisonment charge writing articles government newspaper arrest led huge scale protests city started leader played important role national movement india independence lord convened bombay june objective seek operation people world war measures thought necessary bombay presidency conference followed huge rallies city worldwide epidemic bombay september december causing hundreds deaths day lord incident december saw handicap bombay important strike textile industry bombay began january bombay main centre movement started february april movement started result act indefinitely extended emergency measures world war order control public unrest following world war saw large movement india troops supplies arms industrial goods bombay city life shut times non cooperation movement bay scandal occurred british reclaimed bay area bombay financial crisis incidental post war slump city electric locomotives india service late 1920s migrated bombay escape drought iran early 1930s nationwide civil movement tax spread bombay headquarters movement bombay october industrialist aviator pioneered civil aviation bombay flying plane bombay bombay affected great depression saw mill industry economy world war movements thousands troops military industrial goods fleet bombay important military base battles fought climatic rebellion august congress public meeting february bombay marked revolt indian sailors british rule august finally india declared independent british troops leave india passed arcade bombay february ending year long period british bombay 20th century partition india august refugees newly created pakistan relocated military camps kilometres converted township named governor general india april came existence merger spanned area km2 inhabited people limits extended limit extended february western railway discussions organised linguistic lines states recommended state bombay capital movement opposed insisted bombay native declared capital established northern suburb bombay following protests movement people killed police firing formed bombay capital renamed martyr square memorial movement early 1960s communities owned majority industry trade enterprises city white collar jobs mainly sought south indian migrants city established june bombay cartoonist feeling resentment relative native people native state 1960s 1970s rights native late 1960s parade reclaimed developed riots 1970s coastal communication increased bombay south western coast india introduction ships london based trade firm shepherd ships facilitated entry catholics bombay centre established bombay set january government apex body planning development activities mumbai metropolitan region science centre india largest interactive science centre established bombay august sister township founded city districts help dispersal control mumbai population called january trade union leader nearly workers textile mills bombay went strike riots broke bombay flag placed mosque killed wounded port commissioned view serve hub port city december january people killed city paralyzed communal riots muslims caused destruction series bomb explosions took place bombay march resulted deaths injuries attacks believed orchestrated mafia don retaliation demolition newly elected government renamed city bombay native mumbai native people goddess soon colonial british names shed assert local names renamed march 17th century king 21st century 21st century city suffered bombings december bomb placed seat bus exploded near station mumbai people killed injured bombing occurred tenth anniversary demolition january bomb placed bicycle exploded near station mumbai bomb killed injured blast occurred day ahead visit prime minister india city march bomb exploded train compartment train entering station mumbai people killed injured blast occurred day tenth anniversary bombay bombings july bomb placed seat best bus exploded bomb killed people injured august near occurred people killed injured group claimed responsibility attack hinted pakistan based attacks mumbai torrential rains july city brought complete city received inches millimeters rain hours indian city received single day people killed july series seven bomb took place period minutes suburban railway mumbai people killed injured according bombings carried city experienced attacks activists north indian migrants mumbai attacks included assault north indian taxi drivers damage vehicles series coordinated terrorist attacks armed pakistani men automatic weapons grenades began november ended november attacks resulted deaths injuries severe damage important buildings city saw series coordinated bomb explosions different locations july occurred left killed injured city venue cricket world cup final india emerged champion second time cricket world cup
History of Mumbai