french version english opera composed based myth set belongs genre meaning opera mythological subject choruses dancing piece performed vienna october presence reform operas attempted replace plots overly complex music opera noble simplicity music drama opera popular works influential subsequent german opera variations plot underground rescue mission hero control conceal emotions include wagner originally set italian owes genre french opera particularly use accompanied general absence vocal years premiere adapted opera suit tastes audience reworking given title alterations vocal casting orchestration suit french tastes background essay opera major influence development ideology proposed heavily simplified model opera drama pre eminent instead music ballet staging drama delight eyes ears affect hearts audience risk reason common sense ideas influenced prominent advocate reform stated creator dramatic music create provided material chaos like share honour creation influences included composer ballet sur called dramatic effect influenced operas acting style considerable quantity ballet thought influence noted blending aspects production ballet staging audience roles synopsis lines choruses etc given italian version french version act chorus join tomb wife chorus mourning able utter chorus sends away sings grief aria ben verses preceded expressive technique extremely radical time proved overly came chose retain unity aria appears telling underworld return wife condition look earth aria les encouragement informs present suffering shall short lived aria silence resolves quest version delivers older italian style originally composed occasional entertainment subsequently apollo act rocky landscape refuse admit underworld sing guardian est accompanied represented opera begs pity aria con interrupted cries non eventually sweetness singing men let chants version scene ends dance second scene opens brief ballet movement dance blessed spirits prominent solo flute followed solo celebrates happiness eternal bliss sung unnamed spirit repeated chorus arrives purity air finds beauty surroundings spirits bring chorus act way delighted returning earth remembering condition related act lets hand refusing look explain understand action suffer silence duet takes sign longer loves refuses continue concluding death sings grief supposed infidelity aria fortune brief duet reprise unable turns looks dies sings grief famous aria shall lost decides kill join returns stop trio reward continued love returns life reunited movement ballet sing praise version chorus ballet added extra movements performance history opera performed vienna october day celebrations emperor production supervised theatre administrator choreography set designs leading members fields famous revived vienna following year performed performances took place london sang role little music bore relation original providing new music conducted performance italian version early 19th century particularly known performances conducted work composing symphonic poem replace original typically 19th century 20th century role sung female noted role time include dame butt dame metropolitan opera notable proponent opera november radio broadcast act eventually released revised versions apollo conducted composer role soprano maintaining italian version performed modern times version revised score production premiered august second version named french translation expansion original text expanded rewrote parts opera changed role high tenor called usual voice french opera heroic characters french version work additional ballet sequences tastes prevalent time paris included long dance originally ballet famous dance blessed spirits flute strings virtually vanished performances original version increasingly rare modern practice replacements dates version concert pitch rose steadily cycles second french version increasingly impractical sang role music altered suggested french perform role composer close friend leading expert france music knew score largely forgotten italian original thoroughly knew french agreed prepare version opera acts voice mind adapting role female alto adaptation key scheme vienna score incorporating additional music paris score returned italian version considered superior terms music terms drama restored subtle orchestration italian version resisted proposals theatre director orchestration end saint acting assistant project minor declined version presented november conductor sets designed choreography seventeen year old orchestra rehearsals complimented young player accuracy tuning production popular critical success filling house night given total times company subsequent versions theaters paris lowered concert pitch normal low time commission recommended pitch france lowered vibrations apparently later 19th century role came sung frequently tenor version combine italian french scores influential regarded act adaptations score translating italian restoring music french version left common edition published popular occasion role octave sing notable performed role germany recorded opera times recordings available commercially reform opera showing signs ambition reform opera self contained choruses way shorter pieces larger structural units notable absence instead uses form notably act ben verse dramatic voice accompanied orchestra form act famous absent traditional voice accompanied old italian conventions disregarded favour giving action dramatic impetus complexity storyline greatly reduced eliminating influenced example french particularly like opera contains large number expressive dances extensive use chorus accompanied coup opening drama chorus mourning main characters similar elements follow subsequent reforms instance cheerful reflect action come role calls especially gifted actor ben dull tragic import given aria based harmonies obviously nature fine actor certainly taken lessons london renowned actor apparently able project moving tone raising voice faced criticism grounds emotionally responded pointing absolute necessity fine execution aria change movement turn expression reforms began significant influence history ideals heavily influenced popular works wagner wagner vision especially influenced old style opera domination singers came increasingly unpopular success operas particular orchestra far predominant earlier opera notably voice reduced comparatively minor role style carries main melody supported solos flute cello horn accompaniment strings playing complex orchestration wrote orchestration number changes orchestration adapting original italian version french version replaced common modern played considerably decreases possibly lack technical ability french instruments typically church music predominant chamber music unpopular france ways change corresponds high tenor survive italian french version represented use instrument usually thought introduced french verse ben accompanied different solo instruments vienna flute horns english horns required change orchestration single horn replacing uncommon instruments far widespread usage aria ben added orchestra consisting strings order provide echo effect scores original italian version acts published vienna score paris 18th century manuscript copies score found libraries including der vienna vienna paris paris london critical edition edited published complete works french version acts published paris score paris critical edition edited published substantial fragments scores paris paris scores available online including italian version 18th century manuscript copies website score later originally des score later originally score later edition engraved paris originally library opera paris version score version paris internet archive vocal score piano reduction paris recordings numerous recordings different versions especially adaptation featuring female british american soprano especially notable recent years recordings stage productions vienna version opera featured role recorded role performed recorded recordings role recent times recordings versions cut altered way recordings french version tenor relatively rare lack genuine mid-1950s starring opposite wife recorded role version available present recording premiere release added version brought period instrument performance title role april concert performance recorded madrid years earlier finally released dvd australian opera production directed australian
Orfeo ed Euridice