latin november march roman emperor born son mother divorced married later known making step son later marry daughter marriage julia elder later adopted act officially julian bearing subsequent emperors continue blended dynasty families following thirty years historians named dynasty relations emperors dynasty grand uncle paternal uncle great grand uncle rome greatest generals conquest temporarily parts laid foundations northern frontier came remembered dark ruler desired emperor elder called men death son removed rome left administration largely hands grand nephew adopted grandson succeeded death early life background born rome november mother divorced biological father remarried shortly pregnant son brother born little recorded early life public appearance age delivering eulogy biological father brother rode adoptive father celebration defeat emperor ill possible death threatened roman world chaos historians generally agree time question heir acute indicate carry position event death ambiguity succession chief problem response series potential heirs selected brother age seventeen entered politics direction receiving position granted right stand election consul years advance age required law similar provisions civil military career shortly began appearing court advocate presumably interest greek rhetoric began sent east captured standards command marcus battle year negotiation led sizable force armenia presumably goal establishing roman client state ending threat posed roman border able reach compromise standards returned armenia remained neutral territory powers returning east married daughter close friend greatest general marcus appointed position sent assist brother campaigns west focused forces german frontier tribes alps conquering discovered sources danube soon bend middle course returning rome appointed consul time son born death elevated respect succession request divorced married julia elder daughter widow event breaking point new marriage julia happy produced single child died infancy reportedly ran proceeded follow home crying begging forgiveness soon met steps taken ensure meet continued elevated death brother death clear candidate succession received military commissions areas highly volatile key importance policy launched movement setting northwest danube passed territory order invade east general depart east rhine pass newly annexed territory attack west campaign success soon summoned rhine frontier protect rome new conquests returned rome consul second time granted power control east mirrored positions previously held despite successes despite advancement happy retirement rhodes verge accepting command east second powerful man rome suddenly announced withdrawal politics retired rhodes precise motives withdrawal unclear historians speculated connection fact adopted julia sons moving political path interim solution hold power come age swept aside public behavior married wife julia played calls reason departing rhodes entire hatred julia longing found married woman publicly nighttime forum forbidden woman loved motives withdrawal disastrous succession plans early teens years old immediate successor longer guarantee peaceful transfer power death guarantee family family allies continue hold power position survive somewhat stories tell pleading stay going far stage illness response anchor shore word came survived sailing rhodes reportedly regretted departure requested return rome times time refused requests heir departure succession rested solely young situation death pressure allowed return rome private citizen killed armenia choice turn death initiated activity household adopted son heir turn required adopt nephew son brother niece adoption received power share younger brother banished island live solitary confinement powers held equal second powers purposes event passing simply continue rule possible according year stint lasted returned celebrated triumph postponed accompanied generals obtained turning enter capitol fell knees father presiding ceremonies caused law passed soon govern provinces jointly hold census set conclusion ceremonies according ceremonies declaration took place year return recalled finding illness alive spent entire day private died age buried ceremony arranged read confirmed sole surviving heir emperor early reign senate convened september position extend powers position proceedings fully accounted administrative political powers lacked titles crown laurel oak honor having saved lives roman citizens attempted play role reluctant public servant wants serve state ended throwing entire affair confusion humble came want serve state cited age reason act stated wish position proceeded ask section state finally relented accepted powers voted according refused bear titles declined solid emblem civic crown meeting set tone entire rule wished senate state simply act direct orders vague inspiring debate actually meant passing legislation years wanted senate act servant according derided senate men fit slaves rise fall problems arose quickly new roman posted paid bonuses promised short period time clear response forthcoming son dispatched small force quell uprising bring line simply quell mutiny rallied led short campaign rhine territory stating treasure grab count bonus forces crossed rhine quickly occupied territory rhine additionally records capture forest roman standards lost years roman auxiliary ambushed tribes managed deal significant blow rome enemies quell uprising troops returned lost standards rome actions increased fame legend popular roman people recalled celebrated triumph rome triumph city seen result granted control eastern empire received clearly successor survived little year dying accusing governor syria poisoning longtime supporters allied young marriage mother death accusations indicted new placed trial according threatened governor actually connect death unknown continuing stand trial evident senate committed suicide tired politics point shared authority son began making yearly reportedly longer longer year mysteriously died effort elevate replacement finally retired rome altogether island rome served imperial family years position began depend limited left specifically trimmed ranks responsible defense city moved outside city walls city giving access troops death elevated eyes refers partner statues erected city visible began withdraw rome altogether finally withdrawal left charge entire state mechanism city rome position successor requested marriage niece pressure quickly withdrew request controlled imperial post information received rome information rome received presence checked overt power time death changed began series purge trials senators wealthy city rome removing capable opposing power extending imperial treasury widow elder sons arrested exiled later died suspicious circumstances purge elder family younger survivors plot held began play power earnest precisely happened difficult determine attempted court families tied attempted julian family line eye placing adopted julian position possible regent later implicated plot revealed lover number years plot involved support assuming serving regent young possibly stood way tried treason swiftly dealt summoned meeting senate letter read condemning ordering immediate execution tried colleagues executed week commander replaced claims treason trials followed hesitant act outset reign end life hardest hit families political ties imperial hit associated way tied schemes tried executed properties seized state describes executions fury ordered death lying prison accusation lay singly dead age sex obscure friends allowed near gaze long spies set round noted sorrow followed rotting corpses till dragged floating driven bank burn touch portrayal emperor challenged modern historians prominent ancient historian notes work history roman world years reign persons accused treason half escaped conviction innocent people condemned fell victims excessive zeal senate emperor rumours exactly records rumours tales sexual including graphic depictions child cruelty paranoia heavily stories paint picture perceived roman class impact years rule final years affair final years treason trials permanently damaged image reputation fall withdrawal rome complete empire continued run bureaucracy established leadership records paranoid spent great deal time brooding death son period short invasion incursions tribes rhine tribes occurred little secure indicate succession place supporters fallen wrath sons immediate family dead candidates sole surviving son grandson half hearted attempt end life credibility possible successor teenager completely unsuitable years come death died march seventy eighth year records news death crowd suddenly silent hearing recovered news recorded ancient historians apart likely historians consider indicative class felt emperor time death death senate refused vote divine honors filled streets reference method disposal reserved corpses criminals instead body emperor cremated ashes quietly laid later scattered sack rome left powers jointly act void executed heir spent fortune begin chain events bring downfall dynasty legacy historiography died prior hailed ruler despite overwhelmingly negative characterization left roman historians left imperial treasury nearly billion death embark costly campaigns conquest chose strengthen existing empire building additional bases diplomacy military threats generally getting drawn petty competing frontier result stronger consolidated empire authors texts survived describe reign considerable detail evidence remains elder elder wrote autobiography describes brief book lost detailed account period handed annals books entirely reign roman senator born reign consul text largely based minutes session senate collection acts government news court capital speeches histories contemporaries elder lost narrative emphasizes political psychological motivation characterisation books negative gradually rule declines identifying clear breaking point death son rule generally described criminal outset reign virtues merely major recurring theme concerns balance power senate emperors corruption growing governing classes rome substantial account devoted treason trials following revival law ultimately opinion best illustrated conclusion sixth book character distinct periods bright time life reputation private citizen held high offices time reserve assumption virtue long alive mother lived compound good evil infamous cruelty loved feared finally disgrace fear shame cast simply equestrian held administrative posts reigns details biographical history birth death like drew imperial archives histories letters account contemporary famous sections biography numerous alleged reserves praise actions early reign emphasizing surviving sources contemporary rule comes served years germany cavalry roman history spans period fall death text praise emperor genuine admiration remains open question death friend jews christians mention reign jesus preached executed authority roman governor bible mentioned luke states john baptist entered public ministry fifteenth year reign references emperor translations specification refer similarly tribute penny referred matthew mark popularly thought silver coin reign jews prominent rome jewish followers jesus began roman citizens increasing long ordered jews military age join banished rest jews rome threatened life leave city considerable debate historians christianity differentiated judaism scholars believe roman distinction jews christians took place likely viewed christians jewish sect separate distinct faith palace rome located hill ruins seen today major public works undertaken city reign temple dedicated restoration theater finished reign addition remnants villa includes important sculptures found fragments villa preserved estate said included total island largest refused living god allowed temple built honor town modern israel western shore named honour fiction represented fiction literature film television video games peripheral character central storyline modern representation novel consequent bbc television series adaptation portrayed author fire series stated central character partially inspired particularly portrayal baker itv historical drama central character series portrayed balanced way appears minor character film inquiry played addition prominent roles played starring role played played featured featured film portrayed important character novel dear glorious physician biography author canonical gospel children family married times union producing child survive adulthood daughter marcus julia elder daughter ancestry family tree secondary material jones documents illustrating reigns oxford green barbara politician isbn new_york pseudonym science fiction author robin london isbn robin isbn david london isbn salmon edward history isbn southern pat london isbn aristocracy oxford isbn
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