1st century roman disagreement surviving sources jewish historian makes unclear authority province time office marked disputes troops jewish population failed respond anti jewish murder territory led violent conflict jews following investigation governor syria sent rome hearing emperor held responsible violence sentenced exile known appointed succession alexander main source career presents governing succeeded states governing authority north map mention controlled areas province conflict led historians number positions political arrangements province argued greater knowledge jewish affairs favouring account believes division power reversed governors areas authority actually governed south north fits better describes active jerusalem nearby suggestion province transferred disturbances rule roman jewish conflict alexander province enjoyed period relative peace proved governorship marked series public disturbances trouble started jewish pilgrims gathered jerusalem feast following precedent set earlier governors assembled detachment roman soldiers roof temple maintain order crowds caused chaos exposing jews courtyard calling insults jews brought complaints began stones soldiers openly accused responsible sign relations governor poor finding unable calm angry crowd called fully armed reinforcements assembled temple courtyard roof overlooking temple ensuing according estimates thirty thousand people crushed death numbers exaggerated loss life substantial feast says cause mourning nation unrest triggered imperial slave named robbed travelling near troops sent arrest leading men nearby villages began area finding copy destroyed view villagers shouting angered insult god jewish religion crowd jews confronted demanding guilty party punished time governor acted decisively ordered soldier responsible beheaded temporarily restoring calm jewish conflict events cost office began murder pilgrims travelling way jerusalem embassy asked investigate received little attention turn blind eye result crowd jews decided law hands leadership alexander invaded began massacre led troops killing taking prisoner jewish leaders jerusalem subsequently able calm state guerrilla warfare persisted separate dispatched tyre appeal syria authority lower ranking protested jewish attacks villages jewish counter embassy held responsible violence accused siding agreeing investigate proceeded jewish prisoners ordered jews involved fighting hearing case sent jewish leaders including high priest cases rome emperor hearing influential officials took jews supported friend father king province placed roman influenced court politics decided favour jewish leaders executed sent exile succeeded life career unknown ancient war annals modern july conflicting accounts concerning terms office history jewish people age jesus christ volume revised edited revised english edinburgh clark isbn mary jews study political relations 2nd isbn
Ventidius Cumanus