born august december indian nationalist hindu philosopher guru poet joined indian movement independence british rule influential leaders spiritual reformer introducing visions human progress spiritual evolution studied cambridge england returning india took civil service works state began involve politics imprisoned british writing articles british rule india released evidence provided stay jail mystical spiritual experiences moved leaving politics spiritual work stay developed method spiritual practice called central theme vision evolution human life life divine believed spiritual liberated man transformed nature enabling divine life earth help spiritual collaborator referred mother founded died december main literary works deals theoretical aspects synthesis deals practical guidance legend symbol epic poem works include philosophy poetry translations commentaries nominated nobel prize literature nobel peace prize biography early life born calcutta india august father assistant surgeon member religious reform movement new idea evolution pursuing medical studies britain mother father leading figure sent surroundings calcutta birth elder siblings younger sister younger brother referred born brought speaking english communicate servants family father believed british culture superior elder siblings sent english speaking boarding school improve language skills distance mother developed mental illness soon birth child centre british life india school run irish boys exposed christian religious teachings symbolism england wanted sons enter elite organisation comprising people achieve necessary study england entire family moved brothers placed care reverend manchester minister knew british friends boys taught latin wife admission good english schools years elder siblings enrolled considered young continued studies learning history latin french geography told teach religion boys inevitably exposed christian teachings events generally bored repulsed little contact father wrote letters sons england communication indicated british india occasion describing british government emigrated australia causing boys uprooted went live mother london september year joined learned greek spent years reading literature english poetry acquired familiarity german italian languages exposed evangelical mother religion considered point later determined blue plaque unveiled commemorates residence shepherd bush london brothers began living circumstances father having experienced financial difficulties club secretary brother father friend determined pursue literary career proved unequal standards necessary entrance meant father aspirations father lacked money required studied hard scholarship official students required pass competitive examination study english university years probation secured scholarship cambridge recommendation passed written examination months ranked 11th competitors spent years interest came late horse riding practical exam disqualified service time travelling england cotton secured place arranged meet prince left england india arriving february india waiting receive son agents bombay mumbai ship travelling sunk coast portugal father died hearing news calcutta joined state service working survey settlements department later moving miscellaneous work like teaching grammar assisting writing speeches work started working time french teacher later promoted post vice principal self studied sanskrit stay contributed articles spoke chairman college board started taking active interest politics india independence struggle british rule working scenes position state administration barred overt political activity linked resistance groups traveling states established contact arranged military training army dispatched organise resistance groups traveled bid establish links parent families relatives including cousin brother later increasingly establish resistance groups presidency formally moved calcutta announcement partition age married year old daughter senior official government service visited calcutta died december influenced studies rebellion revolutions england medieval france revolts america italy public activities favoured non operation passive resistance private took secret revolutionary activity preparation open revolt case passive revolt failed help established contacts revolutionaries inspiring helped establish series youth clubs including calcutta attended congress meeting headed participated councillor forming objectives boycott national education session congress major showdown led congress split session traveled extensively bombay firm support nationalist cause giving speeches meeting groups arrested connection bomb case acquitted ensuing trial released year isolated prison started new publications english delivered speech transformation focus spiritual matters british persecution continued writings new journals april moved britain secret police monitored activities conversion politics spirituality july india lord sparked public anger british leading civil unrest nationalist campaign groups revolutionaries included attempted kill judge known handing particularly severe sentences nationalists bomb thrown horse carriage missed target instead landed carriage killed british women wife daughter arrested charges planning overseeing attack imprisoned solitary confinement trial bomb case lasted year eventually acquitted defence counsel period jail view life radically changed spiritual experiences consequently aim went far service liberation country said visited jail fact hearing constantly voice speaking fortnight jail solitary meditation felt presence autobiographical notes said felt vast sense came india explain continued experiences time time knew time started teacher rules learned friend disciple introduced influenced guidance got instructed depend inner guide kind external guru guidance required withdrew political activities went hiding british trying prosecute basis signed article titled published disappeared view warrant held prosecution postponed police open action warrant issued april warrant executed date reached french colony warrant withdrawn dedicated spiritual philosophical pursuits years started monthly philosophical magazine called ceased publication years later revised works published book form book series derived publication synthesis essays secret hymns renaissance india war self determination human cycle published magazine beginning stay followers time numbers grew resulting formation started sign meaning holy sanskrit commonly time main literary output correspondence disciples letters written 1930s numbered thousands brief comments margins disciple answer questions reports spiritual practice extended pages carefully composed explanations practical aspects teachings later collected published book form volumes letters late 1930s resumed work poem started earlier continued expand revise poem rest life greatest literary achievement epic spiritual poem blank verse approximately lines died december people attended funeral prime minister president praised contribution philosophy independence struggle national international newspapers commemorated death development close spiritual collaborator came known mother french national born paris february studied husband went march finally settled considered spiritual equal collaborator november retired left plan build run community disciples gathered time later families children joined established supervised experiments field education died continued spiritual work directed guided disciples philosophy spiritual vision concept integral system described books synthesis life divine compilation essays published argues divine reality divine play instead world experience illusion argues life divine believed merely describes phenomenon evolution matter life explain reason finds life present matter existence manifestation argues nature interpreted divine evolved life matter mind life existence argues attempting manifest level evolution purpose stated found task understanding nature reality difficult justify immediate results legacy indian nationalist best known philosophy human evolution influence influence wide ranging india commented work writers traditional wisdom saw authentic representative indian spiritual tradition inspired worked newly formed san_francisco soon wife established cultural integration fellowship later emerged heavily inspired writings week time composer undergoing personal crisis found relevant feelings experience music took completely different turn focusing continue end career traveled met mother thompson called teaching spirituality radical post religious approach regards work having reached goddess culture terms culturally retrieved sage thompson writes experienced psychic power coming mother night death ideas evolution human capabilities influenced thinking indirectly human potential movement murphy writings american philosopher called india greatest modern philosopher sage integrated ideas philosophical vision interpretation criticised new age writer looks major inspiration followers following authors disciples organisations trace intellectual heritage measure influenced mother daughter president came stayed death senior disciples wrote extensively philosophy spiritual evolution based teaching mother early disciples born paris left interesting memoirs conversations published conversations disciple little known west articulate integral psychology integral philosophy 1940s 1950s compilation papers came title doctor obtained medical degree edinburgh long correspondence elaborate aspects record conversations bring thought numerous subjects secretary mother writings lectures cover epic joined later wrote play life descent blue book infinite author composer artist athlete best known holding public events theme inner peace world harmony concerts races french author important disciple mother published mother agenda way critics finds theory creation false theory talks experiences visions normal human experiences says theory intellectual response difficult problem uses trait discussing things based truth existence says awareness reality suggests need examine creative activity subjected awareness interpretation philosophy rejects notion dividing reality different level matter life mind proposed life divine terms lower states reality system reality created finds contributions merely literary cultural extended political motivation spirituality human evolution says great scholar realised personal ego indirectly claim went said believed increasing number followers literary works
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