class battlecruiser class battlecruisers russian group battlecruisers ordered imperial_russian_navy world war referred class laid december saint_petersburg service construction ships delayed domestic factories orders components ordered abroad start world war slowed construction imported components delivered domestic production diverted areas immediately useful war effort ships launched fourth work gun turrets evident russian industry able complete ships war russian revolution stop construction resumed consideration given finishing hulls nearest completion eventually sold scrap soviet_union proposed convert ship closest completion aircraft carrier plan cancelled political maneuvering led funding available design development end russo japanese war russian naval general staff decided needed squadron fast armoured cruisers use speed engage leader enemy battle line admiral russian fleet initially naval general staff wanted ship high speed knots kilometres hour miles hour inch guns limited protection waterline belt emperor approved construction ships session ended proposal voted preliminary bids ships private builders bids proved high leading requirements new specification issued july ship speed knots mph armour increased armaments increased inch guns non superfiring triple gun turrets based false rumor germans increasing caliber guns believed widely separating main gun magazines improved ship superfiring arrangement muzzle blast hurt sailors manning gun sights lower turrets open sighting turret roofs new bids september domestic foreign seven responded deadline extended month number designs rejected meeting revised criteria meantime artillery section main administration decided preferred turret design new bids leading contenders round bidding eventual winner design saint_petersburg extra turret added new hull section inserted original turret design approved construction design finalised allocated million ship increase armaments increase size ships raised estimated cost seven million money diverted budget class cruisers orders placed september pair ships new admiralty shipyard pair ready trials july second pair september scale armour trials revealed weaknesses proposed protection scheme trials employed obsolete ironclad modified armour protection identical class battleships construction deck turret roof armour proved thin structure supporting armour strong withstand shock impact heavy shells design class ships modified consequence slowed construction deck armour reinforced extra plates turret roofs increased thickness roof conning tower increased respectively compensate additional weight rear conning tower removed entirely thickness main belt reduced joints introduced armour plates vertical edges better distribute shock shell impact stress supporting hull structure launching pair ships postponed months changes plus delays imposed large number ship orders hand outbreak world war caused delays number components ordered foreign manufacturers example gun turrets rested inch roller germany attempts order replacements united_kingdom sweden proved futile company willing able components turbines ordered germany seized german government beginning war construction class cruisers general characteristics class ships metres long overall beam metres draught metres load ships displaced long tons normally long tons load high steel hull mild steel areas contribute structural strength hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine room divided longitudinal bulkhead double height metres ship protected triple added extra millimetres depth design called metres forward metres amidships metres aft ships fitted anti rolling tanks propulsion sets steam turbines ordered april franco russian works saint_petersburg admiralty built ships built turbines pair ordered vulcan stettin germany components ordered abroad wing propeller shafts powered high pressure impulse reaction turbines shafts powered low pressure reaction type turbines produced total shaft horsepower designed shp turbines powered triangular yarrow boilers working pressure cm2 kpa psi forward boilers grouped compartments oil fired boilers compartment rear boilers split compartments containing coal fired boilers fitted oil maximum speed estimated knots forcing machinery increase knots mph coal capacity long tons fuel oil capacity long tons gave estimated range nautical miles speed class ships turbo generators diesel generators rated kilowatts divided compartments platform deck forward aft machinery generators powered complex electrical system combined alternating current equipment direct current heavy load machinery turret motors armament main armament consisted electrically powered turrets built turrets designed elevate traverse rate second calibre millimetre model guns guns depressed elevated loaded angle expected rate fire rounds minute load rounds gun carried guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range metres secondary armament consisted calibre pattern guns mounted casemates pair casemates situated rear turrets near forward turret additional casemates directly middle pair positioning reflected naval general staff prediction likely direction attack torpedo boats anti aircraft armament intended caliber millimetre anti aircraft guns fitted upper deck rounds stored gun millimetre guns mounted pairs main turret roofs sub caliber training main guns underwater millimetre torpedo tubes fitted broadside provided total eighteen torpedoes fire control fore aft main gun turrets given meter rangefinder metre unit conning tower provide data central artillery post computer transmit commands gun crew mechanical fire control computer range clock bought domestically designed system protection trials greatly affected armour protection design class ships krupp cemented armour plates sized match frames provide support joints locked joints better distribute shock shell impact millimetres waterline belt covered middle metres ship total height metres metres design waterline metres backed millimeters wood better fit hull armour remaining portion waterline protected millimetre plates backed millimetres wood upper belt millimetres thick height metres forward casemates way bow rear portion forecastle deck protected upward extension upper belt area forward barbettes upper casemates upper casemates protected fire transverse bulkheads armour longitudinal splinter bulkhead millimetres thick middle lower decks decreased millimetres middle upper decks bulkhead sloped away edge lower deck lower edge armour belt total thickness slope plate armour steel plate forward end armoured citadel protected separately transverse bulkhead thick rear bulkhead protection millimetres thick middle lower decks decreasing level armour belt main gun turrets sides thick roofs gun ports protected plates bulkheads separated gun barbettes thick decreasing millimetres armour shaped like truncated matched descending shells protective value conning tower millimetres thick reduced upper deck funnel protected armour upper deck millimetres thick middle deck consisted millimetre plates steel armoured citadel underwater protection minimal millimetre watertight bulkhead upward extension double thinner hull narrowed end turrets construction ships officially laid december work begin march april progress review june launching pair ships delayed october world war began hull advanced ship judged percent complete considerably war caused delays including problems obtaining imported components ships competing scarce resources production deemed necessary war ships launched clear russian industry able complete war turrets seriously delayed reclassified 2nd rank projects number plans post war completion ships including modifying turrets load fixed angle reduce weight complexity loading equipment intended change funnels metres smoke interference bridge noted problem class dreadnoughts suggestions improve machinery geared turbines turbo electric drive hydraulic transmission theoretical practical february revolution condition ships assessed april ship hull engines boilers complete armour complete turrets expected completed decided continue work provide jobs halted work october soviet ordered work halted december end russian civil war victorious considered finishing possibly original design taken years build turrets guns available delivered vickers revolution gun completed domestically prospects guns purchased vickers soviets promising given state heavy industry wake civil war problem complicated electrical system completed current conditions months required replace simpler system soviets considered finishing modified design featured inch guns gun turret weighed slightly triple inch gun turret proposals changes turrets armour scheme accepted prospects actually acquiring guns minimal domestic industry capable building large guns able purchase guns foreign company ideas examined complete ships included converting hulls cargo ships passenger liners long ton oil barges ideas rejected hulls thought large proposed alternative uses proposals accepted complete ships sold german company scrap august raise needed cash government worked requirements conversion aircraft carrier speed knots mph capacity aircraft armed millimetre guns armour reduced maximum millimetres proposal approved chairman july plan cancelled march managed gain control commission appointed review needs navy army strongly opposed spending additional money naval projects scrapped beginning ships ships named battles fought russian_empire
Borodino-class battlecruiser