river hull river hull river yorkshire north england rises series springs west enters estuary kingston hull following period charged tolls use free navigation upper reaches navigation subject tolls section city hull came jurisdiction port hull result course low lying land sea level regular flooding long standing problem drainage schemes alleviate constructed sides river drainage scheme east completed second phase drain west completed mouth river protected tidal barrier estuary closed prevent tidal entering river system causing flooding bridges cross river allow shipping pass swing bridges bridges twin leaves roads carry lift bridges type rolling bridge scott street bridge permanently raised originally powered high pressure water main maintained public power distribution company world course source yorkshire rises series springs west near site medieval village flows eastwards joined flows southwards continues flowing south western edge joined junction river hull flows east turning south reach route runs parallel river river mouth joined leads canal forms major navigation joins west followed hill lock marks end navigation official start river tidal tidal range tides feet winter feet summer lock collects water drains main channel flows navigation tunnel runs west river mouth lock surrounding land sea level river constrained flood banks sides route southwards river passes junction stream subsequently routed join join east bank entrance lock replaced flows west river crossed cause repeated disagreement owners navigation corporation owned bridge joins west lift bridge ferry bridge river reaches outskirts hull course marked series bridges open allow boats pass swing bridges lift bridges bridges river port hull river dividing line west city industrial area bridges cause ship traffic delays high tides river traffic drain river scott street bridge unused dry dock west bank marks entrance queens dock bridge muddy basin east bank entrance victoria dock river reaches confluence estuary centre kingston hull mouth tidal barrier constructed prevent tidal entering river past regularly flooded town flat countryside north history served navigation drainage channel subject conflicts usually creates water levels need raised navigation lowered efficient drainage laid claim river declared right navigate foot channel number fish navigation difficult archbishop negotiated removal wharf established serve town river rights extended charging tolls charged carried river merchants hull unhappy eventually river free navigation goods carried toll exempt tolls remained free mile mouth port hull control outlet river thought changed early medieval period original outlet identified place called creek second channel creek cut widened outlets existing simultaneously point creek subsequently reduced flow level drain lower river bordered salt marshes medieval times efforts drain upstream channels cut twelfth thirteenth centuries monks primarily enable travel boat gradually drainage system asked merchants advise ways allow reach town suggested small cut miles including lock river near merchants sought second opinion suggested longer canal running miles fully opened new route miles shorter river follows extremely winding course upper reaches river considered navigation tolls charged use period cut enabled act originally river addition drainage works east river banks raised miles east prevent flooding jurisdiction navigation commissioners attempted extend powers improve river junction particularly wanted replace stone near swing bridge easier reach bridge objected bridge main route communication commissioners instead parts river improve access plans improve resisted agreement finally reached act parliament obtained july year acted engineer act authorised construction new cut lock hill avoid long loop river rebuilding bridge bridge cost half met owner canal condition tolls passing reduced significantly passage hull long difficult number ships river loading unloading goods merchants advocated building docks hull separate entrance traffic upper river navigation unsuccessful attempted clause inserted act parliament obtained ensure free passage vessels removal tolls boats docks received complaints drainage commissioners believed water levels kept higher level good drainage environment agency constructed tidal barrier mouth river structure spans river huge steel gate weighing tonnes lowered effectively sealing river preventing tidal moving river flooding parts city low lying areas gate lowered times year protects properties million upgrade structure started ensure stay operational years upgrade included new drive mechanism raises gate structure lies horizontally vertically included new control system plans considered build barrage mouth hull joins maintain constant water level passes city idea raised report considered hull significant destruction second world war estimated cost project million traffic river free river figures traffic lower river connected number waterways tolls collected indication traffic gained figures waterways main coal bricks wool crops consisting wheat receipts tolls doubled tolls let independent collector annual rent charged privilege doubled steady expansion trade navigation period paid shareholders rose cent negotiated sum payment cover coal new carpet factory export downstream direction factory later corn mill toll continued increase rising tons cargo carried steam service started run hull return trips week journey times long advertisement indicated engine altered express steam service commence boats recorded trading hull day yorkshire published traffic included coal quarters wheat quarters quarters sacks flour additional quarters wheat sacks flour carried reached regular carrier operated hull week traffic tons tons coal minerals accounted quarter traffic goods carried included burnt ore flour scrap metal commercial traffic continued 1970s tolls collected tons cargo traffic navigation relatively steady falling slightly tons goods carried included coal wheat flour artificial income received pleasure craft navigation traffic declined 1930s commercial traffic finally carried tons succumbed road competition closed drainage problems flooding land adjacent river addressed construction drains sides east river protected drainage scheme worked plans scheme protect acres low lying land north east hull involved final report largely work act parliament work passed april trustees scheme wrote asking work project wife died fortnight previously engineers corresponded valuable comment plans involvement ran project included miles barrier bank east river acted superintendent scheme appointed resident engineer oversee construction drains regular visits october time main drainage channels completed point page moved oversaw additional work drains banks lasted years time completion scheme cost despite scheme problems near spent month area writing report july plan advocated separating water fell north flowed low lying areas local drainage low lying areas carried subsequent survey work behalf surveyed identify improved visited works time time making seven visits day day oversight scheme handled resident engineer succeeded engineer scheme completed having cost asked report possible solutions flooding west report formed basis passed parliament june appointed engineer scheme cost provide flood defences drainage acres land west river project included construction miles drainage cuts building miles river hull constructed drain passed tunnels waterways including bridges built carry roads drain project finished river crossings bridges hull area cross details shown following table starting north moving south river mouth present bridge designed built hull previous wrought iron swing bridge opened narrow feet wide closed demolished morris new bridge opened march scott street bridge gradually deteriorated public consultation held determine future time ton weight limit imposed traffic bridge poor structural state suggestions future close demolish estimated cost million build new bridge site different alignment eliminate awkward turn west end million actions taken bridge leaves raised remained raised consideration given preserving hydraulic operated bridge planning demolish structure set operating pumping station supplied water high pressure main ran bridge local industries power machinery including bridge constructed power company closed 1940s hull city world public system power distribution design link road included tunnel river initial investigations suggested layer boulder clay river bed chalk clay construction work started july built east bank cutting provided access twin bore tunnel nearly excavated foot hole appeared river bed entire site flooded month investigation took place suggested difficult finish tunnel maintain integrity despite million having spent project abandoned contract replacement bridge awarded june river crossed twin lift bridges opened april project cost million compared original budget million tunnel successfully constructed river mile long sewer runs city centre treatment works excavated machines manufactured canada named tunnel officially opened august mini car driven scenes film italian job ferry shipyard east bank owned assist workers reach shipyard designed built ferry bridge cost consisted large rectangular fitted bridge deck jack screws enabled deck raised lowered relation remained approximately height state tide eastern bank constructed variable height landing landing west bank constructed fixed campaigned variable landing prepared fund requests rejected fixed landing access bridge difficult high tides boat needed pass west end freed swung round lie parallel bank upstream downstream depending state tide position small barrel night bridge closed moored bank responsibility bridge taken second world war condition deteriorated attempted replace yards upstream ferry rights existence years act parliament needed thwarted petition containing signatures presented people house_of_lords plans new lift bridge drawn opened october upstream caused disagreement 18th century replaced demolished installed steel rolling bridge place bypass bridge built short distance upstream longer needed carry road traffic replaced end river millennium bridge opened ferry point gave access victoria dock opened replaced ferry making easier workers reach dock swing closed demolished points interest
River Hull