october october known people father prince king second world war campaigned independence french rule took place throne favour father went form political organisation led victory general elections prime minister father death introduced constitutional amendment head state position held governed party rule cracked political dissent democrat party officially neutral foreign relations practice communist countries particularly china united_states anti communist allies march overthrown paving way formation fled china north_korea went form government exile resistance movement known respectively leader lent support fought civil war won new government formed subsequently returned head state resigned position leading house arrest incarcerated vietnamese forces went exile formed resistance party following year appointed president consisting anti vietnamese resistance factions late 1980s informal talks carried end hostilities resistance factions formed transitional body oversee sovereign matters president peace signed established following year organised general elections coalition government jointly led son subsequently formed june reinstated head state september appointed king favour son succeeded king known king father death pursued artistic career lifetime wrote musical compositions produced films times directing acting early life reign child born union parents royal court advice dying young age raised parental care placed care grandmother pat pat died brought live paternal grandfather delegated responsibilities daughter received primary education school time received financial support maternal grandfather head amateur performance troupe soccer team sent pursued secondary education boarding school reigning king died april governor general french chose succeed appointment king following day crown council coronation ceremony took place japanese occupation dedicated time sports filming occasional tour countryside march japanese military occupied august dissolved nominal french colonial administration pressure japanese proclaimed independence assumed position prime minister serving king time prime minister revoked decree issued resident superior alphabet following august nationalist forces loyal son launched coup led prime minister french returned october dismissed replaced uncle negotiated greater autonomy managing internal affairs signed january granted autonomy joint french commission set draft constitution april introduced clauses provided elected parliament basis universal male suffrage press freedom constitution signed effect time trips france attended military training reserve captain french army early traveled paris parents negotiate french government autonomy replaced new treaty recognised independent practice treaty granted limited self rule given free managing foreign ministry lesser extent defence remained french control legislators national assembly started attacking government led prime minister failure resolve deepening financial corruption problems country legislators led defected democrat party november deposed replaced appointment sit democrats turn pressured dissolve national assembly hold elections tired political dissolved assembly september opted rule decree years general elections held democrats won october returned received supporters spectacle saw authority disappeared months later presumably join ordered democrat led government arrest ignored subsequently civil demonstrations rallying monarchy french broke countryside began suspect democrats played role june dismissed democrat nominee prime minister days later privately parliamentary democracy unsuitable january appointed prime minister leaving france wrote french president requesting grant independence citing widespread anti french sentiment populace deferred request french commissioner overseas territories promptly rejected subsequently traveled canada united_states gave radio interviews present case took advantage prevailing anti communist sentiment countries arguing faced communist threat similar vietnam solution grant independence returned june taking residence organised public rallies calling fight independence formed militia attracted recruits august france agreed control judicial interior affairs subsequently defense ministry october end month went declared independence france november sent cabinet ministers represent geneva conference agreements signed affirmed country independence allowed seek military aid country restrictions time relations governing democrat party remained strained wary growing influence politics counter democrat opposition held national referendum gauge public approval efforts seek national independence results showed percent approval australian historian noted open carried voters casting approval vote police surveillance era entry politics march throne turn succeeded father speech explained order palace life allow easier access common folk ordinary citizen according earned freedom pursue politics continuing enjoy received subjects king april formed political party expressed interest competing general elections slated held september effect political party argued seen political organisation explained accommodate people differing political sole condition pledged monarchy soon absorbed political parties different political time running patience democrat party left wing refused merge party campaigned appointed director national security ordered national police jail leaders break election rallies elections held received percent valid votes took seats replacing democrats majority party following month appointed prime minister office introduced constitutional changes including extending suffrage women adopting sole official language country making constitutional monarchy policy making powers prime minister king viewed socialism ideal concept establishing social equality national newly independent march embarked national programme buddhist socialism promoting socialist principles hand maintaining kingdom buddhist culture resigned retook post prime minister times citing fatigue caused nominated experienced politicians prime minister took leave similarly relinquished posts time months term cabinet ministers repeatedly disagreed public policy matters accepted military aid following january philippines state visit cia attempted sway placing protection subsequently began suspect attempting undermine government lending covert support democrat party parliamentary representation purpose hand developed good impression china premier gave warm reception visit february signed friendship treaty china promised million economic aid returned china leaders thailand respectively pro american sympathies started accuse pro communist south vietnam briefly imposed trade preventing trading ships travelling river reach professed pursuing policy neutrality remained established formal diplomatic relations china democrat party continued criticize newspaper august finally lost patience calling democrat leaders debate attended debate held royal palace spoke tone challenging democrat leaders present evidence government inviting join democrat leaders gave hesitant responses according american historian gave audience impression monarchy debate led effective demise democrat party leaders subsequently beaten government soldiers approval democrats focused preparing general elections slated held march drafted left wing politicians including stand candidates view winning left wing support fielded candidates elections withdrew prevented national police holding election rallies voting took place won seats national assembly december younger brother chief adviser idea coup overthrow contacted interior minister known pro american sympathies prepare coup boss received covert financial military assistance thailand cia january learned coup plans contact following month sent army capture executed soon captured effectively ending coup attempt accused united_states coup attempt months later august small packaged gift fitted parcel bomb delivered royal palace chief protocol killed instantly opened package parents sitting room far narrowly escaping unscathed investigation traced origin parcel bomb american military base publicly accused bomb attack secretly suspected involved incident deepened distrust initial years months poor health father died april blamed shock father received parcel bomb attack following day royal throne council met choose regent months introduced constitutional amendments create new post head state provided ceremonial powers equivalent king referendum held june approved proposals formally appointed head state june head state took ceremonial responsibilities king holding public audiences leading time continued play active role politics leader spokesperson criticized failing tackle inflation unemployment corruption country non criticisms gave impetus arrest leaders according discovered plans party monitor local political developments behalf foreign powers secretary general disappeared ideological ally suspected secretly captured killed police allowed left wing politicians run general elections won appointed left wing politicians planning commerce respectively election november called stop supporting believed secretly cia threatened reject economic aid failed respond demands threat later carried november time country trade banking sector industries oversee policy regulatory matters country trade set statutory board better known president died november december deaths accused attempting organised concerts granted civil servants extra leave time celebrate occasion government protested celebrations responded recalling ambassador early signed secret agreement allowing chinese military aid meant delivered port turn army paid delivering food supplies time percent military hardware supplies addition allowed build trail eastern troops receive war supplies trail later known trail learned presence eastern started bombing campaign diplomatic ties result secret agreement communist countries including china soviet_union czechoslovakia provided military aid continued leadership september general elections held legislators conservative right wing sympathies dominated national assembly turn nominated military general shared political sympathies prime minister choice sit conservative right wing influence october set shadow government legislators left wing sympathies end month offered resign position ironically stopped april uprising occurred local peasants fighting government troops soon government troops managed quell fighting began suspect left wing legislators rebellion threatened charge military tribunal fled jungle join leaving resigned prime minister early appointed place time replaced conservative leaning ministers appointed left leaning politicians later month receiving news chinese embassy published distributed communist propaganda populace praising cultural revolution accused china supporting local chinese engaging subversive activities august sent china foreign minister unsuccessfully urged stop chinese embassy communist propaganda response closed chinese friendship association september chinese government protested threatened close chinese embassy stepped compromised instructing embassy send publications information ministry prior distribution relations china worsened pursued learned kennedy widow expressed desire seeing opportunity restore relations invited visit personally hosted visit october visit paved way meet ambassador india expressed willingness restore relations hinted presence troops suggested turn blind eye forces enter attack relayed message government march launched bombing campaign covering parts eastern bombing forced flee jungle seek refuge populated towns villages result concerned drawn fighting vietnam war june extended diplomatic recognition hoping troops charge leave win war time openly admitted presence troops time prompting restore formal diplomatic relations months later economy corruption opened january satisfied aim generating state revenues million year caused sharp increase number august prime minister deputy months later left seek medical treatment leaving run government october december instituted policy changes ran contrary wishes allowing private banks open country encouraged ambassadors write directly instead going early january left medical treatment france shortly left took opportunity close deposition years march large protest took place outside north vietnamese protesters demanded troops withdraw protests turned chaotic protesters looted set fire paris time contemplated returning quell situation visiting moscow beijing opted thinking persuade leaders recall troops jungle originally established days later half brother wife summoned answer corruption charges night hearing ordered troops command arrest ended getting arrested troops instead march voted allowing assume emergency powers day moscow meeting soviet foreign minister broke news moscow flew beijing received arranged north vietnamese prime minister fly beijing meet encouraged rebel promised military financial support march announced formation resistance movement funk encouraged populace join fight government soldiers broadcast message countryside demonstrations cause brutally suppressed troops later announced formation government exile known leading communist countries including china north_korea break relations regime military trial convened july charged treason corruption capacity head state day trial judges ruled guilty charges sentenced death july took residence state beijing courtesy chinese north korean governments respectively february traveled started long journey leaders convoy proceeded trail reached border province following month traveled provinces entire leg journey faced constant bombardment american planes participating operation freedom deal visited temples august wrote open letter calling bring end suggesting possibility return country letter reached angrily rejected advances republic fell april new regime charge formed appointed ceremonial position september briefly returned inter ashes mother going abroad lobby diplomatic recognition democratic returned december presided meeting endorse constitution democratic february took tour countryside shocked use forced labour population displacement carried government known following tour decided resign head state initially rejected resignation request subsequently accepted mid april april point onwards kept house arrest royal palace september removed apartment suburbs lived end year confinement unsuccessful requests travel overseas new year day taken stayed days january taken taken meet plans vietnamese troops invaded parts eastern december january flew beijing greeted successor days later flew beijing new_york attend simultaneously condemned genocide vietnamese occupation subsequently sought asylum china making unsuccessful asylum applications france years regime overthrown new government supported vietnam established chinese leader unhappy vietnam influence government proposed operate overthrow government rejected opposed policies pursued power march established resistance movement complemented small resistance army known appointed briefly served prime minister commander chief needed military aid china seized opportunity sway collaborating reluctantly agreed started talks march son led people national liberation unified anti resistance movement rounds negotiations singapore prime minister agreed form june headed functioned government exile unsuccessfully negotiated years chinese government broker political settlement end vietnamese occupation period appointed sons lead appointed deputy chief staff march twin positions commander chief chief staff january replacing december prime minister government met discuss ending protracted vietnamese war following july foreign minister indonesia round meetings factions consisting government future rounds meetings held february held near known jim july joined french foreign minister opening discussions took place plans vietnamese troop withdrawal power sharing arrangements hypothetical future government following month resigned president remained party ordinary member september united_nations sponsored establishment administrative body responsible overseeing sovereign affairs interim period sponsored elections held creation subsequently ratified resolution july left altogether elected administration era october led signing recognised legitimate representative sovereignty created serve transitional government turn given mandate station troops supervise troops factions carry national elections subsequently returned november rode open airport way royal palace city residents lined streets welcome return administration set february operations refused cooperate response urged abandon process occasions july september period resided occasionally traveled helicopter supervise election preparations resistance bases left november seek medical treatment beijing stayed months return eve elections beijing proposed presidential system government secretary general soon dropped idea facing opposition general elections held headed son won headed came second unhappy election results june called lead government complied announced formation headed deputies surprised announcement informed father plans joined australia china united_kingdom united_states opposing plan following day rescinded announcement national radio broadcast june reinstated head state constituent assembly session presided took opportunity declare coup état illegal head state renamed military namesake issued orders officially country simply minor modifications lyrics flag design time appointed prime ministers equal powers arrangement provisional ratified july august met presented draft constitutional monarchy headed king republic led head state opted draft constitutional monarchy ratified constituent assembly september second reign new constitution came force september reinstated permanent coalition government formed political party turn second prime ministers respectively shortly left beijing spent months cancer treatment april returned following month called government hold new elections opted government rejected suggestion pressed proposed national unity government consisting headed prime ministers rejected proposal arguing past attitude proposal unrealistic backed expressed frustration ignoring younger half brother official biographer respectively saw clear sign monarchy ability exert control national affairs diminished prime ministers july sons led failed coup attempt government following coup attempt took refuge hotel government troops soon discovered hideout surrounded hotel called negotiated government representatives allow exile malaysia following november accused plotting assassinate imprisoned intervened detained interior ministry headquarters convinced secret plan kill remain prison relocated safer location appealed allowed exile france family subsequently accepted offer relations prime ministers deteriorated march accused repeatedly delaying allocation process low level government posts threatened pull coalition government hold national elections year demands met officials following month presided meeting royal family members senior officials paris attempted reduce tensions assuring leave coalition government elements planning bring march expressed willingness throne claiming rising anti royalist sentiment populace threatening monarchy existence response warned introduce constitutional amendments prohibit members royal family participating politics followed suggestion saw remained popular electorate feared enter politics win future elections political july violent clashes erupted infantry forces separately allied effectively led forces defeated voiced displeasure clashes calling coup term members elected prime minister replace august charged illegal renewed offer throne plan september political talks staged protests led government irregularities general elections talks broke end month narrowly escaped assassination attempt accused months later november second round political talks agreement reached coalition government maintained monthly bulletin wrote commentaries political issues posted old photos 1950s 1960s character known appeared monthly bulletin expressing critical comments government offended criticisms occasions persuaded stop publishing comments according alter ego claim denied july expressed concern absence detailed constitutional provisions organization functioning throne council rejected concern followed september threatening force throne council elect new monarch july general elections held won failed secure thirds parliamentary seats required constitution form new government runner parties election blocked instead august filed complaints alleged electoral irregularities complaints rejected threatened boycott swearing ceremony parties change decision stating presiding ceremony comply wishes parties eventually backed threats swearing ceremony held october attendance held additional talks break political stalemate avail time proposed unity government jointly led politicians political parties rebuffed final years july open letter announced plans time criticised ignoring suggestions resolve political stalemate past year agreed introduce constitutional amendment provided open voting system requiring select cabinet ministers president hands disapproved open voting system calling senate president sign amendment advice ferried country shortly convened vote amendment july july agreed form coalition government leaving opposition party october wrote letter calling throne council select successor senate held emergency meetings pass laws allowing monarch october throne council unanimously voted select successor crowned october march accused thailand vietnam territory border exercises participation months later formed headed address concerns expressed support formation decided form separate body deal border concerns serve advisory body signed border treaty vietnam october dissolved august based human rights called state immunity lifted allow testify responded inviting public affairs officer discussion session personal experience regime criticized suggestion accusing subsequently rejected invitation following year relations thailand strained overlapping claims land area surrounding temple issued july emphasizing architecture temple ruling temple favour august stated stop posting messages personal website getting old making difficult personal duties spent time beijing medical care final public appearance birthday 20th anniversary october expressed intent stay indefinitely returned beijing january medical treatment advice chinese doctors death funeral january issued letter express wish cremated death ashes interred golden months later september said return beijing birthday citing fatigue october died heart attack time news broke government officials flew beijing pay respects government announced official mourning period seven days october october state flags ordered fly height days later body brought beijing flight million people lined streets airport royal palace witness return late november said funeral carried february body lay state royal palace months funeral held february metre street procession held body subsequently kept royal february body cremated following day royal family scattered ashes river rest kept palace throne hall year october featuring bronze statue inaugurated july ashes interred silver daughters artistic works film making produced films lifetime developed interest cinema young age attributed frequent trips cinema parents shortly king amateur films sent students study film making france film lord jim released negative portrayal gave response produced feature film went produce direct act films members royal family military generals star films expressed films created intent portraying positive light noted films filled cold war nationalist propaganda themes adviser said films created 1960s amateur standard director similarly commented films lacked artistic qualities films nominated 5th moscow international film festival launched held second time years special award category designated golden prize nominee winner ousted ceased producing films seventeen years received special jury prize international film festival moscow revealed received budget ranging film productions government years later donated film archives orient france australia produced film declared retirement film making music wrote musical compositions late 1940s early 1970s combining traditional western themes works 1940s 1960s compositions based sentimental romantic patriotic themes romantic songs reflected numerous romantic particularly relationship wife compositions dedicated wrote songs meant showcase beauty provincial towns time foster sense patriotism national unity notable compositions flower beauty city examples compositions including goodbye sentimental songs neighbouring countries including indonesia china ousted head state wrote revolutionary style songs praised leaders communist countries including intended gratitude communist leaders supported young age learned play musical instruments including saxophone piano 1960s led musical band relatives perform french songs personal compositions diplomats royal palace tours provinces accompanied royal military orchestra pop singers later living exile 1980s hosted concerts entertain diplomats visited new_york_city reinstated king continued perform concerts held royal palace occasional basis titles styles known formal informal titles lifetime identifies royal served greatest variety state political offices king bestowed official title bat reigns reverted title prince year given father successor title translates english prince king starting early 1960s head state known translates prince father english second known king father official title bat referred majesty king great heroic king king father independence territorial integrity national unity time issued royal decree requesting called translates grandfather great grandfather respectively english died october bestowed son posthumous title literally translates king lies diamond english personal life derived sanskrit words translates lion jaws respectively english fluent french english learned greek latin high school high school days played soccer basketball took horse riding suffered diabetes depression 1960s late 1970s living captivity november suffered stroke caused blood vessels diagnosed cell treated surgery went returned region suffered bout prolonged treatment went following year built personal residence lived years head state following overthrow took residence beijing lived state year stay moved larger residence city housed french embassy residence equipped temperature swimming pool cinema seven cook meals north korean leader built room mansion built near artificial lake spent time taking boat trips shot films compound august declared assets website according consisted small house cash savings stored french bank stated residences beijing owned governments china north_korea respectively belong family april married daughter lady french banker italian ancestry lifelong partner 1990s changed marriage married women including died marriages women ended divorce fourteen children different wives bore children years children fourteen grandchildren disappeared believed killed following issue ancestry books war cia fight survival united_states_of_america books isbn tragedy history politics war revolutions united_states_of_america isbn chin southeast asian affairs isbn legacy lessons research report sweden isbn retrieved monument books volume shadows memoirs majesty king monument books isbn ross patriots asian leaders maryland united_states_of_america isbn extraordinary life extraordinary life singapore isbn warrior prince son king singapore isbn men influential people isbn light prince darkness honolulu hawaii united_states_of_america isbn intervention change democracy isbn summers far_east new_york united_states_of_america psychology press isbn dancing shadows united_nations maryland united_states_of_america isbn reports cinema archived original august retrieved july arthur april intelligence report years chinese communist foreign policy archived original august retrieved june september personal reflection extraordinary friendship fringes cold war cross currents east asian history culture review archived original september retrieved september october majesty birthday special supplement archived original august retrieved july january royal songs royal singing music archival collection managing director june memory international film heritage festival archived original august retrieved july
Norodom Sihanouk