listening listening hobby listening radio broadcasts located frequencies listeners range casual users seeking international news entertainment programming immersed technical aspects radio reception collecting official cards document reception distant broadcasts developing countries listening enables remote communities obtain regional programming traditionally provided local medium wave broadcasters estimate placed number listeners worldwide hundreds millions practice long distance radio listening began 1920s broadcasters established europe audiences discovered international programming available bands consumer radio receivers number magazines listener clubs catering practice arose result listening especially popular times international conflict world war korean war listeners use inexpensive portable world band radio receivers access bands advanced employ specialized communications receivers featuring digital technology designed reception signals outdoor enhance performance advent internet international broadcasters scaled terminated favor web based program distribution moving traditional analog digital broadcasting modes order allow efficient delivery programming number organized listening clubs diminished printed magazines devoted hobby enthusiasts continue exchange information news web history practice listening distant stations medium wave broadcast band carried bands early pioneer medium wave broadcasting pittsburgh instituted broadcasts stations affiliated general_electric followed shortly united_states broadcasters began popular radio programs attempt attract foreign audiences 1930s new receivers appeared market popular magazines clubs stations offered unique cards europe broadcasts britain netherlands began germany italy soviet_union britain countries soon followed classic broadcasters got start bbc began broadcasts aimed principally english speakers broadcasting english french german italian arabic began broadcasting entry world war yankee musical theme technically minded listening war years demands military service casual listeners seeking war news foreign broadcasters increased receiver manufacturers contributed war production launched multi band series radios countries war listening foreign stations criminal offense established chinese station broadcast programming aimed listening restricted japan station bombed japanese cbs began listening program september experimental basis west tennis club new_york engineers installed equipment cbs booth location found good reception monitors relayed european news cbs headquarters new_york tennis matches world war cbs captured allied enemy communications international stations secretly located receivers translations intercepted broadcasts new_york newspapers associated_press turn newspapers radio stations united_states major headline news frequently resulted big stories broke radio listeners notified families prisoners war studio stations axis powers countries germany japan read prisoner written messages allied monitors notified families listeners report broadcasts listeners countries monitored messages americans actively discouraged listening reports broadcasting names american prisoners regarded propaganda trick build listening audience axis radio programs director cbs listening post told journalist reliable source information prisoners expressed concern receiving seven letters week requesting german broadcasts service members mentioned reason nazis prisoner broadcasts people anxious relatives reported missing listen propaganda messages undoubtedly true represent small fraction prisoners assurance faked papers picked battlefield concerns consequences listening nazi broadcasts trained listener nazi arguments sound plausible person listen skepticism world knowing word lie content sufficiently sensational source forgotten time pops nazi lie new_zealand listeners reported voices broadcast korean war 1950s 60s columns magazines tuning short wave bands listener news sources radio listeners monitor registration program begun offered like number specialty radio clubs arose decades provided exchange news information similar magazines expanded coverage new electronics topics 1970s led cancellation long time listening columns beginning slightly earlier short lived program radio stations began programs providing news prominent programs swiss merry round example notable programming happy station popularly called world longest running radio program originated station continuing world war radio netherlands broadcast terminated producer presenter resurrected happy station march longer associated new effort transmitted globally internet streaming radio 1990s americans tuned foreign news broadcasts electronics retailers reported run portable receivers increased interest time practices listening broadcast stations news information programming common listeners abbreviated goal receive stations countries possible known routinely test limits antenna systems radios radio propagation knowledge specialized interests listeners include listening utility shipping sailing naval aviation military signals listening intelligence signals numbers stations tuning amateur radio stations listeners obtain cards confirm contact operators broadcasters utility stations trophies hobby traditionally listeners send letters station reception reports requests schedules stations accept provide reception report forms web sites reception reports valuable information propagation interference station engineers publications dedicated providing information listeners including magazines digital supplement magazine defunct spectrum monitor digital publication united_states annual publications passport defunct addition stations provide broadcast schedules mail mail radio programs dedicated listening recently programs curtailed dropped international broadcasters hosts program called estimated millions listeners according estimated numbers households set working order asia led large majority followed europe sub africa soviet_union respectively total estimated number households worldwide set working order said varied common age occupation david_letterman admitted fan bbc developing countries use means receiving local regional programming china russia domestic channels target listeners far provinces listening educational tool classrooms poor sound reproduction unreliable signal quality access seen humanitarian organizations like ears world distribute portable self powered radios developed parts globe enabling people remote impoverished parts world educational programming local international news emergency information music recently group involved sending radios haiti victims haiti earthquake stay abreast local disaster recovery efforts equipment radio receivers radios reception generally higher performance intended local broadcast band reception signals requires radio increased sensitivity stability modern radio receivers relatively inexpensive easily accessible use portable world band receivers built use expensive communications receivers outdoor antenna located away electrical noise sources wire features typical modern solid state communications receivers frequency coverage type double triple conversion stages crystal controlled stage product reception signal strength meter gain control adjustments antenna filters tuning audio frequency display analog digital older vacuum tube based communications receivers known large size weight receivers include modern solid state receivers large heavy feature coming wide use modern receivers technology short digital signal processing use digital means process signals primary benefit receivers ability tailor receiver current reception conditions type signal listened typical analog receiver limited number fixed receiver individually filters important trend modern listening use radios radios designed controlled standard personal computer radios suggests controlled specialized software serial port connected radio radio panel designed exclusively computer control reduces cost pure software defined radios signal manipulation software usually dedicated piece hardware future listening rise internet influenced broadcasters cease favor broadcasting world wide web discontinued service europe north_america caribbean generated protests activist groups shifting resources internet television oversees international broadcasting resulted reduced broadcasting hours english language prominent broadcasters continue scale analog completely terminate common active developing regions parts africa international broadcasters turned digital mode broadcasting called outlets reason digital broadcasts cover geographic region power roughly fifth power traditional mode broadcasts significantly reducing electricity cost operating station traditional analog international station power rating kilowatts million typical power levels range endorsed approved international standard digital broadcasts bands broadcast rivals quality send graphic images web pages separate information channel listening remains popular tune homeland additionally number remotely controlled receivers located world available users web radio report number listening clubs diminished printed magazines devoted hobby enthusiasts continue web sites originate dedicated pursuit
Shortwave listening