august june german novelist doctor best known novel prolific writer spans half century wide variety literary movements styles important figures german literary complete works comprise dozen novels ranging genre historical novels science fiction novels modern metropolis dramas radio plays true crime story travel account book length philosophical scores essays politics religion art society numerous letters complete works republished span thirty volumes published novel die des lung appeared final novel hamlet die tales long night published year death born stettin germany poland jews moved mother siblings berlin years old father abandoned live berlin years engaging key figures era german cultural scene circle years rise literary celebrity publication forced exile rise nazi dictatorship spent france forced flee start second world war like german spent war years los_angeles converted catholicism moved west_germany war feel home postwar germany conservative cultural climate returned france final years marked poor health financial difficulties literary work met relative neglect despite status characterized recognized forgotten author work received increasing critical attention german decades known reading public representatives german life early life born august house port city province fourth children born master tailor née daughter merchant marriage characterized tension max artistic interests later attribute siblings artistic cool jews alfred aware broad societal anti early parents marriage dissolved july years junior moved america start new life catastrophic loss father central event childhood formative later life shortly october children moved berlin took residence small apartment berlin working class east parents briefly reconciled max returned america family moved hamburg april came light max brought lover leading double life children returned berlin september sense rocky experiences school difficult time early good student starting fourth year gymnasium performance tended mediocre furthermore tendencies stern educational system stood contrast artistic free thought earned status rebel teachers despite hatred school early passionate writer reader counting important early influences wrote novel rushing completing school dedicated sent copy prominent critic philosopher returned days later wishing hide artistic mother sent manuscript false able retrieve post office rewrite entirely university years early career receiving enrolled began studying general medicine moved continue studies concentrating began disturbances memory winter semester psychiatric clinic completed april published year berlin applied berlin stettin apparently turned account jewish origins taking short lived position assistant doctor regional asylum october took position berlin psychiatric clinic worked assistant doctor nearly years transferred city hospital urban dedicated internal medicine renewed interest opened private practice october berlin neighborhood moving practice berlin working class east working met year old nurse protestant background romantically involved spring began seeing year old medical student daughter wealthy jewish factory owner despite continued involvement urging family reluctantly engaged february married january younger brother hugo served best men early engagement unaware pregnant son born october raised grandmother following death tuberculosis end life maintained loose contact treatment lasting source guilt son born october baptized protestant studies berlin written second novel black curtain novel portrays developing sexuality protagonist explores themes love hate use literary montage radical techniques later pioneer introduced mutual acquaintance met music student better known founded journal modeled newspaper torch soon count involved contributors provided venue publication numerous literary contributions acquaintance poet regular meetings café des wine bar got know circle artists intellectuals central movement berlin including october met painter painted portraits illustrated literary works early novel published november munich publishing house published collection title die und completed novel leaps die des published historical novel political uprising 18th century china literary breakthrough earning literary acclaim public recognition prestigious began writing mit der struggle following year completing december published world war years avoid conscription volunteered december posted doctor despite sharing widespread early enthusiasm war german intellectuals soon developed disposition son born march followed december family lived small apartment financial situation berlin apartment end february end august awarded prize including monetary award marks tells story political 18th century china following recognition set work historical novel set thirty years war work novel march caught able use university library april continue researching thirty years war came conflict superiors poor treatment patients august transferred library nearby helped complete beginning beginning moved new apartment medical practice berlin immediate postwar period turbulent time financial situation dire death sister march result injury sustained skirmishes nationalist troops berlin showed volatile situation germany aftermath november revolution years immediately war marked growing joined party identified political left time wrote number satirical political essays pseudonym variation published volume called der german masked ball february met year old photographer charlotte close romantic relationship years despite age difference year following family vacation baltic coast began preparatory work science fiction novel und mountains seas giants published joined president november began reviewing plays joined discussion circle progressive communist intellectuals including likely counted significant influences introduced end september set month trip poland fischer prompted anti semitic berlin event awakened interest judaism description travels warsaw cities published november title journey poland worked free verse epic figure indian mythology published like philosophical tract der published year proved failure public despite continued rise prominence intellectual world example elected prestigious persistent support literary economic success continued changed october publication novel earned national global fame best known novel essay die des romans crisis novel sees berlin radical use montage solution traditional novel soon began transforming radio play agreed screenplay film version premiered october early 1930s marked high point fame time lectures readings effort contribute collective intellectual response growing power month hitler ascension power left germany crossing switzerland march exile later life brief stay family moved paris closest acquaintances time claire saw kept sporadic relationship decade time finished novel end began work narrates colonization published time began work novel project november revolution germany end world war acquired french october briefly visited united_states pen congress new_york writers met roosevelt white house saw old berlin acquaintance suffering severe depression killed shortly start second world war family fled paris manuscripts able brought basement start war german occupation france worked french ministry information writing counter propaganda texts nazi germany group french journalists artists like aged uprooted german invasion france spent weeks refugee camp time began attending mass cathedral turn christianity religious conversion following year september alfred boarded lisbon reaching new_york days later october moved los_angeles worked briefly metro writing dollars week contract expired october renewed despite alfred baptized roman catholics hollywood november completed work november spring unable find publisher work published german american exile private printing copies episode november isolation setbacks exile drawing strong distinction situation successful writers oppressed material concerns honor birthday organized party august attendance gave speech read aloud works presented notes praise alfred compositions performed sang berlin festivities gave speech mentioned conversion catholicism religious moral tone proved fell ears year old son called military service french army spring brought good news alive switzerland period working french resistance grim dead having committed suicide years earlier october alfred arrived new_york sailing aboard argentine europe settled worked french military government official representative office public education tasked approving manuscripts publication opposed approval texts authors postwar germany conservative cultural climate unable draw earlier success author continued literary engagement series publications journals aimed rebuild germany intellectual cultural life literature banned nazis growth younger writers despite efforts disappointed apparent continuity nazi years postwar climate growing fueled sense isolation postwar german literary scene alfred returned paris despite invitation settle novel hamlet die tales long night published favorably received remaining years marked poor health disease lengthy stays multiple hospitals including alma mater intervention able receive money berlin office charge victims nazi persecution literary prize sum helped finance growing medical expenses died hospital june buried days later village cemetery son took life september buried alfred major works die des leaps novel published book garnered prize published dated epic historical novel narrates revolution 18th century china favorably received critics praised detailed exotic depictions china influence younger german writers including provided impulse development theory epic theatre commercial sales successful novel mit der comic novel seen experimental narrative technique refusal characters depictions berlin modern metropolis precursor better known mit der battle tells story factory owner locked losing battle powerful competitor futile increasingly fortification defense family garden house suburban following dissipation endeavor suffers breakdown finally flees country aboard steamship bound america powered steam turbines victorious competitor wrote novel fall submitting extensive stylistic revisions serving doctor western published fischer stringent refusal tragic tone book earned praise young epic thirty years war general favorably received critics disappointed reception felt created work consequence wrote scathing critique critics published title und die epic poet material critique novel centers tension holy roman emperor general represents new type warfare characterized ruthless capitalist expansion ferdinand increasingly overwhelmed course events gradually politics altogether approach war differed prevailing historiography interpreting thirty years war primarily religious conflict portrays critically absurd consequence combination national political financial individual psychological factors saw strong similarity thirty years war world war wrote novel counted innovative significant historical novels german literary tradition und science fiction novel recounts course human history 20th 27th century portraying catastrophic global struggle technological natural forces competing political visions und mountains seas giants topics nature ecological devastation modern world mass migration terrorism state surveillance genetic engineering synthetic food breeding humans warfare structurally experimental regarded difficult work came critics praised novel continued relevance insight generally considered masterpiece iconic text published innovative use literary montage portrayal modern metropolis earned place key works literary tells story novel opens released prison killing lover seeks respectable quickly drawn struggle comes unpredictable looks like destiny suffers series setbacks including murder lover loss arm novel earned global recognition literary celebrity filmed twice berlin directed starring television film poll noted writers world named books time november german revolution november german revolution november revolution novel german revolution volumes vol und citizens soldiers vol people betrayed vol iii der return troops vol und comprise significant work period exile work highly praised figures critic described november representing culmination work genre historical novel tales long night hamlet die tales long night novel set england immediately second world war novel narrates story english soldier badly wounded war family edward deal war trauma long buried family conflicts sense self novel treats themes search self guilt responsibility struggle sexes war violence religion wrote novel august october published decade later release publishing house novel received reference hamlet german title likely motivated reading interpretation shakespeare hamlet legacy generally considered important german writers twentieth century popular perception work rests exclusively considered canonical german novel modern metropolis writing characterized innovative use montage play dubbed fantasy fact draws modern ranging psychiatric theological order register articulate sensory experience open prose new areas knowledge engagement key movements european avant garde led critic significant representative literary berlin essay declared elements work prose influence writers wrote learned essence epic epic writing theory epic strongly influenced dramatic art modern edited critical volumes complete appearing german 1980s published fischer held years early 1980s handful works fiction appeared english translations trans hong_kong november trilogy people betrayed includes troops return trans tales long night trans john woods international lesser known big city novel men mercy trans works autobiography translated destiny journey trans account flight exile 1940s account journey poland trans papers manuscripts housed selected works
Alfred Döblin