died october medieval abbot bishop rochester archbishop_of_canterbury studied school abbey entered abbey abbot friend took death chosen archbishop canterbury chapter canterbury election involved assembly lords bishops meeting king henry england received pope travelling rome retrieve archbishop rights canterbury liberties english church claimed authority wales scotland time pope suffered stroke july left partially unable speak clearly time death october surviving english translation sermon delivered preserved manuscript sermon survives latin manuscripts early life son wife half brother surname known older scholarship attested fourteenth century possibly resulted confusion successor canterbury studied school abbey entering abbey martin house founded montgomery families abbot house election attended abbot time england soon paid visit england visit daughter house involved surrender state delivered keys castle king henry england took refuge england demands homage declined homage pope urban ordered clergy homage robert demanding heavy taxes fled bishop subjected robert demands passed time england friends attended translation remains durham body declared saint remains visited abbey probably try assert elected canterbury appears archbishop household june succeeded bishop rochester having nominated death consecrated august deathbed april acted administrator canterbury april chosen archbishop windsor king wanted doctor italian abbot nobles bishops objected norman appointed bishops desired monk close henry compromise chosen secular clergy bishops favoured monk served royal clerk bishop reconciled bishops selection archbishop_of_canterbury noteworthy chosen chapter canterbury election involved assembly bishops meeting king selected solely king solely bishops chapter received pope travelling rome retrieve difficulty pope persuaded grant attempting assert papal jurisdiction brought england letters complaining translating bishops papal permission refused entry england king allowing appeals pope ecclesiastical issues pope demanded payment payment direct penny household england took professed fidelity canonical obedience pope submit papal demands fact supported king henry opposing pope demands archbishop championed rights canterbury english church claimed authority wales scotland writing pope church canterbury ceased provide pastoral care britain ireland rights advised bishop new built granted contributors refused archbishop york obedience archbishop_of_canterbury canterbury york dispute depended king demand submit later appealed force obey refusal brought dispute pope supported visited rome unable obtain interview pope fled city invading imperial army taken ill face trip rome time feared die recovered continue rome fruitless trip despite instructions successors archbishop continued refuse died eventually consecrated pope issue remained unresolved feuded york appears clear considered crisis settled england visiting rome took neutral position regards issues pope emperor refused bernard bishop david royal chapel king chief advocated place royal chapel according ancient custom king insist won confrontation involved ecclesiastical affairs attended provincial held final years legacy suffered stroke july removing celebrating mass death partially unable speak clearly involved decision making agreed king alexander scotland suggestion lords consulted london successfully asserted right celebrate king new marriage attempts roger salisbury instead damage stroke unable perform ceremony roger attempt successfully insisted choosing bishop winchester performed marriage died october canterbury buried nave october nephew john clerk later appointed canterbury death john elected rochester regarded witty man struggle york illnesses effects stroke turned years person said educated loved people william lover ready find fault find fault occasional wrote sermon feast survives latin manuscripts probably thought written shown surviving english translation sermon preserved manuscript latin version translation originally spoken french version edited published monks christ church canterbury search documents relating privileges canterbury documents copied manuscript survives seal usual form bishop seals standing including performing right hand holding left seal took form pointed oval
Ralph d'Escures