means inside aquatic animals ranging millimetres long mature individuals shaped relatively long crown solid generate water currents draw food particles mouth mouth lie inside crown similar outside crown hollow families colonial species marine solitary species slowly species water brood chambers hatch species use like organs developing eggs hatching larvae swim short time settle surface gut mouth face upwards colonial solitary species reproduce solitary species grow clones space release developed colonial ones produce new members corridor like fossils rare earliest specimens identified confidence date late studies onwards regarded members includes study concluded closely related recently fossil ancient bearing originally having identified interpretation questioned considers best interpreted stem group based morphology stem names coined means inside alternative meaning bent curved animals assigned authors use prefer description species colonial members known fully independent animals typically millimetre long range millimetres long distinguishing features like groups crown generate water currents draw food particles mouth different feeding mechanisms internal anatomy undergo adult destroys tissues colonies founder different daughters body mature like structure mounted relatively long stalk surface rim bears crown solid extensions body wall base crown surrounded membrane partially covers mouth lie opposite sides space enclosed crown closed muscles gut shaped curving base form stomach lined membrane consisting single layer cells multiple colonial species arise shared attachment plates network tubes run surface solitary species stalk ends muscular flexible foot cemented surface stalk muscular produces characteristic motion species solitary species muscular foot body wall consists external cuticle consists mainly cross fibers contains single layer cells bears multiple hairs tiny penetrate cuticle colonial species thicker internal fluid filled cavity lined internal organs embedded tissue lies stomach base crown nervous system runs tissue controlled pair nerves run stalk sense organs areas feeding circulation band cells multiple runs sides connecting neighbors gap band nearest separate band grows groove runs close inner base crown narrow extension inner surface sides create current flows crown bases exits center crown pass food particles inner surface inner produce downward current drives particles groove mouth generally use band creates feeding current traps food particles downstream collecting food articles trapped exit past downstream collecting carried bands generate current larvae use downstream collecting use separate set trap food particles addition sticky threads capture large particles non colonial species reported cells resemble fire sticky threads unusual cells lie mouth provide additional means capturing prey stomach lined thought absorb nutrients opens inside crown solid outgoing current filtered food water families raised cone level groove conducts food mouth species pair extract internal eliminate pores near mouth freshwater species multiple stalk absorb oxygen carbon dioxide works small animals reproduction life cycle species simultaneous switch male female mature individuals species remain sex lives individuals pairs placed stomach opening single eggs thought species release eggs hatch larvae brood eggs brood small eggs like organ larvae species larger eggs live stored yolk development egg follows typical pattern cells divide spiral develops specific cell labelled early embryo stage species feeds floating food particles bands round equator sweep food mouth uses drive stomach uses expel remains species genera produces separate form new individuals produce sensory pair pigment cup little eyes pair large bearing foot settling foot frontal attach surface larvae species undergo complex internal organs rotate mouth point upwards species produce clones colonial species produce new form large colonies way solitary species clones form floor released organs developed taxonomy consists recognized species grouped families evolutionary history fossil record small soft bodied fossils extremely rare provided description animal stalk found canada formed million years ago morris regarded animal earliest known mouth lay inside ring structures noted structures flat stiff modern flexible round cross section concluded typical rounded flexible fossils showed features clearly resembled opinion earliest fossil specimens found late rocks england resemble modern colonial genus ways including upright linked network surface colony attached straight joined transverse bands overall size proportions similar modern species species described larger extant reaching height unlike modern species armored scale like structures similar lifestyle modern identified fossils found million year old rocks southern china places early period explosion family tree discovered nineteenth century regarded classes groups animals filter fed means crown bore onwards increasing awareness differences including position inside feeding structure difference early pattern division cells embryos caused scientists regard groups separate alternative outside feeding organ studies team argue sinking class currently identified consensus studies onwards members united having basic form type include scientists disagree closely related analysis introduced meaning term group closest relatives ecology distribution habitats species great majority marine species live freshwater reported central thailand found continents antarctica colonial species found oceans living rocks shells algae underwater buildings solitary species marine live animals feed producing water currents interaction organisms species sea particularly genus prey small colonies freshwater found living aquatic larvae gain means dispersal protection predators possibly source water rich oxygen nutrients colonies live gills flies non colonial prefers live attached colonies mainly edges colonies chimneys gaps large colonies expel water food observation suggests benefit association water flow needs feeding longer help capture different food caught animals compete food small little studied difficult determine specimen belongs species occurs area possibly result human activities
Entoprocta