commonly known loaded gunpowder species fungus family mushrooms characterized small medium sized fruit bodies white pale gray caps crowded roughly conical irregular gray stipe whitish gray like veil remnants base shaped base rooted somewhat deeply soil species distributed eastern north_america nova scotia mexico found growing ground deciduous forests particularly oak chestnut fruit bodies smell somewhat like powder edibility unknown possibly toxic taxonomy described american mycologist later transferred species genus authority writing extensive monograph genus placed species section grouping mushroom species includes named species authored described species latin epithet means charged load carrying regular derived burden word gave english commonly known loaded gunpowder description fruit bodies caps initially broadly convex mature reaching cap surface grayish white color conical raised flattened arranged gray brownish gray grayish brown grayish orange small scales densely arranged surface crowded near edge cap margin margin typically fringed remnants veil gills underside cap spaced closely free narrowly attached stipe white cream color interspersed short gills extend completely cap margin stipe gills look stipe long thick slightly upwards solid gray brownish gray near base paler appears base stipe roughly shaped root deeply soil especially soil loose short lived partial veil white attached stipe sticky maturity upper stipe remnants hanging cap margin universal veil remains arranged rows patches gray brownish gray small scales upper portion color dirty white flesh firm white fruit bodies range smell mild slightly unpleasant odor described resembling lime smell similar bathroom containing microscopic characteristics viewed deposit spore print spores white viewed microscope spores broadly ellipsoid thin walled dimensions basidia spore bearing cells club shaped spored spored cheilocystidia cystidia found edge gill ellipsoid pear shaped cells partly short rows cap cuticle thick consists thin walled interwoven hyphae diameter clamp connections present hyphae species short branches connecting cell previous cell allow passage products nuclear division edibility edibility unknown mushroom described possibly poisonous general species best avoided consumption prevalence toxic species genus similar species confused similar gray veil remnants cap surface distinguished absence cap absence scales base stipe distinctly lime similar species found costa_rica north american species shorter spaced apart basal arranged parallel rows habitat distribution grows solitary scattered ground mixed oak chestnut forests southern new_england texas species preference sandy loose soils range extends north nova_scotia canada south mexico cited books california mad river press isbn
Amanita onusta