german october german politician propaganda nazi_germany adolf_hitler close associates devoted followers known skills public speaking deep led supporting jews holocaust author obtained doctor philosophy degree joined worked northern branch appointed district leader berlin began interest use propaganda promote party programme nazi seizure power propaganda ministry quickly gained exerted controlling supervision news media arts information germany particularly adept relatively new media radio film propaganda purposes topics party propaganda included attacks christian churches start second world war attempting shape morale began pressure hitler introduce measures produce total war including closing businesses essential war effort women labour force enlisting men previously exempt hitler finally appointed total war july undertook largely unsuccessful measures increase number people available armaments production war drew close nazi_germany faced defeat children joined berlin moved underground hitler underground bunker complex april hitler committed suicide april accordance hitler succeeded chancellor germany served day post following day wife committed suicide poisoning children early life born october industrial town south near parents catholics humble beginnings father factory clerk mother née dutch siblings maria maria married german filmmaker published pamphlet family tree rumors grandmother jewish ancestry childhood suffered ill health included long bout lungs deformed right foot turned thicker shorter left foot underwent failed operation correct prior starting grammar school wore metal special shoe shortened leg walked rejected military service world war educated christian gymnasium completed university entrance examination student class given traditional honor speak awards ceremony parents initially hoped catholic priest seriously considered studied literature history universities munich aided scholarship time begun distance church historians including speculate lifelong pursuit women compensation physical disabilities met fell love years senior went continue school wrote semi autobiographical novel michael work parts iii survived felt writing story content material charismatic leader added shortly book published publishing house relationship break filled thoughts suicide wrote doctoral thesis minor 19th century romantic hoped write thesis supervision time known literary historian bother jewish longer performing teaching duties directed associate professor jewish recommended write thesis submitting thesis passing oral examination earned phd returned home worked private tutor found work journalist published local newspaper writing time reflected growing dislike modern culture summer met began love affair revealed half jewish stated ruined continued continued years try published author diaries began continued rest life provided outlet desire write lack income literary works wrote plays sold forced jobs stock exchange bank clerk cologne job dismissed bank august returned period read influenced works british born german writer book foundations nineteenth century standard works extreme right germany began study social question read works according biographer diary entries late early reflected writings man isolated preoccupied religious philosophical issues lacked sense direction diary entries mid december forward moving nationalist movement nazi activist took interest adolf_hitler february hitler trial treason began wake failed attempt seize power beer hall november trial attracted widespread press coverage gave hitler platform propaganda hitler sentenced years prison released december serving year drawn hitler charisma commitment beliefs joined time member number late offered services district leader rhine district touch leading nazi organizer northern germany hired work weekly newspaper work regional party offices work party speaker representative members northern branch including socialist outlook rival hitler group munich disagreed hitler parts party platform november began working revision hitler viewed actions threat authority summoned party leaders including special conference gave hour speech new political programme hitler opposed socialist northern wing stating mean political germany princes germans legal system jewish system exploitation people future secured acquiring land estates nobility colonization territories east horrified hitler characterisation socialism jewish creation assertion private property nazi government longer fully believe hitler terrible thing inner support taken away wrote diary hopes winning opposition hitler arranged meetings munich greater leaders including impressed hitler sent car meet railway station evening hitler gave speeches beer hall rally following day hitler offered hand reconciliation men encouraging differences hitler gave new insight social question completely offering hitler total loyalty pledge clearly sincere adhered end life love thought wrote sparkling mind leader bow greater political genius later wrote adolf hitler love great simple time calls genius result munich meetings new draft party programme discarded original retained unchanged hitler position party leader greatly strengthened berlin hitler invitation spoke party meetings munich annual party congress held following year event involved planning time hitler arranged rally filmed receiving praise events led shape political ideas match hitler admire offered position party berlin section august travelled berlin mid september middle october accepted position hitler plan divide dissolve northwestern group served successful hitler gave great authority area allowing determine course organisation leadership given control local answered hitler party membership numbered arrived reduced core active promising members raise money instituted membership fees began charging admission party meetings aware value publicity positive negative deliberately provoked beer hall battles street including violent attacks adapted recent developments commercial advertising political sphere including use catchy cues new ideas poster design included large type red ink cryptic encouraged reader examine fine print determine meaning like hitler practiced public speaking skills mirror meetings preceded ceremonial marches singing venues decorated party banners entrance late timed maximum emotional impact usually planned speeches ahead time pre planned choreographed gestures able adapt presentation good connection audience tactic bring attention violence public party meetings demonstrations led berlin police ban city violent incidents continued including young nazis randomly attacking jews streets subjected public speaking ban end october period founded newspaper attack propaganda vehicle berlin area modern style newspaper took aggressive tone disappointment circulation initially small material paper highly anti communist paper favourite targets jewish deputy chief gave nickname subjected relentless campaign jew hope provoking crackdown exploit continued try break literary world revised version book michael finally published unsuccessful production plays seed final attempt period berlin relationships women including old flame married small child quick fall love easily tired relationship moved new worried committed personal relationship interfere career ban lifted early time elections held results poor losing nearly voters earning cent vote nationwide results berlin worse attained cent vote members gain election gave immunity prosecution long list outstanding charges including week jail sentence received april insulting deputy police chief changed immunity regulations february forced pay fines material placed course previous year newspaper highly critical failure attract urban vote party better rural areas attracting cent vote regions partly hitler publicly stated prior election point party programme mandated land compensation apply jewish private election party efforts try attract votes agricultural sector shortly election hitler considered appointing party propaganda chief worried removal post lead split party considered suited position began ideas propaganda schools media violence nazis communists led local troop leader shot members later died hospital death turned martyr nazi movement officially declared march raise flag renamed anthem great depression greatly impacted germany dramatic increase unemployment time brothers started publishing new daily newspaper berlin like publications conveyed brothers brand including nationalism anti capitalism social reform anti complained rival newspapers hitler admitted success causing berlin newspapers pushed wall late april hitler publicly firmly announced opposition appointed replace leader propaganda acts ban evening edition given control nazi papers country including party national newspaper wait july supporters announce leaving receiving news relieved crisis finally glad lost power rapid deterioration economy led resignation march coalition government elected new cabinet formed power president govern emergency appointed chancellor took charge national campaign elections called september campaigning undertaken huge scale thousands meetings speeches held country hitler speeches focused blaming country economic particularly adherence terms treaty versailles called war proven devastating german economy proposed new german society based race national unity resulting success took hitler surprise party received million votes nationwide took seats making second largest party country late met joined party months earlier worked volunteer party offices berlin helping organize private papers flat soon favourite meeting place hitler officials married december elections held organized massive campaigns included rallies speeches hitler travelling country airplane slogan germany undertook numerous speaking tours election campaigns speeches published records pamphlets involved production small collection silent films shown party meetings equipment widely use medium campaign posters violent imagery giant half clad male destroying political opponents perceived enemies international high finance propaganda characterized opposition november criminals jewish wire communist threat support party continued grow elections led majority government effort stabilize country improve economic conditions appointed hitler chancellor january propaganda minister celebrate hitler appointment chancellor organized parade berlin night january estimated men uniforms spectacle covered live state radio broadcast commentary longtime party member future minister aviation disappointed given post hitler new cabinet appointed minister culture post expecting receive like officials deal hitler leadership style giving contradictory orders subordinates placing positions duties responsibilities overlapped way hitler fostered distrust competition subordinates consolidate power took advantage fire february passing fire decree following day hitler urging pieces legislation dismantled democracy germany dictatorship headed hitler place march election took place held defeat nazis end second world war increased number seats percentage vote landslide expected party leadership finally received hitler appointment cabinet officially head newly created propaganda march role new ministry set offices 18th century nazi control aspects german cultural intellectual life hoped increase popular support party cent achieved free election held germany march cent support goal present nations impression enthusiastic backing entire population productions staging day ceremonial passing power hitler held march composed text hitler decree authorizing nazi boycott jewish businesses held april later month travelled given reception lined main street renamed honour following day declared local hero converted holiday celebration workers rights observed especially communists day celebrating place usual hoc labour celebrations organized huge party rally held field berlin following day trade union offices country forcibly disbanded nazi run created place masters germany commented diary entry weeks later gave speech nazi book burning berlin began passing laws jews remove german society law restoration passed april forced non retire legal profession civil service similar legislation soon deprived jewish members right nazi concentration camps initially created house political founded shortly hitler seized power process termed proceeded rapidly bring aspects life control party civilian organisations including agricultural groups volunteer organisations sports clubs leadership replaced nazi party members june virtually organisations control army churches manipulate germany middle class shape popular opinion regime passed october editor law cornerstone control popular press modeled extent system italy law defined wrote edited selected texts illustrated material serial publication individuals selected position chosen based educational racial criteria law required journalists regulate work accordance philosophy life conception government end june officials opponents regime including arrested killed purge later called night long knives present arrest leader munich august president died radio broadcast announced offices president chancellor combined hitler formally named und leader chancellor workings ministry propaganda ministry organized seven departments administration legal mass rallies public health youth race radio national foreign press films film censorship art music theatre protection counter propaganda foreign domestic style leadership unpredictable suddenly change direction shift support senior associates difficult boss liked staff public successful job life wrote likes liked runs efficient nazi department film chamber members film industry required join created june promoted development films nazi slant ones contained overt propaganda messages auspices created september added additional sub chambers fields broadcasting fine arts literature music press theatre film industry wishing pursue career fields member corresponding chamber way views contrary regime excluded working chosen field addition journalists considered employees state required prove descent year married requirement applied members chamber allowed leave country work prior permission chamber committee established censor books works published list approved works similar regulations applied fine arts entertainment performances censored german artists intellectuals left germany pre war years work restrictions particularly interested controlling radio fairly new mass medium protest individual states particularly prussia headed gained control radio stations nationwide placed july manufacturers urged produce inexpensive home receivers called people receiver nearly million sets sold placed public areas factories schools important party broadcasts heard live nearly germans september day start war proclaimed illegal listen foreign radio stations news foreign broadcasts result death penalty hitler architect later minister armaments war production later said regime complete use technical means domination country technical devices like radio million people deprived independent thought major focus nazi propaganda hitler heroic leader focus cult personality spontaneous stage managed propaganda work hitler focus moves carefully choreographed rally subject film triumph nazi propaganda films directed won gold medal venice film festival nazi party congress rally declared declaration war jewish led international culture involved planning staging summer olympics held berlin time met started having affair actress continued major project art exhibition organised ran munich july november exhibition proved wildly popular attracting million visitors music exhibition took place following year disappointed lack quality artwork films literature church struggle hitler signed treaty vatican required regime honour independence catholic institutions prohibited clergy involvement politics regime continued target christian churches try weaken influence hundreds clergy lay leaders arrested charges currency smuggling sexual offences widely publicised trials propaganda campaigns showing cases worst possible light restrictions placed public meetings catholic publications faced censorship catholic schools required reduce religious instruction removed state buildings hitler church struggle priority frequent comments issue convince intensify work issue half response persecution pope mit burning concern smuggled germany passion sunday read pulpit denounced systematic hostility regime church response renewed regime crackdown propaganda catholics speech berlin party members broadcast radio attacked catholic church morally corrupt result propaganda campaign schools dropped sharply schools disbanded converted public facilities harassment threats imprisonment led clergy cautious criticism regime partly foreign policy concerns hitler ordered scaling church struggle end july war early february hitler announced undertaken albeit violation versailles treaty year later told military leaders target date going war east enthusiastic supporters hitler aggressively pursuing germany policies sooner later time summed general attitude diary time action fortune favors brave wins lead crisis took initiative time use propaganda whip sympathy germans campaigning czech government aware growing war panic germany july press conduct propaganda efforts lower level intensity western powers hitler demands concerning czechoslovakia soon propaganda machine poland onwards orchestrated campaign poland stories atrocities ethnic germans danzig cities unable persuade majority germans welcome prospect war privately held doubts wisdom protracted war britain france attacking poland propaganda ministry chambers control access information domestically rival minister foreign affairs continually challenged jurisdiction international propaganda hitler declined firm ruling subject men remained rivals remainder nazi era participate military decision making process diplomatic negotiations fact took broadcasting facilities conquered countries immediately surrender began broadcasting prepared material existing way gain trust citizens aspects media domestically conquered countries controlled department controlled information permitted music allowed play party rallies speeches demonstrations continued speeches broadcast radio short propaganda films exhibited mobile film hitler fewer public appearances broadcasts war progressed increasingly voice nazi regime german people wrote frequent editorials published later read aloud radio found films effective propaganda medium radio insistence initially half films wartime germany propaganda films particularly war propaganda films historical wars current exploits preoccupied morale efforts people home believed people home involved war effort better morale example initiated programme collection winter clothing ski equipment troops eastern time implemented changes entertaining material radio film produced public late cent films propaganda cent light entertainment berlin dealt increasingly shortages food clothing need beer tobacco important morale hitler suggested beer quality cigarettes produced refused saying cigarettes low quality impossible worse propaganda campaigns worked hard maintain appropriate level morale public military situation optimistic grim series military setbacks germans suffered period thousand bomber raid cologne allied victory second battle november especially catastrophic defeat battle february difficult matters present german public increasingly weary war won january hitler appointed head newly created air raid damage committee meant nominally charge nationwide civil air defenses shelters assessment repair damaged buildings defence areas berlin remained hands local main tasks limited providing immediate aid affected civilians propaganda improve morale early war produced labour crisis regime hitler created man committee representatives state army party attempt control war economy committee members head field marshal chief der controlled party committee intended independently propose measures regardless wishes hitler final decisions committee soon known met times january august ran resistance hitler cabinet ministers headed deeply entrenched spheres influence excluded committee seeing threat power worked bring result changed committee declined september partly response excluded committee pressured hitler introduce measures produce total war including closing businesses essential war effort women labour force enlisting men previously exempt measures implemented january dismay demanded favourite restaurants berlin remain open successfully lobbied hitler women children conscription child care available receiving enthusiastic response speech january topic believed support german people total war speech speech february passionate demand audience commit total war presented way stop onslaught save german people destruction speech strong element hinted jewish people underway speech presented live radio filmed efforts little impact time hitler principle favour total war prepared implement changes objections ministers discovery time mass grave polish officers killed massacre use propaganda attempt drive wedge soviets western allies total war allied invasion sicily july strategic soviet victory july august began recognize war longer won following allied invasion italy fall september raised hitler possibility separate peace soviets britain hitler rejected proposals germany military economic situation grew steadily worse august took post interior minister replacing written rivals lucky remain alive hours hitler protective hand removed intensive air raids berlin cities took lives thousands people luftwaffe attempted air raids london early longer sufficient aircraft impact propaganda period indicated huge retaliation flying bombs launched british targets beginning mid june little effect cent reaching intended targets boost morale continued publish propaganda effect improvements weapons decisive impact outcome war normandy landings june allies successfully gained france july continued press hitler bring economy total war july plot hitler killed bomb field headquarters played hands pushing change objections appointed july charged manpower armaments industry expense sectors economy critical war effort efforts able free additional half million men military service new recruits came armaments industry conflict armaments minister workers readily absorbed armaments industry likewise new recruits waited barracks turn trained hitler behest people storm nationwide militia men previously considered unsuitable military service formed october recorded diary recruits sworn men age received rudimentary training properly armed notion men effectively serve lines soviet tanks artillery unrealistic best programme deeply unpopular defeat death months war speeches articles took increasingly apocalyptic tone beginning soviets western allies preparing cross rhine longer disguise fact defeat inevitable berlin little way fortifications artillery units sent noted diary january millions germans fleeing westward tentatively discussed hitler issue making peace western allies hitler refused privately conflicted pushing case hitler want lose confidence nazi leaders urged hitler leave berlin establish new centre resistance opposed arguing heroic stand berlin family son served luftwaffe captured allies moved house berlin await end discussed suicide fate young children long meeting night january knew outside world view criminal acts committed regime desire subject trial burned private papers night april knew play hitler fantasies encouraging hand providence death united_states president april hitler saw event turning point proclaimed known time gained position wanted long hitler utterly stripped offices april appointment commander led disaster disgrace hitler hitler inner circle including prepared leave berlin immediately hitler birthday celebration april anxious meet end hitler april hitler announced stay berlin end shoot moved family connected lower garden central berlin day told vice admiral entertain idea surrender escape april following proclamation people berlin fight city fight got sake wives children mothers parents arms defending held dear generations come proud courageous inventive colleagues remain midst wife children captured city men use means defense capital battle berlin signal nation rise battle midnight april soviets advancing closer bunker complex hitler married small civil ceremony hitler hosted modest wedding breakfast new wife hitler took secretary room dictated testament witnesses testament hitler named successor leader instead appointed chancellor grand admiral near danish border president minister wrote stating hitler order leave berlin reasons humanity personal loyalty stay wife children staying end lives mid afternoon april hitler shot hitler suicide depressed later recounted said great pity man longer lost way left hitler chose shall follow example completed sole official act chancellor dictated letter general ordered german general deliver white flag commander soviet commanded soviet forces central berlin letter informed hitler death requested rejected decided efforts futile later vice admiral saw time saying goodbye asked join replied captain leave sinking ship thought decided stay little children able especially leg like evening arranged children unconscious crushed mouths according later testimony gave children hitler personal doctor administered left bunker walked garden committed suicide different accounts event according account shot account bit given coup immediately adjutant testified walked ahead stairs garden waited heard shots sound walked remaining stairs outside saw bodies following prior order soldier fire shots body bodies petrol partially burned buried days later brought bunker soviets identify partly burned bodies children remains family hitler general hitler dogs repeatedly buried burial facility february director authorised operation destroy remains april soviet team detailed burial charts wooden boxes facility burned crushed scattered river tributary nearby holocaust like germans time young age joining meeting hitler grew radical began jews destructive force negative impact german society nazis seized power repeatedly urged hitler action jews party goal remove german cultural economic life eventually remove country altogether addition propaganda efforts actively promoted persecution jews legislation actions measures instituted berlin early years regime included public transport requiring jewish shops marked november german diplomat killed paris young jewish man response arranged material released press result start jews attacked destroyed germany situation speech gave party meeting night november called party members violence jews making appear spontaneous series acts german people jews killed damaged destroyed thousands jewish shops event called night jewish men sent concentration camps destruction stopped conference held november pointed destruction jewish property effect destruction german property intention eventually confiscated continued intensive propaganda campaign culminated hitler january speech helped write international finance outside europe succeed nations world war result earth victory jewish race europe pressing expulsion berlin jews living city delay needed workers armaments industry german jews began october transport berlin leaving october jews shot immediately arrival destinations preparation ordered german jews required law wear identifying yellow badge september march received copy minutes conference document nazi policy clear jewish population europe sent camps occupied areas poland killed diary entries period aware fate jews general probably established percent percent work judgment carried jews thoroughly deserved wrote march frequent discussions hitler fate jews subject discussed time met aware jews completely supported decision officials publicly family life hitler fond children enjoyed staying berlin apartment relax close relationship hitler member small female friends unofficial representative regime receiving letters germany women questions domestic matters child custody issues met czech actress winter began intense affair long conversation hitler august unwilling scandal involving ministers hitler demanded break relationship joseph reach truce end september couple falling point hitler involved insisting couple stay hitler arranged publicity photos taken reconciled couple october affairs including relationship family included son marriage born plus member family survive war explanatory notes
Joseph Goebbels