class battleship class referred class class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy 1890s transferred completion based port arthur start russo japanese war ships participated second day war sank months war began striking mines laid japanese remaining ships participated august sunk scuttled final stages siege port arthur salvaged japanese captured incorporated imperial_japanese_navy ship renamed japanese service participated late world war sold russians renamed original use battleship ship flagship crew supported later year seized british early intervened russian civil war abandoned withdrew scrapped soviets design description design work class began enlarged improved version battleship main armament inch guns mounted barbettes based experience mounted secondary armament worked rough weather adopted layout american indiana class battleships secondary armament inch guns mounted turrets upper deck use lighter barbette mounting allowed flush deck hull gave ship high class designed displacement long tons length waterline armor belt upper hull featured modest approved january design intended maximum speed knots mph forced draft model testing hull showed reach knots mph delay construction hull reach desired speed navy accepted slower speed development quick firing gun meant upper belt armor necessary weight required gained shortening waterline armor belt left ships ends protected sloping armor deck changes included replacement barbettes turrets type battleship inch quick firing guns original inch guns saved weight additional inch guns added class ships feet long overall beam feet draft feet inches designed displace long tons long tons overweight actually displaced long tons ships flush battleships built navy partial double hull divided watertight transverse bulkheads centerline bulkhead divided machinery spaces upper hull main upper decks curved ships pronounced found french battleships time began curving waterline designed metacentric height feet good ships crew consisted officers enlisted men crew serving flagship ships powered vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propeller steam generated cylindrical boilers working pressure kpa psi unlike sisters boilers engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots machinery ordered british companies slightly exceeded specifications ships reached maximum speed knots mph indicated horsepower respectively sea trials domestically built machinery reached speed knots mph indicated horsepower despite extra boilers chose exercise penalty provisions contract failing attain design speed specified machinery carried maximum long tons coal allowed steam nautical miles speed knots mph armament main armament consisted pairs caliber inch guns mounted french style center pivot twin gun turrets fore aft hydraulic power loading traversing ammunition electrically powered designed fire shell seconds rate fire service proved round minutes structure turrets proved weak withstand extra strength charges reinforced guns maximum elevation traverse rounds gun carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation secondary armament ships consisted dozen caliber model inch quick firing guns mounted twin gun turrets upper deck pedestal mounted guns sides hull deck turrets turrets traversed ammunition worked electric motors guns elevated manually arc fire guns elevate maximum rate fire turret mounted guns generally half rounds minute pedestal mounted guns motors mechanism ammunition problematic reduced rate fire round minute guns hull traverse inch gun provided rounds fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range yards fired elevation number smaller guns carried defense torpedo boats included millimeter hotchkiss guns hull superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards smaller millimeter hotchkiss guns positioned hull superstructure fighting tops fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum range yards class ships carried inch torpedo tubes water mounted broadside broadside inch underwater tubes forward inch tubes near forward main gun turret unprotected armor aft inch tubes protected upper armor belt underwater tubes protected underneath armor deck forward forward inch magazine inch type torpedo carried pound tnt speed settings gave maximum range yards knots mph yards knots mph data available inch torpedo ship carried mines laid protect anchorage remote areas ships fitted angle vertical points enemy ship usually waterline crow nest estimate range gunnery officer consulted references range calculated proper elevation required hit target transmitted commands electro mechanical fire control transmission system gun turret protection russian armor plate industry mastered process forming thick steel plates armor ships ordered companies germany united_states produce latest types armor plate quantities required ships ordinary steel harvey armor latest krupp armor armor plates varied attempt effectiveness maximum thickness waterline armor belt machinery spaces inches reduced inches abreast magazines belt tapered thickness inches edge belt armor ships inches machinery spaces inches magazines belt tapered thickness inches lower edge belt covered feet ship length feet inches high upper inches intended waterline belt terminated transverse bulkhead inches thick forward inches thick aft leaving ends ships unprotected waterline belt upper inch armor ran turret bases seven half feet high ends upper belt closed inch angled transverse bulkheads connected ends upper belt turret support tubes armor main gun turrets supporting tubes inches thick krupp armor steel roofs inches thick turrets secondary armament inch sides inch roofs inch guns hull unprotected sides conning tower inches thick armor deck central citadel inches thick outside area covered belt armor flat portion deck inches thick sloped portion inches thick ships careers ships enter service departed october reached port arthur flagship commander vice admiral arrival ship supported international efforts suppress boxer rebellion departed port arthur october arrived april respectively flagship vice admiral beginning russo japanese war february second day war hit twice aft hull hit times bow hit ships lost men killed seven wounded suffered significant damage relieved stark replaced vice admiral assumed command march march sortied support russian cruisers destroyers engaging japanese counterparts headed port arthur join rest main japanese appeared ran newly laid minefield route struck mines observers saw explosions appeared magazines ship sank minutes casualties included admiral guest russian battle artist officers enlisted men seven officers crewmen rescued new commander vice admiral attempt lead june abandoned sortie squadron discovered pursued japanese returning port arthur struck ship took estimated long tons water despite flooding able fleet reached port successfully repair lasted july fire broke aboard ship killed crewmen injured additional millimeter guns lower hull removed time superstructure reinforce land defenses port arthur attempt break japanese blockade august accordance direct order squadron spotted relatively quickly japanese main fleet intercepted russians early afternoon battle battleships russian column slowed engine problems primary target japanese battleships armored cruisers squadron past japanese forced stern chase shortly sunset lucky hit killed threw squadron confusion squadron second command rear admiral prince eventually gained control squadron led port arthur hit shells inches caliber suffered killed wounded hit shells killed wounded men august sortied bombard japanese troops struck near forward magazines returning port badly damaged took lot water ship towed port arthur repairs lasted november meantime new squadron commander rear admiral decided use men guns reinforce defenses port arthur guns stripped squadron ships september inch millimeter guns lost millimeter guns ships lightly damaged centimeter shells october siege guns began firing harbor capture hill overlooked harbor december allowed fire directly russian ships sunk shallow water day shell started fire magazine eventually exploded december russian battleships sunk ship captain anchored guns remaining coast defense guns outside harbor rigged torpedo nets laid minefield ship thwarted repeated attacks december torpedo struck ship stern badly damaged towed deep water weeks later port arthur surrendered january scuttled subsequently raised repaired reclassified class coastal defense ship imperial_japanese_navy served gunnery training ship ship participated siege beginning world war sold russia march arrived april ship arrived egypt september later supported efforts support allied operations macedonia arrived january brief refit flagship crew joined october captured british march allied intervention russian civil war ship bad shape british departed russia october stricken july subsequently scrapped
Petropavlovsk-class battleship