single genus fungal family genus currently comprises parasitic species live living dead wood cause white wood tissue component produce crust like partially fruit bodies surface infested trees similar produced species described species type species initially considered mycologist found microscopic differences years extensive reclassified family species wood genera conifers female wood deposit eggs fungal spores trees fungus eaten wasp food fungus formation spores newly emerged females stored special structures adapted transport fungi complex studied extensively potential cause substantial economic losses forestry industry particularly non native regions taxonomy history research species long time classified genus based primary layered structure fruit body similar activity mycologist separated decision explaining microscopic differences spores cystidia sufficiently distinct warrant recognition new genus type species genus today called initially named genus flowering plant family chose genus referring spores based dna analysis moved new family attributed order later studies supported initial classification classification classification completely resolved closest relatives depending research species genus previous dna analysis results suggest narrow relation results studies partially conclusion classification regarded correct authors suggested placed family similarities caused confusion placement genus size fruit bodies differ appearance researcher german assumed species different age stages experiments pure cultures fungi showed partially compatible incompatible species believes common ancestor fungi host genus conifers native europe million million years ago extinct fungi specialized conifers differentiated species specialized south_america compatibility tests molecular analysis indicated separated early fungi species separated later partially compatible produced cases common species according dna analysis stands remarkable fungi originated storing organs north american wood wasp seen wood north american europe fungus possibly represents separated species mainly reproduce wood genetic species relatively low description produce crust like dry fruit bodies bark infested trees fruit bodies thick irregularly shaped able cover large surface bark appear small spots lie directly bark grey brownish fruit body hymenium smooth surface texture turned bordered highly bent edge species surface usually dirty brown coloured species stands clearly forms kind roof fruit body completely surrounds roof appear shapes microscopic possess meaning kinds hyphae type brownish skeletal hyphae provide stability fruit body hyphae run parallel bark like turns loops form thick walled like structures called second type hyphae translucent hyaline serve promote growth fungus genuine cystidia arise hymenium layer directly cystidia meaning feature crystal like structures exception species thin separating layer hymenium present fungi broader serves bend fruit body missing fruit body lies flat bark basidia slim club like shape features bear spore spores shape cylindrical surface smooth walls thin hyaline spores meaning turn bluish purple stained melzer reagent characteristic differs similar species gave genus distribution range originally comprised regions including north_america introduction saw spread genus continents antarctica common temperate regions north_america found temperate unclear broadly species distributed north_america originally native north_africa distributed 20th century australia new_zealand south north_america originally native tropics common brazil caribbean ecology usually dead cut wood species establish wood logged trees living trees fungi recorded species japan genera store fungi split spores special abdominal organs wood trees bark time fungal spores hole tree temporarily immune system fungus spread infection fulfill functions provides larvae food white wood time fungi serves food larvae larvae body eggs fungus benefits spreads faster effectively airborne spores furthermore need develop fruit bodies species associated host spectrum host spectrum comprises partially different genera usually douglas similar host spectrum uses mainly japanese douglas hosts dominate hosts native habitat species common locations host spectrum comprises english common symptoms white host wood infested wood parts stable structure wood fungal break remove brown distribution wood takes place mainly transport channels wood red vertically positioned infested areas contrast intact wood symptoms partner wood include circular exit holes crust acute stress common hanging falling ecological economical importance native habitat species minor importance forest wood assume greater dimensions compared insignificant infection rates lower sexual reproduction fruit bodies play process furthermore fungi incapable healthy trees act pine australia new_zealand africa south_america shown susceptible introduced associated wasp larvae fungus combine effectively contribute forest decline rates mainly owing poor water nutrient supply trees poorly reconcile drought stress caused detected north_america 2000s decade canada total economic loss forestry industry caused high million year years cultures biological control protect trees 1980s parasite feeds food competitor wood wasp larvae larvae present parasite eggs female causing females lay infected eggs new trees spread control method proven relatively successful combat complex technique widely employed reductions levels achieved
Amylostereum