middle colonies comprised middle region thirteen colonies british_empire north_america area british exerted control region english captured area war dutch majority conquered land duke york later grant ownership land province new_jersey delaware colony later separated pennsylvania founded lots rich soil allowing area major wheat grains lumber industries enjoyed success abundant forests pennsylvania saw moderate success textile iron industry diverse british colonies north_america settlers coming parts europe civil unrest europe colonies saw influx immigrants 18th century new arrivals came religions protected written freedom religion laws tolerance unusual distinct british colonies history explored journey hudson_river delaware bay dutch soon claimed land dutch fought land ultimately dutch claimed land calling english largely conquered land dutch renaming area new_york colony land periodically granted split province new_jersey king charles_ii renamed land west gave region new_england maryland brother duke york later king england colony later granted land hudson_river friends loyal english civil war sir lord berkeley land grant province new_jersey concession agreement written effort settlers new_jersey document provided religious freedom taxes assembly approval governor appointed governor appointed way founded colonists required pay annual quit rent taxes march encountering difficulty collecting taxes lord berkeley sold share colony businessman london sale divided new_jersey border agreed deed colonists new_york new jersey line war disputed colonial boundaries april united west province new_jersey 3rd earl royal colony governor recalled england charges corruption governor new_york charged new_jersey finally king appointed separate governor run new_jersey elected delegates formed january govern colony congress royal governor arrested june declaring enemy liberties country july new_jersey enacted soon having empowered delegates june join declaration independence united_states declaration independence ended colonial status province pennsylvania king charles_ii granted land pennsylvania colony march payment debt crown owed family penn wrote pennsylvania departing colony called religious tolerance groups including local natives colony penn governed pennsylvania citizens subject english crown laws penn cousin served colonial deputy governor 42nd parallel north 39th parallel north pennsylvania bordered colonies new_york maryland new_jersey dutch land given penn duke york separated delaware colony revolution england deprived penn governance colony took opportunity request expanded power elected officials led visiting colony penn eventually agreed allow charter privileges added constitution british banned western expansion fighting colonists natives ordered arrest officer commanding troops armed settlers loyal pennsylvania revolutionary sentiment continued grow philadelphia largest city america soon meeting place publication locally elected revolutionaries concluded history colony began province new_york dutch settlements new_york area appeared english captured new colony dutch renaming province new_york king brother duke york later king dutch recaptured colony july anglo dutch war gave english treaty westminster exchange duke york governed colony instead appointed governors councils officers run government served governor new_york province new_jersey split new_york new_york new jersey line war continued final borders decided approved king respectively convened october making new_york colony assembly constitution drafted passed october giving colonists rights including rights taxation representation learning constitution declared void duke york king england new_york royal province province briefly overthrown citizens new_york rebelled royal governor rebellion governor march rebellion crushed leader arrested tried executed treason new_york charter constitution reinstated soon april american patriots formed replace assembly governor royal officials forced colony october colonial status ended new state united_states declaration independence july delaware colony delaware changed hands dutch dutch maintained control delaware sir took duke york renaming new castle deputy duke governed delaware received land grant pennsylvania received delaware area dubbed lower counties troubles governing diverse delaware territory penn agreed allow separate colonial assembly geography partly enjoyed fertile soil vastly different nearby contained rocky soil large grain exports resulting soil colonies came known pennsylvania leading wheat corn making leading food producer colonies later states years broad rivers relaxed current like hudson_river attracted diverse business fur moved rivers flow enable water wheel power industry abundant forests attracted industries industries presence deep river led appearance important ports like new_york philadelphia far industry rival industry new_england pennsylvania abundant textile industry grew quickly colony major producer pig iron products including pennsylvania long rifle wagon important industries included printing publishing related industry politics middle colonies political groups began small groups narrowly focused goals eventually grew diverse large political organizations evolving especially french indian war generally run elected middle colony guaranteed freedom religion forbade taxation representation royal governors arrested overthrown occasion notably new_jersey arrested governor rebellion new_york growing unrest eventually led region meeting place center revolution numerous pockets loyalists demographics tended mix aspects generally farms acres hectares owned family worked new_york dutch operated large landed estates rented land tenant farmers diverse british colonial regions north_america tended socially tolerant example new_york christianity awarded citizenship leading diverse populace consequence early german settlements americas concentrated region especially common pennsylvania new_jersey new_york eighteenth century fewer worked agriculture german immigrants favored german immigration greatly increased immigrants began coming erroneously labeled german word german comprised population time american revolution industry farming skills brought helped prosperity noted tight religious communities lutheran including smaller irish began waves primarily pushed farther western frontier colonies repeatedly confronted indians groups included dutch swiss english colonists english took direct control rhode_island pushed region businessmen settled philadelphia new_york_city settled pennsylvania welsh colonists like left found rhode_island founded seed settlement new_york rhode_island initially counted new_england having excluded later joined definition changed overlapped rhode_island colonial boundaries joining rhode_island permanently thought new_england colony new_york initial possession parts maine ensured close relationship new_england colonies like vermont continuing new_england influence colony lords baltimore encouraged irish protestant immigration hoping obtain servants work estates colonial developments areas displayed prevalent irish cultural influence labor labor short supply common solution young whites teenagers britain germany parents arranged work families colonies age exchange ocean passage great majority farmers farm wives mid eighteenth century african american slaves comprised population new_york house servants manhattan dutch estates religion diverse british_empire high degree tolerance penn family colony favorite destination group german numerous small mention irish strong upstate new_york new_jersey important long_island great awakening helped stimulate growth methodist baptist churches non british colonists included dutch swedish historiography wayne themes directions colonies historiography william july vol issue wayne myth middle colonies process early america biography vol douglas middle colonies recent american historiography william july vol issue
Middle Colonies