royal medical pioneer writer lawyer origin colonial ecuador notable scientist writer stands inspired movement regarded important figures colonial ecuador journalist journalist spread ideas composed important treatise conditions colonial ecuador included interesting remarks spreading disease noted time satirical works inspired philosophy age enlightenment critical lack education way economy handled corruption authorities aspects culture general works persecuted finally imprisoned shortly death historical background royal presidency established spanish state spain august court spanish crown jurisdiction certain territories later constitute ecuador parts peru colombia brazil created strengthen administrative control territories rule relations whites natives capital city 18th century began economic problems lack roads led limited communications type textile factory provided jobs found decline mainly crackdown smuggled european series natural disasters replaced dominant groups continued exploit indigenous population education situation worsened expulsion jesuit priests learned people lived able fill void majority population read wrote hand enter university given education heavily theoretical primary learning technique decline times taught students spent time discussions result intellectual people clerical affected manners expressing having new ideas furthermore medical doctors available majority people fell ill helped time ethnic prejudice common people considered society divided estates realm differed racial origin person dignity honor damaged racial social customs occurred social levels relationships illegitimate children common poverty rise especially lower classes women forced find quickly example explained abundance clergy small city like men ordained solved economic problems improved community standing biography early life baptized parish february according historians father arrived assistant priest physician mother native historians especially argue contemporary documents imply mother white instance parents marriage recorded book white marriages deemed birth certificates siblings entered book younger siblings born studied served priest parts born death parents came cared brother despite family somewhat unstable economic situation good education instructed medicine working alongside father hospital according learned experience known studying pen hand overcoming racial discrimination graduated medical school july shortly graduated canon law having studied law august asked permission practice medicine granted november information exists whereabouts wrote somewhat sermon activities royal work provoked colonial authorities regarded responsible satirical mocking posters posters attached doors churches buildings anonymous author tended attack colonial authorities clergy subject deemed convenient surviving posters found evidence comments writings suggests wrote satirical manuscript circulated new signed don pseudonym work imitated satire especially showed culture author lived isolated backward city written dialogues order present ideas common people easy way instead tedious explanations meant scholars defects society especially corruption colonial authorities people lack education use pseudonym common practice europe americas age enlightenment important provide attempted remove hint culture granted white person importance prestige pseudonym implied white european relatives mother lineage beginning continued writing government stirred condition society june wrote marcus pseudonym work parodied censor response notions ideas critics wrote referred second answer criticism priest works labeled subversive rid authorities named head physician scientific expedition rivers set limits tried decline appointment failed tried unsuccessfully flee arrest order details remaining physical descriptions captured sent criminal offense prosecuted suffered significant consequences short exile asked town council write smallpox worst medical problem faced opportunity write complete best written work los las reflections method preserve people smallpox denouncing way handled work valuable historical source description conditions colonial america sent madrid added appendix second edition medical treatise member instead recognition acquired enemies work criticized physicians priests charge public health forced leave way stopped group priests asked write reply report written chief tax collector report accused priests abuses indians order money accepted task wanted settle accounts citizens turned authorities tried flee expedition river wrote los defense clergy detailed study way life indians powerful attack report march continued attack enemies series satirical letters called response enemies denounced president august requested return occupy post government subsequently arrested accused writing satire king colonial minister indies taken prison sent petitions decreed behalf case taken president ignorance matter sent defend cause met began develop ideas liberty followers arrived men got approval important members government creation called later patriotic society friends country private association established cities enlightenment spain lesser degree colonies successfully defended charges october set free december notified return final years returned promote november branch established los elected director formed commissions year director public library originally established thousand volumes left expulsion ecuador main duty society improving city members came weekly discuss agricultural educational political social problems promote physical natural sciences society founded newspaper published starting january newspaper liberal ideas somewhat known parts spread people november dissolved society soon newspaper disappeared choice work librarian liberal ideas imprisoned january allowed leave cell treat patients doctor december die home acquired imprisonment died december death certificate registered book indians blacks character claimed pride left book hands observing nature desire read led hasty appear manuscripts written work considered education main means popular development understood reading basic formation self conscience drove critiques establishment based observation application law time writing wanted educate people rebellious spirit embraced equality indians ideal ignored future processes independence favored women rights develop ideas advanced understanding science considering circumstances lived traveled abroad nonetheless understood relation spreading disease arrested rumored detention resulted support french revolution people time distinguished actual deeds french revolution spirit connected contemporaries spain colonies erroneously identified emancipation americas loss catholic faith accusation calculated popular hatred lost faith catholicism lifetime condemned clergy criticized church restless desire knowledge anxious reform works state influenced enlightenment way thought views education goal works intellectual improvement ridiculed outdated educational system maintained clergy argued people accustomed admired preacher quote bible way exposed ignorance claimed author previous works condemned results clergy educational system ignorance works caused books advanced ideas european american scholars result religious orders modified educational programs resented thought city people actually particularly criticized things teaching ethics science guide good manners adoption moral guide complained system priests said habits students result priests real idea duties society god little study lamented large number pretended doctors continued attack attacking worked physicians adequate medical education views theology discussion purely religious matters wrote theological letter letter father work looked catholic_church letter showed profound knowledge theology analyzed historical beginnings development cited written abuses work supported authority pope july wrote letter second theological letter mary conception response request inspector letter dealt conception work showed author deep knowledge religious subject appreciation standing 18th century formally decreed wrote series notable simplicity historian considered worthy study mentioned lacked spirit considered deeply religious man views economics starting took interest welfare community prosperity works year clearly influence enlightenment philosophers ideas adapted local conditions realized power economics social force influenced showed desire commercial agricultural reforms especially conservation proper use land advance ideas founded school concord rejected proposed monopoly production crown intended prevent destruction tree expand income dedicated opposed monopoly divided study parts argued monopoly leave workers jobs mean loss capital invested trees second number suggestions developing certain natural products region aim instance chile production argentina production leather forth showed workers benefited industry unemployment unrest crown designate officials regulate proper cultivation tree including fourth recommendations need indigenous hostility tree region work lawyer los written response report accused clergy practices things report said large number religious celebrations frequented indians catholic faith agriculture industry interests crown priests demanded money indians entrance churches certain ceremonies priests immoral finally indians attacked report ways claimed supposed author report capable writing argued allegations exaggerated semi truths outright lies finally claimed economic problems solved exploiting human resources indians planning taking advantage natural resources region realized charges clergy focus destroying credibility implied conduct outrageous collecting taxes habit paying public funds women additionally stated real author report called immoral man despised clergy claimed report believed appears motivated opportunity attack personal enemies work analyze case defend clergy talent lawyer seen representations caused freed arrest supposed authorship documents defended loyalty crown commented captivity mentioning distinguished men felt arrest clarified writing goals served prelude main subject denying author scientific work spanish crown deeply concerned public health diseases troubled colonies town councils spent money bring physicians equipment parts americas reports doctors conditions neighborhoods cities frequent man science demonstrated knowledge latest scientific advances europe americas arguments recommendations medical works found contemporary sources french academy sciences presidency especially concerned prevention smallpox president gathered physicians discuss application methods suggested spanish scientist asked write los las completed november divided parts dealt prevention smallpox second dealt obstacles path knowledge smallpox victims remarkably advanced day recommended proven methods supported spanish foreign doctors refuted common belief separation destruction contaminated clothes impractical promoted personal people tried convince people dangers smallpox understood current european medical theories diseases warned incorrect belief smallpox transmitted air citing english doctor suggested construction isolated country house hospital dealing observed hospital hospital city monasteries places worship certainly contribute future disapproved custom burying dead inside churches instead suggested burying dead outside city limits graveyard chosen church owned town council finally condemned management hospital said methods outdated provided poor service staff hospital reacted badly lost friendship mentor legacy considered precursor independence movement died ideas powerful influence close friends founded revolutionary movement august city declared independence spain published newspaper regarded founder journalism considered ecuador literary critic according spanish scholar oldest critical work written south_america influence seen thought general work principal influences education promoted new ideas creation good citizens instead merely knowledge finally science important scientists colonial ecuador analyzed reality colonial poverty people lack good education denounced corruption colonial authorities depicted ecuador coin works dos los del san attributed los las online version spanish los con online version spanish santa
Eugenio Espejo