born president president march political crisis having held office mayor year prior stepped january following internationally recognized general elections held entering political arena launched successful enterprises including printing advertising company called radio television networks began career entrepreneur teenage years disc jockey local clubs parties later organizing promoting musical events capital rising power dissolved senate transferred powers variety new governance structures responsible overseeing transition new constitutional authority administrative structures repeatedly conflicted internationally process establish transitional government consensus voters approved new constitution national referendum organized administration november putting place conditions enabling stand general election january announced decision running general election reversed decision submitted special electoral court ruled august invalid permitted run election declared interest presenting presidential candidate future election early years born relatively wealthy family father retired colonel held dual fought french army war age junior class national champion high school began working disc jockey parties clubs earn pocket money family afford college education son opted studies completing launch career entrepreneur met future completing senior year high school couple courted long distance years completed undergraduate masters studies finance accounting paris reunited madagascar year marriage produced boys arena born born daughter born couple named names media entrepreneur age established enterprise small event production company called business connections influence father prominent military officer combination knowledge factors company success following year firmly established reputation youth elite capital organizing annual concert called live brought foreign musical artists event continued grow popularity passing year attracting participants tenth anniversary launched advertising digital printing company quickly grew prominence expansion billboard advertising capital business digital printing technology available island local magazine named mayor entrepreneur year bestowed honor following marriage wife wealthy parents invested allowed acquire competing based billboard advertising business owned couple worked manage family businesses responsible wife handling affairs competition organized french bank awarded prize best young entrepreneur madagascar business affairs gradually drew political arena shortly won presidential elections befriended new president daughter continued expand relationship capital political elite course presidency assumed increasingly political role policies tim government increasingly expansion business activities requiring removal led advertising panels installed major roundabout capital purchased television radio stations renamed official launch newly acquired media channels attended capital political cultural elite including mayor president tim political party media channels outlets voicing criticism administration quickly transforming public image opposition leader mayor created led political association meaning determined youth shortly afterward announced candidacy position mayor elected december vote voter turnout beating tim party incumbent enjoyed strong popularity tenure mayor having nationally internationally credited effectively managing capital achieving significant transformation urban landscape city campaign suffered inadequate tim promotional support increasingly unpopular image tim party faced significant challenges tenure mayor taking office confronted city treasury accumulated billion approximately million dollars debts previous including beginning january ordered water public pumps street lights run state utilities company million unpaid debts city responded condemning political proceeded undertake identified addressed long standing procedural irregularities issues corruption city administration following series crimes members inner circle comprised cabinet director car kidnapping special advisers death assistant mysterious circumstances rumors spread administration deliberately intimidated supporters president confrontation december government closed stating interview exiled head state likely peace security political opposition public dissatisfied recent actions undertaken including july deal lease half island land south korean cultivation corn palm oil november purchase second presidential jet cost million dollars week met madagascar prominent opposition leaders referred press develop joint statement demanding administration improve adherence democratic principles demand broadcast public press conference promised politically open public space capital democracy place beginning january led series political rallies downtown gave voice frustration policies triggered particularly economically members political opposition january gathered supporters public park declared renamed place rally january announced charge entire declaring president government assumed responsibilities run national affairs today added request president formally resign shortly filed self declaration power eyes supporters rallied original pro democracy message number attendees subsequent rallies declined averaging participants february dismissed mayor appointed special delegation headed manage affairs capital denounced decision warned accepted populace following day instead designated succeed mayor february occupy presidential palace prompting presidential guard open fire advancing crowd killing wounding popular disapproval intensified favor resignation perceptions alternative remained mixed conflicts pro security forces continued following weeks resulting additional deaths security forces unsuccessfully attempted arrest compound march raided offices media network initially surrounded thirty minutes staff attempted remove property point security forces stormed building confiscated equipment days took refuge home french ambassador reporting press feared safety march following declaration neutrality army leadership pro opposition soldiers stormed army headquarters forced army chief staff resign days army deployed forces enable opposition occupy key chief military police transferred loyalty army sent tanks president palace rejected offer march hold national referendum determine president resign called security forces arrest president following day army stormed president captured hours later transferred power group senior army personnel act described opposition voluntary resignation later declared forced gunpoint relinquish power military council charged organizing elections months writing constitution fourth republic vice admiral announced march transfer power directly making president opposition dominated hat appointed weeks earlier military backing authority charged taking task previously accorded proposed military madagascar constitutional court deemed transfer power military board legal court statement include justification decision army transfer power navy troops called resignation march threatening use force protect constitution madagascar denouncing civil war occurring madagascar navy troops claimed evidence paid army corps hundreds millions face trial accordance military law called nations involved considered purely domestic affair sworn president march stadium crowd supporters years age sworn making youngest president country history youngest head government world time nations including madagascar announced march recognize presidency takeover unconstitutional ascension presidency condemned european_union united_states suspended madagascar threatened sanctions constitutional government restored months foreign diplomats attended hat foreign minister said invited president took power atmosphere national tension international pressure establish constitutional authority new head state announced march new constitution presented voter approval general elections held months immediately taking office began naming opposition leaders positions hat dissolved senate parliament transferred powers cabinet officials hat newly established council social economic strengthening policies issued legislative authority rested practice cabinet composed closest advisers military committee established april increased hat control security defense policy following month suspension country regional governors strengthened influence local government naming replacements despite fact regional normally elected positions established shortly official purpose strengthen hat effectiveness addressing judicial legal matters new entity carried investigations arrests tim supporters opponents party addition new administration launched strong crackdown demonstrations new opposition composed largely supporters demonstrations april security forces opened fire unarmed civilians protesting hat closure media networks controlled killing wounding political analysts criticized position primarily consolidate power protect political position business interests supporters observing initially broad range supporters opposition movement significantly diminished time power periodically engaged ongoing negotiations establish conditions free fair elections held restore government legitimacy eyes international community august met madagascar presidents president acting day crisis talks held signed leaders august signed november provided guidelines period political transition months followed implementation making political decisions filling important government posts party representatives pushed repeatedly constitutional referendum held november resulted adoption state fourth constitution favor voter turnout independent political group political opposition international community cited numerous irregularities process carried hat constitution effect time took office required presidential candidates attain minimum years age substantive change new constitution lower minimum age presidential candidates making eligible stand presidential elections addition new constitution mandated leader position held kept interim president election place new constitution contained clause required presidential candidates lived madagascar months prior elections effectively barring opposition leaders living exile running election repeatedly postponed general election held october policies governance hat leadership affected highly visible concrete activities appealed popular concerns occasionally organized events distribute basic items groups poor recipients including clothing house maintenance materials school supplies administration spent basic needs like electricity petrol food staples public works construction projects featured prominently activities years launched project mayor hat completed reconstruction hotel town hall destroyed arson political protests oversaw construction hospital built international standards cheap house initiative hat built housing developments intended young middle class couples numerous construction projects planned completed including restoration historic built 19th century reign renovation main markets principal boulevard heavily traveled road construction capacity municipal stadium new town hall national level sanctions suspension donor aid amounting percent national budget percent public investments administration management state affairs ability systematically combat poverty wider scale united_nations envoy concluded controversial accession presidency reduced food security madagascar ranking worst world child nutrition frequent non payment civil servant military salaries resulted regular school hospital general strikes widespread increases corruption crime grew dramatically sharp violent crime theft increasingly frequent deadly armed cattle central southern region island key development declined including maternal child mortality education enrollment completion capita income employment rates united_nations ranked madagascar countries world noting economic gains lost following unconstitutional rise power forbes magazine ranked madagascar worst economy world political instability poor governance environmental conditions island worsened illegal endangered protected national forests abruptly increased hat business leaders politicians linked hat having implicated trafficking valuable wood china government accused administration selling wood supplement national budget finance public works projects large unexplained logs discovered presidential palace end term office accelerating spike bush meat consumption linked deepening poverty island moved closer extinction tenure july assessment found percent species found threatened extinction increase percent lack funds systematic resulted march outbreak anticipated persist years require million dollars bring control deepening risk nationwide famine destruction habitat endangered species coming power hat pursued action business interests june fined million dollars million british pounds sentenced years prison alleged abuse office according minister included december purchase second presidential jet air force worth million sold controversial jet pursued legal action company reclaim million dollars taxes additionally august hat sentenced hard labor life issued arrest warrant role protests ensuing deaths likewise sought distinguish predecessor policy choices measures president cancel unpopular deal rejected medium term development strategy termed madagascar action plan abandoned education reforms initiated predecessor adopted english languages instruction instead returning traditional use french diplomatic relations international community maintained legitimacy free fair elections number key international organizations madagascar member including withheld recognition legitimacy tenure united_states madagascar largest donor provider humanitarian aid refused acknowledge administration united_nations responded power transfer freezing million planned aid united_states suspended madagascar list opportunity act ensured import resulted loss jobs dealt severe blow textile sector accounted half madagascar exports initially sought persuade donors support efforts failed yield results explored possibility support traditional partners new strengthened relations alternatives libya china saudi_arabia unable secure desired partnerships relations france characterized initial period gradually increasing diplomatic engagement weakened met french minister received french president december according french presidency interview devoted situation madagascar completion political transition initiated implementation return constitutional order international community following announcement run election france responded issued family refusing issue new requested ministers administration gradually afforded increasing entry united_nations invited participate fourth united nations conference developed countries held istanbul turkey spoke session took place september new_york_city presidential candidacy january officially renounced presidential election planned decision followed similar declaration president exclusion political figures general election key international recognition elections defined ending political crisis expressed support interim mayor official candidate party party candidates declared intention run presidential election minute arrangements stand presidential elections declaring agreement breached president wife decided stand candidacy president permitted prominent politicians rejected international community time submitted candidacy run candidates total seven affiliated political movement urged withdraw controversial european_union responded suspended funding election french government sanctioned candidates french effectively barring french territory considered freezing financial real estate assets following suspension election funding hat pushed election date citing inadequate financial resources special electoral court ruled august invalid chief rivals permitted run election announced endorsement presidential candidate successfully progressed round voting held october alongside candidate backed run candidates held december declared winner election officially stepped january post presidency following election international community offered recognition new government tentative results motivated concern new president puppet allegations robinson massive electoral fraud losing runoff despite wide lead opponent round set committee organize selection cabinet process extended months time sought nominated position prime minister madagascar claimed promised nominated april instead announced selection following consultation round showed support majority parliament april cabinet announced comprised members varied political qualified decision exclude form alliances political opposition including supporters betrayal declared refusal seek reconciliation following end term french government lifted sanctions hat members family maintained profile traveling france south_africa foreign destinations occasional visits madagascar declared interest presenting presidential candidate presidential election
Andry Rajoelina