body piercing body piercing form body modification practice cutting human body creating opening jewellery worn word piercing refer act practice body piercing opening body created act practice history body piercing obscured popular lack scholarly reference ample evidence exists document practiced forms sexes ancient times world ear piercing nose piercing particularly widespread represented historical records grave goods oldest remains discovered sporting existence practice years ago nose piercing documented far types documented globally lip tongue historically found african american tribal cultures piercing practiced cultures piercing dating piercing described history piercing clear practice body piercing waned western culture experienced increase popularity world war sites ears gaining popularity 1970s spreading mainstream 1990s reasons piercing piercing varied people pierce religious spiritual reasons pierce self expression aesthetic value sexual pleasure conform culture rebel forms piercing remain controversial particularly applied youth display placement restricted schools employers religious groups spite controversy people practiced extreme forms body piercing world records individuals hundreds thousands permanent temporary contemporary body piercing practices emphasize use safe body piercing materials frequently utilizing specialized tools developed purpose body piercing invasive procedure risks including reaction infection excessive physical injuries precautions piercing procedures careful emphasized minimize likelihood encountering problems healing time required body piercing vary widely according placement little month years history body recently subject scholarly research archaeologists hampered studying body piercing primary sources early records rarely discussed use meaning jewellery common grave goods deterioration flesh adorned makes difficult jewellery modern record 20th century piercing 1960s 1970s marketed contemporary body piercing giving history pamphlet brief included commonly reproduced urban legends notion prince albert invented piercing shares order diminish appearance large tight trousers roman attached myths reprinted fact subsequently published histories piercing ear piercing ear piercing practiced world ancient times considerable written archaeological evidence practice bodies pierced ears discovered including oldest body discovered date year old found austria ear piercing diameter oldest found grave date bce located city home biblical patriarch mentioned bible genesis jacob worn members household idols exodus aaron makes golden melted ear piercing slave chooses freed referenced connection hindu goddess pierced ears found grave region russia china dated bce sign nobility wealth placement child purchased expensive common eighteenth dynasty egypt bce generally taking form gold gem golden shaped like reserved nobility ancient greeks wore paste shaped like sacred birds women ancient rome wore precious ears europe women fell fashion generally 4th 16th centuries styles clothing hair tended obscure ears gradually came vogue italy spain england france spreading north_america world war piercing fell favor newly invented clip fashionable according abuses common men 16th century women confirms practice gentlemen courage evidently originating spain practice ear piercing european men spread court france era england typically worn ear sported 1st earl somerset shakespeare sir common men wore belief piercing ear improved long distance vision led practice sailors explorers sailors pierced ears belief pay christian burial bodies washed shore nose piercing nose piercing long history bce refer nose modern practice india believed spread middle eastern nomadic tribes route emperors 16th century remains customary indian hindu women age wear nose stud usually left association female reproductive organs medicine piercing night woman marries genesis servant gave nose ring nose piercing practiced tribes middle_east peoples africa native american tribes practiced piercing popular tribes new_guinea adorned pierced bones feathers symbolize wealth men tribe derived practice nose piercing common tribe wore gold rings practice continued day nose piercing remains popular pakistan bangladesh practiced number middle eastern arab countries lip tongue lip piercing lip stretching historically found african american tribal cultures pierced lip sported peoples wore people wore rings practice stretching lips piercing plates found pre south_america tribes pacific_northwest africa parts common women lips lip disc called means gradual childhood reach inches diameter eventually alter jaw lip stretching practiced places women wear lip rings occasion reach centimetres diameter pre north american cultures seen status symbol oldest form high status symbol women practice wearing died western influence tongue piercing practiced cultures ritual symbol wall paintings highlight ritual nobility pierce collecting blood bark burned honor gods practiced middle_east piercing history piercing piercing piercing particularly printed works continuing repeat myths originally pamphlet brief example according colleague claimed piercing popular ancient egyptian depicted egyptian claim widely repeated sources records support historical practice piercing records exist refer practices piercing cultures prior 20th century dated ancient india describes piercing permit sexual objects borneo passed bone opposite reason diminish sexual activity mention piercing medieval french interpreted piercing women suggested shaped like piercing sign soldiers rome piercing connected rites passage british american sailors traveled significant latitude western women 14th century sported pierced left visible low cut dresses fashionable day widely reported 1890s rings called rings resurfaced fashion statement women west wear sides trend existed short lived growing popularity west early 20th century piercing body uncommon west world war began increasing popularity gay male ear piercing time culturally unacceptable women relatively common form piercing began growing popularity 1960s 1970s piercing began expand punk movement embraced featuring safety began form modern incorporated piercing elements cultures stretching body piercing heavily popularized united_states group including ward regarded founding father modern body piercing ward opened home based piercing business followed opening professional body piercing specialty studio america ward distributed pamphlet written ward illustrated interest exotic word body piercing spread wider community ward collaborated launching publication dedicated subject significant development body piercing england occurred group including known body convicted assault involvement year period including acts body piercing courts declared decorative body piercing illegal erotic body piercing subsequently group countdown formed protest group appealed decision house_of_lords finally attempting verdict ruled consent acts success spite repeated failures situation publicized issue times court decision nonsense body modification general popular united_states 1990s piercing widespread growing availability access nose lips tongue piercing depicted music video year inspired young female fans follow suit according piercing bible consumer drive essentially inspired creation body piercing fledged industry body piercing given media related boost half time performance super bowl singer janet_jackson experienced wardrobe malfunction left exposed jackson pierced professional body reported considerable increases business following heavily publicized event alongside traditional piercing techniques modern body includes variant techniques flesh widely available opens skin membranes larger end piece jewellery bar ends inserted kinds difficult remove tissue form end ends jewellery tube jewellery placed bar looks similar flesh technique frequently form ladder modern body piercing practices include dermal dermal piercing combines piercing create single point opening body creates permit end jewellery surface skin technique performed body popularly eyes chest finger simulate ring 21st century practice body piercing subject trends belly button popular 1990s piercing trend entered mainstream recent years piercing piercing considered highly fashionable additionally practice ear lobe stretching popular turn century survey people england age found approximately body sites heavy representation women aged piercing demographic common body sites nose ear lobe following tongue tied lip respectively preference women followed closely ranking common male order significantly different descending popularity ear tongue nose lip cross cultural study published found individuals likely involved forms expression reasons piercing reasons piercing vary greatly survey international publication found people effort express people pierce commemorate landmark events overcome traumatic ones according assistant director sexual abuse survivors choose body piercing means body parts memories abuse piercing chosen simple aesthetic value highlight particular areas body piercing reflect woman satisfaction shape condition stomach people pierce permanently temporarily enhance sexual pleasure increase sexual satisfaction people participate form body play known play piercing temporarily body sexual piercing combined suspension historically important religious ceremonies native americans featuring variants sun dance ceremony including practiced crow ceremony men wished obtain visions pierced shoulders chest men undergone ceremony past suspended poles outside sun dance lodge contemporary southeast asian rituals practice body piercing form spiritual self generally subject attempts enter trance prior piercing gap self expressive piercing spiritual piercing modern use piercing forms body modification way society according piercing culturally binding ritual time piercing culturally binding means rebellion particularly western cultures year analysis published body piercing found public piercing served mechanism accelerated political communication private served enhance sexuality contest piercing body piercing grown widespread remain controversial particularly youth countries impose age consent laws requiring parental permission minors receive body scotland requires parental consent youths wales began considering similar law addition imposing parental consent requirements western_australia prohibits piercing private areas minors including penalty fine imprisonment states require parental consent pierce minors requiring physical presence parents act state idaho imposed minimum age body piercing controversy erupted indiana local high school featured spread body decorations featured body teachers students year georgia year old boy remained school suspension month violating school policy wearing nose tongue school mother decided according body piercing corporate dress codes strictly limit piercing displays time limited ear jewellery small matched employees resorts permitted display body piercing religions held destructive body passages bible including interpreted prohibiting body modification body held property god taken official position medical reasons accept women long set lower lobe ears place body wearing large nose rings forbidden world records officially titled pierced woman scotland holds permanent setting record judges body time head face june certified numbered february daily_telegraph reported pierced man permanent rings face january canadian set body session surgical session hours play piercing skin pierced jewellery inserted worn temporarily december year hours march record overturned temporary metal rings inserted hours minutes record body surgical set allowed gauge centimetres surgical inserted body contemporary piercing practices contemporary body piercing jewellery body piercing jewellery number materials varying strengths weaknesses surgical steel commonly metals likely cause reaction platinum safe alternatives fresh initial gold grade gold mixed metals sterling silver good alternative piercing cause initial age additional risk reaction arise stud jewellery different metal primary piece body piercing jewellery measured thickness diameter length countries use millimeters usa system assigns lower numbers thicker gauge millimetres gauge millimetres piercing tools permanent body performed creating opening body sharp object area pierced opening needle usually hollow medical needle removing tissue dermal punch tools body piercing include piercing needle standard method united_states involves making opening tip hollow medical needle available different lengths shapes straight useful body parts curved manufactured areas straight ideal needle selected typically gauge larger initial jewellery worn higher indicating thinner needle inserted body pierced frequently hand aid needle holder needle body initial jewellery worn piercing pushed opening following needle jewellery inserted hollow end needle needle pulls jewellery left outside united_states use needle containing hollow plastic tube placed end needle countries piercing needle favoured united_states regarded medical device illegal body procedure similar piercing needle method initial jewellery inserted jewellery pulled piercing bleeding follow piercing larger jewellery dermal punch dermal punch remove circular area tissue jewellery placed useful larger popular use ears legal use personnel parts united_states piercing gun vast majority women west ears pierced piercing gun safety piercing guns originally developed livestock disputed recommend use piercing body parts ears recommends piercing guns piercing requiring members agree use piercing guns practice placed opposite body pierced receive needle hold stabilize tissue pierced stabilized use triangular headed usually stabilized oval headed large openings jaws permit needle jewellery pass directly designed segment instead removal piercing method supports tissue hand needle receiving tubes hollow tube metal resistant glass plastic needle receiving tubes like support tissue piercing site common tubes intended support tissue receive needle passed tissue offering protection sharp point needle receiving tubes piercing method supplied particularly united_kingdom europe injected non medical personnel legally permitted administer united_states risks associated body piercing body piercing invasive procedure risks survey persons age england complications reported professional help necessary complications require risks note include reaction metal piercing jewellery particularly risk high quality jewellery manufactured similar metals infection viral particularly group reports 16th european congress clinical infectious diseases indicated seldom percent result local infection estimates risk infection greatest heart disease higher chance developing life threatening taking woman indiana lost breast infection piercing viral include potentially hiv documented cases hiv caused piercing rare infection piercing tongue fatal higher prevalence colonization reported young individuals tongue piercing comparison non tongue pierced matched individuals excess tissue including formation removed leave hole mark physical trauma including tearing friction piercing site cause delay healing risks wearing properly sized jewellery changing touching piercing required conscious environmental factors clothing impact piercing oral trauma including recession tissue dental fracture wear recession tissue affects subjects lip oral ornaments cases tooth bearing bone involved stability teeth place requiring regeneration surgery dental fracture wear affects subjects lip oral ornaments contemporary body piercing studios generally numerous precautions protect health person pierced expected location pierced hands wear gloves procedure areas prescribed law frequently gloves changed multiple times pair step setup avoid cross contamination example cleaned area pierced client change gloves avoid area gloves clean wearing sterile gloves required law professional piercing procedures areas states florida south_carolina tools jewellery non surfaces cleaned agents regular basis clients addition recommends classes aid blood borne professional training healing process body piercing process body piercing evolved gradually practice myths harmful recommendations persist piercing studio provide clients written verbal instructions areas mandated law healing process broken stages phase wound open bleeding expected growth phase body produces cells protein heal edges contract piercing forming tunnel tissue called phase weeks months longer year maturation phase cells lining piercing strengthen stabilize stage takes months years complete normal white slightly yellow discharge noticeable jewellery produce substance meant protect wound deposits expected time small sign infection expected initial phase difficult distinguish solid distinctive rotten odor according piercing bible time typically takes piercing heal varies widely according placement piercing quicker heal hood prince albert healing little month longer slowest heal source reporting range months years prolonged healing connected clothing friction related media chart comparing wire likely encountered making jewellery chart comparing ring sizes series numbering american gauge jewellery
Body piercing