cartoons controversy muhammad cartoons controversy muhammad cartoons crisis danish began danish newspaper published editorial cartoons september depicted muhammad principal figure religion islam newspaper announced attempt contribute debate criticism islam self censorship muslim groups denmark complained issue eventually led protests world including violent demonstrations riots muslim countries islam strong tradition considered highly islamic traditions visually depict muhammad compounded sense cartoons insulted muhammad islam offended muslims organisations objected depictions responded islamic countries danish government action response filed judicial complaint newspaper dismissed january danish government refused meet diplomatic representatives muslim countries intervene case number danish visited middle_east late raise awareness issue presented containing cartoons information found result issue received prominent media attention muslim countries leading protests world late january early february escalated violence resulting reported deaths attacks danish european diplomatic missions attacks churches christians major international boycott groups responded protest endorsing danish policies launching buy danish campaigns displays support cartoons reprinted newspapers world sense solidarity illustration major news story danish prime minister described controversy denmark worst international relations incident second world war incident came time heightened political social tensions muslim majority countries western countries following high profile islamic terrorist attacks west including september attacks western military muslim countries iraq afghanistan cartoons reaction aggravated strained relations relationship muslims denmark broader society similarly low point conflict came islamic community rest society years terrorist plots claiming retaliation cartoons planned executed targets affiliated newspapers published cartoons denmark supporters said publication cartoons legitimate exercise free speech regardless validity expression important openly discuss islam fear cartoons important points issues danish tradition relatively high tolerance freedom speech focus attention controversy ignited debate limits freedom expression societies religious tolerance relationship muslim minorities broader societies west relations general west critics cartoons described racist muslims possibly intended danish minority saw manifestation ignorance history western double standards timeline debate self censorship september danish news service published article discussing difficulty encountered writer initially unable find illustrator prepared work children book life prophet muhammad danish artists declined proposal fear artist agreed assist anonymously said afraid family safety according artist declined murder amsterdam film director year cited attack october lecturer assaulted opposed reading non muslims lecture story gained traction major danish newspapers reported story following day supposed artists participate seen evidence self censorship fear violence led debate denmark danish news paper stated february asked touch artists claim work proved author refused able confirm incident properly described publication editorial meeting jutland post denmark largest daily newspaper september reporter idea asking members newspaper union willing draw muhammad experiment degree professional felt threatened culture editor interested idea wrote members union asking draw interpretations muhammad responded letter declined participate know contribute called vague project thought project stupid badly paid said afraid drawings submitted newspaper employees directly muhammad editors thought responded employed newspapers prohibited working end editor chief decided given inconclusive results story better suited opinion piece news story decided publish culture section entirely direction editor professor written results experiment idea self censorship problem denmark overwhelming majority responded positively refused contractual philosophical reasons said survey lacked validity story fell short sound basis said fact controversial cartoons drawn newspaper staff demonstrates newspaper desire provoke insult danish muslims exceeded wish test self censorship danish rose wrote editorial accompanied cartoons argued recent cases self censorship weighing freedom speech fear confronting issues islam thought legitimate news story incidents cited book critical islam want names published gallery london withdrew installation avant garde artist depicting bible torn pieces comedian said interview dare bible television rose mentioned case danish met prime minister called prime minister interfere press order positive coverage islam september published article entitled face muhammad incorporating cartoons article consisted cartoons explanatory text rose wrote modern secular society rejected muslims demand special position insisting special consideration religious feelings incompatible contemporary democracy freedom speech ready insults ridicule certainly attractive nice look mean religious feelings fun price minor importance present context way slippery slope tell self censorship end invited members danish editorial union draw muhammad later rose explained intent washington_post treated islam way treat christianity buddhism religions treating muslims denmark equals point integrating danish tradition satire society strangers cartoons including excluding muslims publication cartoons accompanied editorial titled threat darkness condemning islamic spiritual leaders feel entitled interpret prophet word insult comes object intelligent satire october leading danish newspaper published poll thirty members danish cartoonist association said willing draw muhammad doubts willing fear possible artists willing respected muslim ban depicting muhammad description cartoons cartoons drawn professional denmark cartoons danish texts deliberately issue depicts school child denmark named muhammad islamic prophet based danish cultural expression includes danish politician response immediate responses publication included newspaper sellers refusing distribute day paper following days cartoons received significant attention danish press outlets according people newspaper muslims instinct split blame criticised gag said islam openly criticised attacked rose account growing self censorship surveyed danish said self censorship generally perceived problem october local teenager newspaper offices threatening kill arrested mother turned shortly publication group islamic leaders formed protest group called meeting discuss strategy took place copenhagen days cartoons appeared country represented meeting established action points try influence public opinion cartoons mosque designated group spokesman group planned variety political activities including launching legal complaint newspaper writing letters media outlets inside outside denmark contacting politicians diplomatic representatives organising protest copenhagen danish muslims text messages day strike sleep planned took place peaceful protest attracted held copenhagen october having received petitions danish ambassadors muslim majority countries turkey saudi_arabia iran pakistan egypt indonesia algeria libya morocco head palestinian general delegation asked meeting danish prime minister october wanted discuss perceived going campaign danish public circles media islam muslims letter ambassadors mentioned issue muhammad cartoons recent indictment statements minister culture concluded statements publications urge government responsible task law land interest inter faith harmony better integration denmark overall relations muslim world government answered letter addressing request meeting freedom expression wide scope danish government means influencing press danish legislation prohibits acts expressions nature offended party bring acts expressions court courts decide individual cases refusal meet ambassadors later prominently criticised danish political opposition danish ambassadors prime minister fellow party member minister foreign affairs wrote certainly true prime minister legal right intervene editorial process publicly enactment free speech publication content cartoons rose explanatory text editorial day general association islam terrorism instead interview october endorse position act publishing cartoons wrote joint letter prime minister expressing alarm cartoons recent incidents insults committed danish politicians muslim countries continued work try issue issues mentioned initial letter addressed danish government turkey egypt particularly active turkish prime minister visited copenhagen november encounter turkish press described crisis clashed cartoons television station affiliated allowed broadcast denmark trying engage danish government egyptian foreign minister secretary generals sent letters foreign policy coordinator complaining danish judicial investigation october january october representatives muslim organisations complained cartoons early october filed complaint danish police claiming committed offence section danish criminal code investigation public prosecutor section criminal code known law prohibits disturbing public order publicly insulting worship existing religious community denmark case case involving anti semitic group resulted sentence recent case programme director accused case involving song christian god found guilty section insult threat degradation natural persons publicly attacking race colour skin national ethnic roots faith sexual orientation january discontinued investigation found basis concluding cartoons constituted criminal offence publication concerned subject public interest danish case law extends editorial freedom journalists subjects public interest stated assessing constitutes offence right freedom speech taken consideration said freedom speech exercised necessary respect human rights including right protection discrimination insult degradation new hearing resulting complaint original decision director public prosecutors denmark agreed previous ruling tour middle_east december failing progress danish government newspaper decided gain support leverage outside denmark meeting directly religious political leaders middle_east created page commonly known leading arabic containing cartoons supporting materials meetings finalised group trip lebanon mid december contained following introduction describing situation muslims denmark country background cartoons group action plan articles editorials september accompanied cartoons copy page cartoons translated arabic point declaration alleged western double standards free speech wrote islam ridiculed insulted guise free speech parallel insults unacceptable cartoons paper blown size translated cartoon muhammad sword shown overview page copies letters group press releases arabic translation editorial october discussing early controversy refusing satirical cartoons danish newspaper published november response controversy spokesman called offensive original cartoons despite intended satire said broader campaign muslims provocative additional pictures authors alleged sent muslims denmark said indicative hate feel subjected denmark egyptian newspapers discussing group visit egypt contained alleged muslims denmark lie government run newspaper said additional images sent anonymously mail muslims participating online debate website apparently included illustrate perceived atmosphere lived february incorrectly reported images published image later found wire service photograph contestant french pig contest sur annual festival additional images photograph portrayed muslim mounted dog praying cartoon portrayed muhammad demonic experts including examined said broadly accurate technical point view contained easily people familiar danish society assessment agreed mistakes islam officially recognised religion denmark cartoons result contest role prime minister gave medal gave capacity party leader claimed speak behalf organisations later denied connection additions pig photograph situation association person pig considered insulting islamic culture confused cartoons published newspaper muslims met group later said delegation given impression danish prime minister controlled owned circulated visits egypt syria lebanon early december presenting case influential religious political leaders asking support group given high level access trips contacts egyptian distributed informally december summit heads state attendance issued condemnation cartoons express concern rising hatred islam muslims condemned recent incident image holy prophet attacked practice freedom expression pretext religions eventually official issued requesting united_nations adopt binding resolution banning contempt religious beliefs providing sanctions imposed countries institutions attention said led media coverage brought issue public attention muslim countries international protests protests cartoons held world late january february turned violent resulting deaths globally according new_york_times large demonstrations held majority muslim countries country significant muslim minorities including nigeria canada india united_states united_kingdom demonstration outside london australia new_zealand kenya continental europe instances demonstrations cartoons local political grievances muslims north nigeria protests attack local christians ongoing battle influence radical protests governments middle_east authoritarian governments bolster religious nationalist credentials internal disputes associated political motives explain intensity demonstrations western attacked danish austrian lebanon norwegian danish representations syria severely damaged christians christian churches targets violent retribution places secretary state united_states accused iran syria organising protests iran syria lebanon ally syria iran lebanon condemned attack danish embassy death threats newspaper resulting going hiding danish prime minister called denmark worst international relations incident second world war peaceful counter demonstrations support cartoons denmark freedom speech held national ministers lost jobs amid controversy italy support cartoons sweden role shutting website displaying cartoons interior minister riot response comments led deaths people india minister state government announced cash reward beheaded danish cartoonist subsequently case filed district court eminent muslim scholars india split supporting punishment calling minister legal action ongoing boycott consumer boycott organised saudi_arabia kuwait middle eastern countries denmark march urged muslims boycott denmark norway france germany insulted prophet printing cartoons depicting consumer goods companies vulnerable boycott companies heavily affected denmark biggest middle_east lost million million dollars million day initial weeks boycott scandinavian tourism egypt fell months september reported muslim boycott danish goods reduced denmark total exports february june attributed decline exports middle_east bbc said cost danish businesses million compared period year statistics showed guardian newspaper said danish milk products dumped middle_east right wing americans started buying quarter year denmark exports overall boycott significant effect danish economy response protests response initial protests muslim groups published open letter citizens saudi_arabia website danish arabic offence drawings caused defending right newspaper publish second open letter honourable muslim world dated february danish version arabic version english version said respect drawings prophet led anger allow correct september year published different idea prophet looked like opinion drawings sober intended offensive danish law offended muslims cartoons reprinted egyptian newspaper october article strongly denouncing provoke reactions religious government authorities october early january examples cartoons reprinted major european newspapers netherlands germany scandinavia romania switzerland beginning major international protests published globe primarily continental europe cartoons reprinted major newspapers canada united_kingdom united_states articles covered story including reasons decision publish cartoons widely united_states despite country free speech laws included increased religious sensitivity higher integration muslims mainstream society desire considering wars iraq afghanistan numerous newspapers closed editors dismissed arrested decision intention publish cartoons countries including south_africa publication cartoons banned government court orders denounced calls death danish secretary general said height crisis violent protests islamic appealed calm denounced calls boycott danish goods high profile writers signed letter called manifesto facing new published number newspapers said violence sparked publication cartoons muhammad shows need fight secular values freedom later developments numerous violent plots related cartoons discovered years main protests early primarily targeted editor cartoonist property employees newspapers printed cartoons representatives danish state subject attacks planned attacks lives special police protection january police firearms stop assassin home february attacker year old man sentenced years prison men based norway arrested suspicion planning terror attack men convicted united_states convicted planning terrorism sentenced muslim danish founded organisation called democratic muslims denmark response controversy worried believed seen speak muslims denmark said sharp division danish muslim community denmark target said good came crisis cartoon crisis clear muslims united real difference people like shown talk muslims said crisis served wake radical islam european countries professor wanted publish book controversy titled refused publish cartoons representations muhammad fear safety staff response company published muhammad banned images called picture book version book years day cartoons published republished denmark rose book silence book international edition published united_states include cartoons denmark stated regretted visit lebanon egypt consequences expected august expressed regret role tour middle_east stating want clear today trip totally wrong time fascinated logical force islamic mindset greater picture convinced fight faith islam practising muslim said printing cartoons personally apologised cartoonist responded saying met man converted understands values society sincere convincing strong views spokesman said publish drawings muhammad changed position controversies attacks french satirical weekly newspaper taken court publishing cartoons acquitted charges hatred incident marked beginning number violent incidents related cartoons muhammad newspaper following decade november right november issue issue called featured muhammad guest editor editor known workers subsequently received police protection placed hit list rose editing edition muhammad january masked gunmen opened fire staff police officers vengeance continued muhammad killing people including wounding print cartoons wake attack new editor chief citing security concerns february wake paris opened fire police officers meeting discussing freedom speech swedish cartoonist later attacked killing people copenhagen copenhagen background opinions issues danish tradition freedom speech guaranteed law danish constitution today constitutional act denmark june danish freedom expression far reaching western european standards subject legal restrictions dealing libel hate speech country comparatively attitude freedom expression provoked official protests foreign governments example germany turkey russia allowing controversial organisations use denmark base operations reporters borders ranked denmark index danish newspapers privately owned independent government denmark law makes offence mock legal religions charged law convicted complaint filed section law decision stated assessing constitutes offence section section danish criminal code right freedom expression taken consideration found criminal offence taken place case director public said free right express opinions religious subjects correct description existing law article states incompatible right freedom expression demand special consideration religious feelings ready ridicule intended public deemed based race colour national ethnic origin belief sexual orientation section criminal code people convicted provision speech directed muslims published satirical cartoons depicting christian figures rejected cartoons depicted jesus opening accusations double standard february refused publish holocaust cartoons included cartoons mocked denied holocaust offered iranian newspaper held contest controversial images later published editors consulted main copenhagen cartoons later reprinted competition finished reprinted winning runner cartoons described conservative supportive ruling party frequently reported activities considered radical including argued anti islamic positions discourse dominated editorial leadership cartoon crisis article written journalist employed paper won second prize diversity discrimination awards journalism contributed better public understanding benefits diversity fight discrimination employment islamic tradition ran led islamic scholars interpret prohibiting representation known islam centres religious authority opinion tradition uniform popular practice today general injunction representation people outside religious contexts generally images muhammad prohibited history practice images muhammad occasions generally restricted socially regulated way example muhammad face muslim communities views representations varied islam generally tolerant representations human figures islam generally representation living beings albeit variation practice outside religious context contemporary interpretations islam followed adherents entirely condemn representations kind insulting muhammad muslim societies insulting muhammad considered crimes according islamic traditionally considered death modern muslim maintain given punishment determining penalty left judicial authorities day god instructs muhammad patient insult according historical records action taken years muslims said anti cartoon stance insulting pictures pictures general according bbc satirical intent association prophet terrorism offensive vast majority muslims link played widespread perception muslims world west hostile islam muslims political issues cartoon controversy highest profile world events attracted great deal coverage commentary focusing situation muslims living west relationship western world islamic world issues surrounding freedom speech self censorship situation muslim minority denmark approximately non western immigrants lived denmark representing country population according figures reported bbc muslim population 1970s muslims arrived turkey pakistan morocco yugoslavia work 1980s 90s muslim arrivals refugees asylum iran iraq bosnia muslims second largest religious group denmark said cartoon controversy seen context increasingly media environment denmark 1990s increasingly negative coverage islam muslim minority denmark anti muslim rhetoric governing political parties government policies restrictions immigration said themes ignored international coverage issue render conclusions danish government innocent victims dispute freedom speech inaccurate background danish muslims particularly offended cartoons reinforced idea muslims terrorists respect religious beliefs british academic journal wrote publication long carefully orchestrated campaign conservative known denmark plague jutland backed centre right party prime minister successful bid power central campaign aside economic agenda promise tackle problem foreigners refused integrate danish society day writing guardian said liberal tolerant people 1990s suddenly find time history significant minority group living confronted terrifying novelty country denmark took step merely right far right professor wrote controversy understood expression growing tendency danish society latest manifestation long standing particularly deep conflict agents denmark seen major departure danish society danish muslim politician said muslims denmark europe generally fair shake accept muslims declare loyal society democracy accept reservations worry concern centred power political islam denmark muslim community tried fight especially wake controversy forming association democratic moderate muslims relationship west muslims incident occurred time unusually strained relations muslim world west result decades muslim immigration europe recent political struggles violent incidents september string terrorist attacks western muslim countries cartoons tool different political interests wide variety local international situations debate surrounded relationship islamic minorities broader societies legal moral limits press observe commenting minority religious minority group cartoons political tool west commentators publications cartoons deliberate effort muslims islam bad light influencing public opinion west aid political projects journalist wrote concerned ridiculous reaction sketches obscure scandinavian newspaper confirm islam west fundamentally different groups cartoon different political purposes wrote critique muslim cornerstone definition european identities replacing anti communism rallying point broad democratic consensus shift consensus critique islamic imagining europe moral community nation emerged banner diverse sectors society unite european values use middle eastern governments commentators believed controversy competing influence europe islamic world wrote muslim reaction cartoons spontaneous emotional reaction arising clash western islamic orchestrated interests elections denmark egypt later islamic seeking governments pakistan lebanon libya nigeria regimes middle_east accused taking advantage controversy adding demonstrate islamic credentials distracting domestic situations setting external enemy according wall_street_journal cartoons way showing expansion freedom democracy countries lead inevitably islam iran supreme leader blamed conspiracy row cartoons palestinian christian diplomat envoy washington alleged party distribution muhammad worldwide bid create clash west muslim world racism ignorance controversy arose cartoons question racist special contemporary forms racism racial discrimination related saw racism europe root controversy partly criticised government denmark publication cartoons said special interpretation wrong decision commission images depicting prophet defiance islamic tradition actual content individual cartoons regarded racist meaning relevant international human rights instruments controversial pictures judged offensive religious beliefs muslims accordance applicable case law means danish authorities probably prohibited drawings chosen said cartoons clearly anti islamic confused racism religion system ideas inherent identity said cartoons essentially racist muslims practice treated group based religion cartoons intended represent islam muslims negative way muhammad said cartoons islam potentially racist way ranged offensive pro muslim group problematic economist said muslims targeted way cartoons religions leaders frequently printed cartoons inspired spirit ordinary racism seen context agenda immigrants denmark february cartoonist drew bomb cartoon controversial said interpretations drawing incorrect general impression muslims islam certain aspects course shared fuel terrorists acts stem interpretations islam parts religion develop aggressive direction think protest muslims saw cartoons sign lack education islam denmark west egyptian preacher television star urged followers action remedy supposed western ignorance saying duty prophet god message known task religious scholars task said targeting religious symbol like muhammad prophet muslims share jews christians perceived long list assaults probably coincidence violent demonstrations held countries like syria iran libya relations west tense prominent islamic theologian called day anger muslims response cartoons supported calls resolution prohibits lord holy books religious holy places governments world issue saying silence crimes prophet islam insult great nation violence generates terrorism makes terrorists governments avenge prophet creates terrorism violence double standards accused european countries double standards adopting laws outlaw holocaust denial defended concept freedom speech case anti holocaust genocide denial laws place austria germany belgium czech_republic france israel lithuania poland portugal romania denmark laws wide law holocaust denial said laws holocaust denial directly comparable restrictions social satire considered double standard believed absolute right freedom speech oppose holocaust denial laws columnist wrote double standard protesters demands religious sensitivity case asked protested christians especially jews broadcast middle_east daily basis relationship islam online magazine slate wrote beginning european desire assert basic liberal values controversy sign degree cultural conflict muslim immigrant communities europe broader populations advocated measured response situation wrote danish foreign policy debate cartoon controversy simplified simple matter free speech religion said actual dispute nuanced focusing tone debate broader context western islamic relations wrote slate official reaction west particularly united_states protesters muslim community denmark supportive denmark right free speech said authority found state obvious necessary stand blackmail sabotage instead compassion concern apparently expended lit powder trail scream joy torch capital cities miserable fly blown let sure haven hurt feelings wrote response western leaders exception danish prime minister weak issue excuse threatened effort help middle_east fight assault radical middle eastern rose said expect violent reaction talked incident implies relationship west muslim world said spoke historian islam said big difference case affair perceived muslims case muslims insisting applying islamic law non muslims non muslim countries sense said kind unique case indicate europe perceived kind intermediate state muslim world non muslim world freedom speech political self censorship principal lines controversy surrounding cartoons concerned limits free speech legally constrained cartoons appropriate expression newspaper print cartoons printed response perception journalists newspaper self censorship problem ensuing reaction idea rose said wrote accompanying text publication cartoons said act self censorship free speech free speech books law thought changed death threats issued issue fundamental right free speech rose highlighted believed difference political self censorship considered dangerous said important distinction perceive good behavior fear keeping things want good example illustrator refused illustrate children book life record interviews saying insisted afraid wrote important right criticize merely islam religion general criticised media outlets print cartoons covering story wrote violent reaction cartoons constituted sort counter enlightenment defended wrote refuse feel badly insulted refuse argue freedom expression reason humour respected said things healthy society deeply held feelings beliefs exempt commentary offended option ignoring wrote liberal democracy freedom speech absolute reasonable limits libel hate speech laws society protect individuals devastating direct harm said cartoons create social environment conflict intimidation community feels way life threatened tactics incorporate people wider public democratic sphere rose argues opposite effect feel powerless said reasonable consider cartoons hate speech directly undermine group people muslims forming established discourse linking muslims terrorism france satirical magazine taken court publishing cartoons acquitted charges hatred canada human rights commission investigated magazine published cartoons found insufficient grounds proceed human rights tribunal imply criminal charges quasi judicial mandatory process publication government investigations journalists debate role government expressions deemed potentially critics said cartoon controversy sign attempts judicial concepts respect tolerance offence west wrote western left west leg stand dispute good rights free expression rights supposed severe limitations tim wrote incident revealed danger hate speech laws writing issue certainly lead laws hate speech europe luck debate laws likely destroy public harmony encourage comparable incidents following incidents compared cartoon controversy verses controversy novel global calcutta petition controversy petition ban india messenger god film united_states libya lebanon capitalist cartoon published response incident generating national attention canada cartoons netherlands film united_states cartoon controversies terror attack dutch film islam led worldwide muslim protests hate speech trial play united_kingdom submission film netherlands drawings controversy copenhagen video churches damascus february bbc february bloody cartoons documentary october cartoon affair including interviews major protagonists images cartoons size picture series burning danish embassy syria copy
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy