sir 1st sir 1st july june british colonial administrator served governor provinces new_jersey policies harsh tactics massachusetts angered colonists instrumental building broad based opposition province rule parliament events leading american revolution appointed governor new_jersey oversaw province participation later years french indian war generally positive relationship legislature given governorship massachusetts stormy relationship assembly early actions turned colony responses protests parliament attempts tax colonies deepened divisions protests bernard sought british_army troops stationed boston colonists recalled publication letters critical colony returning england continued advise british government colonial matters calling responses ongoing difficulties massachusetts culminated suffered stroke died leaving large family early life francis born england francis bernard christened july father died years later mother remarried died smallpox probably raised aunt years stepfather forced failed courtship flee holland stepfather returned years later continued play role boy upbringing bernard formal education began westminster spent seven years oxford christ church granted master arts read law called bar years instead typical seven study settled lincoln practiced law took variety municipal posts neighbors lincoln son john serving thomas went north american colonies appointed governor bernard married daughter sheriff december couple raised large family couple living children prospects income support large family unlikely lincoln apparently decided seek posting colonies described bernard infamous degree time having numerous family provide governor new_jersey bernard wife cousin lord probably connections secured appointment governor january post available death leaving children relatives couple sailed north_america children arriving june colonies middle french indian war time bernard arrival established good working relationship new_jersey assembly able convince province raise troops funds ongoing war effort signed treaty agreement new_jersey pennsylvania group indian tribes principal concern new_jersey fixing boundaries colonial indian lands effort important reduced raiding possible provincial military strength war new france agreements negotiated bernard extinguished remaining indian titles new_jersey negotiations resulted establishment formal indian reservation near present day reservation sparsely populated abandoned remaining inhabitants joined upstate new_york governor massachusetts influence connections bernard appointed governor late delays communications slow travel bernard arrive boston august initially warmly welcomed tenure massachusetts difficult bernard sought vigorously enforce crown officials including governor customs officials received shares proceeds seizure ships caught violating acts legal actions involving heard jury admiralty court crown appointed judge extremely unpopular bernard early opponent appointing lieutenant governor chief justice province highest court post promised previous governors father upset younger resigned post advocate general crown representative equivalent government prosecutor admiralty court devoted instead arguing pro behalf merchants defense ships early actions bernard tenure drew clear dividing line popular party exemplified opposed british colonial policy court party exemplified supported bernard difficulties compounded death late king necessary reissue assistance customs tax collectors essentially open ended search controversial unpopular issuance later explicitly united_states_constitution approved acts chief justice saw popularity fall argued violated rights gained popularity elected provincial legislature placed continue attacks bernard policies session assembly engineered gift bernard partially successful divert bernard attention ongoing customs bernard continued tax measures including sugar act stamp act passage acts protest response stamp act included rioting streets united factions province governor passage raised storm protest colonies massachusetts provincial assembly issued circular letter calling colonies join boycott goods subject taxes bernard ordered april lord recently appointed newly created office colonial secretary dissolve assembly failed letter assembly refused bernard july says letters london greatly influenced officials distorted reality conviction faction espoused violence primary method opposition example kept recognizing peace keeping efforts equally dangerous bernard elaborate accounts built evidence warden argues bernard careful explicitly ask london troops exaggerated accounts strongly suggested needed fall warned possible insurrection boston day exaggerated report disturbance certainly given lord impression troops way enforce obedience town warden notes key british officials boston wrote london strain thousand british_army troops arrived boston october tensions bernard local press accused writing letters ministry situation challenged release letters refused opposition agents london eventually able acquire letters reached members april promptly published radical boston gazette governor council letter particular bernard called changes massachusetts charter increase governor power increasing council dependence subject particularly harsh treatment prompted assembly formally request forever removed government province recalled england lieutenant governor acting governor bernard left boston august town held impromptu celebration decorated church bells accomplishments massachusetts included design harvard_university construction summer estate pond street jamaica plain return england return england asked received hearing concerning colonial petition rule february considered petition dismissed charges despite bernard resigned governor confirmed ownership recognition seeking awarded promised pension service learned return pension reduced awarded crown expense appeals matter rejected lord north prime minister pension raised shortly replaced appointment commissioner ireland paid bernard advisor north administration matters concerning colonies generally took harder line predecessor advocated colonial interests parliament proposals included ideas central massachusetts government act severely constrained colonial political power including council appointed governor elected assembly bernard played role difficulties recognized colonial agent franklin credentials refused colonial secretary encountered bernard biographer observes bernard presence advisor ministry cast shadow virtually american measure massachusetts ministry considered bernard role breaking trust colonists london government subsequent massachusetts politics north government considering respond bernard published select letters trade government containing proposals deal ongoing difficulties colonies proposed reconcile constitutional grievances british radical americans possible introduction american representatives included essay principles law drafted laid point point exposition viewpoints concerning imperial governance ideas enacted notably massachusetts government act outrage london sparked sympathetic colonial advocate propose closure boston port enacted boston port act decline death late bernard bequeathed manor death cousin close childhood combined family members reside received irish appointment stress situation led bernard suffer stroke mobility impaired took waters bath appear helped recovery applied permission resign irish post settled manor resignation accepted pension restored travel oxford received honorary doctor civil law alma mater christ church health moved later smaller house nearby died june seizure legacy bernard believed difficulties massachusetts personal instead accepting responsibility blamed problems policies london instructed implement wrote bernard antagonistic reports matters massachusetts instrumental turning british government colonial interests bernard headed list drawn massachusetts american revolutionary war broke notorious conspirators government property confiscated entirely taken bernard son john resided maine war sided victorious americans able receive massachusetts title half island election governor massachusetts reverend sermon warned ignored state legislature bernard new_jersey town settled located renamed bernard honour massachusetts incorporated massachusetts administration named bernard named massachusetts county birth massachusetts british prime minister
Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet