commonly known crimson cup scarlet cup species fungus family order addition main distribution central fungus recorded bulgaria frequently confused distinguished related species differences microscopic characteristics presence number oil spores species imperfect form fungus lacks sexually reproductive stage life cycle taxonomy phylogeny species collected botanist october new_york american mycologist described annual report named noted physical resemblance known said distinguished species yellow hymenium larger spores considered species synonymous later pointed importance fresh material species diagnosis especially noting examined material dried specimens western north_america prepared recognize group species distinct large eastern north american species saw fresh living material case fungi microscopic differences similar species accurately determined examining fresh material analyzed specimens fresh material north american specimens found commonly results echoed similar analysis european specimens performed phylogenetic relationships genus analyzed late 1990s analysis combined comparison sequences internal non functional traditional morphological characters spore features fruit body shape degree hair based analysis clade related taxa includes species species contain large oil spores contrast major clade containing type species characterized having smaller numerous commonly known crimson cup scarlet cup shares description fruit body broad deeply cup shaped exterior surface fruit body covered whitish hairs interior fertile surface cup hymenium orange red edge cup margin curved young fruit bodies stem present short cylindrical elliptical cylindrical rounded ends hyaline measure contain large oil drops end oil drops useful taxonomic characters help distinguish species spores covered typically causes spores ejected sterile end cells hymenium slender slightly enlarged contain numerous red contain beta fruit body color form imperfect fungi lack sexual stage life cycle typically reproduce process structures called cases sexual stage stage later identified relationship established species international code botanical nomenclature permits recognition names organisms based restricted state habitat distribution saprobic species derives nutrients breaking complex found woody material fruit bodies found growing singly small groups attached buried partially buried sticks forests noted preferred wood type species fruit bodies typically appear early spring occasionally late fall distribution appears largely restricted eastern united_states reported bulgaria representing european collection
Sarcoscypha dudleyi