adolf pronounced march june german nazi lieutenant colonel major organisers holocaust tasked general lieutenant general managing logistics mass jews camps german occupied eastern_europe world war captured argentina israel intelligence service following widely publicised trial israel found guilty war crimes hanged school career briefly worked father mining company austria family moved worked travelling oil salesman beginning joined returning germany joined appointed head department responsible jewish affairs especially emigration nazis encouraged violence economic pressure outbreak world war september staff arranged jews concentrated major cities expectation transported farther east overseas drew plans jewish reservation south east poland later madagascar plans carried nazis began invasion soviet_union jewish policy changed emigration planning genocide hosted regime administrative leaders january collected information attended conference prepared minutes staff responsible jewish camps victims germany invaded hungary march oversaw country jewish population victims sent concentration camp cent murdered arrival time transports stopped july hungary jews killed estimates million jews killed nazis said end war leap laughing grave feeling million people conscience source extraordinary satisfaction germany defeat fled austria lived moved argentina false papers information collected israel intelligence agency confirmed location team agents captured brought israel stand trial criminal charges including war crimes crimes humanity crimes jewish people found guilty charges sentenced death hanging executed june trial widely followed media later subject books including work jerusalem coined phrase evil describe early life education eldest children born protestant family germany parents adolf maria née housewife elder adolf moved austria position commercial manager electrical company rest family followed year later death maria father married devout protestant sons attended kaiser state secondary school high school adolf_hitler attended years played violin participated sports clubs including scouting group included older boys members right wing militias poor school performance resulted father withdrawing und college left attaining degree joined father new enterprise worked months worked sales clerk radio company early worked district agent time joined youth section right wing veterans movement began reading newspapers published party platform included removal germany rejection terms treaty versailles radical anti promised strong central government increased living space peoples formation national community based race racial active suppression jews stripped citizenship civil rights early career advice family friend local protection squadron leader joined austrian branch member number joined april membership confirmed seven months later member number regiment responsible guarding party headquarters protecting party speakers rallies violent pursued party activities weekends continuing position vacuum oil months nazi seizure power germany january lost job vacuum oil banned austria time events factors decision return germany like fleeing austria spring left joined headquarters attended training programme depot august returned border september assigned lead man liaison team guide austrian national germany propaganda material austria late december unit dissolved promoted squad leader equivalent corporal battalion barracks door concentration camp requested transfer escape military training service accepted assigned sub office organising seized ritual objects proposed museum months invited join section berlin headquarters transfer granted november later came consider big break assigned study prepare reports movement jewish organisations learned hebrew gaining reputation specialist jewish matters march married couple sons berlin vienna prague buenos_aires promoted head squad leader commissioned second lieutenant following year nazi_germany violence economic pressure encourage jews leave germany country jews emigrated travelled british mandatory palestine superior assess possibility germany jews voluntarily country forged press credentials travelled cairo egypt met agent unable strike deal suggested jews allowed leave terms agreement refused strong jewish presence palestine lead founding independent state run contrary policy attempted return palestine days later denied entry british authorities refused required prepared report visit published posted vienna help organise jewish emigration austria integrated jewish community organisations placed supervision tasked encouraging jewish emigration funding came money seized jewish people organisations donations overseas placed control promoted lieutenant july appointed jewish emigration vienna created august time left vienna nearly jews left austria legally smuggled palestine second world war transition emigration weeks invasion poland september nazi policy jews changed voluntary emigration forced discussions hitler preceding weeks september head advised staff jews collected cities poland good rail links facilitate expulsion territories controlled germany starting areas incorporated announced plans create reservation portion poland incorporated jews deemed undesirable await september comprising police agencies combined new placed control posting prague assist setting emigration office transferred berlin october command entire head immediately assigned organise jews district district recently annexed portion poland initiative laid plans jews vienna plan chose location new transit camp jews temporarily housed deported week october jews sent area train essentially left fend open meadow water little food barracks planned completed driven soviet occupied territory eventually placed nearby labour camp operation soon called partly hitler decided required trains better military purposes time hitler long range plans hundreds thousands ethnic germans transported annexed territories ethnic poles jews moved east particularly december assigned head tasked overseeing jewish affairs evacuation announced special expert charge arranging occupied poland job entailed police agencies physical removal jews dealing confiscated property arranging financing transport days appointment formulated plan jews plan governor general occupied territories accept negative impact economic development ultimate goal region role minister responsible year plan march forbade transports cleared frank transports continued slower pace originally envisioned start war april jews transported trains period died transit claimed trial upset conditions trains transit camps correspondence documents period primary concern achieve economically minimal disruption germany ongoing military operations jews concentrated major cities expectation point transported east overseas conditions severe poor lack food resulted high death rate august released memorandum titled calling madagascar million jews year years germany failed defeat royal_air_force invasion britain postponed indefinitely britain controlled atlantic merchant fleet germany disposal use evacuations planning madagascar proposal stalled hitler continued mention plan february idea permanently shelved conference start invasion soviet_union june task forces followed army conquered areas rounded killed jews officials ranking members communist_party officials received regular detailed reports activities july gave written prepare submit plan total solution jewish question territories german control participation involved government organisations general plan east called population occupied eastern_europe soviet_union siberia use slave labour murdered stated later told mid september hitler ordered jews german controlled europe killed initial plan implement conquest soviet_union entry united_states war december german failure hitler decided jews europe immediately war end sight time promoted lieutenant colonel highest rank achieved planning proposed genocide hosted brought administrative leaders nazi regime january preparation conference drafted list numbers jews european countries prepared statistics emigration attended conference oversaw took minutes prepared official distributed record meeting covering letter specified act liaison departments involved supervision large scale began immediately camps genocide code named operation honour died prague early june wounds suffered assassination attempt succeeded head policy acted operational capacity specific orders came office responsible collecting information jews area organising seizure property arranging scheduling trains department constant contact jews conquered nations france easily stripped possessions deported deaths held regular meetings berlin offices department members working field travelled extensively visit concentration camps wife disliked berlin resided prague children initially visited weekly time went visits tapered month hungary germany invaded hungary march arrived day soon joined members staff members security police hitler appointment hungarian government nazis meant hungarian jews remained essentially unharmed point deported serve forced labour toured northeastern hungary week april visited assess preparations round ups began april trains jews day left hungary travelled camp arriving newly built spur line terminated metres away gas chambers cent people train chosen forced labourers rest killed hours arrival international pressure hungarian government halted july time hungary jews died spite orders stop personally arrangements additional trains victims sent july series meetings beginning april met hungarian jew member relief rescue committee later testified berlin authorised allow emigration million jews exchange trucks equipped handle conditions eastern came proposal refused consider offer june involved negotiations resulted rescue people sent train safety switzerland exchange diamonds gold cash involved jewish emigration matters angered suspension death camps requested july end august assigned head commando squad assist evacuation ethnic germans trapped hungarian border romania path advancing people sent rescue refused leave instead soldiers helped evacuate members german field hospital trapped close awarded second class october november arranged tens thousands jewish victims travel forced marches conditions vienna distance kilometres december fled soviets completed capital returned berlin arranged records burned officers fled closing months war family living relative safety austria war europe ended estimates million jews representing thirds jewish population europe nazi regime second world war end second world war captured americans spent time camps officers forged papers identified escaped work detail realised actual identity discovered obtained new identity papers relocated frequently months moving initially got work forestry industry later leased small plot land lived trials major war criminals starting evidence activities given commandant obtained landing permit argentina false identification organisation directed austrian residing italy known nazi sympathies documents enabled obtain humanitarian passport remaining entry permits allow emigration argentina travelled europe staying series monasteries set safe houses departing ship genoa june arrived buenos_aires july initially lived worked government contractor sent family moved buenos_aires held series low paying jobs finding employment rose department head family built house street street moved months beginning late extensively interviewed nazi journalist intention producing biography tapes notes produced memoirs later basis series articles appeared life magazines late capture argentina jews survivors holocaust dedicated finding nazis jewish nazi hunter learned letter shown seen buenos_aires passed information israeli vienna father died arrangements private detectives photograph members family brother said bear strong family resemblance current photos fugitive provided photographs agents february instrumental exposing identity german half jew emigrated argentina daughter began dating man named boasted father nazi exploits alerted prosecutor general state west_germany sent fact finding mission met door said uncle informed home sat wait returned addressed father passed information person director assigned undertake surveillance concrete evidence initially found march dispatched buenos_aires chief course weeks investigation able confirm identity fugitive argentina history turning requests nazi criminals israeli prime minister decision captured brought israel trial arrived person oversee capture operative named leader man team agents team captured near home street buenos_aires industrial community kilometres north centre buenos_aires agents arrived buenos_aires april identity confirmed observing suspect routine days determined arrived home bus work time evening planned seize walking open field bus stop house plan abandoned designated day present bus usually took home finally half hour late got bus agent engaged asking spanish moment frightened attempted leave men came aid wrestled ground struggle conducted car hid floor blanket taken safe houses set team held days time identity double checked confirmed days tried locate notorious nazi doctor concentration camp information living buenos_aires hoping bring israel flight left known residence city unable leads gone plans capture abandoned near midnight israeli doctor team dressed flight attendant smuggled argentina aboard bristol aircraft days earlier carried israel delegation official anniversary celebration argentina independence spain tense delay airport getting flight plan approved plane took israel stopping refuel arrived israel announced capture israel parliament following afternoon argentina abduction met violent wave carried far right sectors including june unsuccessful negotiations israel argentina requested urgent meeting protest regarded capture violation sovereign rights ensuing debate israeli representative claimed israeli agents private individuals incident isolated violation argentine law june council passed resolution agreed argentine sovereignty violated requested israel negotiations august israel argentina issued joint statement admitting violation sovereignty agreeing end dispute trial subsequent appeal israeli court determined circumstances capture bearing legality trial cia documents capture caused alarm cia west german organizations known years hiding act serve interests cold war concerned testimony west german national security advisor nazi laws including laws documents revealed agencies nazi colleagues spy european communist countries trial taken fortified police station israel spent months unwilling trial based solely evidence documents witness testimony prisoner subject daily totalled pages chief inspector national police documents provided primarily nazi hunter able determine lying additional information brought forward forced admitting insist authority nazi hierarchy following orders inspector noted realise crimes showed remorse pardon plea released need draw line leaders responsible people like forced serve mere instruments hands leaders wrote responsible leader feel guilty trial began april legal basis charges nazi nazi collaborators punishment law indicted criminal charges including crimes humanity war crimes crimes jewish people membership criminal organisation trial presided judges chief prosecutor israeli attorney general assisted district attorney defence team consisted german lawyer legal assistant israeli government arranged trial prominent media coverage united_states obtained exclusive rights proceedings television broadcast major newspapers globe sent reporters published page coverage story trial held today known auditorium central jerusalem sat inside glass booth protect assassination attempts building modified allow journalists watch trial closed circuit television seats available auditorium opportunity watch live television broadcasts proceedings flown daily united_states broadcast following day prosecution case presented course days involving hundreds documents witnesses holocaust survivors intention demonstrate guilt present material entire holocaust producing comprehensive record opening address began individual dock historic trial nazi regime anti history defence attorney repeatedly tried curb presentation material directly related successful addition wartime documents material presented evidence included tapes interrogation interviews argentina case interviews hand written notes admitted evidence evidence submitted prosecution took form leading nazis defence demanded men brought israel defence right cross examination role attorney general declared obliged arrest war criminals entered israel prosecution proved visited places taken place including camp witnessed mass shooting jews aware killed prosecution rested defence opened case motion dismiss based trial illegal challenged kidnapping basis israeli law indicted argued trial continue transfer jurisdiction west_germany prosecution countered stating united_nations endorsed israel actions west_germany argentina agreed charges legitimate defence motion subsequently dismissed defence engaged lengthy direct examination observers remarked appearance flat affect testimony trial insisted choice follow orders bound oath loyalty superior orders defence defendants trials asserted decisions ultimately hitler proposed decisions nazi government acts state subject normal judicial proceedings conference stated felt sense satisfaction relief conclusion clear decision superiors matter hands felt guilt day examination stated guilty arranging transports feel guilty consequences cross examination prosecutor attempted admit personally guilty confession forthcoming admitted liking jews viewing adversaries stated thought justified produced evidence stated leap grave laughing feeling million human beings conscience source extraordinary satisfaction said meant enemies soviets later examination judges admitted meant jews said remark accurate reflection opinion time trial august verdict read december judges declared guilty personally killing guilty overseeing controlling activities deemed responsible conditions board trains obtaining jews fill trains found guilty crimes humanity war crimes crimes poles found guilty membership organisations deemed criminal trials considering sentence judges concluded merely following orders believed nazi cause key genocide december sentenced death appeals execution appealed verdict relying legal arguments israel jurisdiction legality laws charged appeal hearings took place march wife flew israel saw time end april rejected appeal upheld judgement counts immediately petitioned israeli president content letter president pleading pardon original court documents trial public january prominent people spoke behalf called special cabinet meeting resolve issue cabinet decided recommend president grant result rejected appeal sentence informed final appeal declined meal usual prison fare cheese bread tea half bottle wine hanged prison hours later hanging scheduled midnight end slightly delayed took place minutes june execution attended small group officials journalists canadian clergyman spiritual counselor prison words long live germany long live argentina long live austria countries connected forget greet wife family friends ready meet soon fate men die believing god hours body cremated ashes scattered mediterranean_sea outside israeli territorial waters patrol boat impact trial surrounding media coverage sparked renewed interest wartime events resulting increase publication memoirs scholarly works helped raise public awareness holocaust trial received widespread coverage press west_germany schools added material studying issues curriculum israel testimony witnesses trial led deeper understanding impact holocaust survivors especially younger citizens suffered state sponsored oppression political theorist jew fled germany hitler rise power reported trial new_yorker jerusalem calls embodiment evil appeared ordinary normal personality displaying guilt hatred book justice vengeance said world understands concept desk murderer know doesn need mentally ill murder millions loyal follower eager duty book jerusalem based largely interviews notes exile proud wartime accomplishments remained committed nazi life intentionally built persona presentation trial youngest son says israel executing father agree father following orders argument actions notes father lack remorse caused difficult emotions family professor filming trial producer director subject television film featuring film dramatic scenes historical footage trial summary career number number primary positions service der reserve november links related trial trial adolf record proceedings trial youtube million online site marking 50th anniversary trial trial years selected documents prosecutor interview conversation justice bach senior prosecutor adolf trial professor adolf israel portraits nazi war criminal
Adolf Eichmann