december january german chess player mathematician philosopher years prime dominant champions generally regarded strongest players contemporaries psychological approach game deliberately played inferior moves confuse opponents recent analysis indicates ahead time flexible approach contemporaries knew contemporary analyses openings disagreed published chess magazines chess books later players commentators found difficult draw lessons methods contributions development games class contract bridge player wrote bridge games including invention books games presented problem considered notable mathematical analysis card games research mathematician known contributions included proving primary ideals rings hand philosophical works drama authored received little attention life career early years born december poland son jewish age sent berlin study mathematics lived brother years senior taught play chess according website world players early 1890s supplement income played chess card games small stakes especially café shot chess rankings won café annual winter tournament second division tournament sixth congress held winning earned title master candidates divided groups group competed final won section points nearest rival scores reset final rounds trailed leader amateur points won final games lost penultimate round moves position reconstructed incorrectly following drew round players tied won playoff garnered master title enabled play master level tournaments launched chess career finished second international tournament amsterdam ahead known masters including assessed second strongest player world time finished shared prize brother tournament berlin spring won tournaments london second stronger losing game won thirteen games times chess history player achieved perfect score significant tournament record matches equally impressive berlin drew short play match brother won matches class opponents ranked 9th best player world time ranked 11th years old ranked 29th ranked 18th losing game aged 9th world 22nd 29th world strongest player beginning recorded career founded chess magazines published august july second quarter gap weeks issues allegedly problems printer shortly issue traveled usa spent years challenged won consecutive strong international tournaments manchester dresden match declined stating prove attempting win major international events chess competition matches rebuffed challenged reigning match title initially wanted play match agreed stakes agreed series reductions found difficult raise money final figure earlier matches final combined stake worth values publicly praised act desperately needed money match played venues new_york philadelphia montreal previously declared win doubt came shock won game responded winning second maintained balance sixth won games seventh eleventh asked week rest match resumed looked better shape won 13th 14th games struck 15th 16th compensate losses middle match won convincingly wins losses draws second formally recognized confirmed title beating convincingly match wins losses draws tournament successes influential players journalists match took place difficulty getting backing caused hostile pre match comments long bitter enemy complaints played members rejected challenge publicly telling win international tournament match commentators notably said won mainly old answered criticisms creating impressive playing record world war broke setbacks place hastings suffering effects fever tie second cambridge springs tie memorial won prizes strong tournaments london paris overcame deficit finish ahead rising stars later world champions decades chess writers reported russia conferred title chess finalists marshall chess historian questioned stating earliest known sources supporting story published matches marshall match record impressive match won normal matches convincing defenses title faced marshall despite aggressive style marshall win single game losing drawing seven final score played world chess championship munich firmly believed game chess governed precise set principles strength chess logic efficiency principles considered player won games thanks dubious tricks mocked arrogance opinion opening ceremony refused talk saying words check mate gave brilliant answer winning games playing type chess understand example second game moves arose situation left bad bishop doubled point appeared winning moves later forced resign eventually won wins draws losses claimed wet weather cause defeat matches drew short match wins losses attacking polish months later played longer match paris chess historians debate understanding style chose defend attacks soon left vulnerable easily won match seven wins draws loss victory convincing asked revenge match accepted played world chess championship match berlin november december crushed opponent winning wins draws losses understand moves losses declared plays look thinks afraid good match match matches arranged january february modest gentleman generally unlikely win major chess tournaments peaceful lack willingness accept draw offers opponents games finished draw conditions match debated chess historians accepted play unfavourable conditions notably need finish points ahead declared winner match need win revenge match declared match originally meant consist games obvious insufficient funds demanded fee marks game played number games reduced making margin points difficult beginning tried attack difficulty defending games finished draws fifth game big advantage committed cost game middle match point ahead games drawn despite fierce play players sixth managed draw game seventh nearly lost beautiful exchange sacrifice ninth allowed draw lost ending score game tenth game tried win took big advantage missed clear win 35th continued increasing risks finished losing match draw remained abandoned challenges received challenge world title match rising star unwilling play traditional win games type match semi tropical conditions havana especially drawn games frequent match months counter proposal player lead games end match considered draw match limited best thirty games counting draws player won games led games thirty games completed declared winner champion decide venue stakes exclusive right publish games challenger deposit equivalent values time limit moves hour play limited sessions hours day days week objected time limit short playing times thirty game limit especially requirement win games claim title regarded unfair took offence terms criticized game lead condition broke negotiations speaking terms tournament proposed set rules conduct world championship matches accepted leading players including late entered negotiations world title match tournament record previous years par little ahead players agreed play match raise funds rich friends match played situation demonstrated flaws inherent championship system start world war summer end hopes play world championship near future world war played chess events convincingly won non title match september october shortly armistice won player tournament half point ahead academic activities despite superb playing results chess interest parents recognized intellectual talents especially mathematics sent adolescent study berlin found talent chess gained high school graduation certificate der polish town named prussia studied mathematics philosophy universities berlin doctoral advisors published mathematical articles nature advice registered doctoral studies presented doctoral thesis der series convergence boundaries year published awarded doctorate mathematics significant mathematical article published developed form regarded fundamental importance modern geometry held short term positions mathematics lecturer new_orleans manchester parents current unable secure longer term position pursued scholarly interests independently published booklet titled struggle attempted create general theory competitive activities including chess business war produced books generally categorized philosophy der world sic philosophy activities published book common sense chess based lectures given london played game match sponsored wealthy lawyer industrialist order test rice narrowly lost match years later secretary founded rice order promote rice quoted approval rice views convergence chess military strategy november founded ran short time interested strategy game soon returned chess introduced game namesake wrote successful book age july married née rich widow year older grandmother lived berlin wrote popular stories pseudonym world war invested savings german war bonds germany lost war lost money war wrote book claimed civilization danger germany lost war match january signed agreement play match noting free play delay insisted final clause allowed play championship contract lost title match stipulated resigned title previously included agreement world war play title similar clause resigned title report american chess bulletin july august issue said resigned world title favor conditions match unpopular chess world american chess bulletin speculated conditions sufficiently unpopular warrant resignation title real concern financial backing justify months match resigned title favor unaware enthusiasts havana raised fund match provided played learned resignation went netherlands living time inform havana finance match august agreed play havana insisted challenger champion signed agreement accepted point soon published letter confirming stated beat resign title younger masters compete match played march april draws fifth game saw black equal ending solid style allowed easily draw games taking risks tenth game white played position isolated queen failed create necessary activity reached superior ending duly won eleventh fourteenth games won resigned match attributed mysteriously poor form hand thought played match fascinating fight game explained years younger slightly stronger player recent competitive practice end life time nearly years old played match match short exhibition lost winning new_york chess tournament points ahead finishing second moscow points point ahead effectively retired chess moscow chess tournament received telegram informing drama written brother die history mankind accepted performance theatre berlin distracted news lost badly day play success wrote wrote english wrote books games mental skill encyclopedia games das means sensible card play english translation year posed problem mathematical analysis card games der board games nations includes pages section game invented special correspondent dutch german newspapers reporting bridge match registered teacher system expert bridge player representing germany international events early 1930s wrote game bridge october brother died spring adolf_hitler started campaign discrimination intimidation jews property citizenship wife martha jewish forced leave germany year short stay england invited live ussr justice responsible moscow trials capacity sports minister enthusiastic supporter chess ussr renounced german citizenship received soviet citizenship took permanent residence moscow given post moscow post trainer ussr national team returned competitive chess money finishing fifth moscow undefeated point ahead soviet masters sixth moscow seventh equal nottingham performance moscow age hailed biological miracle started time arrived ussr august martha decided leave soviet_union moved netherlands united_states chicago new_york october following year patron tried support giving chess bridge lectures exhibitions old competition published book community future proposed solutions political problems including anti unemployment died kidney infection new_york january age charity patient mount hospital buried cemetery queens new_york survived wife martha sister assessment playing strength style considered psychological method play considered qualities opponent addition objective requirements position board published lengthy analysis play concluded deliberately played inferior moves knew opponent uncomfortable commented easy matter reply correctly bad moves denied claim deliberately played bad moves modern writers agree according international master features play mysterious contemporaries appear regularly modern play spike attack dragon sacrifices gain advantage playing practical trying find best game disadvantage world champion said realized different types advantage tactical edge converted strategic advantage vice versa contemporaries theories codified opined real reason success exceptional defensive technique defensive chess demonstrated examples games passive defence active defence famous win needed order retain chance catching offered evidence psychological approach describes choice opening psychologically potent analysis use variation career concludes excellent results white class opponents win situations writes choice presented opponent dilemma point lead wanted play safe structure gives white advantage black use bishop pair aggressively middle game opinion play game demonstrated deep understanding psychology fine paid little attention openings thought knew openings disagreed lot contemporary opening analysis fact world title match studied openings thoroughly especially favorite lines opinion player surpassed ability assess position quickly accurately terms better prospects winning strategy adopt wrote played definite style defender efficient finisher attacks high level great player instead epic tactical skills solely mating schemes attack importantly defense way universal player odd times like great players play type position classic course game small concession opponent exchange minor pieces play game manoeuvre necessarily stand better position balanced opponent maintain balance pressing playing famed defence equally brutal treatment opponents played followed principles demonstrated completely different chess romantic mentality thanks players gradually common stand created new school chess thought talents far harder masses grasp school addition enormous chess skill said excellent competitive temperament rival said occasionally loses game loses head enjoyed need adapt varying styles shifting fortunes tournaments strong matches stronger tournaments years finished ahead younger new_york moscow moscow years match finish ahead magazine published article future world champion bobby fischer listed greatest players history fischer include list coffee house player knew openings didn understand chess poll world leading players taken time fischer list appeared said greatest player stated fischer later said great player statistical ranking systems place high greatest players time book warriors mind places sixth fischer book rating past present gave retrospective ratings players based performance best year span career concluded joint second strongest player surveyed tied date system sensitive length periods compared ranks fifth second strongest time peak periods ranging length years author concluded surpassed long term dominance game number player different months total years rank june december span years considers strongest year old history december age years months rating number world second place rating age number world march influence chess founded school players played similar style world champion prolific writer chess lifetime score said possible learn stand wonder pragmatic approach great influence soviet players like chess openings including defense queen defense evans effectively ended use tournament play revival 1990s french defense famous games amsterdam sacrificed bishops maneuver later repeated number games similar sacrifices played cecil valentine major events probably seen shocked poverty died intend die similar circumstances notorious demanding high fees playing matches tournaments argued players copyright games let publishers profits demands initially angered editors players helped way rise time chess professionals earn living playing writing teaching copyright chess games contentious far vigorously asserted players copyright wrote copyright clauses match contracts demands raise large prevented delayed awaited world championship matches example challenged match world championship raise stakes demanded problem continued reign successor controversial conditions insisted championship matches led attempt twice publish rules matches players readily agreed work fields mathematician article introduced theory primary ideals influence theory rings rings having primary property called rings honor attempt create general theory competitive activities followed consistent efforts von game theory later writings card games presented significant issue mathematical analysis card games dramatic philosophical works highly regarded friends relatives good friend wrote introduction posthumous biography life chess master preface express satisfaction having met writing undoubtedly interesting people came know later years penned story life succeeding generations men warm interest great human problems time kept personality uniquely independent sister law born prussia german american chess master engineer author claimed related played great new_york chess tournament publications chess london chess common sense chess abstract lectures delivered london audience play chess elementary text book new easy comprehensive method famous chess circles philosophical tone content des english version published chess games encyclopedia games das sensible card play english translation published year der includes sections game bridge mathematics august relations plane spaces nature october certain class space nature retrieved der series convergence boundaries philosophical transactions thesis der und math ann philosophy struggle der world die des sic philosophy die history mankind play written brother community future popular culture fiction alternate history mystery novel murdered man born 1960s chess uses alias reference clearly understood protagonist studied chess quotations lies survive long creative combination lays bare lie fact culminating education chess education independent thinking judgement chess simply important memory valuable stocked pit players perfect technique avoid weaknesses left sorry caricature chess find good look better attributed actually dates earlier easy matter reply correctly bad moves chess hero greatest champions course notable games amsterdam earliest known game successful bishops sacrifice combination known combination sacrifice brilliant sacrifice seventeenth leads victorious attack london old champion new world championship match game attack insufficient quick win trades quickly ties marshall knots match game great game saved losing world title needed win surprisingly quiet opening allowing game early debate approach represented subtle psychology deep understanding year old beats future sacrificing queen turn defense attack tournament results following table gives scores tournaments score column gives number points total possible second score column indicates number won games number losses number draws match results results matches score column gives number points total possible second score column indicates number won games number losses number draws
Emanuel Lasker