arabic pilgrimage annual islamic pilgrimage mandatory religious duty muslims carried lifetime adult muslims physically financially capable undertaking journey support family absence pillars islam alongside largest annual gatherings people world state physically financially capable performing called muslim condition called demonstration solidarity muslim people submission god word means intend journey outward act journey inward act intentions pilgrimage occurs 8th 12th cases 13th month islamic calendar islamic calendar lunar islamic year days shorter year date changes year year given special spiritual state pilgrims wear white sheets seamless cloth certain actions associated life islamic prophet muhammad 7th century ritual pilgrimage considered muslims stretch thousands years time pilgrims join hundreds thousands people simultaneously converge week perform series rituals person walks counter clockwise seven times cube shaped building direction prayer muslims runs forth hills drinks goes plains stand spends night plain performs symbolic devil throwing stones pillars pilgrims heads perform ritual animal sacrifice celebrate day global festival pilgrims perform rituals times year called lesser pilgrimage choose perform perform point lifetime means history present pattern established muhammad according elements trace time bce according islamic tradition ordered god leave wife son desert ancient search water desperately ran seven times hills found returning despair saw baby ground leg water fountain sprang forth underneath foot later commanded build help invite people perform pilgrimage refers incidents verses said brought black stone heaven attached pre islamic time known surrounded pagan idols muhammad led followers destroying pagan idols building muhammad performed pilgrimage large number followers instructed rites point pillars islam medieval times pilgrims gather big cities syria egypt iraq groups comprising tens thousands pilgrims state patronage particularly advent successor ottoman_empire escorted military force accompanied physicians command order protect natural hazards ensure pilgrims supplied necessary provisions muslim travelers like recorded detailed accounts travels medieval time followed established routes called arabic lit pilgrimage road usually followed ancient routes timing date determined islamic calendar known calendar based lunar year year events place day period starting ending twelfth month islamic calendar days 9th known day day called day islamic calendar lunar islamic year days shorter year date changes year year year calendar pilgrimage starts days days earlier preceding year makes possible season fall twice year years time phenomenon occurred table shows dates recent years dates correspond calendar approximate date pilgrimage september rites literature describes detail manners carrying rites pilgrims generally follow expert guides successfully fulfill requirements performing rites pilgrims follow model muhammad commemorate events associated pilgrims reach appropriate depending coming enter state known consists wearing white seamless male wrapped waist reaching knee left shoulder tied right wearing ordinary dress female islamic condition public dress hands face uncovered taking declaring intention perform pilgrimage certain activities nails body having sexual relations damaging plants killing animals covering head men face hands women getting married carrying weapons meant equality pilgrims god difference rich poor ritual involves walking seven times arriving pilgrims perform arrival welcome pilgrims include area north inside path circuit starts kissing touching black stone kissing stone possible crowds simply point stone hand circuit eating permitted drinking water allowed risk men encouraged perform circuits pace known following pace completion followed prayers place site near inside mosque large crowds days instead pray mosque prayer pilgrims drink water available mosque circuits traditionally ground level performed floor roof mosque large crowds followed running walking seven times hills located near previously open air place entirely enclosed mosque accessed air tunnels pilgrims advised walk circuit green pillars mark short section path run internal express lane disabled male pilgrims heads women generally clip portion hair completes day 8th 8th pilgrims reminded duties don confirm intention pilgrimage start morning prayer 8th pilgrims proceed spend day offer noon afternoon evening night prayers morning morning prayer leave second day 9th 9th noon pilgrims arrive barren plain land kilometers east stand offer past sins seek mercy god listen sermon islamic scholars deliver near mount mercy muhammad said delivered sermon lasting noon sunset known standing god significant rites pilgrims offer noon afternoon prayers noon time considered invalid spend afternoon pilgrims leave sunset praying evening prayer area reaching pilgrims perform prayer jointly spend night praying sleeping ground open sky gather day ritual devil day 10th returning pilgrims spend night pilgrims perform symbolic devil throwing seven stones largest pillars known sunrise sunset remaining pillars day pillars said represent pilgrims climb ramps multi throw safety reasons pillars replaced long walls catch basins collect animal sacrifice casting stones animals slaughtered commemorate story traditionally pilgrims slaughtered animal oversaw today pilgrims buy sacrifice greater begins allows animal slaughtered 10th physically present modern complete processing meat sent charity poor people world time sacrifices occur muslims worldwide perform similar sacrifices day global festival called hair removal sacrificing animal important rite head hair known male pilgrims head trim hair day women pilgrims cut tips hair following day pilgrims visit mosque known essential hurry respond god love night 10th spent fourth day 11th starting noon sunset following day pilgrims throw seven pillars commonly known devil fifth day 12th process pillars takes place pilgrims leave sunset 12th day 13th unable leave 12th sunset opt stay free perform ritual 13th returning finally leaving pilgrims perform farewell called means bid farewell pilgrims circle seven times counter clockwise attempt touch kiss journey pilgrims choose travel city mosque prophet contains muhammad tomb mosque usually visited arrangement facilities making necessary arrangements year growing number pilgrims poses challenge government saudi_arabia 1950s spent billion increase pilgrimage facilities major issues like housing transportation health care addressed improved greatly government introducing development programs result pilgrims enjoy modern facilities perform rites ease government sets countries pilgrims number level arranges huge security forces cameras maintain overall safety institutions government programs offered india based malaysia assist pilgrims covering costs journey special information set pakistani airports assist pilgrims transportation pilgrims generally travel groups early 19th century numbers undertaking traditional overland pilgrimage began diminish pilgrims began arriving steamship continued time air travel came egypt introduced airline service pilgrims today travel agents offer packages arrange transportation accommodation pilgrims king international airport prince airport dedicated assist arrival pilgrims international airports world international airport dedicated temporary facilities service pilgrims depart return home run extra flights accommodate large number pilgrims modern crowd control problems numbers greatly increased recent years led numerous accidents deaths major accident modern times occurred tunnel led death people crowd control techniques adopted ensure safety large crowds rituals symbolic example longer necessary kiss black stone instead pilgrims simply point circuit large pillars throwing changed long walls basins catch stones example animal sacrifice appropriate authority appointed pilgrims present crowd control techniques incidents pilgrims ramps collapse weight visitors resulted deaths injuries according authorities report associated_press totalled fatalities official reports countries making deadly episode date concerns raised spread mass gatherings health minister said authorities detected cases pilgrims far said despite cases saudi_arabia ready pilgrimage significance muslims associated religious social significance apart religious duty seen spiritual merit provides muslims opportunity self renewal serves reminder day judgment muslims believe people stand god literature muhammad merits successful completion successful pilgrimage pilgrims prefix names title held respect muslim society islamic scholars suggest muslim religious commitment measurement social status brings muslims different parts world race colour culture acts symbol equality study impact participating islamic pilgrimage found muslim communities positive tolerant experience titled estimating impact religion tolerance islam conducted conjunction harvard_university study noted increases belief equality harmony ethnic groups islamic leads favorable attitudes women including greater acceptance female education employment increased belief peace equality harmony adherents different religions american civil rights activist describes atmosphere experienced 1960s follows tens thousands pilgrims world colors blue eyed black skinned participating ritual displaying spirit unity brotherhood experiences america led believe exist white non white america needs understand islam religion society race problem shocked words coming pilgrimage seen experienced forced thought patterns previously held number pilgrims year substantial increase number pilgrims years number foreign pilgrims increased approximately percent development expansion work authority restricted number pilgrims following number pilgrims arrived saudi_arabia year perform gallery
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