series low floor articulated operated oslo series built italy delivered capacity axle section vehicles passengers seated derives ordered original plans called delivery delivery took years magnitude technical flaws including high noise levels freezing winter metres long metres wide metres tall aluminum vehicles weigh tonnes long tons short tons power output kilowatts operate services lines heavy weight large turning radius unsuitable lines directional fleet needed lines cost nok million awarded delays technical faults background early 1990s need new operate network articulated delivered company series non articulated trailers built largest series rebuilt trailers addition bought oslo considered possibilities new including ordering additional purchasing trailers purchasing new low floor purchasing purchasing class trondheim rebuild additional section purchasing articulated abroad purchasing material rebuilding quickly rejected non articulated tested oslo january oslo previously bought new custom order company instead wanted purchase pre designed company long time considered purchasing needing new rolling stock light rail systems stockholm sweden existing tested oslo tested stockholm axle articulated germany low floor company disliked lack air suspension door construction doors went built tested low floor metres wide outward opening doors width unsuitable stopping new stops oslo stated nice features experimental liking final tested vehicle class axle vehicle adapted oslo system built german light rail standards high platforms metres curve radius operated line loop following tests oslo delegation sent look compatible systems outside oslo returned company went negotiations manufacturers oslo signed contract delivery units options additional units units cost nok million nok million vehicle option rights later exercised total order increased allowed replace articulated maximum age fleet years oslo planned debt finance purchase decided leased labor dispute operation oslo metro ownership metro trains including transferred owned limited company construction delivery january installed tested trailer february mock driver cab italy sent oslo try layout april oslo decided order additional options realized lack funding time decided retired remain service delivery delivery date vehicle set plans scheduled service june mock scrapped february completed october representatives company operate time plant delay caused roof having blown plant nok million granted incident arrived oslo january parts connected tried end month entire network prior delivery delivery frequency set weeks periods april june voltage sections raised included trials ensure operate current scheduled traffic service newly extended line extended kilometres serve new national hospital unlike lines terminus turning loop operate oslo fleet delays delivery caused line terminate turning loop schedule service june delivered oslo june able use desired lines upgrade infrastructure places need vertical curve radius metres requiring upgrades curves need fixed bridge exceed bridge permitted load minimum permitted horizontal curve radius metres making impossible operate intersection gate radius metres means operate line operated restrictions passing issued shorter sections including curve sections quickly rebuilt deliveries delayed june taken service weeks modify october thirteen taken service radial run problem large got new radial run day fixed january line february line short platforms operation proved major difficulties march threatening terminate purchase agreement manufacturer merged fixed problems included noise loud service january february cold spell batteries operate agreed replace motors satisfy criteria contract june delivered met contract criteria testing manufacturer time tests oslo taken service gradually upgraded february equipped new motors new agreement motors replaced december satisfied months trials day service november delivered oslo able operate entire network articulated service long term repairs july computer error caused able run open doors emergency system caused computer indicating running kilometres hour mph stood later altered incidents final delivered service january time discovered inside oslo introduced program upgrade including removing inside joints prior upgrades required entire hooked upgrades planned completed problems air supply freezing cold spells making impossible mirrors changing direction terminating secondary suspension requires operated walking speed passengers specifications axle articulated built exclusively oslo italy sections section center section body aluminum sections floor roof ease replacement sections meters long meters wide meters tall axle distance meters distance centers meters center end meters center weighs tonnes long tons short tons tonnes long tons short tons phase motors steel wheels millimeter diameter new millimeter fully worn rubber suspended air suspended chassis motors type built motors total power output kilowatts allows maximum speed kilometres hour mph acceleration meters second squared vehicle reversed speed automatically limited kilometres hour mph operated power output kilowatts vehicles braking systems primary dynamic brake secondary disc brake emergency rail brake braking brake energy fed overhead wires operate entire day dynamic brakes disconnected hour disconnected case disc brakes driver cab end built sell tickets cab door close riders access rear cab doors sides door single doors double addition door door section operate doors left engage security switch possible open individual door right driver cab half length low floor entry height millimetres including doors seats high floor section giving total capacity riders operation system older ones operate served lines line continuation line operate line small curve radius line operate lines run lines service minute giving minute interval section served lines involved accident sent company filed bankruptcy october repaired returned oslo commissioner environmental affairs transport progress party stated considered replacement time older problems units included excessive noise excessive time order cracks increased wear infrastructure weighed temporarily grounded april discovered damaged joints articulated sections equipped automatic train protection system allow run concurrently metro trains announced september preparing tender receive bids new replace units addition seventy new units initiated plans upgrade combined nok billion stated replacement size weigh tonnes long tons short tons giving wear tracks floor height centimeters replacements start completed
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