internal security act singapore internal security act singapore cap statute grants executive power enforce detention prevent suppress organized violence persons property things incidental internal security singapore present act originally enacted internal security act extended singapore september singapore state person detained minister home affairs president satisfied detention necessary purposes national security public order landmark case minister home affairs court appeal sought impose legal limits power detention requiring government objective facts justified president satisfaction months decision series legislative constitutional amendments enacted effectively reversed decision amendments subsequently confirmed valid high_court court appeal lung minister held sufficient president satisfied threat national security order detention order issued notable cases include led arrest left wing politicians trade including members socialist opposition party alleged communist detained subject restrictions liberty cases resulted security operation called roman catholic church social activists professionals accused members conspiracy detained authorities prohibit political quasi military organizations ban subversive documents publications shut exhibitions likely detrimental national interest suppress organized violence declaring parts singapore security areas history developments british colonial malaya introduced emergency regulations ordinance july emergency response communist uprising guerrilla war regulations allowed police arrest anybody suspected having acted likely act way threaten security evidence warrant hold investigation indefinitely charged crime tried court law successor emergency regulations ordinance ordinance introduced result bus riots labour_party government singapore strong opposition party opposition accused government political dissent years malaya independence emergency declared passed place powers parliamentary debates act prime minister stated applied remaining communist insurgents insurgents eventually surrendered nonetheless retained malaysia british lawyer author professor commented imagine time come power detention carefully deliberately article constitution political opponents welfare workers dedicated peaceful activities nonetheless commented supported review law scrapped got multi racial society malaysia emotions run high quickly singapore joined extended singapore act retained singapore separation malaysia current version act known chapter revised edition september debate retained opened malaysia announced considering prime minister stated act abolished replaced new laws safeguard peace order legitimacy relevance subsequently debated member parliament group representation constituency commented parliament august felt inappropriate citizen trial convinced hard logic safety security singapore paramount agreed needed prevent abuse needs discussed transparent manner facts associated given need kept secret following day october deputy prime minister coordinating minister minister home affairs explained relevance powers detention noted 1960s detention primarily counter subversive communist threat posed hiding legal organizations past decades detention helped safeguard singapore national security threats posed espionage terrorism detention allows comprehensive assessment threat opposed criminal case tried court requires court consider specific acts relate charge committed overt deeds warrant prosecution allows pre action taken threats actual harm addition minister said detention trial situations open court certain intelligence intelligence obtained foreign security agencies understanding source details disclosed open court disclosure confidential intelligence compromise ongoing future operations revelation existing sources methods intelligence gathering confidential information withheld court criminal case weakened requirements result guilty accused finally court proceedings stall investigations broader network situations communal involved opposition political parties singapore called abolished manifesto general election said specific anti terrorism anti espionage laws allow arrests detention trial strict conditions enacted replace took similar stance february legislative authority enactment legislative authority enactment article constitution singapore appears special powers emergency powers entitled legislation article states act action taken threatened substantial body persons inside outside singapore cause cause substantial number citizens fear organised violence persons property president government promote feelings ill hostility different races classes population likely cause violence alteration means law established security singapore provision law designed stop prevent action amendment law provision law enacted clause valid notwithstanding inconsistent article apart article outside legislative power parliament law containing mentioned clause shall sooner repealed cease effect resolution passed parliament law prejudice previously virtue thereof power parliament new law article respect proceedings instituted 27th january question arises court validity decision act power conferred president minister law referred article question shall determined accordance provisions law enacted parliament purpose article shall law enacted clause satisfy requirements article malaysian retained singapore contains following action taken substantial body persons cause substantial number citizens fear organised violence persons property action taken threatened substantial body persons security malaya parliament considers necessary stop prevent action article constitution enacted yang advice consent parliament assembled authority follows provisions relating internal security substantive act contains provisions relating internal security divided chapters organisations associations political quasi military character uniforms etc powers detention iii special powers relating subversive publications etc control exhibitions powers prevention miscellaneous prohibition political quasi military organizations chapter minister home affairs action political quasi military organizations associations criminal offence member association persons organized trained equipped enable employed functions police purpose enabling employed use display physical force promoting political object manner reasonable organised trained equipped purpose crime promote promote participate control management association organize train member association minister empowered prohibit uniform dress worn public members adherents political quasi military association involved activities mentioned previous uniform dress indicating association political organization promotion political object wearing uniform dress minister order offence addition minister considers national interest prohibit manufacture sale use wearing display possession flag banner badge emblem device uniform distinctive dress thereof currently emblem device prohibited form pointed red star hammer circumstances raise reasonable emblem device intended likely manner interests singapore promote foster purpose incompatible peace welfare good order singapore crime person present attend meeting assembly organized participants train drill trained use arms purpose practising military exercises movements crime train drill people manners control management association members trained prohibition apply members police legally constituted volunteer local force visiting force present country organization association minister detention chapter allows detention known detention trial conspicuous feature act executive power arrest trial necessary person view prevent person acting manner security singapore thereof maintenance public order essential services purposes provision essential services means services relating water electricity public health fire prisons post including broadcasting television ports docks public transport bulk distribution fuel instead person purposes mentioned executive impose restrictions person liberty requiring reporting movements prohibiting person speaking public meetings taking political activities travelling singapore country procedure detention person detained president satisfied detention necessary purposes national security public order valid exercise minister home affairs power order detention detention order supplemented section police arrest person pending warrant section initial detention individual detained administrative processes executive required follow sections act informed grounds detention soon possible disclosure national interest served copy detention order grounds allegations fact detention order informed days right representations order advisory board required hear consider representations advisory board chaired supreme_court judge appointed president members appointed president consultation chief justice board powers court summon examine witnesses order documents produced evidence recommendations president concerning matter months date detention advisory board recommends release minister decision president exercises personal discretion released exercising discretion president required consult non citizens detained right representations advisory board months date detention order written representations minister minister bound refer representations advisory board decision representations minister final called question court burden proving person citizen lies person claiming minister decision matter final extension suspension detention initial order minister home affairs direct individual detained years extended directions issued president periods years time minister empowered discretion suspend detention order authority suspension time detention order detention orders reviewed months advisory board makes recommendation minister advisory board recommends release minister president exercise personal discretion order release requirement regular reviews detention orders apply citizens detention order extended minister required provide grounds extension order opportunity appeal extension scope judicial review orders administrative law judicial review exercise high court executive decisions orders ensure conform law decisions orders authorized statute administrative law principles court similarly exercise power executive body constitution court duty declare invalid regards powers trial scope judicial review subject succession changes changes revolved issue discretion president home affairs minister assessed period scope judicial review expanded common law developments subsequently curtailed legislative constitutional amendments minister home affairs prior singapore case minister authority application discretion test judicial review executive power exercised test court facts grounds relied executive body exercising discretion based literal interpretation words president satisfied appear section required satisfaction president reasoning applies similarly section requires minister satisfaction suspension detention orders minister home affairs case minister home affairs court appeal expanded scope judicial review adopting objective test reviewing exercise executive discretion contrast test objective test permits court examine decision maker satisfaction based objective facts fell scope purposes specified satisfaction mere executive body insufficient adoption objective test case ratio case based narrower technical grounds test rejected reasons held applying test sections render provisions unconstitutional word law article constitution held encompass fundamental rules natural justice parliament pass legislation executive exercise power breach fundamental rules exercise power arbitrary manner test adopted effect allow executive exercise arbitrary powers detention rendering sections inconsistent article case decided article constitution protects validity anti laws notwithstanding inconsistencies specified fundamental liberties cover inconsistencies article court noted adopting objective test consistent article constitution judicial power courts directly address argument counsel test arbitrary powers detention inconsistent article court rejected test basis notion discretion contrary rule law rule law requires courts examine exercise power ensure executive power exercised legal limits held legal commonwealth jurisdictions supported rejection test favour objective test test applied anderson subsequently affirmed secretary state home affairs decisions departed subsequent decisions house_of_lords courts rejected test applied majority preferring objective test applied lord judgment light developments malaysian case minister home affairs malaysia applied test respondents counsel relied support test longer considered good law additionally decided appeal malaysia referred court support objective test case concerned exercise power derived sections concern matters national security court held concern objective review executive discretion following case minister decided courts determine decision fact based grounds national security similarly court determine matters relied exercising powers fall scope purposes specified sections amendments minister home affairs parliament subsequently passed constitution republic singapore amendment act act took effect january respectively section amended provides law pertaining judicial review decisions president minister restored legal position applicable singapore july date decided lung minister home affairs held amendments reinstated legal position set applicable law governing judicial review singapore prompting return test reviewing exercise executive discretion possible inconsistencies test respect constitution sought resolved passing constitution republic singapore amendment act article amended shield anti laws enacted provision articles addition present article amendment furthermore new article provided article provisions enacted article ruling test inconsistent constitution reversed test restored valid relevant law singapore act introduced section clause providing judicial review orders shall available save relation questions relating procedural requirements court appeal held necessary decide test judicial review case position remains confirmed courts addition court decided unnecessary consider effect section issues related national security amendments parliament introduced section act applied proceedings instituted january article constitution states person shall punished act omission law person shall suffer greater punishment offence prescribed law time committed amendments introduce criminal offences legislature saw fit amend article reference article possible arguments section article minister said parliament reference article necessary ensure retrospective application bill challenged test judicial review matters relating remains objective test minister high_court held validity detention criminal law temporary provisions act dependent minister satisfaction minister satisfied person associated criminal activities academic views situations current law singapore holds home affairs minister decision uncertainty exceptional situations courts step practice judicial review deals national security matters possible exception minister decision bad faith decisions involve clear abuse power detained solely having red hair failing professional examination having acted lawyer government law issue presently unclear high_court said issue relation similar stance taken malaysia said need decide judicial review situations case factual situation arises furthermore increasing number malaysian cases reflecting gradual recognition indicate retreat purely approach response rule academics offered suggestions definition courts actually narrow sense bad faith kelly lord justice asserted bad faith involves grave charge contrasts meaning includes situations allegation bad faith narrow sense permit review courts freezing common law amendments constitution academic discourse effect section future development common law amendments merely caused time warp common law taking act seeking replace common law judicial review uncertainty courts continue develop common law away legal position laid asserted common law continue change parliament power turn clock parliament powerless stop clock running soon clock placed hands judiciary hands race forward stance wide implications high_court court appeal bound rule situations involving completely adopt legal position stated justification parliament intended render judiciary law impossible issue laws detailed shape vast complexity human affairs hand rule sufficiently precise definite meet particular case validity clause issue undergone academic scrutiny nature section clause clause provision drafted exclude jurisdiction courts lung declined address section particular section interpreted described judiciary reluctance address points elegant piece judicial chose evade problem lecture law students chief justice commented general clauses inconsistent article constitution judicial power singapore supreme_court expressed concluded opinion matter unlikely article relied section parliament specifically enacted article protect amendments article opined error law involved judicial review available despite presence clause clause judicial review non errors law distinction non errors law exists section judicial review non errors law errors notably difference english singapore law regards issue lord president page lord commented case effect rendering distinction non errors law obsolete limited effect clauses united_kingdom errors law considered singapore courts adopted legal position cases indicating distinction non errors law exists basic features doctrine basic features doctrine developed rests notion certain elements nation constitutional structure amended parliament high court case minister home affairs argued amendments constitution violated basic features constitution principle separation powers judicial power rule law court rejected application basic features doctrine owing differences making singapore constitution indian constitution fact provided limitations placed parliament power amendment court held case violation constitution basic features facts case appeal determined case grounds found unnecessary decide basic features doctrine applies singapore role judiciary national security matters competing views appropriate role judiciary matters concerning detention related concern judicial process suitable matters legislative constitutional amendments relating judicial review intended limit role courts national security matters law minister argued parliament amendments needed courts effectively responsible national security matters judicial review permitted test deemed necessary reserve executive responsibility national security matters enable government deal effectively security threats contends based objective test set fear courts responsibility national security matters courts review actions taken executive national security purposes merely determine situation fact involves national security issues reflected holding required preserve national security matter solely executive judgment reason forward justify limited role judiciary judicial process unsuitable deciding detention issues persons potential threats national security act collection evidence secure conviction court trial nature detention measure involves making decisions limited information prevent threats national security said court ill equipped determine suspicious circumstances justify pre action agrees view argues applies courts review exercise executive power distinguishes objective test applied situation mentioned court interested national security issue involved opined measures taken limit judicial checks executive power demonstrate preference non legal institutional checks example non legal institutional check requirement constitution advisory board hear representations recommend president detention order terminated argues checks weak replace judicial review contends article constitution permits enactment laws constitutional liberties meaningful restraints placed wide powers similarly rejected view executive parliament sufficient safeguard arbitrary exercise power argues adopting test limiting judicial review procedures stated argument based premise courts consider notions substantive democracy performing judicial role argues considered sufficient protection judicial review constitutional legislative amendments suggests article provides restrictions detention read favour bearing mind exclusion fundamental liberties article view judicial review rejected accord spirit article constitution ensures conversely argued judicial review inappropriate safeguard preventing abuse detention powers situation government power argued judicial government pack courts appoint judges rule favour regarded best safeguard voters elect honest men government criticisms detention state noted political opponents years political opposition criticism remained restricted government authority define powers broadly past occasional government references speech considered bounds understood implicit threats regularly raised need prevent national security threats justification detention suggestions criminal law dealing matter crimes liability conspiracy unlawful assembly code apply harm furthermore restrictions imposed societies act offences act viable alternatives detention detention preferred open court trials suggested criminal trial platform views honour accused persons suggested open trial details terrorism destruction causes educate public potentially unite communities country framework theoretically accorded process instance right representations detention advisory board article constitution prevents government authority information opinion national interest means authorities disclose information proper representation advisory board process secrecy advisory board hearings criticized lead public questioning legitimacy hearings impression justice limited form judicial review available person remains detention depends largely raises question guards guardians detention applied manner democratic opposition absence judicial review exposure abuse submitted voice public opinion suited purpose instances application according sunday_times october people including trade union leaders detained suspected communist february joint malaysian anti communist operation led arrest people april detained singapore remaining released october leader leftist political party detained subsequently held years forms house arrest civil rights restrictions including confinement island restrictions finally lifted november date referred world second longest serving prisoner conscience south_africa reported people allegedly involved communist plot arrested playwright theatre director secretary wife detained years seven months citizenship revoked following release placed residence travel restrictions citizenship reinstated security operation known roman catholic church social activists professionals detained accused members dangerous conspiracy bent government force replacing state led cases people arrested espionage activities arrested male permanent resident deep cover operative foreign intelligence service person female collaborator people arrested agents foreign intelligence agency recruited fourth person collect intelligence local community organization subsequently released mainly inspired terrorists singapore december year members militant group arrested involvement singapore attack plot member detained january later released september members arrested detained august february alleged head indonesia detained escaped custody february malaysian authorities april transferred singapore detention september november april members detained restriction order issued addition lawyer lecturer reading propaganda internet detained february preparing engage militant activities afghanistan released february september detained following month planning resume terrorism foreign military operations abroad including leaving singapore illegally necessary time national muhammad detained april described media self having deeply influenced lectures accessed online time people influenced placed restriction orders january july muslim deported singapore countries detained members arrested malaysia indonesia respectively member arrested malaysia september people orders detention detention suspended people restriction orders march mentioned parliament people detained activities related terrorism september singapore media reported detained march year fifth influenced radical ideology read online entered thailand illegally armed arrested deported singapore placed year restriction order september member philippines members restriction orders lifted trained subversive documents minister responsible printing presses publications currently minister communications information authorized ban documents publications subversive undesirable instance minister prohibit absolutely printing publication sale issue circulation possession document publication contains violence law order calculated likely lead breach peace promote feelings hostility different races classes population national interest public order security singapore prohibition order extend past future issue periodical publication publications issued appear issued publishing house agency source issued prohibited publication proprietor prohibited publication lodge objection prohibition order month date order published government gazette president decision matter final shall called question court exercising discretion president required follow advice cabinet criminal offence print publish sell issue reproduce possess prohibited publication extract import possession imported prohibited publication person knows contents publication nature immediately publication comes possession defence person demonstrate publication printed published sold issued circulated reproduced case authority consent knowledge want care caution know reason suspect nature document publication publications act works russian political newspaper crime committed person posts circular document contains violence law order likely lead breach peace spreading false reports making false statements likely cause public alarm writing newspaper periodical book circular printed publication offence finally offence carry possession control subversive document document deemed subversive tendency organised violence persons property singapore support advocate act security singapore maintenance restoration public order violence law thereof order invite request demand support account collection subscription contribution donation money kind direct indirect benefit use persons intend act act acted manner security singapore maintenance public order violence counsel law thereof order document subversive document presumed contrary proved proved person carrying possession control subversive document deemed known contents document nature person defend proving unaware contents nature contents document reasonable cause believe suspect document subversive places duty person office bearer association responsible member agent organization receives subversive document deliver police officer delay failure police authorization communicating contents document publishing offence control exhibitions home affairs minister chapter order entertainment exhibition closed satisfied likely way detrimental national interest entertainment defined act game sport diversion concert amusement kind public intended access members public payment exhibition includes display goods books pictures films articles public intended access payment offence promoter person concerned promotion entertainment exhibition held continued order requiring closed proprietor premises event held defence event promoted continued authority consent knowledge want care caution alternatively ensure entertainment exhibition detrimental public interest minister impose conditions relating holding event promoter person involved promotion proprietor premises event held failure comply conditions offence person involved able responsible breach exercised care caution authorities empowered close entertainment exhibition operated breach condition kept open order minister enable minister determine entertainment exhibition banned allowed held subject conditions minister require promoter person involved promotion proprietor premises held provide information following matters persons concerned promotion entertainment exhibition interests represented persons persons agreed participate participated entertainment exhibition invited interests represented persons purposes profits entertainment exhibition intended applied matters minister direct false incomplete information offence minister prohibit event held direct closed person providing information commits crime event held manner contrary information provided powers chapter additional powers minister home affairs prevent written law power person body authority appoint people positions minister order provided list people appointment information minister direct people appointment interests singapore shall appointed recruited furthermore person permitted disclose communication received minister course official duty minister satisfied school educational institution purpose detrimental interests singapore public instruction detrimental interests public pupils meeting place unlawful society order closed period exceeding months time board managers governors affected school educational institution lodge objection order president decision matter final questioned court minister power extend places teaching purely religious character purely religious purpose person requires certificate admission institution higher education apply director education issue certificate appear reasonable grounds believing admitted institution question likely promote participate action interests security singapore thereof person hold certificate admitted institution higher learning student person refused certificate appeal home affairs minister decision matter final called question court minister pupils students teachers members class pupils students teachers members named pupil student teacher member school college educational institution students union association situated established outside singapore enter travel singapore group obtain permission police individual pupil student teacher member barred singapore intends carry country common object group belongs police grant permission travel subject conditions reason commissioner police believe person pupil student teacher member affected order order minister person obtain police permission travel singapore entered singapore place outside date entry continuously remained singapore period exceeding months iii holder valid identity card issued singapore accordance provisions written law time force relating identity cards bears address singapore intends provisions order person breached conditions imposed commissioner require person leave singapore certain time remain abroad months lesser period person custody remove singapore person remain singapore months failure comply order minister breach conditions permission travel singapore offence provisions authorize removal singapore citizen singapore resident country provisions relating security areas iii deals security areas section provision chapter iii president acting cabinet advice area singapore security area opinion public security area seriously disturbed threatened reason action taken threatened substantial body persons inside outside singapore cause cause substantial number citizens fear organised violence persons property considers necessary purpose suppressing organised violence proclamation security area published home affairs minister way minister thinks necessary bringing notice persons minister view notice comes effect notice given published government gazette proclamation remains force president parliament passing resolution preservation public security chapter iii minister steps preserve public security security area minister declare areas danger areas controlled areas protected places person allowed enter remain danger area escorted member security force enforce prohibition security forces necessary measures including dangerous fatal human life person injured danger area legal claim compensation awarded compensation board thinks declaration area controlled area enables minister order people area reside portion area declared residential venture residential certain hours failure comply orders criminal offence commissioner police view necessary interests public security order maintenance supplies services essential life community special precautions taken prevent entry persons declare place premises security area protected place declaration force person permitted enter remain place permission authority person stated declaration persons wishing enter protected place submit searched police officers authorized persons comply directions concerning conduct failure result removal protected place offence present protected place permission fail stop challenged police officer refuse submit search commissioner police steps considers necessary secure protected place including life entering place commissioner employs steps precautions including displaying prominent warning notices considers reasonably necessary prevent accidental entry place precautions place person enters protected place permission injured killed entitled receive compensation damages minister declare fence barrier surrounding security area perimeter fence commissioner police permitted steps prevent people crossing fence passing articles fence including defensive measures involve involve danger life measures taken place perimeter fence commissioner precautions including displaying prominent warning signs ensure people accidentally enter area injured dies result defensive measure compensation minister compensation paid offence cross attempt cross pass attempt pass article perimeter fence authorized entry point damage attempt damage fence gate barrier entry point interests public safety minister clearance order concerning land metres railway public road perimeter fence security area land security area connection cultivation rubber oil palm fruit growing trees agricultural food crops order directs owner land agent person living area surrounded perimeter fence clear away bush object mentioned order permanent buildings prevent growing higher centimetres maintain land failure comply clearance order criminal offence officer charge police division forms security area following exclusion persons written order excluding person persons police division impose specified persons designating stay indoors particular area certain hours obtain permit contrary issued police officer rank sergeant control roads regulate restrict control prohibit use road person class persons vehicle vessel type description vehicle vessel addition issue permits regulate restrict control prohibit persons classes persons travelling bus car train vehicle vessel police officer member security forces rating leading rate rank non commissioned officer duty person authorized officer charge police division empowered seize rice food quantity situation likely available persons intend act recently acted manner public security maintenance public order support power people premises vehicles vessels searched warrant appears minister necessary interests public security accommodation security forces possession land building building security area police officers permitted use reasonable force taking possession minister require owner land building provide information relating land building minister possession wide power determine use minister entitled disregard legal restrictions utilized authorize persons property owner entitled ban limit exercising rights way rights relating land building feels minister taking possession land building lodge objection advisory committee committee required consider objections grounds objections forward person given possession property recommendations minister minister directions recommendations think fit award compensation building structure security area left order relating security area officer charge police division building structure situated takes view person persons intend act recently acted manner public security person likely harbour persons practical prevent use officer authorize destruction building structure compensation destruction person demonstrate minister building structure constructed consent person entitled land stood liable building structure subject minister pay compensation owner person prove persons acting manner public security persons knowledge consent exercised ensure building manner offences chapter iii iii creates number criminal offences relating security areas firearms ammunition explosives offence carry possession control security area excuse ammunition explosive authority penalty offence death person charged prove excuse having item demonstrating acquired item manner purpose act manner public security maintenance public order possession having control furthermore person charged authority item police officer member security forces person employed item connection performance duty licensed authorized licence item granted exemption officer charge police division member class persons commissioner police situations applies person regarded having authority item purpose manner public security maintenance public order public prosecutor arrested singapore train station having grenade bodies bag charged found guilty possession ammunition high_court sentenced death conviction upheld singapore court hierarchy appeal held grenade bodies come term ammunition defined ammunition fire arm defined includes grenades bombs like missiles capable use fire arm ammunition containing designed adapted contain liquid gas thing counsel suggested grenade bodies fall definition explosive includes material making explosive apparatus machine implement material intended adapted causing aiding causing explosion explosive apparatus machine implement declined allow submission involved presentation case completely different required meet trial appeal acquitted crime security area consort found company person carrying having possession having control ammunition explosive offence mentioned circumstances raise reasonable person intends act recently acted person having item manner public security maintenance public order penalty death life imprisonment slightly offence security area consort company person reasonable person know person items penalty offence imprisonment exceeding years person carrying possession control ammunition explosive person acting offence mentioned supplies offence person inside outside security area demand collect receive supplies person circumstances raise reasonable person intends act recently acted manner public security maintenance public order supplies intended intends act recently acted manner terrorist use offence inside outside security area found possession supplies accounted directly indirectly provide supplies person circumstances raise reasonable referred penalty offences life imprisonment situation person convicted voluntarily provides information offence police officer accused charged offence offences person inside outside security area knows reasonable cause believe person committed offence iii information present intended movements whereabouts person knows reasonable cause believe terrorist fails report matter police officer commits offence imprisonment years person voluntarily gives information police officer accused charged offence convicted offence attempt commit offence iii assist knows reasonable cause believe committed offence prevent hinder interfere person arrest trial punishment generally fail comply provision iii order direction given requirement imposed iii failure person miscellaneous provisions final contains miscellaneous provisions notable provisions described section police officer entitled use force reasonably necessary circumstances including lethal weapons arrest person subject detention order arrest person respect officer reason believe grounds detention acted act likely act manner national security arrest person suspected having committed offence offensive weapons act sections code commission fire explosive substance damage property destroy building overcome resistance person arrest prevent arrested person escaping rescued arrest person arrested offences mentioned soon possible arrest clearly warned liability shot escape custody addition police officer power use force exercised member security forces guard protected place person authorized commissioner police provisions exist easier admit statements people charged offences act certain offences laws specified second schedule act statement evidence trial person statement chooses testify trial cross examination credit statement amounts confession oral writing time person charged course police investigation wholly partly answer questions person hearing police officer rank sergeant interpreted police officer person concerned arrest subject limitations statement making statement appears court caused threat promise having reference charge person proceeding person authority sufficient opinion court person grounds appear reasonable making gain advantage avoid evil temporal nature reference proceedings statement person arrested court satisfied caution following lines administered duty warn obliged answer question answer question given evidence person makes statement time administer caution statement remains caution administered soon possible person cautioned right remain silent required answer questions cases minister home affairs high_court singapore archived original january minister home affairs singapore law reports reissue singapore archived original december lung singapore lung minister home affairs singapore lung legislation constitution republic singapore reprint essential regulations cap internal security act cap general regulations cap works michael terrorism criminal law singapore solution deputy prime minister coordinating minister minister home affairs debate president official report october vol judiciary siege daniel judicial review detention internal security act summary developments articles lee past present future internal security act published lee june past present future internal security act archived original june sin ann judges administrative action look minister home affairs clarity controversy meaning judicial independence singapore malaysia defending singapore balancing need national security rule law archived original february books works minister law speech second reading constitution republic singapore amendment bill singapore parliamentary debates official report january vol minister law speech second reading internal security amendment bill singapore parliamentary debates official report january vol tan thoughts free poems prose imprisonment exile singapore isbn tan special powers emergency powers constitutional law malaysia singapore 3rd singapore isbn blue gate political prisoner malaysia isbn singapore human rights documents general new_york december constitutional supremacy treatise singapore constitutional law singapore isbn update human rights documents general new_york june
Internal Security Act (Singapore)