ruined borough cleveland ceremonial county england founded mary norman feudal magnate ancestor scottish king richest monastic foundations england grants crown nobles gentry local people modest means norman destroyed fire rebuilt gothic style scale following century remains regarded finest surviving examples early gothic architecture england prospered abolished england monastic communities buildings demolished stone buildings east end church left standing great window forming distinctive arch known landmark symbol estate family acquired east window preserved romantic adjoining seat takes spelled owned care english_heritage scheduled monument 19th century archaeological excavations taken place grounds substantial site investigated addition east window surviving visible fragments complex include lower courses west range vaulted gateway 14th century use today adjoining laid 18th century restoration volunteer group ruins gardens open public year history establishment established time founding town refers fortified place scandinavian called taken site established romans lived vicinity arrival 8th 9th centuries priest church mill recorded book refers town following gave lands area count passed friend lord largest landowners north owning acres km2 yorkshire william north left region severely depressed state monasteries north opportunities existed new agricultural religious developments order came england start 12th century established houses england including major ones communities living rule wearing dark robes earned black according founding charter founded certain monastery religious order sic honour god holy virgin mary gave church service god things pertaining gift included lands amounting roughly equivalent acres km2 churches mills possessions grants charter started provide material buildings house foundation authorised pope archbishop york peers yorkshire founded monastic institutions religious obligations date foundation unclear 14th century canon historian walter gives charter confirmation dates period foundation charters shorter dating possibly detailed dating definitive document rights privileges prior grew centuries added royal grants granted rights sac established monday market right hold annual day fair mark feast assumption august proceeds fees events supported prior granted free warren lands nearby villages extended permitted convert acres land deer park gave twice yearly right right stray return gave steady income fines fees owned sheep 13th 14th century known strict rule religious reputation living canonical life attracted ireland long close involvement closely associated like outlook canon william moved abbot supported local people records survive numerous small grants related place chamber distributed poor support building work leased bought sold land money property grants benefit building fund wealthy discipline slipped found necessary action late 13th century number sent correction turn took places embroiled dispute local landowner raided properties alias course dispute parish church suffered catastrophic fire according account lead roof forgot fire causing roof catch fire lead ran church building destroyed effects costly books lost sought raise funds rebuilding petitioned king grant parish churches rewarded donors granting temporal punishment sins nave chancel rebuilt support family coat arms displayed buildings rebuilding probably took century complete work slowed high costs civil unrest early 14th century scottish raiders repeatedly plundered north england lands reduced value raids diminishing income wealth tapped york good losses refugees monastic houses forced disperse escape raiders probably consequence troubles petitioned king clerical tenth tax clerical property granted permission buildings staff diminished lay brothers yorkshire line family died death childless local nobility families married peter sisters took patronage continued centuries prominent local nobles buried scottish robert grandfather patrons families buried received substantial financial support patrons william lord provided funds complete north nave donated roughly equivalent million today new left cattle manor bequeathed range religious items arrangements body interred death dissolution henry viii england catherine act supremacy passed declared church_of_england church estate england king estate henry ordered comprehensive survey church property found annual net value fourth wealthiest monastic house yorkshire monasteries annual income suppressed wave suppression second survey carried king commissioners provided final suppression charges lack quality religious life prior forced resign replaced loyal king dissolution welcomed locals derived economic benefit presence families depended strength feeling recorded letter lord sir sunday 11th july yorkshire parish priest declaring articles dissolution directed king archbishop york alias came violently took book forth priest hands pulled pieces popular discontent sparked implicated revolt failed hanged prior abbot abbot formally dissolved april surrendered king men december making monastic houses england suppressed proposal found secular college came buildings exception great east window demolished november granted lease buildings site demolished carried away demolition carried collapsing central tower body church crushing fall reducing rubble site lands let sir later purchased property outright occupied quarters west range moving new mansion old hall bow street century remains cleared fallen stonework looted sold grounds redeveloped formal gardens grounds old hall local historian mid-19th century described stonework seen buildings uses seen eyes broken pillars august pile uses stands stepping stones common sewer richly doorway forms entrance sorrow shame richly columns carved god temple supporting pig house fragments travelled hall near mock ruin built incorporating stones brought wealth stuff local legends claimed underground passage led cave hills raven stood guard chest gold lands source wealth sir son called thomas established england works south town important product variety industrial uses especially important cloth industry substance fix cloth supply controlled controlled spain conflict england exercised virtual monopoly provision import cheaper turkish banned pope century visited pope works near rome noticed soil vegetation resembled estate return established works aid smuggled rome earning papal casts doubt story noting account published decades stated came france mention travels italy substantial survive eastern great east window survival owed rise 18th century portrayal ruined buildings landscapes contemporaries inspired fashion nobility gentry produce paintings monasteries providing incentive landowners preserve romantic ruins east window examples monastic ruin retained visual qualities incorporated grounds old hall romantic ruin great window removed ensure view given role inspiring east window preservation turner visit yorkshire east lawn laid east window grand early 20th century installed cattle grounds south buildings ran length grounds afforded access ruins flight steps flanked carved sea wolves reflecting coat arms thought dragons local people steps referred dragon steps old hall demolished built mansion house half mile east 2nd baron transferred control responsibility english heritage remains property lord english_heritage responsible maintaining ruins day day running managed according folklore haunted ghost monk black habit returns annually check buried treasure disturbed said arrive midnight year new moon lower spanning vanished moat people turned watch allegedly managed spot figure spectators turned saw description buildings characterised highly visible remains church survives state dominated east wall stands height church column bases seen number excavated graves site outline visible largely ruins west range constitutes largest area remains ground ruined gatehouse intact limits visitors stand western edges site church remains church dominated eastern wall stands height great east window regarded finest examples century church architecture design close eastern arm cathedral built time thought modelled design window disappeared surviving fragments seven major lights openings window centre great circle filled lights main east wall flanked massive buttresses capped octagonal similar pair main flanking window unusual design projects lower lobe support statue longer present possibly virgin mary dedicated little remains ground rest surviving stonework final form church nave bays bays total length metres survival east wall allows ridge line roof stood metres ground arcades supported shafts bases visible capitals carved foliage combined single arch main arcade high vault executed stone bosses decorated red white paint gold leaf traces visible bosses found 19th century eastern bay divided remnants screens visible main aisle north south responds main altar stood short distance west tall screen angle aisle spiral staircase visible surviving east wall gave access passage inside walls secondary stairs angles main enabling access parts building maintenance cleaning requiring remains north south extended north present boundary wall graveyard presumably high ranking clergy 19th century archaeologists found stone excavations visible east wall original location recorded centrally placed grave visible east window housed memorial founders erected removed dismantled parts recovered 19th century reconstructed displayed ruins church housed shrine virgin mary significant north lincoln destroyed reformation revived father roman catholic parish priest years housed town ranges fragments buildings associated seen site measuring metres square south church surrounded domestic buildings ranges replaced earlier ranges destroyed fire rebuilt new larger design doors north wall gave access nave church surviving arches columns taken london display provided basis reconstruction medieval english national art court section exhibition fragments west range range extant entered west outer projecting north end range members community received visitors prior lived upper floor comprised hall chamber chapel dedicated prior rooms probably located outer pattern monasteries outside world largest surviving fragment range comprises supplies kept vaulted bays constructed stone floor level relatively preserved believed divided timber later replaced stone dining hall range south range east contained chapter house dormitory excavated western end range excavated presents vaulted bays survive located floor service passage survives kitchen western late middle ages severely restricted raised floor outer buildings buildings stood centre walled arranged courts inner outer entrances remains great gate inner court extant outer gatehouse longer survives gate comprised outer porch inner porter lodge ground floor chambers arch survived intact early 18th century outer porch remains structure consists single large round headed outer smaller arches different sizes deeply accommodate doors metres south larger arch wagons pedestrians entered smaller arch little remains porter lodge remnants visible north wall shaft built octagonal short distance west west range extant visited grounds built 14th century modified century addition roof welsh slate capped open sided timber original nesting boxes removed garden store older buildings site rebuilt times ruins visible today principally rebuild site occupied times structure possibly timber framed church boundary wall indicated number believed saxon settlement vicinity late saxon 8th century coin found buried remains west nave site abandoned point time built land stood cultivation graveyard early 12th century early norman building erected vicinity possibly temporary church norman completed relatively short narrow constructed style twin nave single tower west end aligned main axis church entered north external door south existence northward door suggests secular congregation possibly local nobility patrons number graves associated found south aisle floor north wall rebuilt larger scale church demolished course construction new church continued 13th century enlarged twin towers west end flanking large double doorway central rose window water provided lead pipes church buildings north west main body church comprised nave choir laid geometric coloured tiles adjoining sandstone columns nave north aisle divided private number people probably local nobles gentry buried unusual feature church sunk nave possibly built effort safeguard water supplies effects fire destroyed seen paving surviving pillars thought church completely rebuilt excavations 1980s substantial damaged west end reused resulted distinct ends constructed different architectural styles rebuilding major task took generations probably completed end 14th century unclear second survived fire rebuilt builders reused possible core surviving eastern wall fragments destroyed second monks pond land immediately south formal gardens attached early 18th century planted oval shaped double avenue trees monks walk stonework recovered mid-19th century excavations deposited trees lawn hold musical theatrical productions monks walk fell restoration late 19th century wife lord laid formal gardens typical late victorian design elaborate schemes paths rose garden sunken italian garden ornamental pool centre open public small fee entered gateway bow street gardens freely accessible east road fish pond presents dramatic arch reflected photographed painted pond scene elaborate water organised raise funds restoration pond home number exceptionally large fish pollution caused sewage leak led death fish properties owned responsible hospital south west hospital probably founded 12th century documented fate unclear probably survived dissolution owned cell wood grant issued reign henry records donation hamlet enable establish cell single monk canon unclear cell built mentioned deeds henry_viii commissioners property building remains recorded existing century cleared start 19th century trace stood indication excavations captain carried major excavation cutting trench site number features discovered including stone coffin containing skeleton tall man thought remnants monumental shrine painted roof bosses evidence fire discovered form pieces fused metal lead silver iron melted penetrated floor heat fire carried excavations conjunction work consolidate walls grounds opened public work carried exposed site cleared material 19th century carried major excavation west end nave consolidate area cause collapse burial vault excavations found evidence fire including masonry shattered bell broken grave remains people men women children gender discovered buried grave goods including gold finger ring jet crosses found alongside remains priests skeletons cremated ashes scattered monks walk survey carried west east west range indicated existence remains monastic buildings excavated establishment dissolution recorded holding office names dates taking office periods held office known follows lawrence michael john simon date uncertain adam
Gisborough Priory