investigation kenya investigation kenya situation going investigation responsibility post election violence kenya crisis followed presidential election held december kenya officially declared incumbent president elected supporters opposition candidate accused government electoral fraud rejected results series protests demonstrations followed fighting mainly tribal lines led deaths injuries failed attempts conduct criminal investigation key perpetrators kenya matter referred prosecutor announced seeking people deputy prime minister minister education minister cabinet secretary radio executive police commissioner accused crimes humanity suspects known colloquially indicted pre trial chamber march summoned appear court government kenya attempted stop process government appealed court case voted favour removing kenya state party international treaty established despite opposition suspects proceedings attended preliminary hearings april confirmation charges hearings september year confirmed charges sang declined confirm charges ali trial sang began september supposed begin february chief asked case citing lack evidence required trial background december general election held kenya comprising parliamentary presidential civic elections incumbent president represents leading candidates early indications showed likely win election results announced kenya showed elected sworn president immediately announcement rejected result claiming widespread electoral fraud taken place european_union electoral observers claimed electoral commission failed ensure credibility vote days followed violence spread country estimated people died displaced homes government spokesman accused supporters engaging ethnic claimed president supporters guilty directly genocide violence mainly tribal lines tribe largest tribe kenya violence continued peace deal agreed united_nations secretary general remain president newly created office prime minister report parties agreed series establish chaired judge investigate violence particularly actions police report recommended government set special tribunal prosecute responsible worst crimes voiced support local tribunal idea rejected passed report including list names considered responsible violence instructions passed progress local tribunal july commission delivered copy report boxes documents supporting materials sealed envelope containing list people implicated violence prosecutor opened envelope inspected contents sealed initially gave government deadline july establish local tribunal refer case prosecutor list far public speculation contain names initially indicted consequently calls kenya release list pre trial chamber prosecutor open formal investigation circumstances situation referred government state investigation concerns situation referred november presidency assigned situation kenya prosecutor application chamber open formal investigation november judges pre trial chamber granted march judges decision noted written ruling article rome statute allow prosecutor investigate prosecute case controversial aspects history case time prosecutor decided investigate case manner prior cases referred court national government judge opinion judgment judgment passed majority dissent wrote essence main reason position following interpretation article rome statute sets legal definition attack directed civilian population element crimes humanity examination prosecutor request supporting material including victims representations led conclude acts occurred territory qualify crimes humanity falling court suspects december prosecutor named suspects application issued men colloquially known individuals named major general chief executive kenya time post election violence commissioner deputy prime minister minister finance chairman political party president minister member constituency chairman cabinet secretary chairman minister higher education member north constituency head operations language radio station time post election violence radio presenter legal representation reported recruited british lawyers previously defended yugoslavia lead legal team initially appointed british lawyer previously led defence subsequently recruited worked office ali defence led canadian appointed representing government agreed pay legal costs actions taken course public employment decision attracted criticism charges prosecutor presented charges separate cases case prosecution ali second case prosecution sang suspects accused crimes humanity prosecutor case concerns supporters actions supporters government charged counts crimes humanity accused committing crimes indirect perpetrators locations including turbo town greater area town town charges murder crime humanity violation article rome statute transfer population crime humanity violation article rome statute torture crime humanity violation article rome statute persecution crime humanity violation article rome statute prosecutor case concerns government supporters actions opposition charged counts crimes humanity accused committing crimes indirect perpetrators locations including murder crime humanity violation article rome statute transfer population crime humanity violation article rome statute rape forms sexual violence crime humanity violation article rome statute persecution crime humanity violation article rome statute acts crime humanity violation article rome statute pre trial phase ruled reasonable grounds believe responsible indirect perpetrators crimes outlined counts case ruled involvement essential commission crimes ruled grounds believe contributed crimes chamber rejected request prosecutor include charge torture count case ruled reasonable grounds believe guilty indirect perpetrators crimes accused case chamber ruled contribution essential commission crimes charged having contributed march issued appear suspects cases decision investigation prosecutor judge opposed issuance initial hearings april initial hearing took place case sang following day corresponding hearing case ali took place seat court hearing presiding judge expressed concern actions suspects particular speeches attempt violence kenya speaking initial hearing said came knowledge chamber way following articles newspapers movements violence country way dangerous speeches like remind suspects referring particular general point suspects type action perceived sort constitute breach conditions set appear continue committing crimes jurisdiction court accordingly prompt chamber replace appear arrest initial hearings chamber set dates confirmation charges hearings place september application impose conditions suspects including provide details home addresses pay bond court rejected judge location confirmation charges hearings june requested prosecutor defendants victims comment possibility holding confirmation charges hearings kenya supported claimed holding hearings kenya bring justice process closer victims idea holding hearings kenya supported defendants suggesting holding hearings military barracks enhanced security suggesting possibility holding hearings location opposed prosecution cited security concerns obstacle ali sang cited possibility change venue lead delays trial process submissions court june judge ruled hearings place seat court hearing case sang took place september defendants filed applications challenging jurisdiction court rejected chamber defence teams initially proposed calling witnesses confirmation charges hearings chamber instructed present witnesses confirmation hearings sang additionally statements person hearing case ali took place september october ali submitted challenges court jurisdiction rejected defence teams presented witnesses sworn statement exercised right statement participation victims procedures allow participation victims submit views observations court apply case victims applied participate proceedings pre trial chamber admitted victims participants case victims applied admitted participants prosecutor allegation prosecutor accused defendants forming organisation people early stated purpose removing members ethnic groups region kenya create large pro power base region force communities relocate group planned inflict fear destroy homes property victims left region prosecutor alleged april ceremony took place milk plant members network swore oath allegiance meetings took place including took place house particular prosecutor claims meeting took place december house guns money distributed attendees sang time election presenter radio programme language station accused broadcasts spread instructions violence murder charge murder crime humanity prosecutor relation multiple attacks took place aftermath election prosecution members network attacked turbo town december resulting deaths witness claiming saw dead bodies additionally prosecutor network members attacked areas resulting deaths alleged attack people took refuge church locked outside burned causing people burned death additionally prosecutor towns town attacked network members transfer population prosecutor claims network forced residents leave areas destroying homes turbo town homes businesses burned petrol residents fled police stations point displaced people police station persecution crime persecution crime humanity defined intentional severe fundamental rights contrary international law reason identity group prosecutor claims crimes murder transfer population specific ethnic groups identified supporters crimes persecution prosecutor ali leadership outlawed sect agreed pursue organizational policy power means necessary including police failure prevent commission crimes claims prior election organised series meetings november involving government officials businessmen leaders accused providing funding uniforms weapons youth carry attacks chairman ali commissioner police accused instructing kenya police intervene attacks prosecutor claims preparation post election violence meeting took place november representatives president meeting alleged anonymous witness representatives present meeting gave money representatives second meeting held december accused giving mps million shillings approximately buy guns attack late january crimes leader allegedly given million shillings return money concessions placed disposal murder prosecutor murder crime humanity took place approximately people killed january january people killed witness testified people died burns including died single arson attack estate majority killings result attacks blunt instruments guns attacks transfer population prosecution thousands supporters forced leave homes particular people took refuge police station took refuge stadium claimed public announcements leave areas people displaced mainly ethnic groups rape forms sexual violence prosecutor cases sexual violence reported including forced male reported forced men witness claims men forced remove underwear confirm ethnicity forcibly identified persecution acts relation charges persecution acts prosecutor cites physical violence destruction property committed members supporters acts constitute crimes humanity acts targeted people believed support ethnic groups prosecutor claims crimes meet definition persecution crime humanity outcomes confirmation charges hearings announced january despite regulations requiring normally issue verdict confirmation charges days hearings taking place chamber issued ruling october vary time limit allow results cases announced simultaneously chamber ruled majority judge confirm charges confirm charges exception forms sexual violence decline confirm charges dissent judge issued opinion cases opinions asserted continues believe lacks jurisdiction situation kenya assertion crimes committed nature constitute crimes humanity jurisdiction time judge wrote similar dissent opposing effect suspects following confirmation charges legislators petitioned president dismiss posts cited agreement signed implementation report december states parties shall ensure person holding public office public servant charged criminal offence related post election violence shall suspended duty matter fully attorney general issued statement pair required vacate office appeals confirmation concluded resigned posts finance minister cabinet secretary respectively january retain position deputy prime minister declared presidential elections response kenya december week announced individuals seeking prosecute passed motion seeking withdraw kenya treaty established motion introduced assembly member previously thrown deputy speaker ruled unconstitutional amended version introduced following day passed debate minister energy claimed court motion affect kenya status ministers repeal kenya ratified necessarily changes criminal code february kenya appealed asking trials critics kenya questioned arguing incompatible constitution kenya passed referendum government attempt cases appealing members failed voted government represented british lawyers subsequently applied directly court government application cases rejected unanimously judges victims post election violence voiced opposition government stance poll conducted shortly announcement intended seek showed percent supported trial accused taking place international response following initial announcement intention bring suspects president barack_obama called kenya operate statement said urge kenya leaders people serve cooperate fully investigation remain focused implementation reform agenda future nation found responsible held crimes individuals community singled shame held collectively responsible let accused carry let mind process innocent proven guilty forward count united_states friend partner endorsed position government seeking delay postpone proceedings formal investigations concerned african countries african defendants indicted led resentment africa court targeting africa particular cited geographical investigations decisions operate proceedings president leader deputy prosecutor denied prosecutors speaking said hear targeting africa double justice especially african woman knowing conflicts conflicts happening continent africa
International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya