society german known german des den german radical extremely nationalist organization founded mainly poles known founders von main aims promotion living prussia destruction polish national identity german eastern provinces contrary similar nationalist organizations created period relatively close ties government local administration largely successful opposed policy seeking poles pursued chancellor policies anti polish measures limited significance organization formed notable german anti democratic political landscape era initially formed main headquarters moved berlin roughly members number rose authors claim membership high poland established following world war society continued activities closed nazis created new organisation similar activity background following poland late 18th century large polish lithuanian commonwealth regions royal later annexed predecessor formed primarily inhabited poles greater poland initially formed semi autonomous granted certain level self governance government ethnic cultural tensions region began rise paired growing tendencies nationalism german society tendencies went different directions linked hand new world order demanded desires creating german colonial empire feelings hostility national groups german state growing situation aggravated policies took character parts germany included number specifically anti polish laws resulted polish german communities living virtual observers believed policies polish independence movement question possible personal poles motivation pursuing unlike parts known german cease end decade finally signed informal alliance catholic_church policies continue polish inhabited parts country end von rule advent pressure german landowners feared lead german control polish areas end germany saw natural reservoir workforce land actual extent von concessions poles limited german minority feared step far von government power polish clergy nobility slogan standing opposite dangerous fanatic enemy german existence german honour german reputation world poles society circumstances number nationalist organizations pressure groups formed collectively known german landowners feared interests properly represented organizations decided form society officially launched november referred german opening meeting elected assembly general committee composed members province additional parts social base newly founded society wide included large spectrum people representatives areas germany primarily inhabited poles landed aristocracy ancient feudal roots rest groups middle class germans civil servants teachers merchants protestant priests official aims society strengthening rallying revival consolidation german national feeling economic strengthening german people area seen justified alleged germans eastern territories officially work germans poles reality aims society anti polish aimed polish landowners peasants land cost argued poles threat german national cultural integrity domination east rationale formation presented national polish german struggle group argued poles successfully germans living east face conflict portrayed constant biological struggle eastern european culture counter alleged threat society promoted destruction polish national identity polish lands held germany prevention growing national sentiment local poles paired migration poles rural areas cities region accordance views chancellor society saw language question key factor determining loyalty state view insisted extending ban usage polish language schools instances everyday life including public meetings books newspapers meeting danzig modern society demanded government polish language banned voluntary classes schools universities language banned public usage polish language newspapers forced printed bilingual versions limited local success support functioned primarily nationwide propaganda pressure group press organ eastern march primary sources information polish question german public shaped national conservative views ethnic conflict eastern territories germany society opened number libraries polish dominated areas supported literary production books novels promoting aggressive stance poles popular novels depicted poles non white struggled portray race black poles white germans limit mere cultural struggle domination promoted physical removal poles lands order space german colonization pressure government adopt stance poles ban polish schools reintroduced teaching german language ban german police harass polish trade union movement interpreted public meetings educational important issue polish territory organisation actively supported nationalist policy removal polish population promoting settlement ethnic germans eastern regions main supporters creation official authority fund buy land poles german settlers organisation proposed lobbied law allow forced polish owners land succeed law eventually passed remained paper following years responded large scale propaganda campaign press campaign proved successful october prussian government issued decision allowing polish property owners social base day primarily associated groups oppose society goals initially treated reserve conservative prussian aristocracy time actively opposed society opposed immigration poles area gained large profits seasonal workers migrating year parts poland german colonists brought polish lands german government largely benefited cooperation polish neighbours ignored actively opposed ideas organization formed german settlers middle class members local administration prussian notable group supporters included local businessmen interests endangered organic work polish response economical competition promoted similar organizations sample probe members social classes represented follows civil servants members german administration businessmen teachers landowners army officers people designation effects life poland society roughly members despite fierce rhetoric support local administration certain popularity goals society proved largely unsuccessful projects promoted like similar organizations managed public awareness polish question german public german policies area sparked polish reaction effect external pressure poles living started organize order prevent plans addition main opposition centre polish middle class aristocracy strengthened polish resistance intensified national sentiment polish society pressure german nationalists resulted strengthening polish national democrats particularly polish instance years existence managed plant german families land time reaction polish societies resulted new polish farmers settled area roughly land similarly attempts banning teaching religion polish language met nationwide resistance school strikes sparked campaign foreign media germany influential exact influence german governments best heard polish people symbols oppression national discrimination poisoning polish german relations entire germany eve world war sides ran high liberal politicians seeking compromise seen german politicians trying tone aggressive rhetoric sides attack situation proved vital failure german plans creation great war polish political scene taken politicians hostile germany post war organisation works practically ceased war end members joined german association society aimed preventing newly restored poland acquiring lands prussia members feared possible polish pack belongings head westwards armistice stayed lands taken poland protected minority treaty lost main rationale germany influence lands continued exist form headed berlin tried force government use threat remaining polish minority germany order win concessions german minority poland post war government rejected pleas germans poland poles germany tactics harm german society continued exist berlin limiting activities press campaign rhetoric meaning seriously limited finally advent adolf_hitler rule germany disbanded nazis members living poland remained members german societies organizations formed core german fifth column
German Eastern Marches Society