finnish horse finnish literally horse finland nickname swedish literally finnish cold blood horse breed riding horse draught horse influences characteristics breed developed fully finland english called finnish universal consider breed capable fulfilling finland horse needs including agricultural forestry work harness racing riding breed declared official national horse breed finland claimed fastest versatile breeds world finland term universal horse describe breeds horse relatively small body type heavy riding horse light draught separate sections stud book different goals develop heavier working horse lighter type versatile riding horse smaller pony sized animal combined breed standard sections defines breed strong versatile horse pleasant disposition average height breed hands inches typical colour chestnut white markings tail exact origins early finnish horse currently known breed horses finland centuries history horses finland parallels history documented history distinct breed begins turn 13th century outside influences light breeds recorded beginning 16th century making breed larger usable official founded producing animals significant numbers years agriculture finnish horse cavalry later half 20th century population high animals 1950s low breed managed survive thanks popularity harness racing versatility mount breed characteristics breed standard defines multi purpose horse average height ideal easy handle versatile combines strength agility speed endurance lively reliable alert temperament breed standard encourages horse honest sincere eager cooperate humans willing work hardy good endurance robust health generally long lived breed standard describes head dry profile straight long convex spaced short ears neck shaped body long rounded level high connection tail strongly good bone dry legs strong typically thick tails legs light average height hands inches hands inches exist licensed breeding separate section official stud book good regular relatively low steady action fast breed known good horses harness racing addition general traits separate breed sections overall typical section recorded horses registered multiple sections colours percent today chestnut tails white markings face legs common breed minority color chestnut percent bay percent black silver exist smaller numbers genes cream present gene pool distinctive non pattern moderately common usually expressed selective colour breeding 20th century single white horse registered deemed white recorded modern history breed number non increasing dedicated breeding colours dozen black grey exist genes responsible white markings found number individuals genetic testing 18th 19th centuries chestnut shades prevailing colour finnish horses making percent breed bays blacks existed greater numbers today percent bay percent black remaining percent grey spotted wide high leg markings rare unlike today bold markings common 20th century change came selective breeding turn 20th century spirit high began considered symbol finland popular addition chestnut colour officially chosen official aim breeding original colour named colour recently founded finnish national horse breeding association colours chestnut considered evidence foreign blood goal chestnut breed breeding regulation stated stallion coat white grey spotted accepted stud book popularity bay black dropped mare removed stud book solely bay colour selective breeding combined export horses colours popular neighbouring countries especially bays sweden chestnut prevailing colour earliest section listed chestnut bay colours included book point percent breed vigorous colour breeding chestnut early 20th century combined genetic resulting low number existed 1980s colours grey cream preserved minor breeders 1980s fewer grey combined carriers cream gene today descend single maternal line founded mare literally lived 1920s cream black rare known blacks breed identified black confirmed dna test considered long long time april appearing double cream born blue eyed pink skin pale coat later officially recognised double cream colour rare today passed single dam line descends mare confirmed exist descendants mare great great granddaughter second line died passing stallion offspring grey exists dam line descending mare especially maternal grandson award winning working section stallion second grey line died mare grey offspring silver gene survived reasons affects black colour masked second act black bay base coat colors produces chestnut like silver bays long registered silver blacks dark breed sections stud book created today sections working section draught type section riding section section split stud book created working draught type finnish horses section universal lighter horses section renamed section lighter horse section divided parts finnish riding finnish pony sized finnish types today majority type draught type working draught type oldest types separate breeding section split oldest types rare today total horses registered working section draught type heavier longer body horses riding types relatively small compared draught breeds considerable pulling power pull heavy loads breed good pulling technique powerful low efficient body stature actual pulling finnish draught type pound pound stronger larger draught breeds average horse draught work capable pulling percent weight pull percent work horse competitions best achieve higher results pulling percent body weight draught type horse pass tests evaluation walking test pulling general test points given horse performance tests added given temperament resulting final score horse given score addition achieving minimum scores accepted working horse section stud book required metres minutes seconds type type section horse light muscular relatively long body long legs evaluation type horse meet standards racing results breeding value index decreed disposition evaluated test type evaluation standard type existed separate breeding section universal horse section renamed replaced section total number dropped 20th century popularity harness racing turned historical lows 1970s 1980s today approximately training compete harness racing official racing championship began held annually attracting tens thousands spectators slower mature lighter breeds usually enters harness racing competition age build competition better light breed effective competition career long finnish harness racing allow raced ages breed fast official finnish record long held racing champion stallion finally broken horse world record harness racing long held record broken scandinavian sweden official finnish record world record held double racing female champion absolute speed record held stallion result achieved win time official finnish record successful breeds scandinavia 21st century admitted swedish norwegian races invitation flaws common breed hinder success include heavy hind legs problem affects tendency hind legs directly line creates high probability hind hit cause breaking helped degree careful tendency feet tends increase age appears condition called affects lateral foot common draught breeds study affected noted horses long toes low heels common length heels riding horse type riding horse section capable reliable mount lacks traits required competing highest levels international riding sports combination size good temperament makes suitable adults children qualify riding section horse carry long neck small head sloping shoulder defined body long universal breeding goals breed lighter build longer neck better fewer faults allowing modern riding type work easily bit temperament riding section animals appears lively pass evaluation riding type horse placed grade combined driving competition pass test pass jumping evaluation test possess clean qualified solely grounds test movement evaluation despite image working farm horse breed cavalry mount 17th century end world war finnish agriculture 1960s 1970s clear transition riding horse long use breed finnish cavalry proven suited job strong image working horse associated rural life old times riding hobby emerged established finnish cities 1960s imported horses preferred mounts horses represented modern times leisure time wealth viewed rugged riding section created grew slowly gained dozen horses decade idea riding considered near ridiculous time organisation founded promote use saddle growing popularity riding support riding type gained late 1970s estimated riding popularity harness racing breeding type breed lighter faster overall riding section addition finnish state horse breeding institute founded 1970s stud farm breed train riding larger scale trained mounts seen growing numbers competition added popularity credibility breed saddle use slow beginning increasingly appreciated riding horse today riding riding section horses currently sought section suffers pony sized type pony sized measure hands inches sexes required pass test horse pedigree evaluated small individuals descending larger sized lines accepted horse small express qualities size especially thorough attention paid pony sized horse character obedience cooperation pony sized suited practically use larger exception heavy draught work smaller size reduced strength individuals able compete win size work horse competitions pony sized individuals cross registered section breeding small equal competitors harness larger ones combined driving pony sized size advantage allowing greater agility section popular therapy riding school use breeding section created time riding types pony sized technically newest sections riding horses bred universal horses combined section beginning bred larger size centuries pony sized breeding section established pony sized lines existed section remains type accepted evaluation registered horse parents registered verified descended generations qualify stud book breeding animal horse prove meeting exceeding breed standard set qualities performance ability disposition cases quality offspring horse offered years old stallion mare registered stud book evaluation board considers performance horses desired discipline riding driving harness racing events horses registered stud book tested performance stud book registration inspection exception section evaluated type horse overall build section offered individuals qualify merits stud book evaluation process accepted later based quality accomplishments offspring occur horse offspring evaluated competitive history stud book evaluation high quality parent granted acceptance stud book conversely horse removed offspring found inherited flaw condition stallion removed offspring clearly average level competitive success stud book walking test walking test given draught type measures horse endurance pulling load horse tested pulls kilograms load metres walking calculated time kilometre minutes qualify accepted horse qualifying time given points extra points given faster times interval seconds maximum points given time longer minutes seconds pulling test pulling resistance test test draught type horses measures pulling capacity relation size test performed progressive stages called steps load increased time horse tested pull weighed semi rough sand friction sand taken account measured test loaded according horse weight attempt load equals percent estimated weight horse subsequent stage test load increased percent horse weight horse pull metres weight horse stops test resume minute stops times reaching required distance test discontinued points awarded testing stage completed successfully maximum total score pulling style evaluated given points pass test horse successfully complete pulls steps corresponds pulling capacity percent horse weight award points corresponds percent horse weight pulled test general test performed optional draught type horses lieu pulling test pony sized horses lieu test horse driven different members evaluation committee test asked perform walk cooperation disposition evaluated scale points draught section test disposition reliability consists parts points given pass test horse score point test combined score test points examines behaviour horse loaded remaining parts evaluate way horse driven parts include regulation speed horse walk turns obstacles backing load corner test test horse evaluated member evaluation committee ridden walk horse movement balance disposition evaluated given points horse express cooperation sensitivity cues active effort test required riding type horses optional pony sized horses lieu test history ancestors modern important finnish history work horses burden aspect life antiquity 20th century modern breed precise line descent unclear numerous outside influences recorded history finland earliest hard archaeological evidence horses existing today finland dates later asset military forces region finland times swedish russian rule independence addition functionality military working horses bred speed harness racing argued sport main factor survival breed numbers crashed later half 20th century approximately animals 1950s 1980s 21st century numbers breed approximately animals early history multiple exist origins horse finland indigenous wild horse origin thought significant numbers horses imported earliest times likely descended northern european domestic horse theory suggests horses arrived west brought today western finland circa viking horses northern european ancestry main theory suggests non viking peoples migrated finland southeast south brought horses origin developed regions theories merit distinct horse types eastern western regions finland remained distinct middle 19th century eastern origin breed proposed archaeologist published finnish horse proposed finnish horses descended animal accompanied peoples migration region middle russia shores similar idea suggested years earlier natural historian theory continued receive support modern times considered proposed prototype branch breed considered possible prototype influenced swedish norwegian horse populations later expanded hypothesis proposing horse population later diverged mid finnish types remained distinguishable late turn 20th century photographs support claims small horse stout pronounced short neck large head small horse central finland hand noble longer body lighter neck refined head swedish professor suggested finnish horse spread river valleys norway ancestor found continue having purchased finnish pony type stallion stud use dismissed possibility eastern came prototype western pony breeds professor proposed different theory doctoral thesis argued types wild horses existed europe believed horse believed notably large headed type horse early encountered bce suggested later encountered peoples horses south peoples better horses shorter muzzle wider forehead descended addition suggested came european horses spanish french origin centuries larger size narrow believed examinations carried 1920s proved influence horse types years later continuation war measured horses proposed came original northern european animal descended modern studies theories suggesting modern horse breeds descending horse modern horse resembles extinct early 20th century english edward proposed finland countries surrounding home region called yellow pony later supported view proposing pony descended small forest horse previously widespread lands surrounding earliest horse equipment bits found finnish graves date beginning circa breeds considered descend early types include native horse swedish horse region russia lithuanian point history clearly documented horses bred western regions horses originated south western finnish horse type larger better suited farming forestry work characteristics original western finnish type prevailed influenced outside blood traces outside influence detected long time later mixed type larger horses middle ages foreign horses brought finland military campaigns additional animals imported manor houses driving offspring central european finnish horses larger finnish parents suited agricultural work earliest known documentation finnish trade horses imports exports dates sent letter merchants selling horses non apparently succeeded improving horse population predominant form finnish trade horses eventually shifted imports exports russian chronicle mentions presumably denoting place good horse breeding early king saw necessary limits horse exports russia later 16th century writer mentioned high quality horses early found horses strictly prohibited trading banning sale horses age years organised breeding earliest document noting outside horses finland papal letter swedish rule finland followed foreign horses obtained finnish cavalry purchased seized war probably influenced finnish horse population significant planned efforts improve quality horses selective breeding finland occurred 16th century known interest horse breeding founded mare finnish stud farms properties ordered larger horses mainly region horse brought sweden probably finland imports kept regional royal farms swedish literally king estate service local letter mentions breeding horses kind finland known horses imported directly finland descended imports brought sweden finland early 16th century increase size finnish horse employed breeding royal farms carried major reforms cavalry decline heavy cavalry late middle ages light cavalry gaining importance new approach horse breeding gave orders stud finnish founded royal farms sweden municipality finland hold smaller number finnish horses horses imported sweden imported lands bordering north_sea likely type goal increase size weight finnish horse population successor prohibited finnish horses demonstrated success efforts importance horses region finland horse breeding farms lasted years later rulers line programs deteriorated stud closed crown owned stud transported outside breeding efforts finnish horses widely kept semi feral conditions mid-19th century describes horses regardless sex age let forest summer spring finished pasture scarce terrain challenging rocky ground wetlands considers practice important factor making easy keeping hardy breed military use goal increase height finnish horse finnish cavalry survey records indicate goal achieved heights horses surveyed measured highest point provides height measurement significantly different standard measures ranged centimetres taller animals horses officers horses owned colonel taller measurement centimetres known horses domestic imported average height horses troops centimetres year year survey centimetres overall pony sized horses measurement centimetres average height horses cavalry centimetres thirty years war horses finnish cavalry small considered inferior cargo horses animals great stamina crucial quality long exhausting campaigns humble looking finnish horses presumably exchanged possible horses obtained war probably rare return horse left likely horses brought finland purely central european lines reinforcements replace considerable horse casualties obtained reign cavalry horses imported south larger size world war breed horses finnish army mounted police forces officers rode foreign light horse breeds called light type enlisted members cavalry talented competitive success service war finnish cavalry converted infantry use riding purposes nearly ended finnish horse intentionally early 16th century known influences breed having early 17th century add size horses systematically 18th century new breeds created europe crossing local native horse populations light riding horses finnish military officers developed interest similar breeding study assignments foreign military forces colonel founded state stud farm conjunction military school stud described arabian years influenced local horse population outside military school number writings 19th century mention breed similar smaller programs developed royal estate imported sweden don horses influenced population half 19th century improving size horse type originating known breed bred engineer beginning 19th century finnish horses influence don horses seen late 1920s 1930s black bay horses finnish cavalry squadrons colours addition needs military improve common working horse improved roads advances agriculture replaced previously predominant horse horses better quality needed transport agricultural work attempts create better working horses breeds including heavy norwegian breed horses favoured multitude breeds diversity led difficulties creating consistent type beginning 20th century creation accepted criticised having norwegian look intentional experiments included descended crosses russian military horses breeding programme stated breed oriental descent breed descending important influence pedigree notable son estates especially southern regions finland known light hot breeds example officer bred probably attempt create driving horses notable failing attempt happened stud founded import export breed important influence driving horse breeds including offspring praised looks turned poor talent speed combination large population horses finland animals later enthusiasm estate based attempts significant influence modern finnish horse especially detailed description best finnish horses mid-19th century available development horse estonia experts consulted finnish horse order value project according stud farm inspector russian_empire finnish horses found types type type type type finnish academic master considered finnish horses mixed especially swedish north german english horses crossed finnish ones outside influence mainly russian swedish count respected time mentioned report purposes documents created years number finnish horses imported stud describe finnish obtained average height hands inches colour typically dark star heads large short carried bodies muscular deep chest muscular long muscular sloping leg joints defined short feet tough records noted legs faults position defined finnish horses considered calm good workers swift runners decline 18th century horse population finland vastly diminished numbers quality beginning century great northern war campaigns finnish cavalry larger time history usable horse finland needed horses cavalry infantry transporting supplies horses serving swedish military returned finland animals provided remaining swedish reinforcement regiments taken sweden norway russian invasion occupation caused additional hardships end russian occupation finnish human populace large numbers horses lost war epidemic diseases furthermore great number horses exported russia invasion command removed finland ended mainly area government russian researchers suggested horse developed mainly finnish addition hardships war occupation treaties ceded finnish territory russia resulted finnish horse population left new borders finnish horses russian areas russian horses significant numbers russians having taken best animals combined old custom shared municipalities larger areas rebuilding horse population took decades increase numbers horses bred young occurred researchers agricultural chemistry finland described finnish horse population time horse breed descended horses rarely taller centimetres good good chestnut bay coat breed found mixed bigger influence horses according calculated measurements horse finland early 18th century average peasant horse hands inches tall horses employed larger hands inches tall discovered horses southern western regions finland larger northern eastern regions probably influence imported horses century typical finnish horse probably hands inches size small contemporary weighed kilograms roughly half weight contemporary hands inches working section horse civilian horse good quality good action swift leg faults common response decline finnish horse population especially great loss good quality breeding animals experienced great famine senate finland gave orders provinces obtain quality public use scope programme later expanded include provinces finland divided breeding districts state owned stallion available service local horses programme known crown finnish official guidelines selection given common aim finland increase size bulk horse population create type better suited agricultural work revival end 18th century finnish horses began described especially military leaders detrimental damaging quality finnish horse particularly military use beginning 19th century german historian especially blamed west coast estates damaging finnish horse nonetheless outside imported finland end century oriental arabian blood served state farms influence russian imported oriental turkish horses horses noted norwegian brought northern light riding horses imported russian conversely heavier horses imported southern finland late finnish nationalism arose increased late 19th early 20th centuries finnish horse essentially ended new direction taken finnish horse breeders breed considered symbol nation desired possible november finland horse breeding association founded breed improve finnish horse means governmental decree issued horse breeding associations founded country leading establishment stud book notable objectives breeding programme concerned appearance especially colour breed aim remove foreign characteristics later 1920s trials performance introduced main objectives breeding programme continued encourage improvements capacity movement character breed establishment stud book closed breed bred pure accidental intentional exist accepted registry develop new breeds finland stud book remains control impact world war horses central asset finnish military forces winter war continuation war tens thousands horses main locomotive power army shortage automobiles animals private owners systematic procedure ensure continuity breeding nursing pregnant approved enrolled eligible military horses officially remained private owners property marked identification necessary returned reported dead program successful preserving breed horse population rebounded pre war count animals soon great number russian horses captured wartime threat russian animals way ensure new owners practical political reasons soviet russia accept horses finland massive war accepted payment total animals sold soviet russia low rates best offered soviets according witnesses useless horses ended russia post war decline approximately horses existed finland established beginning 20th century horse population consisting entirely remained stable years rebuilding country wars increased demand horse power 1950s breed reached time peak estimated animals great majority horses draught type increased agriculture forestry 1960s number dropped horses having bred large numbers years earlier taken slaughter thousands change forestry tax policy previously state supported horse powered forestry discouraged keeping horses working horse ended lines suitable sports recreation survived 1970s breed numbers declined animals years later existed breed time lowest point horses time overall horse population finland increasing decade lighter harness racing horse breeds establishing position counting animals year breeds increasingly imported bred numbers population slowly began recover existed harness racing associated betting degree relatively new hobby riding important factors ensuring survival breed 21st century nearly finnish horses registered decade 21st century breed numbers finland roughly animals approximately born annually breed makes roughly finland total horse population objective ensuring breed continuity breeding year horses harness racing horses riding uses 21st century bred breed popular riding schools recreational riding relatively unknown horse breed outside finland organised efforts promote internationally word recently coined standard exist outside finland having exported small numbers nations germany sweden equestrian exchange project carried 1980s number sold austria germany germany horses foundation stud went breed dozens selling germany austria number horses exported netherlands german population remains notable outside finland animals apart exchange project late 1980s activity export minimal study stated increased international interest demand ensure survival breed end objectives national breeding program include increasing international recognition generating demand breed recreational educational uses standard breed finland equestrian tourism improve opportunities participate swedish norwegian heats finland considered value national horse breed cultural ties strong support variety organisations hand progress breed internationally complicated low population lack international recognition strengths breed international disciplines considered good health working qualities versatility novelty value outside finland versatility breed universal horse type finnish concept creates challenge marketing vague status buyers currently tend seek conventional horse types result lacks strong advantage specialized breeds versatility advantage specialised breeds limited smaller range activities influence horse breeds 14th 16th century finnish horses exported russian germany quantities eventually restrictions number exports set finnish horses exported russia early 19th century influenced development horse 19th century early 20th century horses finnish origin creating baltic russian agricultural draught breeds lithuanian draught cases breeds developed finnish horses small local horses increasing size 1920s 1930s breeding horse heavy horse bred horse stud book closed 1950s traces influence found soviet russian work horse breeds mid-20th century finland exported horses soviet russia war 1960s 1970s pony sized improve quality gene pool highly 1960s horse mid-19th century manor owners estonia found native small agricultural needs came conclusion population benefit finnish horses good quality breeds considered job state stud farm founded central base new breed finnish bought needs finnish horses produced mainly later offspring finnish prove good expected stud gradually stopped finnish horses finnish arabian stallion noteworthy influence modern day horse widely great grandson uses 21st century approximately percent point lives harness racing riding second popular use multiple uses starting career harness racing later moving riding perform competitions open breed classes jumping endurance riding western riding combined driving approximately riding schools riding therapy popular pleasure horses draft work agricultural forestry work traditional uses bred particularly large heavy draught horse horse breed country versatility desired primary cavalry climate conditions finland necessitated breed hardy result remained small tough pull heavy loads difficult terrain chest deep snow relative size powerful world best animals able pull percent weight draft type family lines left estimated animals known actual 21st century interest traditional uses methods increasing competitions regularly held usually include horse pulling contests harness historically harness racing organised harness races having held prior racing church home traditional recreation farmers harness racing remained farmer hobby end 1950s time number horses kept finland racing lost popularity longer horse breed allowed race finland faster light breeds introduction betting brought new life harness racing sport increased interest betting led growth racing turn helped establish harness racing main use decades successfully compete combined driving breed sport finland especially regional national levels driven member finnish singles driving team finished 2nd world singles championships france according suited combined driving focused hard working possessing cool nerves riding popular recreational riding horses suited use riding schools riding therapy horses currently employed mounted police considered bit small job competitive disciplines 1970s separate competition classes established horse shows helped increase popularity breed horse racing slow compete directly sport horse breeds highly reliable mount cross country riding particularly difficult terrain continuation war breed successfully crossed wetland confronted endurance riding ridden successfully finished endurance riding world championship competition stockholm sweden finishing 28th considered reliable fairly good regularly seen centimetres jumping classes successful lower levels clean efficient shorter stride keeps competing advanced levels book olympic rider described enduring mentally focused easy keeper considered jumping breed best asset riding animal noted scope reach level required modern international competition able compete national levels lower levels upper hand easily perform required movements allow ease riding international competition higher level breed hindered movement restricted somewhat upright shoulder despite successful horses number earn notable achievement competing finland expensive prize money low compete national 4th level grade individuals competed prix level suited riding therapy calm steady hard working healthy enduring small allow patient assisted easily large stimulate muscles senses balance rider trained driving familiar unusual noises controlled inexpensive find appearance
Finnhorse