february better known big bill founding member leader member executive committee decades 20th century involved important labor battles including lawrence textile strike textile strikes massachusetts new_jersey advocate industrial labor philosophy favors organizing workers industry union regardless specific trade skill level contrast craft unions prevalent time belief workers united clashed unions strong preference direct action political tactics alienated contributed recall party executive committee shy violent conflicts frequently target prosecutors trial murder acquitted drew national attention members convicted violating espionage act prison appeal conviction fled spent remaining years life biography early life born salt_lake_city utah territory father rider died pneumonia years old maternal grandfather born age injured right eye knife permanently right eye damaged eye replaced glass eye photographed turn head left profile year began working mines having received formal education brief cowboy returned mining high profile events gradual demise strike fostered interest labor movement involvement president spoke idaho silver working inspired speech signed member formally beginning involvement america labor movement immediately active member national union secretary treasurer number position president year involved colorado labor wars struggle centered mining district lasted years took lives union non union workers initiated series strikes designed extend benefits union workers suffered brutal working conditions starvation wages defeat strikes led belief big union organized industrial lines bring broader working class support labour struggles foundation late prominent labor met chicago illinois lay plans new revolutionary union manifesto written sent country agreed manifesto invited attend convention found new union june addressed crowd assembled chicago audience delegates organizations country representing miners industrial rebel workers opened convention industrial workers world following speech fellow workers working class confederate workers country working class movement shall purpose emancipation working class slave capitalism aims objects organization shall working class possession economic power means life control machinery production distribution regard capitalist masters speakers convention included leader mother jones organizer foundation aggressively involved labor movement murder trial december killed explosion idaho home governor idaho clashed previous strikes member acted president bodyguard arrested crime evidence found hotel room famed detective helped destroy placed charge investigation trial ordered orchard placed death row restricted food rations constant surveillance prepared investigation met orchard lunch followed detective told orchard escape immediate hanging implicated leaders addition threat hanging promised food better treatment possible freedom possible financial reward orchard detective obtained page confession orchard suspect took responsibility string crimes seventeen murders writer charged papers falsely stated leaders scene murder cross state lines denver colorado arrest idaho law conspirators considered present scene crime arrived denver thursday february presented papers colorado governor mcdonald prior arrangement governor idaho accepted immediately waited saturday evening arrest held overnight denver jail refused requests contact lawyers family early sunday morning prisoners special train guarded colorado militia sped idaho writer described kidnapping scheme idaho courts denver intervene events extraordinary president little good directed union raise funds defense denied corpus appeal ruling arrest legal justice trial began famed chicago defense attorney defending government testimony orchard confessed bomber defendants orchard past admitted violent history exploited trial lead orchard cross examination trial orchard admitted acted paid informant effect working sides admitted accepting money caused explosions mining disputes met final moved courtroom tears jury acquitted subsequent trial conducted powerful cross examination orchard falling ill withdrawing trial leaving judge denver charge defense second jury acquitted charges dropped despite radical views emerged trial national reputation called lincoln labor colorful background appearance known blunt statements capitalism capitalist heart said draw blood time began speech noting tonight going speak class struggle going plain lawyer understand flair dangerous quoted newspapers justify wholesale arrests good said like word suggests stripping capitalist taking away got good deal force thing taking withdrew remained member organizations murder trial celebrity demand speaker increasingly radical speeches odds april announced union ended role union representative left devoted time organizing left organizing time lawrence textile strike lawrence massachusetts garnered national attention january textile mill workers lawrence left jobs protest lowered wages week thousand workers strike presence lawrence assumed leadership strike authorities responded calling police strike quickly escalated violence local leaders jailed charges murdering nineteen witnesses later said killed police gunfire martial law declared response organizers arrived charge strike weeks personally approved strike tactical innovations chief decision send hungry children sympathetic families new_york vermont hearing immigrants european tactic prolonged strikes decided lawrence history announcements socialist newspapers host families screened willing send children care strangers february group bid parents guide boarded train new_york children arrived safely manhattan evening taken labor hall soon food clothes stay new_york seven weeks despite excellent treatment officials lawrence shocked scarcely believe strike leaders thing lawrence mayor said lawrence easily cared children denounced press children exodus gained widespread publicity city lawrence look bad police mayor allowed smaller contingents children leave occasions plans crack february attempted send children away police ready melee women children forcibly separated police clubs dozens offspring jailed national outrage resulted wrote lawrence authorities blind mill owners mad called police response headed exhibition incompetence deal strike situation possible recall incident led congressional hearing attention president nationwide publicity pressured mill owners march owners agreed demands officially ending strike finished lawrence despite end strike remained prison threatened authorities strike saying open jail gates close mill gates legal efforts day strike september prompt authorities drop charges indicted lawrence strike funds kept returning city eventually led arrest november acquitted release treated massive demonstration public support involvement years active member largely political views campaigned presidential election traveling train country represented delegate congress second international organization working international socialism elected aggressive tactics abolition wage system overthrow capitalism created tension moderate oriented members focused direct action strikes led violence concerned political tactics quoted speaking public meetings new_york_city effect advocated use ballot workers instead favored tactics direct action initiative recalling launched new_york february recall approved margin following defeat left ranks joined thousands members labor involvement involved silk strike approximately arrested course strike despite long fundraising efforts strike ended failure july headlines staged strike madison square garden actual appeared onstage strike going celebrity progressive circles began intellectual salon wearing hat writers artists avant garde espionage trial frequently clashed government labor actions onset world war gave federal government opportunity action newly passed justification raided meeting halls september approval president proceeded arrest members hinder draft encourage connection labor disputes april arrested members began trial presided judge trial lasted months longest criminal trial time testified days defendants found guilty fourteen sentenced years prison despite efforts supporters unable conviction bail appeal fled russia officials taken surprise jumped bail attorney declaring committed far labor movement concerned run away bond posted millionaire supporter result flight life soviet russia soviet russia labor advisor government served position participated founding autonomous industrial colony visitors small moscow apartment later years recalled felt lonely depressed expressed desire return united_states took russian wife communicate sign language spoke language death died moscow hospital stroke brought alcoholism diabetes half ashes buried wall containing half ashes sent chicago buried near labor philosophy industrial official convinced system working people described execution leaders turning point life membership largest organization day watched men die unsafe tunnels marched suffered hand injury mines found support came miners listened addressing group miners discovered radical welcomed shared skepticism role played criticized labor officials view supportive labor example recalled disdain opening remarks leader appeared illinois governor behalf prisoners differed life principles methods condemned advocate craft idea workers separated unions according skills organize workers skilled furthermore vice president dedicated harmony collaboration capital organized labor convinced experiences striking railroad workers different union philosophy form industrial necessary workers obtain justice apparent craft organized locomotive kept engines running helping employers break strike called railroad engineers head locomotive union resigned create organized include railroad workers june voted join solidarity ongoing strike railroad traffic nation largely paralyzed effectiveness industrial form evident start strike eventually crushed massive government intervention included deputy state federal troops chicago attempted seek help asked railroad brotherhood present following proposition return work body condition restored positions event failure general strike observing officials viewed plight rival organization opportunity bolster railway instructed help spite perceived double cross leadership members organization risk refused help try end strike draw power workers crossing trade lines boundaries join fight capital greatly impressed described revelation power great rift light industrial union principles later confirmed defeat creek strike believed insufficient labor solidarity miners sought extend benefits union mill workers processed ore government crushed railroad workers organized craft lines similar railroad unions continued haul ore mines run strike breakers mills run strike breakers form connecting link proposition ends complained fight entering year won weeks fact trade unions lending assistance operators obvious solution workers join union collective action concert employers referred criticism later echoed revolutionary industrial broader effective method conducting strikes grew working class respect working people genuine quickly angered arrogance employers spoken orders having met days interested railway leader new passion socialism belief formulated new motto labor produces wealth wealth belongs producer thereof observed government frequently took business defeat tactics aspirations miners organizing drive pay cuts issue company hired spies fired organizers pro union miners frustrated miners responded violence men killed martial law declared strike seven years earlier soldiers acted strike breakers rounded hundreds union members formal charges infested warehouse services year crowded soldiers locked overflow prisoners local union leader imprisoned years considered brutal conditions manifestation class warfare miners agreed convention complete revolution social economic conditions salvation working classes struggle colorado martial law force national_guard recorded clarified relationship operator enforcement army provided courtesy colorado governor workers union attorneys asked courts free illegally imprisoned declared corpus damned post reminded constitution bell junior officers declared hell constitution going constitution general bell manager coal mines strike taking place wasn surprise soldiers working interests employers seen situation colorado legislature acknowledged complaints organized labor passed hour law colorado supreme court declared unconstitutional took issue voters percent state voters approved referendum colorado government ignored results referendum members clear government favored companies direct action organized workers secure hour day miners decided strike hour day rounded gunpoint groups expelled communities issued arrest law breaking acted complained wielding power golf sticks people colorado ballots appeared deck stacked enduring gains won workers short changing rules game increasingly industrial took revolutionary flavor joined left leaning labor tradition militant concept revolutionary industrial animated called philosophy socialism working clothes favored direct action socialist philosophy supporter called hard labor instincts murder trial come believe seldom joined forces desperate political struggles continued champion direct action advocated political action favored mechanism change relevant october meeting stated advocate industrial ballot address workers textile industries east great majority foreigners political representation speak american west advocate industrial political ballot industrial ballot referred direct action methods strikes etc comfortable philosophy arrived hard experiences workers ability translate complex economic theories simple ideas working people work simple observation man dollar didn work man worked dollar didn respected work referred humor acknowledging dangerous mining work numerous police militia liked read capital marks capital demonstrated roots confronted argument private property responded capitalist property merely represented unpaid labor surplus value forum gave opportunity compare philosophy socialist parties reminded commission advocated ownership industries state remembered autobiography drawn clear distinction industry owned workers observed racial unity labor movement philosophy relating socialism idea industrial craft saw wage system attitude corporations militia politicians held common mentor called legislation employment aliens unlike labor leaders organizations time believed workers organize union according big black man white man big organization strong state boundaries national boundaries spoke convention louisiana time meetings state illegal insisted white workers invite african american workers convention declaring work mills black man white man tree meeting convention discuss conditions labor sensible convention law time law broken ignoring law meetings convention invited african american workers convention eventually vote affiliate works industrial socialism chicago general strike chicago speech march book autobiography big bill new_york reissued
Bill Haywood