capital nigeria located southeastern nigeria city population according disputed census nearly million according estimates derived words meaning hill denoting city hilly geography city named coal found 17th century location present day inhabited people retains village old southern nigeria established colonial administration british_empire discovery coal led building railway carry coal inland city port port city created purpose located miles south called renamed simply developed cities west_africa created european contact coal miners significant coal mining activities left city capital nigeria independence succession territorial adjustments led capital declared capital short lived republic known capital captured armed forces capital moved industries city include urban market industries preferred filming location directors movie industry dubbed main airport main educational establishment city campus based town north state history early history settlement area small village present era atlantic slave trade language means strength power slave raiding people acquired lands unsettled slaves defence strategy placing slave camps edge territories harder enemy access free born people allied people formed organisation controlled slave trading area people came trade south people came trade north traders provided horses rituals migrated forth city considered foreigners area british campaign invade open british military political rule carried war british officially started december lasting till march defeated confederacy ended rest dominated areas added colony southern nigeria declared europeans arrived area british australian led exploration search especially valued mineral resources supervision london coal found village areas coal confirmed quantities viable commercially colonial government merged northern form colony nigeria british began talks indigenous people land acquisition order lay railway build houses built area temporary settlement consisting traditional mud housing inhabited europeans settlement known alfred alfred hill alfred camp inhabited leader indigenous labourers labourers located land acquisition british governor general nigeria time named built hills coal camp distinguish city atop west coal area opened shut years later replaced valley major coal mining area significant west_africa railway connecting port completed order export coal city created purpose cities west_africa created contact europeans parts reserved europeans set colonial government area known government reserved area located north alongside section developed african residents located south river built area comprised areas city officially gained township status african city rapid influx workers sparked development camps hills near coal mines administrative capital number employed coal miners grew men population rose sharply population city reached mining turbulent demonstrated events november striking miners shot killed wounded police british governance massacre came known valley shooting nationalist sentiments especially post world war movement created admiration prominent nationalist shooting right period unrest miners angered belief pay held management belief pushed nationalist press tried use valley shooting fuel agenda push british administration viewed nigeria independence war municipality mayor years passed nigeria gained independence government divided western northern states capital new declared capital short lived republic created eastern states rivers declared eastern sentiment separate nigeria members involved series ethnic clashes ethnic groups parts country main rivals people lead northern western nigeria return native areas eastern nigeria destination alternatively based leader broadcast speeches propaganda nigeria war witnessed decrease number specifically non eastern residents october military bombarded artillery outside boundaries capturing week later shortly new capital republic years reverted nigeria regarded resumed capital republic dissolved february east central state new states states nigeria capital august military dictatorship divided old new states remained capital newly created capital new geography topography despite meaning hill lies foot hill located basin trough best developed coal area basement rock region sediments bearing coal cretaceous age coal coal district measure metres thickness reserves estimated million tonnes hills extreme reach elevation metres highlands surrounding sandstone stretching ravaged soil erosion geological features include lake near built aria rivers largest rivers located city largest body water urban reservoir contributes city domestic water supply climate located tropical rain forest zone derived savannah city tropical climate climate humid humidity highest march november mean daily temperature rest west_africa rainy season dry season weather periods average annual rainfall millimetres arrives intermittently heavy rainy season weather conditions affecting city include dusty trade wind lasting weeks december january like rest nigeria hot year round architecture tallest building tower stories tower built late 50s founded president nigeria country independence united_kingdom october opening building took place april tall buildings include hotel presidential opened august seven story building contains rooms located hotel presidential cost million build commissioned government serve visiting businessmen officials tourists middle michael square dedicated premier eastern region square located coal mines outskirts city majority closed mines located near neighbouring town valley coal accessed road linking coal mines located mines located periphery city near architectural design early years hands british colonial administration architecture consequently european english cottage housing victorian houses housing europeans colonial civil servants early 20th century europeans started trying adapt architecture tropical climate examples european styles visible churches colonial era stained glass windows depicting europeans roads reflective british rule city narrow roads preserved dating incorporation city low rent bedroom flats cities known face face way group flats face form square compound entrance lead government city covers local government areas local government council exists seats manages sectors including primary education health elected executive chairman group elected form heads local government area split rural urban parts executive chairman include south urban south rural represent state house assembly survey town planning state level local government level responsible administration urban lands town planning government state based federal level city split congressional areas represented east represented representatives sunday governor demographics according census metropolitan area estimated population estimate population estimates cities disputed accusations population inflation favour northern country population predominantly christian rest southeastern nigeria like rest nigeria people speak english alongside dominant language region case dominant language english mix english indigenous words ethnic diversity diversity cultural linguistic terms northern cluster region includes towns cities like indigenous people include live areas surrounding hotel presidential groups include people live mainly areas people live west city farm lands valley people live areas city non indigenous people migrants parts cultural area majority people significant ethnic group found present groups include people crime crime rate rose kidnapping armed robbery rates increased southeastern nigeria specifically september december state government sought check high kidnapping rates passing bill february kidnapping use weapon capital offence bill passed unanimously arrests city september december september october november december accused committing capital offences included kidnapping motives primarily financial went millions chief press secretary ransom set high million million dollars june dropping million million released ransom paid refusal government negotiate crime rest nigeria attributed unemployment culture city shares cultural traits neighbouring towns important traditional festivals place annually festival new festival festival takes place november features types festival held stadium parade carnival like accompanied music supported second important festival new festival known held august october marking harvesting new root vegetable staple crop cultural symbol people recently created festivals include festival arts managed festival highlights african culture traditions included parade events festival arts started festival transferring traditional village surroundings urban setting diana princess wales notable spectator cultural shows visited city tourism industry managed small state government recognises variety historic recreational sites sites include places like hills majority city viewed polo amusement park generation public parks city parks city include coal mines open public visits spots include garden old government lodge course attraction city divided botanical garden section located near north receives visitors managed galleries include entertainment music rose important centre music nigeria 1950s dominated version genre grew earlier blues palm wine music spread popularity considerable influence arts culture towns prominent musicians origins include musician born raised joined band based city joined based paradise rhythm orchestra creating band recreational club city musicians include hip hop musician partly grew studied music city notable musicians originating include rapper musician media literature english language newspapers published sold include renaissance new renaissance earliest newspapers published eastern sentinel published failed city television radio stations network affiliate headquarters located independence layout network affiliate station broadcasts english state owned television broadcasting company offers hours continuous broadcasting weekends preferred city shooting films nigeria film production centre east hosted film festival state held hotel presidential festival intent highlight film making hub africa including movie prizes different film categories nigeria known writers born lived city writer lived year book published moved city civil war escaping family time met friends poet started publishing house titles dog leopard got claws lived early months civil war home contained unpublished writings destroyed bombing early war writer half winner born grew sports rangers division professional league association football team home team plays premier league based stadium rangers players include main sports centre stadium named president nigeria stadium remained centre sports civil war broke war end stadium refurbished host world cup games october november alongside cities matches taking place stadium hosting benefited renovation stadium having things new artificial surface laid economy nicknamed coal city economy early 20th century depended coal mining plateau industry pushing force city growth based creation controlled coal mining creation connected sea port south later connected city north brought widespread devastation forced decline coal production damage destruction equipment coal mining longer major source income mines lay unused minerals mined include iron ore limestone fine clay marble sand goods sold open markets street significant number street nigeria children year olds equally boys girls hawk street hour main urban markets market major market sale market merchants surrounding area including merchants cities like market non food goods sold soft drink industries city mercedes assembly plant production manufacturing machinery pottery tiles steel cement petroleum period time head office grounds famed producing half world total output palm civil war production markedly declined largely plantations processing equipment damaged destroyed production important cash crops oil rubber cotton cotton seed timber civil war subsequent oil boom years consequently area called rest nigeria self sufficient net agricultural produce import food education main institutions notable institution city home notable secondary schools include built built comprehensive secondary school school university nigeria university located city healthcare health care services obtained institutions including teaching hospital located avenue street centre presidential close organization located street trans layout specialist hospitals include hospitals privately run government controlled hospitals city medical equipment upgraded parts hospital renovated year hospitals city suffer poor standard medical facilities available city citizens travel abroad medical care hospitals aided foreign organisations community home abroad donated medicine medical equipment developed government hospital governor said state bought ambulance service vehicles march established free medical care pregnant women children years age state child healthcare programme founded added states budget hiv aids prevalence highest country transport located narrow gauge railway linked city port train station national stadium dating coal mining origins located street main forms transportation city taxi buses served public transportation city state government banned use april transport enters leaves city serves transport pick point known differentiated registered ones lack yellow paint vehicles introduced taxi job scheme coal city help poverty city registered provided state government registered provided given loan unemployed citizens city operate taxi drivers vehicles payments completed buses capacity passengers seated standing introduced buses march run public transport urban main airport state accessed buses renovations began november upgrade accommodate wide bodied aircraft plans include extending metre runway metres kilometres long runway widened metres estimated project cost million dollars june highway opened 1970s links cities passing major urban settlement goes past north link city highways east west makes site major junction
Enugu