pronunciation serbian river right tributary danube flows croatia northern border serbia danube belgrade central natural border croatia forms northern border southern edge kilometres miles long including kilometre rising greatest tributary danube volume water second largest terms area square kilometres square miles length drains significant portion region major tributaries longest rivers europe handful european rivers length drain directly sea population basin estimated connects national capitals belgrade larger vessels confluence croatia approximately thirds length course located flowing croatia serbia border total length kilometres miles including kilometre kilometre proper right tributary danube river belongs black_sea drainage basin longest tributary danube slightly shorter kilometre kilometre danube longest tributaries excluded course largest tributary danube discharge river course describe northern boundary balkans southern border breakup yugoslavia river located completely inside yugoslav borders longest river entire course country source rises west region metres feet sea level flows east past turns southeast river enters encounters hydroelectric dam plant proceeding east glacial confluence metres feet downstream proceeds southeast course comprises lake built power plants flows capital reservoir located river adjacent river course turns east leaves metres feet confluence course continues passes mining industrial town mining towns turns southeast runs towns course hills forms boundary traditional regions hydroelectric dam reservoir located site uses water dissipate excess heat easternmost stretch course runs south joined river ultimately border river croatia marking kilometres miles border near confluence point reaches metres feet flowing kilometres miles border westernmost kilometre river course croatia takes river east western area encompasses forests interspersed marshes lakes formed gravel pits approaches capital croatia marshes way urban landscape surviving examples gravel pit lakes city western outskirts western terminus kilometre flood relief canal connecting plain intended act flood control retention basin canal built response destructive flooding river occurred city flooded people killed city marks western extent basin area especially prone flooding spanning confluence river belgrade serbia east river turns southeast city reaching metres feet city marks westernmost extent larger vessels navigation conditions river poor limited draft width river bridge clearance restrictions poor markings presence sunken vessels objects including ordnance ordnance left conflicts including world war croatian war independence war nato bombing yugoslavia reaching confluence metres feet traces nature park encompassing marshes frequently flooded tributaries area downstream confluence tracing international border croatia course turns generally eastwards turns south river resumes predominantly eastward course confluence right bank segment course belongs bosnia administrative entities having gateway river opposite bank belongs croatia counties area downstream belongs serbia province cities segment course span river represents international frontier adjacent settlements located different countries divided include croatia opposite kilometre segment marking corresponding entire length flowing border exhibits small change elevation metres feet metres feet kilometres miles river entire course river downstream flows slope average significantly steep course average slope exceeds resulting course running wide plain bordered wetlands danube downstream confluence changes eastward course northeast reaches flows southeast south finally turning east belgrade river course serbia represents border province left bank right bank exceptions area banks downstream suburb belgrade banks river forms wetlands significant wetland lake river forms large islands segment course largest acre belgrade connected right bank pair artificial embankment dams forming lake danube reaching metres feet right tributary great war island easternmost tip belgrade kilometres miles away danube confluence black_sea settlements population basin estimated includes capitals belgrade located directly river banks represent largest settlements found course belgrade located confluence river largest city basin urban population municipalities city situated combined population suburban settlements added belgrade metropolitan area encompasses population second largest city river comprising population living city city administered area largely corresponding definitions city metropolitan area combined population largest city banks encompassing population living city city governed area largest city situated course urban population estimated cities river populations larger est watershed basin covers total area square kilometres square miles making second largest danube tributary area size surpassed basin encompasses danube basin draining black_sea represents longest tributary danube largest tributary discharge area borders remainder danube basin north east adriatic_sea basin west south river basin generally consists parts croatia montenegro serbia small area belonging albania topography basin varies significantly upstream portion basin rugged downstream basin topography particularly apparent comparing right left bank areas dominated alps reaching elevations excess metres feet dominated mean elevation basin metres feet major tributaries important tributaries found upper basin characterized relatively steep grades flow high flow left tributaries right tributaries downstream larger rivers right bank basin grows steadily right tributaries lower segment basin start fast flowing courses slow enter include left tributaries lower segment drain plains consequently exhibiting steep course grades lower flow rates include kilometre largest tributary flowing border country serbia formed border montenegro near square kilometre extends parts countries reaching far south albania river basins second largest tributaries surpassing square kilometres square miles size average annual flow rate immediately downstream confluence stands cubic metres cubic feet second downstream confluence average flow rate reaches cubic metres cubic feet second gradually increasing tributaries discharge course cubic metres cubic feet second downstream cubic metres cubic feet second following discharge cubic metres cubic feet second downstream confluence cubic metres cubic feet second river finally cubic metres cubic feet second confluence belgrade highest flow rate cubic metres cubic feet second recorded station seven largest basin located largest cubic kilometre lake eponymous river montenegro created construction overall holding cubic metres cubic feet water basin situated directly including primarily exclusively electricity generation supply drinking water industrial water source irrigation food production important resource basin generally public water supply water source water industrial use aquatic ecosystems identified significant bodies basin basin wide importance ranging area size square kilometres square miles numerous minor ground water bodies waters considered largely located fourteen croatia seven serbia montenegro geology course runs diverse geological units regions course river area situated tracing fault running parallel rocks exposed region represents boundary valleys glacial valleys carved glaciers advancing range vicinity present day late pleistocene largest territory present day metres feet thick southeast east thought separating forming hills east west oriented younger folding considered taken place possible activity continues present day largely exhibit rocks sediments lower course located reached western rim took shape crust structures formed late structures visible mountains processes led formation chain basin million years ago intensified observed flood contemporary prevented water flowing black_sea formed basin sediments transported basin uplifting mountains particularly deep sediments deposited pleistocene ultimately metres feet sediment deposited basin sea eventually drained iron gate gorge southern sediment depth normally lower averaging metres feet central parts depressions formed zone formed present day valley approximately metres feet deep sediments deposited depression metres feet depression results processes large plains valley valley plains interspersed structures believed broken surface islands watershed basins extending mountain chain flanked hills eastern rim consist rocks million years old consists recent rocks million years old east chain watershed runs plateau extending eastward representing watershed rivers gradually rises south economy electric power generation hydroelectric power plants power generation capacity exceeding basin located countries hydroelectric power plants situated tributaries total power generation capacity power plants additional smaller plants largely found amounts annual production capacity stands approximately cubic kilometres cubic miles water year river basin cool nuclear power plants power plant cooling represents main type use waters october existing hydroelectric power plants built upstream power plants located downstream capital additional plant construction near hydroelectric power plant additional plants planned course downstream completed power plants downstream developed chain plants production capacity year installed capacity completion power plants expected cost million plans construction new middle valley croatia planning construction hydroelectric power plants area plants scheduled completed cost million power plants installed capacity annual production capacity water supply food production use water public water supply basin estimated cubic metres cubic feet year cubic metres cubic feet water year industrial production purposes use water agriculture basin relatively high applied non uses fish farming use water irrigation relatively low estimated cubic metres cubic feet year commercial fishing decline middle 20th century commercial fishermen recreational fishing dominant decline rapid wars croatia reducing quantity fish caught river approximately pre war catches ranged tonnes long tons short tons cooperative body established croatia serbia montenegro tasked establishment sustainable management surface water resources basin navigation ports larger vessels kilometres miles confluence danube belgrade serbia bridge croatia kilometres miles upstream confluence rivers confluence marks westernmost point river course designated class international compliance europe european agreement main inland classification means river course belgrade ships maximum length metres feet maximum beam metres feet maximum draught metres feet inches tonnes long tons short tons downstream designated european branching spanning rhine largest ports croatia serbia kilometres miles river course additional kilometres miles considered croatia fail class criteria permitting navigation vessels tonnes long tons short tons category iii section especially troublesome navigation offers centimetres inches draught average year causing navigation cease summer similar frequent river occurring days year average upstream rarely downstream restricted draft compounded river course limiting length vessels low bridge clearance problems incurred poor transport infrastructure route including poor navigation markings presence sunken vessels munitions navigation kilometres miles river upstream near possible vessels tonnes long tons short tons section river belongs category plans restoration category downstream navigation infrastructure upgrading belgrade matching danube navigation year plan planned supported european_union october agreement implement plan signed croatia serbia invited join project plan aims increase safety volume river transport declined breakup yugoslavia largely poor maintenance route tasked establishment international regime navigation river road rail pipeline transport valley route road rail traffic river valley routes forming junctions area belgrade forming area croatia serbia represent european route belgrade european route largely double track railroad railway electrification system corridor railroad orient express routes river course belgrade north spanned bridges valley east route crude oil pipeline system connects port oil terminal oil sad serbia environment pollution main pressure basin environment generated activities urban population basin nearly population centres generating pollution population equivalent sort sewage treatment place quarter adequate basin settlements generating goes pollution levels vary river best conditions terms treatment found existing facilities inadequate serbia hand population centres treatment facilities population centres exceeding directly discharge basin surface waters tonnes nitrogen tonnes agriculture significant source basin surface water pollution specifically livestock production estimated nutrient pollution levels generated production equal tonnes nitrogen tonnes year consequence areas affected nutrient pollution river course belgrade acceptable freshwater counts exceeded levels industrial pollution vary significantly basin significant sources industrial pollution identified serbia levels lead measured exceed permitted concentrations measured levels mercury exceeded permitted levels samples levels heavy metals specifically copper lead measured sediments near belgrade assessed representing little risk conclusion drawn order reduce existing contamination necessary control discharge near cities like belgrade countries croatia montenegro greatest direct access adriatic showed far basin surface waters factors agricultural environmental development especially investment internal external play role protected areas basin significant biological diversity contains large wetlands lowland forests led designation protected areas provisions convention countries basin croatia lake serbia sport recreation sports recreational grounds located river course gravel pit artificial lakes adjacent located right bank suburb built permanent course hosts major international competition year examples canoe world championships complex lakes river course offers range facilities swimming water sports cycling island belgrade major recreational zone city gathering visitors daily summer months site include rowing taking place sailing river site swimming marathon open water swimming competition running kilometre course village city serbia competition held annually included international calendar recreational sport fishing popular activity course metres feet long sport fishing competition ground near tradition common south especially form personal male female slavic tone river slavic celtic roman origin latin entirety lower river gods area traced late bronze age settlements founded associated river goddess inscriptions dedicated river god found number locations river course including rises number roman settlements built roman road spanning danube settlements include near modern day respectively upstream confluence built atop prehistoric settlement modern day belgrade downstream altar found inscriptions sites dedicated found remains years completion fountain male figures sculpted parts fountain identified statues river gods early 20th century fountain named fountain rivers baptism national epic written romantic poet poem referring title inspired design coat arms lines base represent rivers adriatic_sea specifically represented coat arms kingdom design approved incorporates bars rivers tracing borders kingdom design inspired arms present day counties croatia region coat arms croatia referred poem written national symbol croatia modified lyrics poem later croatian anthem
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