october november american politician diplomat activist longest serving lady united_states having held post march april husband president terms office served united_states delegate president later called lady world tribute human rights achievements roosevelt member prominent american roosevelt families niece president unhappy childhood having suffered deaths parents brothers young age attended london deeply influenced feminist returning married fifth cousin removed marriage complicated beginning franklin controlling mother discovering affair husband roosevelt resolved seek public life persuaded franklin stay politics stricken cost use legs roosevelt began giving speeches appearing campaign events place following franklin election governor new_york remainder franklin public career government roosevelt regularly public appearances behalf lady husband served president significantly role office tenure future ladies widely respected later years roosevelt controversial lady particularly stance racial issues presidential hold press conferences write syndicated newspaper column speak national convention occasions publicly disagreed husband policies launched experimental community west_virginia families unemployed miners later widely regarded failure advocated expanded roles women workplace civil rights african americans asian americans rights world war refugees following husband death roosevelt remained active politics rest life pressed united_states join support united_nations delegate served chair oversaw drafting universal declaration human rights later chaired administration status women time death roosevelt regarded women world called object universal respect new_york_times obituary ranked ninth list widely admired people 20th century personal life early life born west 37th street manhattan new_york_city early age preferred called middle eleanor father niece president roosevelt mother niece tennis champions hall iii acted old fashioned manner child mother nicknamed eleanor younger brothers hall half brother father affair servant employed family roosevelt born world immense wealth privilege family new_york high society called swells mother died december died disease following father alcoholic confined died august jumping window fit survived fall died seizure brother hall suffer alcoholism eleanor childhood losses left prone depression life deaths parents eleanor raised household maternal grandmother family new_york pulitzer prize winning biography describes childhood insecure affection considered ugly roosevelt wrote prospects life totally dependent physical beauty matter plain woman truth loyalty stamped face attracted roosevelt privately age encouragement aunt family sent private finishing school outside london england noted feminist educator sought independent thinking young women took special interest roosevelt learned speak french gained self confidence cousin term overlapped eleanor said arrived school eleanor school beloved everybody roosevelt wished continue summoned home grandmother social debut age roosevelt returned united_states ending formal education presented ball hotel december later given coming party roosevelt active shortly founding teaching dancing east organization brought roosevelt attention friend organization founder male relative criticized group drawing young women public activity marriage family life summer eleanor encountered father fifth cousin train new_york began secret correspondence romance engaged november franklin mother opposed union promise engagement officially announced year know pain caused franklin wrote mother decision added know mind known long time know think took son caribbean cruise hoping separation romance franklin remained determined wedding date set accommodate president agreed bride away eleanor married franklin march wedding groom wedding date selected sitting president mind scheduled new_york day parade signed marriage certificate witness gave niece eleanor away father died years garnered attention press attendance ceremony page news including new_york_times asked thoughts roosevelt roosevelt union said good thing family couple spent preliminary honeymoon week park set apartment new_york summer went formal honeymoon month tour europe returning settled new_york_city house provided franklin mother family estate overlooking hudson_river new_york beginning eleanor contentious relationship controlling mother law gave eleanor franklin connected sliding doors ran households decade marriage early eleanor breakdown explained franklin like live house way represent way wanted live little changed sought control raising grandchildren eleanor reflected later franklin children mother law children eleanor eldest son james remembered telling grandchildren mother bore mother mother eleanor franklin children december december august march november september october august august march april despite pregnant giving birth times eleanor disliked sex told daughter anna ordeal borne considered ill suited later writing come naturally understand little children enjoy september franklin eleanor discovered bundle love letters social secretary contemplating leaving eleanor following pressure franklin political advisor mother threatened son divorced franklin remained married eleanor union point political partnership disillusioned eleanor active public life focused increasingly social work role wife previous decade august family new_brunswick franklin stricken permanently paralyzed legs extent disability clear eleanor fought protracted battle mother law future stay politics despite retire country gentleman proved turning point eleanor long running struggle eleanor public role grew increasingly broke control tensions eleanor new political friends rose point family constructed cottage eleanor guests lived franklin children away relationships 1930s eleanor close relationship legendary pilot time white_house went party dressed occasion roosevelt close relationship associated_press reporter covered months presidential campaign fell love period roosevelt wrote daily page letters planning write biography lady letters included want arms kiss corner mouth kiss kiss picture good night good morning franklin inauguration eleanor wore ring given fbi director despised roosevelt stance civil rights husband criticisms surveillance tactics maintained large file roosevelt filmmakers biopic indicate included evidence relationship intended blackmail roosevelt compromised reporter soon resigned position closer eleanor secured job investigator new deal program considerable debate roosevelt relationship sexual known white_house press corps time lesbian scholars including asserted physical component relationship biographer argued phrases historians stated pulitzer prize winning account eleanor went kisses determined certainty roosevelt close friends lesbian couples suggesting familiar lifestyle roosevelt childhood teacher great influence later thinking lesbian published roosevelt correspondence concluded simply unusually crush warned historians researcher criticized argument calling book case study arguing presented page page evidence growth development love affair women roosevelt biographer argued relationship fact romantic generating national attention months inauguration eleanor wrote think gossip optimistic suppose care little years washington gossip linked eleanor romantically new deal administrator worked closely roosevelt close relationship new york state police sergeant husband assigned bodyguard roosevelt years old met miller friend official escort taught different sports diving riding coached tennis biographer writes miller eleanor romantic involvement middle years concludes doubt eleanor love earl time unlikely affair eleanor friendship miller happened time husband rumored relationship secretary smith writes remarkably franklin recognized accepted encouraged arrangement eleanor franklin strong people cared greatly happiness realized inability provide eleanor miller relationship said continued death thought corresponded daily letters lost according rumor letters anonymously purchased destroyed locked away died later years eleanor said developed romantic attachment physician likely limited deep friendship public life white_house presidential election franklin nominated democratic vice presidential candidate presidential candidate eleanor joined franklin touring country making campaign appearances cox roosevelt defeated republican won sixteen million votes million following onset franklin eleanor began serving stand husband making public appearances behalf carefully coached started working raising funds support union goals hour work week minimum wage abolition child labor 1920s eleanor increasingly influential leader franklin contacts democratic women strengthen standing winning committed support future campaigned democrat successful election bid governor republican nominee cousin eleanor promoting smith candidacy president franklin nomination democratic_party candidate governor new_york succeeding smith smith lost presidential race franklin won moved governor mansion albany new_york franklin term governor eleanor traveled widely state speeches inspect state facilities behalf reporting findings end trip joined friends buying finishing school offered college preparatory courses new_york_city school roosevelt taught upper level courses american literature history emphasizing independent thought current events social engagement continued teach days week served governor forced leave teaching election president lady united_states inauguration march eleanor lady united_states having known twentieth century previous ladies seriously depressed having assume role traditionally restricted immediate predecessor ended feminist activism lady stating intention backdrop eleanor distress severe subtitled biography roosevelt reluctant lady support howe roosevelt set position process according biographer cook controversial lady united_states history husband strong support despite criticism continued active business speaking agenda begun lady era married women careers presidential hold press conferences speak national party convention wrote widely syndicated newspaper column day year tenure determined match presidential salary eleanor earned lectures writing gave charity receiving lecture fees roosevelt maintained heavy travel schedule years white house frequently making personal appearances labor meetings assure depression era workers white_house plight widely circulated cartoon time new_yorker magazine june coal dark tunnel says worker comes roosevelt early protest group world war veterans marched washington second time years calling veteran bonus certificates awarded early previous year president ordered dispersed army cavalry charged bombarded veterans tear gas time visited veterans muddy listening concerns singing army songs meeting tension veterans administration later commented sent army roosevelt sent wife roosevelt chief project husband terms establishment planned community west_virginia august urging roosevelt visited families homeless miners west_virginia following union activities deeply affected visit roosevelt proposed community miners living farming local manufacturing plant hoped project model new kind community workers better cared husband enthusiastically supported project initial disastrous experiment houses construction began roosevelt specifications time modern convenience including indoor central steam heat families occupied homes june agreed repay government thirty years time roosevelt hoped racially mixed community miners insisted limiting membership white christians losing community vote roosevelt recommended creation communities excluded black jewish miners experience motivated roosevelt outspoken issue racial discrimination roosevelt remained vigorous fundraiser community years spending income project project criticized political left right conservatives condemned socialist communist plot democratic members congress opposed government competition private enterprise secretary interior opposed project citing high family cost continued sink government spending priority federal government sold holdings community loss later commentators generally described experiment failure roosevelt sharply discouraged visit felt town excessively dependent outside assistance residents considered town compared previous circumstances returned economic self roosevelt personally considered project success later speaking improvements saw people lives stating don know think worth half million dollars civil rights activism eleanor important connection franklin administration african american population segregation era despite president desire southern sentiment eleanor vocal support african american civil rights movement experience new deal programs southern states concluded new deal programs african americans received small share relief eleanor voices roosevelt white_house insisting benefits equally extended americans races eleanor broke precedent inviting hundreds african american guests white_house black singer denied use washington constitution hall daughters american revolution eleanor resigned group protest helped arrange concert steps roosevelt later presented anderson king queen united_kingdom anderson performed white_house dinner roosevelt arranged appointment african american educator struck friendship director avoid problems staff visit white_house eleanor meet gate embrace walk arm arm significance helped reform social life involved eyes ears new deal looked future committed social reform programs helped working women receive better wages new deal placed women machine work white collar work women work factories making war supplies men coming home long days nights women working contribute war efforts roosevelt brought unprecedented activism ability role 1st lady eleanor lobbied scenes wagner bill federal crime including arranging meeting franklin president fearing lose votes southern congressional legislative agenda franklin refused publicly support bill proved unable pass senate eleanor worked activist persuade franklin appeal behalf convicted killing white farmer fight franklin sent letter virginia governor urging sentence life imprisonment executed scheduled roosevelt support african american rights unpopular figure whites south rumors spread eleanor clubs formed servants oppose employers eleanor african american men knock white women street evidence found practice race riots broke detroit june critics north south wrote roosevelt blame time grew popular african americans previously reliable republican voting consistent base support democratic_party following japanese attack pearl harbor december roosevelt spoke anti japanese prejudice warning great minority groups privately opposed husband executive order forced japanese americans areas camps widely criticized defense japanese american citizens including los_angeles_times forced retire public life stand issue use media outspoken lady roosevelt far use media predecessors holding press conferences span husband year presidency inspired relationship roosevelt placed ban male reporters attending press conferences effectively forcing newspapers female reporters staff order cover relaxed rule return pacific trip banned women annual journalists roosevelt hosted competing event female reporters white house called interviewed newspapers new_orleans journalist described roosevelt interesting february franklin assumed presidency eleanor published editorial conflicting sharply intended public spending policies published following issue entering white_house signed contract magazine provide monthly column answered mail sent readers feature canceled presidential election approached continued articles venues publishing articles national magazines tenure lady eleanor began syndicated newspaper column titled day appeared days week death column wrote daily activities humanitarian concerns argued roosevelt publications dealt women issues invited reader responses represented conscious attempt use journalism overcome social isolation women making public communication way channel world war germany invaded belgium netherlands marking end relatively conflict free war phase world war began war roosevelt found depressed fearing role fighting domestic justice nation focused foreign affairs briefly considered traveling europe work red_cross presidential advisers pointed consequences president wife captured prisoner war soon found wartime causes work beginning popular movement allow immigration european refugee children lobbied husband allow greater immigration groups persecuted nazis including jews fears fifth caused franklin restrict immigration expanding eleanor successfully secured political refugee status eighty jewish refugees august refused occasions son james later wrote deepest regret end life forced franklin accept refugees war eleanor active home beginning chaired new_york_city mayor working civilian volunteers expanded roles war preparations soon found power struggle preferred focus narrower aspects defense saw solutions broader social problems equally important war effort resigned december eleanor forced resign following anger house_of_representatives high salaries appointments including close friends october roosevelt toured england visiting american troops british forces visits drew enormous crowds received unanimously favorable press august visited american troops morale building tour admiral later said accomplished good person groups civilians passed area roosevelt left shaken deeply depressed seeing war number congressional republicans criticized scarce wartime resources trip prompting franklin suggest break traveling roosevelt supported increased roles women african americans war effort began advocate factory jobs given women year widespread practice urged women social backgrounds learn trades saying age factory factory learn skill useful learning high rate working mothers campaigned government sponsored day care notably supported airmen successful effort black combat pilots visiting alabama request flew chief flight instructor charles chief hour great symbolic value brought visibility pilot training program war eleanor strong proponent plan germany postwar period attended new_york issued statement plans economic political power germany dangerous international security years white_house franklin died april suffering cerebral georgia eleanor later learned mistress died discovery bitter learning daughter anna aware ongoing friendship president funeral eleanor packed moved white_house returning instructions left eleanor event death franklin proposed turning federal government museum spent following months estate arranging transfer death eleanor moved apartment washington square west rented west 56th street lived moved east 62nd street lease expired returned park waited house purchased east street renovated franklin roosevelt presidential library museum opened april setting precedent future presidential libraries united_nations december president appointed eleanor delegate april preliminary human rights eleanor remained commission established permanent basis january played instrumental role drafting universal declaration human rights eleanor spoke favor declaration calling international men speech night september declaration adopted general_assembly december vote unanimous countries south_africa saudi_arabia roosevelt attributed soviet nations article provided right citizens leave countries roosevelt served united_states representative human rights stayed position stepping chair commission posthumously awarded human rights prizes recognition work postwar politics late 1940s democrats new_york country courted roosevelt political office surprised think want run office fitted hold office realized people felt learned husband years public life knew stressed fact women accept responsibility citizens heard offered nomination governor united states senate state vice president particularly humorous souls wrote suggested run woman president united_states simple truth fill public life kind catholics comprised major element democratic_party new_york_city supported trying overthrow irish machine catholics called anti catholic july roosevelt bitter public disagreement cardinal archbishop new_york federal funding schools said anti catholic supporters took sides battle drew national attention remembered hostility hall boss led effort defeat eleanor son election new_york attorney general eleanor grew increasingly disgusted political conduct rest 1950s eventually join old friends form group dedicated opposing efforts eventually successful forced relinquish power president backed new_york governor close associate democratic presidential nomination roosevelt disappointed supported president urged resigned post president roosevelt reservations failure condemn supported president richard_nixon kennedy later united_nations served 1950s roosevelt international role spokesperson women led stop publicly criticizing equal rights amendment era supported president kennedy labor proposed new status women kennedy appointed roosevelt chair commission director died commission issued report concluded female equality best achieved recognition gender differences needs equal rights amendment 1950s roosevelt embarked countless national international speaking engagements continued pen newspaper column appearances television radio broadcasts averaged lectures year fifties devoted activism behalf united_nations volumes roosevelt autobiography begun writing compiled autobiography eleanor roosevelt harper brothers isbn roosevelt received thirty honorary degrees thirteen universities outside united_states speech struggle human rights listed speeches 20th century listed rank speech adoption universal declaration human rights list death tributes april roosevelt diagnosed soon struck car new_york_city given activated dormant case bone tuberculosis died resulting cardiac failure manhattan home east street november age president ordered united_states flags lowered half staff world november tribute roosevelt prominent attendees president kennedy presidents honored roosevelt funeral services november interred husband rose garden roosevelt family home services said single human touched transformed existence adding light curse darkness glow warmed world death family family vacation home governments canada created acre km2 eleanor stone cottage miles east surrounding property acres km2 home death husband residence personally owned formally designated act congress commemorate education inspiration benefit present future generations life work outstanding woman american history eleanor roosevelt monument new_york riverside park dedicated said monument american president wife centerpiece statue sculpted surrounding granite pavement contains inscriptions designed architect including achievements quote speech united_nations advocating universal human rights ancestors
Eleanor Roosevelt