pronunciation ruled death reign marked following years civil war subsequent expansion kingdom neighboring territories initiating unification madagascar rule cultural hero holds near status people considered greatest military political leaders history madagascar took power uncle ruled prior reign locked conflict neighboring provinces kingdom unified king century established capital fortified town site great spiritual cultural political significance designated king original royal visited today position progressively extended domain greater highlands absorbing territories having reigned years time death successfully reunited vastly expanded kingdom intent ultimately unify madagascar rule son heir continued conquests begun decades largely achieved father vision early life birth born short form central madagascar princess daughter king husband noble royal family independent kingdom north mother brother named successor king northern quadrant kingdom born period conflict famine afflicted century end reign king king madagascar central highlands generally enjoyed prosperity expansion civil peace stability unity collapsed divided kingdom favorite sons leading years civil war weakened ability subsequent princes respond effectively pressures slave trading growing population kings long intended extend kingdom north absorbing kingdom kings wished extend land south absorbing marriage parents political alliance contracted strategy threat invasions alliance north marriage agreement stipulated reign son throne pass daughter son alliance royal families represented fair peaceful compromise prince born union rule states unify kingdoms ancestors practiced rarely mixed descendants legendary inhabitants madagascar partial ancestry mother king son queen husband born quarter moon month sign highly birth according popular belief following customs time parents gave humble healthy dog protect attracting undesirable attention jealous rivals evil spirits changed childhood childhood education spent early childhood father court received traditional education including mastery local board game believed develop intelligence ability think strategically young nobles leadership roles typically learned perform stylized form public address including use point young princes learned play bamboo tube reserved nobles age continued education supervision grandfather royal court merchant young man worked merchant traded slaves period gained reputation champion committed defending raids warriors slave traders fighting corruption regarded self man rely privileges prince independence temperament sense justice popular slaves popularity stood contrast public uncle viewed incompetent ruler frequently promises populace future reign led perceived threat authority leading execute citizens territory engaged nephew promises contrary intentions response served turn popular opinion conflict initially intended succeed appears changed following birth son wife persuaded successor disregard father earlier decree consequently attempts nephew killed occasion warned brother managed plot years old conflict men reached turning point decided send group assassins residence brother took action warned flee leave followed advice elder instructed sacrifice ram ancestral protection elder gathered respected men thirty soldiers rallied enforce decree swearing allegiance success coup new king adopted ruling support inhabitants ensured defense city efforts reclaim capital authority rallied people home village fight sides armed spears firearms initial battle saw army defeated sides second confrontation took place night end definitive win morning moved army north sides clashed battle lasted days army lost skirmish retreated village losing battles residents decided submit rid people encouraged travel seek allies defense town departed villagers barred town gates announced desire enforce decree seeking support recapture throne traveled secure alliance time rebuffed conflict came end exiled uncle varying sources report shortly afterward died exile killed followers reign expansion territory historic continuing conquests began establishing control comparatively large highlands madagascar including sacred hills conquered concluded treaties kings shifted kingdom political capital gained allegiance submission territories formed largest extent effectively achieving kings periodically engaged resistance authority disregard treaties concluded prompting launch renewed campaigns eliminate kings began achieved definitive success shortly afterward absorbed previously independent sections kingdom reinforced alliances powerful nobles conquered regions marriage local said women total placed wife house built sacred hills political capital shifted declared spiritual capital conquest greater madagascar half reign marked effort unite island ethnic groups rule effort began sending royal bearing vassal states sovereignty face military conquest focus expansion territory historically inhabited people come rule groups particularly including eastern lands held peoples consolidated power neighboring southern central territories establishing military outposts protect settlers far south mountains kingdoms united result diplomatic efforts included western region rejected offers actively resisted domination territories likewise resisted managed preserve hold area gradual conquest surrounding lands army vigorously opposed remained major threat people reign bands mounted slave raids brought captured coast sale european slave traders armies mounted repeated incursions nearly breached capital city occasion launched campaigns successful sought establish peace marriages intended form political alliances achieving lasting peace end slave raids certain nobles members royal family posed threat rule fallen king attempt life assassination attempt informant learned conspiracy chance rewarded informant marrying daughter son future king furthermore declared child union line succession marriage produce children following death royal wife rule madagascar years queen authority threatened adopted son plotted kill efforts failed attempted assassinate discovered executed governance beginning ruled expanding kingdom traditional capital credited major development reorganization city vision capital serve kingdom model urban planning replicated new territory keeping sacred symbolism associated height space cardinal orientation retained royal compound crest highest hill city center urban space expanded undertook significant expansion sacred compound improved buildings included reconstruction throne kingdom built king early royal residence houses residences palace principal residence moved capital representatives ethnic groups recently conquered specified neighborhoods city social class designated districts slaves lived south direction royal servant class lived southeast important clans allotted district west royal compound seven sub classes nobles assigned district sacred north northeast palace broad district structure clan assigned specific neighborhood orientation roughly corresponding orientation home village capital city popular imagination residents modern day city time envisioned perfect urban space best spiritual significance legitimacy reign bolstered characterization rulers claims power rule weakly tied line succession relative addition like kings consolidated power royal idols attributed success legitimacy reign proper respect shown supernatural power balanced strengthening supernatural ancestral legitimacy class making clans powerful trusted advisers consulted group royal advisers clan script historically east coast series ancient texts considered contain powerful magic specialized scientific ritual knowledge population governed mixture traditional practices innovative measures land technically belonged sovereign administration carried assigned subdivision land govern administrators overseen royal advisers land cultivated given parcel farm based size family meant feed family paid taxes king return passed laws giving children right claim meat butcher sold day end allowing poor eat fields provided took cook consume spot way basic needs citizens met social organization hierarchy sub classes established 16th century revised decreed new rights responsibilities including privilege placing sculptures images black homes indicate noble status order strengthen relationships clans communities promote distribution resources decreed families build larger stone tombs hold remains family members construction tombs undertaken shared responsibility members family modifications expansions traditional royal rituals enabled develop state religion central figure tradition festival established 17th century king larger event intended symbolically renew nation cosmic power strengthened reign power state served unify citizens strengthening rule public works long established royal tradition labor form tax continued expanded major public works carried reign including expansion fields plains surrounding devised systems organizing work teams motivated efforts setting competitions teams punished failed contribute share effort mobilized groups village musicians entertain work teams later employed travel towns villages kingdom broadcasting news announcing new laws promoting proper social behavior laws developed legal system applied territories ruled king establish formal civil codes son declared crimes capital offenses entailed collective punishment guilty party family members including forced labor chains reduced slave status harsh penalties intended act strong engage acts consumption alcohol marijuana tobacco outlawed remained prevalent judge laws king relied tradition surviving poison indicated accused person innocence economy regulations established manage trading slaves estimates number slaves traded king year mainly exchange firearms principally french merchants sold mauritius reunion brought order kingdom economy enriched crown enabled king trade certain particularly lucrative goods weakening opportunities political rivals wealth influence relationship certain increased popularity slave classes practice commonly deciding favor disputes nobles strengthened image fair ruler regulated commerce economy creating official markets market scales units measurement including length volume king established marketplace grounds today occupied market tile constructed 1930s decreed friday market day merchants come erect stalls shaded traditional white sea extended valley forming called largest open air marketplace world traffic congestion safety hazards caused growing market prompted government officials split relocate friday merchants districts prosperity masses increased reign leading growth population density military organization finally established citizen army called soldiers men fit military service recruited engage campaigns conquest periods designated public works projects campaigns served capturing slaves labor service classes sale trade coastal communities exchange firearms military equipped stock arms coastal traders western madagascar death succession died house compound july age having fathered sons thirteen daughters wives tradition kings body placed canoe silver customary log interred royal tombs shortly french established colonial presence island destroyed original tomb march removed remains relocated interred tomb son effort city break spirit resistance fighters french colonization past year weaken popular belief power royal ancestors sovereignty rulers past succeeded year old son order fulfill oath child son follow line succession oldest son killed prevent contest throne legacy states regarded important kings notes object great admiration popular imagination french trader conducted business declared doubt richest feared largest kingdom kings madagascar textbooks characterize hero notion unified national identity primary source information reign language book relating oral history kings collected jesuit missionary late 19th century prior eventual release french language translation 1950s references king academic popular writing colonial period emphasized role traditional religious power authority instead administrative practices attempt bring greater credibility colonial government vehicle building strengthening principles good governance introduced beginning 1970s historians began focus spiritual aspects role king researchers questioned compared sources effort arrive factual balanced history reign innovations reign long standing consequences structure society 19th century madagascar specialist attributes widespread conversions masses following conversion christianity precedent established state religion sovereign head people expected follow similarly decision families advisers particular led years strengthening middle class formed backbone merchant farming administrative reign power ultimately exceeded power nobles leading aristocratic coup ended reign absolute power monarch established joint system government prime minister cabinet governed sovereign reduced symbolic ancestral power authority declared spiritual capital madagascar remains country important spiritual cultural sites recognized madagascar cultural major street running parallel avenue independence block east named
Andrianampoinimerina