electric ray electric ray cape common little known species electric ray family native south_africa benthic fish found shallow coastal bays sandy muddy bottoms small species reaches length nearly circular pectoral fin disc short muscular tail supports large caudal fin identified single dorsal fin located large pelvic fins dorsal coloration yellowish brown like members family electric ray defend strong electric shock produced pair kidney shaped electric organs head feeds mainly worms likely gives birth live young presently lacks information assess conservation status species caught incidentally fisheries south_africa impacted pollution coastal development taxonomy electric ray described german naturalist 13th edition species printed copies book original spelling probably modern regard error etymology cape good hope far reasonable later sources consistently officially fix specific epithet spelling require decision refer type specimens german naturalist created new genus species separating electric rays known time basis curved single dorsal fin later species assigned description pectoral fin disc electric ray wider long circular shape large kidney shaped electric organs visible beneath skin head eyes small protruding larger lie closely small finger like projections nostrils placed close long skirt like skin reaches mouth small mouth nearly straight surrounded prominent furrows teeth tiny pointed pairs small gill slits underside disc large broad pelvic fins convex margins originate beneath pectoral fins adult males single rounded dorsal fin positioned pelvic fins short thick tail skin fold running terminates large triangular caudal fin rounded corners symmetrical soft skin completely devoid dermal denticles species varies yellowish brown brown parts tail upper surface yellowish underside white yellow brown fin margins grows long individuals size rare distribution habitat electric ray common eastern western cape provinces south_africa range extends central single specimen recorded bay second unconfirmed sighting bay historical record species madagascar dwelling nature electric ray mainly inhabits bays sandy muddy bottoms found waters shallower recorded deep biology ecology relative small size electric ray deliver extremely powerful electric shock defend predators include shark muscular tail pectoral fins diet species consists mainly worms reproductive biology electric ray documented presumably viviparous like electric rays males mature sexually long females mature long human interactions shock produced electric ray painful substantially dangerous humans utilized economically ray frequently caught south african waters habits negatively affected water pollution coastal development listed species lack specific data noting vulnerability fishing habitat degradation merit concern
Onefin electric ray