september april english colonial administrator native massachusetts son founders leading role administration overthrown boston revolt served briefly council new_york oversaw trial convicted rebellion spent years england lieutenant governor including year member parliament returned new_england appointed governor provinces massachusetts bay new_hampshire posts held rule massachusetts characterized hostility tension political enemies opposing attempts gain regular salary regularly making complaints official private actions tenure dominated war provinces lines suffered series major minor french indian raids orchestrated unsuccessful attempt capture capital port royal raised provincial militia forces successful capture directed unsuccessful expedition quebec governorship pattern hostility royal governance massachusetts frequently issue salaries crown officials colonial legislature routinely challenged disputed governor hostility affected governors massachusetts american revolutionary war end british rule rule new_hampshire comparatively early life born massachusetts bay colony september mother née father founders leading colony father elderly seventy born raised mother reverend married father death graduated admitted freeman member general court representing elected colony council assistants king philip war broke commissioner accompanied colonial troops field indians present great swamp fight tribe decisively defeated served years commissioner sent administration diplomatic missions neighboring indian communities served committee negotiated boundary massachusetts neighboring colonial charter colony governance come increased scrutiny king charles_ii beginning came substantial threat late crown agent sent new_england collect customs duties enforce documented list issues took complaints london colonial leadership divided answer threat moderate faction brother law supported king demands opposed opposed attempts crown interfere colony business factions separated class lines land owners merchants dominated legislature upper house called court assistants favoring accommodation representative lower house favored elected member massachusetts sent london agents represent case brought letter introduction plymouth governor colonial secretary favorable relationship established contributed future success colonial administrator raised suspicions colony motives ability represent interests authority agents limited insisted colonial administration agents authorized negotiate modifications colonial charter legislature dominated refused demand led directly issuance quo writ demanding surrender colonial charter brought news boston end heated debate began legislature party prevailing leadership included influential reverend particular like enemies colony richards despite hostile reception agents received london sided hatred focused resulted council assistants election episode led accusations secretly london charter vacated means personal advancement claimed discussed form replacement government discussion place quo writ issued treated evidence hostile present order colony working commission colonial agent discussions perceived favorably came believe election loss meant good crown servant result rumors began circulating boston late appointed governor deputy charter began planning combine new_england colonies single province called work progress king took throne difficulties drafting commission intended governor sir prompted propose interim appointment chosen post based recommendation october commission issued president territories covered commission included massachusetts new_hampshire maine country disputed territory present day southern rhode_island appointed long list subsidiary posts including secretary colony considerable power colony president arrived boston charter formally took charge massachusetts rule begin number massachusetts named council refused serve unable reconcile refused according opinion god suffer land country began arbitrary manner assert power higher time elections colonial military officers compromised refused serve number judicial appointments generally favoring political supported accommodation king wishes battle old charter renewed treaties indians northern new_england traveled june formally establish authority significantly hampered inability raise revenues dominion commission allow introduction new revenue laws massachusetts government anticipating loss charter repealed laws furthermore people refused pay remaining methods income grounds enacted old government invalid attempts introduce church_of_england largely unsuccessful lack funding hampered perceived political danger imposing existing churches use enforcement conducted adhere letter laws understanding provisions acts unfair example resulting payments multiple duties violations overlooked suggested laws modified conditions massachusetts economy harmed vigorous enforcement acts eventually falling matters related trade administration religion treated worse wrote comparing governed based petition council decided include colonies rhode_island connecticut dominion commission issued june given annex commission instructions incorporate authority service governor governor arrived december immediately assumed power sat council served judge superior court censor press sat committee worked legislation dominion appointed council intended represent combined territories difficulties travel failure government travel expenses meant council dominated representatives boston plymouth widely regarded significant reign position judge brought criticisms complaints particular enforced unpopular laws concerning taxes town meetings land titles imposed word glorious revolution arrived massachusetts mob rose arrested april away city arrested return ill released house arrest payment bond mob descended home carried jail stayed jail months safety sent england command king william dominion leaders colonial authorities brought charges agents london prepared responsibility making charges court dismissed men freed defense prepared charges demonstrated willingness ability follow crown policy stranded london limited connections appealed assistance asked business associate help finding new position proprietor considered post lieutenant governor connections eventually recommended chief council new governor new_york position took addition council duties negotiated new_york indians sat chief judge trial led rebellion lieutenant governor trial controversial role enemies convicted high treason sentenced death governor initially opposed immediately executing main ally son law preferring decision king pressure anti forces council changed mind men executed claimed influential force arguing execution disputed testimony anti councillor left new_york home established connections political friends like appointed lieutenant governor newly chartered sir patronage returning england embarked series regain office new_england religious elements london political establishment formally joining church_of_england acquired patron baron engineered appointment lieutenant governor appointed governor assisted politically worked advance agenda london worked promote principal activity engaged documented manipulation parliamentary election processes island chosen candidates elected process highly unpopular continued governorship death tried assist financial difficulties unsuccessfully father law gain permission mint use colonies principal object intrigue removal massachusetts governor hide colony agents rule massachusetts unpopular recalled england answer variety charges opponents caused arrested shortly arrival inflated charges withheld customs crown died february charges heard optimistic named governor point enemies new_york massachusetts joined forces deny opportunity son london attempting father estate reversed assistance massachusetts agent bill introduced parliament debate included review trial forced appear defend role afterward wrote talked governor appointment replace went instead lord continued active behalf secured election member parliament representing possible expand political connections london managed temporarily political fences began lobbying massachusetts governorship death successful receiving commissions governor massachusetts new_hampshire april governor massachusetts new_hampshire served governor administration marked particularly earlier years regular conflict general court instruction colonial office gain regular salary governor succeeding royal governors unsuccessful concession provincial legislature regular source friction representatives crown colony pressed complaint letters london complained men love crown government england manner obedience letter son paul provincial attorney general wrote country worth living lawyers gentlemen till charter taken away letter discovered published provincial opposition rule angered powerful family awarded presidency harvard instead consistently vetoed election speakers general court acted increasing massachusetts contrast tenure governor new_hampshire popular legislature specifically praised queen learning complaints massachusetts opponents queen anne war active managing colonial defenses queen anne war attempted french orchestrated indian hostilities meeting indians bay june french begun rallying indians cause war began raids settlements southern maine august called militia massachusetts new_hampshire extending southern maine fortified french indians raided february prompting calls retaliation authorized aging indian fighter lead expedition settlements engaged protracted negotiations return captives taken french sought wider ranging agreement specifically refused church permission attack capital commercial center port royal accused boston merchants league traders illegally trading french sought criticisms sent colonial militia fruitless expedition port royal bitter attack administration published london entitled state new england reason governor campaign recalled rallied provincial militias planned expedition quebec supporting expedition england called support england arrived successful siege port royal led fall beginning boston organizing point expedition quebec combining british provincial forces expedition failed transports shores saint lawrence river war authorized expeditions northern new_england largely war extent fall port royal small raiding parties hitting frontier communities peace came treaty negotiated separate peace portsmouth new_hampshire seeking separate western french influence adopted fairly hard line threatening trade vital survival reiterated claims british sovereignty treaty portsmouth resulted negotiations repeats claims sovereignty evidence implications sovereign claim explained explicitly land claims negotiations response claims french ceded lands claimed responded french said wonder away asking succeeding governors treated british subjects friction persisted british colonial expansion maine war issues war worsened currency finance problems massachusetts province issuing paper currency issuance large amounts currency causing relative precious metals deal divided colonists governor resolved business leaders borrowed money happy pay later currency sought reforms stabilize currency major proposal floated opponents land bank secured holdings properties issue currency opposed scheme instead convinced provincial legislature issue bills credit financially powerful interests upset prove downfall surveys determined border massachusetts connecticut colony incorrectly sited 17th century massachusetts consequently distributed lands actually belonged connecticut connecticut governor negotiated agreement massachusetts retain lands grant connecticut distribution equivalent land equivalent lands amounted acres km2 land area present day northern massachusetts southeastern vermont southwestern new_hampshire lands auctioned april connecticut proceeds fund following death commission lieutenant governor like royal commissions expired months later governor council dominated political opponents point asserted authority february assumed control government provisions provincial charter concerning governance absence governor lieutenant weeks later news arrived england commission temporarily confirmed king george reinstated march political opponents especially involved land bank proposal active london convinced king appoint colonel governor later year commission proclaimed boston november ending commission colony governance fell commission renewed brother son law william resign commission april leaving england new commission issued promised oppose attempts introduce land bank arrived colony assumed post governor october lieutenant retired family home acted informal advisor governor arrival appearances public private functions died april buried ceremony appropriate position father family legacy married survived years children survived adulthood son paul served attorney general chief justice massachusetts massachusetts named sons paul william death owned large tracts land massachusetts principally properties purchased partnership granted land purpose settling french oxford frequently position especially president dominion governor province ensure titles lands interested cleared practice benefited friends relatives business partners wrote impossible bring titles land trial rights concerned judges parties nineteenth century historian wrote united rich intellectual attributes soul political connections relationships early years purpose advancement capitalized favorable family connections leadership massachusetts establish connections england betrayed massachusetts connections necessary quest power later served provincial governor wrote extensive history massachusetts wrote virtues consist great honour power biographer wrote spite temper possessed good deal personal charm failed transform enemy friend portrait portrait seen documented having painted portrait remained family creation direct line descent 20th century sold public auction numerous internet sites reversed 19th century black white photograph portrait father thomas following text inscribed reverse portrait supposed painted property restored incorrect recorded cambridge massachusetts son hair long right hand body photo boston memorial reunion owned gilbert mass
Joseph Dudley