plant grouping plants selected desirable characteristics maintained propagation arisen cultivation special selections wild popular ornamental garden plants like roses produced careful breeding selection flower colour form similarly world agricultural food crops exclusively selected characteristics improved yield flavour resistance disease wild plants food sources trees forestry special selections grown enhanced quality yield timber form major broader grouping defined plant origin selection primarily intentional human activity coined bailey generally regarded cultivated variety derived variety botanical variety differences rules formation use names botanical varieties recent times naming complicated use statutory plant patents plant breeders rights names french union pour protection des offers legal protection plant people organisations introduce new commerce requires distinct uniform stable distinct characteristics easily distinguish known uniform stable retain characteristics repeated propagation naming important aspect cultivated plant taxonomy correct naming prescribed commonly known given consists scientific latin botanical followed epithet epithet usually vernacular language example king edward potato king edward king edward epithet according rules cultivated plant code bounded single quotation marks origin term origin term arises need distinguish wild plants characteristics arisen cultivation distinction dates greek philosopher bce father aware difference botanical historian notes plants limits culturally induced changes importance genetic constitution international code nomenclature algae fungi plants uses starting point modern botanical nomenclature latin names appeared publications 10th 5th listed plants known directly extensive reading recognised rank english botanical variety rank species subspecies indicated varieties letters greek alphabet variety var current convention varieties listed garden origin wild plants time increasing need distinguish plants growing wild variations produced cultivation nineteenth century garden derived plants given names latin local language 1900s plants produced cultivation europe recognised scandinavian slavic literature words words internationally international agreement new terms based latin twentieth century improved international terminology proposed classification nomenclature cultivated plants word coined wrote species equivalent appeared plant propose botanical variety race subordinate species originated cultivation necessarily recognized botanical species essentially equivalent botanical variety respect origin paper bailey rank species clear plants like botanical varieties species appears motivated suggestion new classification category generally assumed words cultivated variety bailey explicit etymology word suggested words variety appropriate new word promoted free ambiguity serves purpose use subsequently recommended cultivated plant code published achieved wide international acceptance terms confused plant deliberately altered selected cultivation humans states maintained entities solely continued propagation component stable accepted names ranks including names names classification categories group latin species names variety names names plants altered humans including genetically modified plants given formal names formal definition cultivated plant code notes word different senses classification category defined article international code nomenclature cultivated plants 8th edition follows basic category cultivated plants nomenclature governed code classification categories group code defines taxonomic unit classification category sense generally understood general definition plants selected particular character combination characters distinct uniform stable characters propagated appropriate means retains characters different kinds plants chosen named simply matter convenience category created serve practical needs agriculture forestry members particular necessarily genetically identical emphasizes different cultivated plants accepted different cultivated plants different regarded production generally considerable human involvement cases little simply selecting variation plants growing wild collecting growing tissue gathering seed generally occur food crops smith red delicious propagated red sails great lakes propagated seeds named plants produced division clones produced genetically identical known clones includes plants propagated division material taken particular plant lateral branch particular phase life cycle juvenile leaf growth occurs witch plants distinctive characters derived presence organism form provided characters reproduced reliably generation generation plants tissues close normal tissue tissue different kinds plants originate constitute seed produced come true seed retaining distinguishing characteristics grown seed plants termed variety selection strain ambiguous confusing words best avoided general propagated grown seeds produce highly variable plants labelled sold parent seed raised produced characteristics distinct uniform stable passed parents produced lines produced repeated self closely related lines hybrids result deliberate single cross pure lines hybrid seed exist summer plants retain genetic composition characteristics reproduction occasionally raised seed specially selected example seed taken plants resistant particular disease genetically modified genetically modified plants characteristics resulting deliberate genetic material different form international code nomenclature cultivated plants notes practice marketed lines genetically modified lines remain constant state development makes naming futile exercise retired varieties fish longer developed run obstacle given selected change level plant produce desirable characteristics names unique unique class genus names regulated international code nomenclature cultivated plants registered separate registration authorities different plant types roses addition associated commercial marketing names referred trade designations presenting text consists botanical genus species taxon hybrid hybrid followed epithet epithet enclosed single quotes botanical words epithet capitalized permitted exceptions place epithet common provided common published january given latin form readily confused specific botanical names date newly coined modern vernacular language distinguish botanical examples correct text presentation latin form golden wonder english language japanese language incorrect text presentation examples double quotes unacceptable common usage unacceptable longer correct use context correct peace incorrect reasons firstly use secondly peace trade designation selling madame printed different rest quote marks example group names similar exist associated group group group names names necessary understand way presentation group names presented normal type letter word placed single quotes letter word group capitalized presenting text group including typical group including typical french english cited group enclosed follows legal protection names 1990s increasing use legal protection newly produced plant breeders expect legal protection produce immediately sell soon come market benefit largely lost legal protection obtained use plant breeders rights plant patents specific legislation procedures needed advantage protection vary country country controversial use legal protection use legal protection controversial particularly food crops staples developing countries plants selected wild propagated sale additional breeding work people consider practice trade designations formal scientific like king edward way uniquely designating particular kind plant scientific public domain legally protected plant retailers wish maximize share market way replace latin scientific names plant labels retail outlets appealing marketing names easy use remember marketing names lie outside scope refers trade designations retailer sole legal rights marketing offer sales advantage plants protected plant breeders rights true recognized scientific public domain commercial synonym additional marketing legally protected example fascination true scientific attractive language appeal country plant given different selling names country country quoting original allows correct identification world peak body coordinating plant breeders rights pour protection des organization maintains database new protected countries voluntary non statutory organization appointed generally formed societies institutions specializing particular plant genera currently located europe north_america china india singapore australia new_zealand south_africa puerto_rico produces annual report considered years main task maintain register names group interest possible published placed public domain major aim prevent group genus ensuring names accord latest edition way years contributed stability cultivated plant nomenclature recent times recorded trade designations plant material avoid confusion established names new names relevant data collected submitted cases cost checks new epithet ensure ensures new names formally established published hard copy description dated publication record details plant names concerned development introduction basic description highlighting distinctive characters responsible assessing plant question contacted maintain web sites date listing
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