serbian pronounced born october march yugoslav novelist poet short story writer won nobel prize literature writings dealt mainly life native bosnia ottoman rule born austrian occupied bosnia attended high school active member national youth organizations following assassination june arrested imprisoned austro hungarian police suspected involvement plot authorities unable build strong case spent war house arrest released following general amnesty cases july war studied south slavic history literature universities eventually attaining worked diplomatic service yugoslavia ambassador germany tenure ended april german led invasion country shortly invasion returned german occupied belgrade lived quietly friend apartment duration world war conditions biographers house arrest wrote important works including bridge following war named number ceremonial posts yugoslavia come communist rule war end awarded nobel prize literature selecting writers committee cited epic force traced themes depicted human drawn country history works found international audience translated number languages subsequent years received number awards native country health declined substantially late died belgrade following march years following death belgrade apartment spent world war converted museum nearby street corner named honour number cities yugoslavia streets bearing filmmaker began construction town eastern bosnia named yugoslavia nobel prize winning writer known respected native country lifetime beginning 1950s continuing past breakup yugoslavia works literary critics supposed anti muslim bias croatia works long nationalist reasons briefly following yugoslavia dissolution literary community start 21st century highly regarded serbia contributions serbian literature early life family born village near october mother née town visiting relatives parents child father struggling resorted working school lived wife infant son died tuberculosis like siblings age thirty years old time widowed mother took placed care sister law brother law austro hungarian police officer couple financially stable childless agreed look infant brought meantime mother returned seeking employment raised country changed little ottoman period despite mandated austria-hungary eastern western culture bosnia far greater extent balkan peninsula having lived early age came calling real home small provincial town proved enduring source inspiration multi ethnic multi predominant groups serbs muslims early age closely observed customs local people customs life eastern bosnia later detailed works friends playing town famous primary secondary education age began primary school later recounted days life age received year scholarship cultural group called progress study autumn registered great gymnasium oldest secondary school bosnia lived mother worked factory time city civil servants parts austria-hungary languages heard restaurants streets culturally city boasted strong element curriculum educational institutions designed reflect total teachers worked school year period natives teaching program biographer notes devoted producing dedicated supporters monarchy disapproved came secondary school university wrote rough crude automatic concern faith humanity warmth love experienced difficulty studies finding mathematics particularly challenging repeat sixth grade time lost scholarship poor grades attributes initial lack academic success partly teachers nonetheless excelled languages particularly latin greek german initially showed substantial interest natural sciences later began focusing literature likely influence instructors writer politician poet teachers liked best lifelong friends felt destined writer began writing secondary school received little encouragement mother recalled showed works replied write published poems journal called promoted unity time secondary school student prior world war poems essays reviews translations appeared journals contemporary favorite literary forms lyrical reflective prose essays shorter pieces prose poems historian describes poetry period translations august number authors appeared time student activism austria-hungary officially annexed south nationalists like late elected president based secret society promoted unity friendship youth opposed austro hungarian occupation members criticized nationalists dismissed nations continued austro hungarians february spoke crowd student protesters railway station urging continue demonstrations austro hungarian police later began members expelled schools way escaped punishment joined south student movement known prominent members registered having received scholarship educational foundation enrolled department mathematics natural sciences fields scholarships offered able courses croatian literature received south nationalists regularly participated campus demonstrations led university completing transferred resumed studies vienna joined south students promoting cause yugoslav unity worked closely yugoslav student societies serbian cultural society dawn croatian student club shared views integral eventual cultures despite finding like minded students vienna city climate took toll health contracted tuberculosis seriously ill asked leave vienna medical grounds continue studies believes actually taking protest south students german speaking universities transferring slavic ones time considered transferring school russia ultimately decided complete fourth semester transferred early continued publish translations poems reviews world war june learned assassination assassin young close friend join hearing news decided leave return bosnia travelled train mid july departed coastal city split friend poet fellow south nationalist spent rest july summer home month progressed began feeling increasingly uneasy escalating political crisis followed assassination eventually led outbreak world war went left explanation saying needed italy days later learned sought police time war declared returned split feeling exhausted ill given friends arrested nationalist activities certain fate despite involved assassination plot august arrested anti state activities imprisoned split transferred prison finally arrived august plagued tuberculosis passed time reading talking learning languages following year case dropped lack evidence released prison march authorities exiled village near arrived march placed supervision local monks soon befriended began researching history bosnia catholic orthodox christian communities ottoman rule lived parish headquarters gave access monastery chronicles return assisted parish priest taught religious songs pupils monastery school mother soon came son offered serve parish priest mother happy wrote years saw grasp happened time crazy cursed existence cries kisses laughs turn like mother later transferred prison regularly visited march declared political threat armed military service registered non combat unit february following year july emperor charles declared general amnesty political prisoners territory austria-hungary freedom movement restored visited reunited school friends remained town july mobilized poor health admitted hospital avoided service transferred treated months moving fell seriously ill sought treatment hospital gathering ground political prisoners january joined south nationalist writers editing short lived pan yugoslav periodical called periodicals published book reviews plays verse translations course months early health began deteriorate friends believed nearing death recovered spent spring writing book prose poetry published july book interwar period end world war saw austria-hungary replaced newly established south state renamed yugoslavia late enrolled resumed studies january fell ill hospital fellow writer worried friend life appealed old appointed new kingdom minister religious affairs use connections help pay treatment abroad february wrote asked help finding government job belgrade eventually chose seek treatment split stayed following months time mediterranean coast completed second volume prose poetry titled unrest published following year time left fully recovered cured air sun troubled news uncle seriously ill left split august went returned weeks later early diplomatic career acquired undergraduate degree history literature impoverished earned sum writing editorial work realized unable financially support aging mother aunt uncle longer appeals help securing government job frequent september offered position accepted late october left belgrade involved city literary circles soon acquired distinction belgrade popular young writers belgrade press wrote positively disliked public figure went distanced fellow writers time grew dissatisfied government job wrote asking transfer february request granted assigned mission vatican left belgrade soon reported duty late february time published short story journey complained time write evidence suggests strong ceremony accompanied work diplomatic service according endured good grace time began writing dialect serbia ceased writing dialect native bosnia soon requested assignment november transferred health deteriorated found duties require effort focused writing contributed articles romanian journal time visit family bosnia requested transferred arrived december city damp climate caused health deteriorate doctor advice transferred january arrived city january appointed vice consul soon enrolled resumed schooling began working doctoral slavic studies advancement august experienced unexpected setback career law passed civil servants doctoral degree completed informed employment terminated connected friends intervened behalf appealed foreign minister citing diplomatic linguistic abilities february decided retain day worker salary vice consul gave opportunity complete submitted committee gave approval allowed examinations necessary confirmed passed exams july received committee recommended published chose title die des der der development spiritual life bosnia influence turkish rule characterized ottoman occupation bosnia effect turkish rule absolutely negative wrote turks bring cultural content sense higher mission south accepted islam days receiving wrote foreign minister asking reinstated submitted copy university documents medical certification deemed good health september granted request stayed october assigned belgrade headquarters years belgrade spent time writing collection short stories published received prize fledged member february october assigned appointed vice consul december transferred yugoslav embassy paris time france marked increasing loneliness isolation uncle died mother following year arriving france informed aunt died apart official contacts wrote company spent time paris archives reports french material use chronicle future novels april posted madrid vice consul wrote essays francisco began work novel damned yard june named secretary yugoslav belgium brussels january sent switzerland yugoslavia permanent delegation geneva named deputy delegate following year returned belgrade shortly france decorated years later named head political department november assistant milan yugoslavia prime minister foreign minister world war march appointed yugoslavia ambassador germany appointment writes demonstrates highly regarded yugoslav leadership yugoslavia king alexander assassinated succeeded year old son peter regency council led peter uncle paul established rule place turned eighteen paul government established closer economic political ties germany march yugoslavia signed pact support germany italy negotiations occurred capacity ambassador obliged attend document signing berlin highly critical march wrote asking relieved duties days later pro western officers regency proclaimed peter age led breakdown relations germany prompted adolf hitler order yugoslavia invasion given circumstances position ambassador germany extremely difficult little influence attempted unsuccessfully help polish prisoners following german invasion poland prior invasion country germans offered opportunity evacuate neutral switzerland declined basis staff allowed april germans allies invaded yugoslavia country april subsequently axis powers early june staff taken german occupied belgrade jailed retired diplomatic service refused receive pension cooperate way puppet government germans installed serbia spared jail germans kept close surveillance occupation heritage offered chance settle capital fascist puppet state known croatia declined spent following years friend belgrade apartment conditions biographers house arrest directed energies writing time completed best known novels bridge late spring sent message sympathy leader royalist resistance movements power axis occupied yugoslavia communist partisans forced leave friend apartment allied bombing belgrade evacuate city joined column refugees ashamed fleeing contrast masses people accompanied children parents looked wrote saw saving ensuing months refused leave apartment heaviest bombing october partisans drove germans belgrade proclaimed yugoslavia ruler later life political career marriage relationship communists initially given previously official royalist government returned public life germans forced belgrade published march followed september young lady november came regarded proclaimed classic yugoslav literature communists chronicles history town bridge construction 16th century outbreak world war second novel follows french diplomat bosnia napoleonic wars revolves life woman post war period published short story collections travel memoirs number essays writers november elected vice president soviet_union month named president following year member published collection short stories written war work came influence writers april deputy decorated services yugoslav people career parliamentary deputy came end following year published damned yard tells life ottoman prison istanbul december admitted yugoslavia country ruling party according unlikely joined party ideological conviction serve country fully possible september year old married costume designer years junior earlier announced probably better writer marry persecuted kind fear close friend recalled born afraid married late simply dare enter area life nobel prize international recognition death late 1950s works translated number languages october awarded nobel prize literature documents released years later revealed selected writers committee cited epic force traced themes depicted human drawn country history news announced belgrade apartment reporters publicly thanked selecting winner year prize nobel prize ensured received global recognition following march fell ill trip cairo return belgrade operation obliged cancel promotional events europe north_america works continued reprinted translated numerous languages judging letters written time felt attention best publicly receiving noble prize number awards honours bestowed multiplied received order republic july award award order hero socialist labour apart member yugoslav correspondent counterparts bestowed honorary universities belgrade wife died march nearing seventy time death health deteriorated steadily travelled little final years continued write health took turn worse december admitted belgrade hospital soon fell coma died march aged cremated april containing ashes buried alley distinguished citizens belgrade ceremony attended residents belgrade influences style themes avid reader youth young literary interests varied greatly ranging greek latin classics works past contemporary literary figures including german austrian writers french writers british writers read works italian poet philosopher russian writer norwegian writer american writers philosopher especially fond polish literature later stated greatly influenced held writers high esteem particularly admired poets translated works appears significant influence prose philosophical outlook informed strongly works danish philosopher point youth took interest chinese japanese literature read german language translations work inspired traditions life bosnia examines complexity cultural contrasts region muslim inhabitants best known novels subtly contrast oriental western atmosphere introduced french later austro hungarians works contain called words turkish arabic persian origin found way languages south ottoman rule according uses words express oriental rendered opinion literary historian work frequently profound sadness misery waste inherent passing time remains famous novel received scholarly analysis works scholars interpreted eponymous bridge yugoslavia bridge east west cold war nobel acceptance speech described country break neck speed cost great sacrifices efforts trying fields including field culture things deprived turbulent hostile past view seemingly conflicting positions yugoslavia disparate ethnic groups overcome knowing history help future generations avoid mistakes past line view time expressed hope differences histories legacy shortly death stated wished possessions preserved general cultural humanitarian purposes march administrative committee decided purpose promote study work art literature general organized number international conferences grants foreign scholars studying writer works offered financial aid cover publication costs books covering life art annual titled journals published organization stipulated award given annually author year best collection short stories street runs seat president serbia posthumously named honour includes life size statue writer flat spent final years turned museum museum opened year death houses books manuscripts documents photographs belongings serbia major cities streets named streets number cities carry according scholar serbs consider greatest non born serbs historian central pillars serbian literature narrative writes depth psychological insight symbolism remain serbian literature yugoslav writer awarded nobel prize orientation works croatian president following yugoslavia early 1990s biography remains controversial topic croatia croatian literary establishment large works following death writings criticized nationalists objected ostensibly negative portrayal muslim characters vocal detractors accused nationalist remarks homosexual went far nobel prize taken away scholars late 1950s criticism works appeared period immediately breakup yugoslavia aftermath war early nationalist destroyed statue years later filmmaker president unveiled statue time construction town called sponsored june officially opened occasion 100th anniversary assassination list works source explanatory notes
Ivo Andrić