sitting bull sitting bull standard nicknamed december holy man led people years resistance united_states government policies killed indian agency police standing rock indian reservation attempt arrest time authorities feared join ghost dance movement vision saw soldiers thick falling upside camp people took major victory large number soldiers killed weeks later tribes defeated 7th cavalry col june battalion bear vision sitting bull leadership inspired people major victory months victory battle group left united_states remained time band returned territory surrendered forces small remnant band decided stay working performer wild west returned fears use influence support ghost dance movement agent fort ordered arrest ensuing struggle followers agency police shot head policemen lieutenant red police fired supporters body taken nearby fort burial family believed remains near near birthplace early life sitting bull born sitting bull great grandson asserted family oral tradition born south present day montana named birth nicknamed slow said describe careful nature boy fourteen years old accompanied group warriors included father uncle horns raiding party horses camp crow warriors displayed bravery riding forward counting coup surprised crow witnessed mounted returning camp father gave celebratory feast conferred son language means buffalo bull sits later abbreviated sitting bull sitting bull father known ceremony entire band father presented son eagle feather wear hair warrior horse hardened buffalo hide shield mark son passage warrior war people involved bands eastern people killed estimated settlers soldiers south central minnesota response poor treatment government effort drive whites away despite embroiled american civil war united_states_army bands involved hostilities brigades soldiers brigadier general attacked village defenders led driven continued august september encountered small party near left wagon train commanded captain effect repairs overturned wagon led attack shot left hip soldier bullet exited small wound red cloud war red cloud leader fought forces attacking forts effort control montana support sitting bull led numerous war parties fort fort sitting bull guerrilla attacks parties smaller forts upper region early government desired peaceful settlement agreed demands abandon forts representatives signed form treaty fort july fort rice near sitting bull agree treaty told jesuit missionary sought behalf government wish know propose sell country continued hit run attacks forts upper missouri area late 1860s early 1870s events mark historically debated period life according historian conducted interviews surviving supreme chief nation time later historians refuted concept authority society highly bands elders individual decisions including wage war great war sitting bull band continued attack migrating parties forts late 1860s conducted survey route northern plains directly lands encountered stiff resistance railway people returned following year accompanied federal troops sitting bull attacked survey party forced turn military accompaniment increased sitting bull forces resisted survey vigorously panic forced bankruptcy halted construction railroad territory finding gold sierra nevada dramatic gains new wealth men interested potential gold mining col led military expedition fort lincoln near explore gold determine suitable location military fort hills announcement gold triggered tensions increased whites seeking attack expedition government increasingly pressured citizens open mining settlement failing attempt negotiate purchase lease hills government washington find way promise protect land specified treaty fort alarmed reports encouraged november president grant ordered bands outside great reservation reservation knowing comply february certified hostile bands continued live reservation certification allowed military pursue bands based tribal oral histories historian bands allied plains wars thought nation attack given connection suggests major war called great war led battles plains indians destroyed seven camps nation historians use oral testimony concluded coalition head primary target federal government campaign battle little period developed important native american political leaders treaty fort creation great reservation traditional warriors red cloud spotted tail moved reside permanently reservations largely dependent indian agencies chiefs including members band times lived temporarily agencies needed supplies time white buffalo reduced resources challenged native american independence camped medicine man ice sitting bull association ceremonial alliance preceded fighting sitting bull major revelation climactic moment sitting bull great spirit given enemies destroy know soldiers ice observed knew enemy tribe soon find sitting bull refusal adopt dependence government meant times small band warriors lived isolated plains native americans threatened united_states numerous members bands tribes came camp reputation strong medicine developed continued evade european americans january 1st ultimatum army began track living reservation native americans gathered camp took active role encouraging unity camp sent scouts reservations recruit warriors told share supplies native americans joined example sitting bull taking care northern tribe impoverished captain march attack fled camp safety course half camp continually expanded natives joined safety numbers leadership attracted warriors families creating extensive village estimated people col came large camp june sitting bull direct military role ensuing battle instead acted spiritual leader week prior attack performed sun dance sacrificed pieces flesh arms advance party attacked tribes camp known june realize large camp native american warriors left reservations follow inspired vision saw soldiers killed entered tribe camp fought badly outnumbered troops lost ground quickly forced retreat tribes led counter attack soldiers nearby ridge ultimately native americans victory celebrations short lived public shock outrage death defeat government knowledge remaining led assign thousands soldiers area year new american military forces pursued forcing native americans surrender sitting bull refused surrender led band border canada remained exile years near refusing pardon chance return crossing border canadian territory met region meeting commander explained british soil obey british law emphasized enforced law equally person territory right justice advocate good friends remainder lives canada met leader long time powerful enemies sitting bull wished peace advocate peace accepted tobacco peace offering sitting bull impressed named sons sitting bull people stayed canada years smaller size buffalo canada men found difficult find food feed people exhausted sitting bull presence country led increased tensions canadian united_states governments sitting bull left canada visited final time left ceremonial surrender hunger desperation eventually forced family followers return united_states surrender july sitting bull young son surrender winchester action major commanding officer fort said major wish remembered man tribe surrender rifle surrender rifle context meant killed white men rifles rifle grandfather great mystery use different way help overcome white man ceremony day told soldiers warriors guests small room wished regard soldiers white race friends wanted know teach son new ways world weeks later waiting vain members tribe follow canada army transferred band military post located adjacent reservation present day boundary sitting bull band people kept separate gathered agency army officials concerned stir trouble recently surrendered northern bands august visited census counted people leader immediate family families totaling people recorded band military decided transfer band fort held prisoners war loaded band people sent fort near present day southern border state spent months allowed return north rumors reported baptized catholic_church indian agent dismissed reports saying reported baptism erroneous immediate prospect ceremony far aware meets promoter asked agent allow tour parts canada northern united_states called tour met minnesota impressed skills firearms offered photographer photo admiration respect mutual stated great pet observing sitting bull respect young grew modest attire deeply respectful remarkable stage persona despite woman stood feet height sitting bull felt gifted supernatural means order shoot accurately hands result esteem symbolically adopted daughter named little sure shot career wild west allowed leave reservation wild buffalo bill buffalo bill wild west earned week riding arena popular attraction rumored cursed audiences native tongue historian contends historians reported gave speeches desire education young relations whites historian wrote reportedly cursed audience opening address celebrating completion sitting bull stayed months returning home time audiences considered celebrity warrior earned small fortune charging picture gave money away homeless ghost dance movement returned working wild west tension agent increased wary issues including division sale parts great reservation period indian rights activist brooklyn new_york member reached acting voice secretary interpreter advocate joined young son compound sharing family home named spread religious movement nevada eastward plains preached resurrection native time severe conditions harsh winters long reservation known ghost dance movement called indians dance chant rising deceased relatives return buffalo movement reached allowed dancers gather camp appear participate dancing viewed key alarm spread nearby white settlements added new feature dance shirts said stop bullets death burial indian agent fort feared leader flee reservation ghost dancers ordered police arrest december drafted letter noted lead indian agency policeman included instructions plan capture plan called arrest place dawn december advised use light spring wagon facilitate removal followers rally decided wagon intended police officers force mount horse immediately arrest december police officers volunteers approached sitting bull house surrounded house knocked entered told arrest led outside sitting bull wife stalled time camp awakened men house ordered mount horse said indian affairs agent needed chief return house refused comply police force village enraged catch bear rifle shot reacted firing revolver chest police officer shot head dropped ground died close quarters fight erupted minutes men dead killed policemen immediately died shortly fight including police killed seven supporters site horses sitting bull body taken placed coffin army carpenter buried monument installed mark burial site remains reportedly taken family members believed sitting bull remains transporting near birthplace monument erected legacy death cabin taken chicago use exhibit world exposition native american dancers performed exposition september released great americans series postage stamp featuring likeness march renamed honor sitting serves institution higher education home american historian published sitting bull examination medicine man anderson stresses light past successes nation merits simply august research team led ancient dna expert announced intention sequence approval descendants hair sample obtained lifetime representation popular culture sitting bull subject featured character hollywood motion pictures documentaries reflected changing ideas culture relation united_states sitting bull hostile indian chief sitting bull spirit lake massacre annie gun sitting bull title role title role episode broken pledge plays indians buffalo girls film west bury heart wounded knee sitting bull stone heart documentary time passed symbol native american resistance movements figure celebrated descendants enemies park contains sculpture largest sculpture park sitting bull featured leader computer game civilization sitting bull great americans president barack_obama children book thee sing letter daughters sitting bull major character play depicted wise tragic figure nation time fort play sympathetic character hostile legend presenting general perspective native americans butcher women children
Sitting Bull