---
tags: 
- chemistry
- molecule
- drug
---

# Model Card for Roberta Zinc 480m

### Model Description

`roberta_zinc_480m` is a ~102m parameter Roberta-style masked language model ~480m SMILES 
strings from the [ZINC database](https://zinc.docking.org/). This model is useful for 
generating embeddings from SMILES strings.

- **Developed by:** Karl Heyer
- **License:** MIT


### Direct Use

Usage examples. Note that input SMILES strings should be canonicalized.

With the Transformers library:

```python
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("entropy/roberta_zinc_480m")
roberta_zinc = AutoModel.from_pretrained("entropy/roberta_zinc_480m", 
                                         add_pooling_layer=False) # model was not trained with a pooler

# smiles should be canonicalized
smiles = [
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3ccccc3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3ccccn3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3cccs3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3ccncc3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(Nc3ccccc3)ncnc2s1"
]

batch = tokenizer(smiles, return_tensors='pt', padding=True, pad_to_multiple_of=8)

# mean pooling
outputs = roberta_zinc(**batch, output_hidden_states=True)
full_embeddings = outputs[1][-1]
mask = batch['attention_mask']
embeddings = ((full_embeddings * mask.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(1) / mask.sum(-1).unsqueeze(-1))
```

With Sentence Transformers:

```python
from sentence_transformers import models, SentenceTransformer

transformer = models.Transformer("entropy/roberta_zinc_480m", 
                                 max_seq_length=256, 
                                 model_args={"add_pooling_layer": False})

pooling = models.Pooling(transformer.get_word_embedding_dimension(), 
                         pooling_mode="mean")

model = SentenceTransformer(modules=[transformer, pooling])

# smiles should be canonicalized
smiles = [
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3ccccc3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3ccccn3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3cccs3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(NCc3ccncc3)ncnc2s1",
    "Brc1cc2c(Nc3ccccc3)ncnc2s1"
]

embeddings = model.encode(smiles, convert_to_tensor=True)
```

### Training Procedure

#### Preprocessing

~480m SMILES strings were randomly sampled from the [ZINC database](https://zinc.docking.org/), 
weighted by tranche size (ie more SMILES were sampled from larger tranches). SMILES were 
canonicalized, then used to train the tokenizer.

#### Training Hyperparameters

The model was trained with cross entropy loss for 150,000 iterations with a batch size of 
4096. The model achieved a validation loss of ~0.122.

### Downstream Models

#### Decoder

There is a [decoder model](https://huggingface.co/entropy/roberta_zinc_decoder) trained to reconstruct 
inputs from embeddings generated with this model

#### Compression Encoder

There is a [compression encoder model](https://huggingface.co/entropy/roberta_zinc_compression_encoder) 
trained to compress embeddings generated by this model from the native size of 768 to 
smaller sizes (512, 256, 128, 64, 32) while preserving cosine similarity between embeddings.

#### Decomposer

There is a [embedding decomposer model](https://huggingface.co/entropy/roberta_zinc_enamine_decomposer) 
trained to "decompose" a roberta-zinc embedding into two building block embeddings from the Enamine 
library.


**BibTeX:**

@misc{heyer2023roberta,
  title={Roberta-zinc-480m},
  author={Heyer, Karl},
  year={2023}
}

**APA:**

Heyer, K. (2023). Roberta-zinc-480m.


## Model Card Authors

Karl Heyer

## Model Card Contact

karl@darmatterai.xyz

---
license: mit
---