Question: In what year were two Block I CSMs launched?

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1966


Question: How high in miles did the first block, AS-201, reach when launched?

Answer: 265.7 nautical miles

Answer: 265.7

Answer: 492.1 km

Answer: 265.7


Question: How far did the second block, AS-202, travel downrange in km?

Answer: 25,700 km

Answer: 617.1

Answer: 1,142.9

Answer: 8,477 km

Answer: (25,700 km


Question: What did these flights test on the CM?

Answer: heat shield

Answer: validated the Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield.

Answer: heat shield

Answer: Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield

Answer: heat shield.


Question: How many people were on the test flight of the AS-206?

Answer: unmanned

Answer: unmanned

Answer: unmanned

Answer: unmanned


Question: What were the astronauts wearing during the dual mission AS-278?

Answer: new Apollo spacesuit

Answer: new Apollo spacesuit

Answer: new Apollo spacesuit, designed to accommodate lunar extravehicular activity

Answer: new Apollo spacesuit

Answer: new Apollo spacesuit


Question: What was originally on the spacesuits prior to the clear "fishbowl" helmet?

Answer: traditional visor helmet

Answer: visor helmet

Answer: visor helmet

Answer: visor helmet

Answer: visor helmet


Question: What type of undergarment, if any, was included into the Apollo spacesuit?

Answer: a water-cooled undergarment

Answer: water-cooled undergarment.

Answer: water-cooled

Answer: water-cooled undergarment

Answer: water-cooled undergarment.


Question: What did the LMP acronym stand for regarding the Block II launch positions?

Answer: Lunar Module Pilot

Answer: Lunar Module Pilot

Answer: Lunar Module Pilot

Answer: Lunar Module Pilot

Answer: Lunar Module Pilot


Question: Who selected the first Apollo crew?

Answer: Deke Slayton

Answer: Deke Slayton,

Answer: Deke Slayton

Answer: Deke Slayton

Answer: Deke Slayton


Question: For which project did Deke Slayton work with before becoming Director of Flight Crew Operations?

Answer: Mercury

Answer: Eisele

Answer: Mercury

Answer: Mercury astronaut

Answer: Mercury


Question: What year did Slayton select the first Apollo crew?

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: 1966

Answer: January 1966

Answer: 1966


Question: Who was the original pilot for the first Apollo mission?

Answer: Donn F. Eisele

Answer: Slayton

Answer: Donn F. Eisele

Answer: Grissom

Answer: Eisele


Question: What crew did Eisele eventually get relocated to after having surgery and not making the first mission?

Answer: AS-205

Answer: Chaffee

Answer: prime

Answer: prime crew

Answer: AS-205


Question: What happened to the AS-205 mission originally?

Answer: canceled

Answer: canceled

Answer: canceled

Answer: canceled

Answer: canceled


Question: In what month and year was the AS-258 scheduled to launch?

Answer: August 1967

Answer: August 1967

Answer: August 1967

Answer: 1967


Question: What was the dual mission AS-258 a combination of?

Answer: AS-205/208

Answer: AS-205/208

Answer: AS-205/208

Answer: AS-205/208

Answer: AS-205/208


Question: Where were Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham relocated to after different astronauts were selected for the AS-258 mission?

Answer: Apollo 1 backup crew

Answer: promoted

Answer: Apollo 1 backup crew

Answer: Apollo 1 backup crew

Answer: Apollo 1 backup crew.


Question: Who was appointed to head a team to find the problems North America had regarding manned space flight?

Answer: Samuel Phillips

Answer: Mueller

Answer: Samuel Phillips

Answer: Samuel Phillips

Answer: Samuel Phillips


Question: What was the nickname given to the team Samuel Phillips was appointed to?

Answer: "tiger team"

Answer: tiger

Answer: tiger team

Answer: tiger team

Answer: "tiger team"


Question: What year was the first manned flight with the Lunar Module scheduled?

Answer: 1967

Answer: 1965

Answer: 1967

Answer: 1967

Answer: 1967


Question: Who appointed Samuel Phillips to man the tiger team to find answers?

Answer: George Mueller

Answer: Seamans

Answer: George Mueller

Answer: George Mueller

Answer: Mueller


Question: Where did Apollo 1's crew conduct tests at Kennedy Space Center?

Answer: altitude chamber

Answer: altitude chamber

Answer: altitude chamber

Answer: altitude chamber


Question: Who was the main crew of Apollo 1, of which they named themselves?

Answer: Grissom, White, and Chaffee

Answer: Apollo 1

Answer: Grissom, White, and Chaffee

Answer: Grissom, White, and Chaffee


Question: What was a plugs-out test done to simulate on the LC-34?

Answer: launch countdown

Answer: simulate a launch countdown on

Answer: simulate a launch countdown

Answer: simulate a launch countdown

Answer: launch countdown


Question: What other location did Apollo 1 test at besides Kennedy Space Center?

Answer: North American

Answer: North American

Answer: North American

Answer: North American


Question: What was the first problem astronauts encountered during the plugs-out test?

Answer: strange odor in their spacesuits

Answer: odor

Answer: strange odor in their spacesuits

Answer: strange odor

Answer: strange odor in their spacesuits


Question: When did the very first plugs-out test occur?

Answer: January 27, 1967

Answer: 1967

Answer: January 27, 1967

Answer: January 27, 1967

Answer: January 27, 1967


Question: What happened during the plugs-out test during the delay for the spacesuit odor?

Answer: electrical fire

Answer: ectrical fire

Answer: delayed the sealing of the hatch

Answer: electrical fire

Answer: communications problems


Question: What happened to the crew onboard during the plugs-out test?

Answer: asphyxiated

Answer: asphyxiated

Answer: asphyxiated

Answer: asphyxiated


Question: What type of atmosphere helped fuel the fire throughout the cabin?

Answer: 100% oxygen

Answer: electrical

Answer: 100% oxygen

Answer: oxygen atmosphere

Answer: 100% oxygen


Question: Who kept tabs on the accident review board that NASA created?

Answer: both houses of Congress

Answer: Congress

Answer: both houses of Congress

Answer: both houses of Congress

Answer: both houses of Congress.


Question: What was found to be at fault for the fire in the cabin on Apollo 1 regarding the CM design?

Answer: deficiencies

Answer: workmanship and quality control

Answer: deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control

Answer: "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control."


Question: Who ended up replacing Joseph Francis Shea as ASPO Manager?

Answer: George Low

Answer: Low

Answer: George Low

Answer: George Low

Answer: George Low.


Question: How soon after the cabin fire incident did NASA create its accident review board?

Answer: immediately

Answer: immediately

Answer: immediately

Answer: immediately


Question: What type of mixture was created to replace the pure oxygen atmosphere inside the cabin?

Answer: nitrogen/oxygen mixture

Answer: nitrogen/oxygen

Answer: nitrogen/oxygen

Answer: nitrogen/oxygen mixture

Answer: nitrogen/oxygen


Question: What type of materials inside the cabin were removed to help prevent more fire hazards in the future?

Answer: flammable cabin and space suit materials

Answer: flammable cabin

Answer: flammable

Answer: flammable cabin and space suit materials

Answer: flammable cabin and space suit materials.


Question: The door on the Block II design was eventually replaced with what kind of model?

Answer: quick-release, outward opening door

Answer: Block I plug-type hatch cover

Answer: quick-release

Answer: quick-release, outward opening door

Answer: quick-release, outward opening door


Question: What eventually happened to the Block I program after the incident?

Answer: discontinued

Answer: discontinued

Answer: unmanned Saturn V flights

Answer: discontinued

Answer: discontinued


Question: Crew members were required to wear what type of space suit during testing after the incident?

Answer: fire-resistant Block II

Answer: Crew members

Answer: fire-resistant Block II

Answer: fire-resistant

Answer: modified, fire-resistant Block II space suits,


Question: What type of missions were approved by Mueller after the incident?

Answer: sequence

Answer: manned lunar landing.

Answer: had to be successfully accomplished

Answer: sequence of mission types

Answer: sequence


Question: What had to happen to each mission before they would continue on to the next mission?

Answer: successful

Answer: successfully accomplished

Answer: successfully accomplished

Answer: successfully accomplished


Question: Since NASA didn't know how many attempts each test would end up requiring, what did they use instead of numbers for the trials?

Answer: letters

Answer: letters

Answer: letters were used instead of numbers

Answer: letters


Question: What was the technical name of the first unmanned Saturn V flight, Apollo 4?

Answer: AS-501

Answer: AS-501

Answer: AS-501

Answer: AS-501

Answer: AS-501


Question: What was one thing that was specifically tested on the Apollo 4 test launch regarding the CM?

Answer: heat shield

Answer: Service Module engine

Answer: heat shield

Answer: capability of the Command Module's heat shield to survive a trans-lunar reentry

Answer: capability of the Command Module's heat shield to survive a trans-lunar reentry


Question: When was Apollo 6, or AS-502, tested?

Answer: April 4, 1968

Answer: 1968

Answer: April 4, 1968

Answer: April 4, 1968

Answer: April 4, 1968


Question: What was cancelled by NASA after the Apollo 6 testing, after deeming the Saturn V ready to hold men?

Answer: third unmanned test

Answer: Apollo 6

Answer: third unmanned test

Answer: cancelling a third unmanned test

Answer: third unmanned test.


Question: Which Apollo was the first testing of the LM, unmanned, in Earth's orbit?

Answer: Apollo 5

Answer: Apollo 5

Answer: Apollo 5

Answer: Apollo 5

Answer: Apollo 5


Question: From what pad was Apollo 5 launched from?

Answer: pad 37

Answer: 37

Answer: 37

Answer: pad 37

Answer: pad 37


Question: Who initially wanted more unmanned testing done regarding the LM?

Answer: Grumman

Answer: Low

Answer: Grumman

Answer: Grumman

Answer: Grumman


Question: Was the testing of the LM during Apollo 5 a failure or a success?

Answer: success

Answer: success

Answer: LM engines were successfully test-fired and restarted

Answer: successfully


Question: What was the nickname for the test where, during abort mode, the ascent engine was started and fired?

Answer: "fire-in-the-hole"

Answer: fire-in-the-hole

Answer: fire-in-the-hole

Answer: fire-in-the-hole

Answer: "fire-in-the-hole"


Question: What type of Saturn was originally going to be used for Apollo 8?

Answer: two Saturn IBs

Answer: V

Answer: two Saturn IBs

Answer: Saturn V

Answer: two Saturn IBs


Question: What spacecraft did the Soviets use to send animals to space and around the moon's orbit?

Answer: Zond 5

Answer: Zond 5

Answer: Zond 5

Answer: Zond 5

Answer: Zond 5


Question: On what day were images of the moon's surface transmitted to Earth via television images?

Answer: Christmas Eve

Answer: Christmas Eve

Answer: Christmas Eve

Answer: Christmas Eve


Question: What did Low suggest using Apollo 8 for instead of simply orbiting the Earth's surface?

Answer: orbit the Moon

Answer: orbit the Moon

Answer: to orbit the Moon

Answer: orbit the Moon

Answer: orbit the Moon


Question: What did the Soviets intend to use in spacecraft after the success of Zond 5?

Answer: human cosmonauts

Answer: human cosmonauts

Answer: human cosmonauts

Answer: human cosmonauts


Question: From what project did the Apollo 11 crew consist entirely of?

Answer: Gemini

Answer: all-Gemini veteran

Answer: Gemini

Answer: all-Gemini veteran crew

Answer: Gemini


Question: In what month and year did the Apollo 11 mission occur?

Answer: July 1969

Answer: July

Answer: July 1969

Answer: July 20, 1969

Answer: July 1969


Question: What did the astronauts on the moon send back to Earth live via signals?

Answer: black-and-white television

Answer: automated scientific instruments

Answer: black-and-white television

Answer: black-and-white television

Answer: black-and-white television


Question: Who were the astronauts aboard the Apollo 11 mission?

Answer: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin

Answer: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin

Answer: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin

Answer: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin

Answer: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin.


Question: What day did the Apollo 11 crew return to Earth?

Answer: July 24

Answer: July 24.

Answer: July 24

Answer: July 24

Answer: July 24


Question: Charles Conrad and Alan Bean were on what spacecraft to the moon?

Answer: Apollo 12

Answer: Apollo 12

Answer: Apollo 12

Answer: Apollo 12

Answer: Apollo 12


Question: Which lunar probe was near the Apollo 12 crew's landing site?

Answer: Surveyor 3

Answer: Surveyor 3

Answer: Surveyor 3

Answer: Surveyor 3

Answer: Surveyor 3


Question: What did the crew of Apollo 12 do with parts of the Surveyor they landed near after photographing them?

Answer: returned to Earth

Answer: color television camera

Answer: returned to Earth

Answer: removed some parts

Answer: returned to Earth.


Question: What damaged the color TV camera that Apollo 12 had taken into space?

Answer: the Sun

Answer: Sun

Answer: the Sun

Answer: the Sun

Answer: pointed into the Sun.


Question: What would the latter Apollo missions carry to the moon to increase exploration?

Answer: Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)

Answer: payload capacity

Answer: Lunar Roving Vehicle

Answer: lunar orbital sensors and cameras

Answer: Lunar Roving Vehicle


Question: What was redesigned to allow better maneuverability in the LRV?

Answer: Block II spacesuit

Answer: Block II spacesuit

Answer: the mass of the CSM and LM

Answer: Block II spacesuit


Question: How many more landing sites for the Apollo missions did NASA have planned?

Answer: eight

Answer: five

Answer: five

Answer: eight

Answer: eight


Question: How long would the astronauts be project to be able to stay on the moon for in the latter missions?

Answer: over three days

Answer: three days.

Answer: over three days

Answer: over three days

Answer: over three days


Question: What would have to be increased regarding the LM and CSM for the last five missions?

Answer: mass

Answer: exploration area

Answer: mass

Answer: mass

Answer: mass


Question: What happened to the Apollo 13 crew to force them to use the LM as a "life boat" as it had been designed?

Answer: liquid oxygen tank exploded

Answer: liquid oxygen tank exploded,

Answer: liquid oxygen tank exploded

Answer: liquid oxygen tank exploded

Answer: liquid oxygen tank exploded, disabling the Service Module


Question: Along with one veteran, what other two types of crew could be included in lieu of veterans after the successful landings of Apollo 11 and 12?

Answer: rookies

Answer: Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise

Answer: two rookies

Answer: rookies


Question: What happened to the Apollo program in for the rest of 1970 after the incident regarding Apollo 13?

Answer: grounded

Answer: oxygen tank was redesigned

Answer: grounded

Answer: Apollo was grounded

Answer: grounded


Question: What was redesigned during the Apollo program being grounded during 1970?

Answer: oxygen tank

Answer: oxygen tank

Answer: oxygen tank

Answer: oxygen tank

Answer: oxygen tank


Question: What month and year was Apollo 13 launched?

Answer: April 1970

Answer: April

Answer: April 1970

Answer: April 1970

Answer: April 1970,


Question: What Apollo mission was first cancelled due to not being needed to build the Skylab in space, as it was pre-built on the ground?

Answer: Apollo 20

Answer: Saturn V to

Answer: Apollo 20

Answer: Apollo 20

Answer: Apollo 20.


Question: What happened to NASA's budget after the first successful moon landing?

Answer: began to shrink

Answer: NASA also had to make funds available

Answer: began to shrink

Answer: began to shrink

Answer: shrink


Question: After Apollo missions 18 and 19 were cancelled, what happened to the Saturn Vs that were never used?

Answer: museum exhibits

Answer: museum exhibits

Answer: museum exhibits

Answer: museum exhibits

Answer: museum exhibits


Question: What year was the decision made to cancel Apollo missions 18 and 19?

Answer: 1971

Answer: 1971

Answer: 1971

Answer: 1971

Answer: 1971


Question: How did the rocks on the moon compare to those on Earth?

Answer: extremely old

Answer: old

Answer: extremely old

Answer: extremely old

Answer: old


Question: How old were some of the oldest rock samples found on the moon?

Answer: 4.6 billion years

Answer: 4.6 billion years

Answer: .2 billion years for the basaltic samples derived from the lunar maria, to about 4.6 billion years for samples derived from the highlands crust

Answer: 4.6 billion


Question: What new component was found in certain rocks from the moon?

Answer: KREEP

Answer: calcium-rich feldspar mineral anorthite,

Answer: anorthite

Answer: feldspar mineral anorthite

Answer: KREEP


Question: What was the name of the rock found during the Apollo 15 mission that KREEP was discovered in?

Answer: Genesis Rock

Answer: Genesis

Answer: Genesis Rock

Answer: Genesis Rock

Answer: anorthosite


Question: As the moon has no atmosphere, what is prevalant in many moon rock samples brought back from Apollo missions?

Answer: micrometeoroid impact craters

Answer: micrometeoroid impact craters

Answer: micrometeoroid impact craters

Answer: micrometeoroid impact craters

Answer: micrometeoroid impact craters


Question: What do a great majority of rocks sampled from the moon show?

Answer: impact process effects

Answer: micrometeoroid impact craters

Answer: high pressure shock waves

Answer: subjected to high pressure shock waves

Answer: evidence of impact process effects


Question: What is impact melt that some samples of moon rocks show?

Answer: materials melted near an impact crater.

Answer: materials melted near an impact crater

Answer: materials melted near an impact crater

Answer: materials melted near an impact crater

Answer: materials melted near an impact crater.


Question: How much was NASA's procured spending on the Apollo project estimated to be at in 2005 after inflation?

Answer: $170 billion

Answer: 170 billion

Answer: 170 billion

Answer: $170 billion

Answer: roughly $170 billion.


Question: How many Saturn V rockets were produced by NASA during the Apollo project?

Answer: 15

Answer: 15

Answer: 15

Answer: 15 Saturn V rockets

Answer: 15


Question: How much was the Apollo project estimated to have cost from 1959 to 1973, the length of the program?

Answer: $20.4 billion

Answer: 20.4 billion,

Answer: 20.4 billion

Answer: $20.4 billion

Answer: $20.4 billion


Question: What did NASA name the series seeking up to 30 more flights to Earth's orbit?

Answer: Apollo X

Answer: Apollo Extension Series

Answer: Apollo Extension Series

Answer: Apollo X

Answer: Apollo Extension Series


Question: What did the acronym AAP stand for?

Answer: Apollo Applications Program

Answer: Apollo Applications Program

Answer: Apollo Applications Program

Answer: Apollo Applications Program

Answer: Apollo Applications Program


Question: What planet was named for a fly-by mission by an empty S-IVB?

Answer: Venus

Answer: Venus

Answer: Venus

Answer: Venus


Question: When was the Skylab launched?

Answer: 1973

Answer: 1973

Answer: 1973

Answer: 1973

Answer: 1973


Question: Was the Skylab assembled on Earth's surface or in space?

Answer: on the ground

Answer: on the ground

Answer: constructed complete on the ground

Answer: on the ground


Question: When was Skylab's last crew on the station before it re-entered Earth's atmosphere?

Answer: February 8, 1974

Answer: February 8, 1974,

Answer: February 8, 1974

Answer: February 8, 1974

Answer: February 8, 1974


Question: The Skylab had what type of equipment onboard that was supposed to be used in a different mission?

Answer: Apollo Telescope Mount

Answer: Apollo Telescope Mount

Answer: solar telescope

Answer: Apollo Telescope Mount

Answer: Apollo Telescope Mount


Question: Which NASA orbiter photographed evidence of each site on the moon that a manned Apollo mission landing occurred?

Answer: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Answer: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's SELENE

Answer: Reconnaissance Orbiter

Answer: robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Answer: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter


Question: The flags on the moon left by the U.S. manned Apollo missions are all still standing save for which mission's flag?

Answer: Apollo 11

Answer: Apollo 11

Answer: Apollo 11

Answer: Apollo 11


Question: Do the U.S. flags on the moon still have their original coloring or were they faded due to the Sun?

Answer: unknown

Answer: retain their original colors

Answer: unknown

Answer: degree to which these flags retain their original colors remains unknown

Answer: unknown


Question: What crew sent the first ever live images of the Earth and Moon to earth?

Answer: Apollo 8

Answer: Apollo 8

Answer: Apollo 8

Answer: Apollo 8

Answer: Apollo 8


Question: From what Bible book did the crew of Apollo 8 read from during this stream of images?

Answer: Book of Genesis

Answer: Genesis

Answer: Genesis

Answer: Book of Genesis

Answer: Genesis


Question: How much of the population of Earth ended up seeing the images of the Earth and the Moon?

Answer: one-quarter

Answer: one-quarter

Answer: one-quarter

Answer: one-quarter of the population

Answer: one-quarter


Question: After an eventful and tiring year for the world during 1968, what type of ending to the year did the images from space provide?

Answer: inspiring end

Answer: inspiring

Answer: inspiring

Answer: inspiring end

Answer: inspiring


Question: What type of camera was used to record the Moon landing?

Answer: special Apollo TV camera

Answer: Apollo TV camera

Answer: Apollo TV

Answer: Apollo TV camera

Answer: Apollo TV camera


Question: Was this footage compatible or incompatible with live broadcast TV formats?

Answer: incompatible

Answer: had to be converted

Answer: incompatible

Answer: format incompatible with broadcast TV

Answer: incompatible


Question: What happened to prompt NASA to record over archived magnetic tapes?

Answer: magnetic tape shortage

Answer: remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over

Answer: magnetic tape shortage

Answer: magnetic tape shortage

Answer: magnetic tape shortage


Question: What did NASA record over the older archived tapes?

Answer: newer satellite data

Answer: the National Archives and Records Administration

Answer: newer satellite data

Answer: satellite data

Answer: satellite data


Question: Who worked later on to find these missing magnetic tapes that had data stored on them?

Answer: Stan Lebar

Answer: Nafzger

Answer: Stan Lebar

Answer: Stan Lebar

Answer: Stan Lebar


Question: Who compiled the original surviving Apollo 11 landing data?

Answer: Nafzger

Answer: Nafzger

Answer: Nafzger

Answer: Nafzger

Answer: Nafzger


Question: Were the tapes able to be restored and processed without destroying historical legitimacy or did some aspects of the tapes lose legitimacy?

Answer: without destroying historical legitimacy

Answer: Lowry Digital f

Answer: without destroying historical legitimacy

Answer: processed to remove random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy

Answer: without destroying historical legitimacy


Question: What types of recordings at Johnson Space Center were used to help restore the original tapes?

Answer: kinescope recordings

Answer: kinescope

Answer: kinescope recordings

Answer: kinescope


Question: Which company was tasked with trying to restore the original tapes?

Answer: Lowry Digital

Answer: CBS

Answer: Lowry Digital

Answer: Lowry Digital

Answer: Lowry Digital


Question: Were the restored tapes able to have color added to them to enhance the picture or did they remain black and white?

Answer: black and white

Answer: black and white,

Answer: black and white

Answer: remaining in black and white

Answer: remaining in black and white,


Question: What are the three sources of European Union law?

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law.

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law


Question: What is European Union Law?

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives


Question: What are the main sources of primary law?

Answer: Treaties establishing the European Union

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union


Question: What are the secondary sources of primary law?

Answer: regulations and directives

Answer: regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties

Answer: regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties

Answer: regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties


Question: What are the two bodies that make up the European Union's legislature?

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union


Question: What is European Union law?

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives

Answer: a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives


Question: What effect does European Union law have on laws of member states?

Answer: direct effect or indirect effect

Answer: direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states

Answer: direct effect or indirect effect

Answer: direct effect or indirect effect


Question: What are the three sources of European Union law?

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law


Question: What are the main legislative bodies of the European Union?

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union


Question: What are the three main sources of European Union law?

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law

Answer: primary law, secondary law and supplementary law


Question: What are the main sources of primary law?

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union

Answer: the Treaties establishing the European Union


Question: What is the legislature of the European Union comprised of?

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union


Question: How many sources of European Union law are there?

Answer: three

Answer: three

Answer: three

Answer: three


Question: Who applies European Union law?

Answer: courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union


Question: Who can enforce the European Union law when member states provide lesser rights?

Answer: courts of member states

Answer: the courts of member states

Answer: the courts of member states

Answer: the courts of member states


Question: Under what treaty can the European Commission take action against member states?

Answer: Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union


Question: What is the highest court in the European Union?

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice


Question: What is one of the supplementary sources of European Union law?

Answer: international law

Answer: case law by the Court of Justice

Answer: case law by the Court of Justice

Answer: case law by the Court of Justice


Question: Which two courts apply European Union law?

Answer: courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union


Question: Under what treaty can the European Commission take action against member states?

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union


Question: Which court is the highest court in the European Union?

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice


Question: What is one supplementary source of European Union law?

Answer: international law

Answer: international law

Answer: international law

Answer: international law


Question: By whom is European Law applied by?

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union


Question: Who can enforce European Union law?

Answer: the courts of member states

Answer: the courts of member states

Answer: the courts of member states

Answer: the courts of member states


Question: What is the highest court in European Union law?

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice


Question: What are some supplementary sources of European Union law?

Answer: case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law

Answer: general principles of European Union law

Answer: case law by the Court of Justice

Answer: case law by the Court of Justice


Question: What are the two primary constitutional sources of the European Union?

Answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)


Question: Who has the power to initiate legislation within the European Union?

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: The European Commission


Question: Who elects the members of the European Parliament?

Answer: citizens

Answer: citizens

Answer: citizens

Answer: citizens


Question: What court is able to interpret European Union law?

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice

Answer: The European Court of Justice


Question: What governing body appoints commissioners and the board of European Central Bank?

Answer: The "European Council"

Answer: The "European Council"

Answer: The "European Council"

Answer: The "European Council"


Question: Which treaty provides that the European Union law be applied to metropolitan territories of member states?

Answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

Answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

Answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)

Answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU)


Question: Are there any regions where the Treaty of European Union excludes from jurisdiction?

Answer: the Faroe Islands

Answer: the Faroe Islands

Answer: the Faroe Islands

Answer: the Faroe Islands


Question: What powers does the Court of Justice of the European Union have in regards to treaties?

Answer: can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties


Question: Under what instances can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of European Union?

Answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.

Answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

Answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional

Answer: if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional


Question: When do treaties apply?

Answer: as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise

Answer: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force

Answer: as soon as they enter into force

Answer: as soon as they enter into force


Question: What are the core treaties that the primary law of the EU consists of?

Answer: Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)


Question: What are some examples of territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?

Answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

Answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

Answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands

Answer: Gibraltar and the Åland islands


Question: When do the stated Treaties apply?

Answer: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise

Answer: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period

Answer: as soon as they enter into force

Answer: as soon as they enter into force


Question: Who is suited to interpret the Treaties?

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: The Court of Justice of the European Union


Question: How did the principle treaties that form the European Union begin?

Answer: with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy

Answer: with common rules for coal and steel

Answer: with common rules for coal and steel

Answer: with common rules for coal and steel


Question: Which two treaties provided more formal institutions of the European Union?

Answer: Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992

Answer: the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992

Answer: the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU)

Answer: the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU)


Question: In what years did Spain and Portugal join the European Union?

Answer: 1985

Answer: 1985

Answer: 1985

Answer: 1985


Question: In 1972, did Norway end up joining the European Union?

Answer: in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining)

Answer: not

Answer: not

Answer: not


Question: Which country in 1985 signed a treaty to give it special status?

Answer: Greenland

Answer: Greenland

Answer: Greenland

Answer: Greenland


Question: What caused the need for principal Treaties that ended up forming the EU?

Answer: common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy

Answer: common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy

Answer: with common rules for coal and steel

Answer: with common rules for coal and steel


Question: When year was the Maastrich Treaty signed?

Answer: 1992

Answer: 1992

Answer: 1992

Answer: 1992


Question: When was the Single European Act made?

Answer: 1986

Answer: 1986

Answer: 1986

Answer: 1986


Question: When did Denmark join the EU?

Answer: 1972

Answer: 1972

Answer: 1972

Answer: 1972


Question: When did Greenland sign a Treaty granting them special status?

Answer: 1985

Answer: 1985

Answer: 1985

Answer: 1985


Question: When was there an attempt to reform the law of the EU?

Answer: Following the Nice Treaty

Answer: 2004

Answer: Following the Nice Treaty

Answer: Following the Nice Treaty


Question: What two country's referendums curtailed a constitution for Europe?

Answer: referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

Answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

Answer: referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

Answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands


Question: How similar was the Lisbon Treaty to the constitutional treaty?

Answer: very similar

Answer: very similar

Answer: very similar

Answer: very similar


Question: What type of treaty was the Lisbon Treaty?

Answer: an amending treaty

Answer: an amending treaty

Answer: an amending treaty

Answer: an amending treaty


Question: Is the Lisbon Treaty one that would alter existing treaties or replace them?

Answer: altered the existing treaties

Answer: it significantly altered the existing treaties

Answer: significantly altered the existing treaties

Answer: altered the existing treaties


Question: What reform was attempted following the Nice Treaty?

Answer: there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

Answer: an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

Answer: there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent

Answer: an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent


Question: What was an additional projected effect of the attempted reform?

Answer: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

Answer: this would have also produced a single constitutional document

Answer: would have also produced a single constitutional document

Answer: this would have also produced a single constitutional document


Question: Which caused the reform to never come into force?

Answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

Answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

Answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands

Answer: the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands


Question: What treaty took the place of constitutional treaty?

Answer: the Lisbon Treaty

Answer: the Lisbon Treaty

Answer: the Lisbon Treaty

Answer: the Lisbon Treaty


Question: What is the main executive body of the EU?

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: The European Commission


Question: Who is the sole governing authority capable of initiating legislative proposals?

Answer: the Commission

Answer: The European Commission

Answer: the Commission

Answer: the Commission


Question: Which authority figure is designated to schedule and set the work of the EU?

Answer: The Commission's President

Answer: The Commission's President

Answer: The Commission's President

Answer: The Commission's President (


Question: For each of the 28 member states, how many Commissioner's are represented for each one?

Answer: one Commissioner for each of the 28 member states

Answer: one

Answer: one

Answer: one


Question: Who is the current President and the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?

Answer: Federica Mogherini

Answer: Jean-Claude Juncker

Answer: Jean-Claude Juncker

Answer: Jean-Claude Juncker


Question: Which article of the Treaty on European Union states that Commissioners should be completely independent and not take instructions from any Government?

Answer: Article 17(3)

Answer: Article 17(3)

Answer: Article 17(3)

Answer: Article 17(3)


Question: Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?

Answer: The Commission's President

Answer: The Commission's President

Answer: The Commission's President

Answer: The Commission's President


Question: How are decisions made on behave of the EU made?

Answer: simple majority vote

Answer: simple majority vote

Answer: a simple majority vote

Answer: a simple majority


Question: Which country refused to content to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007?

Answer: Ireland

Answer: Ireland

Answer: Ireland

Answer: Ireland


Question: Who are the un-elected subordinates of member state governments?

Answer: Commissioners

Answer: Commissioners

Answer: Commissioners

Answer: Commissioners


Question: What commission was censured in 1999, and paved the way for Commissioners to abuse their power?

Answer: the Santer Commission

Answer: the Santer Commission

Answer: the Santer Commission

Answer: the Santer Commission


Question: Did the European Court of Justice rule the defendant in the case of Commission v. Edith Cresson broke any laws?

Answer: did in fact not break any law

Answer: not

Answer: not

Answer: not


Question: Who found that there was a developed culture of Commissioner's who lacked responsibility?

Answer: Committee of Independent Experts

Answer: a Committee of Independent Experts

Answer: Committee of Independent Experts

Answer: Committee of Independent Experts


Question: Who appoints the board of the European Central Bank?

Answer: European Council

Answer: the European Council

Answer: the European Council

Answer: the European Council


Question: Can the President of the Council vote on important matters related to the European Central Bank?

Answer: do not have voting rights

Answer: not

Answer: not

Answer: not


Question: When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?

Answer: 1999

Answer: 1999

Answer: 1999

Answer: 1999


Question: The censuring of the Santer Commission  resulted in which main case?

Answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

Answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

Answer: Commission v Edith Cresson

Answer: Commission v Edith Cresson


Question: Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had any sense of responsibility?

Answer: a Committee of Independent Experts

Answer: a Committee of Independent Experts

Answer: Committee of Independent Experts

Answer: Committee of Independent Experts


Question: The corruption found by the Committee of Independent Experts resulted to the creation of what office?

Answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

Answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

Answer: the European Anti-fraud Office

Answer: the European Anti-fraud Office


Question: When did the European Anti-Fraud Office investigate John Dalli?

Answer: 2012

Answer: 2012

Answer: 2012

Answer: 2012


Question: Which two governing bodies have legislative veto power?

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union


Question: What can't Parliament do that causes equality and democracy to be deficient?

Answer: cannot initiate legislation against the Commission's wishes

Answer: Parliament cannot initiate legislation against the Commission's wishes

Answer: initiate legislation against the Commission's wishes

Answer: cannot initiate legislation against the Commission's wishes


Question: How often do Parliament elections take place?

Answer: every five years

Answer: every five years

Answer: every five years

Answer: every five years


Question: How much of a voting majority must there be to effectively censure the Commission?

Answer: two-thirds majority

Answer: a two-thirds majority

Answer: a two-thirds majority

Answer: a two-thirds majority


Question: What two bodies must the Parliament go through first to pass legislation?

Answer: the Commission and Council

Answer: the Commission and Council

Answer: the Commission and Council

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union


Question: Which entity has a monopoly on initiating legislation?

Answer: the Commission

Answer: the Commission

Answer: the Commission

Answer: the Commission


Question: Which entities have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Answer: the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union


Question: When did the first direct elections take place?

Answer: 1979

Answer: 1979

Answer: 1979

Answer: 1979


Question: How often do Parliament elections take place?

Answer: every five years

Answer: every five years

Answer: every five years,

Answer: every five years


Question: Which party is currently the largest among political party lines?

Answer: the conservative European People's Party

Answer: European People's Party

Answer: European People's Party

Answer: European People's Party


Question: The legislative body, the Council, are made up of what type of individuals?

Answer: different ministers of the member states

Answer: ministers

Answer: different ministers of the member states

Answer: different ministers of the member states


Question: Who is currently the President of the Council?

Answer: Donald Tusk

Answer: Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk

Answer: Donald Tusk

Answer: Donald Tusk


Question: How are the votes weighted to ensure that smaller states aren't dominated by larger ones?

Answer: inversely

Answer: it is weighted inversely to member state size

Answer: it is weighted inversely to member state size

Answer: weighted inversely to member state size


Question: What are the total number of votes to be counted during the voting process?

Answer: 352

Answer: 352 votes

Answer: 352

Answer: 352


Question: Currently, how many votes out of the 352 total votes are needed for a majority?

Answer: 260

Answer: 260

Answer: 260

Answer: 260


Question: Which entity is the secondary legislative body?

Answer: the Council

Answer: the Council

Answer: the Council

Answer: the Council


Question: How often does the European Council meet?

Answer: each six months

Answer: each six months

Answer: each six months

Answer: each six months


Question: How many votes in total does the Council have?

Answer: 352

Answer: 352

Answer: 352

Answer: 352


Question: What is defined as the majority vote?

Answer: at least 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent of the population of the EU

Answer: 74 per cent, or 260 of the 352 votes

Answer: 74 per cent, or 260 of the 352 votes

Answer: 74 per cent, or 260 of the 352 votes


Question: What type of vote must the Parliament have to either block or suggest changes to the Commission's proposals?

Answer: a majority

Answer: a Commission proposal

Answer: a Commission proposal

Answer: a Commission proposal


Question: What type of vote must the Council pass in order to approve of any changes recommended by Parliament?

Answer: qualified majority

Answer: qualified majority

Answer: a majority

Answer: a majority


Question: Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?

Answer: harder

Answer: harder

Answer: harder

Answer: harder


Question: What articles state that unless conferred, powers remain with member states?

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5


Question: Within the EU, which court believes they have the final word deciding on EU's competence?

Answer: Court of Justice

Answer: the Court of Justice

Answer: the Court of Justice

Answer: the Court of Justice


Question: Which TFEU article defines the ordinary legislative procedure that applies for majority of EU acts?

Answer: TFEU article 294

Answer: TFEU article 294

Answer: TFEU article 294

Answer: TFEU article 294


Question: What can block a legislation?

Answer: legislation can be blocked by a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission

Answer: unanimity

Answer: unanimity

Answer: a majority in Parliament


Question: Which articles state that powers stay with member states unless they've been conferred?

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5

Answer: TEU articles 4 and 5


Question: What entity is created if the three different institutions cannot come to a consensus at any stage?

Answer: Conciliation Committee

Answer: a "Conciliation Committee"

Answer: a "Conciliation Committee"

Answer: a "Conciliation Committee"


Question: Which branch of the EU has had the most influence on the development of EU law?

Answer: judicial branch

Answer: The judicial branch

Answer: The judicial branch

Answer: The judicial branch


Question: What is the main judicial body of the EU?

Answer: Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)


Question: How many total judges are there in the EU?

Answer: 28

Answer: 28

Answer: 28

Answer: 28


Question: Under which courts is most EU law applied?

Answer: member state courts

Answer: member state courts

Answer: member state courts

Answer: member state courts


Question: What is the CJEU's duty?

Answer: ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed

Answer: "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"

Answer: "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"

Answer: "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"


Question: How is the judicial branch of the EU an important factor in the development of EU law?

Answer: by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration

Answer: assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration

Answer: has the ability to expand and develop the law according to the principles it deems to be appropriate

Answer: has the ability to expand and develop the law according to the principles it deems to be appropriate


Question: What is the current main judicial body of the EU?

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Answer: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)


Question: What entity deals with EU staff issues?

Answer: Civil Service Tribunal

Answer: Civil Service Tribunal

Answer: Civil Service Tribunal

Answer: Civil Service Tribunal


Question: How long is one term for an elected president of the CJEU?

Answer: three years

Answer: three years

Answer: three years

Answer: three years


Question: What is the CJEU's duty?

Answer: to "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"

Answer: "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"

Answer: "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"

Answer: "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed"


Question: If there is a conflict between EU law and national law, which law take precedence?

Answer: EU law

Answer: EU law has primacy

Answer: EU law has primacy

Answer: EU law


Question: What was the reason the Italian Constitutional court gave that resulted in Mr. Costa losing his his claim against ENEL?

Answer: nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958

Answer: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

Answer: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim

Answer: because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim


Question: What were the years two Regulations that conflicted with an Italian law originate in the Simmenthal SpA case?

Answer: 1964 and 1968

Answer: 1964 and 1968

Answer: 1964 and 1968

Answer: 1964 and 1968


Question: Which entities have had to develop principles dedicated to conflict resolution between laws of different systems?

Answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

Answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

Answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts

Answer: the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts


Question: When did Costa v ENEL take place?

Answer: 1964

Answer: 1964

Answer: 1964

Answer: 1964


Question: Which court argued that the Treaty of Rome did not prevent energy nationalism?

Answer: the Court of Justice

Answer: the Court of Justice

Answer: The Italian Constitutional Court

Answer: The Italian Constitutional Court


Question: What do all member states agree takes precedence over national law?

Answer: EU law

Answer: EU law

Answer: EU law

Answer: EU law


Question: What issues do member states say the Court of Justice does not have the final say on?

Answer: foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights

Answer: foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights

Answer: foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights

Answer: on foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights


Question: When was the European Communities Act created?

Answer: 1972

Answer: 1972

Answer: 1972

Answer: 1972


Question: What does the EU's legitimacy rest on?

Answer: the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people.

Answer: the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people

Answer: the ultimate authority of member states

Answer: the ultimate authority of member states


Question: In what cases can the EU not override German law?

Answer: if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles

Answer: if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles

Answer: if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles


Question: Which type of law makes EU institutions and its member states follow the law?

Answer: administrative law

Answer: administrative law

Answer: administrative law


Question: During what year were citizens or corporations said to not be able to bring claims against other non state parties?

Answer: 1986

Answer: 1986

Answer: 1986


Question: Which actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review?

Answer: All actions

Answer: All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review

Answer: All actions


Question: Which type of law concerns the EU's governance structure?

Answer: constitutional law

Answer: constitutional law

Answer: constitutional law


Question: In which case was it held that the provisions of the treaties are directly effective if they are clear, unconditional, and don't require further action by EU or national authorities?

Answer: Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen

Answer: Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen

Answer: Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen


Question: Which TEFU article states that no quantitative restrictions can be placed on trade?

Answer: article 30

Answer: TFEU article 30

Answer: TFEU article 30


Question: What type of company is Van Gend en Loos?

Answer: a postal company

Answer: a postal company

Answer: a postal company


Question: What are EU Regulations essentially the same as in the case mentioned?

Answer: Treaty provisions

Answer: EU Regulations are the same as Treaty provisions in this sense, because as TFEU article 288 states, they are ‘directly applicable in all Member States’

Answer: they are ‘directly applicable in all Member States’


Question: What generally does not allow citizens to sue other citizens?

Answer: Directives

Answer: Directives

Answer: Directives


Question: How many paid holiday days does the Working Time directive require workers to have each year?

Answer: 4 weeks

Answer: 4 weeks paid holidays each year

Answer: 4 weeks paid


Question: How many paid holiday days do most member states require?

Answer: 28 days

Answer: more than 28 days

Answer: more than 28 days


Question: When did the three Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?

Answer: early 1990s

Answer: the early 1990s

Answer: early 1990s


Question: What happens first if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?

Answer: the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws, and a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action

Answer: the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws

Answer: the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws


Question: What happens secondly if a Directive's deadline is not met?

Answer: a citizen or company can invoke a Directive, not just in a dispute with a public authority, but in a dispute with another citizen or company

Answer: a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action (so called "vertical" direct effect)

Answer: a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action


Question: How long did Ms Kucukdeveci work for Swedex Gmbh & Co KG before she was dismissed?

Answer: 10 years

Answer: 10 years

Answer: 10 years


Question: Which company did Mrs Foster work for?

Answer: British Gas plc

Answer: British Gas plc

Answer: British Gas plc


Question: At what age did British Gas plc force their workers to retire?

Answer: women retire at age 60 and men at 65

Answer: women retire at age 60 and men at 65

Answer: women retire at age 60 and men at 65


Question: Which courts have a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible?

Answer: national courts

Answer: national courts

Answer: national courts


Question: What does the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?

Answer: incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons

Answer: incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons

Answer: incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons


Question: What did the Italian government fail to do in Francovich v Italy?

Answer: failed to set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent

Answer: to set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent, as the Insolvency Protection Directive required

Answer: to set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent, as the Insolvency Protection Directive required


Question: How much money was Francovich allowed to claim from the Italian goverment in damages?

Answer: 6 million Lira

Answer: 6 million Lira

Answer: 6 million Lira


Question: Which entity developed the principles of European Union Law?

Answer: the European Court of Justice

Answer: the European Court of Justice

Answer: the European Court


Question: What are some of the accepted general principles of European Union law?

Answer: fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity

Answer: fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity

Answer: fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity


Question: How long has Proportionality been recognized as one of the general principles of EU law?

Answer: since the 1950s

Answer: since the 1950s

Answer: since the 1950s


Question: Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC treaty?

Answer: in Article 5

Answer: the lawfulness of an action depends on whether it was appropriate and necessary to achieve the objectives legitimately pursued

Answer: Article 5


Question: Which measure must be adopted when there is a choice between several?

Answer: the least onerous

Answer: the least onerous must be adopted

Answer: the least onerous must be adopted


Question: How long has the concept of legal certainty been recognized as one of the general principles by the EU law?

Answer: since the 1960s

Answer: since the 1960s

Answer: since the 1960s


Question: Which laws mentioned predate EU law?

Answer: international law and public law

Answer: international law and public law

Answer: international law and public law


Question: What must the adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the EU have?

Answer: a proper legal basis

Answer: a proper legal basis

Answer: a proper legal basis


Question: In what does the doctrine of legitimate expectations have roots?

Answer: the principles of legal certainty and good faith

Answer: the principles of legal certainty and good faith

Answer: the principles of legal certainty and good faith


Question: Where is the European Court of justice likely to get inspiration from?

Answer: from the constitutional traditions common to the member states

Answer: the constitutional traditions common to the member states

Answer: the constitutional traditions common to the member states


Question: The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures that are incompatible with what?

Answer: fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states

Answer: fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states

Answer: fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states


Question: How many original treaties establishing the EU protected fundamental rights?

Answer: None

Answer: None

Answer: None


Question: Which entities were originally concerned with preventing violation of human rights?

Answer: member states

Answer: the European Convention on Human Rights

Answer: the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950 and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights


Question: When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?

Answer: 1950

Answer: 1950

Answer: 1950


Question: What other entity was established at the same time as the European Convention on Human Rights?

Answer: European Court of Human Rights.

Answer: the European Court of Human Rights

Answer: European Court of Human Rights


Question: When did the European Council task an entity with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?

Answer: 1999

Answer: 1999

Answer: 1999


Question: When was the Lisbon Treaty established?

Answer: 2007

Answer: 2007

Answer: 2007


Question: What charter has become an important aspect of EU law?

Answer: the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Answer: the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 7

Answer: the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union


Question: After the Lisbon treaty, the Charter and the Convention now co-exist under what?

Answer: European Union law

Answer: European Union law

Answer: European Union law


Question: What entity enforces the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?

Answer: European Court of Justice

Answer: European Court of Justice

Answer: the European Court of Justice


Question: The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?

Answer: 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

Answer: the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam

Answer: the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam


Question: What year was the Treaty of Amsterdam created?

Answer: 1997

Answer: 1997

Answer: 1997


Question: When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?

Answer: 1989

Answer: 1989

Answer: 1989


Question: How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?

Answer: 30

Answer: 30

Answer: 30


Question: How many pieces of legislation has the Social Charter become the basis for?

Answer: 40

Answer: 40

Answer: 40


Question: How many member states adopted the Social Charter in 1989?

Answer: 11 of the then 12 member states

Answer: 11 of the then 12 member states

Answer: 11


Question: Which member state declined to sign the Social Charter?

Answer: The UK

Answer: UK

Answer: UK


Question: What title was the Social Charter set to be included into the Maastricht treaty under?

Answer: the "Social Chapter"

Answer: the "Social Chapter"

Answer: "Social Chapter"


Question: What year was the Maastricht treaty signed?

Answer: 1992

Answer: 1992

Answer: 1992


Question: What lead to the UK to subscribe to the agreement on Social Policy?

Answer: the election of the UK Labour Party to government

Answer: the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997

Answer: the election of the UK Labour Party to government


Question: When did the UK formally subscribe to the Agreement on Social Policy?

Answer: 1997

Answer: 1997

Answer: 1997


Question: Which directive mentioned was created in 1994?

Answer: Works Council Directive

Answer: the 1994 Works Council Directive

Answer: Works Council Directive


Question: When was the Parental Leave directive created?

Answer: 1996

Answer: 1996

Answer: 1996


Question: What did the Works Council Directive require?

Answer: workforce consultation in businesses

Answer: workforce consultation in businesses

Answer: workforce consultation in businesses


Question: Which countries were the European Coal and Steel Community agreement between?

Answer: France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany

Answer: France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany

Answer: France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany


Question: What year was the ECSC agreement established?

Answer: 1951

Answer: 1951

Answer: 1951


Question: What did article 65 of the ECSC ban?

Answer: cartels

Answer: cartels

Answer: cartels


Question: Which article made provisions for concentrations or mergers and the abuse of a dominant position by companies?

Answer: article 66

Answer: 66

Answer: 66


Question: When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?

Answer: 1957

Answer: 1957

Answer: 1957


Question: In which article does the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit anti-competitive agreements?

Answer: Article 101(1)

Answer: Article 101(1)

Answer: Article 101(1)


Question: What does Article 102 of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit?

Answer: the abuse of dominant position

Answer: the abuse of dominant position

Answer: abuse of dominant position


Question: Which articles state that the member states' rights to deliver public services may not be obstructed?

Answer: Articles 106 and 107

Answer: Articles 106 and 107

Answer: Articles 106 and 107


Question: Which article allows the European Council to govern mergers between firms?

Answer: Article 102

Answer: Article 102

Answer: Article 102


Question: When was the concept of a social market economy introduced into EU law?

Answer: 2007

Answer: 2007

Answer: 2007


Question: How long has free movement and trade been central to European development?

Answer: 1957

Answer: 1957

Answer: since the Treaty of Rome 1957


Question: Breaking down barriers to trade and enhancing the free movement of goods is meant to reduce what?

Answer: consumer prices

Answer: consumer prices

Answer: reduce consumer prices


Question: What do the Treaties generally limit?

Answer: free trade

Answer: free trade

Answer: free trade


Question: What entity has taken the view that the goals of free trade are underpinned by the aims to improve people's well being?

Answer: the Court of Justice

Answer: the Court of Justice

Answer: the Court of Justice


Question: What helps the process of free movement of goods?

Answer: a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination

Answer: a customs union

Answer: a customs union


Question: What did did article 34 discriminate against in Procureur du Roi v Dassonville?

Answer: parallel importers like Mr Dassonville

Answer: parallel importers

Answer: parallel importers


Question: Article 34 meant states could be responsible for what?

Answer: private actors

Answer: private actors

Answer: private actors


Question: In which case were French vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish Strawberries?

Answer: Commission v France

Answer: Commission v France French

Answer: Commission v France French


Question: In Schmidberger v Austria, the Court of Justice came to the conclusion that Austria didn't infringe upon article 34 by failing to ban a what?

Answer: a protest that blocked heavy traffic

Answer: a protest

Answer: a protest


Question: What is the minimum percent of alcohol content a German law requires all spirits and liqueurs to have?

Answer: 25

Answer: 25 per cent

Answer: 25 per cent


Question: Which country did Rewe-Zentrale AG wish to import from?

Answer: France

Answer: France

Answer: France


Question: Which year was the case Commission v Italy that dealt with cocoa products?

Answer: 2003

Answer: 2003

Answer: 2003


Question: All Italian chocolate is made from what alone?

Answer: cocoa butter

Answer: cocoa butter

Answer: cocoa butter


Question: In the 2009 Commission v Italy, case, the Court of Justice held that an Italian low prohibiting what infringed article 34?

Answer: motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers

Answer: motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers

Answer: motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers


Question: Which two importers claimed that under a French competition law, they were prevented from selling Picon beer under wholesale price?

Answer: Keck and Mithouard

Answer: Keck and Mithouard

Answer: Keck and Mithouard


Question: The aim of the French competition law was to do what?

Answer: cut throat competition

Answer: prevent cut throat competition

Answer: prevent cut throat competition


Question: In which case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to young children under 12?

Answer: Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini

Answer: Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini

Answer: Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini


Question: Under which Directive did the EU harmonize restrictions on restrictions on marketing and advertising?

Answer: the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive

Answer: the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive

Answer: the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive


Question: What have the Treaties sought to enable since its foundation?

Answer: to enable people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement

Answer: people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement

Answer: Since its foundation


Question: Which entity focused upon the free movement of workers?

Answer: the European Community

Answer: the European Community

Answer: the European Community


Question: What was free movement increasingly based on?

Answer: citizenship

Answer: "citizenship"

Answer: "citizenship"


Question: In which case did a German man claim the right to live in Netherlands where he was a volunteer plumber?

Answer: Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie

Answer: Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie

Answer: Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie


Question: What did the Court of Justice say Steymann was entitled to?

Answer: to stay, so long as there was at least an "indirect quid pro quo" for the work he did

Answer: stay

Answer: stay


Question: Which articles of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation set out the primary provisions on equal treatment of workers?

Answer: articles 1 to 7

Answer: articles 1 to 7

Answer: articles 1 to 7


Question: Which Belgian footballer claimed that he should be allowed to transfer from one football club to another when his contract was fulfilled?

Answer: Jean-Marc Bosman

Answer: the Belgian Football Association v Bosman

Answer: Jean-Marc Bosman


Question: What language did the Court of Justice accept to be required to teach in a Dublin college in Groner v Minister for Education?

Answer: Gaelic

Answer: Gaelic

Answer: Gaelic


Question: In which case was a Dutch national not entitled to continue receiving benefits when he moved to Belgium?

Answer: Hendrix v Employee

Answer: Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute

Answer: Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute


Question: In the case Geven v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, how many hours was the Dutch woman in question working in Germany?

Answer: between 3 and 14 hours a week

Answer: 3 and 14 hours a week

Answer: between 3 and 14 hours a week


Question: What has lately been being viewed as a fundamental status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?

Answer: Citizenship of the EU

Answer: Citizenship of the EU

Answer: Citizenship of the EU


Question: What has having an EU Citizenship increased?

Answer: the number of social services that people can access wherever they move

Answer: the number of social services that people can access wherever they move

Answer: the number of social services that people can access wherever they move


Question: In which case did the Court state that Austria was not allowed to hold places in Austrian schools exclusively for Austrian students?

Answer: Commission v Austria

Answer: Commission v Austria the Court

Answer: Commission v Austria


Question: What has the Court required to be more accessible?

Answer: higher education

Answer: higher education

Answer: higher education


Question: Which Treaty protects the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services?

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Answer: the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union


Question: In Gebhard v Consiglio...Milano, the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice law would be allowed under what conditions?

Answer: if they were non-discriminatory

Answer: if they were non-discriminatory, "justified by imperative requirements in the general interest" and proportionately applied

Answer: participate in economic life "on a stable and continuous basis"


Question: In which case did the Court of Justice state that refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he did not have Belgian heritage wasn't able to be justified?

Answer: Reyners v Belgium

Answer: Reyners v Belgium the Court of Justice

Answer: Reyners v Belgium


Question: Which TFEU article states that states are exempt from infringing on rights of establishment when they exercise official authority?

Answer: article 49

Answer: TFEU article 49

Answer: article 49


Question: In which case did the Court of Justice hold that requiring Italian lawyers to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?

Answer: Commission v Italy

Answer: Commission v Italy the Court of Justice

Answer: Commission v Italy


Question: In which year did a toxic waste spill from a European ship prompt the Commission to look into legislation against waste?

Answer: 2006

Answer: 2006

Answer: 2006


Question: At the time, countries such as Spain didn't have a crime against what?

Answer: shipping toxic waste

Answer: shipping toxic waste

Answer: toxic waste


Question: When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could only propose that there must be some criminal sanctions?

Answer: October 2007

Answer: 2007

Answer: 2007


Question: When was the competence for the Union to create criminal sentences for ecological crimes contested?

Answer: 2005

Answer: 2005

Answer: 2005


Question: The freedom to provide services under TFEU article 56 applies to who?

Answer: to people who give services "for remuneration"

Answer: people who give services "for remuneration", especially commercial or professional activity

Answer: people who give services "for remuneration"


Question: Why was the Dutch lawyer who moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social society case told he couldn't continue?

Answer: because Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice

Answer: Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice

Answer: Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice


Question: What did the Court of Justice reason were controlled in all member states in Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht?

Answer: narcotic drugs

Answer: narcotic drugs

Answer: narcotic drugs


Question: What did the Dutch health authorities regard as unnecessary in Geraets-Smits v Stichting Ziekenfonds?

Answer: the treatment

Answer: treatment

Answer: treatment


Question: Which newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands?

Answer: the Daily Mail

Answer: the Daily Mail

Answer: Daily Mail


Question: How much capital did UK law require to start a company?

Answer: £1

Answer: £1

Answer: £1


Question: How much capital did Danish law require to start a company?

Answer: 200,000 Danish krone

Answer: 200,000 Danish krone

Answer: 200,000 Danish krone


Question: What could justify restrictions on freedom of establishment?

Answer: creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes

Answer: creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes

Answer: Denmark's minimum capital law


Question: In which case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court couldn't deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract based in Germany?

Answer: Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH

Answer: Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH

Answer: Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH


Question: Which name is also used to describe the Amazon rainforest in English?

Answer: also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle,

Answer: Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle

Answer: Amazonia


Question: How many square kilometers of rainforest is covered in the basin?

Answer: 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest.

Answer: 5,500,000

Answer: 5,500,000


Question: How many nations control this region in total?

Answer: This region includes territory belonging to nine nations.

Answer: nine

Answer: nine


Question: How many nations contain "Amazonas" in their names?

Answer: States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names.

Answer: four

Answer: four


Question: What percentage does the Amazon represents in rainforests on the planet?

Answer: The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests

Answer: over half


Question: What is the Dutch word for the Amazon rainforest?

Answer: Amazoneregenwoud

Answer: Amazoneregenwoud

Answer: Amazoneregenwoud


Question: What rainforest covers the majority of the Amazon basin in South America?

Answer: The Amazon rainforest

Answer: Amazon rainforest

Answer: The Amazon


Question: In what country can most of the Amazon rainforest be found?

Answer: Brazil

Answer: Brazil

Answer: Brazil


Question: The Amazon rainforest makes up what amount of Earth's rainforests?

Answer: over half

Answer: over half

Answer: over half


Question: How many species of trees can be found in the Amazon rainforest?

Answer: 16,000

Answer: 16,000

Answer: 16,000


Question: What kind of forest is the Amazon rainforest?

Answer: moist broadleaf forest

Answer: moist broadleaf forest

Answer: tropical


Question: How many square kilometers is the Amazon Basin?

Answer: 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,70

Answer: 7,000,000

Answer: 7,000,000 square kilometres


Question: How many nations are within the Amazon Basin?

Answer: nine nations

Answer: nine

Answer: nine


Question: Which nation contains the majority of the amazon forest?

Answer: Brazil

Answer: Brazil

Answer: Brazil


Question: What is the estimate for the amount of tree species in the amazon tropical rain forest?

Answer: 16,000 species

Answer: 16,000

Answer: 16,000


Question: Which type of climate may have allowed the rainforest to spread across the continent?

Answer: the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.

Answer: wetter

Answer: wetter


Question: What has allowed for the Savanna region to expand into the tropics?

Answer: Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics.

Answer: Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years

Answer: Climate fluctuations


Question: During what time did the rainforest spanned a narrow band?

Answer: During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.

Answer: Oligocene

Answer: Oligocene


Question: When did it retract to a inland formation?

Answer: It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum.

Answer: Middle Miocene

Answer: at the last glacial maximum


Question: Did the rainforest managed to thrive during the glacial periods?

Answer: However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species.

Answer: still managed to thrive


Question: What may have caused rainforests to grow across South America?

Answer: the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate

Answer: extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate

Answer: extinction of the dinosaurs


Question: How many degrees south did the Amazon rainforest reach from 66-34 Mya?

Answer: 45

Answer: 45°

Answer: 45°


Question: What has caused savanna regions to grow into the South American tropics in the last 34 million years?

Answer: Climate fluctuations

Answer: Climate fluctuations

Answer: Climate fluctuations


Question: During which period in history was the Amazon rainforest a narrow band of forest?

Answer: Oligocene

Answer: Oligocene

Answer: Oligocene


Question: What did the Amazon rainforest do during the Middle Miocene?

Answer: It expanded

Answer: expanded

Answer: expanded


Question: What extinction event might have created some conditions allowing the expansion of the amazon rainforest?

Answer: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

Answer: dinosaurs

Answer: dinosaurs


Question: Beginning how many years ago did the amazon rainforest extend 45 degrees south?

Answer: 66–34 Mya

Answer: 66–34


Question: After the Oligocene period, under what period did the amazon rainforest begin to expand?

Answer: Middle Miocene

Answer: Middle Miocene

Answer: Middle Miocene


Question: The amazon rainforest became a mostly inland forest around which global event?

Answer: last glacial maximum

Answer: last glacial maximum

Answer: last glacial maximum


Question: Savannah areas expanded over the last how many years?

Answer: 34 million years

Answer: 34 million

Answer: 34 million


Question: In which point did the drainage basin of the Amazon split?

Answer: During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.

Answer: During the mid-Eocene

Answer: mid-Eocene


Question: In which direction did the water on the eastern side flow?

Answer: Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic,

Answer: toward the Atlantic

Answer: toward the Atlantic


Question: What is the name of the basin that was created from a enclosed lake?

Answer: Solimões Basin

Answer: Solimões Basin

Answer: Solimões Basin


Question: How long ago was it when the water broke through the Purus Arch?

Answer: Within the last 5–10 million years

Answer: Within the last 5–10 million years

Answer: last 5–10 million years


Question: Where did it join in the direction of its flow?

Answer: joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.

Answer: the easterly flow

Answer: easterly


Question: When was the drainage basin of the Amazon believed to have split in the middle of South America?

Answer: During the mid-Eocene

Answer: During the mid-Eocene

Answer: During the mid-Eocene


Question: Where did water to the east of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards?

Answer: the Atlantic

Answer: the Atlantic

Answer: Atlantic


Question: Where did water to the west of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards?

Answer: the Pacific

Answer: the Pacific

Answer: Pacific


Question: What did water that flowed towards the Pacific have to flow across during the mid-Eocene?

Answer: Amazonas Basin

Answer: Amazonas Basin

Answer: Andes Mountains


Question: What basin was formed when the Andes Mountains rose?

Answer: the Solimões Basin

Answer: Solimões Basin

Answer: Solimões Basin


Question: During what period the drainage basin of the Amazon likely split?

Answer: the mid-Eocene

Answer: the mid-Eocene

Answer: mid-Eocene


Question: Near where in the continent is it believed that the Amazon basin split?

Answer: Purus Arch

Answer: along the middle

Answer: Purus Arch


Question: Where did water on the eastern side of the amazon basin travel after the split?

Answer: the Atlantic

Answer: the Atlantic

Answer: Atlantic


Question: Where did the water in the Amazon Basin flow towards when moving west?

Answer: the Pacific

Answer: the Pacific

Answer: Pacific


Question: What is the lake known as which was created by the rise of the Andes Mountains?

Answer: Solimões Basin

Answer: Solimões Basin

Answer: Solimões Basin


Question: What does LGM stands for?

Answer: Last Glacial Maximum

Answer: Last Glacial Maximum

Answer: Last Glacial Maximum


Question: What did the analysis from the sediment deposits indicate?

Answer: rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present

Answer: rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present

Answer: rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower


Question: What are some of scientists arguments?

Answer: the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland

Answer: the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland

Answer: rainforest was reduced


Question: How has this debate been proven?

Answer: This debate has proved difficult

Answer: difficult to resolve


Question: How are the explanations supported?

Answer: explanations are reasonably well supported

Answer: by the available data

Answer: reasonably well


Question: There have been major changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last how many years?

Answer: 21,000

Answer: 21,000

Answer: 21,000


Question: What caused changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation?

Answer: the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation

Answer: rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present

Answer: rainfall


Question: What has been analyzed to compare Amazon rainfall in the past and present?

Answer: sediment deposits

Answer: sediment deposits

Answer: sediment deposits


Question: What has the lower rainfall in the Amazon during the LGM been attributed to?

Answer: reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin

Answer: reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin

Answer: reduced moist tropical vegetation cover


Question: Many changes in the vegetation of the amazon rainforest took place since the  Last Glacial Maximum, which was how many years ago?

Answer: 21,000

Answer: 21,000

Answer: 21,000


Question: Analysis of what kind of deposits from the Amazon Fan indicates a change in rainfall in the Amazon basin?

Answer: sediment deposits

Answer: sediment

Answer: sediment


Question: Changes in rainfall reduced what kind of vegetation cover in the Amazon basin?

Answer: moist tropical vegetation cover

Answer: moist tropical

Answer: tropical


Question: Scientists disagree with how the Amazon rainforest changed over time with some arguing that it was reduced to isolated refugia seperated by what?

Answer: open forest and grassland

Answer: open forest and grassland

Answer: open forest and grassland


Question: Why is it difficult to resolve disagreements about the changes in the Amazon rainforest?

Answer: data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin

Answer: practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin

Answer: practical limitations of working in the rainforest


Question: What is the name of the satellite that measured the amount of dust?

Answer: CALIPSO

Answer: CALIPSO

Answer: CALIPSO


Question: How many tons of dust are blown from the Sahara each year?

Answer: 182 million tons

Answer: 182 million

Answer: an average 182 million


Question: How many miles does the dust travels over the Atlantic Ocean?

Answer: 1,600 miles

Answer: 1,600

Answer: 1,600 miles


Question: Which basin does the dust falls over into?

Answer: Amazon basin

Answer: Amazon

Answer: Amazon


Question: How many tons of dust remains in the air?

Answer: 132 million tons

Answer: 132 million tons

Answer: 132 million


Question: What tool has measured the amount of dust that travels from the Sahara to the Amazon?

Answer: NASA's CALIPSO satellite

Answer: NASA's CALIPSO satellite

Answer: satellite


Question: How much dust is blown out of the Sahara each year?

Answer: 182 million tons

Answer: 182 million tons

Answer: 182 million tons


Question: How much Saharan dust falls over the Amazon basin each year?

Answer: 27.7 million tons

Answer: 27.7 million tons

Answer: 27.7 million tons


Question: How much Saharan dust remains in the air over the Amazon each year?

Answer: 132 million tons

Answer: 132 million tons

Answer: 132 million tons


Question: How much Saharan dust is blown and falls upon the Caribbean Sea each year?

Answer: 43 million tons

Answer: 43 million tons

Answer: 43 million tons


Question: A satellite that measured the amount of dust going to the Amazon was named what?

Answer: CALIPSO

Answer: CALIPSO

Answer: CALIPSO


Question: What organization runs the satellite that measured dust that landed on the Amazon?

Answer: NASA

Answer: NASA

Answer: NASA's


Question: How much windblown dust leaves the Sahara each year?

Answer: 182 million tons

Answer: 182 million tons

Answer: 182 million tons


Question: How many miles across the Atlantic Ocean does Saharan dust travel?

Answer: 1,600 miles

Answer: 1,600

Answer: 1,600


Question: How many tons of Saharan dust falls on the Amazon Basin each year?

Answer: 27.7 million tons

Answer: 27.7 million

Answer: 27.7 million tons


Question: What is the name of the book written by Archeologist Betty Meggers?

Answer: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.


Question: What is the maximum square miles did Betty Meggers claim that can be sustained in the rainforest?

Answer: 0.52/sq mi

Answer: 0.52

Answer: 0.52/sq mi


Question: What would be needed to host a larger population?

Answer: agriculture

Answer: agriculture

Answer: agriculture


Question: Which findings suggested that the region was densely populated?

Answer: anthropological

Answer: anthropological

Answer: recent anthropological


Question: How many people may have lived in the Amazon region during AD 1500?

Answer: 5 million

Answer: 5 million

Answer: 5 million


Question: What feature of the Amazon made people believe it couldn't have many inhabitants?

Answer: the poor soil

Answer: poor soil

Answer: poor soil.


Question: What well-known archeologist believed the Amazon didn't have many inhabitants?

Answer: Betty Meggers

Answer: Betty Meggers

Answer: Betty Meggers


Question: How many inhabitants did Betty Meggers believe could occupy each square kilometre of the Amazon?

Answer: 0.2

Answer: 0.2

Answer: 0.2


Question: In what book did Betty Meggers describe the idea of the Amazon being sparsely populated?

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise


Question: Which archaeologist proposed the idea that the Amazon rainforest couldn't sustain large populations?

Answer: Betty Meggers

Answer: Betty Meggers

Answer: Betty Meggers


Question: Which book discussed the theory about low populations in the Amazon rainforest?

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise

Answer: Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise


Question: What was the theorized maximum population density per square kilometre for the Amazon rainforest?

Answer: 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre

Answer: 0.2 inhabitants

Answer: 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre


Question: In 1500 AD how many people were believed to have lived in the Amazon region?

Answer: 5 million people

Answer: 5 million

Answer: Some 5 million


Question: In the 1980s what was the population of the amazon region?

Answer: 200,000.

Answer: less than 200,000

Answer: less than 200,000


Question: Who was the first European to travel the Amazon River?

Answer: Francisco de Orellana

Answer: Francisco de Orellana

Answer: Francisco de Orellana


Question: During what time did civilization in the Amazon was flourishing when Orellana made his observations?

Answer: 1540s

Answer: 1540s

Answer: 1540s


Question: What was believed to be the cause of devastation to the civilization?

Answer: diseases from Europe

Answer: the spread of diseases from Europe

Answer: spread of diseases from Europe


Question: How long since it's been that geoglyphs were first discovered on deforested land?

Answer: 1970s

Answer: Since the 1970s

Answer: 1970s


Question: What time period did the geoglyphs date back to?

Answer: AD 0–1250

Answer: between AD 0–1250

Answer: AD 0–1250


Question: Who was the first European to travel the entire length of the Amazon River?

Answer: Francisco de Orellana

Answer: Francisco de Orellana

Answer: Francisco de Orellana


Question: In what year did the first European travel the entire length of the Amazon River?

Answer: 1542

Answer: 1542

Answer: 1542


Question: Geoglyphs dating to what period were found in deforested land along the Amazon River?

Answer: AD 0–1250

Answer: between AD 0–1250

Answer: AD 0–1250


Question: Who is given credit for discovering geoglyphs along the Amazon River?

Answer: Ondemar Dias

Answer: Ondemar Dias

Answer: Ondemar Dias


Question: For how many years was evidence shown that humans shaped the the Amazon?

Answer: 11,000 years

Answer: at least 11,000 years

Answer: at least 11,000 years


Question: What is terra preta called?

Answer: black earth

Answer: black earth

Answer: black earth


Question: How much is terra preta distributed over the Amazon forest?

Answer: large areas

Answer: over large areas

Answer: over large areas


Question: What did the development of this fertile soil provide in hostile environment?

Answer: agriculture and silviculture

Answer: allowed agriculture and silviculture

Answer: agriculture and silviculture


Question: In which region tribe were large settlements discovered?

Answer: Xingu tribe

Answer: Xingu

Answer: Xingu


Question: Who discovered this and where did they come from?

Answer: Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida

Answer: Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida

Answer: Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida


Question: What type of soil is considered a product of soil management by indigenous peoples in the Amazon Forest?

Answer: Terra preta (black earth)

Answer: Terra preta

Answer: black earth


Question: The development of Terra Preta allowed for what to happen in the Amazon Forest?

Answer: agriculture and silviculture

Answer: agriculture and silviculture

Answer: agriculture and silviculture


Question: In lands attributed to what tribe are found remains of large settlements?

Answer: Xingu tribe

Answer: Xingu

Answer: Xingu


Question: Who is credited with finding evidence of large settlements in the Amazon forest?

Answer: Michael Heckenberger and colleagues

Answer: Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida

Answer: Michael Heckenberger


Question: Evidence for what types of structures were found in 2003?

Answer: roads, bridges and large plazas

Answer: roads, bridges and large plazas

Answer: roads, bridges and large plazas


Question: How many species of insects are known in the region?

Answer: 2.5 million

Answer: 2.5 million

Answer: 2.5 million


Question: What portion of bird species make up the world's total live in the rainforest?

Answer: One in five

Answer: One in five

Answer: One in five


Question: How many plant species make up the total in the rainforest?

Answer: 40,000

Answer: 40,000

Answer: 40,000


Question: What is the total make up of fish species living in the Amazon?

Answer: one in five

Answer: 2,200

Answer: 2,200