Sensi (Senti, Tenti, Mananahua) is an extinct Panoan language, spoken on the right bank of the Ucayali River, Peru.

The Wariʼ language (also Orowari, Wari, Pacaá Novo, Pacaás Novos, Pakaa Nova, Pakaásnovos) is the sole remaining vibrant language of the Chapacuran language family of the Brazilian–Bolivian border region of the Amazon. It has about 2,700 speakers, also called Wariʼ, who live along tributaries of the Pacaas Novos river in Western Brazil. The word wariʼ means "we!" in the Wariʼ language and is the term given to the language and tribe by its speakers. Wariʼ is written in the Latin script.

Torá (Toraz) is an  Chapacuran language that is once spoken along the lower stretches of the Marmelos River in Brazil. A probably extinct language, the last fluent speaker is believed to died in the 2000s (in 2006, there were two fluent speakers left, but it only has semi-speakers as of 2018, "at least few").

Sanöma  or Sanumá is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil. It is also known as Sanema, Sanima, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari and Chirichano. Most of its speakers in Venezuela also speak Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritare, the language of the Ye'kuana people the Sanumá live alongside in the Caura River basin.

Guachí (Wachí) is an extinct, apparently Guaicuruan language of Argentina. It is usually classified as one of the Guaicuruan languages, but the data is insufficient to demonstrate that. The people it was spoken by were Guaicuruanized.

Saraveca is an extinct Arawakan language once spoken in Bolivia by the Sarave. By 1962, most people has switched to Chiquitano.

Tequiraca (Tekiráka), also known as Abishira, Aiwa (Aewa, Aʔɨwa), Ixignor, or Vacacocha, is an extinct language once spoken in Peru.  In 1925 there were between 50 and 80 speakers in Puerto Elvira on Lake Vacacocha (connected with the Napo River). It is presumed extinct some time in the mid 20th century, though in 2008 two rememberers were found and 160 words and short sentences were recorded. Today, most ethnic Aiwa people have shifted to Kichwa and Spanish.
The little data available show it to not be closely related to other languages, though a distant connection to Canichana was proposed by Kaufman (1994).
Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Taushiro, likely as a result of prehistoric contact within the circum-Marañón interaction sphere.

Bororo (Borôro), also known as Boe, is the sole surviving language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Jê languages. It is spoken by the Bororo, hunters and gatherers in the central Mato Grosso region of Brazil.

Aroã, also known as Aruán, is an extinct Arawakan language of Brazil. Aikhenvald (1999) classifies it as a close relative of Palikur.

Duit is an extinct Chibcha language, which had been spoken by the Muisca of present-day Boyacá, Colombia. The language appears in the modern name of the pre-Columbian settlement and last ruler Tundama; Duitama.

The Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.  The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century. Only a few wordlists are preserved, and Campbell leaves it unclassified due to a paucity of information.
Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.

Aguaruna (or as native speakers prefer to call it, Awajún [ɑwɑhʊ́n̪]) is an indigenous American language of the Chicham family spoken by the Aguaruna people in Northern Peru. According to Ethnologue, based on the 2007 Census, 53,400 people out of the 55,700 ethnic group speak Aguaruna, making up almost the entire population. It is used vigorously in all domains of life, both written and oral. It is written with the Latin script. The literacy rate in Aguaruna is 60–90%. However, there are few monolingual speakers today; nearly all speakers also speak Spanish. The school system begins with Aguaruna, and as the students progress, Spanish is gradually added. There is a positive outlook and connotation in regard to bilingualism. 50 to 75% of the Aguaruna population are literate in Spanish. A modest dictionary of the language has been published.
The speakers live in the Eastern foothills of the Andes, along the upper Marañón River and its tributaries. More specifically, its location includes the Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, and San Martín regions, as well as the Cahuapanas, Mayo, and Potro rivers. There are two major varieties of Aguaruna: one spoken around the Nieva River, considered the more conservative variety, and the other spoken around the Marañón River. Within the Chicham family, there are four languages: Aguaruna, Huambisa, Shuar, and Achuar-Shiwiar. Speakers of Aguaruna claim mutual intelligibility with speakers of Huambisa, so there is speculation that the Chicham family may better be described as a dialect continuum. This language family shares many similarities to both the Amazonian and Andean languages, likely due to their close proximity and contact with one another. The language contains twelve consonants and four vowels that each have both oral and nasal forms. It has subject–object–verb word order, meaning the sentence structure is verb-final.

Pãi Tavyterã is a Guarani language spoken by about 600 Pai Tavytera people in eastern Paraguay, in Amambay, eastern Concepción, eastern San Pedro, and northern Canindeyú Departments. The language has 70% lexical similarity with the Kaiwá language, spoken in Brazil. Among Pai Tavyetera people, language use is shifting towards Guaraní.
The language is written in the Latin script.

Piaroa (also called Guagua ~ Kuakua ~ Quaqua, Adole ~ Ature, Wo’tiheh) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela, native to the Huottüja people. Loukotka (1968) reports that it is spoken along the Sipapo River, Orinoco River, and Ventuari River.
A Wirö language (commonly called Maco) is closely related, the two forming the Piaroan branch of the family.

Karajá, also known as Iny rybè,: 1  is a Macro-Jê spoken by the Karajá people in some thirty villages in central Brazil.
There are distinct male and female forms of speech; one of the principal differences is that men drop the sound /k/, which is pronounced by women.
Karaja is a verb-final language, with simple noun and more complex verbal morphology that includes noun incorporation. Verbs inflect for direction as well as person, mood, object, and voice.

North Junín Quechua is a language dialect of Quechua spoken throughout the Andean highlands of the Northern Junín and Tarma provinces of Peru. Dialects under North Junín Quechua include Tarma Quechua spoken in Tarma Province and the subdialect San Pedros de Cajas Quechua. North Junín Quechua belongs to the Yaru Quechua dialect cluster under the  Quechua I dialects. Initially spoken by Huancas and neighboring native people, Quechua's Junín dialect was absorbed by the Inca Empire in 1460 but relatively unaffected by the Southern Cuzco dialect. The Inca Empire had to defeat stiff resistance by the Huanca people.
After the Spanish conquered the Inca Empire, bilingual speakers emerged as well as a variety of loanwords, introducing the sounds o and e. A debate whether Quechua has three or five vowel phonemes subsequently emerged concerning whether Quechua has /e/ and /o/ as separate phonemes. For example, Spanish borrowed kula meaning "coca leaves, coca bush" in Quechua to yield the word cola. This example illustrates a change of u to o when used in Spanish.
Translation of Spanish Catholic texts into Quechua led to a flowering period; yet, a series of failed rebellions near the end of the eighteenth century caused a declaration of insubordination directed at the Quechua language. Spanish replaced Quechua in schools starting from the 1970s.
Currently listed as an endangered language, San Pedros de Cajas dialect of Quechua has been under study and found in use mainly at home with Spanish being used in schools. A survey conducted in a secondary school resulted in only one out of fifty students answering that he/she used Quechua at home.
Recent work by linguists have focused on tracing the origin of Quechua by comparing the reconstructed language, Proto- Quechua, with Proto-Aymaran. There exist arguments on both sides as Paul Heggarty argues against a distant relationship. Similarities have been found to span both proto-languages from reconstruction of a variety of Quechua dialects; commonalities include apa- meaning "to carry," picqa meaning "five," urqu meaning "mountain," and qipa meaning "before (space), after (time)," all words in Junín Quechua. Qipa exemplifies relative temporal marking rather than tense marking.
An agglutinating language, Quechua has been analyzed by sub-grouping its copious morphemes together, particularly its suffixes. A feature of Junín Quechua and Quechua I, which includes North Junín dialect, belongs to characterization of non-final suffixes. Willem Adelaar has conducted extensive work on Quechua dialects and has published findings on the Tarma dialect.

Panare is a Cariban language, spoken by the Panare, who number 3,000–4,000 and live in Bolivar State in central Venezuela. Their main area is South of the town of Caicara del Orinoco, south of the Orinoco River. There are several subdialects of the language. The autonym for this language and people is e'ñapá, which has various senses depending on context, including 'people', 'indigenous-people', and 'Panare-people'.  The term "Panare" itself is a Tupí word that means "friend." It is unusual in having object–verb–agent as one of its main word orders, the other being the more common verb–agent–object. It also displays the typologically uncommon property of an ergative–absolutive alignment in the non-perfective aspects and a nominative–accusative alignment in perfective aspect.

idioma de la familia caribe hablado por el grupo indígena venezolano homónimo

Guarayu (Guarayu: Gwarayú, nyanyanye, ñañañe, guarani'ete) is a Tupian language of Bolivia that is spoken by the Guarayo people who number 23,910 in 2012.
The name Guarayu (Gwarayú) is a variant of Guarayo, which when used in a pejorative sense refers to several indigenous peoples in the area with the meaning of 'savage' or 'uncultured'. The origin of the names is Guara meaning "warrior", and yu "pale" (yellow or white). Compared to other Guarani peoples, the Gwarayú are lighter in colour, and bear a striking resemblance to another Guarani group found in Paraguay, the Ache.
There were some 30 speakers of Guarayu in Paraguay as of 2012. 

North Bolivian Quechua is a dialect of the Southern Quechua language, spoken in northern Bolivia on the Peruvian border, as well as by immigrants in Peru.

Carapano (Karapanã, Carapana-tapuya, Möxdöá) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil.

Caquetío, also called Caquetío Arawak, is an extinct Arawakan language. The language was spoken along the shores of Lake Maracaibo, in the coastal areas of the Venezuelan state of Falcón, and on the Dutch islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao. It is referred to as a "ghost language" because no tangible evidence of it remains. Only the name still exists, as mentioned in references from 17th-century texts.
The Caquetíos and the Jirajara spoke an Arawak language, and their cultures showed great similarities.

The Xerénte or Akwẽ-Xerénte language is an Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) of Brazil. It is spoken by the Xerente people in the Tocantins state between Rio do Sono and Rio Tocantins.

Resígaro is an Arawakan language spoken in the department of Loreto in Peru. It is believed to be nearly extinct as of 2017 with only one remaining speaker.

Esmeralda, or Esmeraldeño (also called Takame or Atacame), is an extinct language isolate formerly spoken in the coastal region of Ecuador, specifically in the western part of Esmeraldas Province. The only existing data for Atacame was collected by J.M. Pallares in 1877.

Otuke (Otuque, Otuqui) is an extinct language of the Macro-Jê family, related to Bororo. Otuke territory included what is now the Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area in eastern Bolivia.

Puelche is a now extinct language formerly spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken (Guenaken), Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa. It may also have been spoken by the Chechehet.

The Yagua  language is spoken primarily in northeastern Peru by the Yagua people. As of 2005, it appears that a few speakers may have migrated across the Peruvian-Colombian border near the town of Leticia. A third of the population is monolingual, and Yagua is the language of instruction in local primary schools.

Caramanta is an extinct Chocoan language of Colombia, documented solely through a wordlist from the 1940s, and in an ethnographic publication from 1954. It is sometimes described as a dialect of Anserma.

The Mocoví language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 3,000 people, mostly in Santa Fe, Chaco, and Formosa provinces.
In 2010, the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Mocoví as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Qom and Wichí.
The Mataco-Guicurú language family is a group of 11 indigenous languages of the Americas spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, comprising two subfamilies with a total of approximately 100,000 speakers distributed in the Bermejo, Pilcomayo and Paraguay river basins. Other languages of the family are extinct and some others are threatened with extinction.
In the province of Santa Fe, it is used mostly by the elderly Mocoví population. Among adults, bilingualism is widespread and among young people Spanish is preferred. In the province of Chaco, the Mocoví language and culture are carefully preserved.
Writing in the Mocoví language was non-existent until the 1950s, when a group of missionaries developed a Latin alphabet writing system for the Toba language, which was later adapted to Mocoví for the translation of the Bible by Alberto Buckwater. This writing system is still based on correspondence with Spanish orthography, so it contains some of its irregularities.

Payaguá (Payawá) is an extinct language of Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia, spoken by the Payaguá Indians.  It is usually classified as one of the Guaicuruan languages, but the data is insufficient to demonstrate that.

Mabenaro is a Tacanan language spoken, or at least once spoken, along the Madre de Dios River of Peru. It is known only from a list of 54 words which are not very well transcribed.

Tobagonian English Creole is an English-based creole language and the generally spoken language in Tobago.  It is distinct from Trinidadian Creole and closer to other Lesser Antillean creoles.

Yameo is an extinct language from Peba–Yaguan language family that was formerly spoken in Peru.  It was spoken along the banks of the Amazon River from the Tigre River to the Nanay River.
Masamae (Mazán, Parara), spoken around the Mazán River in Loreto Department, Peru, is closely related to the Yameo language.

Puinave, Waipunavi (Guaipunabi) or Wanse (Wã́nsöjöt [ˈw̃ã́nsɤhɤt]; Puinave: Wãnsöhöt) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela. It is generally considered to be a language isolate.

Andoa is an extinct Zaparoan language of Ecuador and Peru. It was found in the Pastaza River region of Ecuador and Peru. It is also known as Shimigae/Semigae and Gae/Gay. The Andoa people have integrated into the Quechua and now speak either Canelos-Quechua or Spanish. The last known speaker died in 1993.

Bakairí (Bacairí) is a Cariban language, spoken by the Bakairi people in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil.

Cavineña is an indigenous language spoken on the Amazonian plains of northern Bolivia by over 1,000 Cavineño people. Although Cavineña is still spoken (and still learned by some children), it is an endangered language.  Guillaume (2004) states that about 1200 people speak the language, out of a population of around 1700.  Nearly all Cavineña are bilingual in Spanish.
The Cavineño people live in several communities near the Beni River, which flows north from the Andes. The nearest towns are Reyes (to the south) and Riberalta (to the north).

Ashéninka (Ashéninca, Ashéninga) is the name that some varieties included in the Ashéninka-Asháninka dialect complex have traditionally received. These varieties belong to the Campan branch of the Arawak family. Ethnologue distinguishes seven languages throughout the whole complex, while Pedrós proposes a division in three languages (Ashéninka, Asháninka and Northern Ashé-Ashá) based on the principle of mutual intelligibility. The varieties included in Ashéninka and Northern Ashé-Ashá have traditionally been called Ashéninka. Glottolog reflects Pedrós’ proposal, although considering the languages proposed by him as groupings of the languages that the Ethnologue distinguishes.
According to the indigenous peoples database of the Peruvian Ministry of Education, there are 15,281 people living in Ashéninka communities, of whom 8,774 (57%) claim to be able to speak the language. Ethnologue gives much higher figures for the different Ashéninka varieties.
The classification of the different varieties was first established by David Payne in his Apurucayali Axininca grammar, but he referred to them as dialects and not as different languages.: 3–5 
Ashéninka is a locally official language in Peru, as are all native Peruvian languages. It and its relatives are also known by the allegedly pejorative term Campa.

The Krenak language, also Borum or Botocudo, is the sole surviving language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Gê languages. It was once spoken by the Botocudo people in Minas Gerais, but is known primarily by older women today.

Guató is a possible language isolate spoken by 4 of the Guató people of Brazil. It has variously been claimed to be of Macro-Jê or isolate affiliation.

The Kaingang language (also spelled Kaingáng) is a Southern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Kaingang people of southern Brazil. The Kaingang nation has about 30,000 people, and about 60–65% speak the language. Most also speak Portuguese.

La lengua Kaingang esuna e las lenguas de la familia lingüística Ye, integrante del trongo Macro-Ye

Iyoʼwujwa Chorote is a Matacoan language spoken by about 2,000 people, mostly in Argentina where it is spoken by about 1,500 people; 50% of whom are monolingual.
Alternate names include: Choroti, Manjuy, and Manjui. It is distinct from the similarly named Iyojwaʼja Chorote.
There are about 370 speakers in Paraguay and 8 in Bolivia. Of the 650 in Paraguay, approximately 480 are considered monolingual. These speakers in Paraguay only refer to themselves as Manjui or Inkijwas. They refer to the Chorote residing in Argentina as Iyoʼawujwaʼ (those who say ʼawujwaʼ), though some who reside with these people in Argentina have migrated from Paraguay.  Most of the Manjui under 40 years old can read and write in their own language and were taught in their own schools.  The principal location of these people is a settlement called Santa Rosa, in the province of Boquerón.  Other locations include Mcal. Estigarribia, Pedro P. Peña, and Yakaquash.

Machiguenga (Matsigenka) is a major Arawakan language in the Campa sub-branch of the family. It is spoken in the Urubamba River Basin and along the Manu River in the Cusco and Madre de Dios departments of Peru by around 6,200 people. According to Ethnologue, it is experiencing pressure from Spanish and Quechua in the Urubamba region, but is active and healthy in the Manu region (most speakers are monolingual in Matsigenka).  It is close enough to Nomatsiguenga that the two are sometimes considered dialects of a single language; both are spoken by the Machiguenga people. Nanti is partially mutually intelligible but ethnically distinct.
There is extensive morphological inflection in Matsigenka; it is considered to be polysynthetic and features an agglutinative morphology, where both suffixes and prefixes are used to mark various inflectional categories.

Zoʼé (Joʼé) is spoken by the indigenous Zoʼé people of Pará, Brazil. It is close to the Emerillon language. 
Zoʼé is also known as Zoé, Buré, Poturu, Poturujara, and Tupí of Cunimapanema.

Tarauacá Kashinawa (Cashinahua of the Tarauacá River) is an extinct indigenous language of the Panoan languages once spoken in the western Brazilian Amazon Basin.

The Sechura language, also known as Sek, is an extinct language spoken in the Department of Piura of Peru, near the port of Sechura. It appears to have become extinct by the beginning of the 20th century. The only documentation is that of an 1863 word list by Richard Spruce, as well as a word list by Bishop Martínez Compañón (1782–1790).

Millcayac (Milykayak) was one of the Warpean languages. It was native to Cuyo in Argentina, but was displaced to Chile in the late 16th century. Luis de Valdivia wrote a grammar, vocabulary and religious texts. The people became Mestizo and lost their language soon after.

Saliba (Spanish: Sáliba, Sáliva) is an indigenous language of Eastern Colombia and Venezuela. Saliba was used by Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century to communicate with indigenous peoples of the Meta, Orinoco, and Vichada valleys. An 1856 watercolor by Manuel María Paz is an early depiction of the Saliva people in Casanare Province.

Yauyos–Chincha Quechua or Yauyos Quechua is a language cluster of Quechua, spoken in the Yauyos and Chincha districts of Peru. There are numerous dialects: in Yauyos, San Pedro de Huacarpana, Apurí, Madean-Viñac (Madeán), Azángaro-Huangáscar-Chocos (Huangáscar), Cacra-Hongos, Tomás-Alis (Alis), Huancaya-Vitis, Laraos, with similar diversity in Chincha.
The Tana-Lincha (Lincha) dialect included by Ethnologue 16, however, is part of Cajamarca-Lambayeque Quechua.

Enawene Nawe (Enawené-Nawé, Enawenê-Nawê, Eneuene-Mare), also known as Salumã, is an Arawakan language of Brazil spoken by about 570 people living in the Juruena River basin area, and more specifically along the Iquê river in the state of Mato Grosso.

Pasé (Passe) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. Kaufman (1994) placed it in his Río Negro branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999).

Yurí (Jurí) is, or was, a language previously spoken near a stretch of the Caquetá River in the Brazilian Amazon, extending slightly into Colombia. It was spoken on the Puré River of Colombia, and the Içá River and Japurá River of Brazil.
A small amount of data was collected on two occasions in the 19th century, in 1853 and 1867. Kaufman (1994:62, after Nimuendajú 1977:62) notes that there is good lexical evidence to support a link with Ticuna in a Ticuna–Yurí language family, though the data has never been explicitly compared (Hammarström 2010).
It is commonly assumed that the Yuri people and language survive among the uncontacted people or peoples of the Rio Puré region, now the Río Puré National Park. Indeed, "Yuri" is often used as a synonym for the only named people in the area, the Carabayo. A list of words collected in 1969 from the Carabayo, only recovered in 2013, suggests the language is close to Yuri, though perhaps not a direct descendant.

idioma natural hablado con las manos por sordos y oyentes argentinos

Argentine Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas argentina, LSA) is used in Argentina. Deaf people attend separate schools, and use local sign languages out of class. A manual alphabet for spelling Spanish has been developed.

Kunza (Kunza: Likanantaí) is a mostly extinct language isolate spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Peru by the Atacama people, who have since shifted to Spanish. The last speaker was documented in 1949; however, it has since been learned that the language is still spoken in the desert.
Other names and spellings include Cunza, Ckunsa, Likanantaí, Lipe, Ulipe, and Atacameño. The word Ckunsa means 'our' in Kunza.

variedad del quechua ancashino hablado en la provincia de Corongo

Boanarí (Bonari) is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Kaufman (2007) placed it in his Atruahí branch.

Arutani (Orotani, Urutani, also known as Awake, Auake, Auaqué, Aoaqui, Oewaku, ethnonym Uruak) is a nearly extinct language spoken in Roraima, Brazil and in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela. There are only around 6 speakers left.

Manao is a long-extinct Arawakan language of Brazil. The Manaos gave their name to the present-day city of Manaus, the capital city of the state of Amazonas in Brazil.

Arára (Pará Arára: Ugoroŋmo worondu) is a Cariban language of Pará, Brazil. It is spoken by the Arara and perhaps other related groups. Arára forms part of the Kampot dialect cluster along with Ikpeng, Apiaká do Tocantins, Parirí, and Yarumá.

Jaquirana Remo is an extinct indigenous language once spoken in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, near the border with Peru.

Wapishana (Wapixana) is an Arawakan language of Guyana and Brazil. It is spoken by over 13,000 people on both sides of the Guyana-Brazil border.
In Brazil the highest concentration of Wapishana speakers are in the municipalities of Cantá and Bonfim, the Serra da Lua region, where it has been recognized as an official language since 2014.
External pressures have diminished the use of Wapishana among younger generations, and it was not until 1987 that Wapishana was used as the teaching language in Indigenous schools of the language community. In 2009, Roraima Federal University created an extension program for learning Wapishana. In Guyana, there are organizations for language preservation, such as Wapichan Wadauniinao Ati'o

The Jirajaran languages are group of extinct languages once spoken in western Venezuela in the regions of Falcón and Lara.  All of the Jirajaran languages appear to have become extinct in the early 20th century.

Yao (Jaoi, Yaoi, Yaio, Anacaioury) is an extinct Cariban language of Trinidad and French Guiana, attested in a single 1640 word list recorded by Joannes de Laet. It is thought that the Yao people migrated from the Orinoco to the islands perhaps a century earlier, after the Kaliña. The name 'Anacaioury' is that of a number of chiefs encountered over a century or so.
Yao is too poorly attested to classify within Cariban with any confidence, though Terrence Kaufman links it to the extinct Tiverikoto. A few of the attested words are:
nonna' or noene 'moon', weyo 'sun', capou 'céu', chirika 'star', pepeïte 'wind', kenape 'rain', soye 'earth', parona 'sea', ouapoto 'fire', aroua 'jaguar', pero 'dog' (from Spanish).

Zuruahá (also called Suruaha, Suruwaha, Suruwahá, Zuruwahã, Zuruaha, Índios do Coxodoá ) is an Arawan language spoken in Brazil by about 130 people.
Zuruahá is mentioned in Kaufman (1994) from personal communication from Dan Everett. He made first contact with the community (a 3-day hike from Dení territory in Amazonas state) in 1980. The language had not been studied as of 1994, but seems most similar to Deni.

Huallaga Quechua is a dialect within the Alto Pativilca–Alto Marañón–Alto Huallaga dialect cluster of the Quechua languages. The dialect is spoken in the Central Huánuco region of Peru, primarily in the Huánuco Province districts of Huánuco, Churubamba, Santa María del Valle, San Francisco de Cayrán, and Conchamarca.

Chiriba (Chiriva) is a poorly attested language of Moxos Province, Bolivia which may have belonged to the Panoan family.  All that was recorded of it was a list of seven words; several of these resemble Panoan languages, especially Pakawara, and none resemble other language families. Unattested Chumana is reported to have been related.

Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken by a native ethnic group in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the north of Chile. It is often associated with the culture that built Tiwanaku.
Remnants of Puquina can be found in the Quechuan and Spanish languages spoken in the south of Peru, mainly in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna, as well as in Bolivia. There also seem to be remnants in the Kallawaya language, which may be a mixed language formed from Quechuan languages and Puquina. (Terrence Kaufman (1990) finds the proposal plausible.)
Some theories claim that "Qhapaq Simi", the cryptic language of the nobility of the Inca Empire, was closely related to Puquina, and that Runa Simi (Quechuan languages) were spoken by commoners.
Moulian et al. (2015) argue that Puquina language influenced Mapuche language of southern Chile long before the rise of the Inca Empire. This areal linguistic influence may have started with a migratory wave arising from the collapse of the Tiwanaku empire around 1000 CE.
Sometimes the term Puquina is used for the Uru language, which is distinctly different.

lengua posiblemente extinta de los tiahuanacotas, perteneciente a la parcialidad arahuaca

Maxakalí (Maxakalí: Tikmũũn yĩy ax', Mãxakani yĩy ax: 22 ) is a Maxakalían language spoken in four villages in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by more than 2,000 people.: 30 It is the primary language of the Maxakalí people. There is no known dialectal variation within Maxakalí. The language is characterized by a unique phonology, including vowel lowering and backing, and the absence of fricatives and nasals. Maxakalí typically follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order, and verbs are inflected for mood. The Maxakalí lexicon includes verbal number, noun compounding, and lexical borrowings from Língua Geral varieties and Brazilian Portuguese.

The Uru language, more specifically known as Iru-Itu, and Uchumataqu, is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Uru people. In 2004, it had 2 remaining native speakers out of an ethnic group of 140 people in the La Paz Department, Bolivia near Lake Titicaca, the rest having shifted to Aymara and Spanish. The language is close enough to the Chipaya language to sometimes be considered a dialect of that language.
Uru is also called Ochosuma (Uchuzuma), a historical name for the Uru ethnic group.
In 2010, there was 1 single native speaker left of this language. By 2012 the language had no speakers left.

Cabiyarí (Caviyari) is an Arawakan language spoken along the Cananarí River in the Vaupes Region of Colombia in north western South America. The name is also spelled Cabiuarí, Cauyarí, Kauyarí, Cuyare, Kawillary.

Huilliche (which can also be found spelt Williche, Huiliche or Veliche) is a moribund branch of the Araucanian language family. In 1982 it was spoken by about 2,000 ethnic Huilliche people in Chile, but now [when?] it is only spoken by a few elderly speakers. It is spoken in the nation's Los Lagos and Los Ríos regions; and mountain valleys, between the city of Valdivia and south toward the Chiloé Archipelago.

Huilliche is composed of at least two varieties, called Huillichesungun and Tsesungun by their speakers. Huillichesungun is spoken in Wequetrumao, on the island of Chiloé, and Tsesungun is spoken in Choroy Traiguen, on the coast of Osorno province. Huilliche is closely related to Mapudungun, the language of the Mapuche, though more research is needed to determine the degree of mutual intelligibility between the two.

The "Enduring Voices" project of National Geographic reports the following:"They are to some degree hidden within the broader Mapuche ethnic group, yet consider themselves quite distinct in both language and identity [...] Though the two languages [Huillichesungun and Tsesungun] may share as many as 80% of basic words, we confirmed that they differ in their sounds and grammar, as well as in their ethno-linguistic identity [...] Unexpectedly, Tsesungun, though it is geographically closer to Mapudungun, is less similar to it."The Jesuit priest Luis de Valdivia reported in 1606 that there was linguistic unity in the territory between Coquimbo and Chiloé, from the Pacific to the Andes, and that this was composed of varieties whose differences were mostly in pronunciation and vocabulary. This analysis is supported by researchers at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, such as Félix José de Augusta or Rodolfo Lenz, and by those in the second half of the 20th century, such as Robert Croese. The latter two noted that Huilliche was the most divergent of the varieties of Araucanian, as did Pilar Álvarez-Santullano, a researcher in the phonology and syntax of Chesungun on the Osorno coast. A 2015 study found that the degree of mutual intelligibility was not possible to evaluate at present given that speakers of Huilliche were too few and with scant linguistic competence, nevertheless with the evidence available authors regarded Huilliche a variety of Mapudungun.
Most Huilliche speakers are older adults, and most ethnic Huilliche speak Spanish as their first language, making both Huilliche varieties highly endangered.

Môa Nawa is an obsolescent indigenous language spoken in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. It is a Panoan language, and seems to be close to Poyanawa, but classification is difficult due to a near lack of data – it might not be a distinct language at all.

Yãnoma is a Yanomaman language spoken by one of the Yanomami peoples in the southernmost part of Roraima state, Brazil. It was first reported in Ferreira et al. (2019). Yãnoma is spoken in the lower Catrimani River valley and in the community of Rasasi near Catrimani Mission by an estimated total of 178 people.

The Ofayé or Opaye language, also Ofaié-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, forms its own branch of the Macro-Jê languages. It is spoken by only a couple of the small Ofayé people, though language revitalization efforts are underway. Grammatical descriptions have been made by the Pankararú linguist Maria das Dores de Oliveira (Pankararu), as well as by Sarah C. Gudschinsky and Jennifer E. da Silva, from the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul.
It was spoken on the Ivinhema River, Pardo River, and Nhandú River in Mato Grosso do Sul. Guachi, spoken on the Vacaria River in Mato Grosso do Sul, is a dialect.

Katawixi (Catawishi) is a Katukinian language formerly spoken in Amazonas, Brazil.  It is nearly extinct among the known populations of Katawixi people, though an uncontacted group nearby may be Katawixi-speaking (Queixalós & Anjos G.S. 2007:29, cited in Hammarström 2010:194).
Only a handful of isolated tribes still speak this language.

Iquito (pronounced [iˈkitu]) is a highly endangered Zaparoan language of Peru. Iquito is one of three surviving Zaparoan languages; the other two being Záparo, with 1-3 speakers, and Arabela with about 75 speakers. Three extinct languages are also considered to be Zaparoan: Andoa, Aushiri, and Cahuarano. Some classifiers also consider Omurano to be Zaparoan.  Other names used for the language include Iquita, Ikito, Amacacore, Hamacore, Quiturran, and Puca-Uma, although Iquito is the most common.
Of the ethnic Iquito population of 500, as of 2006, there are 25 fluent or native speakers, all of whom are over 55 years old, and about 25 partial or passive speakers, all of whom are over the age of 25. Iquito is spoken in the Loreto Province, the regions of the Pintoyacu, Nanay, and Chambira rivers, and the villages of San Antonio and Atalaya.
It is technically an official language of Peru. There is a negative attitude towards the language in the Iquito communities and Iquitos mostly use Spanish. This is partially due to decades of pressure to assimilate into Spanish-speaking culture. The population is Christian; the Bible was translated into Iquito in 1963. The Iquito people cultivate yuca, are fishermen and hunters, rubber gatherers, and traders.

Dâw is a Nadahup language spoken by about one hundred Dâw people in the northwestern part of Amazonas, Brazil, in an area commonly known as Alto Rio Negro. Most Dâw also speak Nheengatu and Portuguese.
An extinct variety, Kurikuria(r)í, named after the Curicuriari River, was a distinct language sociolinguistically, but at least partially intelligible with Dâw.

French Guianese Creole (Kriyòl; also called variously Guianan Creole, Guianese Creole in English and Créole guyanais in French) is a French-based creole language spoken in French Guiana, and to a lesser degree, in Suriname and Brazil. It resembles Antillean Creole, but there are some lexical and grammatical differences between them. Antilleans can generally understand French Guianese Creole, though there may be some instances of confusion. The differences consist of more French and Brazilian Portuguese influences (due to the proximity of Brazil and Portuguese presence in the country for several years). There are also words of Amerindian and African origin. There are French Guianese communities in Suriname and Brazil who continue to speak the language.
It should not be confused with the Guyanese Creole language, based on English, spoken in nearby Guyana.

Xakriabá (also called Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba or Shicriabá) is an extinct or dormant Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese. The language is known through two short wordlists collected by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.: 14 
The last confirmed native speaker of the language died in 1864.

Lule is an indigenous language of northern Argentina, which may now be extinct. Campbell (1997) writes that in 1981 there was an unconfirmed report that Lule was still spoken by 5 families in Resistencia in east-central Chaco Province. It is unclear if it is the same language as Tonocoté.

Inga Kichwa is a dialect of Kichwa spoken in the Colombian Putumayo region by the Inga people. There are two dialects: Highland Inga, spoken in the Sibundoy valley; and Jungle Inga, spoken on the Putumayo and Japurá Rivers.

Menién is an extinct language related to Kamakã. It is one of the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil.

The Pauna language, Paunaca, Paunaka, is an Arawakan language in South America. It is an extremely endangered language, which belongs to the southern branch of the Arawakan language family and it is spoken in the Bolivian area of the Chiquitanía, near Santa Cruz and north of the Chaco region. The suffix -ka is a plural morpheme of the Chiquitano language, but has been assimilated into Pauna.
There could be a relationship to the extinct Paiconeca language, which is also part of the Arawakan family. Aikhenvald (1999) lists Paiconeca as a separate language, but Kaufman (1994) subsumed it as a dialect of Pauna.
The Spanish colonisation changed a whole continent. Indigenous languages were displaced and replaced and younger generations did not keep in touch with their linguistic roots anymore.  Spanish and Chiquitano became the main languages in this Bolivian area, and especially Spanish is the medium of teaching in schools. Due to this fact children are focusing on Spanish instead of their original languages. 
Currently there remain approximately ten speakers and semi-speakers, who live in the eastern part of Bolivia among the Chiquitano people. However, 150 people feel to be part of the ethnic group, of which some can still understand Paunaka. The Paunaka language and culture is currently under investigation.

Fulniô, or Yatê, is a language isolate of Brazil, and the only indigenous language remaining in the northeastern part of that country. The two dialects, Fulniô and Yatê, are very close. The Fulniô dialect is used primarily during a three-month religious retreat. Today, the language is spoken in Águas Belas, Pernambuco.
The language is also called Carnijó, and alternate spellings are Fornió, Furniô, Yahthe, and Iatê.

Guahibo, the native language of the Guahibo people, is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 23,006 people in Colombia and additional 8,428 in Venezuela.  There is a 40% rate of monolingualism, and a 45% literacy rate.

Kayabí (Caiabi; also Kawaiwete) is a Tupian language spoken by the Kayabí people of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Although the Kayabi call themselves Kagwahiva, their language is not part of the Kagwahiva language.
It is spoken in the Xingu Indigenous Park and Apiaká-Kayabi Indigenous Territory.

Achagua, or Achawa (Achagua: Achawa), is an Arawakan language spoken in the Meta Department of Colombia, similar to Piapoco. It is estimated that 250 individuals speak the language, many of whom also speak Piapoco or Spanish.
"Achagua is a language of the Maipurean Arawakan group traditionally spoken by the Achagua people of Venezuela and east-central Colombia."
A "Ponares" language is inferred from surnames, and may have been Achawa or Piapoco.
There is 1 to 5% literacy in Achagua.

Aushiri (Auxira, Awishira, Vacacocha) is an extinct Zaparoan language formerly spoken in Peru. It was spoken in the area of the tributaries to the right bank of the Napo River, in the Escuelacocha region.

Baudó Emberá also known as Baudó is an Embera language of Colombia. It is partially intelligible with both Northern Embera and Eperara, and it is not clear which branch of Embera it belongs to.

Tabatinga Mayoruna is an extinct indigenous language of the Amazon basin, on the borders of Brazil and Peru. It is the most divergent of the Mayoruna languages of the Panoan family.

Yucuna (Jukuna), also known as Matapi, Yucuna-Matapi, and Yukunais, is an Arawakan language spoken in several communities along the Mirití-Paraná River in Colombia. Extinct Guarú (Garú) was either a dialect or a closely related language. Yucuna is a polysynthetic language, and it uses SVO word order.  
The Matapi, a Tucanoan people, lived at the headwaters of the Popeyacá and Yapiyá, tributaries to the Miriti River and Apaporis River but most may have been sold as slaves or moved to Brazil. The remainder joined the Yucuna.

Charrúa is an extinct Charruan language historically spoken by the Charrúa people in southern Uruguay.

Andaqui (or Andaki) is an extinct language from the southern highlands of Colombia. It has been linked to the Paezan or Barbacoan languages, but no connections have been demonstrated. It was spoken by the Andaqui people of Colombia.

Cafundó (Portuguese pronunciation: [kafũˈdɔ]), or Cupópia ([kuˈpɔpjɐ]), is an argot ("secret language") spoken in the Brazilian village of Cafundó, São Paulo, now a suburb of Salto de Pirapora. The language is structurally similar to Portuguese, with many Bantu words in its lexicon.
Cafundó was at first thought to be an African language, but a later study (1996) by Carlos Vogt and Peter Fry showed that its grammatical and morphological structure are those of Brazilian Portuguese, specifically the rural hinterland Southeastern variety, caipira. Whereas its lexicon is heavily drawn from some Bantu language(s). It is therefore not a creole language, as it is sometimes considered. In contrast to Vogt and Fry (1996), Álvarez López and Jon-And (2017) suggests that when speakers code-switch from Cafundó Portuguese to Cupópia, they produce something different from a contemporary regional variety of Portuguese with a number of African-derived words. Rather, the passages in which Cupópia is used comprise specific grammatical features, suggesting that the variety has its own grammar.

Karitiana, otherwise known as Caritiana or Yjxa, is a Tupian language spoken in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, by 210 out of 320 Karitiana people, or 400 according to Cláudio Karitiana, in the Karitiana reserve 95 kilometres south of Porto Velho. The language belongs to the Arikém language family from the Tupi stock. It is the only surviving language in the family after the other two members, Kabixiâna and Arikém, became extinct.

Akurio, also known as Akuriyó, is an endangered Cariban language. It was used by the Akurio people in Suriname until the late 20th century. The group then began using the Trío language. Akuriyo does not have a writing system.

Yupuá (Jupua, Hiupiá), or Yupuá-Duriña, is an extinct Eastern Tucanoan language from Colombia.

Akuntsu is a Tupian language of Brazil. Peaceful contact with the Akuntsu people was only made in 1995; they had been massacred by cattle ranchers in the 1980s.
It is considered unlikely that the Akuntsu language or culture will survive following the deaths of the tribe's remaining members. For this reason several observers have described the tribe as the victims of genocide. The neighbouring Kanoê have been similarly reduced in number through contact with settlers, as were the people of a man recently encountered living alone in the Igarapé Omerê reserve who was apparently the sole survivor of his tribe, referred to as the Man of the Hole.

Western Bolivian Guarani, known locally as Simba and Simba Guarani, is a Guarani language spoken in Bolivia, in the Chuquisaca Department north of the Pilcomayo River.
Western Bolivian Guarani is one of a number of "Guarani dialects" considered distinct languages by Ethnologue: Chiripá, Eastern Bolivian Guarani, Mbyá Guarani, Aché, Kaiwá, Xetá, and Paraguayan Guaraní. Of these, Paraguayan Guaraní is by far the most widely spoken variety and it is often referred to simply as Guaraní.

Guamo (a.k.a. Wamo or Guamotey) is an extinct language of Venezuela. Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with the Chapacuran languages convincing.

Macaguán (Hitnü) is a Guahiban language that was spoken by about 400 people in Colombia. Many of its speakers are monoglots.

El ñeꞌengatú (autoglotónimo: nhẽẽgatú, ieꞌengatú), tupí moderno, lengua yeral amazónica o brasílico es una lengua tupí-guaraní que se habla en Brasil. Este idioma surgió en el siglo XVIII como una evolución natural del antiguo tupinambá amazónico, una antigua rama dialectal de la familia tupí-guaraní, que se extendía por toda la región desde Marañón, en la costa de Brasil, y en Paraguay antes del contacto con los europeos, y que siguió siendo extensivamente usada por los colonizadores en la época colonial portuguesa.[1]​[2]​
Se originó en el éxodo del pueblo tupinambá que, huyendo de los conquistadores portugueses del litoral bahiano, entraron al Amazonas y se asentaron primero en Marañón, de donde salieron para ir a la bahía de Guajará (Belém),[3]​ donde se encuentra la desembocadura del río Tapajós, y finalmente llegar a la isla fluvial Tupinambarana, en la frontera entre Pará y Amazonas. El idioma de los tupinambás, al pertenecer a un pueblo temido y conquistador, se convirtió en la lengua franca que, al estar en contacto con las lenguas de sus pueblos conquistados, comenzó a diferenciaciarse. Por ello, los pueblos arahuacos de la región de Parintins empezaron a ser llamados tupinambaranas, entre ellos los maraguaces, los zapupés, los curiatós, los saterés y los mismos parintins.[4]​
Ya conquistado el Amazonas por los portugueses desde el 1600 y habiendo establecido una colonia al comienzo del siglo XVII, en el estado del Gran Pará y Marañón, cuya capital (Belém) fue nombrada Ciudad de los Tupinambás (Tupinãbá marií), los sacerdotes que apuntaban al catecismo en este idioma elaboraron la gramática y la ortografía, lo que resultó en la lengua general septentrional o lengua yeral amazónica, cuyo desarrollo tomó lugar de forma paralela al de la lengua yeral paulista (hoy en día extinta).[5]​
Desde entonces, el ñeꞌengatú se ha expandido por el Amazonas como instrumento de colonización, dominación portuguesa y estandarización lingüística, lo que causó que muchos pueblos lo convirtieran su idioma principal, reemplazando el suyo, como es el caso de los baré, cuya lengua se extinguió. Otros pueblos, como el maraguá, se encuentran revitalizando su lengua y hoy aprenden tanto el suyo como el ñeꞌengatú en las escuelas. La lengua yeral fue el idioma oficial de la Colonia del Brasil hasta el siglo XVIII.
Se habla en toda la región del valle del Río Negro, tanto en Brasil como en Colombia y Venezuela. Los hablantes se encuentran principalmente en la región del Alto Río Negro, con una amplia variedad hablada en la región del Medio Río Negro. Más específicamente, la mayor parte de los hablantes se encuentra en el municipio de San Gabriel de la Cascada, en el estado de Amazonas, Brasil, donde el ñeꞌengatú es un idioma oficial (junto con el baniano, el tucán y el portugués) desde 2002. En 2021 se estableció como cooficial también en el municipio de Monsenhor Tabosa.[6]​ Además, es hablado en la región del Bajo Amazonas y en el estado de Pará, donde se está revitalizando entre los diferentes pueblos de la región y también entre los propios ribereños.[7]​
Actualmente, aproximadamente 20 060 personas continúan hablando el idioma en tres variantes lingüísticas en Brasil: el yẽgatu (de la región de Río Negro), el ñeꞌengatú tradicional (del bajo Amazonas) y el ñeꞌengatú tapajoawara (del bajo Río Tapajós). Asimismo, existen dos en los países vecinos: el ñeꞌengatú de Venezuela y el nyengatu (de Colombia).

Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricaá, and Paragua rivers.

Jaqaru or Jacaru is a language of the Aymaran family. It is also known as Jaqi and Aru. It is spoken in the districts of Tupe and Catahuasi in Yauyos Province, Lima Region, Peru. Most of the 2,000 ethnic Jaqaru have migrated to Lima.
Kawki, a divergent dialect, is spoken in the nearby communities of Cachuy, Canchán, Caipán and Chavín by a few elderly individuals (9 surviving in early 2005). Hardman has noted that while Jaqaru and Kawki share a degree of mutual intelligibility, speakers of one were unable to understand tape recordings of the other, and in a few cases of marriage between Kawki and Jaqaru speakers, the home language was Spanish. (However, the home language of most Jaqaru and Kawki is now Spanish.) Historical analysis shows that the two languages were out of contact for a period. The name Tupe is used for Jaqaru and Kawki together.
There exist clear differences between Jaqaru and Kawki in regard to morphology. Jaqaru has ten verb persons, whereas Kawki has only nine (due to a case of homophony wherein Kawki maintained the semantic distinction between two different person markers, but lost the form distinction between the two). Additionally, regressive vowel harmony is present throughout the verb person system in Jaqaru, but does not appear in Kawki. Phonologically, Kawki is differentiated from Jaqaru in its vowel system. Jaqaru contains six vowels- three of regular length and three short, whereas Kawki has only the three regular-length vowels.

Tatuyo is a tonal Tucanoan language of Colombia. Lexically, its closest relative is Carapano: the two languages' lexicons are 96.3% cognates.

Paraujano is an Arawakan language spoken by the Paraujano, or Anũ, people of Venezuela. The Paraujano live by Lake Maracaibo, Zulia State, in Northwest Venezuela.

Shipibo (also Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo) is a Panoan language spoken in Peru and Brazil by approximately 26,000 speakers. Shipibo is a recognized indigenous language of Peru.

Yawalapiti (Jaulapiti) is an Arawakan language of Brazil. The Agavotaguerra (Agavotoqueng) reportedly spoke the same language. Speakers of the language live in a village along the edge of the river Tuatuari, a tributary of the Kuluene River, located in the southern part of the Xingu Indigenous Park (Upper Xingu), in the state of Mato Grosso.

Dʉmʉna (also known as Malayo or Wiwa) is a Chibchan language spoken by the indigenous Wiwa people on the southern and eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. According to Ethnologue, it was spoken by 1,850 people in 2007; however, according to the Colombian Ministry of Culture, there were 13,627 Wiwa people in 2010, of whom some 60% speak Dʉmʉna well.

Arikapú or Maxubí is an endangered Yabutian language.
Loukotka (1968) lists Arikapú and Maxubí as separate languages. Arikapú is spoken on the Branco River south of the Tuparí tribe. Maxubí is spoken on the Mequéns River.

Siriano is a Tucanoan language of Colombia, with a few speakers in Brazil.

Isconahua or Iscobaquebo is an indigenous American language of the Panoan family. It is spoken by the Isconahua tribe in Peru. The Isconahua is a very isolated tribe and has very little contact with the outside world.
As of 2000, there were 82 speakers. As of 2023, language preservation efforts were underway.
It has an official alphabet approved by the Ministry of Education of Peru.

Eklenhui (Iyojwaʼja Chorote) is a language spoken in northeastern Salta, Argentina, by about 800 people. It is also known as Choroti, Yofuaha, and Eklenjuy.
It is separate from the similarly named Iyoʼwujwa Chorote.

Kaapor (Kaʼapor, Kaaporté), also known as "Urubú," "Caapor" or Urubú-Kaapor, is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken as a primary language by the Kaʼapor people of Brazil. The language is also spoken as a second language by non-Ka'apor ethnic groups, including Tembé. 
There is a high incidence of congenital deafness among the Kaʼapor people, most of whom grow up bilingual in Urubu-Kaapor Sign Language, which may be indigenous to them.

Kaʼapor Sign Language (also known as Urubu Sign Language or Urubu–Kaʼapor Sign Language, although these are pejorative; Portuguese: Língua de sinais caapor brasileira) is a village sign language used by the small community of Kaʼapor people in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Linguist Jim Kakumasu observed in 1968 that the number of deaf people in the community was 7 out of a population of about 500. This relatively high ratio of deafness (1 in 75) led to both hearing and deaf members of the community using the language, and most hearing children grow up bilingual in the spoken and signed languages. The current state of the language is unknown. Other Indigenous tribes in the region have also been reported to use sign languages, and to communicate between themselves using sign language pidgins.
Notable features of Kaʼapor Sign Language are its object–subject–verb word order, and its locating of the past in front of the signer and the future behind, in contrast to sign languages of European origin, including American Sign Language, Auslan and New Zealand Sign Language. This may represent a world view of the past as something visible, and the future as unknowable.
Kakumasu noted several features which sign language linguists today recognise as common to other sign languages, such as the use of name signs. Conditional and imperative grammatical moods are marked by non-manual features such as a widening of the eyes and tensing of facial muscles. Questions are marked with a question sign either before or after the clause, described as "a motion of the index finger towards the referent (addressee) with a slight wrist twist."

Yabaâna (Yabaána, Yabahana) is a dormant Arawakan (Maipurean) language of Brazil.

Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí) is a moribund language last spoken in the Resistencia area of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte 'Waqha speakers'. There were 2 semispeakers as of 2007.
The last Vilela people were absorbed into the surrounding Toba people and Spanish-speaking townsfolk.

Kadiwéu is a Guaicuruan language spoken by the Kadiweu people of Brazil, and historically by other Mbayá groups. It has around 1,200-1,800 people in Brazil. It is mainly a subject–verb–object language.
The name Kadiweu has variants such as Kaduveo, Caduveo, Kadivéu, and Kadiveo. This language is spoken near the Brazil-Paraguay border in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The nearest town is Bodoquena, which is 60 kilometers away. According to data collected in 1999 by FUNAI, the total population of the Kadiwéu is 1,014; however, more recent data collected in 2014 shows that the population increased to 1,413 over the past couple of years, while the most recently researched data (from 1976) showed that there were 500 speakers of the language. None of the works on Kadiweu discussed the level of endangerment.
In terms of the linguistic literature on Kadiweu, linguists Glyn and Cynthia Griffiths published an entire Kadiweu–Portuguese dictionary in 2002. Glyn Griffiths also translated the Old and New Testament of the Bible into Kadiweu. Linguist Filomena Sandalo, who worked with the Kadiweu people for a couple of years, offers an extensive analysis of the morphological components of the language.
Projects that began working with Kadiweu were created in the mid 1950s. However, they were short lived due to unexplained reasons. However, in 1968 the Griffiths partnered with SIL (Sociedade Internacional de Lingüística), which led to the documentation of the Kadiweu language. Their book Aspectos da Língua Kadiweu discussed the formation and grammatical structure of the language. Moreover, an influential source according to Povo Indigenas no Brazil is the 18th-century ethnographic account of Kadiwéu by F. José Sanchez-Labrador. These are just some of the many writings on the language that uncover the vast and complex language that is Kadiweu.

Tacana is a Western Tacanan language spoken by some 1,800 Tacana people in Bolivia out of an ethnic population of 5,000. They live in the forest along the Beni and Madre de Dios rivers in the north of La Paz Department. Numerous dialects, now extinct, have been attributed to Tacana:  Ayaychuna, Babayana, Chiliuvo, Chivamona, Idiama (Ixiama), Pamaino, Pasaramona, Saparuna, Siliama, Tumupasa (Maracani, "Tupamasa"), Uchupiamona, Yabaypura, and Yubamona (Mason 1950).

Tuxináwa (Tuchinawa) is an extinct Panoan language of Brazil. It closely resembled Yaminawa dialects.

Caquinte (Caquinte Campa), also Poyenisati, is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is spoken along the Poyeni, Mayapo, Picha, Yori, and Agueni rivers, with some speakers along parts of the Sensa and Vitiricaya rivers, within Junín, Peru. It is an endangered language.
Caquinte people are a division of the Campa Indians. They mostly live outside the "regional cash economy". They raise manioc as protein staple, being a subsistence agricultural community. There are approximately 1,000 people with "sporadic" outside contact.

Waninawa, also known as Kamanawa and Panoan Katukína, is a Panoan language of Brazil.
Dialects are Katukina of Olinda, Katukina of Sete Estreles, and the extinct Kanamari (cf. Kanamari) (Fleck 2013).

Yurutí, or Wajiara, is a Tucanoan language of Colombia, with around 1,200 speakers in Colombia and Brazil.

Harákmbut or Harakmbet (stress on the second syllable) is the native language of the Harakmbut people of Peru. It is spoken along the Madre de Dios and Colorado Rivers, in the pre-contact country of the people. There are two dialects that remain vital: Amarakaeri (Arakmbut) and Watipaeri (Huachipaeri), which are reported to be mutually intelligible. The relationship between speakers of the two dialects is hostile.
As of 2012, Amarakaeri is still being learned by children in some communities. There 5% literacy compared to 75% literacy in the second language Spanish. They live in the communities of Puerto Luz, Shintuya, San José Del Karene, Barranco Chico, Boca Inambari, Boca Ishiriwe, Puerto Azul, Masenawa and Kotsimba. The name Amarakaeri, from wa-mba-arak-a-eri "murderers", is considered derogatory; the endonym Arakmbut is preferred.
Speakers of Watipaeri (wa-tipa-eri) are mostly concentrated in the indigenous communities of Queros and Santa Rosa de Huacaria, in the Peruvian rainforest. Their members have been experiencing cultural loss, including the complexities of their language, particularly because of the generational gap between the elders and the youth.

Cumana (Kumaná) is a possibly extinct Chapacuran language.  Various names ascribed to the language in Campbell (2012) are Torá, Toraz (distinguish Torá language), and Cautario, the last perhaps after the local river, and Abitana-Kumaná (distinguish Abitana dialect).
In addition, there is a Chapacuran language called Kujubim (Kuyubí, Cojubím), which may still be spoken. The endonym, Kaw To Yo (or Kaw Tayó, which means 'eaters of payara fish'), may be the source of the river and language name Cautario.  Sources which list one do not list the other, so these may be the same language.

Kaskihá (Cashquiha) is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco. It is one of several that go by the generic name Guaná.

Apingi, also known as Apiaká (of Tocantins), is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Kaufman (2007) placed it in his Arara branch. It was said to be moribund in 1968, with only a few speakers.

Paumarí (also Paumari, Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupurú, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in Brazil by about 300 older adults out of an ethnic population of 900. It is spoken by the Paumari Indians, who call their language "Pamoari". The word Pamoari has several different meanings in the Paumarí language: 'man,' 'people,' 'human being,' and 'client.' These multiple meanings stem from their different relationships with outsiders; presumably it means 'human being' when they refer to themselves to someone of ostensibly equal status, and 'client' when referring to their people among river traders and Portuguese speakers.
Speakers of Arawan languages, particularly Paumarí (who have had the most contact with non-natives) are beginning to speak Portuguese. The result, for many of the speakers in Paumarí, is a hybrid of Portuguese and Paumarí, incorporating vocabulary from both languages while retaining the syntax of neither (Chapman, a researcher from the Summer Institute of Linguistics, claims that, at the time of her arrival in 1964, all Paumarí spoke a mixture of Paumarí and Portuguese). Out of the Paumarí group that inhabits the Tapauá River, the youth, which makes up nearly a majority of the population, spoke only Portuguese in 1964. This 'linguistic Creole' tendency in the Paumarí language highlights exactly why languages such as Paumarí are endangered.
It is a largely head-marking language with unmarked SVO word order and an ergative alignment for marking of nouns combined with accusative marking of pronouns.
Paumarí has only two open word classes – nouns and verbs. However, it also has numerous closed classes including fourteen adjectives, adpositions, interjections, conjunctions and demonstratives. Paumarí nouns are elaborately divided into over one hundred possessed nouns and a larger number of free nouns. Furthermore, each free noun has grammatical gender - being either masculine or feminine, with feminine being the unmarked gender and indicated by the suffix -ni.
Verb roots have up to fifteen suffix positions, but all are only optionally filled. Most of these refer to location or aspect, plus a negative suffix -ra.

Cholón (Spanish: lengua cholona), natively known as Seeptsá and Tsinganes, is a  language of Peru. It was spoken near Uchiza, from Tingo María to Valle in the Huallaga River valley of Huanuco and San Martín regions.
The language was previously thought to be extinct but a native speaker was discovered in 2021, in the city of Juanjuí. Martha Pérez Valderrama is believed to be the last remaining speaker of Cholón. However, her cousin Clemente also speaks Cholón, annd she reports that there are more speakers in the area. Despite the last full speakers dying in the 1990s, the current speakers can produce brief texts, not being limited to basic words and phrases.

Araweté is a Tupi–Guaraní language of the state of Amazonas, in the Amazon region of Brazil. Nearly all speakers were monolingual in 1986.

Nambikwara (also called Nambiquara and Southern Nambiquara, to distinguish it from Mamaindê) is an indigenous language spoken by the Nambikwara, who reside on federal reserves covering approximately 50,000 square kilometres of land in Mato Grosso and neighbouring parts of Rondônia in Brazil. Due to the fact that the Nambikwara language has such a high proportion of speakers (and, one can infer, a high rate of transmission), and the fact that the community has a positive attitude towards the language, it is not considered to be endangered despite the fact that its speakers constitute a small minority of the Brazilian population. For these reasons, UNESCO instead classifies Nambikwara as vulnerable.

Pawishiana (Pauixiana) is an extinct Cariban language in the Paravilyana subgroup.

Enlhet (Eenlhit), or Northern Lengua, is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco, spoken by the northern Enxet people. It is also known as Vowak and Powok.
In Filadelfia (Paraguayan Chaco) there is an organization that advocates for Enlhet language.

Cocama (Kokáma) is a language spoken by thousands of people in western South America. It is spoken along the banks of the Northeastern lower Ucayali, lower Marañón, and Huallaga rivers and in neighboring areas of Brazil and an isolated area in Colombia. There are three dialects. The robust dialect is known as Cocama, Kokama, Kukama-Kukamiria, Ucayali, Xibitaoan, Huallaga, Pampadeque, and Pandequebo. By 1999, Cocamilla (Kokamíya) was moribund, being only spoken by people over 40.
Out of a projected ethnic population of 15,000, the majority of Cocama speakers, 2,000, live in Peru. Remaining speakers live in Amazonas state in Brazil, where 50 out of 411 ethnic Chayahuitas speak it and it is known as Kokama or Kokamilla. Most speakers are trilingual and can also speak Portuguese and Spanish. Very few are monolingual. There are 20 ethnic groups in Colombia's Lower Putumayo area with an unknown number of Cocama-Cocamilla speakers. Most expected speakers would also be trilingual, but the language may be extinct in the region.
Cocama speakers have a 3% literacy rate, compared with 50% for Spanish. Grammar rules have been developed and the language is written using the Latin script. Parts of the Bible have been translated into the language.
Cocama is closely related to Omagua, a nearly extinct language spoken in Peru and Brazil.

Itonama is a moribund language isolate once spoken by the Itonama people in the Amazonian lowlands of north-eastern Bolivia. It was spoken on the Itonomas River and Lake in Beni Department.
In Magdalena town on the western bank of the Itonama River (a tributary of the Iténez River), located in Iténez Province, only a few elderly people remember a few words and phrases.: 483 

The Hodï (Jodï, Jotí, Hoti) language, also known as Yuwana (Yoana), Waruwaru, or Chikano (Chicano), is a small unclassified language spoken by the Hodï people of Venezuela. Very little is known of it; its several hundred speakers are monolingual hunter-gatherers. The people call themselves Jojodö ('the people') or Wįlǫ̈, and their language Jojodö tjįwęnę. The two communities with the most speakers are San José de Kayamá and Caño Iguana, with several hundred speakers total.: 550 
Sources are inconsistent with nasals, varying between e.g. nV and lṼ.

Hixkaryana  is one of the Cariban languages, spoken by just over 500 people on the Nhamundá River, a tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. It is one of around a dozen languages that are described as having object–verb–subject word order (initially by linguist Desmond C. Derbyshire).

Hunsrik (natively Hunsrik [ˈhunsɾɪk], Hunsrückisch or Hunsrickisch and Portuguese hunsriqueano or hunsriqueano riograndense), also called Riograndese Hunsrik, Riograndenser Hunsrückisch or Katharinensisch, is a Moselle Franconian language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German which is spoken in parts of South America. A co-official language in the Brazilian municipalities of Antônio Carlos, Santa Maria do Herval, and São João do Oeste, Hunsrik is spoken in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná, as well as some regions of neighboring Paraguay and Argentina. It has been an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul since 2012, and considered an intangible cultural heritage of Santa Catarina state since 2016.
Hunsrik developed from the Hunsrückisch dialect spoken by immigrants from the Hunsrück region of Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland) who settled in Brazil's southern region such as Rio Grande do Sul, beginning under the Empire of Brazil in 1824. This immigration later fell under the control of individual states, and then of private European investment enterprises. While primarily based on the Hunsrückisch branch of the German language, it has also been greatly influenced by other German dialects such as East Pomeranian and Plautdietsch and by Portuguese, the national language of Brazil. It has been influenced to a lesser extent by indigenous languages such as Kaingang and Guarani and by immigrant languages such as Italian and Talian.
Portuguese expressions and words are commonly imported into Hunsrik, particularly in reference to fauna and flora (which are different from those of Germany) and to technological innovations that did not exist when the original immigrants came to Brazil, leading to words like Aviong for airplane (Portuguese avião) instead of Flugzeug, Kamiong (Pt. caminhão, truck) instead of Lastwagen, Tëlevisong (Pt. televisão) instead of Fernseher, etc. Daily expressions are often calques (literal translations) of Portuguese.
Also common are the use of German suffixes attached to Portuguese words, such as Canecache, "little mug," from Portuguese caneca, "mug," and German diminutive suffix -chen (-che in Hunsrik); hybrid forms such as Schuhloja, "shoe shop," from German Schuh and Portuguese loja, and Germanized forms of Portuguese verbs: lembreere, "to remember"; namoreere "to flirt"; respondeere, "to answer" (Portuguese lembrar, namorar, and responder). However, regardless of these borrowings, its grammar and vocabulary are still largely Germanic.
Although Hunsrik is the most common Germanic language in south Brazil, the use of this language—particularly in the last three to four generations—continues to decrease. Glottolog classifies the language as "shifting" on its Agglomerated Endangerment Status.

Munichi is an extinct language which was spoken in the village of Munichis, about 10 miles (16 km) west of Yurimaguas, Loreto Region, Peru. In 1988, there were two mother-tongue speakers, but they had not met since the 1970s. The last known fluent speaker, Victoria Huancho Icahuate, died in the late 1990s. As of 2009 there were several semi-speakers who retained significant lexical, and partial grammatical, knowledge of the language (Michael et al. 2013).
It is also called Balsapuertiño, named after the village of Balsapuerto in the department of Loreto, Peru.
Word order in Munichi is VSO.

Taushiro, also known as Pinche or Pinchi, is a nearly extinct possible language isolate of the Peruvian Amazon near Ecuador. In 2000 SIL counted one speaker in an ethnic population of 20. Documentation was done in the mid-1970s by Neftalí Alicea. The last living speaker of Taushiro, Amadeo García García, was profiled in The New York Times in 2017.
The first glossary of Taushiro contained 200 words and was collected by Daniel Velie in 1971.

The Pemon language (or Pemón in Spanish) is an indigenous language of the Cariban family spoken by some 30,000 Pemon people, in Venezuela's Southeast, particularly in the Canaima National Park, in the Roraima State of Brazil and in Guyana.
It covers several dialects, including Arecuna (or Arekuna), Camaracota, Camaracoto, Ingariko (or Ingarikó), Taulipang, and Taurepan (Camaracoto may be a distinct language). The Pemon language may also be known and designated informally by one of the two dialects Arecuna (or Arekuna) or Ingariko (or Ingarikó), or incorrectly under the name Kapon which normally designates another closely related small group of languages.
Pemon is one of several other closely related Venezuelan Cariban languages which also include the Macushi and Kapon (or Kapong, also sometimes used by natives to name the Pemon language itself, even if Kapon strictly covers only the two Akawaio and Patamona languages). These four languages (including Macushi) form the group of Pemongan (or Pemóng) languages. The broad Kapon (or Kapong) and selective Ingariko (or Ingarikó) terms are also used locally as a common ethnonym grouping Pemón, Akawaio, and Patamono peoples (and sometimes as well the Macushi people), and may be used as well to refer to the group of the four Pemongan (or Pemóng) languages that they speak.

Ese Ejja (Ese'eha, Eseʼexa, Ese exa), also known as Tiatinagua (Tatinawa), is a Tacanan language of Bolivia and Peru. It is spoken by Ese Ejja people of all ages.  Dialects are Guacanawa (Guarayo/Huarayo), Baguaja, Echoja, and possibly extinct Chama, Chuncho, Huanayo, Kinaki, and Mohino. Chunene is "similar" to Ese Ejja, though whether a dialect or a separate language is not clear.

Santiago del Estero Quichua or Santiagueño Quechua (Santiagen Quichua) is a vulnerable dialect of Southern Quechua spoken by 60,000-100,000 people (estimates vary widely) in Argentina. It is spoken in the province of Santiago del Estero. The estimated coordinates are 27°47′S 64°16′W.  Long-standing migration has also resulted in the presence of the language in other provinces of northeastern Argentina and in Buenos Aires. 
It is 81% similar to other Quechuan languages. There are radio programs in this languages and also a dictionary. There is some cultivation of the language as it is taught in some schools. It uses the Roman alphabet. Its speakers are Native Americans and they mostly work in agriculture. It is the seventh-most widely spoken language in Argentina behind Spanish, Italian, Levantine Arabic, South Bolivian Quechua, Standard German, and Mapudungun. It is the third most widely spoken indigenous language.
There was once another dialect of Southern Quechua in Argentina, that of Catamarca and La Rioja, but it has gone extinct. All were introduced during the Spanish colonial period, as Quechua speakers were transplanted to various parts of the Spanish realm (continuing a practice of the Inca), and Quechua was an official language of Santiago, Catamarca, and La Rioja during the colonial era.

The Yaruro language (also spelled Llaruro or Yaruru; also called Yuapín or Pumé) is an indigenous language spoken by Yaruro people, along the Orinoco, Cinaruco, Meta, and Apure rivers of Venezuela. It is not well classified; it may be an isolate, or distantly related to the extinct Esmeralda language.

Tapirapé (also known as Apyãwa and Tapi'irape) is a Tupí-Guaraní language of Brazil spoken near the Araguaia River, in the border of the states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins. As of 2020, the language has around 917 speakers, who belong to the Tapirapé ethnic group.

Arazaire and Arasa are a pair of closely related languages of uncertain affiliation, within the Pano-Tacanan languages.

The Rikbaktsa language, also spelled Aripaktsa, Erikbatsa or Erikpatsa and known ambiguously as Canoeiro, is a language spoken by 40 of the Rikbaktsa people of Mato Grosso, Brazil, that forms its own branch of the Macro-Gê languages, or is a language isolate.
Most Rikbaktsa can speak both Rikbaktsa and Portuguese. Younger individuals tend to speak Portuguese more frequently and fluently than their elders, but older individuals generally struggle with Portuguese and use it only with non-indigenous Brazilians.
Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Cariban languages.

The Ikpeng language is the language of the Ikpeng people (also known as Txikāo) who live in the Xingu Indigenous National Park in Mato Grosso, Brazil. There are approximately 500 speakers. Ikpeng is a language with high transmission, meaning it is passed on from parent to child at a high rate, with all members speaking the language. The majority of members are also bilingual speakers of Portuguese. The Ikpeng language is part of the Carib (Karib) language family.

Matanawi (Matanauí, Mitandua, Moutoniway) is an extinct divergent Amazonian language that appears to be distantly related to the Muran languages. It was originally spoken on the Castanha River and Madeirinha River in Amazonas State.

Nadëb or Kaburi is a Nadahup language of the Brazilian Amazon, along the Uneiuxi, Japura, and Negro rivers. Various names for it include Nadöbö, Xïriwai, Hahöb, Guariba/Wariwa, Kaborí, Anodöub, sometimes compounded with the term Maku, as in Maku do Paraná Boá-Boá after one of the rivers in Nadëb territory.

Yaminawa (Yaminahua) is a Panoan language of western Amazonia. It is spoken by the Yaminawá and some related peoples.
Yaminawa constitutes an extensive dialect cluster.  Attested dialects are two or more Brazilian Yaminawa dialects, Peruvian Yaminawa, Chaninawa, Chitonawa, Mastanawa (=Nastanawa), Parkenawa (= Yora or "Nawa"), Shanenawa (Xaninaua, = Katukina de Feijó), Sharanawa (= Marinawa), Shawannawa (= Arara), Yawanawá, Yaminawa-arara (obsolescent; very similar to Shawannawa/Arara), Nehanáwa†). Xinane Yura, a recently discovered variety, is spoken by a group contacted in Kampa and Envira River Isolated Peoples Indigenous Territory, Acre, Brazil during the 2010s.
Very few Yaminawá speak Spanish or Portuguese, though the Shanenawa have mostly shifted to Portuguese.

Lapachu, also known as Apolista or Aguachile,: 315  is an extinct Arawakan language of Bolivia. Aikhenvald (1999) classifies it together with Terena, Moxos, and related languages. It is not clear from surviving descriptions whether it was one language or two.

Macuna, also known as Buhagana, Wahana, is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil.

Inkawasi-Kañaris is a variety of Quechua spoken in the districts of Incahuasi and Cañaris, Ferreñafe in the Peruvian region of Lambayeque.
Inkawasi-Kañaris Quechua belongs to Quechua II, subgroup Cajamarca–Cañaris (Quechua II a, Yunkay) and is closest to Cajamarca Quechua, with which it has 94% lexical similarity.

Carib or Kariʼnja is a Cariban language spoken by the Kalina people (Caribs) of South America. It is spoken by around 7,400 mostly in Brazil, The Guianas, and Venezuela. The language is currently classified as highly endangered, as it is only spoken by elders.

idioma caribe, emparentada con el idioma pemón, hablado por los kariña

Toba Qom is a Guaicuruan language spoken in South America by the Toba people. The language is known by a variety of names including Toba, Qom or Kom, Chaco Sur, and Toba Sur. In Argentina, it is most widely dispersed in the eastern regions of the provinces of Formosa and Chaco, where the majority of the approximately 19,810 (2000 WCD) speakers reside. The language is distinct from Toba-Pilagá and Paraguayan Toba-Maskoy. There are also 146 Toba speakers in Bolivia where it is known as Qom and in Paraguay where it is also known as Qob or Toba-Qom.
In 2010, the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Qom as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Moqoit and Wichí.

Kwinti is an English-based creole of Suriname closely related to Ndyuka. The language has less than 300 speakers, and split from Plantation Creole which is nowadays known as Sranan Tongo in the middle 18th century. Code-switching with Sranan Tongo and Dutch was common among the younger generation in 1973, and about 70% of the tribe have moved to the urban areas. UNESCO considers the language endangered.
In the 1970s, Jan English-Lueck collected a vocabulary of 500 words. Unlike the Ndyuka languages, the letter r is spoken in a similar way to Sranan Tongo and Dutch, although speakers without r have been discovered later. About three quarters of the words were cognate to Sranan Tongo, very few (circa 3%) were cognate to Matawai, and about 17% were not found in the other creoles and mainly originated from Dutch. The differences can be explained by education, because according to a 2011 study the population of Witagron had a good command of both Dutch and Sranan Tongo.

Kepkiriwát is an extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Toromono (Toromona) is a Western Tacanan language. 200 Toromono were reported in 1983, but they have not been located since. It is poorly attested, but is recorded in wordlists. However, the wordlists appear to be identical to Ese Ejja.

Kaxararí is a Panoan language of Brazil. It is spoken around the northwest border of the State of Rondônia. The Kaxarari language is the most divergent of the Mainline Panoan branch.

Tuparí is an indigenous language of Brazil. It is one of six Tupari languages of the Tupian language family. The Tuparí language, and its people, is located predominantly within the state of Rondônia, though speakers are also present in the state of Acre on the Terra Indıgena Rio Branco. There are roughly 350 speakers of this language, with the total number of members of this ethnic group being around 600.: 1 

The Kamakã language (Kamakan), or Ezeshio, is an extinct language of a small family, belonging to the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil. Kotoxó and Mongoyó/Mangaló are sometimes included as dialects.

Andoque is a language spoken by a few hundred Andoque people in Colombia, and is in decline.  There were 10,000 speakers in 1908, down to 370 a century later, of which at most 50 are monolingual.  The remaining speakers live in four residential areas in the region of the Anduche River, downstream from Araracuara, Solano, Caquetá, Colombia; the language is no longer spoken in Peru. Most speakers shifted to Spanish.

Djeoromitxi or Jabutí (Yabuti) is an endangered Yabutian language that is spoken by only about fifty people (though including some children) in Rondônia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco.

Paravilyana (Paravilhana) is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Kaufman (2007) placed it in his Pawishiana branch.

Macushi is an indigenous language of the Carib family spoken in Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. It is also referred to as Makushi, Makusi, Macuxi, Macusi, Macussi, Teweya or Teueia. It is the most populous of the Cariban languages. According to Instituto Socioambiental, the Macushi population is at an estimated 43,192, with 33,603 in Brazil, 9,500 in Guyana and 89 in Venezuela. In Brazil, the Macushi populations are located around northeastern Roraima, Rio Branco, Contingo, Quino, Pium and Mau rivers. Macuxi speakers in Brazil, however, are only estimated at 15,000. 
Crevels (2012:182) lists Macushi as “potentially endangered”, while it is listed on the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger as “vulnerable”. Its language status is at 6b (Threatened). The Macushi communities live in areas of language contact: Portuguese in Brazil, English in Guyana and Wapixana (another indigenous language). Abbott (1991) describes Macushi as having OVS word order, with SOV word order being used to highlight the subject.

idioma perteneciente a la familia de idiomas caribes, hablada en Brasil

Cahuarano is an extinct indigenous American language of the Zaparoan family, once spoken along the Nanay River in Peru. The last speaker died in the late 1980s or early 1990s. While considered a language by most scholars, it was considered by some to be a dialect of Iquito.
Its speakers, who were of the Moracano tribe, lived north of the Nanay River northwest of Iquitos. In 1930, Günther Tessmann estimated the language's number of speakers to be around 1,000, while linguist Gustavo Solís gave the number 5 in 1987.

Pirahã (also spelled Pirahá, Pirahán), or Múra-Pirahã, is the indigenous language of the Pirahã people of Amazonas, Brazil. The Pirahã live along the Maici River, a tributary of the Amazon River.
Pirahã is the only surviving dialect of the Mura language; all others having died out in the last few centuries as most groups of the Mura people have shifted to Portuguese. Due to this, Pirahã can be considered its own language now, as no other Mura dialects have survived. Suspected relatives, such as Matanawi, are also extinct. Pirahã is estimated to have between 250 and 380 speakers. It is not in immediate danger of extinction, as its use is vigorous and the Pirahã community is mostly monolingual.
The Pirahã language is the subject of various controversial claims; for example, that it provides evidence against linguistic relativity. The controversy is compounded by the difficulty of learning the language; the number of linguists with field experience in Pirahã is very small.

Jebero (Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila) is a moribund Amazonian language spoken by the Jebero people of Jeberos, Peru. It is spoken by only a small number of older adults and belongs to the Cahuapanan family together with Chayahuita.

Urumi is an extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Pacahuara (Pacawara) is a nearly extinct Panoan language. The Pacahuara have been located to northwest of Magdalena, Beni, Bolivia and to Nueva Esperanza municipality, of Federico Román Province in Pando. Pacahuara is recognized as an official language of Bolivia by the 2009 Bolivian Constitution.
A recent report shows how their culture is on the brink of disappearing.

Mondé, or Salamãi, is a possibly extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil.
Other names include Sanamaikã, Sanamaicá, Salamãi.

Sapé, also called Kaliana or Caliana, is an extinct language recently spoken along the Paragua River and Karuna River. There were only about a few dozen speakers in the mid-1900s, and by the 2000s, only a few elderly speakers were found. Sapé may be a language isolate.

Lamas or San Martín Quechua (Lamista, Llakwash Runashimi) is a variety of Quechua spoken in the provinces of Lamas in the Peruvian region of San Martin and in some villages on the river Huallaga in the region of Ucayali. Its speakers are known as Lamistas or Kichwa-Lamista.
Lamas Quechua belongs to Quechua II, subgroup II-B (Lowland Peruvian Quechua).

Xeta is an extinct or nearly extinct Tupí–Guaraní language formerly spoken in the Paraná state of Brazil.

Waurá (Wauja) is an Arawakan language spoken in the Xingu Indigenous Park of Brazil by the Waujá people. It is "partially intelligible" with Mehináku. The entire population speaks the language.

Tallán, or Atalán, is an extinct and poorly attested language of the Piura Region of Peru.  It is too poorly known to be definitively classified. It may have a possible connection to neighboring Sechura, termed the Sek languages.
In Glottolog and in Jolkesky (2016), the two attested Catacaoan languages, Catacao and Colán, are listed as dialects of Tallán.

Ỹaroamë, or Jawari (Jauari), is a language spoken by the Yanomami people in southern Roraima state, Brazil. It was only recently recognized as a distinct language.
Its name Jawari (Yawari, Joari, Yoari, etc.) is shared with the Ninam language.

Itoto Majun (Cumanogota, Cumaná, Kumaná), also Chaima (Chayma), Cumanagoto, Waikeri, Palank, Pariagoto or Tamanaku is an endangered Cariban language of eastern coastal Venezuela. It is the language of the Cumanagoto people and other nations. Extinct dialects include Palenque (presumably Palank), Piritu (Piritugoto), and Avaricoto (Guildea 1998).

Orejón (Oregon), also Coto or Maijiki, is a moribund Tucanoan language of Peru.

Matsés, also referred to as Mayoruna in Brazil, is an Indigenous language utilized by the Matsés, inhabitants of the border regions of Brazil and Peru. Matsés communities are located along the Javari River basin of the Amazon, which forms a boundary between Brazil and Peru; hence the term river people. This term, which was previously used by Jesuits to refer to inhabitants of that area, is not formally a word in the Matsés language. The language is vigorous and is spoken by all age groups in the Matsés communities. In the Matsés communities several other Indigenous languages are also spoken by women who have been captured from neighboring tribes and some mixture of the languages occur. Dialects are Peruvian Matsés, Brazilian Matsés, and the extinct Paud Usunkid. 

Demushbo (Dëmushbo), or ambiguously Remo, is a recently extinct Panoan language of the Brazilian Amazon basin, near the Peruvian border.

Warao (also known as Guarauno, Guarao, Warrau) is the native language of the Warao people. A language isolate, it is spoken by about 33,000 people primarily in northern Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname. It is notable for its unusual object–subject–verb word order. The 2015 Venezuelan film Gone with the River was spoken in Warao.

Parawana is an extinct Arawakan language of Brazil that was spoken on the Wanawaua River (now known as the Anauá River), a tributary of the lower Rio Branco. A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.: 18 
Parawana and Aroaqui are closely related, and may be the same language.

Skepi is an extinct Dutch-based creole language of Guyana, spoken in the region of Essequibo. It was not mutually intelligible with Berbice Creole Dutch, also spoken in Guyana. This language has been classified as extinct since 1998.

Pankararú (Pancaré, Pankaré, Pancaru, Pankaruru, Pankarará, Pankaravu, Pankaroru, Pankarú, Brancararu) is an extinct language, probably a language isolate, of eastern Brazil. There are 6,000 ethnic Pankararú, but they all speak Portuguese. In 1961, only two elders could remember anything of the language. Today, they live in Brejo dos Padres and other villages of Tacaratu, Pernambuco State. The language was originally spoken between the Moxotó River and the Pajeú River.
In the 19th century the people split into two ethnic groups, the Pankararú and the Pankararé. One quarter of the Pankararé retain their traditional religion.  Their language, however, is unattested, and can only be assumed to be a dialect of Pankararu.

Secoya (also Sieko Coca, Paicoca, Airo Pãi) is a Western Tucanoan language spoken by the Secoya people of Ecuador and Peru.
Included among the Secoya are a number of people called Angoteros. Although their language comprises only some dialectal differences of Secoya, there are no other communicative obstacles present. The Siona of the Eno River, linguistically different from the Siona of the Putumayo, say there are significant dialectal differences between their language and Secoya, but are still considered a part of them. In ethnographic publications, the Secoya go by other alternate names as well: Encabellado, Pioje (meaning "no" in Secoya), Santa Maria, and Angutera.

Waraikú (Araikú) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. The only record of this language is in a wordlist published in 1867 by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. Both Kaufman (1994) and Aikhenvald (1999) leave it unclassified within Northern Arawakan.

Pacaraos Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken until the middle of the 20th century in the community of Pacaraos (Pacaraos District) in the Peruvian Lima Region in the Chancay valley up to 3000 m above sea level.

Krẽje or Kreye is an Jê language that is spoken in Maranhão and Pará, Brazil.
This language is originated from Maranhão, yet probably extinct with a handful of speakers.
(In 2012, there were 15 speakers) It was said to be "moribund" by 2020, if not already extinct.

Karipúna French Creole, also known as Amapá French Creole and Lanc-Patuá, is a French-based creole language spoken by the Karipúna community, which lives in the Uaçá Indian Reservation in the Brazilian state of Amapá, on the Curipi and Oyapock rivers. It is mostly French-lexified except for flora and fauna terms, with a complex mix of substratum languages—most notably the Arawakan Karipúna language.
Anonby notes that Portuguese tends to be the mother tongue for speakers under 60 in the Karipúna community, and Karipúna French Creole is the mother tongue primarily only for speakers over 60.

The Kamayurá language (Kamaiurá in Portuguese) belongs to the Tupi–Guarani family, and is spoken by the Kamayurá people of Brazil – who numbered about 600 individuals in 2014. There is speculation that as the indigenous peoples who spoke the Tupi languages mingled with other indigenous peoples, their languages gradually changed accordingly. This speculation is consistent with research done by linguists who study languages in different regions in order to find similarities and differences between languages. The Kamayurá people live in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil, specifically in the Upper Xingu area.
The Kamayurá people do not have their own specific schools and rely on teaching each other the language, however, there have been a couple of youths, since the year 2000, that have participated in the Teacher Training Course. The Teacher Training Course strives to keep an indigenous language alive as well as educates individuals in the current national language of Brazil, in this case Portuguese.
Currently, there are many transcribed works of the Kamayurá language as well as many grammatical concepts. Lucy Seki, is credited with the completion of a book detailing the grammar of the Kamayurá language In her book “Gramatica do Kamaiura” (“Grammar of the Kamaiura”) Lucy goes into detail on morphological structures and various phonological features of the Kamayurá language, however, Lucy's work does not stop there, she is also responsible for having documented many works that were otherwise undocumented, this allows for the preservation of the Kamayurá as a language and as a culture. Through her work with the Kamayurá she has also earned the status of an honorary member in the Linguistic Society of America. In an interview done by “Nova Raiz” in September 2011 it appears that Lucy Seki has retired, but continues to speak positively of her work with the Kamayurá.

Tehuelche (Aoniken, Inaquen, Gunua-Kena, Gununa-Kena) is one of the Chonan languages of Patagonia. Its speakers, the Tehuelche people, were nomadic hunters who occupied territory in present-day Chile, north of Tierra del Fuego and south of the Mapuche people. It is also known as Aonekkenk or Aonekko ʼaʼien ([aonekʼo ʔaʔjen]).
The decline of the language started with the Mapuche invasion in the north, that was then followed by the occupation of Patagonia by the Argentine and Chilean states and state-facilitated genocide. Tehuelche were considerably influenced by other languages and cultures, in particular Mapudungun (the language of the Mapuche). This allowed the transference of morpho-syntactical elements into Tehuelche. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Spanish became the dominant language as Argentina and Chile gained independence, and Spanish-speaking settlers took possession of Patagonia. Because of these factors the language was dying out. In 1983/84 there were 29 speakers but by the year 2000 there were only 4 speakers left of Tehuelche, by 2012 only 2, and by 2019 the last speaker died. As of 2000, the Tehuelche ethnic group numbered 200. Today many members of the Tehuelche ethnic group have limited knowledge of the language and are doing their best to ensure language revival, as Tehuelche is still a very important symbol for the group of people who identify themselves as Tehuelche.
In spite of the death of Dora Manchado in 2019, the language has been documented (from her), recuperated and revitalized by various groups of Aonekkenks, with the collaboration of a group of linguists and anthropologists, that have made various studies and academic works about this language.

Wanyam or Wanham (Wañam, Huanyam) is a Chapacuran language of Rondônia, between the rivers São Miguel and Cautário. Abitana was a dialect. It was spoken by a few families in the 1970s, but is now extinct.

Apalaí is a Cariban language spoken in Brazil. Approximately 450 people speak Apalaí. It is an agglutinative language which uses a rare object–verb–subject word order.

Guayabero is a Guahiban language that is spoken by a thousand people in Colombia.  Many of its speakers are monoglots, with few fluent Spanish speakers in the population.

Iñapari is a critically endangered indigenous South American language spoken by just four people in Peru along the Las Piedras river near the mouth of the Sabaluyoq river. The language is already extinct in neighboring Bolivia. All five remaining speakers are bilingual in Spanish and none of their children and grandchildren speak the language, which will likely lead to its extinction once the speakers die. The Iñapari language currently has a published dictionary.
The Pacaguara (Pacahuara) dialect described by Mercier was at least ethnically distinct.  (But see Pacaguara language.)

Kanoê or Kapishana is a nearly extinct language isolate of Rondônia, Brazil. The Kapishana people now speak Portuguese or other indigenous languages from intermarriage.
The language names are also spelled Kapixana, Kapixanã, and Canoé, the last shared with Awa-Canoeiro.
The Kanoê people, although disperse in the southeastern part of the state of Rondônia, live mainly along the Guaporé River. The language is nearly extinct, with only 5 speakers in a population of about 319 Kanoê people.

Yeꞌkuana (Yeꞌkuana: [jeʔkwana]), also known as Maquiritari, Dekwana, Yeꞌkwana, Yeꞌcuana, Yekuana, Cunuana, Kunuhana, Deꞌcuana, Deꞌkwana Carib, Pawana, Maquiritai, Maquiritare, Maiongong, or Soto is the language of the Yeꞌkuana people of Venezuela and Brazil. It is a Cariban language. It is spoken by approximately 5,900 people (c. 2001) around the border of northwestern Brazilian state of Roraima and Venezuela – the majority (about 5,500) in Venezuela. At the time of the 2001 Venezuelan census, there were at 6,523 Yeꞌkuana living in Venezuela. Given the unequal distribution of the Yeꞌkuana across two South American countries, Ethnologue lists two different vitality ratings for Yeꞌkuana: in Venezuela it is listed as Vigorous (6a), while in Brazil it is classified Moribund (8a) on the Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS).

Wiriná (Uirina) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. It is known only from the wordlists of Johann Natterer and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, recorded in the 19th century. Both Kaufman (1994) and Aikhenvald (1999) leave it unclassified within Northern Arawakan.

Mochica is an extinct language formerly spoken along the northwest coast of Peru and in an inland village. First documented in 1607, the language was widely spoken in the area during the 17th century and the early 18th century. By the late 19th century, the language was dying out and spoken only by a few people in the village of Etén, in Chiclayo. It died out as a spoken language around 1920, but certain words and phrases continued to be used until the 1960s.

lenguas extinta que se hablaba en la costa y parte de la sierra norte del Perú

Yahgan or Yagán (also spelled Yaghan, Jagan, Iakan, and also known as Yámana, Háusi Kúta, or Yágankuta) is an extinct language that is one of the indigenous languages of Tierra del Fuego, spoken by the Yahgan people. It is regarded as a language isolate, although some linguists have attempted to relate it to Kawésqar and Chono.
Yahgan was also spoken briefly on Keppel Island in the Falkland Islands at a missionary settlement. In 2017, Chile's National Corporation of Indigenous Development convened a workshop to plan an educational curriculum in the Yahgan language, and in June 2019 it planned to inaugurate a language nest in the community of Bahía Mejillones, near Puerto Williams. The government also funded the publication of a "concise and illustrated dictionary" of the Yahgan language.
Following the death of Cristina Calderón (1928–2022) of Villa Ukika on Navarino Island, Chile, no native speakers of Yahgan remain.

Murui Huitoto (or simply Murui also known as Bue, Witoto Murui or Witoto) is an indigenous American Huitoto language of the Witotoan family. Murui is spoken by about 1,100 Murui people along the banks of the Putumayo, Cara-Paraná and Igara-Paraná rivers in Colombia. In Peru it is spoken in the North alongside the Ampiyacu and Napo rivers by some 1,000 people. Some Murui speakers live also outside their territories, for instance the vicinity of Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia.
Approximately 1,000 Peruvians use Murui in both its written and oral forms. The language is accorded official status and is used in schools. It is also used in churches. There are no Murui-an monolinguals in Peru: speakers of the language who do not also use another language. The language has 1,900 speakers in southwestern Colombia where it has higher social utility and standing. It was formerly spoken in Brazil, but is now extinct in that country.
Murui uses the Roman Script. There is a dictionary of the Murui language (Murui-Spanish and Spanish-Murui) compiled by an SIL linguist, Shirley Burtch (1983), and number of works concerning its grammar (Petersen de Piñeros 1994, Petersen de Piñeros & Patiño: 2000, Wojtylak 2012).
Dr. Katarzyna Wojtylak published a full referential grammar of Murui (2017, PhD thesis written at James Cook University) published by Brill Publishers (2020).

Desano is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil. There are several alternative names, including Boleka, Desâna, and Kusibi. It is spoken primarily in northwest Brazil and southern Colombia.

Paraguayan Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas paraguaya, LSPY), is the deaf sign language of Paraguay. It is not intelligible with neighboring languages, nor with American Sign Language, but speakers report that it has historical connections with Uruguayan Sign Language. It developed outside the schools, and was only used in education in 2009.
Paraguay is notably a bilingual country, where both Spanish and Guarani are spoken. The Language Law No. 4251 provides for fingerspelling adequate to both languages.

Tamanaku (Tamanaku: Tamañkú) is an extinct Cariban language of Venezuela.
The earliest word list of Tamanaku was published by Gilij in 1780, from his 20-year stay among the Tamanku beginning around 1750.

Matis is a language spoken by the indigenous Matis people in the state of Amazonas in Brazil, on the border of Brazil and Peru. As of 2014 the population of Matis peoples had reached as high as 457. There are currently an estimated 350 Matis speakers. Matis language has a high level of transmission, especially among women and children, who are generally monolingual in Matis only. Portuguese is spoken by older male members of the Matis for trade purposes.

The Suruí do Pará dialect of the Tupian Akwáwa language of Brazil is spoken in the Araguaia region in the state Pará and in the town of São João do Araguaia. It is written in the Latin script, but literacy in Suruí do Pará is extremely low.
Suruí do Pará is regarded as a dialect of Akwáwa by linguists such as Aryon Dall'Igna Rodrigues. The other two dialects of Akwáwa are Parakanã and Asuriní of Tocantins.

Waiwai  (Uaiuai, Uaieue, Ouayeone) is a Cariban language of northern Brazil, with a couple hundred speakers across the border in southern Guyana and Suriname.
Katawiana, or Parukuto, is a dialect; Karahawyana is unattested but may be the same.

Ramarama, also known as Karo, is a Tupian language of Brazil.
Unusually for the indigenous languages of South America in general and Tupian in particular, Ramarama is a fairly analytic language, with limited affixation and a strict SOV word order. However, the language also displays complex processes of morphophonological alternation, segmental allophony, and interaction between segmental and suprasegmental phonology.

Mawayana (Mahuayana), also known as Mapidian (Maopidyán), is a moribund Arawakan language of northern South America. It used to be spoken by Mawayana people living in ethnic Wai-wai and Tiriyó villages in Brazil, Guyana and Suriname. As of 2015, the last two speakers of the language are living in Kwamalasamutu.

Korebaju, Korebajʉ, Coreguaje (Korewaje, Ko'reuaju) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia.
The language was spoken in the film Out of the Dark.

Nanti is an Arawakan language spoken by approximately 250 people in southeastern Peruvian Amazonia, principally in a number of small communities located near the headwaters of the Camisea and Timpía Rivers. It belongs to the Kampan branch of the Arawak family, and is most closely related to Matsigenka, with which it is partially mutually intelligible.
The language is also sometimes called Kogapakori (variants: Cogapacori, Kugapakori), a pejorative term of Matsigenka origin meaning 'violent person'.

Yavitero or Paraene is an extinct Maipurean language of Venezuela.

Nüpode Huitoto or Nɨpode is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America. It has occasionally been referred to as Muinane Witoto, not to be confused with the Muinane language.

Angaité is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco. Many children speak only Guarani, but may understand Angaité.

Baure or Bauré is an endangered Arawakan language spoken by only 40 of the thousand Baure people of the Beni Department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Some Bible portions have been translated into Bauré. Most speakers have been shifting to Spanish. 
In 2010, the language had around 20 native speakers left, based on the evidence available. Since Supreme Decree N.25894 in 2000, it has been considered one of the official indigenous languages of Bolivia, which was included in the Political Constitution passed on 7 February 2009.

lengua arahuaca del sur, hablada en la región noreste de Bolivia

Reyesano, or Chirigua (Chiriba), is a nearly extinct Tacanan language that was spoken by only a few speakers, including children, in 1961 in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Maropa people who number 4,505 in 2012.
There still are adult speakers in the largely indigenous community of El Cozar in Reyes. However, it is doubtful that this language will survive much into the 21st century. Such is the margination of the indigenous people in the Beni that very little Reyesano words have entered the popular criollo Spanish, very unlike the situation in Quechua and Aymara influenced areas. There are many indigenous terms in "camba" (Spanish of the Beni) but they are mostly of Guaraní origin carried to the Beni by the original settlers from Santa Cruz.
Evidently the name Reyesano comes from the name of the town of Reyes, of the José Ballivián Province in the Department of the Beni in the plains adjacent to the Bolivian Amazon. The language is also known as Sapiboca (Sapibocona), Maropa, Chumana, and perhaps Warisa (Guariza); these may have corresponded to different dialects.

Caribbean Hindustani (Devanagari: कैरेबियाई हिंदुस्तानी; Kaithi: 𑂍𑂶𑂩𑂵𑂥𑂱𑂨𑂰𑂆⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂰𑂢𑂲; Perso-Arabic: کَیریبیائی ہندوستانی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Caribbean people and the Indo-Caribbean diaspora. It is a koiné language mainly based on the Bhojpuri and Awadhi dialects. These Hindustani dialects were the most spoken dialects by the Indians who came as immigrants to the Caribbean from India as indentured laborers. It is closely related to Fiji Hindi and the Bhojpuri-Hindustani spoken in Mauritius and South Africa. 
Because a majority of people came from the Bhojpur region in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand, and the Awadh region in Uttar Pradesh, Caribbean Hindustani is most influenced by Bhojpuri, Awadhi and other Eastern Hindi-Bihari dialects. Hindustani (Standard Hindi-Standard Urdu) has also influenced the language due to the arrival of Bollywood films, music, and other media from India. It also has a minor influence from Tamil and other South Asian languages. The language has also borrowed many words from Dutch and English in Suriname and Guyana, and English and French in Trinidad and Tobago. Many words unique to Caribbean Hindustani have been created to cater for the new environment that Indo-Caribbean people now live in. After the introduction of Standard Hindustani to the Caribbean, Caribbean Hindustani was seen by many Indo-Caribbean people as a broken version of Hindi, however due to later academic research it was seen as deriving from Bhojpuri, Awadhi, and other dialects and was in fact not a broken language, but its own unique language mainly deriving from the Bhojpuri and Awadhi dialects, and not the Khariboli dialect like Standard Hindi and Urdu did, thus the difference.
Caribbean Hindustani is spoken as a vernacular by Indo-Caribbean people, independent of their religious background. Although, Hindus tend to incorporate more Sanskrit derived vocabulary and Muslim tend to incorporate more Persian, Arabic, and Turkic derived vocabulary, similar to the Standard Hindi-Urdu divide of the Hindustani language. When written, the Devanagari script is used by Hindus, while some Muslims tend to use the Perso-Arabic script in the Nastaliq calligraphic hand following the Urdu alphabet; historically, the Kaithi script was also used. However, due to the decline in the language these scripts are not widely used and most often the Latin script is used due to familiarity and easiness.
Chutney music, chutney soca, chutney parang, baithak gana, folk music, classical music, some Hindu religious songs, some Muslim religious songs, and even some Indian Christian religious songs are sung in Caribbean Hindustani, sometimes being mixed with English in the Anglophone Caribbean or Dutch in Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean.

Kĩsêdjê (Suyá, Kĩsêdjê: Khĩsêtjê kapẽrẽ [kʰĩˈsedʒe kaˈpẽɽẽ]) is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken in Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is closely related to Tapayúna; together, they form the Tapajós branch of Northern Jê.: 7 
Kĩsêdjê is closely related to Tapayúna;: 10–2  the common past on the Tapajós River, shared by the Kĩsêdjê and the Tapayúna, is still part of their oral history.: 9  Phonological differences between the languages include the reflexes of Proto-Northern Jê *m/*mb, *mr/*mbr, *c (in onsets), *ñ (in codas), and *b (in stressed syllables). In Kĩsêdjê, these consonants are reflected as m/mb, mr/mbr, s, n, and p, respectively, whereas Tapayúna has w ([w̃]), nr ([ɾ̃]), t ([t̪]), j ([j]), and w ([w]) in the same words.: 85 : 10–2 

Guajá, or Awá (also Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara), is a geographically isolated Tupi–Guarani language spoken in Brazil. The extinct 'Anambé' recorded by Ehrenreich may have been a distinct language.

Waiká, also Yanomám (or Yanomae, Yanomama, Yanomami), is one of several closely related languages spoken by the Yanomami people in Brazil. Most speakers are monolingual. For a grammatical description, see Yanomaman languages.
The names Waika (Guaica) and Yanomami are shared with the Yanomamö language.

Tucano, also Tukano or Tucana, endonym ye’pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé, is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia.
Many Tariana people, speakers of the endangered Tariana language are switching to Tucano.

Northern Emberá, also known as West Embera and Cholo, is the largest Embera language. It is spoken largely in Colombia, but is also the principal language of the Darién Gap in Panama.The Emberá language is divided into two branches: Northern and Southern. Two prominent Northern groups are Emberá Darien and Catío. The Catío language is spoken by 10,000 - 20,000 people, whose literacy rate is at 1%. The Darien Emberá language is spoken by 9,000-10,000 people.

Minica (Mɨnɨka) Huitoto is one of three indigenous American Huitoto languages of the Witotoan family spoken by a few thousand speakers in western South America.
It is spoken in the Upper Igara-Paraná river area, along the Caquetá River at the Isla de los Monos, and the Caguán River near San Vicente del Caguán. There is 75% literacy in Colombia and 85% are literate in Spanish; most are bilingual. There is a dictionary and grammar rules.
There are only five speakers in Peru, where it has official standing within its community.

Kaiwá is a Guarani language spoken by about 18,000 Kaiwá people in Brazil in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and 510 people in northeastern Argentina. Literacy is 5-10% in Kaiwá and 15–25% in Portuguese. Kaiwá proper is 70% lexically similar with the Pai Tavytera language, and its similarity to its linguistic cousin Guaraní, one of the two national-languages of Paraguay alongside the Spanish language, means it is even sometimes considered mutually intelligible.

Amazon Mayoruna is an extinct indigenous once spoken along the Amazon River, on the borders of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. There were two dialects, known only as the dialects of the "wild" Mayoruna and the "settled" Mayoruna.

Atanque, also known as Atanques or Kankuamo, is an extinct Chibchan language of Colombia, once spoken in the area of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.

The Wounaan language, also known as Noanamá and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with around 10,000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia.

Enxet, also known as Enxet Sur or Southern Lengua, is a language spoken by the Indigenous southern Enxet people of Presidente Hayes Department, Paraguay. It is one of twenty languages spoken by the wider Gran Chaco Amerindians of South America. Once considered a dialect of a broader language, known as Vowak or Powok, Enxet (Southern Lengua) and Enlhet (Northern Lengua) diverged as extensive differences between the two were realized.

Colombian Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de Señas Colombiana, LSC, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈleŋɡwa ðe ˈseɲas kolomˈbjana]) is the deaf sign language of Colombia.

Wirö (also called Itoto, Wotuja, Jojod, or various forms of Maku) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela. Until it was documented in 2015, it was attested only by a list of 38 words collected ca. 1900, though even that was enough to show it was closely related to Piaroa. Speakers of the two understand each other, though not reliably, and consider them to be distinct languages.
Loukotka (1968) reports it as being spoken on the Ventuari River and Cunucunuma River.
Maco is not a proper name but a label applied by Arawakan speakers for unintelligible languages. In the case of Wirö, the following forms are found in the literature: Maco, Mako, Maku, Makú, Sáliba-Maco, and Maco-Piaroa, the latter also for the combination of Wirö and Piaroa.

Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship. Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research. 
Below is a sampling of languages that have been claimed to exist in reputable sources but have subsequently been disproved or challenged. In some cases a purported language is tracked down and turns out to be another, known language. This is common when language varieties are named after places or ethnicities.
Some alleged languages turn out to be hoaxes, such as the Kukurá language of Brazil or the Taensa language of Louisiana. Others are honest errors that persist in the literature despite being corrected by the original authors; an example of this is Hongote, the name given in 1892 to two Colonial word lists, one of Tlingit and one of a Salishan language, that were mistakenly listed as Patagonian. The error was corrected three times that year, but nonetheless "Hongote" was still listed as a Patagonian language a century later in Greenberg (1987).: 133 
In the case of New Guinea, one of the most linguistically diverse areas on Earth, some spurious languages are simply the names of language surveys that the data was published under. Examples are Mapi, Kia, Upper Digul, Upper Kaeme, listed as Indo-Pacific languages in Ruhlen 1987; these are actually rivers that gave their names to language surveys in the Greater Awyu languages and Ok languages of New Guinea.

Karu, one of several languages called Baniwa (Baniva), or in older sources Itayaine (Iyaine), is an Arawakan language spoken in Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonas, Brazil. It forms a subgroup with the Tariana, Piapoco, Resígaro and Guarequena languages. There are 10,000 speakers.

Tiverikoto (Tivericoto) is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Terrence Kaufman placed it with Yao in his Yao group.

Itene (Moré) is a Chapacuran language of Bolivia. Itoreauhip is a dialect.

Sirionó (Mbia Cheë; also written as Mbya, Siriono) is a Tupian (Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup II) language spoken by about 400 Sirionó people (50 are monolingual) and 120 Yuqui in eastern Bolivia (eastern Beni and northwestern Santa Cruz departments) in the village of Ibiato (Eviato) and along the Río Blanco in farms and ranches.

Turiwára is an extinct Tupi–Guaraní language of the state of Pará, in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Warekena (Guarequena), or more precisely Warekena of Xié, is an Arawakan language of Brazil and of Maroa Municipality in Venezuela, spoken near the Guainia River. It is one of several languages which go by the generic name Baré and Baniwa/Baniva – in this case, distinguished as Baniva de Maroa or Baniva de Guainía.
There may be 10 speakers in Brazil and 200 in Venezuela, per Aikhenvald (1999).
Kaufman (1994) classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald (1999) in Eastern Nawiki.
Personal pronouns in Warekena are formed by adding an emphatic suffix -ya to the cross-referencing personal prefixes.

Huaylas Quechua is an Ancash Quechua dialect spoken in the Callejón de Huaylas and in the western slope of the Cordillera Negra.
The main peculiarities of this variety are phonetic. In Quechua Ancash-Huailas a phenomenon of monophthongation of syllables with semiconsonants in coda is present: "aw" is often pronounced as [oː] elongated, likewise "ay" as [eː]. For example, awmi is pronounced [oːmi], chawpi (center) [t͡ʃoːpi] and aywan (walks) as [eːwan]. In grammatical terms, Huaylas lacks the suffix -ski.

Abipón was a native American language of the Guaicuruan group of the Guaycurú-Charruan family that was at one time spoken in Argentina by the Abipón people.  Its last speaker is thought to have died in the 19th century. The language is also known as Abipone, Callaga and Apibon.

Takunyapé (Tacunhape) is an extinct Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. They once lived southeast of the Big Bend of the Xingu River. In 1659 they and their Yudja allies defeated the Portuguese and their Kuruaya allies. The last member of the tribe died in the early 1950s while living with the Yudja on the upper Xingu.

The Puruborá language of Brazil is one of the Tupian languages. It is also known as: Aurã, Cujubim, Burubora, Kuyubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho or Pumbora. Specifically it is spoken in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, in Costa Marques and around the headwaters of the Rio São Miguel tributary of the right bank of the Guaporé. It is nearly extinct, with only two native speakers (and two in the ethnic group) reported in 2002.

variante dialectal del idioma español hablado en la región de la Amazonía en América del Sur

Amazonic Spanish (español amazónico), also known as Charapa Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali Spanish or informally known in Peru simply as Jungle Spanish (español de la selva), is a variety of Spanish spoken in the Amazon, especially in the Peruvian provinces of Loreto, San Martín and Ucayali. Amazonic Spanish is also spoken in areas of Brazil adjoining Loreto and Ucayali and in the Amazonas Department of Colombia.

Kulino or Kulina Pano is an obsolescent Panoan language of Javari River valley, Brazil. The Kulina Pano people live in the village of Aldeia Pedro Lopes on the middle stretch of the Curuçá River in Amazonas. There are very few native speakers of Kulina Pano language remaining, and it is no longer in daily use. All Kulina Pano speak Portuguese.
Dialects are Kapishtana, Mawi, and Chema.

Avá-Canoeiro, known as Avá or Canoe, is a minor Tupi–Guaraní language of the state of Goiás, in Brazil. It can be further divided into two dialects: Tocantins Avá-Canoeiro and Araguaia Avá-Canoeiro. All speakers of the language are monolingual.

Mehináku (Meinaku) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Mehinaku people in the Xingu Indigenous Park of Brazil. One dialect, Waurá-kumá, is "somewhat intelligible" with Waurá due to influence from this language.

Arabela is a nearly extinct indigenous American language of the Zaparoan family spoken in two Peruvian villages in tropical forest along the Napo tributary of the Arabela river.
Also known as Chiripuno and Chiripunu, it is spoken by fewer than 50 people out of an ethnic population of about 400.
Since there are so few speakers of Arabela left, its speakers speak either Spanish or Quechua as a second language. The literacy rate for Arabela as a first language is about 10–30%, and about 50–75% for a second language. It uses a SOV word order.
Like all native languages in Peru, it has an official status in areas where it is spoken.

Aikanã (sometimes called Tubarão, Corumbiara/Kolumbiara, or Huari/Uari/Wari) is an endangered language isolate spoken by about 200 Aikanã people in Rondônia, Brazil. It is morphologically complex and has SOV word order. Aikanã uses the Latin script. The people live with speakers of Koaia (Kwaza).

Ocaina is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America.

Munduruku is a Tupi language spoken by 10,000 people in the Tapajós River basin in north central Brazil, of which most of the women and children are monolingual.
Gomes (2006) points out that Munduruku is one of the languages of the Tupian family and constitutes, together with Kuruaya, the Munduruku linguistic branch [...] The Portuguese language has made significant inroads among the Munduruku. Some loss of the Munduruku language is occurring among those who live in the area of the Madeira River and in the outskirts of the towns next to the Tapajós River; however, the situation is not as bad as it seems, as even here, the language of the majority of is Munduruku, and bilingualism only takes place after Munduruku has already been acquired (around 10 years of age), usually as a result of learning Portuguese at school.
Those who live in the villages of the Tapajós River valley speak only Munduruku, even in the presence of non-indigenous people. There are elementary schools located in almost all villages, and courses promoted by the Brazilian government have turned over education to the Mundurukú, who are starting to take control of their own formal education."

Culle, also spelled Culli, Cullí, or Kulyi, is a poorly attested extinct language of the Andean highlands of northern Peru. It is the original language of the highlands of La Libertad Region, the south of the Cajamarca Region (Cajabamba), and the north of the Ancash region (Pallasca and Bolognesi). It is known through various word lists collected while the language was still spoken and through vocabulary loaned into the Spanish spoken in the region.
Flores Reyna (1996) reports that Culli was spoken by at least one family in the town of Tauca, Pallasca Province, Ancash region, until the middle of the 20th century. While it appears that Culli has been displaced in its whole range by Spanish, the possibility of speakers remaining in some remote village cannot be ruled out altogether.
Culli was the language spoken in the territory of at least three Pre-Inca cultures or dominions: The kingdom of Konchuko (Conchucos), in the north of the Ancash region; the kingdom of Wamachuko (Huamachuco), in the highlands of La Libertad region; and Culli was spoken at least in the southern part of the kingdom of Kuismanko (Cuismanco), in the south of the Cajamarca region.

Tsafiki, also known as Tsachila or Colorado, is a Barbacoan language spoken in Ecuador by c. 2000 ethnic Tsáchila people.

Urarina is a language isolate spoken in Peru, specifically in the Loreto Region of Northwest Peru, by the Urarina people. There are around 3,000 speakers in Urarinas District (along the Chambira River). It uses the Latin script. It is also known as Itucali, Simacu or Shimacu.
It has a canonical word order of object–verb–subject.

Wayoró (also Wayoro, Ajurú, Wajuru; Wayoró: wayoro emẽto [βajoˈɾo ɛmɛ̃ˈto]) is a moribund Tuparian language (Tupian family), which is spoken in the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil. As of 2019, there were reported to be 3 speakers (all above 70 years old) and 11 semispeakers out of the ethnic population of approximately 250.: 3 

Aruáshi, or Aruá, is a nearly extinct Tupian language of the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, in the Amazon region of Brazil. There were 131 Aruá in 2012 and about 20 people who speak Aruá as a maternal language.

Guyanese Creole (Creolese by its speakers or simply Guyanese) is an English-based creole language spoken by the Guyanese people. Linguistically, it is similar to other English dialects of the Caribbean region, based on 19th-century English and has loan words from West African, Indian-South Asian, Arawakan, and older Dutch languages.

Mekéns (Mekem), or Amniapé, is a nearly extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil.
There are three groups of Mekens speakers:

Sakïrabiát (Sakirabiá, Sakiráp)
Koaratira (Guaratira, a.k.a. Kanoé – not the same as the Kanoé language)
Koarategayat (Guaratégaya, Guarategaja, Warategáya)

Classical Quechua or lengua general del inga is either of two historical forms of Quechua, the exact relationship and degree of closeness between which is controversial, and which have sometimes been identified with each other. These are:

the variety of Quechua that was used as a lingua franca and administrative language in the Inca Empire (1438–1533) (henceforward Inca Lingua Franca or even Imperial Quechua). Since the Incas did not have writing (though some Quipus might have been narrative, following a logosyllabic pattern, according to some experts like Gary Urton and Sabine Hyland), the evidence about the characteristics of this variety is scant and they have been a subject of significant disagreements.
the variety of Quechua that was used in writing for religious and administrative purposes in the Andean territories of the Spanish Empire, mostly in the late 16th century and the first half of the 17th century and has sometimes been referred to, both historically and in academia, as lengua general 'common language' (henceforward Standard Colonial Quechua). It is Standard Colonial Quechua in this second sense that is abundantly attested in writing, notably in the famous Huarochirí Manuscript, and that this article primarily describes.
There are also some less common and typical uses of the term "classical" in reference to other Quechua varieties, whose relationship to the abovementioned ones is also controversial, namely:

In reference to all use of Quechua as a literary medium until a cut-off point in the 18th century, which saw a ban on literature in Quechua after the Túpac Amaru rebellion of 1780–1782, although the language of most of the "Classical Quechua literature" written after the mid-17th century is more commonly seen as early Cuzco Quechua;
As "Classic Inca", in reference to the reconstructed ancestor of all Southern Quechua varieties ("Common southern Peruvian Quechua").

Jorá (Hora) is an extinct Tupi–Guaraní language of Bolivia. Based on the limited lexicon, it has been classified with Sirionó and Yuqui.

Mapuche ( mə-POO-che, Mapuche and Spanish: [maˈputʃe]; from mapu 'land' and che 'people', meaning 'the people of the land') or Mapudungun (from mapu 'land' and dungun 'speak, speech', meaning 'the speech of the land'; also spelled Mapuzugun and Mapudungu) is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people. It was formerly known as Araucanian, the name given to the Mapuche by the Spanish; the Mapuche avoid it as a remnant of Spanish colonialism.
Mapudungun is not an official language of Chile and Argentina, having received virtually no government support throughout its history. However, since 2013, Mapuche, along with Spanish, has been granted the status of an official language by the local government of Galvarino, one of the many communes of Chile. It is not used as a language of instruction in either country's educational system despite the Chilean government's commitment to provide full access to education in Mapuche areas in southern Chile. There is an ongoing political debate over which alphabet to use as the standard alphabet of written Mapudungun.
In 1982, it was estimated that there were 202,000 Mapuche speakers in Chile, including those that speak the Pehuenche and Huilliche dialects, and another 100,000 speakers in Argentina as of the year 2000. However, a 2002 study suggests that only 16% of those who identify as Mapuche speak the language (active speakers) and 18% can only understand it (passive speakers). These figures suggest that the total number of active speakers is about 120,000 and that there are slightly more passive speakers of Mapuche in Chile. As of 2013 only 2.4% of urban speakers and 16% of rural speakers use Mapudungun when speaking with children, and only 3.8% of speakers aged 10–19 years in the south of Chile (the language's stronghold) are "highly competent" in the language.
Speakers of Chilean Spanish who also speak Mapudungun tend to use more impersonal pronouns when speaking Spanish. In Cautín Province and Llifén contact with Mapuche language may be the reason why there is a lack of yeísmo among some Spanish speakers. The language has also influenced the Spanish lexicon within the areas in which it is spoken and has also incorporated loanwords from both Spanish and Quechua.

lengua aislada hablada en Chile y Argentina por el pueblo mapuche

Amonap, also known as Apalakiri, is a Cariban language spoken by the Kuikuro and Kalapalo peoples of Brazil, and by the Matipu. It is spoken in seven villages along the Culuene River in the Xingu Indigenous Park of Mato Grosso. The Matipuhy dialect is moribund, with only 10 speakers remaining.
Although bilingualism in Brazilian Portuguese is prevalent among the men of the community, Amonap is not as immediately endangered as are many Brazilian languages. As of 2006, there are an estimated 1,100 native speakers of the language, including 600 Kuikúro and 500 Kalapálo, who speak the same language but are ethnically distinct. The Endangered Languages Project lists the language as "threatened".
In collaboration with linguist Bruna Franchetto, the Kuikuro have created a library of recordings that feature Kuikuro stories in the language that is archived at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. The remainder of this article will discuss the language as spoken by the Kuikuro.

Atswawaka, also called Atsahuaca, or Atsawaka-Yamiaka, is an extinct Panoan language of Peru. Atsahuaca is the name that the tribe calls themselves, meaning "children of the manioc" in their own language. Alternate spellings of the name of the Atswakaka language include: Atsawaka, Atsawaca, Astahuaca, Yamiaca, Yamiaka, Atsawaka-Yamiaka, and Atsahuaca-Yamiaca.
There were 20 speakers in 1904.

Xipaya (or Shipaja or Xipaia) is an endangered language spoken in the Pará region of Brazil. It is one of the approximately 70 Tupian languages of South America. At last count, Xipaya was only spoken by two elderly women in Altamira, Pará.

The Chaná language (autolinguonym: Lanték, meaning "speak" or "language"; from lan, "tongue" and tek, a communicative suffix) is one of the Charruan languages spoken by the Chaná people in what is now Argentina and Uruguay along the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers on the margins of the Río de la Plata. It was spoken by the Chaná from pre-Columbian times in the vast region that today is between Entre Ríos Province, Argentina and Uruguay, and the Uruguay and Paraná Guazú Rivers. According to recent oral memory narratives, in ancient times, they inhabited territories around the current Brazilian margin of the Uruguay River. They later migrated from this location along the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers from the outfall of the Iguazú River and from the Paraguay River  to the current location of Asunción.
UNESCO recognizes it as a living language but also as "extremely endangered" because it has only one native speaker. The Chamber of Deputies of the Entre Ríos Province recently recognized the necessity for the government to recognize and protect the language.

Allentiac (Alyentiyak), also known as Huarpe (Warpe), was one of the Warpean languages. It was native to Cuyo in Argentina, but was displaced to Chile in the late 16th century. Luis de Valdivia, a Jesuit missionary, wrote a grammar, vocabulary and religious texts. The people became mestizo and lost their language soon after.

Mẽbêngôkre (endonym: Mẽbêngôkre kabẽn [mẽbeŋoˈkɾɛ kaˈbɛ̃n]), sometimes referred to as Kayapó, is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Kayapó and the Xikrin people in the north of Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil. There are around 8,600 native speakers since 2010 based on the 2015 Ethnologue 18th edition. Due to the number of speakers and the influence of Portuguese speakers, the language stands at a sixth level of endangerment; in which the materials for literacy and education in Mẽbêngôkre are very limited.

Timote, also known as Cuica or Timote–Cuica, is the language of the Timote–Cuica state in the Venezuelan Andes, around the present city of Mérida and south of Lake Maracaibo.
The language is reported to have gone extinct in the early to mid 20th century. However, in 1977 it was reported that the indigenous village of Mutús, in the heart of the old Timote state, still spoke an indigenous language, which would presumably be Timote. The name is apparently Timote, as 'Timote' itself derives from ti-motɨ 'Mutú speakers', and mutú or mukú is a common toponym in the region. This lead had not been followed up as of Adelaar (2004).

Mure is an extinct language of Bolivia. It was long considered a Chapacuran language, but the similarities are few, and are likely loans, as the Mure were missioned together with speakers of Chapacuran languages. Apart from those few words, the languages are "utterly different" according to Glottolog, a view that is shared by Birchall (2013).
The Mure lived in the Jesuit Missions of Moxos. They mostly resided in San Simón Mission, with some also living in San Francisco de Borja Mission together with the Movima. Neighbors of the Mure included the Rokorona.

Sapará (Zapara) is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Kaufman (2007) placed it in his Paravilyana branch. It was still spoken in 1968. (Loukotka 1968)

Tama is an extinct indigenous Tucanoan language of Colombia. It was spoken in the regions of Vicente, Orteguaza River and Caquetá Region.

Kashinawa (also spelled Kaxinawá, Kashinawa, Kaxynawa, Caxinawa, Caxinawá, and Cashinahua), or Hantxa Kuin (Hãtxa Kuĩ), is an indigenous American language of western South America which belongs to the Panoan language family. It is spoken by about 1,600 Kaxinawá in Peru, along the Curanja and the Purus Rivers, and in Brazil by 400 Kaxinawá in the state of Acre.
About five to ten percent of speakers have some Spanish language proficiency, while forty percent are literate and twenty to thirty percent are literate in Spanish as a second language.
Dialects are Brazilian Kashinawa, Peruvian Kashinawa, and the extinct Juruá Kapanawa (Capanahua of the Juruá River) and Paranawa.

Cueretú (Curetu) is an extinct language of the Amazon basin. It is a Tucanoan language, but more recently has been left unclassified due to sparsity of data.

South Bolivian Quechua, also known as Central Bolivian Quechua, is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Bolivia and adjacent areas of Argentina, where it is also known as Colla. It is not to be confused with North Bolivian Quechua, which is spoken on the northern Andean slopes of Bolivia and is phonologically distinct from the South Bolivian variety. Estimates of the number of speakers of South Bolivian Quechua range from 2.3 to 2.8 million, making it the most spoken indigenous language in Bolivia, just slightly greater than Aymara, with roughly 2 million speakers in Bolivia. In comparison, the North Bolivian dialect has roughly 116,000 speakers.

Tariana (also Tariano) is an endangered Maipurean (also known as Arawak) language spoken along the Vaupés River in Amazonas, Brazil by approximately 100 people. Another approximately 1,500 people in the upper and middle Vaupés River area identify themselves as ethnic Tariana but do not speak the language fluently.
The Indigenous people of the Vaupés region, including the Tariana and East Tucano peoples, are linguistically exogamous; they consider fellow speakers of their languages blood relatives. In this region, languages—like tribal identity—are passed down through patrilineal descent, and as such are kept strictly separate from one another, with minimal lexical borrowing occurring among them. The Indigenous people of this region traditionally spoke between three and ten other languages, including their mother's and father's tongues—which were usually different due to the widespread cultural practice of linguistic exogamy—and Spanish and/or Portuguese.
Speakers of Tariana have been switching to the unrelated Tucano language (of the Tucanoan family), which became a lingua franca in the Vaupés region in the late 19th century. Arriving in the region in the 1920s, Salesian missionaries promoted the exclusive use of Tucano among Indians in an effort to convert them. Economic concerns have also led fathers to increasingly leave their families to work for non-Amerindian Brazilians, which has undermined the patrilineal father-child interaction through which Tariana was traditionally acquired. In 1999, efforts were made to teach Tariana as a second language in the secondary school in Iauaretê.  Regular classes in Tariana have been offered at the school since 2003.: 6–9 
Research on Tariana, including a grammar book and a Tariana-Portuguese dictionary, has been done by Alexandra Aikhenvald from the La Trobe University, a specialist on the Arawak language family.

Tanimuca, or Tanimuca-Retuarã (Letuama), is a Tucanoan language of Colombia.

Barawana (Baré) is an Arawakan language of Venezuela and Brazil, where it is nearly extinct. It was spoken by the Baré people. Aikhenvald (1999) reports "just a few old speakers left" of Baré proper, and that the Guinau variety was extinct. Kaufman (1994) considers Baré proper, Guinau, and Marawá (currently extinct) to be distinct languages; Aikhenvald, dialects of a single language. (Marawá is not the same language as Marawán.)
Baré is a generic name for a number of Arawakan languages in the area, including Mandahuaca, Guarequena, Baniwa, and Piapoco. Barawana is the language given this name in Kaufman, Aikhenvald, and Ethnologue.  It is also known as Ibini (a typo for Ihini ~ Arihini?) and Mitua.

Irántxe (Irántxe, Iranxe, Iranshe) , also known as Mỹky (Münkü) or still as Irántxe-Münkü, is an indigenous language spoken by the Irántxe (Iránxe, Iranche, Manoki, Munku) and Mỹky (Mynky, Münkü, Munku, Menku, Kenku, Myy) peoples in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. Recent descriptions of the language analyze it as a language isolate, in that it "bears no similarity with other language families" (Arruda 2003). Monserrat (2010) is a well-reviewed grammar of the language.

Ramanos is a poorly attested extinct language of what is now Bolivia. Glottolog concludes that "the minuscule wordlist ... shows no convincing resemblances to surrounding languages".

Chayahuita is an endangered Amazonian language spoken by thousands of native Chayahuita people in the Amazon basin of north-central Peru. Spoken along the banks of the Paranapura, Cahuapanas, Sillay, and Shanusi rivers, it is also known as Chayawita, Shawi, Chawi, Tshaahui, Chayhuita, Chayabita, Shayabit, Balsapuertino, Paranapura, and Cahuapa. There is a 1–5% literacy rate, compared with 5–15% for Spanish, and a dictionary since 1978. It can not be understood by Jebero speakers although there is some overlap in vocabulary, especially some Quechua terms.

The Karirí languages, generally considered dialects of a single language, are a group of languages formerly spoken by the Kiriri people of Brazil. It was spoken until the middle of the 20th century; the 4,000 ethnic Kiriri are now monolingual Portuguese speakers, though a few know common phrases and names of medicinal plants. A revival of the Dzubukuá variety has been ongoing since 1989.

Puinaua (Poyanáwa: Ûdikuî, meaning 'true language'), a.k.a. Poyanáwa, is a Panoan language of Brazil. It was moribund in 2009, with only one fluent speaker and two others who knew a little of the language.

Candoshi-Shapra (also known as Candoshi, Candoxi, Kandoshi, Kandozi-Chapra, and Murato) is an indigenous American language isolate, spoken by several thousand people in western South America along the Chapuli, Huitoyacu, Pastaza, and Morona river valleys. There are two dialects, Chapara (also spelled Shapra) and Kandoashi (Kandozi). It is an official language of Peru, like other native languages in the areas in which they are spoken and are the predominant language in use. Around 88.5 percent of the speakers are bilingual with Spanish. The literacy rate in Candoshi-Shapra is 10 to 30 percent and 15 to 25 percent in the second language Spanish. There is a Candoshi-Shapra dictionary, and grammar rules have been codified.

The Waimiri Atroari language is spoken by the Waimiri Atroari people. The current population is 2,009 (PWA, 2018), and they have 19 villages spread along the rivers of Camanau/Curiau, Alalaii, Jauaperi, and Rio Branquinho. These are located in the northern part of the State of Amazonas, and the southern part of the State of Roraima. The people call themselves Kinja and call their language Kinja Iara (meaning 'people's language') (Do Vale). The language has many other names such as, Atroahy, Atroahí, Atroarí, Atroaí, Atrowari, Atruahi, Atruahí, Ki'nya, Krishaná, Waimirí, Waimirí-atroarí, Yawaperí (Glottolog). This language seems to have a high transmission as it is spoken by all members of the community and is the main language used for reading and writing (Do Vale).

Mato Grosso Arára (also disambiguated as Arara do Beiradão or Arara do Rio Branco, and also known as Koaiá ~ Koayá or Yugapkatã) is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. The ethnic population that spoke the language numbers about 150.

Suruí (of Jiparaná), also known as Paíter or Suruí-Paíter, is a Tupian language of Brazil. The Suruí of Rondônia call themselves Paiter, which means “the true people, we ourselves". They speak a language of the Tupi group and Monde language family. There were 1,171 Suruí-Paíter in 2010.

Piapoco is an Arawakan language of Colombia and Venezuela.
A "Ponares" language is inferred from surnames, and may have been Piapoco or Achagua.

Güenoa (Minuan) is a sparsely documented, extinct Charruan language once spoken in Uruguay and Argentina.

Záparo is a nearly dead language spoken by the Sápara, or Záparo, people of Ecuador. As of 2000, it was spoken by only one person out of a total population of 170 in Pastaza Province, between the Curaray and Bobonaza rivers. Záparo is also known as Zápara and Kayapwe. The members of the Záparo ethnic group now speak Quichua, though there is a language revival effort beginning. Záparo is sometimes confused with Andoa, though the two languages are distinct. Záparo has a subject–verb–object word order.

Koropó (Coropó) is an extinct language of eastern Brazil. It has been variously classified as a Maxakalían or a Purian language.

The Cubeo language (also spelled Cuveo) is the language spoken by the Cubeo people in the Vaupés Department, the Cuduyari and Querarí Rivers and their tributaries in Colombia, and in Brazil and Venezuela. It is a member of the central branch of the Tucanoan languages. Cubeo has borrowed a number of words from the Nadahup languages, and its grammar has apparently been influenced by Arawak languages. The language has been variously described as having a subject–object–verb or an object–verb–subject word order, the latter very rare cross-linguistically. It is sometimes called Pamiwa, the ethnic group's autonym, but it is not to be confused with the Pamigua language, sometimes called Pamiwa.

Palikúr (Brazilian Portuguese: Palicur, French: Palikur) is an Arawakan language of Brazil and French Guiana. Knowledge of French and Portuguese is common among the Palikur, and French Guianese Creole is used as the common language among the tribes in the area and with the local population. Palikúr is considered endangered in French Guiana and vulnerable in Brazil.

Yukpa (Yuco, Yucpa, Yuko, Yupa) is a Cariban language, spoken by 3,000 people in Zulia State in Venezuela and 3,000 across the border in Colombia. It's also known as Carib Motilón, Macoíta, Northern Motilón, Manso.
Río Casacará (Iroka) and Río Maracas are the main dialects, and different enough to possibly be considered separate languages. Also Caño Padilla–La Laguna. The Venezuelan dialects, Yrapa and Río Negro, are closer to Río Maracas than to Río Casacará. 
Similarity to Japrería, the other Yupka language, is slight.

Korubo is a nearly extinct Panoan language spoken by the Korubo people of Brazil. There are two dialects, Korubo itself and moribund Chankueshbo.

Antioquian may refer to any of several extinct and poorly attested or unattested languages of the Santa Fe de Antioquia region of Colombia.  The languages were not necessarily related to each other.  Languages, dialects, and ethnic names lumped under the term include:

Old Catio (Chibchan)
Nutabe (Nutabane; Chibchan)
Anserma (Anserna, Ancerma; a.k.a. Humbra/Umbra; dialects Caramanta & Cartama. Chocoan.)
Arma-Pozo (dialects Arma, Pozo)
Avurrá (Aburra; 1 word known, possibly Chibchan)
Yamesí (no data)
Guazuzú
Buritaca
Abibe
Pequi
Hevejico
Amachi
Guamoco
Tahami
Oromina (a.k.a. Zeremoe)

Cashibo (Caxibo, Cacibo, Cachibo, Cahivo), Cacataibo, Cashibo-Cacataibo, Managua, or Hagueti is an indigenous language of Peru in the region of the Aguaytía, San Alejandro, and Súngaro rivers. It belongs to the Panoan language family.
Dialects are Kashibo (Kaschinõ), Rubo/Isunbo, Kakataibo, and Nokamán, which until recently had been thought to be extinct.

Wayuu (Wayuu: Wayuunaiki [waˈjuːnaiki]), or Guajiro, is a major Arawakan language spoken by 400,000 indigenous Wayuu people in northwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Peninsula and surrounding Lake Maracaibo.
There were an estimated 300,000 speakers of Wayuunaiki in Venezuela in 2012 and another 120,000 in Colombia in 2008, approximately half the ethnic population of 400,000 in Venezuela (2011 census) and 400,000 in Colombia (2018 census). Smith (1995) reports that a mixed Wayuu—Spanish language is replacing Wayuunaiki in both countries. However, Campbell (1997) could find no information on this.

Bora is an indigenous language of South America spoken in the western region of Amazon rainforest. Bora is a tonal language which, other than the Ticuna language, is a unique trait in the region.
The majority of its speakers reside in Peru and Colombia. Around 2,328 Bora speakers live in the areas of the northeast Yaguasyacu, Putumayo and Ampiyacu rivers of Peru. There are about 500 speakers of Bora also in Colombia in the Putumayo Department. Peruvian speakers have a 10 to 30% literacy rate and a 25 to 50% literacy rate in their second language of Spanish. 
Early linguistic investigators thought that Bora was related to the Huitoto (Witoto) language, but there is very little similarity between the two. The confusion was most likely due to the frequent intermarriage between the tribes and the Ocaina dialect of Witotoan which has many Bora words.

Yurumanguí is an extinct language that was spoken along the Yurumanguí River of Colombia. It is known only through a short list of words and phrases recorded by Father Christoval Romero and given by him to Captain Sebastián Lanchas de Estrada, who included them in the report of his travels of 1768. Thereafter the language and its speakers disappear from the historical record.
Father Romero's word list was discovered in the archives and published, with analysis and commentary, by Rivet (1942), who argued that the language was a member of the Hokan language family. This claim is considered poor and unconvincing; a critique is given by Poser (1992). Swadesh (1963) saw connections with Opaye and Chamicura (Maipurean). Adelaar notes similarities with Esmeralda (Takame). However, it is generally considered unclassifiable due to the paucity of data.

Brazilian Sign Language (Portuguese: Língua Brasileira de Sinais [ˈlĩɡwɐ bɾaziˈlejɾɐ dʒi siˈnajs]) is the sign language used by deaf communities of Brazil. It is commonly known in short as Libras (pronounced [ˈlibɾɐs]).
Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) is a well-established language and legally recognized. Several dictionaries, instructional videos, and a number of articles on the linguistic nuances of the language have been published. It is a natural language of Brazil, but it exhibits influences of French Sign Language, therefore sharing similarities with other sign languages across Europe and the Americas. Additionally, Libras has regional dialects across Brazil, reflecting the diverse sociocultural differences in the country.

Yumana (Jumana, Xomana, Ximana) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. Kaufman (1994) placed it in his Río Negro branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999). It is attested only in a wordlist from Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and Johann Baptist von Spix in 1867.

Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay or Wiznay is a Wichí language. Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay had an estimated 15,000 speakers in 1999 in Argentina. The language is centered in the Pilcomayo River region. Other names for the language include Güisnay, Mataco, Mataco Güisnay, Mataco Pilcomayo, and Wichí Lhamtés. A grammar book has been written for the language.
The Wichí languages are predominantly suffixing and polysynthetic; verbal words have between 2 and 15 morphemes. Alienable and inalienable possession is distinguished. The phonological inventory is large, with simple, glottalized  and aspirated stops and sonorants. The number of vowels varies with the language (five or six).

Apiaká is a recently extinct Tupi language of the Apiacá people of the upper Rio Tapajos area of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It has been supplanted by Portuguese.

Cayubaba (Cayuvava, Cayuwaba, Kayuvava) is a moribund language of the Bolivian Amazon. The Cayubaba people inhabit the Beni region to the west of the Mamoré River, North of the Santa Ana Yacuma, with a population of 794 inhabitants.
Since the declaration of the Supreme Decree N.º 25894 on September 11, 2000, Cayubaba has been one of the official indigenous languages of Bolivia, which was included in the Political Constitution, which was introduced on February 7, 2009.

Chachapoyas or Amazonas Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken in the provinces of Chachapoyas and Luya in the Peruvian region of Amazonas.
Chachapoyas Quechua is critically endangered, as hardly any children are now learning it. Conila is said to be the last village where children are still able to speak it.
Chachapoyas Quechua belongs to Quechua II, subgroup II-B (Lowland Peruvian Quechua).

Xukuru (Xucuru, Shukurú, Ichikile) is a poorly attested extinct language of Brazil. It was also known as Kirirí, Kirirí-Xokó, and Ichikile. It is known only from a few word lists and a sketch by Geraldo Lapenda (1962).
It was originally spoken in the Serra de São José and on the Meio River, Capibaribe River and Taperoa River in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba. Loukotka (1968) reports the most recent locations as the Serra Ararobá and Cimbres.

Selkʼnam, also known by the exonym Ona, is a language formerly spoken by the Selkʼnam people in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in southernmost South America.
One of the Chonan languages of Patagonia, Selkʼnam is now extinct, due to the late 19th-century Selkʼnam genocide by European immigrants, high fatalities due to disease, and disruption of traditional society. One source states that the last fluent native speakers died in the 1980s. Radboud University linguist Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia worked with two individuals to write a reference grammar of the language, namely, Herminia Vera-Ona (died 2014), a semi-speaker who spoke Ona until the age of 8, and Joubert "Keyuk" Yanten, a young man who started learning the language after learning he was part-Selkʼnam at the age of 8. At the time the grammar was written, the latter was believed to be the only living individual fluent in Selkʼnam, albeit not natively.

Ticuna, Tikuna, Tucuna or Tukuna is a language spoken by approximately 50,000 people in the Amazon Basin, including the countries of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. It is the native language of the Ticuna people and is considered "stable" by ethnologue. Ticuna is generally classified as a language isolate, but may be related to the extinct Yuri language (see Tïcuna-Yuri) and there has been some research indicating similarities between Ticuna and Carabayo.  It is a tonal language, and therefore the meaning of words with the same phonemes can vary greatly simply by changing the tone used to pronounce them.
Tïcuna is also known as Magta, Maguta, Tucuna/Tukuna, and Tukna.

Yaneshaʼ (Yaneshac̈h/Yanešač̣; literally 'we the people'), also called Amuesha or Amoesha is a language spoken by the Amuesha people of Peru in central and eastern Pasco Region.
Due to the influence and domination of the Inca Empire, Yaneshaʼ has many loanwords from Quechua, including some core vocabulary.  Yaneshaʼ may also have been influenced by Quechua's vowel system so that, today, it has a three-vowel system rather than a four-vowel one that is typical of related Arawakan languages. There are also many loanwords from Kampa languages.

Karipuna or Caripuná may refer to:

Jau-Navo language, or Chakobo (Panoan):  the original Karipuna of Guaporé in Rondônia, Brazil; one of two assigned ISO code [kuq]
Kawahib language (Tupian): the more recently labeled Karipuna of Guaporé in Rondônia, Brazil, also assigned ISO code [kuq]
Palikúr language (Arawakan): the original language of the Karipuna do Amapá of Brazil and French Guiana, assigned ISO code [plu]
an unrecorded language, reportedly Nheengatu language (Tupian); the original language of recent immigrants to Amapá, whose original language was also assigned ISO code [kgm] but deprecated in 2023.
Lanc-Patuá creole, otherwise known as Karipuna Creole French; assigned ISO code [kmv]
"Karipuna" has been used in Brazil for languages in the Madeira–Guaporé River region of Rondônia and in the Uaçá River region of Amapá. 
In Rondônia, the name originally applied to the Panoan language Jau-Navo, and was the only language there called Karipuna until the 1950s. However, from the 1950s until the 1970s, the name was extended to newly contacted peoples in the region who spoke various dialects of the Tupian Kawahib language. FUNAI started using the name for several Kawahib dialects, creating the current confusion in the region.
In Amapá, the only attested indigenous language that went by the name was the Arawakan language Palikur. After the assimilation of the original Amapá people, the name was applied to immigrants, now known as the Karipuna do Amapá, whose language was not recorded but was reported to be Nheengatu, a Tupian language. Their recorded language is Karipuna Creole French.

Atorada or Atoraí is a moribund Arawakan language of Brazil and Guyana. Henri Ramirez (2019) considers it to be a dialect of Wapishana.: 33 

Arhuaco, commonly known as Ikʉ (Arhuaco: Ikʉ), is an Indigenous American language of the Chibchan language family, spoken in South America by the Arhuaco people.
There are 8000 speakers, all in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region of Colombia, 90% of whom are monolingual. Literacy is 1 to 5% in their native language. Some speak Spanish, and 15 to 25% are literate in that auxiliary language. The users have a very strong traditional culture and have vibrant use of their tongue. 
It is also known as: Aruaco, Bintuk, Bíntukua, Bintucua, Ica, Ijca, Ijka, Ika, and Ike.
The language uses a subject–object–verb (SOV) sentence structure.

Maskoy, or Toba-Maskoy, is one of several languages of the Paraguayan Chaco (Particularly in the northern region of Paraguay) called Toba. It is spoken on a reservation near Puerto Victoria. Toba-Maskoy is currently a threatened language at risk of becoming an extinct language, due to the low number of native speakers.

El papiamento es una lengua hablada en las Antillas Neerlandesas: las islas de Curazao (papiamentu, papiamento),  Bonaire (papiamen) y en Aruba (papiamento), todas forman parte del Reino de los Países Bajos. El papiamento es el idioma más hablado en las 3 islas.[1]​
Posee dos formas de escritura: la fonética, aplicada en Curazao y Bonaire, y la etimológica, basada en el idioma español, aplicada en Aruba. Papiamento (parlamento) proviene de papia, evolución del español y portugués coloquial "papear",[2]​ voz onomatopéyica que, según el diccionario de la RAE significa balbucir, tartamudear, hablar sin sentido, lo cual a su vez deriva de "papa", que dicho diccionario define como expresión coloquial de tontería, vaciedad, paparrucha.
El papiamento es oficial en Aruba desde 2003 y en Bonaire y Curazao desde 2007. Tiene ortografía propia desde 1976. El texto más antiguo en papiamento es una carta del año 1775 de un judío de Curazao.[3]​ Hay autores que piensan que, al menos la base lingüística, es más antigua. Hay diversas teorías sobre su origen. Lo que se puede definir es que el papiamento es un idioma que se desarrolló por sí mismo por el contacto entre los hablantes de diversos idiomas. Para comunicarse con otro se usaba este idioma como lengua general.
Se trata de una lengua criolla cuyo léxico probablemente procede del portugués principalmente, mezclada con palabras de origen español, inglés, francés, neerlandés, la lengua indígena arahuaca, y diversas lenguas africanas. El idioma estaría basado en un criollo africano-portugués que los esclavos llevaron de África, reforzado posteriormente con judíos sefardíes llegados de los enclaves neerlandeses del Brasil, y que ha ido evolucionando con el tiempo debido a las colonizaciones y la posición geográfica de las islas, recibiendo una mayor influencia del idioma español en especial, por su proximidad con territorios de habla hispana como Venezuela.

Acroá is an extinct Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) of Brazil. It was spoken by the Acroá people around the headwaters of the Parnaíba and of the Paranaíba in Bahia, who were later settled in the missions of São José do Duro (Formiga) and in São José de Mossâmedes. The language went extinct before it could be properly documented; it is only known through a short wordlist collected by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.: 14  Due to an account of Martius' travels appearing in three large volumes from 1823 to 1831, the language probably went extinct sometime around then. Acroá is also known as Akroá, Acroamirim, Coroá and Koroá.

Oro Win is a moribund Chapacuran language spoken along the upper stretches of the Pacaás Novos River in Brazil. As of 2010, there were only six known speakers of Oro Win in Brazil, and all of them were over 50 years of age.

The Teushen language is an indigenous language of Argentina and may be extinct. It was spoken by the Teushen people, a nomadic hunter-gatherer people of Patagonia, who lived between the Puelche people to their north and the Tehuelche people to the south, who occupied the central part of the Tierra del Fuego region. The tribe is now extinct.
The language is thought to be related to the Selkʼnam, Puelche, and Tehuelche languages. These collectively belong to the Chonan language family.
In the early 19th century, some Tehuelche people also spoke Teushen.

Jaikó (Jeicó, Jeikó, Yeico, Geico, Eyco) is an extinct language of southeastern Piauí, Brazil.

The Waorani (Huaorani) language, commonly known as Sabela (also Wao, Huao, Auishiri, Aushiri, Ssabela ; autonym: Wao Terero; pejorative: Auka, Auca) is a vulnerable language isolate spoken by the Waorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers in Ecuador. A small number of speakers with so-called uncontacted groups may live in Peru.

Araona or Cavina is an indigenous language spoken by the South America Araona people; about 90% of the 90 Araona people are fluent (W. Adelaar). Use of the language amongst the tribe is considered vigorous although Spanish knowledge is increasing. The Araonans live in the headwaters of the Manupari river in northwest Bolivia. Their language has a dictionary and portions of the Bible have been translated into Araona.
Capachene and Machui are dialects of either Araona or of Cavineña.

Apurinã, or Ipurina, is a Southern Maipurean language spoken by the Apurinã people of the Amazon basin. It has an active–stative syntax. Apurinã is a Portuguese word used to describe the Popikariwakori people and their language (Facundes 2000: 34). Apurinã indigenous communities are predominantly found along the Purus River, in the Northwestern Amazon region in Brazil, in the Amazonas state (Pickering 2009: 2). Its population is currently spread over twenty-seven different indigenous lands along the Purus River (Apurinã PIB). with an estimated total population of 9,500 people. It is predicted, however, that fewer than 30% of the Apurinã population can speak the language fluently (Facundes 2000: 35). A definite number of speakers cannot be firmly determined because of the regional scattered presence of its people. The spread of Apurinã speakers to different regions was initially caused by conflict or disease, which has consequently led natives to lose the ability to speak the language for lack of practice and also because of interactions with other communities.
Also, as a consequence of violence and oppression towards indigenous people, some natives and descendants choose to not identify themselves as indigenous, further reducing the number of people categorized as speaking the language (Facundes 2000: 23). The low transmission and cultivation of the language result in the risk of endangerment. The endangerment level of Apurinã is currently at level 3 (Facundes 2000: 4), which means that although adults still speak the language, children are no longer being exposed to it. Because they are taught Portuguese or Spanish instead, a further reduction in the number of people that speak the language could occur over the years, eventually leading it to become extinct.

Aroaqui (Aroaki) is an extinct Arawakan language of Brazil that was spoken in the lower Rio Negro region, probably on the banks of the Cuieiras River. Some Aroaqui groups were also located around the mouth of the Amazon River near Macapá.: 14 
A word list of Aroaqui was collected by Johann Natterer (1832) in Airão.
Aroaqui and Parawana are closely related, and may be the same language.

Arikem is an extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondônia, in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Warázu, also known as Pauserna or Guarasugwé (Guarasú'we), is a moribund Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. It was also formerly spoken in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Guarasugwé people, who were estimated to number 125 according to a census in 2012. It was previously considered to be extinct, but 4 speakers were found in 2006; this number had decreased to 2 in 2017.

Nukini (Nukuini, Nuquini) is an obsolescent Panoan language of Brazil. In some historical texts the Nukini are also referred to as Inucuini, Nucuiny, Nukuini, Nucuini, Inocú-inins and Remo.
As a result of contact with outsiders, there are currently few who speak Nukini as a mother tongue. The Nukini stopped passing on the language to their descendants, and the current generation speaks Portuguese.

The Xavante language is an Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Xavante people in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. The Xavante language is unusual in its phonology, its ergative object–agent–verb word order, and its use of honorary and endearment terms in its morphology.
The Xavante people are approximately 18,380 individuals in 170 villages as of 2014, but the language is spoken by 9,600 people, of whom about 7,000 are monolingual. The current speakers, made up of all ages, use the language vigorously and hold positive attitudes towards Xavante. It has been orthographically rendered as Chavante and Shavante, and is also called Akuen, Akwen, A’uwe Uptabi, A’we, Crisca, Pusciti, and Tapuac.

lengua hablada en alrededor de 170 municipios en el área este del Mato Grosso, en Brasil

Peba (Peva) is an extinct language from the Peba–Yaguan language family once spoken in Peru.

Canela is a dialect of the Canela-Krahô language, a Timbira variety of the Northern Jê language group (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Apànjêkra (Apaniêkrá) and by the Mẽmõrtũmre (Ràmkôkãmẽkra, Ramkokamekrá) in Maranhão, Brazil.: 11 
The Kenkateye dialect has been extinct since 1913 due to the massacre of the tribe by cattle ranchers.

Chibcha, Mosca, Muisca, Muysca (*/ˈmɨska/ *[ˈmʷɨska]), or Muysca de Bogotá is a language spoken by the Muisca people, one of the many indigenous cultures of the Americas. The Muisca inhabit the Altiplano Cundiboyacense of what today is the country of Colombia.
The name of the language Muysc cubun in its own language means "language of the people", from muysca ("people") and cubun ("language" or "word"). Despite the disappearance of the language in the 17th century (approximately), several language revitalization processes are underway within the current Muisca communities. The Muisca people remain ethnically distinct and their communities are recognized by the Colombian state.
Important scholars who have contributed to the knowledge of the Muisca language include Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne and Ezequiel Uricoechea.

lengua extinta de Colombia, hablada por los muiscas, una de las cuatro civilizaciones indígenas más avanzadas del continente americano

Movima is a language that is spoken by about 1,400 (nearly half) of the Movima, a group of Native Americans that resides in the Llanos de Moxos region of the Bolivian Amazon, in northeastern Bolivia. It is considered a language isolate, as it has not been proven to be related to any other language.

Chamacoco is a Zamucoan language spoken in Paraguay by the Chamacoco people. It is also known as Xamicoco or Xamacoco, although the tribe itself prefers the name  Ishír (which is also spelled Ɨshɨr, Ishiro, Yshyr) and sometimes Jewyo. When the term Ishiro (or yshyro or ɨshɨro) is used to refer to the language, it is an abbreviation for Ishir(o) ahwoso, literally meaning 'the words, the language of the Chamacoco people'. It is spoken by a traditionally hunter-gatherer society that now practices agriculture. Its speakers are of all ages, and generally speak Spanish or Guarani as second and third languages.

Chilean Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas chilena, LSCh) is the sign language of Chile's seven deaf institutions. It is used by people all over Chile and is the primary language used by the deaf community, being used for television interpretations. There is variation within the language depending on factors such as geographical location, age, and educational background.

Xokleng or Laklãnõ is a Southern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Xokleng people of Brazil. It is closely related to Kaingang.

Barasana is a Tucanoan language of Colombia. It belongs to the Eastern branch of the Tucanoan family and is spoken in the Amazonian region by the Barasana people. The population of its native speakers is about 1,990 according to a census taken in 1993. Native speakers' tribes are spread out along the Pira Paraná River in Colombia and the banks of the Vaupés River Basin.
The different dialects within this language group utilize their individual varieties as barriers to distinguish themselves through their own identity. Marriages between two people who speak the same language are taboo, as it is seen as akin to marrying their own brothers and sisters. Instead, Barasanans participate in exogamous marriages, which promote multilingualism of the people in the region. This also serves as an explanation for similarities between different dialects in the region. Barasana and Eduria are often considered separate languages by the individuals of these groups, who are allowed to intermarry. However, the languages' similarities are up to 98%; the other 2% accounts for minor differences in phonology.
Many grammatical characteristics of Barasana distinguish it from various other groups in the language family. Out of the Eastern Tucanoan languages, Barasana is the only one to maintain a three-way distinction between spatial and temporal distances. It also differs in many other aspects, such as nasality, phoneme inventories, and imperative morphology.

Kamëntšá, commonly rendered Camsá, is a language isolate and native language of the Kamëntšá people who primarily inhabit the Sibundoy Valley of the Putumayo Department in the south of Colombia.

Pilagá is a Guaicuruan language spoken by 4,000 people in the Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys, western Formosa Province, in northeastern Argentina.

Yuracaré (also Yurakaré, Yurakar, Yuracare, Yurucare, Yuracar, Yurakare, Yurujuré, Yurújare) is an endangered language isolate of central Bolivia in  Cochabamba and Beni departments spoken by the Yuracaré people.
Speakers refer to their own language as Yurújare [juˈɹ̟uhaɹ̟e].: 1323 

Omagua is a Tupi-Guarani language closely related to Cocama, belonging to the Group III subgroup of the Tupí-Guaraní family, according to Aryon Rodrigues' classification of the family. Alternate names for Omagua include: Agua, Anapia, Ariana, Cambeba, Cambeeba, Cambela, Campeba, Canga-Peba, Compeva, Janbeba, Kambeba, Macanipa, Omagua-Yete, Pariana, Umaua, Yhuata.

Chimila (Shimizya), also known as Ette Taara, is a Chibchan language of Colombia, spoken by the Chimila people, who live between the lower Magdalena river, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria and the Cesar river. At one time Chimila was grouped with the Malibu languages, but then Chimila became classified as a Chibchan language.
Julian Steward, in the 1950 Handbook of South American Indians, reports a communication from Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff that he considered Chimila to be one of the Arawakan languages, and would thus be expected to be like Tairona, one of the Chibchan languages.

lengua perteneciente a la familia lingüística chibcha, es hablado por el pueblo chimila

Andoquero (Miranya, Miraña-Carapana-tapuyo) is an extinct Witotoan language of Colombia.

Aymara (Aymara pronunciation: [ajˈmaɾa] ; also Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over one million speakers. Aymara, along with Spanish and Quechua, is an official language in Bolivia and Peru. It is also spoken, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile, where it is a recognized minority language.
Some linguists have claimed that Aymara is related to its more widely spoken neighbor, Quechua. That claim, however, is disputed. Although there are indeed similarities, like the nearly identical phonologies, the majority position among linguists today is that the similarities are better explained as areal features arising from prolonged cohabitation, rather than natural genealogical changes that would stem from a common protolanguage.
Aymara is an agglutinating and, to a certain extent, a polysynthetic language. It has a subject–object–verb word order. It is based on a three-valued logic system. Aymara is normally written using the Latin alphabet.

The Juruna language, also known as Yudjá, is spoken in Brazil. It is spoken in the Xingu Indigenous Park of Mato Grosso state. In 2001 there were 278 native speakers. It is the last survivor of the Yuruna languages.

Catío Emberá (Catío, Katío) is an indigenous American language spoken by the Embera people of Colombia and Panama.
The language was spoken by 15,000 people in Colombia, and a few dozen in Panama, according to data published in 1992. 90 to 95% of the speakers are monolingual with a 1% literacy rate. The language is also known as Eyabida, and like most Embera languages goes by the name Embena 'human'.

Guanano (Wanano), or Piratapuyo, is a Tucanoan language spoken in the northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupés in Colombia. It is spoken by two peoples, the Wanano and the Piratapuyo. They do not intermarry, but their speech is 75% lexically similar.

Kulina (also Kulína, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madijá, Madijá, Madija, Madiha, Madihá) is an Arawan language of Brazil and Peru spoken by about 4,000 Kulina people. With such few speakers, Kulina is considered a threatened language. Kulina is similar to the Deni language, as they have even been considered different dialects of the same language. Both languages have SOV word order, as well as three sets of alveolar affricate consonants. It is believed the presence of the reconstructed phoneme *s in place of the fricative *sh is indicative of the Kulina and Deni languages as opposed to other languages in the Arawan family.

Chipaya (endolinguonym Chipay taqu) is a native South American language of the Uru–Chipaya language family.  The only other language in the grouping, Uru, is considered by some to be a divergent dialect of Chipaya. Ethnologue lists the language vitality as "vigorous," with 1,800 speakers out of an ethnic population of around 2,100, although younger generations speak it progressively less. Chipaya has been influenced considerably by Aymara, the Quechuan languages, and more recently, Spanish, with a third of its vocabulary having been replaced by those languages. 
The Chipayan language is spoken in the area south of Lake Titicaca along the Desaguadero River in the mountains of Bolivia and mainly in the town of Chipaya located in the Sabaya Province of the Bolivian department of Oruro north of Coipasa Salt Flats.  Native speakers generally refer to it as Chipay taqu or Puquina or Uchun Maa Taqu ("our mother language"), but is not the same as, nor in fact even related to, the extinct Puquina language. Chipaya is an agglutinative language, though it has features uncommon to most agglutinative languages, according to preliminary research by the organization DOBES.

Waimajã (Waimaha), generically known as Bará or (Northern) Barasano, is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil. As of 1971, the population of speakers generally lived along the rivers of Colombia, namely, Colorado, Yapu, Inambu, Macucu, and Tiquie.

Ayoreo is a Zamucoan language spoken in both Paraguay and Bolivia. It is also known as Morotoco, Moro, Ayoweo, Ayoré, and Pyeta Yovai. However, the name "Ayoreo" is more common in Bolivia, and "Morotoco" in Paraguay. It is spoken by the Ayoreo people, an indigenous ethnic group traditionally living on a combined hunter-gatherer and farming lifestyle.

lengua que pertenece a la familia zamuca, o samuca, que se habla tanto en Bolivia como en Paraguay, en América del Sur.

Kawésqar (Qawasqar), also known as Alacaluf, is a critically endangered Alacalufan language spoken in southern Chile by the Kawésqar people. Originally part of a small family, only the northern language remains. In 2009, only a handful of elderly people spoke the language, most of whom lived on Wellington Island off the southwest coast of Chile.

idioma aislado o un conjunto de lenguas relacionadas hablada en Chile

Ayacucho (also called Chanca or Chanka after the local Chanka ethnicity that dominated the area before the Inca conquest) is a variety of Southern Quechua spoken in the Ayacucho Region, Peru, as well as by immigrants from Ayacucho in Lima. With roughly a million speakers, it is the largest variety of Southern Quechua after Cusco Quechua. The literary standard of Southern Quechua is based on these two closely related Quechua varieties.

Yanomamö (Yąnomamɨ) is the most populous of several closely related languages spoken by the Yanomami people. Most speakers are monolingual. It has no natively-used writing system. For a grammatical description, see Yanomaman languages.

La comunidad palenquera en Colombia está conformada por los descendientes de los cimarrones que mediante actos de resistencia y de libertad, se refugiaron en territorios del Caribe Colombiano desde el Siglo XV en los denominados Palenques.[1]​
Existen tres (3) Palenques reconocidos:

San Basilio de Palenque (Bolívar).
Libertad (Sucre).
San José de Uré (Córdoba).

Emerillon (endonym Teko; also known as Emerilon, Emerion, Mereo, Melejo, Mereyo, Teco) is a language belonging to the Tupi–Guarani family, one of the most heavily researched language families in Amazonia.  The languages related most closely to Emerillon are Wayampípukú, Wayampí, and Jo'é.
Emerillon is spoken by a small community residing in two areas of French Guiana: The Maroni River and the Oyapock-Camopi confluence. The speakers of Emerillon refer to themselves and their language as Teko.
The last recorded number of Emerillon speakers was 410, as recorded in 2010. The language is currently listed as endangered due to the extremely low number of speakers. However, the language is still being actively passed onto each generation and taught as a first language, with very little influence from the widely spoken tongues of the area.

Nonuya (Nononotá, Nyonuhu, Nonuña, Achiote) is a Witotoan language formerly spoken in Colombia and Peru that is now nearly extinct. Genocide, disease, and forced migration caused the Sparrowhawk and Backpacker tribes to form families with the Andoke and the Muinane to create the Nonuya community. Most Nonuya have Muinane and Spanish as their native languages.
There are no surviving Nonuya people with Nononotá as their mother tongue as the last native speaker died in 2003. However, the Nonuya community has recently reestablished itself, and is attempting to revitalize its culture through revitalizing its language. The Nonuya use the available documentation created by the last native speakers between 1973 and 2007, which include prayers, songs, and a lexicon, to relearn the language. These documents are accessible today in audio files and transcripts which can be used for practical spelling.

Siona (otherwise known as Bain Coca, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka, Kanú) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Ecuador. Ecuadorian Siona and Colombian Siona, as well as Secoya, have a high level of mutual intelligibility, but have some lexical, morphological, and phonological differences between them. 
As of 2013, Siona is spoken by about 550 people. The Teteté dialect (Eteteguaje) is extinct.

Eperara a.k.a. Epena (Southern Embera) is an Embera language of Colombia, with about 250 speakers in Ecuador.

Chamicuro is an extinct South American language formerly spoken in Peru. The language was used by the Chamicuro people, who number around one hundred people. The Chamicuros currently live on a tributary of the Huallaga river, in Peru, in an area called Pampa Hermosa, though many had been dislocated to the Yavarí and Napo Rivers and to Brazil.
As with all native languages in Peru, Chamicuro was by default an official language in the area in which it was spoken. A dictionary has been published by the Chamicuro, however no children can speak the language as the community has shifted to Spanish.
There is dispute as to whether the unattested language of the Aguano people was the same language as Chamicuro. Loukotka (1968) had identified it with Chamicuro, but the Chamicuro report that the Aguano people spoke Quechua.

Mepuri is an extinct Arawakan language of Brazil that was spoken around the confluence of the Rio Negro and Japurá River, mainly on the Marié River and Curicuriari River. A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.

Apinayé or Apinajé (otherwise known as Afotigé, Aogé, Apinagé, Otogé, Oupinagee, Pinagé, Pinaré, Uhitische, Utinsche, and Western Timbira) is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken in Tocantins, Eastern Central Brazil by some 2277 speakers of Apinajé people according to the most recent census taken by SIASI/SESAI in 2014. There are thirteen villages that speak the Apinayé language. The biggest and oldest villages include São José and Mariazinha; and the smaller villages are Cocalinho, Patizal, Buriti Comprido, Palmeiras, Prata, Cocal Grande, Serrinha, Botica, Riachinho, Bonito and Brejão.  It is a subject–object–verb language.
Ethnologue considers Apinayé "developing," with a rating of 5 on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS). It can be hypothesized that language transmission is high, since Apinayé was ranked as a threatened language in the past 10 years, but presently it is no longer at that level.

The Hup language (also called Hupdë, Hupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá Makú, Jupdá, Makú, Makú-Hupdá, Makú De, Hupda, and Jupde) is one of the four Naduhup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda indigenous Amazonian peoples who live on the border between Colombia and the Brazilian state of Amazonas. There are approximately 1500 speakers of the Hup language. As of 2005, according to the linguist Epps, Hup is not seriously endangered – although the actual number of speakers is few, all Hupda children learn Hup as their first language.

Wayãpi or Wayampi (Waiãpi, Guayapi, Oiampí) is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken by the Wayãpi people. It is spoken in French Guiana and Brazil.

Japrería (also known as Yapreria, Motilón and Yukpa-Japrería) is a Cariban language of Venezuela.

The Mawé language of Brazil, also known as Sateré (Mabue, Maragua, Andira, Arapium), is one of the Tupian languages. It is spoken by 7,000 people, many of them monolingual.

Madí—also known as Jamamadí after one of its dialects, and also Kapaná or Kanamanti (Canamanti)—is an Arawan language spoken by about 1,000 Jamamadi, Banawá, and Jarawara people scattered over Amazonas, Brazil.
The language has an active–stative clause structure with an agent–object–verb or object–agent–verb word order, depending on whether the agent or object is the topic of discussion (AOV appears to be the default).

Palmela is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Kaufman (2007) notes that it was phonologically divergent.

Aurá is a possibly extinct language, presumably part of the Tupi language family, last spoken by two individuals in Maranhão, Brazil named Aurê and Aurá. Both known speakers originally came from Pará. The language primarily used nouns, with few adjectives or verbs. Aurê has since died, leaving Aurá as the only one in the world speaking the language. 
Any other information about this tribe is feared to be lost to history.

Maritsauá (Manitsawá) is an extinct Tupian language of the state of Mato Grosso, in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Omurano is a language isolate from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna. The language was presumed to have become extinct by 1958, but in 2011 a rememberer was found who knew some 20 words in Omurano; he claimed that there were still people who could speak it. The community has otherwise switched to Urarina, another language isolate.
It was spoken near the Urituyacu River (a tributary of the Marañón River), or on the Nucuray River according to Loukotka (1968).

El sranan tongo (literalmente «lengua de Surinam») o surinamés es una lengua criolla hablada de forma nativa por unas 300 000 personas en Surinam.[1]​
El sranan tongo es un criollo basado en el inglés británico, con fuerte influencia del neerlandés, del portugués y las lenguas de África central y occidental que se desarrolló como medio de comunicación entre africanos esclavizados y colonizadores europeos. Llegó a ser la lengua franca de Surinam en el año 1667, cuando los británicos intercambiaron con los neerlandeses a Surinam por lo que hoy se conoce como Nueva York. Como se trata de una lengua compartida por comunidades de distintas lenguas (inglés, neerlandés, javanés, chino e hindustaní), muchos habitantes de Surinam la hablan como segunda lengua.

Carijona (Karihona) is a Cariban language, or probably a pair of languages, of Colombia. Derbyshire (1999) lists the varieties Hianacoto-Umaua and Carijona proper as separate languages.

The Awetí or Aweti language is one of the Tupian languages of Central Brazil. Spoken by the indigenous people that live along the Upper Xingu River, the language is in danger of becoming extinct with a declining 150 living speakers. The Aweti people live in a multilingual area due to various indigenous people settling there from various regions. In search of refuge many people have relocated to the reserve as a result of European colonialism.

Chaʼpalaa (also known as Chachi or Cayapa) is a Barbacoan language spoken in northern Ecuador by ca. 9,000 ethnic Chachi people.
"Chaʼpalaa" means "language of the Chachi people." This language was described in part by the missionary P. Alberto Vittadello, who, by the time his description was published in Guayaquil, Ecuador in 1988, had lived for seven years among the tribe.
Chaʼpalaa has agglutinative morphology, with a Subject-Object-Verb word order.
Chaʼpalaa is written using the Latin alphabet, making use of the following graphemes:
A, B, C, CH, D, DY, E, F, G, GU, HU, I, J, L, LL, M, N, Ñ, P, QU, R, S, SH, T, TS, TY, U, V, Y, and ʼ.
The writing system includes four simple vowels, and four double vowels:

The Haush language (also Manekʼenk) was an indigenous language spoken by the Haush people and was formerly spoken on the island of Tierra del Fuego. The Haush were considered the oldest inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego; at the time of first European contact, they inhabited the far eastern tip of the Mitre Peninsula.
Before 1850, an estimated 300 people spoke Haush. The last speaker of Haush died around 1920 and the language is considered extinct.
Haush is considered to be related to the Selkʼnam, Gününa Yajich, Teushen, and Tehuelche languages, which collectively belong to the Chonan language family.

Gaviao of Jiparana (Gavião do Jiparaná), also known as Digüt, Ikolen and Gavião do Rondônia, is the language of the Gavião of Rondônia, Brazil. It is a Tupian language of the Monde branch. It is partially intelligible with Suruí. The Zoró dialect spoken by the Zoró people is sometimes considered a separate language.

Amahuaca is an indigenous language of the Amazon Basin in Peru and Brazil. It is also known as Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, and Sayaco. Amahuaca is a Panoan language that is believed to be closely related to Cashinahua and Yaminawa. There around 220 speakers in Brazil, and around 328 speakers in Peru. 
30% of Amahuaca speakers are literate in Amahuaca and 50% are literate in Spanish. Amahuaca uses a Latin-based script. There are some bilingual schools. A dictionary has been developed along with a grammatical description and bible portions.

dialecto de la lengua guaraní, hablado en las áreas del bosque atlántico de Paraguay, noreste de Argentina y sur de Brasil

Chiripá Guarani (Tsiripá, Txiripá), also known as Ava Guarani and Nhandéva (Ñandeva), is a Guaraní language spoken in Paraguay, Brazil, and also Argentina. Nhandéva is closely connected to Mbyá Guaraní, as intermarriage between speakers of the two languages is common. Speakers of Nhandéva and Mbyá generally live in mountainous areas of the Atlantic Forest, from eastern Paraguay through Misiones Province of Argentina to the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. There are approximately 4,900 speakers in Brazil and 7,000 in Paraguay.
Nhandéva is also known as Chiripá. The Spanish spelling, Ñandeva, is used in the Paraguayan Chaco to refer to the local variety of Eastern Bolivian, a subdialect of Avá.

Venezuelan Sign Language (VSL; Spanish: Lengua de señas venezolana, LSV) is the national deaf sign language of Venezuela. The term, "Venezuelan Sign Language," began to be used in the 1930s. It is widely used, and Venezuela has a national bilingual education program for VSL and Spanish, though the language used by adults differs from that of the classroom. There is a large VSL dictionary published by the Federación Venezolana de Sordos. VSL has been used in schools since 1937.

Deni (also Dení, Dani) is an Arawan language spoken in Brazil. Deni is very similar to the other languages of the Arawan language family, but is especially similar to the Jamamadi language.

Masakará is an extinct language related to Kamakã. It is one of the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil. It was once spoken south of the city of Juazeiro and at the old mission of Saco dos Morcegos (present-day Mirandela, Banzaê, near Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia State).
The district of Massacará in Euclides da Cunha, Bahia is named after the tribe.
Martins (2007) classifies Masakará as the most divergent of the Kamakã languages.

Leco, also written as Leko, is a language isolate that, though long reported to be extinct, is spoken by 20–40 individuals in areas east of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.  The Leco ethnic population was 13,527 in 2012.

Chiquitano (also Bésɨro or Tarapecosi) is an indigenous language isolate spoken in the central region of Santa Cruz Department of eastern Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil.

Páez (also Paez, Paes; or the autonym Nasa Yuwe 'Nasa language') is a language of Colombia, spoken by the Páez people. Crevels (2011) estimates 60,000 speakers out of an ethnic population of 140,000.
The language is spoken by the second largest Colombian indigenous community, the Páez, in the north of the Cauca Department, in southwestern Colombia. However, the people had to move to other departments of Colombia like Huila, Tolima and Valle del Cauca.

Asháninka (also known as Campa, although this name is derogatory) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Asháninka people of Peru and Brazil.  It is largely spoken in the Satipo Province located in the amazon forest. While there are low literacy rates in Asháninka, language use is vibrant among the Asháninka.

Kariaí (Cariyai) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. Kaufman (1994) placed it in his Manao (Middle Rio Negro) branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999).

Wainumá (Wainambu, Wainambɨ) and Mariaté are an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. Kaufman (1994) placed them in his Wainumá branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999).

Uruguayan Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas uruguaya, LSU) is the deaf sign language of Uruguay, used since 1910. It is not intelligible with neighboring languages, though it may have historical connections with Paraguayan Sign Language.
In 2001, LSU was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378.

Taruma (Taruamá) is a nearly extinct, divergent language of northeastern South America. It has been reported to be extinct several times since as far back as 1770, but Eithne Carlin discovered the last three speakers living in Maruranau among the Wapishana, and is documenting the language. The people and language are known as Saluma in Suriname.

Mbya Guarani is a Tupi–Guarani Indigenous language of the southern cone. It is 75% lexically similar to Paraguayan Guarani.
Mbya Guarani is one of a number of "Guarani dialects" now generally classified as distinct languages. Mbya is closely connected to Ava Guarani, also known as Ñandeva, and intermarriage between speakers of the two languages is common. Speakers of Mbya and Ñandeva generally live in mountainous areas of the Atlantic Forest, from eastern Paraguay through Misiones Province of Argentina, Uruguay to the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.

Máku, also spelled Mako (Spanish Macú), and in the language itself Jukude, is an unclassified language and likely language isolate once spoken on the Brazil–Venezuela border in Roraima along the upper Uraricoera and lower Auari rivers, west of Boa Vista, by the Jukudeitse ([ʝokudeˈit͜se] or [ʑokudeˈit͜se]) or 'people'. 300 years ago, the Jukude territory was between the Padamo and Cunucunuma rivers to the southwest.
The last speaker, Sinfrônio Magalhães, died in 2000. There are currently no speakers or rememberers of Máku and no-one identifies as Jukude any longer. Aryon Rodrigues and Ernesto Migliazza, as well as Iraguacema Lima Maciel, worked on the language, and the data was collected into a grammar by Chris Rogers published in 2020.

Pataxó (Patashó) is an extinct Maxakalían language of Brazil formerly spoken by the Pataxó people of the Bahia region, and of Minas Gerais, Pôsto Paraguassu in Itabuna municipality. The 2,950 individuals in the Pataxó tribe now speak Portuguese instead, though they retain a few Pataxó words, as well as some words from neighbouring peoples.

Pisamira is a Tucanoan language. Ethnologue misidentifies it as a dialect of Tucano.

Ocorono, or Rocorona, is an extinct language of Bolivia, possibly of the Chapacuran family.
Birchall (2013) presents an in-depth analysis of surviving Rocorona texts from Jesuit missions in Bolivia, namely the Lord's Prayer, Ave Maria, and Nicene Creed. The texts have also been analyzed by Georges de Crequi-Montfort and Paul Rivet (1913).

Anauyá is an extinct, poorly attested and unclassified Arawakan language of Venezuela. Kaufman (1994) placed it in his Wainumá branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999).

The Cacua language, also known as Kakua or Kakwa, is an indigenous language spoken by a few hundred people in Colombia and Brazil.  There are many monolinguals, especially children. Apart from being close to or a dialect of Nukak, its classification is uncertain.

Panará (Panará panãra pẽẽ [panə̃ˈɾa ˈpẽj̃]
: 131 ), also known as Kreen Akarore (from Mẽbêngôkre Krã jakàràre [ˈkɾʌ̃ jaˈkʌɾʌɾɛ]), is a Jê language spoken by the Panará people of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is a direct descendant of Southern Kayapó. Although classified as a Northern Jê language in earlier scholarship,: 547  Panará differs considerably from the Northern Jê languages in its morphosyntax: 454  and has been argued to be a sister language to Northern Jê rather than a member of that group.

dialecto del quechua huanca, hablado en las provincias de Huancayo y Chupaca

Mandahuaca (Mandawaka) is an Arawakan language of Venezuela and formerly of Brazil. The number of speakers is not known; the most recent data was published in 1975. It is one of several languages which goes by the generic name Baré.
Kaufman (1994) classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald (1999) in Central (Orinoco) Upper Amazonian.

Shuar (which literally means "people", also known by such (now derogatory) terms as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, or Xivaro) is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.

Tuxá (Tusha; also Todela ~ Rodela, Carapató, Payacú) was the eastern Brazilian language of the Tuxá people, who now speak Portuguese and Dzubukuá. The language was believed to have ceased being spoken in the late 19th century, but in the 1960s a research team found two women that had been expelled from the Tuxa tribe in Bahia who knew some thirty words.
It was spoken along the São Francisco River near Glória, Bahia, and was reported by Loukotka (1968) to have more recently been in the village of Rodelas, Pernambuco (now part of Bahia).

Peruvian Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas peruana, LSP) is a Peruvian language created and used by the Deaf community in Peru. It has been officially recognized by Peruvian law since 2010. It is not clear how many users there are in the country; the most recent general census registered little more than 10,000, but the more specific census on people with special needs found around half a million people with hearing disabilities.
Variations exist in several geographically and among generations and religious groups, while the variety used in Lima is the most prestigious one.  The government has tried to integrate deaf students into mainstream educational programs with no real success, resulting in low levels of education for deaf students. On the other hand, deaf social gatherings and private schools keep the Peruvian Sign Language strong.

Yuqui (Yuki) is a Guarayú language of the Tupí-Guaraní language family spoken in the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia by the Yuqui.

lengua tupí-guaraní que reemplazó a la lengua natal de los yuquis

Amanayé (Amanaje) is a possibly extinct Tupi language last spoken in the town of São Domingos on the Capim River in Pará State, Brazil. The closely related but possibly distinct language is Ararandewara, which is spoken at the headwaters of the Moju River (Lang 1914).

Shiwiar, also known as Achuar, Jivaro and Maina, is a Chicham language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador. Shiwiar is one of the thirteen indigenous languages of Ecuador. All of these indigenous languages are endangered.

Cuiba or Cuiva is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 2,300 people in Colombia and additional 650 in Venezuela.  More than half of Cuiba speakers are monolingual, and in Colombia there is a 45% literacy rate. Cuiva is also referred to as Cuiba, Cuiba-Wámonae, Kuiva, Chiricoa, Hiwi, and Maiben. In Colombia, Cuiva is spoken among those who live and who are born surrounding the Colombian rivers, Meta Casanare and Capanaparo. The Cuiba ethnic group is often found in the Casanare Department. In Venezuela the language is spoken in the state of Apure, one of the state border with Colombia, which is found alongside the Capanaparo river.

Ecuadorian Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas ecuatoriana or de Ecuador, LSEC) is the sign language of Ecuador.

Hibito (spelled variously Híbito, Hívito, Chibito, Ibito, Jibito, Xibita, Zibito) is an extinct language of Peru. It, together with Cholón, constituted the Hibito-Cholon family.
There were 500 speakers reported in 1850.
Loukotka (1968) reports that it was spoken along the Huamo River, just north of the Cholón area.

Cinta Larga is a Tupian dialect cluster of Brazil, the largest language of the Monde branch.
According to Moore (2005), Arara do Rio Guariba (Guariba River Arara), spoken in the northern part of Aripuanã Indigenous Park, is closely related to the Cinta Larga dialect cluster, and also shares some features with Suruí. 26 words were collected by Hargreaves in 2001. It remains unclassified due to the lack of data.

Shiriana (Xiriâna, Chiriana), or Bahuana (Bahwana), is an unclassified Upper Amazon Arawakan language once spoken by the Shiriana people of Roraima, Brazil. It had an active–stative syntax.

Tinigua (Tiniguas) is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia which used to form a small language family with the now extinct Pamigua language.

Trinidadian English Creole is an English-based creole language commonly spoken throughout the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago. It is distinct from Tobagonian Creole – particularly at the basilectal level – and from other Lesser Antillean English creoles.
English is the country's official language (the national standard variety is Trinidadian and Tobagonian English), but the main spoken languages are Trinidadian English Creole and Tobagonian English Creole. Prior to English being designated as the official language, French Creole was more prominent throughout the island. English became the country's official language in 1823. Consequently, government and educational institutions endorsement of the language change significantly influenced the progressive transition and phaseout of French Creole to English Creole. Both creoles contain elements from a variety of West/Central African languages (especially Yoruba). Trinidadian English Creole is also influenced by French, French Creole, Trinidadian Hindustani, Tamil, other South Asian languages, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese (mainly Cantonese, with some Hakka, and now Mandarin), and Arabic. As of 2011, there were 1 million native speakers.

The Colonia Tovar dialect, or Alemán Coloniero, is a dialect that is spoken in Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, and belongs to the Low Alemannic branch of German.

Wayana (also referred to as Ojana, Ajana, Aiana, Ouyana, Uajana, Upurui, Oepoeroei, Roucouyen, Oreocoyana, Orkokoyana, Urucuiana, Urukuyana, and Alucuyana in the literature) is a language of the Cariban family, spoken by the Wayana people, who live mostly in the borderlands of French Guiana, Brazil, and Suriname.
In Brazil, they live along the Paru and Jari rivers, in Suriname, along the Tapanahoni and Paloemeu rivers, and in French Guiana, along the upper Maroni River and its tributaries.
The exact number of Wayana is unclear. The issue is complicated because counts are done on a per-country basis. Ethnologue lists 1,700 users of the language as of 2012 and 1,900 ethnic Wayana in all countries, using counts from 2006 and 2012. Instituto Socioambental, a Brazilian NGO, lists 1,629 ethnic Wayana, using counts from 2002 and 2014. The count of ethnic Wayana individuals is further complicated due to the close ties that the Wayana share with other ethnic groups in the region, especially the Aparai in Brazil, to the extent that they are sometimes considered one group, the Wayana-Aparai.

Trumai is an endangered language isolate of Brazil. Most Trumai are fluent in languages of wider communication, and children are not learning it well.

Awa Pit, otherwise known as Cuaiquer (Coaiquer, Cuayquer, Kwaiker, Kwayquer, etc.), is a Barbacoan language. Awa Pit is classified by UNESCO as a severely endangered language. The Awa Pit language has a subject–object–verb structure and has adopted the Latin script. Grammatically, Awa Pit uses a characteristic conjunct/disjunct system of verb suffixes for person-marking.

Blanco River Remo is an extinct indigenous language once spoken in the Peruvian Amazon Basin, near the border with Brazil. It was documented by Father Leuque, the first Remo language ever recorded.

Arawá (a.k.a. Aruá) is an extinct language of Brazil. The people were wiped out by introduced measles, and the last speaker died in 1877.  All that survives is a word list from 1869.

Canichana, or Canesi, Joaquiniano, is a possible language isolate of Bolivia (department of Beni). In 1991 there were 500 Canichana people, but only 20 spoke the Canichana language; by 2000 the ethnic population was 583, but the language had no mother tongue speakers left.
It was spoken on the Mamoré River and Machupo River.

Berbice Creole Dutch (also known as Berbice Dutch) is a now extinct Dutch creole language, once spoken in Berbice, a region along the Berbice River in Guyana. It had a lexicon largely based on Dutch and Eastern Ijo varieties from southern Nigeria. In contrast to the widely known Negerhollands Dutch creole spoken in the Virgin Islands, Berbice Creole Dutch and its relative Skepi Creole Dutch were more or less unknown to the outside world until Ian Robertson first reported on the two languages in 1975. The Dutch linguist Silvia Kouwenberg subsequently investigated the creole language, publishing its grammar in 1994, and numerous other works examining its formation and uses.

Maká is a Matacoan language spoken in Argentina and Paraguay by the Maká people. Its 1,500 speakers live primarily in Presidente Hayes Department near the Río Negro, as well as in and around Asunción.

Huambisa, Huambiza, Wambiza, Jíbaro, Xívaro, Wampis, Maina, or Shuar-Huampis is an indigenous language of the Huambisa people of Peru. Spanish colonizers first generated the name Xívaro in the late 16th century as a way of overgeneralizing several ethnicities of similar sociopolitical statuses within the region and referring to them as savages.  It is an established language spoken in the extreme north of Peru. It is closely related to the Achuar-Shiwiar, Shuar, and Aguaruna languages, all of which belong to the Jivaroan language family. It has official standing in the area it is spoken.

Morique (Morike) is an extinct, poorly attested Arawakan language that was spoken between the Ucayali River and Javari River in Peru. It is closely related to Chamicuro.: 145 

Anambé, or more specifically Anambe of Cairari, is a possibly extinct Tupi language spoken in Pará, on the Cairari River in Brazil.  It is being supplanted by Portuguese.

The Sabanê language is one of the three major groups of languages spoken in the Nambikwara family. The groups of people who speak this language were located in the extreme north of the Nambikwara territory in the Rondônia and Mato Grosso states of western Brazil, between the Tenente Marques River and Juruena River. Today, most members of the group are found in the Pyreneus de Souza Indigenous Territory in the state of Rondonia.
Currently, there are less than 5 native speakers of the Sabanê language, with all the speakers being more than 50 years old. With no apparent transmission level, this language is considered as highly endangered when compared to the other two Nambikwara languages which have higher levels of transmission and preservation.

Tiriyó is the Cariban language used in everyday life by the Tiriyó people, the majority of whom are monolingual. Although Tiriyó is the preferred spelling, the Tiriyó refer to themselves as tarëno; other variations, including tarano, tirió, and trio, exist. The Tiriyó are located on both sides of the Brazil-Suriname border in Lowland South America. Because Tiriyó is spoken by the entire Tiriyó population, its level of endangerment is low. However, it may be threatened by the presence of a newly installed radar station staffed by a considerable number of non-Indigenous people close to the main village.
Ewarhuyana, listed in Campbell (2012), is an alternate name for Tiriyó.

Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language (TTSL), sometimes called Trinidadian or Trinbago Sign Language (TSL) is the indigenous deaf sign language of Trinidad and Tobago, originating in about 1943 when the first deaf school opened, the Cascade School for the Deaf. It is not used in deaf education, which has been the domain of American Sign Language since about 1974, when a philosophy of Total Communication replaced previous Oralist approaches. A mixture of TTSL and ASL is used in Deaf associations, with TTSL being used more heavily in informal situations. The younger generation does not know the language well, as they only learn ASL in school, but teachers are starting to switch over to TTSL.
Many people in Trinidad and Tobago use the name Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language to refer to any variety of signing in the islands, which includes a range of signing varieties from TTSL to ASL and various blended versions in-between. Others make a distinction between ASL (or TTASL) and TTSL.

Jandiatuba Mayoruna is an extinct indigenous language of the Brazilian Amazon basin, near the borders of Peru and Colombia.

Yine is the principle variety of Piro, which is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru. It belongs to the Piro group which also includes the nearly extinct Iñapari and Apurinã. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak what may be a dialect of Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). A vocabulary labeled Canamaré is "so close to Piro [Yine] as to count as Piro", but has been a cause of confusion with the unrelated Kanamarí language.

Kanamarí, or Katukina-Kanamari, is a Katukinan language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil.  It is considered endangered.
The two principal varieties, Kanamari (Canamarí) and Katukina (Catuquina), are mutually intelligible, and have both been confused with neighboring languages with the same or similar names.
Synonyms and dialect names include Tshom-djapa, Tsohon-djapa, Wiri-dyapá, Pidá-dyapá, Kutiá-dyapá (Kadiu-diapa, Cutiadapa), Tucun-diapa, Bendiapa, Parawa.

Paresi (also called Haliti-Paresi or Paresi-Haliti by the speakers themselves) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil. There are approximately 2000 Paresi people, and around 1800 (~90% of the population) speak the language. The Paresi live in the state of Mato Grosso, more specifically in nine indigenous territories: Rio Formoso, Utiariti, Estação Parecis, Estivadinho, Pareci, Juininha, Figueira, Ponte de Pedra, and Uirapuru. In terms of endangerment, it is not in immediate danger. It is used in many everyday domains, but there is a lack of transmission to younger generations, as well as an evident language shift to Portuguese. This is a result of Portuguese being used in education and healthcare, as well as the integration of Brazilian culture among the Paresi people, creating changes in their language and cultural practices.

Aʼingae, commonly known as Cofán or Kofán, is the primary language of the Aʼi (Cofán) people, an indigenous group whose ancestral territory lies at the interface between the Andean foothills and Amazonia in the northeast of Ecuador (Sucumbíos province) and southern Colombia (Putumayo & Nariño provinces). Although still robustly learned by children in Ecuadorian communities, it is considered an 'endangered' language with estimates of around 1500 native speakers.

Pimenteira is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language, formerly spoken in Piauí, Brazil. The name 'Pimenteira' is a Portuguese name attributed to the language, and the original name is unknown. It is attested in a wordlist recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1867.

Betoi (Betoy) or Betoi-Jirara is an extinct language of Colombia and Venezuela, south of the Apure River near the modern border with Colombia. The names Betoi and Jirara are those of two of its peoples/dialects; the language proper has no known name. At contact, Betoi was a local lingua franca spoken between the Uribante and Sarare rivers and along the Arauca. Enough was recorded for a brief grammatical monograph to be written.

Mashco Piro is an Arawakan language spoken in Peru, by the Mashco Piro or Nomole (meaning  'brothers' or 'countrymen' in Mashco Piro and Yine). It is also called Cujareño. It is very similar to the Piro (Yine), with an estimated 60% inherent intelligibility. Kaufman considered it a dialect of Piro; Aikhenvald suggests it may rather be a dialect of Iñapari. According to the Yine, the language of the Mashco Piro is more archaic than modern Yine, and is about 80% comprehensible with it.
Language documentation is limited, since the Nomole are highly nomadic hunter-gatherers who avoid contact with outsiders. The name Cujareño has been associated with the Panoan languages, though without much evidence.

Eastern Bolivian Guaraní, known locally as Chawuncu or Chiriguano (pejorative), is a Guaraní language spoken in South America. In Bolivia 33,670 speakers, called the Ava Guaraní people were counted in the year 2000, in the south-central Parapeti River area and in the city of Tarija. In Argentina, there were approximately 15,000 speakers, mostly in Jujuy, but also in Salta Province, and 304 counted in the Paraguayan Chaco.
Avá (Chané, Tapieté) and Izoceño are dialects.
In Argentina it is known as Western Argentine Guaraní, while in Paraguay it is locally known as Ñandeva. However, outside Paraguay and specifically in Brazil, Nhandeva refers to Chiripá Guaraní.
Eastern Bolivian Guaraní is one of a number of "Guaraní dialects" sometimes considered distinct languages. Of these, Paraguayan Guaraní is by far the most important variety and it is often referred to simply as Guaraní.

The Nukak language (Nukak Makú: Guaviare) is a language of uncertain classification, perhaps part of the macrofamily Puinave-Maku. It is very closely related to Kakwa.

Saramaccan (Saamáka) is a creole language spoken by about 58,000 people of West African descent near the Saramacca and the upper Suriname River, as well as in Paramaribo, capital of Suriname (formerly also known as Dutch Guiana). The language also has 25,000 speakers in French Guiana and 8,000 in the Netherlands. It has three main dialects. The speakers are mostly descendants of fugitive slaves who were native to West and Central Africa; they form a group called Saamacca, also spelled Saramaka.
Linguists consider Saramaccan notable because its vocabulary is based on two European source languages, English (30%) and Portuguese (20%), and various West and Central African languages (50%), but it diverges considerably from all of them. The African component accounts for about 50% once ritual use is taken into account, the highest percentage in the Americas. When ritual use is excluded, 35% English-derived, 25% Portuguese-derived, with 35% derived from one or another African language. It is derived from Niger–Congo languages of West Africa, especially Fon and other Gbe languages, as well as Akan and Central African languages such as Kikongo.

Opón (Opone) was an unusually divergent Cariban language of Colombia.

Chácobo-Pakawara is a  Panoan language spoken by about 550 of 860 ethnic tribal Chácobo people of the Beni Department northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia, and (as of 2004) 17 of 50 Pakawara.  Chácobo children are learning the language as a first language, but Pakawara dialect is moribund. Karipuna may have been a variant; alternative names are Jaunavô (Jau-Navo) and Éloe.
Several unattested extinct languages were reported to have been related, perhaps dialects.  These include Capuibo and Sinabo/Shinabo of the Mamoré River.  However, nothing is actually known of these purported languages.

Wariapano (Huariapano), also known as Pano, Panavarro, and Pánobo, is an extinct Panoan language of Peru. 
There are three attested dialects: Shetebo and Piskino, which are no longer in daily use, and Pano itself, which is extinct.

Remo (Rheno) is an extinct indigenous language once spoken along the Môa River of Amazonas, Peru, one of several Panoan languages to go by that name.  It was similar to Amawaka.

Aché, also known as Guayaki, is a Guarani language of Paraguay with three living dialects: Ache gatu, Ache wa, and Ñacunday River Ache. The Ñacunday River dialect has low mutual intelligibility with the other two dialects.

Tuyuca (also Dochkafuara, Tejuca, Tuyuka, Dojkapuara, Doxká-Poárá, Doka-Poara, or Tuiuca) is an Eastern Tucanoan language (similar to Tucano). Tuyuca is spoken by the Tuyuca, an indigenous ethnic group of some 500-1000 people, who inhabit the watershed of the Papuri River, the Inambú River, and the Tiquié River, in Vaupés Department, Colombia, and Amazonas State, Brazil.

Wichí Lhamtés Nocten, or Weenhayek, is a Wichí language primarily spoken in Bolivia, where an estimated 1,810 Wichí people spoke it in 1994. An additional one hundred people spoke the language in Argentina in 1994. In Bolivia, the language is spoken in the north-central Tarija Department, southwest of Pilcomayo River, and in Cordillera de Pirapo. In Argentina, it is spoken in from the northern border south to Tartagal, Salta. The language is also called Mataco, Bolivian, Mataco Nocten, Nocten, Noctenes, Oktenai, and Weenhayek; the last name is used in the Bolivian constitution of 2009.

Xingú Asuriní (Asurini of Xingu) is a Tupi–Guaraní language of the state of Pará, in the Amazon region of Brazil. The entire population speaks the language, and most speakers are monolingual.

Arawak (Arowak, Aruák), also known as Lokono (Lokono Dian, literally "people's talk" by its speakers), is an Arawakan language spoken by the Lokono (Arawak) people of South America in eastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. It is the eponymous language of the Arawakan language family.
Lokono is an active–stative language.

Cuzco Quechua (Quechua: Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru.
It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet. On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.

Cajamarca Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken in the districts of Chetilla, Baños del Inca and Cajamarca (Porcón) in the Peruvian province of Cajamarca, along the northwest coast of Peru.
It was never spoken throughout the Cajamarca Department, where other indigenous languages like Kulyi, Jivaroan, or Mochica were spoken.
Cajamarca Quechua is severely endangered, as hardly any children are now learning it.
Cajamarca Quechua belongs to Quechua II, subgroup Cajamarca–Cañaris (Quechua II a, Yunkay) and is closest to Lambayeque Quechua, with which it has 94% lexical similarity. Félix Quesada published the first grammar and dictionary in 1976.

Puno Quechua, also known as Quechua Collao (Qullaw), is a dialect of the Southern Quechua language, spoken in southern Peru near Bolivia.

Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz is a Mataco-Guaicuru language of Argentina and Bolivia. Speakers are concentrated in northern parts of Chaco, Formosa, Salta, Jujuy Provinces, as well as west of Toba, the upper Bermejo River valley, and Pilcomayo River. The language is also called Mataco Vejoz and Vejos.

Barí is a Chibchan language spoken in Northwestern South America by the Barí (Motilon).

Kuruáya is a nearly extinct Tupian language of the state of Pará, in the Amazon region of Brazil. There is only one fluent speaker of Kuruáya, Odete Iawa, who is in her eighties or nineties or older. She was alive as of August 2020.

Kwaza (also written as Kwazá or Koaiá, Kwaza: Tsẽtsitswa) is an endangered Amazonian language spoken by 25 of the Kwaza people of Brazil. Kwaza is an unclassified language. It has grammatical similarities with neighboring Aikanã and Kanoê, but it is not yet clear if that is due to a genealogical relationship or to contact.

Cawishana (Kawishana, Kayuwishana) is an Arawakan language, nearly extinct, of Brazil. A few speakers were reported in the 1950s, and today, as of 2012, only one person can speak it.

Kogi (Cogui), or Kagaba (Cágaba) (Cogui: Kággaba), is a Chibchan language of Colombia. It forms a separate Arwako branch along with the Iku and Damana languages. The Kogi people are almost entirely monolingual, and maintain the only unconquered Andean civilization.

Nivaclé ([niβaˈk͡le]) is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay and  in Argentina by the Nivaclé. It is also known as Chulupí and Ashluslay, and in older sources has been called Ashluslé, Suhin, Sujín, Chunupí, Churupí, Choropí, and other variant spellings of these names. Nivaclé speakers are found in the Chaco, in Paraguay in Presidente Hayes Department, and Boquerón Department, and in Argentina in Salta Province.
Nivaclé is complex both in its phonology and morphology. Much of what is handled in syntactic constructions in many other languages is signalled in Nivaclé by its rich bound morphology and clitics. Nivaclé has several linguistic traits that are rare elsewhere in the world or even unique.

Yarumá is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language. Kaufman (2007) placed it in his Arara branch, as does Gildea (1998).
According to Carvalho (2020), Yarumá forms part of the Kampot dialect cluster along with Ikpeng, Apiaká do Tocantins, Parirí, and Arára.