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I made this horse puppet for my son because he loves a soft toys. He has his the most beloved rat from Ikea but unfortunatelly it's modern toy not suitable for our medieval reenactment activites.
The shape of horse body is based on clay horses found in a Carmelite friary in Esslingen, Germany and Toy horse from Nuernberg/Nuremburg. In my research I used fabulous web base made by Karen Larsdatter.
The horse is made from strong but light weight unblanched linen, stuffed by linen thread and embroidery decorated. To make a horse mane I used couched stitch-main thread is hemp and couching thread is linen.
Of course the horse is not finished jet, I must decided how to make a tail and other decorations.
I made a tail-it's a simple tassel. My son loves this horse. | fineweb_edu |
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Danger level 6
Type: Trojans
Repter Ransomware
Repter Ransomware uses robust encryption algorithms to encrypt victims’ data and, as a result, make it unreadable. In other words, the malware locks files so that you could not open them. The only way to unlock or decrypt the malware’s affected files and be able to open them again is to use special decryption tools on them. The bad news is that getting such tools could be impossible. Hackers behind the malware might be the only ones who could provide them, but they ask to pay ransom first and there are no guarantees that they will hold to their end of the deal. Thus, we advise against contacting the malicious application’s creators. Also, we highly recommend deleting Repter Ransomware as soon as possible because keeping it on your system could still be dangerous even if it already encrypted your files. To learn more about the threat as well as how to erase it, we encourage you to read the rest of this article.
The most important thing that users who do not want to encounter ransomware ought to know is how threats like Repter Ransomware are spread. The truth is that they can be distributed through various channels. Therefore, users who want to keep away from them must take a few extra precautions. First, we advise ensuring that your computer does not have unsecured Remote Desktop Protocol connections, outdated software, weak passwords, or other weaknesses that could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the system.
Next, users should keep away from unreliable file-sharing websites as they might contain fake updates, malicious game cracks, infected software installers, and other data that could be carrying ransomware or other harmful applications. Users should also watch out for malicious email attachments and links. Hackers may use forged email addresses, reputable companies’ or institutions’ logos, and things alike that might make their emails look legit and harmless. Thus, if you receive any links, inspect them carefully to see where they lead, and if you receive any attachments, scan them with a reliable antimalware tool to make sure that they are not infected.
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There are less than twenty-four hours to go until "CHRONOS" is published. It will be released in a variety of ebook formats, including PDF, ePub, Mobi, TXT and Open Office. There'll also be an HTML version that will be viewable directly from this website.
"CHRONOS" is being released under a Creative Commons licence. That means that none of the electronic formats published will be encumbered with DRM (Digital Rights Management) software. If you read my novel and enjoy it, I hope that you'll pass the story on to your friends and colleagues to enjoy too. DRM would get in the way of that.
I'm releasing the novel in a range of popular ebook formats but there are many others. If I've missed your favourite format, then feel free to go ahead and generate it - the terms of the CC licence allow this.Send it to me and I'll put it up on the website (with an appropriate acknowledgement, of course).
So you have the freedom to copy, distribute and remix my novel as you see fit. All I ask in return is that a) you retain my name in all copies, b) you make only non-commercial use of my work and c) any remixes or transformations are released under the same CC licence.
I'm releasing the ebooks free of charge with the aim of getting them distributed as far and wide as possible. However if you do want to pay me something for the time and effort I've invested into this book then there will be a couple of ways to do this: | fineweb_edu |
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1. You're Giving Off The Wrong Body Language
Even though we worry so much about the words that come out of our mouths, the majority of interpersonal communication is non-verbal. The tone of your voice, the furrow of your eyebrows, your stance, the position and motion of your arms -- all together, these provide people with a ton of information. Stand up straight, grasp their hand firmly, make eye-contact and smile. Poor body language on your part can make somebody else feel unliked or insulted -- be very aware of how you hold yourself around others. You might not even notice yourself doing certain things (crossing your arms, slouching, fidgeting), so you want to start taking note of how you're acting just as much as how they're acting.
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Amber Liu Launches Her Own Korean Language Course In Collaboration With Drops
“I was always stressed out learning Korean.” – Amber
Still struggling to learn your joha from your johahae? Amber Liu of f(x) might have you covered with her brand new digital Korean course.
Language learning has been more popular than ever since pandemic lockdowns began, and for many learners, apps make everything so much easier. One app that’s been gaining a lot of attention lately is Drops. Available on iOS and Android, Drops claims to help users learn languages like Korean in just five minutes a day through “effortless, visual character” study.
Now, they’re partnering with Amber Liu to create an even better experience. On October 6, Drops launched the “Study with Amber” program—a 40-topic curriculum personally curated and voiced by the K-Pop star. Some of the topics Amber chose to feature include K-Pop, K-Drama, and Korean food.
| Drops
The course can be tailored to Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced levels, and everything is taught through quick, entertaining “games”.
Screenshot from “Study with Amber” on Drops | Drops
While some may find it surprising that a non-Korean idol has their own course in the language, who better to partner with Drops than someone who knows what it’s like to learn the language? Taiwanese American Amber had just a year and a half to learn Korean before debuting with f(x), and it wasn’t an easy feat.
Amber joined SM Entertainment in 2008 and debuted with “LA chA TA” in 2009. | SMTOWN/YouTube
I put a lot of pressure on myself, like “why can’t I remember this word? Why can’t I like get the simplest things?”.
— Amber Liu
Speaking on the course, Amber revealed that she was always “stressed out” learning Korean. Drops, she says, makes everything far more fun. Amber went on to explain that making things fun was the way she was able to grasp the language so quickly.
| @ajol_llama/Instagram
I think the reason why I was able to learn Korean so fast was because me and my friends who were not native Korean speakers started making it fun. It became something that was easier to retain rather than studying whole list of words.
— Amber Liu
It’s particularly fitting that Drops is partnering with a K-Pop idol, because the Korean wave is actually part of what’s making the app so popular. According to co-founder and CEO Daniel Farkas, K-Pop enthusiasts have made Korean the most popular language on Drops.
| EU-Startups
Amber Liu is the first celebrate to curate her own course through the app, but Farkas hinted that the approach could be scaled up to more artists and languages if “Study with Amber” gains popularity.
Source: Fast Company | dclm_edu |
# Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part I: basis set derived from gradients of Zernike polynomials
Open Access
## Abstract
Zernike polynomials provide a well known, orthogonal set of scalar functions over a circular domain, and are commonly used to represent wavefront phase or surface irregularity. A related set of orthogonal functions is given here which represent vector quantities, such as mapping distortion or wavefront gradient. These functions are generated from gradients of Zernike polynomials, made orthonormal using the Gram-Schmidt technique. This set provides a complete basis for representing vector fields that can be defined as a gradient of some scalar function. It is then efficient to transform from the coefficients of the vector functions to the scalar Zernike polynomials that represent the function whose gradient was fit. These new vector functions have immediate application for fitting data from a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor or for fitting mapping distortion for optical testing. A subsequent paper gives an additional set of vector functions consisting only of rotational terms with zero divergence. The two sets together provide a complete basis that can represent all vector distributions in a circular domain.
## 1. Introduction
Zernike polynomials are commonly used in optical testing, engineering, and analysis. There are two reasons for this. First of all, Zernike polynomials are orthogonal in a unit circle, which is convenient since many optics are circular in shape. Secondly, the lower order members of Zernike polynomials represent typical optical wavefront aberrations such as power, astigmatism, coma and spherical aberration. Besides direct wavefront measurements, wavefront slopes are often measured as well, e.g. with shearing interferometry , Shack- Hartmann sensors , or a scanning pentaprism test . Various techniques have been developed to convert measured slope data to a wavefront map expressed in terms of Zernike polynomials. Garvrelides developed a set of vector polynomials that are orthogonal to the gradients of Zernike polynomials but not mutually orthogonal. The coefficient for a specific Zernike polynomial representing the wavefront can then be directly calculated from integration of the dot product of the slope and the corresponding vector polynomial. Acosta et al, took a different approach but arrived at similar results. This approach skips the intermediate step of fitting the vector slope data and obtains the wavefront directly. Yet, it is desirable to fit measurement data in the measurement space. In this case, a set of vector polynomials is needed to fit the vector slope data.
Vector polynomials are also used for quantifying mapping distortion, which is important for accurate measurement of optical surfaces and can be severe due to the use of null optics. Typically, polynomial mapping functions are defined and the coefficients are fit to data using least squares techniques. [10, 11]
Although the above problems can be solved using a least squares fit to vector functions that are not orthogonal over the domain, the results are not optimal. The fit to a non-orthogonal basis set can require many more terms than are necessary, and the coefficients themselves may not be meaningful, because the value for any particular coefficients will change as higher order terms are fit. When fitting to real data, the propagation of noise is increased with the use of non-orthogonal basis functions. If the functions are truly orthogonal, the least squares solution is not necessary, coefficients can be determined by a much simpler and computationally efficient inner product. Clearly, an orthonormal basis is desired.
In this paper, we present such a desired set of vector polynomials which are orthonormal in a unit circle. These polynomials are perfect for fitting slope data. Since they are gradients of linear combinations of Zernike polynomials, it is also straightforward to convert the fitted slope map to the wavefront map expressed in terms of Zernike polynomials.
In Section 2, we present the Zernike notations that we adopted from Noll’s landmark paper1 and list the gradients of the Zernikes following the recursion relationships presented there. We then use the Zernike gradients as a basis to obtain an orthonormal set of vector polynomials using the Gram-Schmidt method and present the result in Section 3. The mapping from the orthonormal vector polynomials to gradients of scalar functions represented by standard Zernike polynomials is discussed in Section 4.
The vector set is made complete with the addition of a complementary set of vector polynomials with non-zero curl, as presented in a subsequent paper. The addition of this second set of functions provides a complete basis, capable of representing any vector distribution in the circular domain. Applications of the vector polynomials for fitting the slope data taken from Shack-Hartmann sensors or other slope measurement devices, and in correcting mapping distortions for null tests of aspheric surfaces will be presented in subsequent papers as well.
## 2. Zernike polynomials and their gradients
There are different numbering schemes for Zernike polynomials. In this paper we adopt Noll’s notation and numbering scheme which defines the polynomials in polar coordinates as
$Zevenj=n+1Rnm(r)2cos(mθ)Zoddj=n+1Rnm(r)2sin(mθ)}m≠0$
$Zj=n+1Rn0(r),m=0$
where
$Rnm(r)=∑s=0(n−m)⁄2(−1)s(n−s)!s![(n+m)⁄2−s]![(n−m)⁄2−s]!rn−2s$
j: the general index of Zernike polynomials
n: the power of the radial coordinate r
m: the multiplication factor of the angular coordinate θ
n and m have the following relations: mn and (n - m) is even
The general index j has no physical meaning, while the indices n and m do. For a given j, there is a unique corresponding pair of (n, m), and the parity of j determines the angle dependence of the polynomial. While for a given pair of (n, m), j is ambiguous when m≠0. In some relationships given in the subsequent text, n and m are usually known, but the corresponding j (therefore the sine or cosine angle dependence of the polynomial) depends on other factors. For this reason, we choose to use j(n, m) for the general index of a Zernike polynomial to show that n and m are known and the actual j will be determined by other conditions. The first 37 polynomials of this numbering scheme are listed in the Appendix, where the aforementioned relationship between j and (n, m) can be seen as well.
As the first step toward establishing an orthonormal basis of vector polynomials, we derive the gradients of the Zernike polynomials. We take the gradient of each Zernike polynomial and apply the recursion relationships from Noll to represent the gradients as linear combinations of lower order Zernike polynomials. The first 37 gradient terms are presented in Table 1. These functions provide a complete basis to represent gradients, but they require further manipulation to create an orthonormal set.
Table 1. Gradient of Zernike polynomials
## 3. An orthonormal set of vector polynomials
We use linear combinations of the above terms to create an orthogonal set. We define the inner product of two vector polynomials defined in a unit circle as
$(A→,B→)=1π∬(A→·B→)dxdy$
where the integration is over a unit circle.
The inner product is taken of the above gradient functions, and some results are shown in Table 2 (the table is symmetric about the diagonal, but only non-zero elements under the diagonal are shown). These Zernike gradient polynomials are not orthogonal, as the matrix of inner products listed in Table 2 is not diagonal.
Table 2. List of the inner products of the first 13 Zernike gradients
## 3.1 Orthogonalization of gradient functions
Using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method [13, 14] (general description for the method can be found in Reference 13, and an optical application can be found in Reference 14), we construct a new set of vector polynomials with Zernike gradient polynomials as basis. The gradient of Z1 is zero, therefore it is not used in the construction of the new set. We choose to index the first polynomial of this new set as 2 to maintain its correspondence with Zernike polynomials. The first 36 such polynomials are listed in Table 3.
Table 3. List of first 36 orthonormal vector polynomials Si as functions of Zernike gradients.
In general, the S polynomials can be simply expressed in terms of Zernike gradient polynomials:
For all j with n=m,
$S→j=12n(n+1)∇Zj.$
For all j with nm,
$S→j=14n(n+1)(∇Zj−n+1n−1∇Zj′(n′=n−2,m′=m))$
where j-j′ is even when m≠0.
## 3.3 S as linear combinations of Zernike polynomials
Given that the vector polynomials S are functions of Zernike gradient polynomials and the Zernike gradient polynomials are functions of Zernike polynomials, we can express S in terms of Zernike polynomials as listed in Table 4.
Table 4. List of S polynomials expressed as linear combinations of Zernike polynomials.
For a given S j with corresponding indices j(n, m), we define its x and y components as S jx and S jy, respectively, i.e.
$S→j=îSjx+ĵSjy$
From observation of the first 37 S polynomials, we found that both S jx and S jy are linear combinations of at most two Zernike polynomials with corresponding indices j (n-1,m±1) which may or may not exist binding by the rules nm≥0:
$Sjx=CaZja(n−1,m−1)+Ca′Zja′(n−1,m+1),$
$Sjy=CbZjb(n−1,m−1)+Cb′Zjb′(n−1,m+1).$
For a given j(n, m), a set of rules can be used to determine all the parameters in Eq. (7) to express S j as linear combinations of Zernike polynomials. These rules are summarized in Table 5. These rules are useful for obtaining analytical expression of any S polynomial by programming. They are complex since we have to deal with different cases of j, n and m combinations. The complexity mostly comes from the numbering scheme. In Noll’s numbering scheme, even j correspond to cosine angle terms and odd j to sine angle terms and these terms swap order each time after an m=0 term. The rules will be simpler if we just use the sine/cosine dependence of the terms. Basically, if an S polynomial has the same j index of a Zernike polynomial, its x-component is the linear combination of the Zernikes with same sine or cosine angle dependence, and the y-component has the opposite angle dependence. For example, for S 32, the corresponding Z 32 has cosine angle dependence, so the x-component of S 32 has Z24 and Z26 terms which both have cosine angle dependence, while the y-component of S 32 has Z23 and Z25 terms which both have sine angle dependence.
Table 5. The rules for writing S in terms of linear combinations of Zernikes.
## 3.4 Plots of vector polynomial functions
The plots of first 12 S vector polynomials are shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Plots of first 12 S polynomials in a unit circle.
## 4. Relating the vector polynomials to gradients of scalar functions
The set of S polynomials fully spans the space of vector distributions V⃗(x, y) over the unit circle where a scalar function Φ(x,y) exists such that V⃗(x,y)=∇Φ(x,y). It is useful to represent the vector data using the vector polynomials S and relate to a scalar functions ϕ that are defined as Si=∇ϕ i.
Applying the rules listed in (4) and (5), the scalar functions can be calculated as
For all j with n=m,
$ϕj=12n(n+1)Zj.$
For all j with nm,
$ϕj=14n(n+1)(Zj−n+1n−1Zj′(n′=n−2,m′=m)),$
where j-j is even when m≠0.
These relationships match those demonstrated for the vector functions listed in Table 3. For example, $S→7=148(∇Z7−2∇Z3)$, which leads $ϕ7=148(Z7−2Z3)$.
Applying these relations, the vector data V⃗(x,y) is decomposed into a linear combination of the orthonormal S polynomials as
$V→=∑αiS→i.$
Using the definitions of the scalar functions Φ and ϕ i(V⃗=∇Φ, Si=∇ϕ i), we have
$Φ=∑αiϕi,$
where the coefficients α i were found from the vector decomposition in Eq. (10). Then the scalar function Φ can in turn be represented as linear combinations of standard Zernike polynomials:
$Φ=∑αiϕi=∑γiZi$
The coefficients of these standard Zernike polynomials can be found by
$γj=αj(n,m)2n(n+1)n=m$
$γj=αj(n,m)4n(n+1)−αj′(n+2,m)4(n+1)(n+2)n≠m$
where j-j is even when m≠0.
This procedure is useful for applications such as processing data from a Shack Hartmann sensor. The centroid data, which is proportional to wavefront slopes, can be fit to the vector S polynomials to give a set of coefficients α i. These are converted directly to a standard Zernike polynomial representation of the wavefront, with coefficients γ i.
A reverse problem is: given a scalar function Φ and its Zernike decomposition coefficients γ i, we can find α i from Eq. (13). When Φ is a wavefront, the rms spot radius is $r=2f(∑αi2)$, where f is the system F number.
## 5. Summary
We derived an orthonormal set of vector polynomials in a unit circle. It has many potential applications, one of which is fitting slope data in optical testing. These polynomials are linear combinations of at most two Zernike polynomial’s gradients. They can be expressed as linear combinations of at most four scalar Zernike polynomials as well. After wavefront slope data, e.g. data taken with a Shack-Hartmann sensor, is fit with the vector polynomials, it is straightforward to convert the fitted slope map to the wavefront map expressed in terms of Zernike polynomials.
## Appendix:
The first 37 Zernike polynomials according to Noll’s numbering:
1. R. J. Noll, “Zernike polynomials and atmospheric turbulence,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 207–211 (1976). [CrossRef]
2. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, (Pergamon Press, 1980) pg. 464–468.
4. G. Harbers, P. J. Kunst, and G. W. R. Leibbrandt, “Analysis of lateral shearing interferograms by use of Zernike polynomials,” Appl. Opt. 35, 6162–6172 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. R. G. Lane and M. Tallon, “Wave-front reconstruction using a Shack-Hartmann sensor,” Appl. Opt. 31, 6902–6907 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007). [CrossRef]
7. A. Gavrielides, “Vector polynomials orthogonal to the gradient of Zernike polynomials,” Opt. Lett , 7, 526–528 (1982). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. E. Acosta, S. Bara, M. A. Rama, and S. Rios, “Determination of phase mode components in terms of local wave-front slopes: an analytical approach,” Opt. Lett. 20, 1083–1085 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. P. E. Murphy, T. G. Brown, and D. T. Moore, “Interference imaging for aspheric surface testing,” Appl. Opt. 39, 2122–2129 (2000). [CrossRef]
10. J. H. Burge, Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes, Ph. D. Dissertation, Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (1993).
11. DurangoTM Interferometry Software, Diffraction International, Minnetonka, MN.
12. C. Zhao and J. H. Burge, “Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set,” to be submitted to Optics Express (2007).
13. T. M. Apostol, Linear Algebra: A First Course, with Applications to Differential Equations (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), Page 111–114.
14. R. Upton and B. Ellerbroek, “Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of the Zernike polynomials on apertures of arbitrary shape,” Opt. Lett. 29, 2840–2842 (2004). [CrossRef]
### References
• View by:
1. R. J. Noll, “Zernike polynomials and atmospheric turbulence,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 207–211 (1976).
[Crossref]
2. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, (Pergamon Press, 1980) pg. 464–468.
3. See http://wyant.opt-sci.arizona.edu/zernikes/zernikes.htm.
4. G. Harbers, P. J. Kunst, and G. W. R. Leibbrandt, “Analysis of lateral shearing interferograms by use of Zernike polynomials,” Appl. Opt. 35, 6162–6172 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
5. R. G. Lane and M. Tallon, “Wave-front reconstruction using a Shack-Hartmann sensor,” Appl. Opt. 31, 6902–6907 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
6. P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007).
[Crossref]
7. A. Gavrielides, “Vector polynomials orthogonal to the gradient of Zernike polynomials,” Opt. Lett, 7, 526–528 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
8. E. Acosta, S. Bara, M. A. Rama, and S. Rios, “Determination of phase mode components in terms of local wave-front slopes: an analytical approach,” Opt. Lett. 20, 1083–1085 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
9. P. E. Murphy, T. G. Brown, and D. T. Moore, “Interference imaging for aspheric surface testing,” Appl. Opt. 39, 2122–2129 (2000).
[Crossref]
10. J. H. Burge, Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes, Ph. D. Dissertation, Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (1993).
11. DurangoTM Interferometry Software, Diffraction International, Minnetonka, MN.
12. C. Zhao and J. H. Burge, “Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set,” to be submitted to Optics Express (2007).
13. T. M. Apostol, Linear Algebra: A First Course, with Applications to Differential Equations (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), Page 111–114.
14. R. Upton and B. Ellerbroek, “Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of the Zernike polynomials on apertures of arbitrary shape,” Opt. Lett. 29, 2840–2842 (2004).
[Crossref]
#### 2007 (2)
P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007).
[Crossref]
C. Zhao and J. H. Burge, “Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set,” to be submitted to Optics Express (2007).
#### 1982 (1)
A. Gavrielides, “Vector polynomials orthogonal to the gradient of Zernike polynomials,” Opt. Lett, 7, 526–528 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
#### Apostol, T. M.
T. M. Apostol, Linear Algebra: A First Course, with Applications to Differential Equations (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), Page 111–114.
#### Born, M.
M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, (Pergamon Press, 1980) pg. 464–468.
#### Burge, J. H.
C. Zhao and J. H. Burge, “Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set,” to be submitted to Optics Express (2007).
P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007).
[Crossref]
J. H. Burge, Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes, Ph. D. Dissertation, Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (1993).
#### Gavrielides, A.
A. Gavrielides, “Vector polynomials orthogonal to the gradient of Zernike polynomials,” Opt. Lett, 7, 526–528 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
#### Mallik, P. C. V.
P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007).
[Crossref]
#### Wolf, E.
M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, (Pergamon Press, 1980) pg. 464–468.
#### Zhao, C.
P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007).
[Crossref]
C. Zhao and J. H. Burge, “Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set,” to be submitted to Optics Express (2007).
#### Opt. Eng. (1)
P. C. V. Mallik, C. Zhao, and J. H. Burge, “Measurement of a 2-meter flat using a pentaprism scanning system,” Opt. Eng. 46, 023602 (2007).
[Crossref]
#### Opt. Lett (1)
A. Gavrielides, “Vector polynomials orthogonal to the gradient of Zernike polynomials,” Opt. Lett, 7, 526–528 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
#### Other (6)
M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, (Pergamon Press, 1980) pg. 464–468.
See http://wyant.opt-sci.arizona.edu/zernikes/zernikes.htm.
J. H. Burge, Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes, Ph. D. Dissertation, Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (1993).
DurangoTM Interferometry Software, Diffraction International, Minnetonka, MN.
C. Zhao and J. H. Burge, “Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : completing the basis set,” to be submitted to Optics Express (2007).
T. M. Apostol, Linear Algebra: A First Course, with Applications to Differential Equations (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), Page 111–114.
### Cited By
Optica participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from Optica Publishing Group journals and other participating publishers are listed here.
### Tables (7)
Table 1. Gradient of Zernike polynomials
Table 2. List of the inner products of the first 13 Zernike gradients
Table 3. List of first 36 orthonormal vector polynomials S i as functions of Zernike gradients.
Table 4. List of S polynomials expressed as linear combinations of Zernike polynomials.
Table 5. The rules for writing S in terms of linear combinations of Zernikes.
Table 6. Plots of first 12 S polynomials in a unit circle.
Table 7 The first 37 Zernike polynomials according to Noll’s numbering:
### Equations (16)
$Z even j = n + 1 R n m ( r ) 2 cos ( m θ ) Z odd j = n + 1 R n m ( r ) 2 sin ( m θ ) } m ≠ 0$
$Z j = n + 1 R n 0 ( r ) , m = 0$
$R n m ( r ) = ∑ s = 0 ( n − m ) ⁄ 2 ( − 1 ) s ( n − s ) ! s ! [ ( n + m ) ⁄ 2 − s ] ! [ ( n − m ) ⁄ 2 − s ] ! r n − 2 s$
$( A → , B → ) = 1 π ∬ ( A → · B → ) dx dy$
$S → j = 1 2 n ( n + 1 ) ∇ Z j .$
$S → j = 1 4 n ( n + 1 ) ( ∇ Z j − n + 1 n − 1 ∇ Z j ′ ( n ′ = n − 2 , m ′ = m ) )$
$S → j = i ̂ S jx + j ̂ S jy$
$S jx = C a Z ja ( n − 1 , m − 1 ) + C a ′ Z ja ′ ( n − 1 , m + 1 ) ,$
$S jy = C b Z jb ( n − 1 , m − 1 ) + C b ′ Z jb ′ ( n − 1 , m + 1 ) .$
$ϕ j = 1 2 n ( n + 1 ) Z j .$
$ϕ j = 1 4 n ( n + 1 ) ( Z j − n + 1 n − 1 Z j ′ ( n ′ = n − 2 , m ′ = m ) ) ,$
$V → = ∑ α i S → i .$
$Φ = ∑ α i ϕ i ,$
$Φ = ∑ α i ϕ i = ∑ γ i Z i$
$γ j = α j ( n , m ) 2 n ( n + 1 ) n = m$
$γ j = α j ( n , m ) 4 n ( n + 1 ) − α j ′ ( n + 2 , m ) 4 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) n ≠ m$
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Immigrants who were afraid of applying for food stamps, medical care, and most other benefits under the Trump administration should go ahead and do so now. The Biden administration requested that the U.S. Supreme Court dismiss the public charge rule changes proposed by the Trump administration, and the court has done so.
Many immigrants refrained from applying for food stamps, medical care, and other benefits during the Trump presidency because they were concerned that their applications would negatively impact their immigration status. This was actually never really a danger for most immigrants in Maine. However, the anti-immigrant rhetoric and policies of that administration made people afraid. The public charge rules have returned to pre-Trump levels. | dclm_edu |
26 Feb 2020, 10AM
Pest Control and Home cleanup Before Diwali in Bangalore with contact2me.in
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Diwali is around the corner. we've usually seen individuals obtaining pest control & Home cleanup before each Diwali. we tend to typically marvel why?
In Republic of India individuals visit every other's homes throughout this festal season. nobody would like to travel to a neighbour's house jam-packed with spiders or a house full of bed bugs. there's nothing scarier than moving into the remainder space that encompasses a roach or a lizard observing you. Imagine you're sitting on seat|a settee} at your friend's house and you have got a sense that a mouse has simply crossed over your foot and is concealing right below the sofa. you cannot even sip the tea peacefully and act unremarkably. Or imagine once you ar walking through you hear a creaky sound from the picket floor that had been [*fr1] chewed by the termites. however still we have not found sturdy logic why perpetually before Diwali and not alternative festivals.
Diwali is well known shortly when the monsoon ends. With all the cool weather and happiness that monsoon brings on, there comes countless germs, insects and diseases additionally. conjointly throughout Diwali, there are giant scale preparations of delicacies which invitations legion pests. whereas we tend to fancy it as "Festival" the pests equally fancy it as their "Pestival". thus in truth all those health risks that are brought by monsoon ar neutral with our age previous traditions of thorough pest control of homes.
Often individuals get stunned once I say pest control at the side of cleanup has been the tradition since history. They raise - "Are you serious"? cleanup I perceive however however on the planet they got pest control services in past times? It's a tremendous incontrovertible fact that each Hindu tradition has valid scientific & logical reason behind it.
Well! the traditional Indian observe of applying a skinny paste manufactured from cow dung, Gangajal, clay and cow excretion, served as a disinfectant, and "Environment Friendly Pesticide". This was a awfully scientific approach of pest control as a result of the scrap has phage a deadly disease that infects and replicates inside a microorganism. UN agency and plenty of alternative purported world establishments have recognized the traditional Indian observe. Search on Google and Wikipedia and you'll notice ample proof.
How to set about Pest Control?
Pest control makes certain all the germs and infestation that monsoons brought with them get eradicated. cleanup at the side of painting and sprucing make sure that there are not any cracks and crevices left on the wall and furnishings to permit them to breed, harbor and multiply more.
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1. What If solely cleanup is finished and pest control Services left?
Effective pest control needs legion trained mind, expertise and resources to tackle them. As you recognize pests even have brains and that they ar clever and good. you'll} clean physical dirt however pests will like a shot get into concealing in cracks and crevices. and therefore the next day, you'll once more notice their feces, hairs, grease marks etc. So, simply cleanup and avoiding pest control would be an enormous mistake.
2. What if pest control is finished however cleanup not done?
A professional cleanup includes removal of not simply mud particles however cleanup of grease and slime material, food residues, pest feces, clogged voidance etc. it's necessary that pest don't notice their food and water. A square away is truly a hostile condition for pests. no one whether or not human or pest needs to arrive as guest to a hostile atmosphere. If they are doing not notice entry door, food and shelter then for certain at such place they'd not wish to keep. more breeding of pest is additionally inconceivable in such a hostile condition.
Get Free Best Price Quotes Pest Control in Bangalore, Save Money And Time @ Contact2Me.in.
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import Card, { CardNumberMap, SuitType } from './Card'
import Notifier from './Notifier'
import { CountingSystem } from './CountingSystem'
import { randomizeBetween } from './Utility'
type RCObjectType = {[key: string]: CountingSystem | number}
type setRCType = RCObjectType | boolean
type deckConstructorType = { cards?: Card[] | number, setRC?: setRCType }
type shoeConstructorType = { deck?: number, cards?: Card[] | number, setRC?: setRCType }
const ShuffleType = {
RNG: 'RNG Shuffle',
Riffle: 'Riffle Shuffle',
Mimic: 'Mimic Shuffle Flow'
}
interface CardStateLog {
action: string
state: Card[]
changes?: any
}
export interface CardCollectionInterface {
cards: Card[];
pastCardState: Array<CardStateLog>;
get: () => Card[];
deal: () => Card|undefined;
clone: () => CardCollectionInterface;
count: () => number;
saveCardState: (action: string, changes?: any) => void;
shuffle: (repeat?: number) => CardCollectionInterface;
setShuffleMethod: (shuffle: string, options?: number) => CardCollectionInterface;
setShuffleIteration: (iteration: number) => CardCollectionInterface;
getCardsRemaining: (cardList?: Card[]) => number;
getCards: (cardList: Card[] | Card, matchSuit: boolean) => Card[] | boolean;
addCard: (card: Card | Card[]) => CardCollectionInterface;
removeCards: (card: Card | number, matchSuit: boolean) => Card[] | boolean;
createCard: (representation: number, deck: number) => Card;
generateDecks: (deck: number) => Card[];
generateCardList: (numCards: number, deck: number, setRC: setRCType ) => Card[];
}
class CardCollection implements CardCollectionInterface {
cards: Card[] = []
pastCardState: Array<CardStateLog> = [] //stores the previous card ordering. index 0 = most recent
private shuffleIteration: number = 2
private doShuffle: () => CardCollectionInterface
constructor(cards?: Card[]) {
this.cards = cards ? cards : []
this.doShuffle = this.rngShuffle.bind(this, this.shuffleIteration)
}
get() {
return this.cards
}
deal() {
let dealtCard = this.cards.shift()
if (!dealtCard) {
Notifier.error('Ran out of cards to dealt')
}
return dealtCard
}
clone() {
return new CardCollection(this.cards)
}
count() {
return this.cards.length
}
saveCardState(action: string, changes?: any) {
let stateLog: CardStateLog = {
action,
state: this.cards,
changes
}
this.pastCardState.unshift(stateLog)
}
shuffle(repeat?: number) {
this.saveCardState('Shuffle')
if (repeat) {
this.setShuffleIteration(repeat)
}
return this.doShuffle()
}
setShuffleMethod(shuffle: string, options?: number) {
if (ShuffleType.RNG == shuffle) {
Notifier.notify(`Shuffling method set to: ${shuffle} with intensity ${options ? options : '"default"'}`)
this.doShuffle = this.rngShuffle.bind(this, this.shuffleIteration, options)
} else if (ShuffleType.Riffle == shuffle) {
Notifier.notify(`Shuffling method set to: ${shuffle}`)
this.doShuffle = this.riffle.bind(this, this.shuffleIteration)
} else if (ShuffleType.Mimic == shuffle) {
Notifier.notify(`Shuffling method set to: ${shuffle}`)
this.doShuffle = this.mimicShufflePattern.bind(this, this.shuffleIteration)
} else {
Notifier.warn(`Unknown shuffling method. Shuffling method set to: ${ShuffleType.RNG} with intensity "default"`)
this.doShuffle = this.rngShuffle.bind(this, this.shuffleIteration, options)
}
return this
}
setShuffleIteration(iteration: number) {
iteration = iteration > 0 ? iteration : 2
this.shuffleIteration = iteration
return this
}
getCardsRemaining(cardList?: Card[]) {
cardList = cardList ? cardList : this.cards
return cardList.length
}
getCards(cardList: Card[] | Card, matchSuit: boolean = false) {
cardList = (Array.isArray(cardList)) ? cardList : [cardList]
let searchList = cardList as Card[]
let comparator = matchSuit ?
(card: Card, searchCard: Card) => searchCard.getKey() == card.getKey() && searchCard.getSuit() == card.getSuit()
:
(card: Card, searchCard: Card) => searchCard.getKey() == card.getKey()
let foundCards = this.cards.filter( c => {
let found = searchList.filter(s => {
return comparator(c, s)
});
return found.length > 0
})
if (foundCards.length > 0) {
return foundCards
} else {
Notifier.notify('No card found')
return false
}
}
addCard(card: Card | Card[]) {
this.saveCardState('Add Cards', card)
this.cards.concat(card)
return this
}
//Removes all matched cards
removeCards(card: Card | number, matchSuit: boolean = false) {
if (typeof card == 'number') {
if (typeof this.cards[card] != 'undefined') {
this.saveCardState('Remove Cards', [this.cards[card]])
let removed = this.cards.splice(card, 1)
return removed
}
else {
Notifier.error('Invalid index')
return false
}
}
else {
let comparator = matchSuit ?
(card: Card, searchCard: Card) => searchCard.getKey() == card.getKey() && searchCard.getSuit() == card.getSuit()
:
(card: Card, searchCard: Card) => searchCard.getKey() == card.getKey()
let removedCards: Card[] = []
let newCardList = this.cards.filter( c => {
if (comparator(c, card)) {
//this is the card to remove, so return false
removedCards.push(c)
return false
} else {
return true
}
})
if (removedCards.length > 0) {
this.saveCardState('Remove Cards', removedCards)
this.cards = newCardList
return removedCards
} else {
Notifier.notify('Cannot find specified cards to remove')
return false
}
}
}
createCard(representation: number, deck: number = 1) {
// deck means the # of decks
// representation means the index value (1-indexed) when cards are ordered in
// A (all suits), 2 (all suits), 3, 4, 5, ..., K (all suits)
// i.e for 1 deck it would be
// [A (spades), A (hearts), A (diamonds), A (clubs), 2(spades), 2 (hearts), 2 (diamonds), 2 (clubs), ...]
// The corresponding values would be
// [1 (represents A of spades), 2 (represents A of hearts), 3 (represents A of diamonds), 4 (represents A of clubs), ...]
//
// For two decks it would be
// [1 (represents A of spades for deck 1), 2 (represents A of hearts for deck 1), 3 (represents A of diamonds for deck 1), 4 (represents A of clubs for deck 1),
// 5 (represents A of spades for deck 2), 6 (represents A of hearts for deck 2), 7 (represents A of diamonds for deck 2), 8 (represents A of clubs for deck 2), ...]
let cardIndex = representation % 4;
let suit = SuitType.None;
if (cardIndex == 0) {
suit = SuitType.Spades
} else if (cardIndex == 1) {
suit = SuitType.Hearts
} else if (cardIndex == 2) {
suit = SuitType.Diamonds
} else if (cardIndex == 3) {
suit = SuitType.Clubs
}
let cardKey = CardNumberMap[Math.ceil(representation / (4*deck))]
return new Card(cardKey, suit)
}
generateDecks(deck: number = 1) {
deck = deck < 1 ? 1 : deck
let cardList : Card[] = []
for (let i = 1; i <= 52*deck; i++) {
cardList.push(this.createCard(i, deck))
}
return cardList
}
generateCardList(numCards: number, deck: number = 1, setRC: setRCType = false ) {
let cardList: Card[] = []
deck = deck >= 1 ? deck : 1
numCards = numCards < 1 ? 52 : numCards
numCards = numCards > 52*deck ? 52*deck : numCards
if (setRC === false) {
//Determine which logic to use for performance
if ( numCards/(52*deck) >= 0.6 ) {
//Faster to remove the cards
// console.log('Create cards by creating complete deck then removing random cards')
let completeCardList: Card[] = this.generateDecks(deck)
let totalCards = completeCardList.length
//Start removing card until only numCards left
let removedList = []
for (let i = 1; i <= totalCards - numCards; i++) {
let randomIndex = randomizeBetween(0, 52*deck-1)
while (removedList.indexOf(randomIndex) > -1) {
randomIndex = randomizeBetween(0, 52*deck-1)
}
removedList.push(randomIndex)
delete completeCardList[randomIndex]
}
cardList = completeCardList.filter(val => val)
} else {
//Faster to generate the cards
// console.log('Create cards by creating random cards')
let createdCards:number[] = []
for (let i = 1; i <= numCards; i++) {
let represenationValue = randomizeBetween(1, 52*deck)
while (createdCards.indexOf(represenationValue) > -1) {
represenationValue = randomizeBetween(1, 52*deck)
}
createdCards.push(represenationValue)
}
cardList = createdCards.map( presentationVal => this.createCard(presentationVal, deck))
}
} else {
//NOT AVAILABLE ATM
Notifier.warn('This functionality is WIP')
cardList = this.generateDecks()
//NOT AVAILABLE ATM
}
return cardList
}
private rngShuffle(repeat: number, intensity?: number) {
// intensity means how many swaps to do (1 swap is 1 card switch position with another card)
// default intensity is # of cards * 3
// This is purely shuffling by RNG, does not mimic human shuffling
// This may be what machine shuffling does for 2 decks
let shuffling : Card[] = this.cards.map( c => Object.assign({}, c))
intensity = intensity && intensity > 0 ? intensity : shuffling.length*3
for (let iter = 0; iter < repeat; iter++) {
for (let i = 0; i < intensity; i++) {
let randomized1 = randomizeBetween(0, shuffling.length-1)
let randomized2 = randomizeBetween(0, shuffling.length-1)
while (randomized2 === randomized1) {
randomized2 = randomizeBetween(0, shuffling.length-1)
}
let swapped: Card = shuffling[randomized1]
shuffling[randomized1] = shuffling[randomized2]
shuffling[randomized2] = swapped;
}
}
this.cards = shuffling
return this
}
private riffle(repeat: number) {
//This mimics the riffle (common) shuffling method with introduced roughness to simulate human riffle shuffle
Notifier.warn(`Riffle Shuffle is WIP`)
return this
}
private mimicShufflePattern(repeat: number = 2, decks: number = 6) {
// NOTE: RANDOMNESS IS KEY HERE. DO NOT CODE SO IT HAS PRECISE SHUFFLING
// Can try to mimic the shuffling flow for 6 or 8 decks
// 1) Need to cut off last % (1-penetration), split that into ROUGHLY 3 parts
// 2) Insert those 3 parts in ROUGHLY even spread into the remaining stack [name = whole stack ]
// 3) Split the whole stack into ROUGHLY 2 halves [names = 1st half, 2nd half]
// 4) Take ROUGHLY 33% from 1st half and 2 half, and call shuffle fn [names = shuffled1, shuffled2]
// 5) Stack from bottom to top: shuffled1, shuffled2, shuffled3
// 6) Repeat step 3 - 5 for n times
// 7) Done
Notifier.warn(`Mimic Shuffle Flow is WIP`)
return this
}
}
class Deck extends CardCollection implements CardCollectionInterface {
constructor({ cards, setRC = false } : deckConstructorType = {}) {
super()
if (cards) {
this.cards = Array.isArray(cards) ? cards as Card[] : this.generateCardList(cards as number, 1, setRC)
} else {
//generate standard deck
this.cards = this.generateDecks(1)
}
}
clone() {
return new Deck({cards: this.cards})
}
}
class Shoe extends CardCollection implements CardCollectionInterface {
protected deck: number;
constructor({ cards, deck = 2, setRC = false } : shoeConstructorType = {}) {
super()
this.deck = deck < 1 ? 2 : deck //default to 2 decks if invalid
if (cards) {
this.cards = Array.isArray(cards) ? cards as Card[] : this.generateCardList(cards as number, this.deck, setRC)
} else {
//generate standard shoe with specified decks
this.cards = this.generateDecks(this.deck)
}
}
clone() {
return new Shoe({cards: this.cards, deck: this.deck})
}
}
export { Deck, Shoe, ShuffleType }
export default CardCollection | stack_edu |
Photo Attorney
Jan 19, 2007
Antitrust Activity and Price Fixing by Photographers
Many photographers are unsure about how to price their goods and services, so they often will check with others to see how they do it. They sometimes will solicit this information on web forums only to be told that activity is illegal. But is it? It depends.
Asking other photographers what they charge for their services is not illegal. Making an agreement with other photographers about what to charge likely would violate restraint of trade laws. Your words or even your actions can comprise an agreement.
Most states have restraint of trade laws that prohibit price fixing. Federal laws are known as antitrust laws or the "Sherman Act and Clayton Act." And most laws, state and federal, make price fixing a crime. A lot of people have gone to jail for this. The problem arises because the first step in making price fixing agreements among competitors is exchanging information about prices. It is the second step that kills you. So you need to ask yourself, "Why do you want to know what your competition is charging?"
For example, if you continually ask other photographers what they charge and then adjust your pricing to match theirs, your conduct probably is illegal. A photography organization that conducts a survey of pricing and then posts the results or "average" along with even a subtle suggestion that this is the price to charge might be deemed to have conducted illegal activity. If you ask others what they charge so that you don't price yourself out of the market or charge too little, then you probably aren't breaking the law. But it's best to check your competitors' pricing rarely and not automatically use it as an excuse to change your prices to match theirs. When you are asked what you charge, give ball park approximations rather than exact numbers.
In reality, the photography industry is competitive and it would be difficult to fix prices. But whatever you do, it's best to stay under the radar of the U.S. Justice Department.
Take my advice; get professional help.
Technorati Tags: , | dclm_edu |
The plan was that we'd spend the night with the trail angels in Old Station and get out early in the morning. Thinking about the exposed, hot, dry, 30-mile long waterless stretch ahead, we decided to leave in the afternoon so we could be in the shade during the hot part of the day, and on the rim itself during the cool part of the day. Right after breakfast, Sweet 16 got a terrible stomachache, followed quickly by diarrhea. As the day progressed, Microburst and I started feeling sick too. This morning, Micro and I came down with the shits too. So we delayed our departure until this afternoon, when all three of us felt good again. What happened? Was it food poisoning? Hand washing? Bad water? Whatever happened, I'm glad the effects hit while we were in town, and it was convenient if we all were to get it that it was pretty much at the same time.
We spent long enough hanging around Hiker Hideaway feeling poorly for me to get really annoyed by many people. All of them are really nice, well-intentioned people, which makes me feel like a horrible person that they get on my nerves and I don't like them. I found myself doing very unflattering, mocking impersonations of a middle-aged woman with romantic troubles, dedicating herself to helping make hikers happy. She doesn't deserve that kind of mockery, no matter how she walks, talks, smacks her gums, or dresses! I also wanted to take the cute, nice, and smart girlfriend of an attractive but really obnoxious hiker aside and say, "I don't care how hard it is to find a decent guy in New York, you can do way better than him!
Before heading up to Hat Creek Rim, we went through the Subway Caves, which are something like the biggest lava tubes (in the world? this side of Quincy?). They were cool. Once we got down into them, we started hearing a faint but growing high-pitched whistling, which slowly changed until we realized Jaybird, Paul, and Gnar were probably having fun with the accoustics of the cave. It ended when it seemed like the cave was an enormous didgeridoo. 16 and I had the foresight to pull out our headlamps, but Micro had figured she'd just mooch off of our illumination. Finally, not having her own light was driving her nuts, so she stopped to tear through her pack for the lamp at the bottom, a lengthy process. The next corner we rounded we saw daylight.
At dinner, Micro saw the first glimpse of Shasta and pointed it out. Since we'll be seeing it for the next 13 or so days and I was digging through my own pack, I drily joked, "I refuse to look at it as long as I can avoid it, I'll be seeing it so much it'll drive me crazy as we walk SOUTH around it." She thought I was serious and told me I was being stupid. It did look very nice at sunset, with all the layers of mountains taking on different hazy shades of blue and purple under an orange, pink, and yellow sky, framed with the black silhouettes of ponderosa pine. | fineweb_edu |
SpaceX Nails Third At-Sea Landing In A Row With Falcon 9 Rocket
spacex launch
SpaceX is just making this look way too easy now. Yesterday, the company landed yet another Falcon 9 rocket successfully on its floating “drone ship” in the Atlantic Ocean. This was the third straight “at sea” landing and the fourth overall successful landing for SpaceX (the first occurred on a landing pad at Cape Canaveral back in December).
The primary mission of SpaceX’s launch was to deliver the THAICOM 8 commercial satellite into a supersynchronous transfer orbit. The satellite will eventually be “reduced” to a circular geostationary orbit of about 35,800 kilometers. THAICOM 8 weighs approximately 3,000 kg and has been designed to last at least 15 years.
After successfully completing its primary mission, the Falcon 9 began its descent back to earth, and we must give some props to SpaceX for actually providing us onboard footage of the landing (Blue Origin provided similar footage for its most recent landing). Check out the amazing footage below:
While the landing was a success, the Falcon 9 rocket was pushed to the edge with regards to its design limits. As a result, it’ll be a huge accomplishment if it makes it back to port in one piece according to SpaceX CEO Elon Musk:
With that being said, SpaceX has proven time and time again that it has a pretty good handle on “sticking the landing” with Falcon 9. What SpaceX really needs to prove now is that it can refurbish these rockets so that they’re capable of returning to space in subsequent missions. After all, that’s the endgame for SpaceX in its efforts to help reduce the cost of sending cargo, and eventually humans into space.
Besides, SpaceX is already running out of space in its Cape Canaveral hanger to store all of these Falcon 9 rockets
space x falcon9 2
Via: SpaceX
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Is the BB84 protocol an example of "quantum supremacy"?
This is a fairly broad question, I hope it fits here. I am wondering if the BB84 protocol is an example of "quantum supremacy", ie. something a quantum computer can do but something that is assumed a classical computer cannot do the equivalent of. Are there any classical algorithms that can allow for the equivalent of secure key distribution as accomplished through BB84, with unconditional security proof? If not, what would it mean if there did exist such protocol?
Posted 2020-05-22T20:05:02.517
Reputation: 177
This is an interesting question that reflects a conflation of some concepts in quantum information sciences. TL/DR - there is no task in BB84 that corresponds to what we when we speak of quantum computation, so BB84 is not evidence of what researchers mean when they speak of "quantum supremacy". But historians will likely still consider the initial hardware implementing BB84 as a sort of quantum advantage, in much the same way that the "Enigma" machine is a bit of a precursor to an (electronic) computer.
In more detail, lately there's been a push to ask for and discuss evidence of "quantum computational supremacy", with an emphasis on "computation". Adding the word "computational" into the phrase is seen as a means to move away from the loaded phrase "quantum supremacy."
However, this also helps to emphasize that quantum computers may do computational tasks much faster than classical computers. Indeed, this appears to be the sense in to which Preskill referred when coining the phrase.
That is, a key aspect of a programmable quantum computer is the ability to fully explore much of the Hilbert space afforded it. This means that a programmable quantum computer having $n$ qubits can prepare the qubits into a superposition in a Hilbert space of dimension $2^n$ - e.g., exponential in the number of qubits.
Turning to BB84, the BB84 scheme in quantum cryptography does not use any entanglement, and Alice and Bob (and Eve) only work on product states of the $n$ photons traded therebetween. The dimension of their Hilbert space only grows linearly with the length of the secret key. There is no computation in the BB84 quantum key exchange. Similarly, although E92 uses entangled Bell pairs, the Hilbert space dimension of E92 still only grows linearly with the number of qubits exchanged.
The information-theoretical security of BB84 is contingent on the uncertainty principle - which can be recast as a purely classical phenomenon. However, that's not to say that BB84 is not using a uniquely quantum resource - indeed, Alice provides Bob with quanta of light (photons.) This does seem unique and different from that of, for example, classical one-time pads (OTPs.)
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Verified Buyer Reviewed by Buck. from Newark, NY on Tuesday, December 18, 2012
I use the garment for casual dress. The sherpa lining is very warm. Overall, good quality.
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When it comes to family law issues, not all family law matters have to be heard in a courtroom. The main reason why families end up appearing in front of a judge is disagreements. However, a good number of cases reach a final resolution outside of the courtroom through what is referred to as mediation. Mediation allows the parties to work out together and reach a legal agreement before the judge sees their case. This helps families to avoid spending hours in a courtroom, unnecessary delays, conflict, stress, and expense. In most cases, the meetings and agreements are made with the help of a trained professional.
While you’ll find some information about mediation through online research, the best way to understand this segment of the divorce process is by discussing your issues with a San Diego Family Law Attorney. Sometimes it takes the help of a third party to help parties communicate and distinguish what is important during moments of conflict. We pride ourselves on creating a safe space where our clients can be comfortable, open, truthful and honest. Set your family up for a happier, more peaceful future by calling us today at 619-610-7425.
What is Mediation?
Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution that entails a voluntary approach that lets two conflicting parties to achieve a common agreement on issues concerning their divorce including property division, support payments or family matters such as child custody, and visitation rights. Through mediation, parents can create a parenting plan that’s in line with the California custody laws and a plan that will be in the best interest of the child. Mediation strives at achieving an agreement that is focused on the welfare of everyone in the family. The discussions involve informal mediation sessions which are overseen by an individual who has gone through mediation training.
In family law cases, the mediation model gives the parties equal bargaining power and a chance to voice their needs, opinions, suggestions, and thoughts to help them solve their issues without the courts deciding for them. Mediation is carried out in a private, confidential setting, and while parties may still discuss their options with their family law attorneys, their attorneys cannot appear or represent them during negotiations. Mediation is not for everyone and if it fails, both parties have the option of going to court and having decisions made on their behalf by a judge.
Who is a Mediator?
A mediator is an individual who is neutral, does not represent either party and oversees the mediation process. The mediator strives to facilitate healthy discussion between the parties. He or she is forbidden from offering legal counsel to either party. If the mediation fails and the case goes to court, the mediator cannot be called into court during the proceedings and cannot be used as a witness on behalf of either party.
The main goal of a mediator is to help the two parties communicate in a cooperative manner. He or she must help the parties understand the thoughts, ideas, wants and needs of the opposition, and find strengths and points of disagreement in the cases. He or she must ensure that the parties are fully informed and aware of the dissolution process and the fact that they may not receive everything they want. The mediator may suggest amicable and reasonable resolutions that both parties can accept.
Before an individual becomes a mediator, he or she must go through specific training, which equips one with the knowledge that will help them create common goals for families who may be at odds with one another as well as come up with solutions that both parties can agree on.
Mediators can be individuals who are or once were professionals in the legal industry or the mental health industry. This means that attorneys can also be mediators for as long as they provide services that are neutral. However, parties have the option of hiring attorneys who don’t have any affiliations with the mediator to act as their personal lawyers. The advantage of finding a mediator who is a lawyer with comprehensive knowledge and experience in law is that you’ll get better guidance in creating an agreement that follows the law in California. If for instance, you want to ask specific legal questions, mediators with a legal background will be in a better position to give you an answer.
Why is Mediation Better than Litigation?
The benefits of mediation in family law cases in California include:
Amicable dispute resolution
Regardless of whether the arrangement involves child custody or divorce, mediation gives the two parties the freedom to discuss their differences openly, in a collected fashion. Since they have nothing to prove to anyone else in the room, the discontent can go by the wayside with the main focus being on the need to come to an agreement. With this, the sessions can be closed on better terms than what a courtroom can afford.
Control of the process
In cases involving litigation, the parties are obliged to follow orders given by the judge. Nonetheless, no judge decides what’s best for the family when the family matter is taken into a mediation room. This means that the two parties who engage in mediation have a say in their own agreements and maintain control of their circumstances. The parties have the power to resolve their conflict in a way that works better for them. Sessions usually end with agreeable terms and conditions tailored to their unique situation and therefore, they are more likely to understand their agreement than if a judge had made the decision for them. Parties who seek beneficial compromises are more likely to be happy with the outcome of mediation.
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Divorce can be an incredibly emotional process for children witnessing the separation of their parents. Parents can make rash decisions due to pride, resentment, and feelings of friction that may negatively affect their children’s well-being. If you want to make decisions that are in the best interests of your children, working together can lessen the amount of time you’ll spend arguing and going to court. This helps ensure that the children are not involved in legal battles and do not appear in court. Given that the kids will not take part in mediation sessions, it makes it easier for parents to walk away with an agreement without involving their little ones. Also, children can rest comfortably knowing that their parents are not openly fighting for them.
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The mediation process forces two opposing parties to communicate properly and work towards a solution together. This can help build, repair or restore family relationships. When the parties get a fair and equitable agreement, there is nothing more to argue about and this makes it easy for the individuals to communicate effectively when necessary. This can be especially beneficial in cases where two people run a business together and cases where parents share a child.
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Mediation allows both parties to reach solutions that are mutually agreeable, unlike litigation which involves one party seeking to win over another. The cost difference between a divorce trial in the court and a mediated divorce is significant. It usually costs less to hire a mediator and consult with two attorneys than working with two, full-time attorneys. Divorce court is crowded and it can take years before the full judgment is declared. With mediation, the process moves as fast or slow as the two parties need it to and this means that a settlement can be reached in as little as 90 days. Mediation offers flexibility and the two parties can work on their schedules, rather than working around the court’s schedule.
How Does Mediation Work in San Diego?
Mediation is a legal process that a family may choose to go through before taking their case to court. In some cases, the court may order mediation before making a decision for the parties. The process of mediation usually starts with the mediator listening to each side of the story. This is done individually. After that, the mediator can meet with the two parties together. The first meeting usually involves the mediator helping the parties to create common goals. This may include goals such a dividing the debts, creating a parenting plan, deciding which parent will get sole custody during a change of residence, and even specific goals like deciding who gets to keep the pets.
The mediator will write those goals down in preparation for discussions and a mediation agreement. Both parties must approve that what is stated in the document is what they want to get from mediation. They will also sign the agreement and have a copy of it. It’s important to first take the copy to your attorney outside of mediation before you sign. Once parties settle on the mediation agreement, the mediator will help them identify their problems, come up with solutions, and find ways to resolve issues discussed in the mediation agreement. In this case, the mediator can meet with each party individually, or both parties together.
The process of mediation usually ends when an agreement is reached, or when both parties decide that an agreement is not going to be reached. Issues that remain unsolved can be brought to court. The mediator cannot appear in court or reveal any detail of the mediation. Whether a complete or partial agreement is reached, the mediator will help compile an agreement and give it to the parties. The parties’ attorneys outside of mediation will look over the agreement, sign it, and the mediator will submit it to the judge for approval. Even if mediation fails, at least you’ll have gained a better understanding of what the other person feels and wants.
Family Law Cases That Can Involve Mediation
Divorce mediation includes all family law issues such as legal separations, divorces, partner and spousal support cases, child support cases, child custody and visitation battles, property division, asset division, debt division, and more. However, mediation may not be applicable in cases involving restraining orders, protective orders, domestic violence, or abuse.
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During the mediation process, a lot of decisions are made on some very tough issues and it’s imperative for you and your spouse to be prepared for the sessions. Here are some of the things you can do to assist the process and contribute to its success.
• Do your homework and choose the right mediator. Make sure that you retain a person that you feel comfortable opening up to them. In choosing a mediator, consider factors such as training in family mediation, certification, and experience in mediating family cases.
• Create a master list of your real property, vehicles, personal property, bank accounts, credit cards, life insurance policies, stocks, retirement accounts, self-employment profit and loss, paystubs, social security, mortgage payments, and all other important documents.
• Spend a considerable amount of time to determine everything you hope to get, what you can live without, and what you will not walk away without.
• If you have children, separate financial issues from parental issues and ensure your decisions are in the child’s best interest.
• Be prepared to negotiate and not to argue. You may not agree on everything but be prepared to listen to your spouse’s suggestions, wants, and opinions. Be respectful and be prepared to negotiate within reason and the scope of what is possible.
• Get a non-adversarial attorney to give legal advice and help you know your rights. If you feel that your attorney is more adversarial and steering you towards litigation, ask your mediator for a referral.
• Plan a budget. You’ll be in a better position to negotiate if you know how much you can afford to pay and how much you need. Be realistic and bring in fair and concrete expenses. You can ask your mediator for a family budget form or find one online.
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With so many dog breeds out there, how do you find the right breed for you? Firstly, you need to consider the kind of lifestyle that you have. Are you an active person that likes to exercise? Do you live in a family with children and would like a dog that can not only become your kids’ best friend but will also protect them? Say hello to the Lapponian Herder!
The Lapponian Herder is a large, high-energy breed with plenty of love to give its owners. They love playing with children and get along well with them, but they can be shy around strangers—a trait which makes them excellent watchdogs. But they offer much more than that.
In this article, you’re going to discover all that this friendly, energetic, and intelligent breed has to offer. We will discuss their history, care features, and most importantly, their personality.
Trainability: Good; responds best to gentle training
Health and Grooming: Low Maintenance
All Around Friendliness: Good; but shy around strangers
Exercise Needs: High; needs daily exercise
|Dog Breed Group||Foundation Stock Service
|Height||18 - 20 inches|
|Lifespan||10 - 14 years|
The Lapponian Herder is a historically rich and interesting breed. Originally, the breed was used to herd and guard reindeer both in Russia and Scandinavia. They were such favorites of Finland that they were recognized as being one of Finland’s five national dog breeds.
Their history dates back to prehistoric times. The Lapponian Herder is believed to be developed by the Sami people—an indigenous group of Finno-Ugric people. The Sami people once lived in the Arctic regions of Russia and Scandinavia where the breed was founded.
The Lapponian Herder is a highly intelligent, energetic, and docile dog. Though they’re calm, they love agility and games which will stimulate their minds. In addition, they love physical activity as they were specifically bred as herders. Though they’re reserved towards strangers, once they get to know you, they’re very friendly and loving.
They do well with children. However, they’re not fans of sharing their home with other dominant dogs. If you do have other pets in the home, they’ll have to be submissive. However, with early training and socialization, Lapponian Herders will adapt to their environments.
The Lapponian Herder is a low-maintenance dog when it comes to grooming. Minimal brushing is required, only to remove dead hairs. Bathing is also only required when they begin to smell. The fact that they are low-maintenance with grooming makes up for the physical maintenance you need to provide for them as they’ll need daily exercise.
See Also: Dogs for Lazy People
This breed is counted among the ranks of Finland’s national dogs.
What makes this breed different from the other Finnish breeds is that Lapponian Herders have shorter coats and do not hold their tails over their backs.
The Lapponian Herder was developed as a herding breed.
This breed was developed by the Sami people, an indigenous group of Finno-Ugric people.
The Lapponian Herder is a high-energy dog.
The Lapponian Herder is a friendly and calm breed especially around children.
They can be apprehensive around strangers.
The Lapponian Herder can be slightly dominating over other breeds, however, through training, this behavior can be curbed.
Lapponian Herders are talented herders and listen to those who treat them with respectful authority.
They were nicknamed “reindeer herders.”
It’s believed that the Lapponian Herder had evolved from dogs which were living in the northern parts of Scandinavia dating all the way back to the prehistoric times. Though the origins of this breed have been widely debated on, the main theory is that the Lapponian Herder is Spitz type of dog.
This one of the three dog breeds believed to be developed by the Sami people—an indigenous group of Finno-Ugric people who once lived in the Arctic regions of Russia and Scandinavia. Traditionally, the Lapponian Herder was used to manage reindeer.
The Lapponian Herder had no standards for appearance. They are hardy dogs that lasted through World War II. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, breeders from Finland and Sweden attempted to create new breeds from the traditional reindeer-herding breed. This is where the Finnish Lapphund and the Swedish Lapphund came into existence.
At some point in time, the Finnish Lapphund and the Lapponian Herder were considered the same breed. However, the Lapponian Herder became its own breed in October 1966. In many regions of Scandinavia, the breed is still used for herding and guarding reindeer. The Lapponian Herder was accepted to the Foundation Stock Service program in April 2017.
The Lapponian Herder is a mid-sized breed. These dogs are typically longer than they are tall and are built with strong bones and muscles. Though they’re muscular, since they’re herding dogs, they’re not bulky but rather agile.
The head is somewhat long and pointed around the top with a slight convex. The muzzle is slightly shorter in size. Their tails are long and bushy, sitting low on their backs.
Their ideal height is 20 inches (51 cm) for males and 18 inches (46 cm) for women. Though they can weigh up to 70lbs, their weight doesn’t show as most of it is muscle.
The Lapponian Herder is a very active and smart breed which loves to be given tasks as they’re traditionally used for herding. They do well with sports. If they don’t get enough exercise, they’re known to become a little destructive, so, if you have the time to invest in daily exercise, then this is a great breed for you.
Generally speaking, the Lapponian Herder is a very friendly and docile breed. Due to their relaxed personality, they do well in homes with children. Although, they can come off as dominant with other dogs. Thus, it’s important to train them to reduce this trait.
They’re extremely patient which is great during training, however, do not react well to tough training. A gentle hand is much more effective.
Around people they don’t know, they’re slightly reserved until they become more comfortable. This trait makes them ideal protectors of those they consider a part of their family and territory.
Health and Potential Problems
Typically, most breeds have genetic health conditions which run through their parents. The Lapponian Herder is different as they’re considered primeval.
With that said, the breed has basically no reoccurring or prominent health conditions that you need to be aware of. Through the decades, the Lapponian Herder has been kept in exceptional health and shape.
Of course, good and trustworthy breeders will have information on the parents, so you’ll be able to see if there are any underlying health conditions. Though, in general, many large breeds do suffer from these common conditions:
Ear Infections: occurs when a bacterial or viral infection affects the middle section of the ear. It can be cured with the use of antibiotics.
Hip Dysplasia: an abnormality in the hip joint when the socket does not fully cover the ball. This causes possible joint dislocation.
Von Willebrand Disease: a genetic disorder caused by a missing or defective clotting protein called von Willebrand.
You can diminish the risk of your dog contracting these diseases by routinely checking your dog and taking them to their required vet checkups.
See Also: Best Dog Vitamin
The Lapponian Herder was bred as a herding dog, which means these dogs do best when asked to complete tasks. When it comes to exercise, it’s no different. The Lapponian Herder loves to be challenged through training and exercise. Thus, you need to have the time to invest in them as they’re high energy dogs.
The Lapponian Herder excels in agility, rally, obedience, barn hunt, search and rescue, and dock diving. They’re quite a talented breed as you can tell.
You need to provide them with a daily minimum of 30-minutes of physical activity. If not, the Lapponian Herder is known to become destructive as they become bored and restless. If you provide them with exercise, they’re typically docile and calm companions.
See Also: Agility Training for Dogs
Regardless of the breed, it’s extremely important to invest in your dog’s food. As they’re going to be eating this food for the rest of their lives, you want to make sure it’s made with high-quality ingredients.
As the Lapponian Herder is an energetic breed and needs plenty of exercises, make sure the food is designed for highly active dogs. We recommend that you take your dog to the veterinarian for their expert opinion on the type of dog food your dog may need.
Also, depending on your dog’s age, the best type of food for him/her varies. Lastly, make sure that you supply your dog with a clean, fresh bowl of water which is available for them at all times.
Coat, Color, and Grooming
The Lapponian Herder has Scandinavian and Russian roots, which means they’re equipped for the cold weather. They have medium-length fluffy double coats which provide them with protection against the elements.
Their coats usually come in black, brown, and dark grey with typically lighter coloring on their heads. Many Lapponian Herder dogs are seen with white markings as well.
The Lapponian Herder is a low-maintenance dog when it comes to grooming. They need minimal attention as they’re designed to produce minimal shedding and odor. However, you will need to brush them on a weekly basis to remove any dead hairs as they do have a dense coat.
Regarding bathing, you only need to bathe them when they start to smell which will be around every 4 to 6 weeks.
The Lapponian Herder does very well in households with children as they’re patient, docile, and calm. However, they don’t do well around those with a firm hand; thus, perhaps it’s best not to keep them around small children that can pull and tug at their hair, ears, or tail.
This doesn’t mean they’re bad around children; rather, they do better with children who are old enough to understand their actions.
The Lapponian Herder does well with other animals, however, needs to be trained and socialized from an early age. The Lapponian Herder is a dominant breed, thus, if you already have a dog at home, make sure it’s submissive rather than dominant. If you have two dominant dogs, it’s not going to work out well.
See Also: How to Introduce Dogs to Other Dogs
The Lapponian Herder is an active, yet docile breed. They’re not aggressive towards other animals or children, however, are wary of strangers. When given tasks to complete or games to play, this is when their true colors show as they’re highly intelligent dogs.
Though they’re docile, they’re a highly-active breed, meaning they’ll need daily physical activity to stay mentally and physically fit. If they’re not taken out for walks or runs, they can become destructive as they grow restless and bored—two things you don’t want to happen with this breed.
The Lapponian Herder is a low-maintenance dog, however, does require some grooming. A weekly brushing will help remove any dead hairs from their coat, giving it a nice shine.
You will have to bathe them, however, only when they start to carry the “dog” odor, which usually translates to one bath per month. Thus, if you don’t like grooming or don’t have the time for it, then this breed is great for you.
Do you think that the Lapponian Herder breed for you? Let us know what you think in the comment section below! If you already have a Lapponian Herder, please share your experience about what living with a Lapponian Herder is like!
Do you live in a busy household with guests coming in and out frequently? Then the Lapponian Herder may not be the right breed for you. You need one of these most friendly dog breeds that can charm everyone they meet. | fineweb_edu |
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Tuesday, January 22, 2008
why Maria is Grounded For Life
Maria's room is a pit. I would post a picture to embarass her if I wasn't so embarassed myself. And we are missing a library book, one that has been missing for months, has been renewed the maximum amount of times so as to give optimum time for it to return from whatever hole it has hidden itself in, and still it has not turned up. In the meantime, I have cleaned all the rooms it could possibly be in, sorted through all of our bookshelves, dug through both cars, and still it has not turned up. The only room that hasn't been cleaned since, oh, October or so, is Maria's room. Back in October, *I* cleaned her room. She went to visit my parents for the weekend, and I went into her room with three large black trashbags, cleaned it myself, and threatened her with early death if she let it get that way again. Well...it's that way again. And, well, I'm not really allowed to kill the children, even when they trash their rooms to the point of being considered a geniune health hazard. So, this morning, when the library officially billed me $15 for the book, I went into her room myself and dug through piles, crawled around on my considerable belly to dig under her furniture, pawed through her closet and drawers and nightstand, and got a first hand look at just how disgusting her room really is, I pronounced her Grounded For Life from the TV, the computer, and any activities we don't have prior committments to attend. Ok, so it's not for life, it's until her room is clean, which may mean the same thing at this rate. Oh...and the library book? It still hasn't turned up. | fineweb_edu |
Wonderful Engineering
Samsung Introduces A Smart Bike Concept That Uses Lasers To Project Lanes And Avoids Collisions
Today we shall be talking about something that has remained unchanged even in this technological age; bikes. Have you ever noticed how much every mode of transport has evolved, every mode but bikes. Why is that? Why do the bikers get ignored? Ignore the dramatics we are trying to portray here but Samsung has decided to upgrade the conventional bike by introducing a Smart Bike concept.
Samsung has decided to incorporate a lot of tech stuff into the bike and all that revolves around a smartphone, where the smartphone displays all the things that you need to know while riding a bike. The smartphone will display information regarding the route, speed and activity stats related to aerobics. The smartphone is also connected to a rear view camera, which has been placed under the seat and allows you to see what’s behind you. Now the obvious question; the phone is usually in our pockets, no? Well, Samsung’s bike has a magnetic mount just near the handlebars, which will hold your smartphone securely while your smartphone connects to an Arduino processor, which has been incorporated in the frame located under the seat.
Usually all the roads have bike lanes, notice how we used the word ‘usually’? This implies that not all roads have dedicated bike lanes but don’t worry. This Smart bike will employ 4 lasers to project your own bike lane. So, how did Samsung come up with this specific design? That is the fun part, Samsung organized an inter-generational race with old Italian artisans working along with young designers. Specifically speaking; Giovanni Pelizzoli and Alice Biotti were part of the team and worked under the flag of Samsung’s Maestros Academy, which was created for this sole purpose. Check out the youtube video below for more: | dclm_edu |
Paul Ryan said in his speech last evening "Everything is free but us." Who is the "us"? Yes, looking at the crowd, that became clear. He finally got to the race baiting! It wasn't exactly a great grammatical line, but it was effective at pitting "us" agin' "them."
He's good, he's real good, he's the best deliverer of the convention so far perhaps with the exception of the Governor of New Mexico, but he is a race bater -- another white child of privilege (Yes, in spite of his father's early death, the family is the most prominent in his home town.) talking about "the way we were" in white, semi-rural, safe, Andy Griffith, Aunt Bee, Opie, Mayberry land and how what we were and are is about to be taken away from us by those who get everything for free, the freeloaders, which is what I think he was saying. Draw your own conclusions as to what that code language means.
As a speaker? He was coached well and intensely over the last couple of weeks by, as I'm told, the best coaching that money can buy. He was really, really, really good at delivery -- the staccato lines, swift alliterative bullets, this and that faster than speed, zingers against the opposition, one liners, pregnant (no pun intended) pauses, gestures, facial expressions, cute smiles, winks, shrugs, co-opting fine quotes of great ethical leaders for his own purposes, appeal to God with a God crowd for justification of his positions, all form and no substance and many lies (as fact checkers have determined). No one has thrown red meat like Ryan at this convention. But when all the analysis of the speech is done it will be shown that the speech will not have lasting effect but will have been an aborted effort. And why? Because of the phony baloney content.
He was preaching to the proverbial choir, but if the intent was to win over the five percent independent vote, assuming that five percent is intelligent enough to examine the facts, the speech will backfire. Hopefully, independents are looking for truth and, if so, they will be turned off by deceit.
It reminds me of my speech classes in college and the emphasis on the importance of delivery for the professor. I pooh-pooh-ed it and then Shakespeare set me straight with the speeches following Caesar's death in the tragedy Julius Caesar. One side (Brutus) swayed the masses not by content but by delivery. Delivery is very important. The other side (Antony) swayed the masses with both delivery and content. My objection then and still is that content is more important than delivery but I have to acknowledge that delivery is important in giving a speech.
I have concluded that delivery is incredibly important for both good and ill, but that only delivery and integrity of content is ultimately good and that which will ultimately persevere.
Might I offer as an example a young Austrian with incredible oratorical skills who was able to tell falsehoods to a needy, needy, humiliated people to move them to the horror of mass murder? However, the oratory of Churchill and Roosevelt, which combined delivery with the power of truthful content, won the day, the civilization and the future. Do you see why I, a preacher and a former adjunct professor of preaching, still favor content?
I stand in fear of the great orator and what false appeal to fear can do. I appreciate the great poet. I stand in awe of the one who can combine the two -- great oratory and great poetry, and I don't mean the canned kind of poetry, but the poetry of truth as experienced in the mythic, metaphor, simile and sometimes even the literal. | fineweb_edu |
Learning How To Learn
Beginning in childhood and throughout our adult life, we encounter situations where we need to learn some new information. As a child, it begins with simple things such as walking and using utensils when we eat or tying our shoelaces. When we reach school age we need to take in a great deal of new information. As adults, we continue needing to learn both for work and so that we can pursue interest and passions. Here we will take a look at the process of learning how to learn.
Putting A Spotlight On The Process Of Learning How To Learn
It is shocking that in school systems around the world teachers and the educational departments place an emphasis on the material that should be learned with little regard to the process of learning. Children and adults are often given material to learn but never taught how to exactly go about it.
Many are coming to realize that there is something incredibly powerful about understanding how to learn. The days of old, those who could not read were at an extreme disadvantage, and these days, those who do not know how to effectively learn will be at an even more extreme disadvantage.
People often fall short of solving their toughest problems and therefore come up short in results. Some of them then come here seeking to best learn how to learn.
The act of studying is not enough. Someone may study a topic, and then they study some more, and they study yet still more, and whenever they think of applying what they've learned they feel that they still don't know what they're doing. The reason for this is the fact that learning is an activity that requires participation. Most people will never feel as though they know how to do something until they actually begin doing it as part of their learning process, but often times just doing it is not enough to grant peace of mind.
Examining The Process
While many people claim to teach how to learn, it is often by telling the student to look at what other people did. If other people did it, then they also learned it somehow. Therefore, this is more of a passage of information, rather than learning how to learn.
Many times people are confused when someone tells them "this is the way to learn that thing," but in reality that does not seem to be the truth.
Something may seem like it is missing from how to learn, though you may not be sure yet what it is, and we welcome you to join us.
Those who continue to feel something is missing or confusing or wrong will often fail to reach high potential over and over again, maybe even feeling like they are beating their head against the wall when things get very overwhelming.
Oftentimes, even with results, the person struggles to understand how to not constantly feel they are taking one step forward and one step back. This is especially true for those with very tough problems they don't know how to solve but want to.
Thinking About How We Learn
When it comes to learning, many people are just given methods or pieces of information and are left with a lackluster understanding of why they still are struggling and cannot solve their problems.
If someone is simply giving you information about how someone else did something (even if that person is considered smart), they are likely not actually teaching how to learn, and are instead passing along information.
If we don't want to spend our lives memorizing the neverending amount of information and the experiences people have had and their approaches, and instead want to find and utilize the best approaches, we need to go deeper.
Learning is also frequently considered in the pain vs. pleasure sense, as we learn not to touch the hot stove or that eating a piece of tasty food is good.
This does not, however, actually account for whether or not eating that piece of food is actually the best decision for the person.
Additionally, if the person has a negative experience, they may become biased, and learn to try to avoid that thing. Even if the negative experience was unlikely, it will likely feel very close to them and important and like they want to avoid it a lot.
This can lead to all sorts of inefficiencies and difficulties.
If we do not want to spend our entire lives trying to get rid of all of these biases that could come up from past experiences, then we need to go deeper.
Understanding Your Personal Motivations For Learning How To Learn
Anyone who is reading about learning or trying to discover how to learn better or trying to discover how to solve their problems better could obviously benefit massively from increased clarity in learning.
People come from all different walks of life seeking to learn and learn how to learn.
What is your vision and what are you moving towards? What would you like to achieve?
Some people are looking for big leverage points to optimize or improve their lives and to achieve the goals they want to achieve.
Some want to create massive good in the world, and to be able to help others.
Some want to feel more in control of their life and progress forward without the constant worry of how things will turn out.
Some want to learn guitar or how to improve in a skill, for example, a sport, whether that is at an "amateur" or top-tier competition level.
Still, others may simply want to become highly skilled and proficient in something new or to be able to learn anything effectively so that moving forwards becomes a joy and thrill rather than depression and confusion.
Still, others are terrified they can't solve their most difficult and confusing problems. Are you confident in your ability to solve your toughest problems, even when everyone else around you thinks you're screwed? If not, I welcome you to join us.
Perhaps you are here and you sometimes feel sick or lonely or depressed. Not to worry. I welcome you to join us.
Community and Environment
The environment that someone surrounds themselves with can be a great benefit or detriment to any person looking to learn and learning how to learn.
There is of course first, the local community around a person, for example, a small town or a city or even a section of the city. One can also consider friends, family, and the people they frequently interact with by choice or by chance.
You may find the answers you are looking for eventually, but it is not always necessary to go it alone. If you are feeling like there is no one around them who can help, that is one reason why people may come here looking to learn how to learn.
In learning how to learn, people may also be working towards the common good and creating good. Moving towards common goals can also be extremely helpful to people, and can help remind your brain of the importance of what you are doing, why you're doing it, and who you're doing it for.
Frequently, people can work synergistically to increase the results they get, and the mere practice of getting together at an agreed upon place and time often is enough to accelerate learning.
When we are accountable to others it helps to motivate us to do what we need to do. If you are someone who will do more when others are paying attention, then this is one reason many people seriously consider joining a study group.
Besides the people who a person interacts with physically local to them, there is also those who are virtually close to them. That includes the people they see on the sites they browse, and what those people are saying.
Simply the things you read on the sites you visit may indicate to your brain that it is of above-average importance, due to intensity and closeness.
This is one reason why sites with lots of negativity, and criticism between members cannot easily bear good fruit.
Instead, it can be very helpful to surround yourself with any person or people who can enjoy your successes with you and not get frustrated if you experience confusion or setbacks. | fineweb_edu |
A native of Kingston, Pennsylvania, HENRY MARTYN HOYT studied at Lafayette College and graduated from Williams College, going on to teach school. A student and then practitioner of law, he was admitted to the Bar in 1853. He became a Lieutenant-Colonel of the 52nd Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers during the Civil War, winning promotion to Colonel and then Brigadier-General. In 1867, he was appointed a judge of Luzerne County and in 1869 became Collector of Internal Revenue for Luzerne and Susquehanna Counties, a post that he held for four years. He chaired the Republican State Committee from 1875 to 1876 and went on to win the governorship two years later. Under Hoyt’s administration, the state debt was significantly reduced, delinquent taxes were collected, the railroads were prosecuted for discriminatory freight rates, and a state medical board was established. Hoyt was also responsible for the construction of a new reformatory for youthful offenders that emphasized training and education as rehabilitative techniques. Under the terms of the new Constitution adopted during the administration of his gubernatorial predecessor, Hoyt was the first governor of Pennsylvania to serve a term of four years. After leaving office, he returned to his law practice. He was also the publisher of several books, among them a study of land claims and a book titled Protection Versus Free-Trade. He died in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission | dclm_edu |
The Appeal to Nature Fallacy
by Tim Harding
How often do we see the word ‘natural’ on product labels ranging from breakfast cereals to cosmetics? It has become one of the most common consumer ‘hooks’ used in marketing today. ‘Natural’ is also a keyword in many herbal remedies and other alternatives to medicine that skeptics are skeptical about.
The logical fallacy known as ‘Appeal to Nature’ usually takes the following form of argument:
Premise: N is natural.
Conclusion: Therefore, N is good, safe or right.
Premise: U is unnatural.
Conclusion: Therefore, U is bad, unsafe or wrong.
Like all logical fallacies, these arguments are invalid because the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the premises. In other words, the premises can be true but the conclusion can be false.
For instance, there are hundreds of naturally occurring plants, fungi and animals that are poisonous – not to mention naturally venomous spiders, snakes and jellyfish. Even some parts of common ‘natural’ foods can be toxic in small doses. These include green potatoes; the seeds of apples, cherries, apricots, peaches and plums; and the leaves of rhubarb and tomatoes. There are few reported deaths as a result of eating these foods; but we have all heard of deaths from eating poisonous naturally occurring mushrooms and Fugu fish. There have also been deaths from drinking ‘natural’ raw milk. Recent research has demonstrated risks of neurodegenerative illness from the ‘natural’ dietary supplement Spirulina.
The Appeal to Nature Fallacy is probably behind much of the opposition to genetically modified foods, despite the fact that humans have been genetically modifying food species by breeding for over 11,000 years since the dawn of civilisation. More extreme forms of this fallacy can manifest themselves as Chemophobia – fear of chemicals, Pharmacophobia – fear of medicines and Technophobia – fear of new technologies. Such phobias are thought to stem from incomplete knowledge of science, or a misunderstanding of science, or a general fear of the unknown.
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7 responses to “The Appeal to Nature Fallacy
1. Tom Arniel
The human body absorbs and utilizes most vitamins and minerals more efficiently and effectively than synthetic ones as does the soil and plants on the planet, so while you make an interesting point I will go natural whenever possible.
2. @theage: Almost half of ‘natural’ products are considered unhealthy
3. Pingback: Try this, it’s natural! | Lars-Henrik Bergström
4. Sorry, but I don’t quite understand your meaning. Would you care to elaborate?
5. Esperons que vous en avez d autre de ce niveau pour nous! (Hope you have sides of this level for us!)
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We are very busy with the development and testing of the E3 Performance box for multiple engine types. These E3 Performance boxes will be introduced soon:Read more
If chiptuning is a step too far
We all want a faster car, but we can imagine chiptuning is a step too far. Even then, we can offer the solution: The E3 Performance tuningbox. The E3 Performance tuningbox has the big advantage that the tuning box doe...Read more
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Feature Article of Tuesday, 15 January 2013
Columnist: King, Jerry
Ghana's Youth, Media And Cultural Prostitution
There is a marked and distinctive lack of films, documentaries and broadcasts of our history on our televisions and radios. Even common dramatic re-enactments of our immediate history (independence – today) are conspicuously absent on our televisions.
Most of what we see and hear of our history is the oft repeated 1960’s productions which are as bad as they are clichéd and are boring to a fault – no doubt made for generations past.
From the early 19th century till date, western nations have perfected the extensive use of cultural products like films and music for enormous economic gain and Asian countries are busily copying that formula, hence the explosion in Asian cinematic material across the globe. The Asian experiment produced its first global superstar in the iconic Bruce Lee and has gone on to produce countless film superstars to worldwide acclaim.
Today an Asian country, India accounts for the most films produced in any country year on year, beating the mighty Hollywood and the British film industry, two of the giants in motion picture production. The interesting thing about these films is their relentless portrayal of the history of those respective countries and cultures. The relevant question to ask here is: what accounts for our relative reticence in portraying our history and hence our culture to ourselves and our children which also could be used for purely economic gain?
Can it be inferred that were are ashamed of our culture or am I just an amateur pseudo-psychologist, displaying unashamedly, my profound ignorance? Countries have used the power of communication and later, motion picture to galvanize and mobilize the masses throughout most of modern human history. This has been used to instil national pride, to reinforce cultural values and heritage and most of all, to encourage diversity or to reinforce homogeneity.
Ghana’s television and radio landscape is utterly devoid of productions which fairly portray our historical and cultural heritage and instils pride in us as a people. Our televisions are rather filled with junk western programmes, mostly American, of decades past. Through constant exposure, we may begin to aspire to become Americans but would always be decades behind in our aspirations. It is not the purpose of this article to prove what has been proven time and again of the impact of communication on humans.
It is no wonder that our atmosphere is filled with all kinds of funny noises mistaken for foreign accents. Our news readers, radio presenters, sportsmen, journalists, presidential aspirants, and CEOs are guilty of this, all in the name of appearing civilized and cultured. Since when did our accents become unacceptable to the point that one must mimic a foreign accent to feel accepted and admired by our society?
Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, our first President, understood to a profound extent the poison that such behaviour contained and never allowed himself, not even once, to try to mimic the white man’s way of speaking. He spoke in that vibrant African tenor and spoke clearly so there could not be a mishearing or misunderstanding. He will forever remain an iconic black man.
There is a tremendous dearth of modern locally produced documentaries and resource material on such icons such as even Dr. Kwame Nkrumah himself, sports heroes such as Abedi Pele, Azumah Nelson, D.K. Poison, and the list goes on. Without these readily available, who are our young sports men and women, politicians and youth supposed to emulate? How can they build on what has been done if they do not even know what has already been achieved?
The maxim, “If you don’t know where you came from, how can you know where you’re going?” has been hammered into my consciousness from since I can remember and I’m sure readers can appreciate just how poignant this statement is. Ghanaian youth, myself included have a strange hybrid of American culture, British culture and Ghanaian culture. We inhabit in us three strong cultural influences which often leaves us not only dazed and confused about where we belong but it also forsakes us in a cultural no man’s land.
Countless articles have been written about all the ills in our society and the biggest accusing finger has been consistently pointed at the persistent lack of good leadership across the length and breadth of our society. I fear it is no exaggeration to say that the immediate past generation has totally failed us in their duty of inculcating our cultural values and heritage in us. But enough of accusing fingers.
Much has been blamed on the globalised nature of today’s world. The world is interconnected in ways we never dreamed about even a decade ago and people have been quick to blame this phenomenon for the remarkable loss of Ghanaian identity in today’s youth but that is just the pot calling the kettle black. Just a generation ago, most Ghanaians sported a jheri-curl afro, wore bell-bottomed trousers, and danced to popular American disco music in discotheques. Even then, they showed a propensity to mimic foreign culture and attitudes. The situation has not so much changed as has become worse.
Ghanaians, both ethnically and collectively have a beautiful history, a history that is the sum of our worth as human beings and our aspirations going forward into the future. It teaches various lessons which make our society what is today.
But as the adage goes “Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.”
This article has 6 comments, give your comment | dclm_edu |
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Jan 10, 2015
to avoid over-brewing (and under-brewing) Chinese green tea (2)
Part (1) is here
3. Temperature
I don't believe temperature is a big factor that can cause over-brewing. As previously explained, in a vessel with wide opening and small volume, a tea can rarely be over-brewed, even when very hot water is used.
Interestingly, in my observation, I've noticed temperature is often a big factor that causes under-brewing. In recent years, there seems a trend of recommending rather low temperature for green tea brewing. I believe brewing temperature can definitely be flexible, based on personal preferences and with other brewing parameters (infusion time, leaf/water ratio, etc.) adjusted. But I am a little concerned that more or less, lower brewing temperature is becoming a dogma. Many people are told they "should" use rather low temperature for green tea (and similarly, for white tea), and are worried that higher temperature would ruin a green tea. Traditionally, many Chinese green teas are brewed at nearly boiling temperature (205-212 F) , some high end green teas with a lot of young buds are brewed at a lower temperature of about 180-205 F), and very few high end teas (such as March harvest Bi Luo Chun and En Shi Yu Lu, the latter one similar to Gyokuro of Japan) use even lower temperature of about 170-180 F). Currently, a lot of brewing temperatures recommended by various sources are even lower than the lowest of above-mentioned brewing temperature. When brewing a Chinese green tea at rather low temperature, a potential risk is the tea can be under-brewed, and the drinker would find the tea rather "tasteless". So when a tea drinker finds a Chinese green tea (or a white tea) short of taste, the first thought coming up to my mind would be "try hotter water". It doesn't always solve the problem, but sometimes it does.
(This previous post includes some discussion about brewing temperature for white tea.)
I have been wondering what makes people think very low temperature should be used for green tea. I guess, the influence of Japanese tea drinking might be a factor. Many Japanese green teas require significantly lower brewing temperature than Chinese green tea. When some people extends their tea drinking from Japanese green to Chinese green, they may naturally think similar low temperature should be used. But in fact, most Japanese green and most Chinese green are significantly different and therefore require very different brewing methods. Another possible reason why people think low temperature is suitable for green tea is the thought of "the more tender the tea leaves are, the lower temperature should be used", which might be naturally intuitive, but is often untrue. Besides, some brewing suggestions are probably made for 16 oz. or larger teapots that are more commonly found in an average household. Then lower temperature is used to compensate for the steaming and volume effect as above analyzed.
Some green teas can be enjoyed with lower brewing temperature without being under-brewed. Usually this involves adjustment of other brewing parameters.
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Is the motor system affected by the hollow face illusion?
B. Hartung, Volker H. Franz, D. Kersten, Heinrich H. Buelthoff
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
6 Citations (Scopus)
When viewing the inside of a mask or mold of a human face, the face is frequently perceived as being a normal (convex) face, instead of the veridical, hollow (concave) face (the hollow face illusion). Thus, familiarity with the shape of faces dominates perception, even when in conflict with stereo depth cues. It has been suggested that visuomotor tasks are not affected by illusions that fool perception (Aglioti et al, 1995). In a previous experiment, we showed that reaching is affected by the hollow face illusion. However, the stimuli used lacked haptic feedback, which may produce fundamentally different (pantomimed) reaches which are driven by perception, not the usual visuomotor processes (Goodale et al, 1994). In work described here, we investigated whether the hollow face illusion holds for visuomotor tasks when haptic feedback is present. Computer images of normal and hollow faces were presented in stereo, such that stereo and familiarity depth cues were consistent or in conflict. In the visuomotor task, participants reached to either the nose or cheek. At the end of the reach, subjects received haptic feedback at the tip of the reaching finger. The maximum distance reached was used as an estimate of target position. In the perceptual task, subjects gave a numerical estimate of the distance to either the nose or cheek in arbitrary units, chosen by each subject. The perceptual and visuomotor distance estimates were similar. Both were dominated by object familiarity, shown by the nose estimates being closer to the subject than cheek estimates. However, hollow faces were estimated to be flatter than normal faces. This suggests that the visual system combines stereo and familiarity cues resulting in a 'flattening' of the hollow face. These results are consistent with the previous results from stimuli that did not include haptic feedback.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)256a
JournalJournal of Vision
Issue number3
Publication statusPublished - 2001
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Ophthalmology
• Sensory Systems
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In 1914, the great British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton managed to keep 27 men alive for two years in possibly the most inhospitable climate on earth, Antarctica. The explorer has been hailed as one of the greatest leaders of all time, about whom many books have been written.
The Shackleton story is now the inspiration for a play at Long Wharf Theatre, "Endurance." The performance links the famed explorer with a nerdy insurance agent, Walter Spivey, who gets promoted during the 2009 economic collapse. Struggling to justify his promotion amidst great downsizing, Spivey turns to a book on Shackleton's leadership lessons, and strives to implement them in his insurance office.
The play was created by Split Knuckle Theatre, a company that originated in London, but is now based in Storrs. They use few props, but lots of physicality. Artistic Director Greg Webster joined WNPR's Where We Live to talk about the creation of the play. He said, "A big part of our training is transforming simple objects into what can become multiple things. So at one moment you’re standing on top of a table, and the table, well, can the table turn over? Can the table spin on its end? Maybe that could be an iceberg."
Throughout the comedic performance, three men transform from insurance agents in a cubicle to Shackleton and his crew in the unforgiving South Pole.
Webster, who is also a professor of Movement Theater at UConn, said, "One of the things that we were really interested in was kind of examining the twentieth century man versus the twenty-first century man." He said he personally wouldn't have lasted long in the Antarctic, and was inspired by Shackleton's story. "The fact that we are capable as human beings of doing incredible things and being really good to each other in the face of adversity. And we can choose to collapse. We can choose to let it all bog down," he said. "Because life is hard. Or we can make another choice, and say that, ya know, being here in this moment is really important, and we will persevere."
You can see "Endurance" at Long Wharf Theatre from June 17 to 29.
Listen to the entire interview below: | fineweb_edu |
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|Annual Revenue ($):||$100.000 to $499.999|
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Moose Intergrated Graphics Lcc provides professional Military Insignia, Textile from its single location at the coordinates 42.168747,-88.28859.
The company offers B2B variables under the SIC code 2399 and NAICS code 314999, while making an annual revenue of $100.000 to $499.999 and hiring a total of 1 to 4 employees.
For frequently asked questions and further inquiries about professional Military Insignia, Textile, get to know more about Moose Intergrated Graphics Lcc through its company website at . Engage with this business on its social media platforms through on Twitter and on Facebook. | fineweb_edu |
People + Story > Trendy Gizmos
We’re an agile team that combines the ability to tell our clients’ stories while making sense of the rapidly evolving technological landscape. We have a passion for helping our clients harness the power of technology that actually works for them. And, just as importantly, we’ll help you let go of what you don’t need.
Process & Product
Our design process ensures that your final product is exciting, detailed, and accomplishes its objectives. Our development process is informed by the process of theatrical technical rehearsals, game mechanics, storytelling, and a deep understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of the latest web UX trends.
A Typical Web Design Process | fineweb_edu |
# Newsgate
Sniffing the news
## We created a chrome extension that gives people the power to know whether the information they're consuming is real or fake. Users can further customize their tastes with Newsgate and will be able to distinguish a favorable link from a 'blacklisted' one without ever even having to lift a finger, or in this case, clicking on a link.
## Project Vision
Create a convenient and insightful way for people to make decisions about the validity of news stories. We set out hoping to create an algorithm that would determine the quality of news stories and allow our users to seamlessly discern between fact or fiction.
## Instructions for admins
### Running the project
1) npm install
2) bower install
3) cd client and then npm install
### Do the following:
### Load blacklist
Newsgate utilizes the blacklist currated by the creators of https://github.com/bs-detector. In order to load the blacklist:
1) Ensure that Mongo is running<br>
2) Ensure that you've already run 'npm install'<br>
3) Run 'npm run blacklist'
### Update the blacklist
Newsgate includes a script to fetch the latest version of the blacklist from "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bs-detector/bs-detector/dev/ext/data/data.json". When the script runs it will:
1) Add all new blacklisted sites (found in the bs-detector file) to the database<br>
2) Update all existing blacklisted sites to ensure proper categorization<br>
3) Overwrite your local copy of blacklist.js with the updated database content<br>
####In order to update the blacklist:
1) Ensure that Mongo is running<br>
2) Ensure that you've already run 'npm install'<br>
3) Ensure that you've already run 'npm run blacklist'<br>
4) Run 'npm run blacklist:update'
#### Blowing away the database
This will drop the Mongo database.
1) Ensure that Mongo is running<br>
2) Run 'npm run reset'
### Add the chrome extension
1) In chrome://extensions enable developer mode (checkbox in the upper right corner)
2) drag and drop newsgate/ext folder into the extensions window.
3) the extension should show up in your chrome toolbar
## Team (github handle)
- [Evan Chang](https://github.com/MistrBrown) (MistrBrown) - Product Owner
- [James Gu](https://github.com/james-gu) (james-gu) - Scrum Master
- [Matt Walsh](https://github.com/wattmalsh) (wattmalsh) - Dev Team
- [David Wayman](https://github.com/r3dcrosse) (r3dcrosse) - Dev Team
## Legacy Team
David An, Emerson Hum, Forrest Murray, Aaron Trank
| stack_edu |
Delaware Wine and Ale Trail: brewing and winemaking sites
Hit the Trail... ...to discover the First State’s 13 brewing and winemaking sites, from Greenville to Fenwick Island.
Sam Calagione is top dog at Dogfish Head Brewery.
photograph by Jared Castaldi
Whether you find yourself exploring the acres of green farmland at Pizzadili Winery, or saddling up to the bar at Iron Hill Brewery with a pint of Pig Iron Porter, you simply can’t go wrong with any of Delaware’s craft wine and beer producers.
The Delaware Wine and Ale Trail debuted in 2010. A collaborative effort between state tourism officials and Delaware’s 13 unique beer- and wine-makers, the Trail invites tourists and drink-lovers to traverse the state—from Greenville to Fenwick Island—and visit each spot.
The highlights along the way are many, including giant oak brewing vessels at Dogfish Head’s brewery in Milton, and the bubbling freshwater spring at Twin Lakes Brewery in Greenville. They’ll sip Chardonnay at Nassau, ambrosia in Fenwick and Abbey Trippel at Stewart’s Brewing Company in Bear.
There are more great sights and sips waiting to be discovered. Head to visitdelaware.com/wineandale to get started.
New Castle County
1 Twin Lakes Brewing Company | Greenville
2 Iron Hill Brewery & Restaurant | Wilmington
3 Iron Hill Brewery & Restaurant | Newark
4 Stewart’s Brewing Company | Bear
5 Fordham Brewing Company | Dover
6 Old Dominion Brewing Co. | Dover
7 Pizzadili Vineyard & Winery | Felton
8 Dogfish Head Craft Brewery | Milton
9 16 Mile Brewing Company | Georgetown
10 Nassau Valley Vineyards | Lewes
11 Dogfish Head Brewings & Eats | Rehoboth Beach
12 Fenwick Wine Cellars | West Fenwick
13 Evolution Craft Brewing | Delmar | fineweb_edu |
Friday, February 17, 2012
The Week of 2/19/12—Raising Your Vibration
The other day I saw something I've seen a million times. Only this time, I saw it in a completely different way...
My dogs and I took a trip to the park and my boy, Kizzie, decided to go in the river for a dip (nevermind that it's the middle of winter). Anyway, as I saw him standing there, I noticed all the ripples issuing out with him at the center. Each time he moved, a new set of ripples would form. And the ripple effect of each motion would continue out into the river, despite the current. Despite anything. Indefinitely.
His presence was recorded throughout the river that day—through the ripples in the water, the displacement of the air around his ripples, by his ripples meeting the shore and bouncing back. In the same way, his presence was recorded throughout the universe.
Beyond that, on land, the wag of his tail, his body temperature and the sound of his breath had a similar effect in the environment around him, sending forth kinetic, sonic and heat waves from his body.
According to Wikipedia, a wave is a "disturbance (an oscillation) that travels through space and time, accompanied by the transfer of energy." Einstein's famous equation, E=MC2, posits that everything in the universe is energy. So what we see in the water above is Kizzie's energetic body having an effect on the water's energetic body. And since energy is never created or destroyed—only transferred—the effect he has is eternal. Pervasive. Ubiquitous.
Taking this further into metaphysical realms, everything about you is energy, including your thoughts, as different synapses in your brain fire. Everything you do, everything you say, everything you think—everything—interacts with the universe. There's no place to run, no place to hide.
I suppose one way to see this is to say the universe is like a highly sophisticated lie detector. In a lie detector test, your body physiologically responds if you tell a lie. Your heartbeat quickens, your temperature rises, etc. And that piece of equipment captures those measurements.
Lie detectors can be beat, though. The universe can't. It detects the most subtle shifts in your energy—shifts your brain may not even be able to consciously record. And every shift creates a "disturbance that travels through space and time, accompanied by the transfer of energy."
Everything we do and are is recorded in the universe. And everything we do and are creates a disturbance in the universe. And everything we do and are is detected by the energy in the universe, including other people, animals and things. When we're sad, the trees know it. When we lie, our dogs know it. When we crave, the wind knows it. The "knowing" may not be conscious, but it melds with the energies of all that is. It creates a "disturbance" in all that is.
I'm constantly amazed at how small and insignificant, yet how powerful, we are in the universe. Through just our thoughts alone, we can create beauty or pain. I'm not a parent, but I hear parents say all the time "our kids have no idea we're arguing" or "the kids are too young to realize what's going on." And then there are single people like me who think, because we have no kids or partners, that our thoughts and actions have no impact on the world around us.
Even if you're entirely alone, locked in a lead box, you're fooling yourself. The energy of your being is transferred out into the universe and is recorded by every other living on either a profound or subtle level, depending on how relevant it is to the being. Even alone in a lead box, the lead knows. And the disturbance you create in the lead echoes forth, transferring itself to everything else, forever reshaping the environment around you.
When people say "we create our own reality", we really do. Even if you don't believe in that 100%, you shape it with every bit of energy you put out. And you ARE energy, a perpetually vibrating wave, the amplitude and frequency of which shift subtly every millisecond of the day, reaching out to all of creation.
Heavy, I know. But essential to everything from your own spiritual development to the fate of everything that has ever existed or ever will..."a disturbance that travels through space and time."
So as you move through your week, consider these thoughts:
• What effect are you having on the universe in this moment?
• What net effect will you have this week?
• How will you shape your own reality with your next thought?
• What type of "disturbance" do you want to create in your environment moving forward?
• What kind of "disturbances" are you creating in your own body with the thoughts you have?
People in the woo-woo world often refer to their self-development and spiritual work as "raising their vibration" or "walking in the light". If you've heard these phrases and thought they were BS or didn't know what to think, now you know what we're talking about. At some point in a spiritual journey you will ask yourself what effect you have on others and how you can change the world...questions like that. The answer is, literally, never more than a thought away.
Thursday, February 16, 2012
2/17/12-2/19/12—Celebrating Your Abundance
Weekend Reading: Ten of Pentacles from the Victorian Romantic Tarot. The Ten of Pentacles is all about abundance. And if the 1% can teach us anything, it's that abundance breeds abundance. So this weekend, focus on what you have. Better yet, give gratitude for what you have. And while you're at it, give gratitude for what you want as if you already have it! The couple may not have bought anything from the produce vendor, but he knows someone will want apples today. And if someone doesn't want apples, he's got beets and cauliflower and cabbage—all the staples of life. So he's happy as a clam knowing that opportunity is just another passerby away. Chances are, you've got all the staples of life, too. Celebrate that and the opportunity that's on its way. And otherwise rest easy this weekend knowing the universe provides!
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
2/16/12—Channeling Your Inner Doofus
NOTE: I have changed words and images in this entry from the original posting because it was getting countless hits a day from people looking for a certain cartoon character that was mentioned here. It occurred to me that many may be children and, since many serious religious and spiritual topics are discussed here, I thought it best if I removed all mentions of the cartoon character.
Today's Draw: The Nine of Wands from the Simply Deep Tarot. What's the last really stupid or clumsy thing you've done? When did it happen? And did you see it coming and did it anyway?
For some reason, this image amused me. It reminds me of those "d'oh" moments where you do something really stupid—something you should know better than to do—but you don't realize how stupid it was until the consequences come. Maybe this guy happened upon this fire innocently, but today it's looking to me like he thought it was a good idea to light the big log on fire and, once the blaze got really going, realized it would also consume the two bendy straw logs and probably all the others in its wake.
It's possible I may do something like that at least once every day...haha. Today I had my dogs on their leashes when I remembered to get my phone out of the charger. So my living room is kind of narrow and I have a long coffee table and the phone is at the far end of the coffee table and there's a vase of flowers at the near end. So there I am with the dogs on their leashes and they go down one side of the coffee table and I go down the other and, of course, the flowers get toppled and water goes everywhere. I saw it coming and did it anyway.
I had another incident on the way home from our trip to the park where I almost hit another car that either came out of nowhere or I didn't see it because I had a rear view mirror full of dogs. When I finally saw the car, the lady inside was making kissy faces at my dogs and waving at them, oblivious to the fact that I almost plowed right into her without seeing her. Or maybe she was waving at me to stop and had her lips pursed in fear. Either way, she almost died waving.
Which gets me many stupid things do I do in a day that I don't even register? I mean, stuff like this is forgotten as quickly as it happens. How many doofus moments do we have in a day anyway? In my insular little freelance world I'm not even exposed to general society on a regular basis. And I had two incidents I can remember today. When you think about it, it's a wonder life is as safe as it is with as many "near misses" as we have in a day.
So just for fun, make yourself conscious of this and see what happens. See how many times you do something clumsy, narrowly escape serious injury or otherwise create an unintentional nuisance. And for bonus fun, come back here and share your stories with the rest of us. :)
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
2/15/12—Setting Your Own Personal Default
Monday, February 13, 2012
2/14/12—Leaving Beauty in Your Wake
Today's Draw: The Three of Wands from the Victorian Romantic. What are your gifts? How do you use those gifts to bring beauty into your everyday life? And if you don't see your daily obligations as a opportunity to bring beauty to the world, wouldn't today be a good day to start?
I always get a good feeling from this particular card. I get a sense of daydreaming, confidence and planning for a new journey. And I like the added touch of the lyre in his hand, because he's creative, visionary and out of the box. Plus, he's got a really nice arse.
I also never miss sight of the swans gliding along the glassy river, their images reflecting back at them. Our loosely robed musician can't see them yet. But they're about to come into his view and perhaps even color the plans he's creating in his head. What will they spark in him? To move forward with grace? To bring along a partner? To proceed slowly and surely and enjoy the scenery?
Today they're saying to me to move forward with that which reflects beauty to you. For this guy, it's music. For you it may be something different. There are people out there who say they're not creative. But they are. "Creative" just means that you're capable of making something. It doesn't have to "art". But it's actually art within the context of your gifts. It's the beauty you're able to make in this world.
So the question is, what beauty do you make? The beauty a personal assistant may make might be to make life easy for their boss so they can glide effortlessly through their day. A lawyer may make beauty in the way they architect their case. And now and then, I'll turn a phrase in a way that makes a client squeal with delight.
Chances are, no matter what you do, you're pretty good at it. And that, in and of itself, is a beautiful thing. You may not see it that way, but today could be the day to start seeing the beauty you reflect in this world.
Sunday, February 12, 2012
2/13/12—Putting a Barrier Between Ourselves and Happiness
Today's Draw: Eight of Wands from the Steampunk Tarot. Can you see the potential for happiness present in your life right now? Do you ever think you might hold happiness at arm's length? Is it possible you're doing it right now and just don't know it?
The Eight of Wands is a high octane card with the fuel to propel you toward a goal. Often it holds a message of "move quickly" or "strike while the iron is hot".
A lot of times there's not even a human in this card, but in the Steampunk Tarot there is. The sun is in her eyes and you see just enough of her face to know she's very happy. She has a variety of wands to choose from—umbrellas, a walking stick and a riding crop—but she chooses the parasols, seemingly to shield her from the sun.
The sun is illuminating and life giving and, in the tarot, can symbolize happiness. But there's a dark side to everything, even the sun. Too much sun can blind us. It can burn us. It can illuminate more than we're ready for.
So why do you suppose this happy woman placing a barrier between herself and this source of happiness? Is she laying low, protecting herself from being seen by the killjoys in her life? Is she afraid of having too much happiness, possibly leading to incurable heartbreak? Downplaying her happiness so as not to make the sad sacks around her sadder? Is there maybe some seedy underbelly to her that she doesn't want illuminated...something that would brand her undeserving of her happiness? Or is she holding happiness at bay, trying to regulate its flow, for some reason?
I'm pretty sure at one point or another I've been guilty of each of those things. And you know what I got out of it? Less happiness. In fact, when you examine all my unhappy times and my "just average" times, most of what was keeping me from being sunnier is myself. I tend to burden my head with thoughts and, when the sun starts trying to peek in the cracks, I hold it back "until I've completed my thought." It's like I want to experience my happiness under ideal conditions. And by the time I arrange those conditions, it's too late!
Sounds crazy, right? But I bet we've all cheated ourselves out of the full spectrum of joy for one reason or another....made it contingent on some person or set of circumstances out of our control.
Happiness, like every emotion, is a temporary state. It comes and goes. So, like the traditional meaning for this card, we've got to strike while the iron is hot.
If you really think about it, you'll probably see that the potential for happiness is there a good deal of the time. And if we don't fully develop and relish it when we can, then think of the big puddle of this amazing nectar we've cast aside! I mean, if we're going to accept all the blahs and ehs of life, we may as well take all the heehees, too. So if you're feeling kind of eh right you could go either way...what might you be putting between you and the sun? | dclm_edu |
Best Fight Filmsby GhostGMD | created - 13 Jan 2013 | updated - 3 months ago | Public
- Instant Watch Options
- Movies or TV
- IMDb Rating
- In Theaters
- On TV
- Release Year
1. Rocky (1976)
PG | 120 min | Drama, Sport
A small-time boxer gets a supremely rare chance to fight a heavy-weight champion in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect.
Votes: 441,749 | Gross: $117.24M
2. Rocky II (1979)
PG | 119 min | Drama, Sport
Rocky struggles in family life after his bout with Apollo Creed, while the embarrassed champ insistently goads him to accept a challenge for a rematch.
Votes: 159,126 | Gross: $6.39M
3. Rocky III (1982)
PG | 99 min | Drama, Sport
After winning the ultimate title and being the world champion, Rocky falls into a hole and finds himself picked up by a former enemy.
Votes: 143,597 | Gross: $125.05M
4. Rocky IV (1985)
PG | 91 min | Drama, Sport
Rocky Balboa proudly holds the world heavyweight boxing championship, but a new challenger has stepped forward: Drago, a six-foot-four, 261-pound fighter who has the backing of the Soviet Union.
Votes: 155,202 | Gross: $127.87M
5. Rocky V (1990)
PG-13 | 104 min | Drama, Sport
Reluctantly retired from boxing, and back from riches to rags, Rocky takes on a new protege who betrays him, as the champ's son must adjust to his family's new life after bankruptcy.
Votes: 106,786 | Gross: $40.95M
6. Rocky Balboa (2006)
PG | 102 min | Drama, Sport
Thirty years after the ring of the first bell, Rocky Balboa comes out of retirement and dons his gloves for his final fight; against the reigning heavyweight champ Mason 'The Line' Dixon.
Votes: 179,663 | Gross: $70.27M
8. Undisputed 2: Last Man Standing (2006 Video)
R | 98 min | Action, Crime, Drama
Sequel to the 2002 film. This time, Heavyweight Champ George "Iceman" Chambers is sent to a Russian Jail on trumped-up drug charges.
10. Southpaw (2015)
R | 124 min | Drama, Sport
A champion boxer fights to get his daughter back from child protective services as well as revive his professional career, after a fatal incident sends him on a rampant path of destruction.
Votes: 186,584 | Gross: $52.42M
11. Warrior (2011)
PG-13 | 140 min | Drama, Sport
The youngest son of an alcoholic former boxer returns home, where he's trained by his father for competition in a mixed martial arts tournament - a path that puts the fighter on a collision course with his estranged, older brother.
Votes: 382,751 | Gross: $13.66M
12. Never Back Down (2008)
PG-13 | 110 min | Action, Drama, Sport
A frustrated and conflicted teenager arrives at a new high school to discover an underground fight club and meet a classmate who begins to coerce him into fighting.
Votes: 87,609 | Gross: $24.85M
13. Never Back Down 2: The Beatdown (2011 Video)
R | 90 min | Action, Drama, Sport
Four fighters with different backgrounds come together to train under an ex-MMA rising star and then ultimately have to fight each other.
14. Green Street 3: Never Back Down (2013)
R | 93 min | Action, Drama
An old firm leader returns to Green Street for revenge after receiving a call that his little brother was killed, but is he able to cope with a new type of hooliganism and can he find his killer?
15. Undisputed (2002)
R | 94 min | Action, Crime, Drama
When heavyweight champion George "Iceman" Chambers lands in prison, the resident gangster arranges a boxing match with the reigning prison champ.
Votes: 25,453 | Gross: $12.40M
16. Bloodsport (1988)
R | 92 min | Action, Biography, Drama
Follows Frank Dux, an American martial artist serving in the military, who decides to leave the army to compete in a martial arts tournament in Hong Kong where fights to the death can occur.
Votes: 65,720 | Gross: $11.81M
17. Beatdown (2010)
R | 90 min | Action, Crime, Thriller
Brandon, a respected street fighter, is forced to flee the city after his brother is murdered and the money that was supposed to be paid back to a local gangster is stolen. While lying low ... See full summary »
18. Circle of Pain (2010 Video)
R | 90 min | Action, Drama
Following a fighting accident, Dalton Hunt retired from the world of mixed martial arts at the top of his game. As Dalton is lured back into the world of fighting, he strides to become the warrior he once was.
19. Cinderella Man (2005)
PG-13 | 144 min | Biography, Drama, Sport
The story of James Braddock, a supposedly washed-up boxer who came back to become a champion and an inspiration in the 1930s.
Votes: 160,689 | Gross: $61.65M
20. Damage (2009)
R | 102 min | Action, Drama
An ex-con battles it out in the cage to pay for the operation that would save the daughter of his victim. Along the way he finds fatherly love, and friendship, in the most unlikely of places.
22. Locked Down (2010)
R | 99 min | Action, Crime, Thriller
Danny, a respected cop, is setup after an investigation goes wrong. While laying low in his new jail cell, Danny is forced to get involved in the inmates underground cage fighting circuit. ... See full summary »
23. Never Surrender (2009)
R | 87 min | Action, Drama, Thriller
From the cage to the big screen, the world's greatest Mixed Martial Arts Champions come together for the first time in a major motion picture. When an MMA world champion is lured into the ... See full summary »
24. The Fighter (I) (2010)
R | 116 min | Biography, Drama, Sport
Based on the story of Micky Ward, a fledgling boxer who tries to escape the shadow of his more famous but troubled older boxing brother and get his own shot at greatness.
Votes: 303,162 | Gross: $93.62M
25. Unrivaled (2010)
R | 109 min | Action, Drama, Sport
The best fighter in the world works two jobs. The only problem... he doesn't know he's the best. Ringo Duran, the son of Gracie Duran, a famous Argentinian kick boxer, works two jobs to ... See full summary »
26. Dragon Eyes (2012)
R | 91 min | Action, Crime, Drama
In St. Jude, drug dealers and corrupt cops have destroyed an urban neighborhood. But newcomer, Hong, has the fighting skills and moral vision to save this town from itself.
28. Gladiator (1992)
R | 101 min | Action, Drama, Sport
Tommy Riley has moved with his dad to Chicago from a 'nice place'. He keeps to himself, goes to school. However, after a street fight he is noticed and quickly falls into the world of illegal underground boxing - where punches can kill.
Votes: 7,235 | Gross: $9.22M
30. Bloodsport 2 (1996)
R | 90 min | Action, Sport
After thief Alex Cardo gets caught while stealing an ancient katana in East Asia, he soon finds himself imprisoned and beaten up by the crowd there. Especially one of the guards, Demien, ... See full summary »
Votes: 2,572 | Gross: $0.68M
31. Forced to Fight (2011)
Not Rated | 101 min | Action
Blackmailed back into the arena by a ruthless crime boss, a former underground fighting legend must survive a gauntlet of savage matches where losing just one fight... means losing it all.
32. Unleashed (2005)
R | 103 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A man enslaved by the mob since childhood and raised into behaving like a human attack dog escapes his captors and attempts to start a new life.
Votes: 91,325 | Gross: $24.52M
33. Ong-Bak: The Thai Warrior (2003)
R | 105 min | Action, Crime, Thriller
When the head of a statue sacred to a village is stolen, a young martial artist goes to the big city and finds himself taking on the underworld to retrieve it.
Votes: 65,216 | Gross: $4.56M
34. The Protector (2005)
R | 111 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A young fighter named Kham must go to Australia to retrieve his stolen elephant. With the help of a Thai-born Australian detective, Kham must take on all comers, including a gang led by an evil woman and her two deadly bodyguards.
Votes: 32,372 | Gross: $11.91M
36. Tom yum goong 2 (2013)
R | 104 min | Action
When the owner of a major elephant camp is murdered, Kham finds himself the number one suspect and on the run from both the police and the deceased's vengeful twin nieces. But luck is on ... See full summary »
Votes: 5,833 | Gross: $0.00M
38. El Gringo (2012)
R | 99 min | Action, Drama
A man crossing into Mexico with a satchel of $2,000,000, and a bloody past, finds himself under sudden attack in the sleepy town of El Fronteras.
39. Ninja (2009)
R | 86 min | Action, Crime, Drama
A westerner named Casey, studying Ninjutsu in Japan, is asked by the Sensei to return to New York to protect the legendary Yoroi Bitsu, an armored chest that contains the weapons of the last Koga Ninja.
40. Tapped Out (2014)
R | 105 min | Action, Drama, Sport
A disgruntled teenager, sent to do community service at a rundown Karate school, enters an MMA tournament to face the man who killed his parents.
41. Annapolis (2006)
PG-13 | 108 min | Drama, Romance, Sport
Set against the backdrop of boxing at the Naval Academy, centers on a young man from the wrong side of the tracks whose dream of attending Annapolis becomes a reality.
Votes: 18,950 | Gross: $17.13M
42. Grudge Match (2013)
PG-13 | 113 min | Comedy, Drama, Sport
A pair of aging boxing rivals are coaxed out of retirement to fight one final bout, thirty years after their last match.
Votes: 51,622 | Gross: $29.81M
43. The Hurricane (1999)
R | 146 min | Biography, Drama, Sport
The story of Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, a boxer wrongly imprisoned for murder, and the people who aided in his fight to prove his innocence.
Votes: 83,045 | Gross: $50.67M
44. Bleed for This (2016)
R | 117 min | Biography, Drama, Sport
The inspirational story of World Champion Boxer Vinny Pazienza who, after a near fatal car crash which left him not knowing if he'd ever walk again, made one of sport's most incredible comebacks.
Votes: 18,722 | Gross: $4.85M
46. Eliminators (2016)
R | 94 min | Action
A former US Federal Agent must abandon the witness protection program and come out of hiding when his London home is invaded in error due to a wrong address. When the event ends with ... See full summary »
47. Boyka: Undisputed (2016 Video)
R | 86 min | Action, Crime, Drama
In the fourth installment of the fighting franchise, Boyka is shooting for the big leagues when an accidental death in the ring makes him question everything he stands for.
48. Creed (2015)
PG-13 | 133 min | Drama, Sport
The former World Heavyweight Champion Rocky Balboa serves as a trainer and mentor to Adonis Johnson, the son of his late friend and former rival Apollo Creed.
Votes: 195,936 | Gross: $109.77M
49. Accident Man (2018)
R | 105 min | Action, Crime, Thriller
Mike Fallon, the Accident Man, is a stone cold killer whose methodical hits baffle the police and delight his clients. He is the best at what he does. But when a loved one is dragged into ... See full summary » | fineweb_edu |
Handgun Cartridge Crimping
Judging by the volume of questions I've been receiving about the subject, the crimping process for handgun cartridges continues to confuse people that are new to reloading. In this article, I'll try to clarify things.
In reloading terms, the crimp is an operation performed by a die on the mouth of the case. Sometimes the crimp is applied to provide additional 'hold' between the case and the bullet. Other times, it can simply be an operation that removes the belling on a straight-walled case to allow it to chamber freely. Cartridges can be crimped using a dedicated crimping die as an additional operation, or a crimp can be applied with a combination seating/crimping die as the bullet is seated. All handgun cartridges require some sort of crimp.
There are two types of crimp used when reloading handgun cartridges: the roll crimp and the taper crimp.
Roll Crimping
With a roll crimp, the diameter at the very end of the case mouth is reduced, and rolled inward toward the bullet, leaving a slight radius at the top of the case. Since the case mouth is 'embedded' into the side of the bullet, the bullet itself must be of a design capable of accepting a roll crimp; in other words, the bullet must feature some place for the crimp to go. Cast lead bullets designed for a roll crimp feature a crimp groove, into which the case mouth is rolled during the crimping process. Jacketed bullets have a feature called a cannelure. A cannelure is a row of small vertical 'fins' embossed into the jacket around the circumference of the bullet. The purpose of the cannelure is to provide a place for the case mouth to grip the bullet - that will not deform the bullets or allow the case mouth to cut through the jacket. During crimping, the case mouth flattens out the small fins when it is rolled into the bullet.
Bullets suitable for roll crimping
Figure 1 - Jacketed bullet with a cannelure (L) and cast lead bullet with a crimp groove (R ). Both of these bullets can be roll crimped
A roll crimp should not be applied to any cast lead bullet that does not have a crimp groove, or any plated or jacketed bullet without a cannelure. At the very least you will experience reduced accuracy due to a deformed bullet; at worst you'll cut through the plating or bullet jacket, which can strip off when fired and wind up in the barrel or forcing cone. No good can come of that.
Since a roll crimp provides extra hold between the bullet and the case, it should be used in applications where bullet pull is likely. The term 'bullet pull' describes a condition where the bullet in a loaded cartridge works its way out of the case during recoil. This usually occurs in magnum revolvers, or very lightweight revolvers that fire non-magnum cartridges. Under recoil, the sudden backward acceleration of the revolver causes the bullets in the rounds remaining in the cylinder to pull out of the case slightly; and each shot causes more pull. This results in inconsistent ignition, and can even can cause the revolver to lock up after a few shots if a bullet protrudes out the front of the cylinder far enough to contact the frame.
When slower burning powders are used, a strong roll crimp can produce more consistent powder ignition and velocity. The additional hold provided by a roll crimp can keep the bullet in place in the case a tiny fraction of a second longer, which results in a more consistent burn. Magnum revolver cartridges loaded with powders like H110, W296, IMR 4227, or Hodgdon Lil' Gun perform better with a strong roll crimp (this is often mentioned in the reloading manual as well).
When Should a Roll Crimp Be Used?
A roll crimp can be used on any cartridge that headspaces on the rim, belt, or shoulder, when it is loaded with the appropriate bullet (see above). A different type of crimp is needed when the cartridge headspaces on the case mouth, or when a bullet without a cannelure or crimp groove is used.
Taper Crimping
Unlike a roll crimp, a taper crimp does not leave a radiused edge on the case mouth. A taper crimp simply flattens out the 'belling' that was previously done by the expander die, and squeezes the case mouth tightly against (but still mostly parallel to) the sides of the bullet. A taper crimp leaves a distinct 'step' at the top edge of the case mouth.
Bullets suitable for taper crimping
Figure 2 - These bullets have no cannelure or crimp groove, and can be used only with a taper crimp.
When Should a Taper Crimp Be Used?
A taper crimp should be used for any rimless straight-walled or tapered case (like the 9mm, .40 S&W, .45 ACP, etc) because these cartridges headspace on the case mouth. If a roll crimp is used on any of these (or other rimless straight-walled cartridges), the round will not properly headspace in the chamber. Instead, it will likely headspace on the extractor. If conditions are just right - or wrong depending on how you look at it - a cartridge of this type with either a roll crimp or too much taper crimp can fire with the case mouth pushed into the rifling. This will cause an extreme pressure spike which can result in catastrophic failure of the cartridge case and the firearm.
Note that there is no reason why you can't apply a taper crimp to a bullet with a cannelure or crimp groove, however, the bullet does not need to have either of these features in order for a taper crimp to be used.
Crimping Dies
In three-die pistol sets, the seating die does double duty as the crimping die. The seating stem in the die seats the bullet, and the die body itself has an internal contour that will produce a crimp on the case mouth. Therefore, the height of the seating stem controls the bullet seating depth (and cartridge overall length), while the height of the die body in the press controls the amount of crimp. Combination seating/crimping dies are available that will produce a taper crimp only, a roll crimp only, or either type of crimp depending on the height of the die body in the press. Dies of the latter type will produce a taper crimp when the inside of the die body first contacts the case mouth; and will leave a roll crimp if the die is set deeper in the press.
There are dedicated crimping dies available for sale by themselves, or as part of a 4-die pistol set. If a separate crimp die is used, the combination seating/crimping die should be set up only to seat the bullet by backing off the die body a turn or two so that it does not touch the case mouth during the seating process.
Taper crimp die
Figure 3 - A Dedicated separate taper crimp die
Many reloaders that use cast lead bullets for semi-auto pistols prefer a separate taper crimp die. The reason is that a combination seating/crimping die crimps the cartridge during the seating process, while the bullet is still moving. This can result in a small raised 'ridge' of lead at the case mouth that can affect the way the cartridge chambers/headspaces. Separating the seating and crimping operations prevents this ridge from forming.
Setting Up The Crimping Die
Here is an easy way to set up a combination seating/crimping die:
1. Take the die out of the press.
2. Place a sized and belled (but not primed and charged) case into the shell holder, and run the ram all the way up.
3. Remove the seating stem from the die and screw the die body into the press until you feel the die contact the top of the case, then back it OFF one full turn. Run the empty case up and down to verify that the die does not contact the case mouth, and temporarily lock the die in place.
4. Place a bullet onto the empty case, re-install the seating stem into the die, and gradually seat the bullet until you achieve the desired cartridge overall length.
5. Remove the dummy round from the shell holder and put it aside.
6. Back the seating stem way out (or take it out).
7. Put a round of factory ammo into the shell holder and run the ram all the way up.
8. Loosen the locking nut on the die and screw the die body into the press until the die touches the factory round. The crimp shoulder inside the die body is now touching the top of the factory crimp.
9. Lower the press's ram to back the factory round out.
10. If the press cams over at the top of the stroke (like an L-N-L single stage), back the die off 1/4 of a turn. If the press does not cam over at top (like a Rockchucker or most progressives), screw the die in an additional 1/4 turn.
11. Lock the die in place.
12. Remove the factory round, and run your dummy round back up into the die. Reinstall the seating stem and turn it until it touches the top of the bullet. Remove your dummy round and inspect the crimp.
This will get the crimp very close. Adjust as needed, but you should never have to turn the die more than 1/2 turn in either direction from this point onward. If you do, you're doing it wrong. Keep the dummy round you made to use as a gage to aide future setups when you load the same bullets again. For a dedicated crimping die, perform steps 6-11 above, using a factory round as a gage to get the crimp close.
Verifying Proper Crimp
The most valuable tool to help you to verify that you have the right amount of crimp is a cartridge gage. A cartridge gage is a cylinder of steel with a very tight version of your gun's chamber in it. To use the gage, simply drop the finished cartridge into the opening. If it fits in the gage, it will fit in your chamber. These gages are caliber-specific, and allow you to quickly check the cartridge's overall length, diameter, and case length.
Handgun caliber case gage
Figure 4 - A Cartridge Gage can be used to verify the proper amount of crimp
If you haven't crimped enough to fully remove the belling, the cartridge will not gage. If the cartridge won't gage, it might not chamber. Also, if you over-crimp, it is possible to bulge the case just below the mouth to the point where the cartridge is out of spec. A case gage will also detect this condition.
A final step to verify that you're not over taper crimping is to make up a dummy round, and pull the bullet. Inspect the pulled bullet for any deformation where the case mouth was previously located. An obvious dent or ridge around the circumference of the pulled bullet can indicate excessive crimp. | dclm_edu |
A delicious and aromatic ale brewed with a blend of pale and crystal malts, hopped with Galaxy. The Garden Ale has a citrus aroma balanced with clean malt characters and an easy bitter finish. An easy drinking MID-STRENGTH beer.
20 Litre Batch
Grainfather – All Grain
Est. ABV: 3.8%
Est. IBU’s: 27
Est. SG: 1.037
Est. FG: 1.008
MALTS FOR THE MASH:
1.9 kg Maris Otter
200g Medium Crystal
100g Dark Crystal
Add 14 litres of water to your Grainfather and insert inner basket, heat to 70°C. Add grain and stir well. Set temperature to 65°C, attach recirculation arm and recirculate for 60mins. Raise to 75°C and rest for 20 minutes. Raise basket and sparge with 13.5 litres of 75°C water to make pre-boil volume of approximately 26 litres.
HOPS FOR THE BOIL (60 minute total):
10g Ella or Galaxy (15% AA) (60min boil)
1tsp Irish Moss/Whirlfloc (10min boil)
10g Ella or Galaxy (15% AA) (10min boil)
10g Ella or Galaxy (15% AA) (0min boil)
Attach counter-flow chiller and chill the wort. Pump to fermenter and aerate well. Start fermentation as close as possible to 20°C*, preferably with Wyeast 1335 British Ale II, Safale S-04, or Mangrove Jack’s M36 Liberty Bell yeast. On the 5th day of fermentation dry hop with 30g Ella or Galaxy hops for 5 days.
Tips for temperature control:
-Use the chilled water to reach a satisfactory temperature and add yeast immediately.
-Maintain a cool even temperature in the fermenter.
-Place the fermenter in a tray and wrap it in a blanket with an end in a container of water.
-Placing the fermenter on a concrete slab can also help to keep the temperature constant.
–Use a Brewing Thermostat and a fridge for optimum brewing conditions all year round.
Equipment needed for mead making:
– 4 Litre Pot
– Medium Funnel
– 2 x 5L Demijohns
– Bored Bung
– Solid Bung
-To make oak spirit use a 4-5 Litre wide neck glass jar, use around 200-300g of oak blocks or chips and 1 litre of vodka/neutral spirit. Soak for at least 14 days but the flavour intensifies the longer you leave the oak soaking. When ready, strain the oak out by passing it through filter wool in a funnel. | fineweb_edu |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import re
import scrapy
from locations.items import GeojsonPointItem
SCRIPT = 'normalize-space(//script[@type="application/ld+json"]/text())'
def replacement(match):
return match.group().strip() + '; '
class MauriceSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "maurice"
allowed_domains = ["www.maurices.com", "locations.maurices.com"]
download_delay = 0.2
start_urls = (
'https://locations.maurices.com',
)
def parse_store_info(self, store_info):
s_info = json.loads(store_info.xpath(SCRIPT).extract_first())[0]
opening_hours = s_info.get('openingHours', '')
if opening_hours:
hours = re.sub(r"[0-9]+ ", replacement,
opening_hours.strip().replace(' - ', '-'))
hours = re.sub(r"Closed ", replacement, hours)
opening_hours = hours.replace(": ", " ")
props = {
'city': s_info['address']['addressLocality'].strip(),
'state': s_info['address']['addressRegion'].strip(),
'ref': store_info.url,
'website': store_info.url,
'phone': s_info['address']['telephone'].strip(),
'postcode': s_info['address']['postalCode'],
'addr_full': s_info['address']['streetAddress'].strip(),
'lat': float(s_info['geo']['latitude']),
'lon': float(s_info['geo']['longitude']),
'opening_hours': opening_hours,
}
return GeojsonPointItem(**props)
def parse_city_stores(self, response):
store_info_urls = response.xpath('//a[@class="store-info"]/@href').extract()
for store in store_info_urls:
yield scrapy.Request(response.urljoin(store), callback=self.parse_store_info)
def parse_state(self, response):
city_urls = response.xpath('//div[@class="map-list-item is-single"]/a/@href').extract()
for city in city_urls:
yield scrapy.Request(response.urljoin(city), callback=self.parse_city_stores)
def parse(self, response):
state_urls = response.xpath('//div[@class="map-list-item is-single"]/a/@href').extract()
for state in state_urls:
yield scrapy.Request(response.urljoin(state), callback=self.parse_state)
| stack_edu |
UN Women is the UN organization dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. A global champion for women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress on meeting their needs worldwide. Learn more
UN Women is the UN organization dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. A global champion for women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress on meeting their needs worldwide.
Ms. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka is United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women. She was sworn into office on 19 August 2013 and brings a wealth of experience and expertise to this position, having devoted her career to issues of human rights, equality and social justice. Learn more
Ulziisuren Jamsran became UN Women Country Office head, and subsequently, the Country Representative for Moldova in October 2013. Ulziisuren has extensive experience in Moldova and the region, having worked as Gender Adviser for Moldova and Ukraine Learn more
UN Women is committed to independent and objective internal oversight to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its operations. Learn more
The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) is now hiring expert practitioners for the following assignments. Learn more
UN Women procures more than USD 100 million worth of services and goods each year to support its programme of work. UN Women is committed to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women worldwide while delivering green results, with an emphasis on transparency and effectiveness. Learn more | fineweb_edu |
- Dublin, Ireland
- Program Type:
- Intern Abroad
- Degree Level:
- Fall Semester, Spring Semester, Summer
- Work Types:
- Arts & Architecture, Business, Computer Science, Education, Fashion, Hospitality, Journalism, Religion, Sciences & Environment, Social Sciences
- Program Description:
Every year, millions of talented and creative students like you will graduate and enter the job market… at the same time. How will you set yourself up to rise above your competition and land the job you want? CEA’s internships in Dublin allow you to gain the experience and skills employers seek so you can stand out in a crowd of job hunters.
Take advantage of our extensive network of Dublin-based companies to gain practical skills in your field while having a life-changing experience in Ireland’s capital city. With 16-week semester or 8-week summer program options to choose from, our internships feature a 160-hour credit-bearing placement combined with an integrated academic seminar designed to support you over the course of your pre-professional experience in Dublin. Tailored placements help you to meet your academic and professional goals.
Plus, CEA students receive personalized assistance from admissions counselors and site specialists who can answer all your questions. We provide the tools you need to plan a professional and cross-cultural experience you’ll never forget. Upon arrival, we’ll meet you at the airport and provide an orientation for your new home away from home. On-site staff is there to help you along the way. Program price includes housing, cultural activities, transcripts, and more.
- Setting Description:
- Explore centuries of British influence through Dublin's elegant Georgian squares, spacious parks, and impressive public buildings. Live like a local in a student apartment and have the opportunity to share housing with other European students. CEA’s international staff has designed opportunities that enable you to connect directly and meaningfully with the cultures of Dublin and Ireland.
Additional Program Information
- All language levels are welcome. Students must have completed at least one academic year of studies with a 2.75 GPA prior to applying.
Overall RatingNot Yet Reviewd
Be the First to Review this Program | fineweb_edu |
# How do you simplify sqrt2+3sqrt2?
$4 \sqrt{2}$
#### Explanation:
We can think of this in a couple of ways.
One way to approach this is to think of the $\sqrt{2}$ as a thing, like a ball. And so there is 1 ball and we're adding 3 more balls to the mix, so we have:
$1 \text{ ball" + 3 " balls"=4 " balls} \implies 4 \sqrt{2}$
Another way to think of this is to remember that if we multiply anything by 1, we don't change the value of the number. So I can say:
$\sqrt{2} + 3 \sqrt{2} = 1 \sqrt{2} + 3 \sqrt{2}$
I can now factor out the $\sqrt{2}$:
$1 \sqrt{2} + 3 \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{2} \left(1 + 3\right) = \sqrt{2} \left(4\right)$
and then reorder the terms:
$\sqrt{2} \left(4\right) = 4 \sqrt{2}$
Mar 7, 2018
See a solution process below:
#### Explanation:
First, rewrite the expression as:
$\textcolor{red}{1} \sqrt{2} + 3 \sqrt{2}$
Now factor out the common term of $\sqrt{2}$ and simplify:
$\left(\textcolor{red}{1} + 3\right) \sqrt{2} \implies$
$4 \sqrt{2}$ | finemath |
State Representative Sarah LaTourette (R-Bainbridge Township) applauded the passage of House Bill 4 through the Ohio House of Representatives. This legislation works to take further strides in curtailing the opiate drug epidemic in Ohio by expanding access to a life-saving medication.
House Bill 4 expands access to naloxone, a medication used to protect an individual experiencing an opioid-related drug overdose. Naloxone reverses the effects of opioids during an overdose, which can effectively shut down a person’s respiratory system.
After the bill’s passage, Rep. LaTourette released the following statement:
“Addiction, specifically opiate addiction, is a disease that knows no boundaries. It affects the young and the old, the wealthy and the impoverished. It affects the urban, the suburban and even the rural areas in our state. This disease is killing our loved ones at a rapid rate, and although Ohioans have pulled together over recent years in an attempt to combat this horrible epidemic, we still have a lot of work to do.
“House Bill 4 takes us a step closer to ensuring that our loved ones don’t pay the ultimate price due to their disease. It allows families and community members to truly take a more active role in saving lives and adds a level of security to families across Ohio currently living in a state of constant chaos and fear. I thank the bill sponsors for their forward-thinking approach to this epidemic and I am honored to have had the opportunity to co-sponsor such an amazing and vital piece of legislation. I look forward to playing an active role in future legislation to further address this issue.”
The bill allows a physician to authorize naloxone to a patient who is at risk of overdosing or to a person who might be able to assist that patient during an opioid-induced overdose. House Bill 4 also requires a physician to have in writing certain protocol for furnishing naloxone. Additionally, pharmacists will have the ability to dispense the medication with this bill’s passage.
As amended in committee, the legislation also now requires the Ohio Department of Health to create a model protocol for naloxone and gives it permission to sell the medication wholesale to law enforcement officials. Health departments will also have the ability to issue naloxone protocols through their medical director or health commissioner.
House Bill 4 passed with unanimous support on the House floor and it will now head to the Senate for further consideration.
Featured Posts | dclm_edu |
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Here is Everything One Needs to Know about SEO!
Search Engine Optimization is a vast concept that encompasses everything required to build your website traffic. Before we get deeper into the topic, let's get a clear idea of how a search engine works.
The content we upload on our website is visible publicly on the world wide web (www). Now, search engine bots are crawling all over the web like spiders to fetch information from these websites. Once it crawls over the internet content, these bots store the data in search engine data centres of companies like Google. Search Engine Result Pages (SERPs) then use this data to generate search results.
Now that you have a fair idea of how a search engine functions, we shall discuss why we need to optimize our website.
Search Engine Optimization is done to your website so that it stays on top of search engine results organically (organic - unpaid). Paid advertisements give you an edge over the non-paid traffic generation techniques, but if you want to build quality traffic without investing in ads, then SEO is the best way to do so. What can be more satisfying than having a purely organic quantity of traffic on your website?
In short, optimization and indexing can help your website be visible on the initial pages of SERP without investing a penny on ads. If you don't work on optimizing, then your site will get buried under innumerable pages that are delivering similar content or services.
So far, we have come across three important terms:
1) Crawling: Fetching page information from the world wide web.
2) Indexing: Categorizing relevant information into Title, meta tag, content, website categories, etc.
3) Ranking: Sorting websites in ranking order according to the search engine algorithm.
Now you know why SEO is a must-be for your website.
Search engine optimization is an integral component of content writing. A large number of website content writing services include SEO as it forms the framework of page ranking. Your content should align with the algorithm so that it provides value to your website. Content writing agencies mostly include SEO in their packages to render technical support to the content.
Factors Affecting SEO:
In this section, we take help from a leading seo company dubai and ask them about some of the important factors that affect SEO outcomes. If you are looking to turnaround the performance of your SEO campaigns and rework your strategy, you should pay attention to the following section.
The factors that contribute to site optimization can be roughly divided into 4 levels or layers:
1) Domain: Your domain is the identity of your website. Domain name optimization is the first step of SEO. Keywords present in the domain name, domain age and privacy, keywords in the subdomain, domain history, etc. are among the many domain-level factors.
We always suggest using top-level domains such as .com, .net, etc.
2) Pages: You can always optimize the texts and images on your web page to increase its visibility. Some page-level factors that you can look upon are keywords present in URL, title tags, meta tags, description, etc., Page links, page loading speed, page security, content relevancy, length of the content, etc.
3) Site: Valuable content, contact form, sitemap, site navigation, HTTPS, terms & conditions page, etc. determine the reachability of a website. Your website is your online workspace. The more you will increase the accessibility, the more the customers will accumulate.
4) Backlinks: We shall discuss backlinks in detail on the off-page SEO part. However, on a summarized note, the number of good backlinks, the authority of linking domain, alt tags, age of linking domain, linking page quality, etc.
Types of SEO:
If we look at SEO broadly, it has two major categories:
1) On-page site optimization
2) Off-page site optimization
On-page Optimization:
On-page optimization refers to the honing of website text, images, and other elements to increase the page rank. We can do it during web development, as well as the content curation level. On-page SEO helps you with your search engine indexing too.
Now, we can divide it into two parts - keyword related SEO and other technical factors.
Keywords are nothing but words or phrases that people use in their search queries. If you include these keywords on your content, they will help your web page appear in the SERP for that particular phrase or word.
As the name suggests, keyword related factors of SEO involve proper keyword research, keyword weightage, its prominence, as well as its proximity.
The best practice to use keywords is placing one of each on the Title Tag, Meta Tag, Meta Description, and Header of your Content.
You can utilize these keywords on your website in multiple ways, but be very careful about Keyword Stuffing. It is a punishable offense, and the search engine will penalize you if you stuff keywords unethically for the sake of ranking. The optimum frequency of keywords is 3 per 100 words.
Earlier keywords were the primary ranking factor of a website, but with the evolution of search engine algorithms, the content has evolved to be of utmost priority.
Even if a user doesn't search with the exact keyword now, they can land on your website on account of user search relevance, use of synonyms, similar word combinations, or appropriate context.
Since content is the updated primary factor according to the latest algorithm, make sure to keep it reliable and original. Also, focus on rendering value to your viewers by creating relevant and comprehensive content.
Technical factors or non-keyword related search engine optimization include the mobile-friendliness of your website, site URL, and navigation, site security, loading speed, etc. You can resolve the loading speed issue by using free website plugins such as Autoptimize plugin. To secure your site, you can buy an SSL certificate along with your domain name.
Off-page Optimization:
Off-page optimization refers to all the efforts that we do externally, that is outside the website. Building backlinks is a proven off-page SEO technique that generates healthy organic traffic to a website.
Backlinks are incoming and link one site to another. They act as confidence builders for your website. Other websites have vouched for your page and redirect traffic to you. That wins the trust of a fair amount of your audience. Moreover, inbound leads convert as such leads are of superior quality.
You can also let your site images work for your off-page SEO. Build image links by submitting your images to various sites such as Imgur or Flickr, and they will divert traffic to your site.
Building QnA links also increases website reachability. You can link your website to various Q&A platforms such as Quora or Answers Yahoo.
Guest Posting is a key technique for off-page site optimization. You can create contextual links within the article or blog itself or paste your website link on the bio of your profile.
Earlier, directory submission sites were an important factor in site optimization, although it has now lost its popularity.
That was all about the various ways by which you can optimize your website from outside.
Is this jargon-stuffed information too much for you to take in one go?
Don't worry and relax. You can easily understand the behaviour of search engines by keeping a check on the time-to-time algorithm updates. That way, you won't lag in optimizing your site and can fall in line with the latest requirements for search engine ranking.
One Pro-Tip: Always keep your content fresh and updated. Old and untouched content will have no contribution to your SEO. So, examine your previously existing web content and blogs and freshen them up.
As I mentioned at the beginning, SEO is a vast ocean of knowledge that keeps improving with time. There are as many as 200+ factors that help in the optimization of a website. It is practically not possible to cover all of them on a single blog. But I hope it helped you in understanding all the essentials that you need to know to run a basic SEO check on your website.
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by Karen M. Sinson
Most people don't sit down at their desks and make a mental plan to discriminate, judge, or isolate their colleagues. Even so, these behaviors still exist in today's organizations. Understanding the presence of these biases is the first step to recognizing that diversity brings many advantages. Here is the self assessment that's helped millions of individuals in organizations improve working relationships among diverse co-workers and customers. How so? The Diversity Awareness Profile (DAP) is a powerful 24-item assessment that helps people to:
- Increase their awareness of the perceptions they have of others
- Assess the behaviors that most influence interaction with others
- Modify behaviors to build respect for others.
Companies that emphasize employee growth and development are more appealing and less threatening to women. | fineweb_edu |
NCWLIFE Hosts a Town Hall on WHS Bond
WENATCHEE, WA – NCWLIFE Channel will host a Town Hall on Wednesday, March 21 at 7:00 p.m. at Wenatchee High School to discuss the proposed $120-million bond to repair and improve WHS.
Dan Kuntz will be our host and moderator for the 1-hour special program, broadcast LIVE on the NCWLIFE Channel 12 (LocalTel), 19 (Charter), 47.1 (Over the Air) streaming on our website at www.NCWLIFE.com/live-stream or on the NCWLIFE Facebook Page.
Citizen questions are welcome now via email at [email protected] or directly through the NCWLIFE Facebook Page or Twitter. Questions may also be submitted through the comment section of the NCWLIFE Facebook Page during the broadcast.
Great Opportunity to Learn More about WHS Bond
This night is designed for information only. The public is welcome to attend and listen as members of the Wenatchee School District, High School, students and a citizen’s committee presentation. They’ll discuss Wenatchee High School’s history and current condition; the process and planning that went into a solution; how much the solution will cost; and how it will be financed. The final segment of the program will be set aside for questions and answers from the community.
Town Hall to be held in Wenatchee High School’s LGI
The Wenatchee School District Town Hall will be held at Wenatchee High School’s LGI (Large Group Instruction Room). From the main entrance at Wenatchee High School, turn left and down the hallway. Then turn right and up the hallway. You’ll go past the library and turn right at the next hall. The LGI will be on your right.
Note: This forum is hosted by NCWLIFE Channel and is being held at Wenatchee High School in the Large Group Instruction room (or LGI). The sole purpose of this forum is to provide information and answer questions pertaining to the proposed construction bond being put before Wenatchee School District voters April 24th. NCWLIFE will direct the forum and its content. No other topics will be discussed at this particular meeting.
To learn more information about the bond proposal, click HERE. | fineweb_edu |
#pragma once
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <unordered_map>
typedef unsigned int uint;
enum class Trit_value {
UNKNOWN = 0x00, // 0
TRUE = 0x01, // 1
FALSE = 0x02 // 2
};
class Trit_set {
public:
explicit Trit_set(size_t capacity_ = 0); /*Default Ctor*/
Trit_set(Trit_set const& T); /*Copy Ctor*/
class Trit { /* Subclass */
public:
uint& Trit_block; // reference to 16 trits
size_t index_in_block; // index in 16 trits
bool is_initialized; // this field show status of initilizing trit with index index_in_block
Trit_set* obj; // this field need to make resize if we assign Trit_vlaue::UNKNOWN
Trit(uint& Trit_block_, size_t index_in_block_, bool is_initialized_, Trit_set* obj_); /* Ctor of subclass */
void swap(Trit& T);
Trit& operator= (Trit const& T);
Trit_value operator!(); // overload for unary '!'
Trit_value operator&(Trit_value second); // binary '&' operation
Trit_value operator|(Trit_value second); // binary '|' operation
Trit_value get_value(); // get value for printing
Trit& operator= (Trit_value value); // overload of binary '='
};
void swap(Trit_set& T); // special swap object function
Trit_set& operator= (Trit_set const& T); // operator = for objects
size_t size() const; // method which return capacity of array
Trit operator[] (size_t index);
Trit_set& operator!(); // unar operator '!' for set
Trit_set operator&(Trit_set& second); // binary operator '&' for set
Trit_set operator|(Trit_set& second); // binary operator '|' for set
void shrink(); // this method reallocate memory
size_t length(); // this method returns place of last !UNKNOWN trit
void trim(size_t last_index); // this method forgets all the contents of the array starting from the
//index passed by the argument
size_t cardinality(Trit_value value); // this method returns quantity of Trit_value in argument
// in the case of Trit_value::UNKNOWN this method returns quantity of
//Trit_value::UNKNOWN before significant trit
std::unordered_map<Trit_value, size_t> cardinality(); // this method is overload of previous method,
// this method returns unordered_map with
// Key = Trit_value, Val = cardinality(Trit_value)
private:
size_t capacity;
std::vector<uint> data;
size_t old_capacity;
void resize(size_t new_capacity);
}; | stack_edu |
[List All Series] [List Series Images]
Big Blue Bubble
Complexity Level : Intermediate (Some Game Elements)
Format : eBook
Game System : Combat
Game System : Inventory Management
Game System : Randomization Method : Dice
Genre : Fantasy
Product Family : Fighting Fantasy
Target Age Group : Older Children
Target Age Group : Teenagers
Writing Style : Present Tense
Writing Style : Second Person
Based on the renowned Fighting Fantasy series of gamebooks by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone, Big Blue Bubble were given the license to produce a number of digital versions. The digital counterparts were very faithful to the content of the original books, and included features such as: • Tap the on screen buttons to flip pages • Shake to roll the 3D dice using the accelerometer • Inventory items selectable via touch-screen • Game-saves, allowing you to retrace your steps • Beautifully painted illustrations • A scrolling image gallery where you can view the in-game artwork you've unlocked. • Universal app iPad support NOTE -- June 2012: Big Blue Bubble are no longer licensed to sell Fighting Fantasy products and it is anticipated that these digital gamebooks will be removed from the app store in the very near future.
No comments available.
Please log in to leave a comment. | fineweb_edu |
Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) is an essential mediator of cytokine receptor signaling and plays important roles in the proliferation of alveolar progenitors and the survival of functionally differentiated epithelial cells in the mammary gland. A deregulated expression and activation of Stat5 leads to precocious alveolar development in the absence of pregnancy hormones, impaired mammary gland remodeling following the cessation of lactation, and mammary tumor formation. We reported previously that Stat5 induces the transcription of the Akt1 gene from a novel promoter. In this report, we provide experimental evidence that Akt1 is an essential mediator for the biological function of Stat5 as a survival factor. Additionally, Stat5 controls the expression of the regulatory and catalytic subunits of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (p85α and p110α), thereby greatly augmenting signaling through the prosurvival PI3K/Akt pathway. In agreement with this model, we observed that the constitutive activation of Stat5 cooperates with the loss of function of the tumor suppressor PTEN by accelerating the formation of preneoplastic lesions and mammary tumors. The mammary gland-specific ablation of Stat5 is sufficient to prevent mammary carcinogenesis in a genuine mouse model for Cowden syndrome. Therefore, targeting the Jak2/Stat5 pathway might be a suitable strategy to prevent breast cancer in patients that carry a mutant PTEN allele. | fineweb_edu |
# Separable polynomial over field of characteristic 0
Let $\displaystyle K$ be a field of characteristic 0. Let $\displaystyle f \in K[X]$ be an irreducible polynomial. I want to prove that $\displaystyle f$ has no repeated roots in its splitting field. i.e. I want to show that it is separable.
It we let $\displaystyle f'$ denote the formal derivative of $\displaystyle f$.
So assume (for contradiction) that $\displaystyle f$ is not separable. Then it has a double root in it's splitting field, $\displaystyle \Sigma_f$, it we call this root $\displaystyle \alpha \in \Sigma_f$. Then $\displaystyle f, f'$ have a common divisor of degree at least 1 in $\displaystyle \Sigma_f[X]$, let's call it $\displaystyle g(X)$.
I get that if this common divisor, $\displaystyle g(X)$ is actually in $\displaystyle K[X]$ we get a contraction (because $\displaystyle f(X)$ is irreducible), but what if $\displaystyle g(X) \in \Sigma_f [X] \setminus K[X]$? | finemath |
Buprenorphine Treatment
Pills in Yellow contain
Defining Buprenorphine Treatment
Buprenorphine, technically speaking is a partial opioid agonist which is potent enough to produce typical opioid agonist effects and a cluster of side effects ranging from respiratory depression to euphoria. Being an opioid and a derivative of the poppy plant, Buprenorphine has properties similar to those of full opioid agonists (widely known as narcotics) like heroin, morphine etc. The effects of Buprenorphine even at the maximum level do not compete with the likes of heroin and morphine which are full agonists, and therefore, it is considered to be a milder drug. It is due to this mildness of the drug that it is used in drug addiction therapy of the stronger opioids like heroin etc. This is one reason that Buprenorphine is the newest medication in the drug treatment toolkit and the evidence available from various Buprenorphine studies and clinical experience of various experts in drug treatment using the particular drug has been quite convincing.
The Buprenorphine treatment program administers the drug to the individual in higher doses in order to treat the debilitating opioid dependence. When Buprenorphine is administered to an individual, it acts on the same receptors as that of Heroin and Morphine. Upon the activation of these opioid receptors, the individual undergoes the same high, but not of the same intensity and euphoric state as induced by stronger opioids. Partaking of this drug helps the person relieve himself of drug cravings without actually resorting to the stronger drug. This forms the basis of the Buprenorphine treatment program.
When heroin is consumed by an individual (by any method), the opioid receptors in the brain are fully activated which in case of Buprenorphine remain only partially activated. It is due to the fully activated receptors that individuals feel a surge of euphoric sensation within the body and the central nervous system. The body becomes immensely dependent on the intense high and the euphoric sensation so much so that if the drug is not consumed, the individual goes through terrible physical and mental pain. What Buprenorphine does is it substitutes for the stronger opioids and curbs the withdrawal symptoms making the addiction program much easier. Some other recovery programs are Dual Diagnosis Treatment, Luxury Rehab, Drug Free Pain Management, Equine Assisted Psychotherapy etc.
How Buprenorphine Treatment Can Help
Buprenorphine is a safer and much secure way of drug treatment when compared to other opioids like Methadone used for the same purpose. The likelihood of respiratory depression from the usage of Buprenorphine is less when compared to other drugs belonging to the same cluster; moreover, there is no evidence of organ dysfunction or cognitive or psychomotor disruption due to a prolonged usage of Buprenorphine when compared to similar drugs like Methadone.
The agonist effects of Buprenorphine do not increase with increasing dosage until after a certain point i.e. after reaching a plateau at moderate doses. This is called as the ceiling effect because of which even after more doses the effect of the drug doesn’t increase. It is due to this effect that Buprenorphin has lower risk of addiction, abuse and lesser side effects when compared with full opioid agonists. Buprenorphine also has poor bioavailability because of which it proves to be safer in a situation of overdose than full agonists.
Another way in which the Buprenorphine treatment is helpful is the ease of therapy involved when compared to Methadone. Methadone clinics, most often, are often located in remote and inconvenient areas which aren’t easily accessible and the fact that Methadone treatment requires daily visits to the clinic; it makes rehabilitation a major hassle. Buprenorphine treatment on the other hand does not require daily visits to the doctor. Moreover, inpatient therapy is required only for a short while initially, post which i.e. after being stabilized on the medication, the patient is only required to visit the doctor once a month at convenient timings.
Searching is Fast, Free And Private, Why Wait? | dclm_edu |
**2.2 Lifetime Risks of Mental and Physical Chronic Health Conditions**
Imagine you are playing tag with your friends at recess. You run and laugh as you chase each other around the playground. It's so much fun! But what happens when one day, you wake up feeling too tired to get out of bed? Your body aches all over, and even just walking to the bathroom feels impossible. This could be the start of a chronic health condition.
Chronic means something that lasts for a long time, usually more than three months. There are many different kinds of chronic health conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, and anxiety. Sometimes these conditions can make it hard for us to do things we enjoy, like playing tag with our friends.
Now, imagine if there was a way to prevent some of these chronic health conditions from happening in the first place. That's where early relational health comes in! By building strong relationships with caring adults, kids like you can reduce your risk of developing certain chronic health conditions later in life.
Adverse Child Experiences (ACEs), which we learned about in section 2.1, can increase the likelihood of developing chronic health conditions. ACEs like abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction can cause stress in the body that builds up over time. If not addressed, this stress can lead to problems with both mental and physical health.
Let's take a closer look at how ACEs can affect mental and physical health:
**Mental Health:** When we experience ACEs, our brains may develop differently than those who don't. We might struggle with feelings of sadness, worry, or anger. These feelings can sometimes become overwhelming and turn into mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. Children who have experienced four or more ACEs are twice as likely to have depression and four times as likely to have anxiety compared to children without ACEs.
But here's the good news – by building positive relationships, kids can learn healthy ways to cope with difficult emotions and reduce their risk of developing mental health conditions.
**Physical Health:** Stress caused by ACEs doesn't only affect our minds; it also impacts our bodies. Over time, high levels of stress hormones can damage organs and systems throughout the body, leading to chronic health conditions like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. In fact, people who have experienced six or more ACEs are 30% more likely to develop heart disease and nearly twice as likely to suffer a stroke.
However, research shows that supportive relationships during childhood can help protect against these negative outcomes. Kids who feel loved and cared for have better overall health and reduced risks of chronic diseases.
So remember, taking care of your emotional wellbeing is just as important as brushing your teeth or eating your vegetables. Build strong connections with family members, teachers, coaches, and friends. Reach out for support when needed, express gratitude, practice empathy, and engage in kind acts towards others. All of these actions will contribute to your lifelong journey toward optimal health and happiness! | cosmopedia_v2 |
ANCHOVY in Scrabble
ANCHOVY is accepted in Scrabble (sowpods, twl06). It is a 7-letter word and contains the following letters A C H N O V Y (sorted alphabetically). ANCHOVY is a noun. Displaying clues with their related answers, definition of clue, synonyms and pronunciation if aviailable.
Score table for ANCHOVY
GameWordPoints totalDB Support
Definition of ANCHOVY
Tiny fishes usually canned or salted
Used for hors d'oeuvres or as seasoning in sauces
Small herring-like plankton-eating fishes often canned whole or as paste
Abundant in tropical waters worldwide
Synonyms of ANCHOVY
noun fish
nounsoft-finned fish, malacopterygian
Wiktionary says
1. Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus is widely sold as food.
Score table
2p. D, G
3p. B, C, M, P
4p. F, H, V, W, Y
5p. K
8p. J, X
10p. Q, Z | dclm_edu |
We have two types of team
The retrieve team is a list of the pilots you are grouped with for retrieve. If you have an accident or are missing these pilots in your retrieve group should raise an alert.
We need to collect the UHF radios frequency of your retrieve team which we will use together with the driver’s name and mobile phone number should we need to communicate with him thus to you in an emergency
Add your retrieve team details here
The flying team is a list of pilots that you have chosen to fly with. There are fun prizes for the flying team that does well each day and are accumulated at the end of the competition. The flying teams have bonuses to pilot scores depending on gender and EN category
Add your flying team details here | fineweb_edu |
Kim's Company Game
How it Works
Participants are given a series of objects hidden in a box or under a sheet. The sheet is lifted to reveal the objects for a few moments and each team member must write down as many of them as possible. When the time is up, the group members must come together and make an overall list, then check if and how many objects they have properly identified out of the total number.
The exercise is then repeated with another set of objects, but this time the team has time to get organised, dividing the tasks in order to recall more objects. Once the time is up, a further final discussion ensues to check how many objects were identified and compare the list with the one from the first activity. The sessions can also be repeated several times with mixed teams to underline the importance of each team member’s contribution to making the company dynamic and effective in the market.
Formazione In presenza Proleven
Formazione In Videoconferenza Proleven
Via Web
Formazione In presenza Proleven
Formazione In Videoconferenza Proleven
Via Web
The Benefits
Develop awareness that each team member has strengths that must be leveraged to achieve corporate objectives quickly and with satisfaction.
Drawing Out Potential
Promotes the team’s ability to identify the potential of each of its members, drawing it out to make the team stronger and able to achieve corporate objectives.
The Importance of Each Member
Teaches team members that each one is important for their strengths and that one person’s potential can be harnessed to fill another’s gaps and thus reach the goal together.
Organisation of Tasks
Improves the team’s ability to identify strategies to effectively divide tasks among various members, depending on the difficulties faced in that moment and the abilities of each.
Thinking Outside the Box
It stimulates creativity through a relaxed and fun climate, instructing participants to think outside the box to identify as many objects as possible and get involved.
Tailor-made for your team
Proleven’s team building and team development programs are designed to develop teams by acting on the causes of what is wrong or what needs to be improved, through the following phases:
Proleven Misure Team
The initial assessment allows you to understand where you are and where you want to go.
Freccia Blu
Proleven Misure Team
We design a path that is tailored to your needs.
Freccia Azzurra
Proleven Misure Team
Implementation of the program and monitoring of the training.
Would you like more information?
Our clients
Most Requested Services
What they say about us
Want to stay updated on the latest news? | dclm_edu |
?:( HI, I would like to know if there is a way to convert mkv to mpeg or avi so I can burn it after. I downloaded the matroski pack and WMP can read it but I can’t open the file in nero to burn it.........
VirtualDubMod, a spinoff on virtualdub, can natively decode matroska files. You can convert mkv to avi. If the codec is supported in an avi container you could do a direct stream copy (lossless transfer of video/audio data).
http://medialifeshare.altervista.org/play-mkv-on-ps4/In this article, the author turns MKV to AVI.
So far the best software I have used time and time again and it’s never let me down is Pazera. They do MKV to avi/mpg, as well as other formats and video and audio suites. The great thing with it specially with MKV being a container rather than a format is I can look at the info and it tells me such thing like H264 video mpg4, ac3 audio at 384mbps. I can output as Xvid using the same settings or NTSC/PAL DVD format.If you output MKV to DVD mpg you can edit it easily in a editor or use it like it is and burn to DVD. I’ve yet to find Pazera software fail me... plus it’s free :D
The way to think about MKV as I do is more like a zip file. It’s not a 'format' in itself as it can have numerous video and audio formats inside it, it’s a video 'container'. Having an MKV codec is fine as long as the MKV file has used the ones you have installed, if not then you’re back to square one. I find personally MKV to be more trouble that it’s worth but some people will insist on using them. Pazera MKV to AVI so far has been the best and easiest thing I used and it’s never failed me. | fineweb_edu |
Hill and Banayan of Winick represent landlord in lease to Big Smoke Burger at 70 Seventh Avenue
June 24, 2013 - New York City
The location, which had been occupied by the previous tenant for 20 years, includes 1,000 s/f on the ground floor, 500 s/f in the basement, and 880 s/f in an outdoor courtyard. Winick Realty Group's Alexander Hill and Jonathan Banayan represented landlord, Group 868 Inc.
Big Smoke Burger, who plans to open the restaurant in the next four months, was represented by Ross Berkowitz of RKF.
"This is a great location to launch Big Smoke Burger in the New York market," said Hill. "This area of Chelsea is growing rapidly and with the 1, 2, 3 subway stop right nearby, the storefront is going to get seven-day foot traffic." | fineweb_edu |
Sie sind auf Seite 1von 38
# Correlation and
Regression
17-2
Regression
Regression: It is to explain the variation in one variable
(dependent variable), based on the variation in one or
more other variables (called independent variable)
Ex: To explain the variations in sales of a product based
on advertising expenses, number of sales people,
number of sales offices. Correlation & Regression are
generally performed together.
Correlation: to measure the degree of association
between two sets of quantitative data. (EX: How the
advertising expenditure correlated with other
promotional expenditure). Correlation is usually
followed by regression analysis.
17-3
## Variable Selection Methods
Stepwise procedures
procedures
Stepwise
Forward
Forward selection
selection
onevariable
variableat
ataatime
timeto
tothe
themodel,
model,on
onthe
thebasis
basisof
ofits
its
statistic
FFstatistic
Backward
Backward elimination
elimination
Removeone
onevariable
variableat
ataatime,
time,on
onthe
thebasis
basisof
ofits
itsFF
Remove
statistic
statistic
Stepwise
Stepwise regression
regression
variablesto
tothe
themodel
modeland
andsubtracts
subtractsvariables
variablesfrom
from
themodel,
model,on
onthe
thebasis
basisof
ofthe
theFFstatistic
statistic
the
17-4
Using Statistics
Lines
B
Slope: 11
x1
Intercept: 00
x
Any two points (A and B), or
an intercept and slope (0 and
1), define a line on a twodimensional surface.
Planes
x2
Any three points (A, B, and C), or an
intercept and coefficients of x1 and x2
(0 , 1, and 2), define a plane in a
three-dimensional surface.
17-5
## Least-Squares Estimation: The 2-Variable
Normal Equations
Minimizing the sum of squared errors with respect to the
estimated coefficients b0, b1, and b2 yields the following
normal equations which can be solved for b0, b1, and b2.
y nb b x b x
0
x y b x b x b x x
2
x y b x b x x b x
2
2
2
17-6
Example
YY
72
72
76
76
78
78
70
70
68
68
80
80
82
82
65
65
62
62
90
90
----743
743
XX11
12
12
11
11
15
15
10
10
11
11
16
16
14
14
88
88
18
18
----123
123
XX22
55
88
66
55
33
99
12
12
44
33
10
10
----65
65
2
1X2
XX1X
XX121
2
60
144
60
144
88
121
88
121
90
225
90
225
50
100
50
100
33
121
33
121
144
256
144
256
168
196
168
196
32
64
32
64
24
64
24
64
180
324
180
324
----------869 1615
1615
869
2
XX222
25
25
64
64
36
36
25
25
99
81
81
144
144
16
16
99
100
100
----509
509
1Y
XX1Y
864
864
836
836
1170
1170
700
700
748
748
1280
1280
1148
1148
520
520
496
496
1620
1620
------9382
9382
2Y
XX2Y
360
360
608
608
468
468
350
350
204
204
720
720
984
984
260
260
186
186
900
900
------5040
5040
NormalEquations:
Equations:
Normal
743==10b
10b+123b
0+123b+65b
1+65b2
743
0
1
2
9382==123b
123b+1615b
0+1615b+869b
1+869b2
9382
0
1
2
5040==65b
65b+869b
0+869b+509b
1+509b2
5040
0
1
2
47.164942
bb00==47.164942
1.5990404
bb11==1.5990404
1.1487479
bb22==1.1487479
Estimatedregression
regressionequation:
equation:
Estimated
47164942
15990404
11487479
47164942
YY
..
15990404
..
XX11 11487479
..
XX22
17-7
## The k-Variable Multiple Regression
Model
Thepopulation
populationregression
regressionmodel
modelof
ofaa
The
dependentvariable,
variable,Y,
Y,on
onaaset
setof
ofkk
dependent
independentvariables,
variables,XX,1,XX,.2,.. .. ., ,XXkisis
independent
1
2
k
givenby:
by:
given
Y=0++X
+X
+. .. .. .++X
+
1X1+
2X2+
kXk+
Y=
0
where0isisthe
theY-intercept
Y-interceptof
ofthe
the
where
0
regressionsurface
surfaceand
andeach
eachi, ,ii==1,2,...,k
1,2,...,k
regression
i
theslope
slopeof
ofthe
theregression
regressionsurface
surface-isisthe
sometimescalled
calledthe
theresponse
responsesurface
surface-sometimes
withrespect
respecttotoXX.i.
with
i
x2
x1
y 0 1 x1 2 x 2
Modelassumptions:
assumptions:
Model
2
~N(0,2),
),independent
independentofofother
othererrors.
errors.
1.1. ~N(0,
Thevariables
variablesXXiare
areuncorrelated
uncorrelatedwith
withthe
theerror
errorterm.
term.
2.2. The
i
17-8
## Simple and Multiple Least-Squares
Regression
y
x1
y b0 b1x
X
simpleregression
regressionmodel,
model,
model
InInaasimple
model
theleast-squares
least-squaresestimators
estimators
the
minimizethe
thesum
sumof
ofsquared
squared
minimize
errorsfrom
fromthe
theestimated
estimated
errors
regressionline.
line.
regression
x2
y b0 b1 x1 b2 x 2
multipleregression
regressionmodel,
model,
model
InInaamultiple
model
theleast-squares
least-squaresestimators
estimators
the
minimizethe
thesum
sumofofsquared
squared
minimize
errorsfrom
fromthe
theestimated
estimated
errors
regressionplane.
plane.
regression
17-9
## The Estimated Regression
Relationship
Theestimated
estimatedregression
regressionrelationship:
relationship:
relationship
The
relationship
Y b0 b1 X 1 b2 X 2 bk X k
whereY isisthe
thepredicted
predictedvalue
valueof
ofY,
Y,the
thevalue
valuelying
lyingon
onthe
the
where
estimatedregression
regressionsurface.
surface. The
Theterms
termsbbi,i,for
forii==0,
0,1,1,....,k
....,kare
are
estimated
theleast-squares
least-squaresestimates
estimatesof
ofthe
thepopulation
populationregression
regression
the
parametersi.i.
parameters
Theactual,
actual,observed
observedvalue
valueof
ofYYisisthe
thepredicted
predictedvalue
valueplus
plusan
an
The
error:
error:
+.....++bbkkxxkjkj+e,
+e, jj==1,1,,
,n.n.
yyj j==bb00++bb11xx1j1j++bb22xx2j2j+.
17-10
## The product moment correlation, r, summarizes
the strength of association between two metric
(interval or ratio scaled) variables, say X and Y.
## It is an index used to determine whether a linear or
straight-line relationship exists between X and Y.
## As it was originally proposed by Karl Pearson, it is
also known as the Pearson correlation coefficient.
It is also referred to as simple correlation, bivariate
correlation, or merely the correlation coefficient.
17-11
## Product Moment Correlation
From a sample of n observations, X and Y, the
product moment correlation, r, can be
n
calculated
as:
=1 (X i X )(Y i Y )
i
n
r=
=1
i
(X i X )2 (Y i Y )2
i =1
=1
i
n
r=
=1
i
(X i X )(Y i Y )
n1
(X i X )2
n1
COV x y
SxSy
i =1
(Y i Y )2
n1
17-12
## r varies between -1.0 and +1.0.
The correlation coefficient between two
variables will be the same regardless of their
underlying units of measurement.
17-13
Partial Correlation
A partial correlation coefficient measures the
association between two variables after controlling for,
or adjusting for, the effects of one or more additional
variables.
rx y . z =
rx y (rx z )(ry z )
1rx2z 1ry2z
## Partial correlations have an order associated with them.
The order indicates how many variables are being
17-14
## Statistics Associated with Bivariate
Regression Analysis
## Bivariate regression model. The basic
is
1 Y =
0
regression equation
+ Xi + ei, where Y =
i
dependent or criterion variable, X = independent
1 of the line,
or predictor
= intercept
=
0 variable,
slope of the line, and ei is the error term
associated with the i th observation.
## Coefficient of determination. The strength of
association is measured by the coefficient of
determination, r 2. It varies between 0 and 1 and
signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y
that is accounted for by the variation in X.
## Estimated or predicted value. The estimated
or predicted value of Yi is i = a + b x, where i is
the predicted value of YYi, and a and b are Y
estimators of
0 and 1 , respectively.
17-15
## Statistics Associated with Bivariate
Regression Analysis
## Scattergram. A scatter diagram, or
scattergram, is a plot of the values of two
variables for all the cases or observations.
## Standard error of estimate. This statistic,
SEE, is the standard deviation of the actual Y
Y predicted
values from the
values.
## Standard error. The standard deviation of
b, SEb, is called the standard error.
17-16
## Statistics Associated with Bivariate
Regression Analysis
## Standardized regression coefficient. Also
termed the beta coefficient or beta weight, this
is the slope obtained by the regression of Y on X
when the data are standardized.
## Sum of squared errors. The distances of all
the points from the regression line are squared
and added together to arrive at the sum of
squared errors, which is a measure of total2 error,
e j
.
## t statistic. A t statistic with n - 2 degrees of
freedom can be used to test the null hypothesis
that no linear relationship exists between X and
Y, or H0: 1 = 0, where
t= b
SEb
17-17
## Bi-variate Regression Analysis Test for
Significance
The statistical significance of the linear relationship
between X and Y may be tested by examining the
hypotheses:
H0 : 1 = 0
H1 : 1 0
A t statistic with n - 2 degrees of freedom can be
used, where
b
t=
SEb
## SEb denotes the standard deviation of b and is
called
the standard error.
17-18
Multiple Regression
The general form of the multiple regression
model
is as follows:
Y = 0 + 1 X1 + 2 X2 + 3 X3+ . . . + k Xk + e
## which is estimated by the following equation:
= a + b 1 X 1 + b 2 X 2 + b 3X 3 + . . . + b kX k
## As before, the coefficient a represents the
intercept,
but the b's are now the partial regression
coefficients.
17-19
Regression
## Adjusted R2. R2, coefficient of multiple
determination, is adjusted for the number of independent
variables and the sample size to account for the
diminishing returns. After the first few variables, the
additional independent variables do not make much
contribution. R2 = R2 (( 1- R2 ) / n- k - 1 )
Coefficient of multiple determination. The strength
of association in multiple regression is measured by the
square of the multiple correlation coefficient, R2, which is
also called the coefficient of multiple determination.
F test. The F test is used to test the null hypothesis that
the coefficient of multiple determination in the
population, R2. This is equivalent to testing the null
hypothesis. The test statistic has an F distribution with k
and (n - k - 1) degrees of freedom.
17-20
Stepwise Regression
The purpose of stepwise regression is to select, from a large
number of predictor variables, a small subset of variables
that account for most of the variation in the dependent or
criterion variable. In this procedure, the predictor variables
enter or are removed from the regression equation one at a
time.
## Forward inclusion. Initially, there are no predictor
variables in the regression equation. Predictor variables are
entered one at a time, only if they meet certain criteria
specified in terms of F ratio. The order in which the variables
are included is based on the contribution to the explained
variance.
## Backward elimination. Initially, all the predictor variables
are included in the regression equation. Predictors are then
removed one at a time based on the F ratio for removal.
17-21
Multicollinearity
## Multicollinearity arises when intercorrelations
among the predictors are very high.
Multicollinearity can result in several problems,
including:
The partial regression coefficients may not be
estimated precisely. The standard errors are likely
to be high.
The magnitudes as well as the signs of the partial
regression coefficients may change from sample
to sample.
It becomes difficult to assess the relative
importance of the independent variables in
explaining the variation in the dependent variable.
Predictor variables may be incorrectly included or
removed in stepwise regression.
17-22
## Decomposition of the Total Deviation in a
Multiple Regression Model
Total deviation: Y Y
Y Y: Error Deviation
Y Y : Regression Deviation
x1
x2
TotalDeviation
Deviation==Regression
RegressionDeviation
Deviation++Error
ErrorDeviation
Deviation
Total
SST
SST
==
SSR
SSR
SSE
++ SSE
17-23
## The F Test of a Multiple Regression Model
statisticaltest
testfor
forthe
theexistence
existenceof
ofaalinear
linearrelationship
relationshipbetween
betweenYYand
andany
anyor
or
AAstatistical
allof
ofthe
theindependent
independentvariables
variablesXX,1,xx,2,...,
...,XX:k:
all
1
2
k
...==
k= 0
HH0:0: 11==22==...=
k 0
Notall
allthe
thei(i=1,2,...,k)
(i=1,2,...,k)are
areequal
equaltoto00
HH1:1: Not
i
S
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
S
u
m
o
f
S
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u
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S
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f
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aarriaiatitoionnSSqquuaarreess
R
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eeggrreesssioionnSSSR
E
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rrroorr SSSE
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oota
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FR
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eeaannSSqquuaarree F
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kk
nn--((kk++11))
nn--11
SSR
MSR
MSE
SSE
( n ( k 1))
MST
SST
( n 1)
17-24
## How Good is the Regression
The mean square error is an unbiased
estimator of the variance of the population
2
errors, , denoted by :
( y y) 2
MSE
( n ( k 1)) ( n ( k 1))
SSE
x1
x2
## Standard error of estimate:
s = MSE
Errors: y - y
2
The multiple coefficient of determination, R , measures the proportion of
the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the combination
of the independent variables in the multiple regression model:
SSR
SSE
R =
=1SST
SST
2
17-25
## Decomposition of the Sum of Squares
and the Adjusted Coefficient of
Determination
SST
SSR
R
SSE
=
SSR
SST
= 1-
SSE
SST
## The adjusted multiple coefficient of determination, R 2, is the coefficient of
determination with the SSE and SST divided by their respective degrees of freedom:
SSE
R 2 =1- (n -(k +1))
SST
(n -1)
Example1:1:
Example
1.911
ss==1.911
R-sq==96.1%
96.1%
R-sq
95.0%
17-26
## Measures of Performance in Multiple
Regression and the ANOVA Table
S
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
S
u
m
o
f
S
o
u
r
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V
iatito
ionnSS
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eeggrreesssio
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oomM
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(k))
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+
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)
)
(=n
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1
)
k-1
-1))
(n--11))
(n
SSR
SST
= 1-
SSE
SST
MSR
MSE
MSR
MSE
SSE
( n ( k 1))
MST
SSR
SST
( n 1)
SSE
( n ( k 1))
2
(1 R )
(k )
= 1-
(n - (k + 1))
SST
(n - 1)
MSE
MST
17-27
## Tests of the Significance of Individual
Regression Parameters
Hypothesistests
individualregression
regressionslope
slope
Hypothesis
parameters:
parameters:
(1)
(1)
HH00::11==00
0
HH11::110
(2)
(2)
HH00::22==00
0
HH11::220
...
..
.
(k)
(k)
HH00::kk==00
b
00
b
H
:
0
Test
statistic
for
test
i
:
t
Test statistic
( n ( k 1 )
( n ( k 1 )
ss((bb))
i
17-28
## Testing the Validity of the Regression
Model: Residual Plots
Residuals vs M1 (Example 11-2)
It appears that the residuals are randomly distributed with no pattern and
with equal variance as M1 increases
17-29
## Testing the Validity of the Regression
Model: Residual Plots
Residuals vs Price
It appears that the residuals are increasing as the Price increases. The
variance of the residuals is not constant.
17-30
17-31
## Investigating the Validity of the
Regression: Outliers and Influential
Observations
y
Regression line
without outlier
. .
.
.. ..
. .. ..
.. .
.
## Point with a large
value of xi
y
Regression
line with
outlier
.
.
.
.
.. .. .. .
. .. .
Regression line
when all data are
included
No relationship in
this cluster
* Outlier
Outliers
Outliers
x
InfluentialObservations
Observations
Influential
17-32
## Possible Relation in the Region between
the Available Cluster of Data and the Far
Point
Point with a large value of xii
## Some of the possible data between the
original cluster and the far point
.
.
.
.
.. .. .. .
. .. .
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
*
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
More appropriate curvilinear relationship
(seen when the in between data are known).
17-33
Stepwise Regression
Compute F statistic for each variable not in the model
## Is there at least one variable with p-value > Pin?
No
Stop
Yes
Enter most significant (smallest p-value) variable into model
No
Remove
variable
17-34
## Partial F Tests and Variable Selection
Methods
Fullmodel:
model:
Full
YY==0 0++1 1XX1 1++2 2XX2 2++3 3XX3 3++4 4XX4 4++
Reducedmodel:
model:
Reduced
YY==0 0++1 1XX1 1++2 2XX2 2++
PartialFFtest:
test:
Partial
HH0:0:3 3==4 4==00
and 4not
notboth
both00
HH1:1:3 3and
4
PartialFFstatistic:
statistic:
Partial
(SSE
F
(r, (n (k 1))
SSE ) / r
R
F
MSE
F
whereSSE
SSERisisthe
thesum
sumofofsquared
squarederrors
errorsofofthe
thereduced
reducedmodel,
model,SSE
SSEFisisthe
thesum
sumofofsquared
squared
where
R
F
errorsofofthe
thefull
fullmodel;
model;MSE
MSEFisisthe
themean
meansquare
squareerror
errorofofthe
thefull
fullmodel
model[MSE
[MSEF==SSE
SSE/(nF/(nerrors
F
F
F
(k+1))];rrisisthe
thenumber
numberofofvariables
variablesdropped
droppedfrom
fromthe
thefull
fullmodel.
model.
(k+1))];
17-35
## Explaining Attitude Toward the
City of Residence
Respondent No Attitude Toward
the City
Duration of
Residence
Importance
Attached to
Weather
10
12
11
12
10
12
11
11
18
10
10
11
10
17
12
17-36
## Product Moment Correlation
The correlation coefficient may be calculated as follows:
X
Y
n
i =1
= (10 + 12 + 12 + 4 + 12 + 6 + 8 + 2 + 18 + 9 + 17 + 2)/
= 9.333
= (6 + 9 + 8 + 3 + 10 + 4 + 5 + 2 + 11 + 9 + 10 + 2)/12
= 6.583
(X i X )(Y i Y )
=
+
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
=
## (10 -9.33)(6-6.58) + (12-9.33)(9-6.58)
(12-9.33)(8-6.58) + (4-9.33)(3-6.58)
(12-9.33)(10-6.58) + (6-9.33)(4-6.58)
(8-9.33)(5-6.58) + (2-9.33) (2-6.58)
(18-9.33)(11-6.58) + (9-9.33)(9-6.58)
(17-9.33)(10-6.58) + (2-9.33)(2-6.58)
-0.3886 + 6.4614 + 3.7914 + 19.0814
9.1314 + 8.5914 + 2.1014 + 33.5714
38.3214 - 0.7986 + 26.2314 + 33.5714
179.6668
17-37
n
i =1
n
i =1
( X i X )2
(Y i Y )2
Thus,
## = (10-9.33)2 + (12-9.33)2 + (12-9.33)2 + (4-9.33)2
+ (12-9.33)2 + (6-9.33)2 + (8-9.33)2 + (2-9.33)2
+ (18-9.33)2 + (9-9.33)2 + (17-9.33)2 + (2-9.33)2
= 0.4489 + 7.1289 + 7.1289 + 28.4089
+ 7.1289+ 11.0889 + 1.7689 + 53.7289
+ 75.1689 + 0.1089 + 58.8289 + 53.7289
= 304.6668
## = (6-6.58)2 + (9-6.58)2 + (8-6.58)2 + (3-6.58)2
+ (10-6.58)2+ (4-6.58)2 + (5-6.58)2 + (2-6.58)2
+ (11-6.58)2 + (9-6.58)2 + (10-6.58)2 + (2-6.58)2
= 0.3364 + 5.8564 + 2.0164 + 12.8164
+ 11.6964 + 6.6564 + 2.4964 + 20.9764
+ 19.5364 + 5.8564 + 11.6964 + 20.9764
= 120.9168
r=
179.6668
(304.6668)(120.9168)
= 0.9361
17-38
## Decomposition of the Total
Variation
Explainedvariation
r2 =
Totalvariation
=SS x
SS y
=TotalvariationErrorvariation
Totalvariation
SS y SS error
=
SS y | finemath |
The Golden Constant
July 26, 2005
Market Analyst & Professional Speculator, Owner of The Speculative Investor
Below is an extract from a commentary originally posted at on 17th July 2005.
In last week's commentary we included a chart of the T-Bond/gold ratio and stated that the downward trend in this ratio over the past few years indicated that bonds had experienced a large decline in REAL terms and supported our view that bonds are in a secular bear market. This prompted a couple of subscribers to question whether it was appropriate to determine a market's real return by dividing its nominal price by the price of gold. We obviously think it is and today we'll take a shot at explaining why.
A critical point is that gold is always the same -- an ounce of gold today is the same as it was 5000 years ago and the same as it will be in 5000 years time -- whereas the US$ and all other forms of paper money are constantly changing. The US$, for example, might not exist in 20 years -- let alone 5000 years -- time, and even if it does exist it is certain to be a lot different than it is today. This is one reason why it makes a lot more sense to look at secular trends in terms of how the market in question performs relative to gold than how it performs relative to the dollar. But as far as determining real (inflation-adjusted) performances go, what makes gold better than any other unchanging physical quantity, or, for that matter, the many other methods that have been used over the decades to adjust for the effects of inflation?
One reason is that, as Paul van Eeden has shown, over the very long-term the US$ gold price eventually reverts to where it should be based on changes in the supply of US dollars. In other words, the fair value of gold can be calculated at any time based on the total quantity of US dollars in existence and history tells us that although the gold price will both overshoot and undershoot its fair value by wide margins it will eventually return to this 'fair value'. In effect, over the very long-term gold oscillates around a fair value and this fair value is determined by the total quantity of US dollars and the total quantity of gold.
The average commodity, on the other hand, does not behave in this way. One reason is that the price of every commodity except gold is strongly influenced by the current year's production and the real cost of production falls over long periods of time due to technological improvements. But in gold's case the existing aboveground stock is always so much larger than new mine supply that changes in the cost or quantity of annual production have almost no effect on the gold price. This characteristic results, in turn, from the fact that although gold might no longer be money in the strict meaning of the word (it is no longer the general medium of exchange), it is still accumulated as if it were money and it still trades as if it were a currency.
The above is an important part of the story, but it's not the whole story because if we just wanted to adjust nominal prices to account for changes in the money supply we could divide by M3 or whatever monetary aggregate we deemed appropriate. As a purely academic exercise adjusting nominal prices based on changes in the money supply might actually be OK, but as investors it is absolutely vital that we distinguish between those periods when inflation (money supply growth) is perceived to be causing a problem and those periods when it is not. Failure to do so will prevent us from identifying the secular trends in various markets because when it comes to the financial markets the old saying "perception is reality" is very applicable. And this is where gold comes into its own.
The gold price does not adjust in linear fashion to changes in the money supply and there can be very lengthy periods (10-20 years) when the gold price actually trends lower in the face of increases in the money supply. Instead, the gold price will tend to fall well below fair value when confidence in central banks is rising (when inflation expectations are falling) and then make a big catch-up move when confidence in central banks and the currencies they create embarks on a long-term downward trend.
The best way to demonstrate how changes in the gold price capture both changes in the supply of money (actual inflation/deflation) and changes in investor perceptions (inflation expectations) is via long-term charts showing stock market valuations -- the price/earnings ratio of the S&P500 Index, for instance -- and the stock market in terms of gold. The reason is that investors, as a group, will pay less for increases in corporate earnings that they perceive to be the result of inflation than for increases in corporate earnings that they perceive to be the result of real growth. Putting it another way, the more that profit gains are PERCEIVED to be due to a fall in the value of the money in which the profits are denominated, the lower the average P/E ratio will be. By the same token the greater the inflation problem is perceived to be the higher the gold price will become, meaning that long-term trends in stock market valuation levels should match long-term trends in the number of gold ounces it takes to purchase the stock market. Therefore, if it is appropriate to measure the stock market's REAL long-term trend by measuring its performance relative to gold then the below long-term charts of the S&P500 P/E ratio and the Dow/Gold ratio should look similar; which, of course, they do.
Now, we've used the Dow/Gold and S&P500/gold ratios for years to illustrate both the US stock market's real performance and its secular trend and no one has ever questioned our logic. This is perhaps because almost all of our readers believe that a secular bear trend is underway in the US stock market (we've found that people never dispute what we write when our conclusions agree with what they already believe, even if there are some flaws in our reasoning). However, if our logic is correct then it applies to all markets, not just the stock market.
In summary, price gains that are the result of a fall in the value of money are illusory so in order to determine a market's real performance and secular trend we need to find an objective way to adjust nominal prices to reflect changes in the value of money. Paul van Eeden's analysis of the long-term relationship between changes in the gold price and changes in the quantity of money confirm that the gold price adjusts to account for actual inflation (money supply growth) whereas the above charts confirm that the gold price also adjusts to account for changes in inflation expectations. When dealing with long-term trends this makes the gold price a good inflation indicator. In fact, it is by far the best inflation indicator that we know of.
Regular financial market forecasts and
analyses are provided at our web site:
One-month free trial available.
Steven Saville
Gold Eagle twitter Like Gold Eagle on Facebook | dclm_edu |
Site Remediation
Military Brownfields Deman Explosive Considerations
Dec 15, 2007
A former military disposal site, with the potential to contain medical waste, hydrocarbons, metals and unexploded ordnance, was a threat to the Ottawa River. Cleaning up the site, which was adjacent to provincially significant wetlands and to a military firing range, required some special considerations. Please see attached PDF.
English 1171KB | dclm_edu |
Hip-Hop Will Die
The Billboard charts will tell you. The YouTube trending videos will tell you. Even white suburban middle schoolers will tell you. Hip-hop is at its peak. A majority of the mainstream music consumed is hip-hop or at least hip-hop influenced. But I predict that hip-hop, as we know it now, will die out.
Credit: Deryk Rumbold
Hip-hop’s journey has been a strange one. Its origins aren’t traced back to a single person, but a community: people of color in the Bronx. From there the art has been reimagined, commercialized, parodied, copied and remixed. A mixture of those things brings us to where we are today. The prominent sub-genre of hip-hop today is trap music characterized by slower hi-hat centric songs usually more focused on production than lyrical value. These rappers are the new rock stars, these rock stars including Migos, Future, Lil Baby, Travis Scott and many more. So if we are living in a popular era of hip-hop, why does it have to stop? We will look to another music genre for that answer.
Credit: Amazon.com
Jazz was once the music of the rebellious youth, but no more. Now I’m not saying Jazz isn’t still around. We do hear names like Kamasi Washington and Flying Lotus and Thundercat keeping the art alive today. But Jazz went through an underground creation phase and rose to mainstream popularity and then dipped back to the underground. Hip-hop might be following a similar trajectory. Jazz was widely welcomed because of how it incorporated new dances. Swing dancing was accepted and boosted the popularity similar to how hip-hop style dances are constantly sweeping the nation. But at the peak of Jazz several things happened to have its decline in popularity. Some Jazz artists like Miles Davis and John Coltrane and Charles Mingus wanted to experiment in the genre more and move away from the dancing feeling and play with tonal structure of the composition. Jazz began to be more accepted as a high art and was characterized more as intellectual music. It became less about expression for the average person and more about critical analysis and that may have scared a potential new listener away. Soon public opinion swayed so much that Jazz was viewed as background elevator music. Something nice but nothing worthy of being on Top 40 radio. Hip-hop shows similar signs. Just this year, Kendrick Lamar has received a Pulitzer Prize for his work on his hip-hop album “DAMN”, and Nas‘ album “Illmatic” was recognized by the Library of Congress to be culturally important. These are signs of intellectual acclaim. Several hip-hop artists have also started to play with experimentation more and move away from classic hip-hop forms such as Death Grips, Tyler the Creator and Noname. Their venturing out from classic hip-hop production shows fatigue in the genre. There are artists out there wanting something different and their listeners are buying into it too.
Playlist capturing some memorable 2018 hip-hop moments.
Overall no music genre can stay the same and last forever. Things change with each generation and that is only to be expected. Every new generation of musical artists wants to make their mark unique and different. With that being said the time for hip-hop is now. It is everywhere and it is a good thing, but this good thing can’t last forever.
Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here | dclm_edu |
Archie Presents: Valuable Economic Lessons
In these trying economic times, it's hard to know exactly where to look for solutions. I, for one, have decided to turn to Archie, in this story from 1975.
That's the setup, and here's the pitch:
From there the story spirals off into a standard gag about Archie wanting a raise in his allowance, and his father shooting him down. Whatever his motives were, however, it's impossible to ignore the wisdom in Archie's economic theories.
In a country where ten percent of the workforce sits idle and the rich hoard their money like so many covetous dragons, who can deny the necessity of supporting increased production through consumer spending? Archie's bold prescription of protectionist trade policies and favoring domestic manufacturing seems untenable in today's corporatist climate, but perhaps it's time to follow his radical lead, and put American prosperity first!
What does it say about America's current, profoundly out of touch mass media that if you want to find direct, powerful statements supporting workers you have to search out children's comics from thirty-six years ago?
Bedazzled Crone said...
Right on Count
art.the.nerd said...
... and what does it say about Castle Vardulon that you are trying to learn economics from Archie comics? Do you also learn about radiation from Spider-Man, genetics from the X-Men, and exobiology from Superman?
Anonymous said...
Inflation is caused when too much money exists in the economy. The excess of money means that each dollar is worth less...thereby prices need to increase to combat the loss of purchasing power.
Under Carter, interest rates rose into the high teens to PREVENT the free flow of money. Basically, the opposite of what Archie is preaching.
By refusing to spend, buyers will force sellers to reduce prices in order to stimulate trade. Then prices will meet the value of the dollar in the middle and whammo...stabilization.
Or Archie's solution, written by an author who only earned his salary because some rich guy paid him, clearly bests that of every economist who ever lived. | dclm_edu |
Thursday, July 5, 2012
Fuzzy Orange Caterpillar
Yellow Caterpillar - Spilosoma virginica
Despite its color, the caterpillar featured in this post is know as the Yellow Bear, Spilosoma virginica. They in a variety of colors: whitish, yellow, orange, brown, to nearly black. They are the caterpillars of the Virginian Tiger Moth. They eat a wide variety of plants.
They are similar to the more familiar Woolly Bear Caterpillar, Pyrrharctia isabella. The Woolly Bear is typically black on its ends with orange in the middle, but it can be all orange, like the Yellow Bear pictured here (it can also be all black). So they can look very similar, and have similar habits, but the Yellow Bear typically has a long hair projecting from each tuft of short hairs (this feature can be used to distinguish it from other similar Tiger Moth caterpillars). | dclm_edu |
Farm Walk Ticket
$15.00 – $35.00
For the farms you’ll be visiting, see our Events Calendar for more information. Tours start from the Mudgee Visitor Information Centre, 84 Market Street, at 9.00am. For more information visit our farm walks page.
We have two ticket options available to purchase. A single ticket (1 adult) or a family ticket (2 adults plus children). If you are purchasing for 1 or more adults please use the quantity selector to set how many tickets you would like to purchase before adding this to your cart. This quantity can also be modified while viewing your cart before checkout.
Print out your receipt to use as your ticket on the day.
A ticket to our guided farm walks where you can experience a working farm.
From our diverse range of farmers and producers two farms are chosen each month for you to explore. Depending on the season, you may get to see olive oil production, free-range pork, locally grown vegetables, vineyards, a fig orchard or a working winery.
Farm walk participants get to meet the farmer and hear how passionate they are about what they produce. According to the season, you will be shown various stages of their production. There will be lots of opportunities to talk to the farmer, ask questions, and get your ‘hands dirty’.
Single Ticket (1 Adult), Family(2 adults plus children)
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December | fineweb_edu |
Monday, February 11, 2013
In drones we trust
In response to a post by Ta-Nehisi Coates on the drone war, a good few comments blamed American arrogance for the willingness to kill people half a world away by remote control. While anyone who has spent as much time in the United States has encountered American optimism and its darker side, a kind of shallow, pep-rally self congratulation, I think the drone program arises from the darer side of a different American attribute. Americans have the ability to face difficult facts, if not head on then at least in the choices they make. The dark side to that comes out in a pessimism and uncertainty that contrasts with the official sunny American self image. After seventy years of insisting on the superiority of their system over state socialism, the collapse of the Soviet Union still took the American establishment by surprise. Today, the obverse of that pessimism shows not in imagining an invincible enemy, but in an appreciation of the fragility of American democracy.
On September 7, 1941, the Luftwaffe visited upon London an attack very similar to 9/11 in its casualty count and material damage. They kept up that level of violence for 57 straight nights. In proportion to the British population of the time, over the eight and a half months of the "blitz", or sustained bombing of Britain, the Luftwaffe inflicted over a hundred times the 9/11 casualties. British confidence in the war effort stayed high. Winston Churchill stayed popular.
American commentators have made their doubts that American democracy could sustain such an attack pretty clear. A contributor to Jim Henley's web log Unqualified Offerings put it thus: "if the American people react the way that I fear they will, then we will be truly screwed." The use of drones looks more like an improvised response to a deep insecurity. American drone policy looks more like the outcome of a group of people groping for the best way out of a bad situation than calculated evil. Given uncertainty about the robustness of American democracy in the face of a determined terror attack, I would expect American politicians and commentators to accede, in a somewhat queasy fashion, to the Obama administration's drone program; pretty much what they seem to have done.
Americans share this combination of brassy self-congratulation and inner uncertainty with most other nations, or at least with most other nations that aspire to the status of great power. And today, the Americans have considerable reason for uncertainty: the rapid development of technology has changed human conflict. Toward the end of the cold war, policy makers on all sides used irregular forces and armed groups to do what government troops had once done. In this century, politicians and others use robot weapons to do what human fighters used to. We live in a world of melting rules and boundaries written on the water. American leaders, and the American people, and in fact all of us, should feel troubled and uncertain.
No comments: | dclm_edu |
Today one of the most challenging situations Indian economy is facing is increasing youth unemployment. Apart from increasing the employment opportunities for the young population, it has also become equally important to enhance the quality and affordability of education in India. There are a number of ways in which distance learning programs can help a lot in improving the overall educational quality in India.
The distance learning is a great solution for those who want to pursue higher studies but cannot opt for a full time course due to any reasons. Some people have work commitments and others have home commitments. The distance learning allows them to enhance their knowledge base and expertise without compromising on their work and home responsibilities.
Full time courses for higher education can be expensive. Not everyone in a country like India can afford to pay the exorbitant fees of some of the higher professional courses. With the help of distance learning, people can opt for professional courses like MBA, without paying as much fees as a full time course. Thus distance learning enhances the educational quality by removing the cost barrier.
With the advancement of technology, conducting online classes and visual seminars have become increasingly effortless. This has improved the overall quality of the way classes are conducted and trainings are given to the students pursuing higher education through distance learning. The students can also submit their homework and assessments online, removing the need of the physical presence.
Most of the leading colleges are now coming up with advance courses to meet up the ever increasing demand of higher education with better quality and affordability. Students can now have the prospect of learning and getting certified by some of the premium colleges of India, which adds to their motivation to take higher studies.
As the demand for higher studies through distance learning increases, the colleges are coming up with better professional courses to meet the need to the students. These programs are specifically designed to provide you knowledge and expertise in your related field. For instance for a media professional, there are many short term courses available which can be taken to understand the industry better.
Great institute with terrific staff! One of the best institutes for distance learning courses.
NIBS is one of the quality Management Institute Providing International Certification Courses for Engineering and Management.
Best institute in india and abroad for distance engineering courses.. Really nice place for students to build their career .
NIBS is doing well to educate working students. Its very easy to complete your study through correspondence program for various courses. Students of NIBS are getting promotion into their Job all over India. I also recomend qualified NIBS Students to Place in Our Company.Dr. K.P. Singh | fineweb_edu |
---
wordpress_id: 80
layout: post
title: Telnet - POP3
date: 2008-07-17 15:07:22 +01:00
tags:
- telenet
- pop3
categories:
- networking
wordpress_url: https://blog.oneiroi.co.uk/networking/telnet-pop3
comments: true
---
To test a POP3 connection using telnet open a command window or shell terminal and type the following
{% highlight bash %}
telnet pop.domain.com 110
{% endhighlight %}
Where pop.domain.com is the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) or IP address of the server you wish to test.
110 also assumes default pop3 configuration.
You will be greeted with somthing similar to:
{% highlight bash %}
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK dovecot ready.
{% endhighlight %}
Now you need to authenticate
{% highlight bash %}
USER buzz
+OK
PASS thisismypassnorealyitis...honest
+OK Logged in.
{% endhighlight %}
Once logged in you can now make use of the following commands
<strong>STAT</strong> This command will respond as follows (colour added)
{% highlight bash %}
STAT
+OK <span style="color: #3333ff;">12</span> <span style="color: #009900;">3571942</span>
{% endhighlight %}
This indicates there are <span style="color: #3333ff;">12</span> emails in the mail box with a total size of <span style="color: #009900;">3571942</span> bytes.
<strong>LIST</strong> This command will list a line for each message with its number and size in bytes
{% highlight bash %}
+OK 12 messages:
1 1209
2 307
3 32715
4 218
5 15937
6 3469
7 98724
8 54356
9 1128
10 560
11 1150309
12 2213010
.
{% endhighlight %}
<strong>RETR 11</strong> This is the retrive command, in this case this will display the contents of email 11
<strong>DELE 11</strong> This is the delete command, in this case this will mark email 11 for deletion (will not delete it).
<strong>RSET</strong> This is the reset command, this will clear any delete flags you have set.
<strong>QUIT</strong> This command will logout of the current account, any emails marked for deletion will now be deleted.
| stack_edu |
Our language roots
It can help you to understand English better when you are familiar with its roots and can pull a word apart to find its meaning. Take the word ensuite (or en suite) for example, it comes from the French meaning “in sequence” and in English has come to mean a bathroom attached to a bedroom, therefore following in sequence from one room to another. We gained the word melancholy from the Greeks. It breaks into two parts – melan (black), and cholia (bile) – relating to a mood that is likened to a thick black substance, hence a gloomy state of mind. You will also find the root melan in melanin, melanoma and Melanesia.
Our language is chock a block with Latin and Greek derivations, along with French and Germanic and a few others from other countries around the globe. A common Latin root is aqu- referring to water, from which we get aqua, aquarium, aquiduct, aquaculture and aquifer. We use the Latin root ann- or -enn- for words referring to year, such as annual, anniversary, biannual and millennium. The Greek amphi- for “both sides” is used in amphibian, amphitheatre and amphibolic. We get the words gastric and gastroenterologist from the Greek root gastr– (stomach).
The English language has an even longer history with the Germanic languages because of the early influences of invasions of Britain from Germanic invaders. Words such as hamburger, waltz, kindergarten and quartz are some of the survivors. Here are some references that will open your eyes to the rich language sources of our complex language that today continues to evolve and develop.
Dashing off
Editors know them more than writers, but the humble dash takes various forms and tasks. A lot of writers will plug on with the lowly hyphen (-) which is the shortest of all the dashes. Its job really is not to separate parts of a sentence nor as a substitute for ‘to’ such as in 1945 to 2001. The hyphen is used to join two words to create a single entity, which can lead eventually to dispensing with the hyphen altogether. Take the word ‘cooperate’ for example. Some publications continue to use the hyphen as in ‘co-operate’ to avoid mispronunciation while the accepted form now has no hyphen. That is because it is in common usage and people know how it is pronounced. Two words may be hyphenated to become a single adjective as in ‘short-term solution’. And the danger here is to hyphenate when there is no implied adjective.
The second job of a hyphen is to split a long word in column formatting so as to create an even margin on the right side of the column, or as close to even as possible. Hyphenation then occurs between syllables to avoid an awkward cut of the word.
After hyphens there are two longer forms of dashes with names taken from early typography – the en dash and the em dash. I just used an en dash (roughly the width of the letter ‘n’) to separate the last phrase from the main sentence. Here it can be used instead of the colon to denote something following. When it is used with a space to either side of it, the en dash acts as a separator. This is crucial and a cause for many errors among writers. When you remove the spaces, the en dash joins two parts, not like the hyphen, but roughly to mean ‘to’, as in 1945–2001.
The last dash form – the em dash – is similar to the en dash in that it can be used as a separator, but without spaces. Its use is a matter of publication style or an editor/writer’s preference. The em dash—used like this—separates the verb phrase here instead of using commas, and therefore highlighting the phrase more and avoiding confused phraseology. | dclm_edu |
package com.rsp.protocol.gen;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
public @interface Protocol {
int chunks();
}
| stack_edu |
This Is Why Elephants Really Eat With Their Trunks
We intuit that trunks are important for an elephant. They obviously are. So when an image of a trunkless baby elephant started circulating around the internet in 2018, Jason Bittel of National Geographic asked the equally obvious question: "Can an elephant survive without its trunk?" Besides being the elephant attribute, trunks are also an incredible piece of biological engineering. "As an adult," Bittel writes, "an elephant's trunk is capable of lifting more than 700 pounds, thanks to an array of some 40,000 muscles. (For reference, humans have just over 600 muscles in our entire bodies.)"
This month, a study led by Maëlle Lefeuvre, a PhD student at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, studied both the different ways elephants could use their trunk to manipulate food and how each elephant displayed a preference for individual tactics. Behaviors the team noticed included pinching little items between the fingers of the trunk, blowing around an object to clear it of sand or dirt, bundling objects into more compact forms to make them easier to pinch, and wedging an object between the trunk and tusk, either to hold it in place for further manipulation or to keep it away from other prying elephants.
Because of all the intricate work the trunk performs, George Wittemeyer, an elephant expert at the University of Colorado, told Bittel that he found it "highly unlikely" that the baby elephant would survive.
A helping trunk
Joyce Poole, co-founder of the study organization Elephant Voices, held out hope for the calf's survival, however. She reasoned that since the wound had healed and the calf looked well fed, it had suffered the wound a while back but had not experienced starvation. This may be due to it learning how to feed without a trunk or due to other elephants feeding it. According to Natural Habitat Adventures, elephants had been observed breaking their tusks in attempts to lift a fallen elephant, so the possibility is quite real that the herd is raising the injured calf.
In 2008, Lucy A. Bates led a study titled "Do Elephants Show Empathy?" in which it's argued that data shows elephants displaying certain kinds of empathy: "It is obvious from the records we have discussed here that elephants are very sensitive to the distress of others, and remarkably capable of anticipating and preventing such distress. These reports mostly concern the potential distress of calves, and it is mostly relatives who react. ... Nevertheless, as evidenced by a few of our records, adult elephants do sometimes help individuals who are not related to them; thus, not all empathic behaviour may be linked to kinship, and may represent a more generalized response to distress." So it's almost certain that the mother would take care of the calf. Once the calf grows up, however, it is not as clear how long it could survive without its main evolutionary advantage. But there's hope. | dclm_edu |
Show free trial chat lines for mobile users
Many dispersed articles have different meanings and explanations,/ but already have the same interpretation.
Android phone reports, then what's this is of android itself?
But as the introduction of technology, Horsepower has converted into android os and i Phone outfitted with various features and much more advanced applications.
Android os comes also made with a multifunctional telephone.
But addititionally there is buy Android simply for games, gadgets, or improve lifestyle.
Then what's the utilization of cell phones today? As the price will also determine the sort of features and features android.
Not merely for calls only, Android os also includes android file copy, Showbox for android os, ringtone for android mobile, android application etc.
It can be for the hotspot for telephone, free cellphone tracking, trigger my phone, browsing, video tutorial apps, Whats App, Telegram, BBM, and network gain access to faster plus more sophisticated.
Our time contact number, Walmart blue mobile phone, phones in college and online telephone games often desired by people.But that will not mean the style of Google android no lack.
Leave a Reply
| dclm_edu |
Web Hosting Information
Web Hosting Data Transfer: How Much Is Too Much?
Bandwidth in its simplest terms refers to the amount of data that flows across a network wire in a given time period. For most web hosting providers, that time period is measured in a month. Web hosting providers are charged a certain amount per month or per year for an allocated amount of bandwidth from backbone providers and wholesale data centers. That cost is then passed on to the consumer in the form of web hosting plans.
How much bandwidth will my website use?
With so much variation among web hosting companies, it can sometimes be difficult to know how much bandwidth your website will need. So, how much is a gigabyte of bandwidth anyway? Let's put it in perspective. If an average web page, images and all is 50 kilobytes in size, your website could be viewed 20,000 times! For the average hobby website, that is more than enough. Let's further put that 20,000 in perspective. If each visitor to your website viewed an average of 4 pages per month, it would still represent over 5,000 unique visitors to your website every month.
Beware of bandwidth usage when offering file downloads
While offering simple web pages doesn't use up much bandwidth, the same can't be said about downloading files. If you plan on allowing people to download music files, pdf files, flash files, or video files, you can eat up bandwidth in a hurry even with a relatively small number of people visiting your website. If your website offers an adobe .pdf file that is 1 megabyte in size, with one gigabyte of bandwidth, you will only be able to serve up one thousand downloads. This does not including the html needed to get people to download the pdf in the first place.
Video files eat up even more space. A one megabyte video file represents only seconds of video. For a half hour presentation, your video file could easily be over two hundred megabytes in size! At that size, one gigabyte would only allow you to offer five downloads to your visitors. What you plan to do with your website most definitely will affect how much monthly bandwidth you anticipate needing.
Overselling bandwidth is common in the web hosting industry
Because more people use only a fraction of their allotted bandwidth per month, most web hosting providers price their plans knowing that most people will only use a fraction of the resources available to them. In fact, with most companies, if you did use the maximum bandwidth available to you each month, you would most likely be shut down. If you go with a shared hosting account, your website can be hosted with hundreds or thousands of other websites. If your website starts to use a significant portion of the server's resources, you may find them pulling the plug on your website. If you know your website is going to need significant resources, you should probably consider getting yourself a dedicated server.
Knowing what you plan to do will allow you to know how much you need
By knowing what you plan to do with your hosting account, you can have a pretty good idea of how much bandwidth you're going to need. If you anticipate that you will be needing to serve lots of multimedia including video, music and large amounts of flash powered pages, you may need to consider going with a dedicated server. If your website is just starting out and you have little money and no real idea of how much bandwidth you're going to need, pick a company that gives you more than you think you'll need at a reasonable price. Make sure you also find out how much they will charge you for any bandwidth you use above and beyond what comes in your hosting package. If it is one dollar per megabyte and you've already exceeded a twenty gigabyte bandwidth limit, changes are, you'll get one hefty bill at the end of the month. When shopping around and looking at bandwidth, keep the overage cost in mind as well and you'll do fine.
This article was written by Joe Duchesne, president of, a web hosting company that strives to make it easy to setup and maintain your website. Copyright 2004 Yowling. Reprint Freely as long as you link back to my website from this resource box. | dclm_edu |
therevsmall.jpg (1693 bytes)
The worship of Lucifer, SATAN
Part 2 of 5
33rd_degree_2_seattle.gif (6519 bytes)This page concentrates on Masonic symbols. Occultists put an enormous emphasis on communicating through symbols with other members while hiding the truth from the Initiates and the "profane," i.e., people who are not members.
"Magic Symbols," by Fredrick Goodman states that "The true magic symbol is an image which hides an inner meaning. This meaning is usually cunningly hidden behind a form which most people think they can understand immediately." [p. 6]
Examining these Masonic symbols reveals the cunningly hidden meanings. Then compare them with known Satanic symbols so you can easily see from whence Freemasonry receives her "supernatural insights" and her "spiritual Light."
Double_Eagle_33.gif (2284 bytes)The double-headed eagle is probably the most easily recognizable Masonic symbol in the world, even more important than the Square and Compass/Rule.
They look like two eagles, but they are not. They are the Phoenix Bird of Ancient Egypt. Remember that the Brotherhood was known in ancient Egypt as, "The Mystery Schools."
The current Presidential Seal has an eagle in it. The eagle replaced the Phoenix(the original national bird) in 1841 as the national bird. The Phoenix has been a Brotherhood symbol since ancient Egypt. The Phoenix was adopted by the Founding Fathers for use on the reverse of the first official seal of the United States after a design proposed by Charles Thompson, Secretary of the Continental Congress.
Listen to the explanation from Masonic author, Manly P. Hall, 33rd Degree, K.T., in his book, The Phoenix: An Illustrated Review of Occultism and Philosophy . [Before we begin, I find it highly interesting that Hall would admit, by his use of this title, that Freemasonry is occultic].
Freemasons like all occultists, refer to their initiates who have completed their initiation, as being "Born Again." In 1988, when George Bush was on the Presidential Campaign Trail; Barbara Walters interviewed him. She asked him a question that caught him off guard. Barbara asked George if he was a Christian. Bush literally stumbled, looked down for a moment, and answered, "If by being a Christian, you ask if I am 'Born Again,' then yes, I am a Christian."
Bush parsed his words carefully, unlike a Born Again Christian. Bush has a lifetime membership in an Illuminist Masonic secret society called, Skull & Bones. The answer that Bush gave is typical of an occultist. They claim to be Born Again. They are also filled with religious ecstasy when the spirit of Lucifer sweeps through them upon Initiation.
Back to the Phoenix Bird. Listen to the explanation given by a radical feminist, Barbara Walker, in her occult book, Now Is The Dawning , p. 281. Egyptians believed that the Phoenix was the representative of a god who "rose to heaven in the form of a morning star, like Lucifer, after his fire-immolation of death and rebirth ..."
Wow! In one sweet, short, and simple sentence, we have conclusive proof that the Phoenix bird is a symbol of Lucifer !
Listen now to the testimony of another former witch, William Schnoebelen, in his book, Satan's Door Revisited , p. 4. "The Phoenix, of Bunnu is believed to be a divine bird going back to Egypt ... This Phoenix destroys itself in flames and then rises from the ashes. Most occultists believe that the Phoenix is a symbol of Lucifer who was cast down in flames and who ... will one day rise triumphant. This [belief] also relates to the raising of Hiram Abiff, the Masonic 'Christ'."
To prevent most people from associating the Masonic Eagle with the ancient Phoenix, Freemasons changed the Phoenix to an Eagle, and began to refer to it as an Eagle. However, two Masonic authors blow the lid off that change in symbolism.
Manly P. Hall, in his book, The Lost Keys of Freemasonry , states, "These were the immortals to whom the term 'phoenix' was applied, and their symbol was the mysterious two-headed bird, now called an eagle , a familiar and little understood Masonic emblem ." [p. 108; Emphasis added]
Albert Pike, in Magnum Opus, writes, "... the Eagle was the living Symbol of Egyptian God Mendes ... and the representative of the Sun ..." [p. xviii]
In one sentence, we see the admission that the Phoenix Bird of Ancient Satanic Egypt was changed into the Masonic Eagle and then Pike admits that the Eagle is the Symbol of the Sun God and of the God of Mendes, both symbols being common Satanic symbols of Satan/Lucifer !
Remember also the Satanic meaning of the phrase depicted below the eagle the two Eagles -- "DEUS MEUMQUE JUS." As explained in Part 1 of 5 this is a typical Satanic Latin phrase, meaning, "... Masons are saying that they are 'using occult methods,' through Lucifer, to achieve their Rights and Justice."
But why would a two-headed Eagle be adopted by Masonry, instead of a one-headed Eagle? Masonic author, R. Swinburne Clymer, writing in The Mysteries of Osiris , 1951, explains. "When they [pagans] desired to express the renewal, or beginning, of the year, they represented it in the form of a door-keeper. It could easily be distinguished by the attributes of a key ... At times, they gave it two heads, back to back ... In time, this [back-to-back key symbol] became the double-headed Eagle of symbolic Masonry." [p. 42]
Crossed_Double_Keys.gif (3389 bytes)
magicn01.jpg (61665 bytes)However, this latter representation of the triangle, with the point upward, is the symbol of the Perfect or Divine Man.
Notice this occult symbol portrays "Perfect Man and Woman" within a circle, which is within a square [representing creation], which is within a triangle [godhood], which is surrounded by the largest circle. Notice that the triangle here is with its point upward, signifying the Divinity of Man.
Another Masonic writer, J.D. Buck, blasphemously writes, "It is far more important that men should strive to become Christ's than that they should believe that Jesus was Christ." [J.D. Buck, Mystic Masonry , Illinois: Indo-American Book Co., 1913, Sixth Edition, p. 138] Let us hear that terribly blasphemous statement again :
Again we see Freemasonry is revealed not to be Christian. The unique Deity of Jesus Christ is denied with the above statement. And because of this, the teachings of Freemasonry qualifies as being the work of Antichrist.
1 John 2:22 -- "Who is such a liar as he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? He is the antichrist who habitually denies and refuses to acknowledge the Father and the Son. No one who habitually denies or disowns the Son even has the Father." [Parallel Bible, KJV/Amplified Bible Commentary ]
1 John 4:3 -- "And every spirit that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God: and this is that spirit of antichrist."
2 John 1:7 -- "For many deceivers are entered into the world, who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh. This is a deceiver and an antichrist."
In addition to denying that Jesus is the Christ come in flesh, this statement also teaches that man can save himself. Obviously, Freemasonry cannot be considered Christian in any way, shape, or form when it teaches this heresy straight out of the pit of Satan's Hell.
Going back to the Triangle pointing upward which represents the Perfect or Divine Man; Masonic writer Albert Churchward states standard occult belief when he further identifies the Upright Triangle. With the point up Churchward writes that this triangle represents Set. "Set" is one of the Infernal Names of Satan, as listed in the Satanic Bible written by Satanic High Priest, Anton LaVey. [Churchward's book was, Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man , London: George Allen and Company, Ltd., 1913, Second Edition, p. 189, 309, 471.]
In India, this triangle was worn in the foreheads of the followers of Shiva. Masonic authors William Meyer and J.S.M. Ward, also wrote that this type of triangle was worn in India by followers of Shiva, who wear it in their foreheads. Shiva is another Infernal Name listed in the Satanic Bible as another name for Satan! {Meyer wrote this in, The Order of the Eastern Star, p. 20; Ward wrote this information in, Freemasonry and the Ancient Gods, London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Co., Ltd., 1921, p. 10-11. Occult writer, R.P. Lawrie Krishna said the same thing in The Lamb Slain -- Supreme Sacrifice.
Seal_Solomon_Conjure_Demons.jpg (16200 bytes)Uniting the Water Triangle with the Fire Triangle, the Hexagram is formed. It forms a six pointed star also known as the Seal of Solomon. This symbol is a counterfeit Star of David, the national symbol of Israel(God's chosen nation). The difference between the Star of David and the occult seal is the triangles which make up the occult seal interlock and the two triangles of the Star of David lie flat against each other.
Mary Ann Slipper, a Masonic author, writing in Symbolism of the Eastern Star, 1927, on page 14, makes a most telling admission, when she says, "The six pointed star is used in Masonic work and is also found in other well known secret orders." Another Eastern Star book, The Second Mile , understates the impact of the hexagram when it says, "... the six pointed star is a very ancient symbol and one of the most powerful."
The hexagram is a very powerful symbol to witches, magicians and sorcerers. It is used in different kinds of witchcraft, magic, occultism, and the casting of zodialcal horoscopes. Because it has six points, and because it contains a '666,' the hexagram is considered to be Satan's most powerful symbol. Look at the hexagram above. The first six is formed by the sides of each triangle facing the clockwise direction; the second six is formed by the sides of each triangle formed by facing the counterclockwise direction; the third six is formed by the sides of the inner hexagon.
The hexagram was used as a "stand-by for Magicians and Alchemists. The Sorcerers believed it represented the footprint of a special kind of demon called a 'trud', and used it in ceremonies both to call up demons and to keep them away." [Gary Jennings, Black Magic, White Magic, Eau Claire, WI, The Dial Press, 1964, p. 51. Also Harry E. Wedeck, Treasury of Witchcraft , New York, Philosophical Library, 1961, p. 135]
The hexagram is used to conjure up demons, making them appear in this dimension to do the bidding of the witch. Doc Marquis (Former Illuminist Satanist) confirms that hexagrams are used to call forth demons to place spells and curses on the intended victim. The word, "HEX," comes from this practice.
The hexagram is also a symbol of the sex act and reproduction. Masonic author, Albert G. Mackey provides us with the occult explanation in his book, The Symbolism of Freemasonry, [p. 195, 1869 A.D.] The triangle pointing downward "is a female symbol corresponding to the 'yoni' and the upward pointing triangle is the male, the 'lingam'. When the two triangles are interlaced, it represents the union of the active and passive forces in nature; it represents the male and female elements." [Also explained in Did You Know? Vignettes in Masonry from the Royal Arch Mason Magazine , Missouri Lodge of Research, 1965, p. 132, Wes Cook, Editor]
If this has not become evident to you, the occultist, the paganist, worship sex. They also worship most everything in nature, which fulfills the Biblical definition of a paganist in Romans 1:25, "Because they exchanged the truth of God for a lie and worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator ..."
Speaking of the sexual connotation of the hexagram, another witch revealed, "When the male triangle penetrates the female triangle, it produces the six pointed crest of Solomon or hexagram, the most wicked symbol in witchcraft." [David J. Meyer, Dancing With Demons: The Music's Real Master ]
The hexagram is the sign used in the Royal Arch in Freemasonry. Masonic author Wes Cook, writing in Did You Know? Vignettes in Masonry from the Royal Arch Mason Magazine, [Missouri Lodge of Research, 1965, p. 132] stated that the hexagram represented "balance and harmony" in all facets of the world. Another Masonic publication links the hexagram with the infamous Chinese YANG AND YIN symbol. ["The Significant Numbers", Short Talk Bulletin , September, 1956, Vol. 34, No. 9, p. 5]
In summary, the hexagram IS the most wicked, and one of the most powerful, of all symbols in witchcraft. It is used to call forth demons into this dimension, to communicate with the dead, to describe sex acts, and to represent false and pagan gods such as Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. [Masonic and Occult Symbols Illustrated , Dr. Cathy Burns, p. 39]
Educate yourself so that you can recognize their "plan" for the New World Order -- Kingdom of Antichrist -- in the daily news.
therevsmall.jpg (1693 bytes) | dclm_edu |
---
title: Image Segmentation
date: 2019-09-03
weight: 6
---
## 基础知识
* $R$: 图像所占区域
* 图像分割：$R=\cup_{i=1}^n R_i$
* $R_i$ 连通
* $R_i\cap R_j=\emptyset$
* $Q$: 用于划分区域的函数
* $Q(R_i)=\text{T}$
* $Q(R_i\cup R_j)=\text{F}$
* 分割依据
* 灰度的不连续性
* 灰度的相似性
* 边缘：连通的边缘像素的集合
* 边缘像素：灰度发生剧烈变化
* 线：特殊的边缘，两侧的灰度值都很大或小
* 点：长宽只有一个像素的线
* 孤立点检测
* 拉普拉斯算子
* 判断响应幅度是否大于阈值
* 线检测
* 拉普拉斯算子
* 双线效应
* 检测特定方向的线
* 边缘模型
* 台阶边缘 Step Edge：1个像素距离上发生灰度级理想过渡，理想边缘
* 斜坡边缘 Ramp Edge
* 屋顶边缘 Roof Edge: 穿过区域的线
* 存在噪声的边缘
* 视觉上噪声并不明显
* 噪声对导数影响很大
* 二阶导更敏感
## 边缘检测
* 基本边缘检测
* 梯度：最大变化率方向，边缘方向与梯度正交
* 大小：$M(x,y)=\sqrt{g_x^2+g_y^2}\approx|g_x|+|g_y|$ （边缘图）
* 方向：$\alpha(x,y)=\tan^{-1}(\frac{g_y}{g_x})$
* 梯度算子
* 罗伯特交叉梯度算子
* Prewitt 算子
* Sobel 算子
* 高级边缘检测
* Marr-Hildreth 边缘检测器
* $\nabla^2=\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2}{\partial y^2}$
* $G(x,y)=e^{-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2\sigma^2}}$
* LoG(高斯的拉普拉斯)：$\nabla^2 G(x,y)=[\frac{x^2+y^2-2\sigma^2}{\sigma^4}]e^{-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2\sigma^2}}$
* 零交叉：$x^2+y^2=2\sigma^2$
* 生成不同尺寸的模板
* 对 $G(x,y)$ 进行采样，得到 $n\times n$ 的模板
* 与拉普拉斯模板卷积
* 算法
* 用 $n\times n$ 的高斯低通滤波器平滑图像
* 计算上图的拉普拉斯
* 寻找零交叉：检查某像素两个相对邻域像素的符号，符号相反且差异大于某阈值
* Canny 边缘检测器
* 高斯函数平滑输入图像
* 计算图像梯度的大小与角度
* 非最大抑制：把梯度生成的粗边变细
* 四种边缘：水平，垂直，+45，-45
* 根据梯度方向确定边缘方向 $d_k$
* 如果 $M(x,y)$ 的值比 $(x,y)$ 在 $d_k$ 方向任意邻居小则对其抑制
* 滞后阈值：减少伪边缘点
* 低阈值：$T_L,g_{\text{NL}}(x,y)=g(x,y)\geq T_H$
* 高阈值：$T_H,g_{\text{NH}}(x,y)=g(x,y)\geq T_L$
* 比值：2:1 或 3:1
* $g_{\text{NL}}(x,y)=g_{\text{NL}}(x,y)-g_{\text{NH}}(x,y)$
* 连通性分析
* 遍历 $g_{\text{NH}}$ 中每一个点 $p$，保留 $g_{\text{NL}}$ 中和 $p$ 连通的点
* 去掉 $g_{\text{NL}}$ 剩余的点
* 合并 $g_{\text{NH}}$ 和 $g_{\text{NL}}$
## 边缘连接
将边缘像素组合成有意义的边缘或区域边界
* 局部处理
* 分析每个点 $(x,y)$ 邻域内像素的特点
* 依据某准则将相似的点连接
* 梯度大小：$|M(s,t)-M(x,y)|\leq E$
* 梯度方向：$|\alpha(s,t)-\alpha(x,y)|\leq A$
* 简化算法：$g(x,y)=[M(x,y)>T_M,\alpha(x,y)=A+T_A]$
* 区域处理
* 函数近似：拟合一条二维曲线
* 多边形近似
* $P$：已排序，不重复的二值图像中的序列，起始点 $A,B$
* $T$: 阈值
* 空堆栈：OPEN, CLOSED
* 闭合曲线：将 $B$ 放入 OPEN,CLOSED 中，$A$ 放入 OPEN 中
* 开放曲线：将 $B$ 放入 CLOSED 中，$A$ 放入 OPEN 中
* 计算 CLOSED 中最后一个顶点到 OPEN 中最后一个顶点的线的参数
* 寻找与上述直线距离最大的点，若 $D>T$ 则将其放入 OPEN 中，重复上一步
* 否则从 OPEN 中弹出顶点到 CLOSED 中，如开非空则重复
* 否则 CLOSED 中的顶点就是多项式顶点
* 全局处理
* 霍夫变换
* 直线方程：$y_i=ax_i+b$
* ab-平面：$b=-ax_i+y_i$
* xy-平面：$x\cos\theta+y\sin\theta=\rho$
* $\rho\theta$: $\rho=x\cos\theta+y\sin\theta$
* 划分累加单元，统计每个单元内曲线的数目
## 边缘追踪
* [Square Tracing Algorithm](http://www.imageprocessingplace.com/downloads_V3/root_downloads/tutorials/contour_tracing_Abeer_George_Ghuneim/square.html)
* [Moore-Neighbor Tracing](http://www.imageprocessingplace.com/downloads_V3/root_downloads/tutorials/contour_tracing_Abeer_George_Ghuneim/moore.html)
* Same to Radial Sweep
* Jacob's stopping criterion
* Stop after visiting the start pixel n times, where n is at least 2, OR
* Stop after entering the start pixel a second time in the same manner you entered it initially.
| stack_edu |
100% cpu utilization
jra at samba.org
Fri Nov 30 14:13:05 GMT 2001
On Tue, Nov 06, 2001 at 10:40:50AM -0500, Scott Moomaw wrote:
> I've just watched the system climb to 100% cpu utilization again and may
> have caught some helpful info. We're running the latest CVS on a Solaris
> 8 x86 box. Looking at things this time, it may be that the select
> processing in sys_select is overwhelming the system under heavier loads.
> It appears that Solaris uses poll() as the underlying method of
> implementing the select() call. This morning, I saw approximately 170
> smbd processes active when the problem occurred. Every one that I was
> able to get a pstack from was in a state similar to this.
> 22808: /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D
> dfa19095 poll (80478c0, 3, ea60)
> dfa2bee5 select () + 1f5
> 08132133 sys_select (d, 8047a2c, 8047a24, 80a12f9) + c7
> 080a1395 receive_message_or_smb (8210991, 10040, ea60, 80a25e0) + 169
> 080a261a smbd_process (dfbed1e8, 8047b00, 8047be8, 210, dfa0d67f, dfa0d6a3, dfbe137f, 8047b00, ...) + 11e
> 0806ee59 main (2, 8047b44, 8047b50) + 6d9
> 0806d94f _start () + 57
> Top reports extremely high kernel utilization of the CPU. Anyone have
> knowledge of the efficiency of Solaris's poll() system call? It seems
> like the number of processes in a poll() state is more than the system can
> handle. The system is a dual P400 and didn't exhibit this symptom until
> after our Win2k/Samba 2.2.x upgrades this summer.
> Your thoughts???
I don't know if you saw my posting to Samba Technical,
but I may finally have figured out this one.
I committed a fix to HEAD and 2.2 CVS.
If you could test the 2.2 tree out I'd appreciate
More information about the samba-technical | fineweb_edu |
Volunteers began bringing the food in first thing in the morning, and it just kept coming! Our wonderful teachers enjoyed quite a large potluck of delicious foods. All involved with the day had a good time, and lots of parents came at lunch to help supervise the crazy jail scene. Many kids enjoyed - with zeal - paying for a "warrant" to put their teacher in jail, and many more enjoyed the rewards that came from bailing a grateful teacher out. Watch for this event again next St. Patrick's Day! | fineweb_edu |
ZR-1 Trivia
Thank you to Jerry Watts and the ZR-1 Registry for the following trivia information:
The 1 to 4 lockout was GM's way of meeting government mandated CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) mileage considerations and avoiding a gas guzzler tax for the ZR1. 1990 through 1994 requirements included the following:
• Coolant temp.: at least 120 degrees
• M.P.H. - 12 to 19
• Throttle Angle - Less than 35% In 1995, these requirements were reduced to the following:
• M.P.H. - 15 to 19
• Throttle Angle - Less than 13%
• In the first half of the 1990 model year, the CD radio came with a lock-out feature (Delco-Loc II). Loc II was printed on the face plate. The owner was instructed to program a six-digit number into the radio. Whenever the radio lost complete power, the number had to be used to unlock the radio, otherwise the CD and cassette players were locked. If the numbers were lost or forgotten, the radio could be de-programed.
• There was no low oil option on the 1990 model, but the bulb position was the DIC (Driver's Information Center).
• The half-shaft was changed during the 1990 model starting with VIN # 800621.
• The little triangle buttons on the seat switches for the 1990 and 1991 models can be ordered with the following part #'s: Left - 12514822, Right - 12514823.
• There is a Kent-Moore tool #J38845 to do diagnostics on 1989-91 low tire problems. The tool will plug into the cigarette lighter.
• The center caps and lug caps were installed at the factory before shipment for the 1991 model year. In 1992 these parts were shipped loose for the dealer to install beginning with VIN #800154.
• The C-note horn was replaced with an F-note beginning with the 1991 model.
• In 1992 the master cylinder bore was increased. In addition, the front brake calipers were changed to increase the brake pedal height.
• In 1993 the horsepower was increased. A good percent of this increase was do to a reduction of restrictions in the exhaust system.
• From 1993 on, there are only four grease zerks on the entire car- upper and lower ball joints.
• The 1990-1992 LT5 engine would stay at a high idle longer than was desirable, sometimes up to 20 seconds after coming to a complete stop. New E-proms were issued to reduce this idle time to 3 seconds.
• On 1994-95s, hesitation was noticed between 1700 and 2500 rpm due to the timing being reduced. A new E-prom was issued.
• The Bowling Green emblem under the hood was replaced by the Mobil 1 emblem on Sept. 28, 1993.
• The first 1993 ZR-1 sold to the public was VIN #800024.
• The part # was changed on the ZR-1 transmission from 10186865 to 10255122 starting on VIN #800232 in the 1993 model year.
• For the model year 1993 the BG plant began putting VIN's on the glass tops. The number is located on the driver side header and can be seen by looking at the the top from the front. (Note: It also seems that this is maybe true on other years. One owner found it on his '90.)
• Sometime between '93-94 model years. The advanced computation power of something called the "P8" ECM first came into existence in the ZR-1. A full blown upgrade to the earlier 8 bit microcomputer, aka the "P4" design.With the latter cars, LT5 engine RPM could now be resolved into +/-1 rpm increments. Prior to 1993, ZR-1 ECMs could not resolve any better than +/-25 rpm using the "P4" CPU architecture. Thanks to Dennis Duchmann for this info.
• In the first year the ZR-1 was out, 1990, manual AC was standard(C60) with electronic control AC (C68) as an option. Only 124 1990 ZR-1s produced were equipped with manual AC. Manual AC went away after the first year with electronic control AC becoming the standard.
From Geoff Jeal a past member of the Lotus development team that help design , build , test, and calibrate the LT5 engine and now a member of the ZR-1 Net:
Where did you find all these LT-5 engines and parts?
When GM ordered Lotus to destroy engines, they were taken to a scrap yard nearby and hit with a sledgehammer. This engine has a broken crankcase and inlet castings but is otherwise intact and can be rebuilt. It is an early phase2 development engine, note the metal plate behind the flywheel.
What was that for?
You have to understand that the early motors had severe crankcase oil breather problems. In the dyno cell, we had pipes going up the wall to a 25 litre drum to try and contain the oil thrown out at high rpm. We needed extra crankcase volume to be able to run the engines at high load/ RPM so we cut a slot in the back of the crankcase and sealed the area behind the flywheel with a plate. This was a temporary measure while we sought a solution to the problem.
How was the problem solved?
The solution was clever, we had to find a way of creating extra volume for the oil vapours. An oil separator box with baffles was added on top of the crankcase and the inlet manifolds were cast hollow. If you look at the route taken by the vapours, they pass from the separator through rubber hoses into the inlet manifolds before being routed to the PCV valves so we made use of the dead volume inside the manifold castings.
Then you added the separator box, you had to cut a big hole in the top of the crankcase. Didn't this weaken the structure of the engine?
The crankcase was re-designed to cope with this. We had so many other problems at the time, believe it or not this was not our biggest problem! We were testing with nodular cast crankshafts which were flexing excessively causing real serious stresses to the bottom end. We dismantled one engine to find the crankcase had split completely into two parts right down the middle, so instead of a V8 we had two straight 4's lying on the bench !
How do you regard the strength of the bottom end now?
Everyone who worked on the LT-5 has tremendous respect for the huge strength and mechanical integrity of the bottom end. We have seen close to 1,000 bhp from the Indycar twin turbo engine built on it. I am in the process of building a special 5.4ltr 800 bhp naturally aspirated engine for a client right now which will use different con-rods but otherwise the same bottom end.
How do you achieve this kind of power output?
You have to realize that, in road engine terms, 100 bhp per litre is nowhere like the threshold it was some years ago. The LT5 cylinder heads flow enough air for 150bhp per litre at 8000rpm so there is loads of potential within the 5.7 litres we have. Cam design, inlet breathing and exhausts are the areas to look at.
Why then do guys in the 'States go for increasing cubic capacity?
Historically, English engineers have refined smaller engines where the Americans go for extra cubes, a different engineering culture perhaps. It is obviously a quicker development process just to add more cubes so perhaps ultimately cheaper for the customer.
From Christopher Mudd Calibration Engineer
Historically English Engineers have refined smaller engines because: In the UK around the 1920's, horsepower was taxable, the tax scale was derived from the RAC (Royal Automobile Club) horsepower rating. The formula used to calculate the horsepower rating of an engine included the number of cylinders and the bore diameter, but not the stroke length, so the larger the bore size and the more cylinders you had the more tax you paid.
To get by this ruling, people such as William Morris, proprietor of Morris Garages, built long stroke small bore four cylinder engines and fitted them into lightweight chassis's, these cars were later known by the initials MG.
American cars with large multi-cylinder engines were made even more expensive at this time by hefty import taxes being imposed by the UK. GM under the steward ship of A.P.Slone had highlighted Europe as a major growth area but found it was not cost effective to ship cars over from the US and then have to pay import taxes.
To get around this problem GM identified three strategically placed vehicle manufacturers in Europe and approached them with buy-out offers, the three companies were Citroen in France, Adam Opel in Germany and Austin in the UK. Austin was thought to be too expensive (GM later bought Vauxhall Motors instead), the Citroen deal didn't go through (GM to this day do not have a manufacturer in France), Adam Opel became part of GM and now supplies Cadillac.
Now that GM made cars in Europe it didn't have to ship them from the US, leaving the Brit tuning guys with an even more remote chance of getting their hands on the big American motor ...That was until the LT5 ................ When 60 years or more of bottled-up engineering frustration was unleashed on an unsuspecting V8.
Once the engine has gone closed loop, do the Oxygen Sensors always dictate the Air Fuel Ratio?
No, the LT-5 has two completely different conditions of AFR. The first, around 14.7:1 (stoichiometric), is under light load with no secondary injection, and ECM software is constantly adjusting the AFR in real time. This design is intended mainly to achieve emissions compliance. The second AFR is about 12:1, under power with secondaries operating, and is not closed loop, the ECM ignores the oxygen sensors and uses a different fuel "look-up" table.
How easy is it to modify the ECM calibrations?
You must remember that ten years have passed since we began the LT-5, and engine management systems have advanced dramatically. Modern systems can be examined and modified much more easily using PC compatible systems. By comparison, a calibration that would have taken us several weeks in the old days would take perhaps two days now. It is possible to make improvements, but you need to be intimately familiar with the LT-5 software, how it works and why before making any changes.
What was the next generation LT5?
The 96 model year was to have been:- 450bhp/450lbft with full OBD2 compliance. The changes were to have been, new cylinder heads with new porting and a change in valve angle plus changes to the combustion chamber. New cam profiles and timing. New inlet manifolds including heater pads to aid fuel vaporization on cold start ( to improve cold start emissions). New exhaust headers with new heated catalysts. Twin plenum intake system with the adoption of twin mass air flow sensing for fuel calculation in place of the speed/density system that the engine currently uses. All of the parts had been drawn and procured and the prototype engine builds were under way when the project was cancelled. All the parts(enough to build 20 engines) were literally thrown away. Yes really!!
[What was the "octopus"?
The "octopus" you refer to was the air shroud harness from a Phase 1 LT5 circa 1986. The original idea was to feed extra air around the primary fuel injectors on cold start to aid emissions - this didn't work so the idea was dropped- thankfully as they were a real pain to fit up. These harness were only fitted to the first 6 or so engines.
The "GOLD" Plate:
Somewhere out there is a 199? ZR1 which ended up at a eastern U.S. dealership (possibly in Pennsylvania). Rumor also has it that this plate can be seen by looking through the right side runners of the plenum, possibly between 2 & 4 cylinders.
For information the plate which is on the first 91 MY LT5 is actually signed by Barry Eller (of Mercruiser) and Jim Perkins (of Chevrolet). I guess it would have been nice to have Harry sign it but GM thought the two people that actually did were more appropriate. Due to the way the production of cars/engines were scheduled it did not go in the first car, but it was early. This plate can be seen without stripping down the engine but only just.
Cylinder Head Differences:
The production cylinder heads for the LT5 engine were originally produced by Birmal, all engines right up to the last few of the 1995 MY were fitted with Birmal heads. The machined port matched and hand blended heads were all Birmal parts.
Originally when I returned from being Resident Engineer at Stillwater the changes for increased output for the 93 MY were intended to be increased lift and duration on the secondary cam profile from what was known as the 'B' profile to the 'RB' profile which had a further 10 degrees duration. This resulted in engines which achieved the power target but paid the price in terms of reduced low end torque, something for which the LT5 had always been criticized. Since this was now my responsibility we made a change in the design direction ie. we would stick with the same cam profiles, optimize the cam timing and devise a simple machining and hand blending operation for increased port flow. So the 1993 MY engines started to have a revised throat cutter diameter an increase in the primary and secondary ports and a simple blend at the junction of the two machine cuts. I would not really call the operation CNC porting because to me that implies some change in the fundamental port design which this operation certainly did not. Now the time frame for all of this was early 1991, Birmal advised us that they did not want to produce heads for the future model years, infact they wanted to get out of the semi-permanent mould business. So we looked for alternative sources. A.L. Dunn were selected and the tooling was transferred from Birmal. At this time because of the original production schedule and the cut back in the volume of cars produced there were sufficient Birmal heads for a large portion of the remaining engine builds. We decided that since the port core box needed refurbishment, we would take this opportunity to re-design the port so as to eliminate the need for machining and hand blending at Mercruiser. The final cast port actually flows better and more consistently than the machined part. This change was incorporated with the production fix to the right hand side chain tensioner reservoir for engines late in the 95 MY build. All A.L Dunn heads had these features incorporated. There were about 200 head sets cats by Dunns and I believe about 130 engines were fitted with them.
Above info provided by Graham Behan
Cylinder Head Differences: Part 2
The following information provided by Mark Broin.
The latest two head designs had recast pockets for providing better oil retention for the cam timing chains. This reduced even further the possibility of chain rattling during startup, providing better dry start lubrication, especially after long periods of the engine not running. These heads were are referenced as the "A.L. Dunn Cylinder Head, First Design and Second Design" ( The latest Second Design Lotus Part Number was 550.4005.878A-RH and 550.4005.877A-LH) These second design heads were a design year change occurring sometime just before the final '95 designated engines were completed. The model year change specification documents were "ECH=3D 550.2680; MY=3D95A; ECA=3D1.0285". These heads did not include the CNC machining of the port runners when installed on the motors. The improved port matching technique was the same as the first design heads. GM's part numbers are 10228866-RH and 10228865-LH (Service part numbers are 10168655-RH and 10168654-LH. These are the numbers used internally for the construction of the motor).
The first design Dunn head included the CNC machining and better port matching technique to the manifold for '93-'95 applications, and also the revised oil retention pocket.
Again, the second design heads did not have CNC machined runners, and the casting walls were thicker. GM argued there was very little difference in flow rates between the cast runner and CNC machined runner sets of heads. Most of the horsepower increase in stock applications, anyway, was supposed to be from better port matching. When replacing heads, GM may inadvertently send one of each rather than a matched pair,ie., both machined or both cast runner. These heads are not uniquely distinguished by GM part number, so be careful when you buy to at least check for comparable runner treatment. The second design Dunn head is not uniquely part numbered from the first. Note: the thicker casting walls on the second design heads might be advantageous for machining out to even greater flow rates than achievable with any of the other head designs?
The high flow head work done early on by the fellows at Mercury consisted of refinements on the cast runners and port matching done by hand. From this work, patterns were developed for the horsepower bump work marketed through the rebuilders. This early modification work was all sub contracted to the two fellows at Mercury, Scott Skinner and another fellow named Greg VanDeventer, returned and then installed on customer motors.
3:54 Rear Ends
The following information provided by Gordon Killebrew.
It was originally released for cars going to the European market because of low noise level requirements.
It was not an option you could order. It was automatically a 3.54 axle instead of a 3.45 when going to a Country that required this.
From the start of production in 1988 (MY89) to 01/01/89, all 6-speeds had a 3.54 axle. After 01/01/89 the ZR-1s used a 3.45 axle. The L98 6-speeds used a 3.31 axle. The 3.54 axle was not EPA certified in 90-92 because it went to the European area market. In 1990 the L98 & LT5 6-speeds used a 3.45 except the GHO code with a 8.5 ring gear.
The are no records for how many, and there were no break points. They were produced as ordered.
I doubt that any went to the country of Switzerland due to their noise level requirements. Most ZR1's did not meet their requirements. There were some sent to England.
Chain System
The reason the chain system on the LT5 is at best a compromise is because one of the design criteria was that it should be loaded from the underside of the car. What this actually did was to give us a width criteria which basically dictated the max diameter of the camshaft timing sprocket which in turn limits the engagement of the chain, which in turn causes high stress concentration in the engaged links leading to fatigue failure. This system could have been bullet proof without the imposition of the width limit.
Graham Behan
LT5 Badge
The first 15 pilot ZR-1's carried the "LT5" badge on the rear fascia. Later on the production ZR-1's GM starting putting on the "ZR-1" badges.
Will Rupprecht
LT5 Polishing and Performance
The fact is, the cylinder heads were the only castings to receive any "fettling" as Lotus referred to the process of removing metal from the ports with a hand grinder. They only got a very small area of the intake ports blended just above the valve seat in the short side radius on the inside wall where the bowl transitions into the runner. Yes some could have received a little more attention than others, but believe me, there wasn't enough time to get carried away, and no way to do a "special set" to go on an engine as they were picked randomly to build the engine many steps further in the process. This "hand fettling" process wasn't a huge factor in the final engines performance.
A more likely culprit of poor airflow would be core shift especially in the injector housings. Core shift in other castings could have had a part in the losses also.
Another suspect cause of variability that has already been addressed is the cam timing. The production cam timing method did have more variability than "degreeing" them in using an indicator and degree wheel.
This leads me to respond to another statement regarding the Dynomometer testing on the LT5 engine. Every LT5 was dyno tested and met the tolerances before it was shipped. The dyno sheets and tons of other data were given to the museum, in hopes it would be shared with the car owners.
Greg Van Deventer
©2018 ZR-1 NET Registry | Privacy Statement | dclm_edu |
paid off a ton of debt, cli added about 25k in additional credit, util dropping to under 10%. TU fako went to 778 from 726 in one day. Cant wait for wally world score update on the 10th. Gardening till Ocotber !!!!!!!!!!!!
Congratulations paying off your debt and getting your DTI so low. I'm not sure what your goals are, but I wouldn't get too excited about the TU FAKO score. My TU FAKO was in the 800's, and I just got my mortgage TU FICO from a bank and it was 736. Easily 80 points under the TU FAKO that TU sells to customers and rips them off with that. Even mufico's TU score was 789, which is a FAR cry from my real score of 736. Myfico sells FAKO scores too.
I'm sure you're right that myfico uses a different scoring model, however there's really no difference between a FAKO score and the score that myfico sells to you since neither of them are what the lender uses.
what do the lenders use for TU score then and is there a site that gives you that same score. My TU score from site was 732 but from MYFICO was 632 way different. I want to know what the lenders will see.
I think mortgage lenders use TU04.
I don't know where you can get that score.
And yes, the TU score from myfico may as well be a FAKO; if a scoring model isn't used by a lender, it's irrelevant. | fineweb_edu |
Title: How to Reschedule a Cricket Match Due to Illness in One Camp
Introduction:
In cricket, there may be instances where a team is affected by illness or other unforeseen circumstances, leading to the need to reschedule a match. This article provides a detailed guide on how this can be done, using the example of the PAK vs ENG 1st Test being potentially rescheduled due to a viral infection in the England camp. By following these steps, both cricket boards (in this case, the PCB and ECB) can ensure fair play while also prioritizing player health and safety.
Step 1: Monitor Player Health
Regularly assess the health status of all players and support staff involved in the touring party. If multiple individuals show symptoms consistent with a contagious illness, such as a viral infection, seek medical advice immediately. Ensure all necessary measures are taken to prevent further spread of the illness within the group and isolate those who are symptomatic.
Tip: Maintain open lines of communication with local healthcare providers and consult them early if concerns arise about potential outbreaks. Early intervention can help contain the issue and minimize disruptions to the schedule.
Key Guideline: Prioritize the well-being of the players over adherence to schedules; postponement might become inevitable when several members fall ill.
Step 2: Consult With Medical Experts
Seek guidance from medical professionals familiar with sports medicine and infectious diseases. They can offer recommendations based on the severity and nature of the illness affecting the squad and suggest appropriate actions moving forward. Their input will assist in making informed decisions regarding whether to proceed with the scheduled fixture or request its postponement.
Step 3: Liaise With Opposing Board
As soon as possible, initiate conversations with the opposing board (PCB, in this instance) informing them of the developing situation and expressing concern about the impact on the upcoming match. Provide regular updates on the number of infected personnel and any new developments concerning the illness. Honesty and transparency during these exchanges foster goodwill and mutual understanding, which ultimately benefits both parties.
Step 4: Discuss Potential Solutions
Collaboratively explore alternative options for staging the match at a later date or adjusting the existing format if feasible. For instance, consider pushing back the starting time or delaying the start of the series by a few days to allow sufficient recovery for afflicted players. Other possibilities include altering the playing conditions, like reducing overs per innings or implementing additional breaks between sessions to accommodate recovering athletes.
Step 5: Seek Approval From Relevant Authorities
Once a suitable solution has been agreed upon by both boards, obtain approval from relevant authorities overseeing international cricket matches, such as the International Cricket Council (ICC). Submit comprehensive documentation outlining the reasons behind the requested changes and demonstrate compliance with established protocols governing cricketing events. Anticipate delays in receiving formal authorization due to bureaucratic procedures but remain hopeful for positive outcomes.
Step 6: Communicate Decision Publicly
Announce the revised plans through official channels, ensuring clear language and complete information. Address questions from media representatives promptly and accurately, providing reassurance that player welfare remains paramount throughout the decision-making process. Acknowledge the disappointment caused by the change but emphasize the importance of safeguarding everyone's health and maintaining competitive integrity.
Step 7: Adjust Logistical Arrangements
Modify logistical aspects surrounding the rescheduled event, accounting for altered timelines and requirements. Coordinate closely with venue management, broadcast partners, security services, accommodations, transport providers, and sponsors to align expectations and adapt arrangements accordingly. Be prepared for last-minute modifications should further complications arise due to lingering illnesses within either camp.
Conclusion:
Rescheduling a cricket match owing to widespread illness requires careful collaboration between cricket boards, medical experts, and various stakeholders. By diligently addressing each step outlined above, you contribute positively towards preserving the spirit of fair competition while upholding essential principles of care and respect for participants' well-being. | cosmopedia_v2 |
Signs Your Asphalt Roof Needs to Be Repaired
How To Trim A Maple Tree
Step 1. Select the correct time.
The best time to trim a maple tree is in the late fall or early winter, when the tree becomes dormant. Trimming at this time minimizes the impact on the tree, since it isn't actively growing.
Step 2. Choose the diseased limbs.
Mark the diseased limbs that you wish to cut by tying colored tape around them. The origin of these limbs should generally be at least six feet off the ground.
This strategy will cause the remaining limb to grow downward, allowing new growth to fill the space left by the cut limb. Removing limbs at a higher level is generally impractical since it would require you to climb the tree itself instead of simply climbing a step ladder.
Step 3. Choose the crowded limbs.
Mark limbs that are growing too close to each other. These limbs need to be cut to prevent abnormal growth that occurs when adjacent limbs run into each other as they grow. These sections will be harder to trim if you wait for them to get bigger.
Step 4. Perform essential trimming.
Place a step ladder under the limbs, and instruct an assistant to hold the ladder steady as you climb it.
Trim the limbs at their origin where they connect to the trunk or a larger branch. Trim the diseased sections without cutting limbs with healthy buds as much as possible.
Cut the largest limbs in the middle of the tree first and then progress to the smaller limbs on the periphery of the tree. Large limbs may require a pruning saw, while smaller limbs should be cut with lopping shears.
Step 5. Perform cosmetic trimming.
Once you've removed the limbs necessary for maintaining the tree's health, you can perform the cosmetic trimming. The purpose of this trimming is usually to simply provide the tree with a pleasant shape, but it can also involve trimming the tree to look like a particular object or character.
Contact a tree-trimming specialist in your area if you need a professional, such as Shadywood Tree Experts & Landscaping Inc., to prune your maple tree. These specialists can also perform many other services for your trees. | dclm_edu |
Our Coaches & Mentors
As a member of BTA, a customised training package can be developed that tailors to the experience levels of almost every triathlete. Our coaches can design a package for a work/life balance that will allow for you to focus on your training with the end goal of your race-day performance.
USAT Level 1 Certified Coach, USMS Level 1 & 2 Certified Coach
My journey began in June 2012 with running, but it wasn’t enough, so I registered for a mini indoor triathlon and even though I knew how to swim, I began taking swim lessons in January 2013 and completed my first triathlon in April 2013. I dreamed of being an Ironman after that race; I could “taste the iron” and 15 months later, I completed Ironman Lake Placid. ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE®. With over 20 triathlons and numerous marathons under my belt I figured if I could do it, anyone one can if they want it bad enough and put their mind to it. As a USAT Level 1 Certified Coach and a USMS Level 1 & 2 Certified Coach, I focus on helping my athletes overcome their limiters, provide not just physical training plans, but mental training as well, and encouraging and supporting every athlete to reach their goals be it a Mini, Sprint, Olympic, Half Iron or Full Iron Triathlon distance race. My hope is that other women can see that it is possible to attain any dream you dream.
USAT Certified Level 1 Coach, a RCAA Run Coach
I am an adult onset athlete. I stumbled into my first triathlon by accident, on a whim, in 2009. At the end, I had the opportunity to meet and talk to Sally Edwards, whose energy and spirit inspired me. In the succeeding years, I participated in a race here and there, while searching for ways to get other women – particularly those of color – involved. I started to lecture and write about triathlon – while reading everything I could get my hands on – and finally in 2012 started with a core group of individuals who, a few months later, went on to complete their first mini triathlon, sprints, Olympics and Half iron distance races. I am a USAT Certified Level 1 Coach, a RCAA Run Coach and love this sport and how it can help individuals find joy and build self-esteem, fitness and community through participation.
USMS Certified Level 1&2 Coach
A self-proclaimed non-athlete, who spent years overweight and obese, in December 2013, Ovetta completed the grueling ultra distance triathlon Ironman Cozumel, a race that consists of a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile bike ride and finishes with a marathon. She revamped her diet, lost 100 pounds, and transformed her perception of what it means to be an athlete.
She’s now helping others find their inner fitness fierceness through Faith Inspired Triathlon Training located on Chicago’s South Side.
Distance & middle distance
USAT Level II Certified
Infinity Effect Coaching
Elite Distance Running Coach
Triathlon, Marathon & Pilates Trainer
Swim & Run Expert
USAT Level I Certified
RYPE, Charlotte, NC
Certified athletic trainer/sports medicine
RRCA certified Running Coach
USA Cycling Coach
Interested in becoming a BTA coach?
If you are interested in working together, send us an inquiry and we will get back to you as soon as we can! | fineweb_edu |
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'; return $adCode; } else { return '
'; }
Standard Time
Before clocks were invented, people marked the time of day with apparent solar time. When well-regulated mechanical clocks became widespread in the early 19th century, each city began to use some local mean solar time. Apparent and mean solar time can differ by up to around 15 minutes (as described by the equation of time) due to the non-circular shape of the Earth’s orbit around the sun (Eccentricity) and the tilt of the Earth’s axis (Obliquity). Mean solar time has days of equal length, and the difference between the two averages to zero after a year.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was established in 1675 when the Royal Observatory was built as an aid to mariners to determine longitude at sea, providing a standard reference time when each city in England kept a different local time.
Local solar time became increasingly awkward as railways and telecommunications improved, because clocks differed between places by an amount corresponding to the difference in their geographical longitude, which varied by four minutes for every degree of longitude. The difference between New York and Boston is about two degrees or 8 minutes, the difference between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, is about 7 degrees or 28 minutes. Bristol is 2°35′ W(est) of Greenwich (East London), so when it is noon in Bristol, it is about 10 minutes past noon in London.[1] The use of time zones smooths out these differences. [via]
You may not have heard of Sir Sandford Fleming so take a look at the man who standardized time.
Like it? Share it! | dclm_edu |
US torture of prisoners is 'indisputable', independent report finds
Report on US rendition programme by non-partisan thinktank finds highest officials were responsible for tortureA 580-page report published on Tuesday by the Constitution Project, a non-partisan Washington-based thinktank, concludes that the programme was unjustified and counterproductive, damaging to the country's reputation, and has placed US military personnel at risk of mistreatment if they are themselves taken prisoner.
April 16, 2013
An independent examination of the US rendition programme after 9/11 has concluded that it is "indisputable" that America tortured prisoners, and that the country's highest officials were responsible.
In findings similar to those of a report published two months ago by the New York NGO Open Society Justice Initiative, the study concludes that the US rendition programme enjoyed widespread international co-operation, with the UK, Canada, Italy, Germany and Sweden identified as prominent supporters alongside Egypt, Syria, Morocco and Jordan.
The authors also conclude that the UK-Libyan rendition operations that resulted in the abduction of two dissidents who were taken to Tripoli along with their families in 2004 were intended not to combat international terrorism, but to "gain favour" with the Gaddafi regime.
"Apparently someone (almost certainly at the CIA) thought that since theUnited States was sending people all around the world in our secret rendition programme to combat terrorism aimed at the United States, it would be a good idea to take advantage of the system to transfer some people to Libya in an effort to gain favour with that country's rulers," the report says. "We and the British government thought we were buying favour with Gaddafi's secret service."
Although some of the victims of those renditions are now in positions of some influence in post-revolutionary Libya, "the worst of the potential consequences of the earlier US actions appears to have been averted," the report says. In interviews, "the leaders of the revolt that overthrew Gaddafi expressed surprisingly little bitterness or even anger toward America. (Their attitude towards Britain is a different story.)"
The report also concludes that the CIA operated secret prisons within three European countries: Poland and Lithuania, which have acknowledged their existence, and Romania, which continues to deny that such a facility existed.
The study was embarked upon following the decision by the US president, Barack Obama, on entering the White House in 2009 that there would be no official inquiry into the rendition programme, on the grounds that it would be politically unproductive to "look backwards" rather than forwards.
The Constitution Project enjoyed no access to classified material – unlike the Senate's Intelligence Committee, whose 6,000-page report remains secret – but is nevertheless the most detailed attempt yet to produce a public reckoning of the impact of the rendition programme.
The panel of authors was chaired by Asa Hutchinson, a former Republican congressman who served as an under-secretary at the department of homeland security during the George W Bush administration. Other members include Thomas Pickering, a former US ambassador to the United Nations, a retired lieutenant general from the US army, a former president of the American Bar Association, and a retired army brigadier who taught interrogation techniques.
In one of their most damning conclusions, the panel says: "In the course of the nation's many previous conflicts, there is little doubt that some US personnel committed brutal acts against captives, as have armies and governments throughout history. But there is no evidence there had ever before been the kind of considered and detailed discussions that occurred after 11 September, directly involving a president and his top advisers on the wisdom, propriety and legality of inflicting pain and torment on some detainees in our custody."
The report calls for the revision of the US army's field manual on interrogation, to prohibit interrogation lasting 40 hours, and to introduce unambiguous bans of the use of stress positions and sleep deprivation.
In an appendix, the authors dismiss arguments – which have frequently followed party lines in the US – that the mistreatment of detainees after 9/11 fell short of torture, citing cases in which comparable treatment was prosecuted as torture by the US in the past. | fineweb_edu |
Our vision at Context Salon is to create a unique style tailored to you as an individual, be it classic, avant-garde, or simply enhancing your natural beauty. Each stylist is well suited to provide for ladies and gentlemen of all ages, lifestyles, and hair types.
Nestled deep in the heart of NE Portland, we are centrally located on the corner of MLK and Failing and open weekends for your convenience. You’ll find our online booking makes it even easier to make an appointment any time of day or night. So stop in, have a cup of tea, play our piano, and walk out feeling like a million bucks!
Samantha is a stylist who listens and provides solution oriented hair creations with your lifestyle as the priority. Artistically inspired by patterns, shapes, and color in nature and architecture, her goal is to customize the best work of art for you, with you as the canvas. She specializes in a broad spectrum of color and cutting, from bold to natural, short to long. And she KNOWS curly hair considering her own natural texture.
Samantha has been touching the lives of others through the avenue of hair for over 11 years, both in the salon as well as being an educator through John Paul Mitchell Systems. She has traveled to multiple countries sharing expertise and knowledge of the industry.
Her attention to detail and customer experience will leave you with a comfortable outlook on yourself and the world around you. When Samantha is not behind the chair, she is out on the trail or planning her next adventure.
Leslie Sorensen Stylist
Leslie was passionate about hair at a very early age. She chose to play with her teacher’s hair in pre school instead of play at recess. She never stops wanting to learn more about her craft. Her main goal is to have her clients leave feeling amazing!
Leah Cabler Stylist
Hairdressing has given me a professional life of creative freedom and wonderful clients, for over 11 years. I am committed to making each client feel special and heard. I have been an independent contractor my entire career, taking classes along the way to keep my techniques current and contemporary.
Currently accepting new clients, 971-303-7156 • [email protected]
Sandra Raymond Stylist
Sandra has been behind the chair for nearly two decades as a skilled, creative hair stylist and colorist with a good ear for listening. She continues to be inspired by current trends, vintage trends, and her clients.
Sandra likes to think in terms of shapes when creating a hairstyle. One person she has always admired who pushed this idea forward as an innovator in hairdressing is none other than the late great Vidal Sassoon when he said: “If you get hold of a head of hair on somebody you’ve never seen before, cut beautiful shapes, cut beautiful, architectural angles and she walks out looking so different- I think that’s masterful.”
Summer Cranford Owner | fineweb_edu |
If you have ever been inside a building that has utilized wood as part of the architectural structure and wondered how that was possible, the answer is autoclaving. Many people enjoy the look and feel of a log cabin, a home with wood features, or other building constructed of beautiful pieces of natural looking wood, but the reality is that wood is susceptible to the natural elements and will naturally deteriorate, leaving the home or building unsuitable for living.
When wood is exposed to the elements such as weather and insects, they can begin to decompose and a home or building can be quickly deemed uninhabitable if the wood and timber is decaying. However, the autoclave process for timber impregnation and wood treatment can help build beautiful homes and structures that can last a lifetime! Read further to learn more about the autoclave process for timber impregnation and wood treatment.
How it Works
The process for treating and impregnating wood through an autoclave system is fairly simple and is typically used for timber for building, door frames, window frames, shutters and other wooden materials. The first phase of the process is to use a vacuum to remove the air from the pieces of wood. The next phase is to insert the preservative into the wood.
Non-harmful preservatives that are water-based or composed of other non-harmful substances are then injected into the wood. This is what gives the wood the ability to last longer and decrease the harm caused by bugs, rain, and other elements they will endure from the environment. The last phase of the process involves resetting the wood back to the correct atmospheric pressure. This phase is essential in order to get the timber back to the appropriate pressure to be used for construction or whatever purpose it was intended.
When autoclaving is used for treating and impregnating wood to help it last longer, the natural look or content of the wood is not affected. This makes the autoclave process an environmentally friendly choice for preserving wood and using it for construction, with very little damage done to the wood or to the environment. As you can see this process is perfect for constructing beautiful buildings, homes, and other structures that maintain the natural beauty of the wood while increasing the durability and chances that the structure will sustain the elements. | fineweb_edu |
(ITS#6353) berval->string conversions ignore \0
Full_Name: Hallvard B Furuseth
Version: HEAD, RE24
Submission from: (NULL) (
Submitted by: hallvard
Conversion from a binary blob (struct berval*, BerElement read)
to a char* string typically just grabs bv.bv_val even when the
value may contain embedded '\0's.
In these cases, correct operation may require that the conversion
fails if bv_len != (bv_val ? strlen(bv_val) : 0). Or if bv_val is
not \0-terminated, to check if memchr(bv_val, '\0', bv_len) == NULL.
Examples: liblber/decode.c:
ber_get_stringa, ber_get_stringb, ber_get_bitstringa, ber_scanf "aAv"
Similarly, a lot of code requires a berval to be \0-terminated,
but some also - sometimes unwarranted - also that the first \0
it encounters when walking the value is the terminating \0.
For example, libldap/getdn.c has some exported functions that
look for \0 without checking bv_len, some which checks bv_len but
not a terminating \0, and some which does both. I really don't
know which of these functions can expect there is no embedded \0.
I think we need to introduce 'typedef struct berval BerString',
used to document that bv_len == (bv_val ? strlen(bv_val) : 0) for
the particular berval in question (e.g. in a function prototype).
And maybe a typedef BerData for the opposite. | dclm_edu |
|Home||» Products||» Machine Weft Hair|
Machine Weft Hair
We are a prominent supplier and exporter of a range of Machine Weft Hair. These are tangle free with the weft specifically reinforced to keep shedding to a bare minimum, as a result increasing the overall lifespan of the hair. The machine wefts are resilient and easy to handle by stylists and self wearers alike. Moreover, special emphasis has been given to make sure these are not too thick and bulky. Clients can avail our range of Machine Weft Hair as per their requirements at market leading rate. | fineweb_edu |
T: Papua New Guinea, J. Leahey's mill site, Goroka Subdistrict, 7,300 ft [2200 m], 18 Nov 1954, A.G.Floyd & J.S.Womersley 6297; holo: NSW; iso: CANB, L, LAE.
Stem 25–120 cm long, 1.1–2.5 (–3.0) mm in diam.; striations 23–47. Cataphylls 3–19 cm long, abaxially stramineous or pale red-brown for 1/4–1/2 of its length, grading to red-brown or dark red-brown towards base. Lower bract 9–35 cm long. Inflorescence 2–9 cm long. Tepals acute to acuminate, stramineous-brown, often with darker yellow-brown or red-brown band on each side of midrib, with broad membranous margins; outer tepals 2.1–2.7 (–3.0) mm long. Anthers 0.4–0.8 mm long, shorter than or exceeding filament. Capsule slightly shorter than or slightly exceeding outer tepals, ellipsoid to oblong or ovoid, dark golden brown to red-brown, umbonulate. Seeds 0.4–0.5 mm long. Fig. 138. | fineweb_edu |
“How to beat a lie detector”
An Indiana prosecutor announced last week that a federal judge should seek extensive jail time for a Mr. Chad Dixon. By day, Mr. Dixon is your workaday Joe American: small-town Indiana, owner of a small family business, father of three struggling to pay his bills, just like everybody else. But when night falls, Dixon sheds his charming exterior in favor of a nefarious scheme that has everyone from the FBI to Customs to “an unnamed intelligence agency,” from the Air Force to “69 to 100 communities,” in utter disarray, shattered by Dixon’s masterful con game:
In short, according to the Indiana prosecution, a blog post with this title is a potential threat to the very fabric of American society, that the only thing between us and general disarray is the hammer of justice itself, the polygraph – the “lie detector.”
Now, the real story beneath the hyperbole of this article is that Mr. Dixon’s extracurriculers viz-a-viz the polygraph are more interesting for his actively coaching criminal suspects to lie to investigators than for their general strategies for how to beat a lie detector. But the prosecution has stated its goal of discouraging people from teaching others techniques for beating the lie detector, and so the question is raised – what’s wrong with teaching people how to beat a useless investigatory tool?
The colloquial name for the polygraph machine, the “lie detector,” is a misnomer, since the polygraph does not detect lies or any other mental states. Rather, the polygraph reads a select few of the enormous number of physiological indicators of stress, and from this stress the prosecutor receiving the information from the polygraph examiner reading a select few indicators of stress infers that the test-taker is either lying or telling the truth. The extremely attenuated connection between a prosecutor’s interpretation of a polygraph reader’s interpretation of a polygraph machine’s interpretation of a polygraph taker’s stress levels forms the basis for all polygraph evidence, which is why most employers are banned from using it in pre-employment screening, five states have banned its use by employers entirely, and virtually every state at least restricts the ability of prosecutors to bring in polygraph evidence.
The most common limitation on polygraphs is to admit them by stipulation only – that is, only if both parties agree before the test is administered that, no matter the outcome, the outcome will be offered for the jury. This creates a certain gamble for either side – the prosecution might request a polygraph in order to try to “prove” that one party is lying, only to have that person “pass” the polygraph, thereby undermining the prosecutor’s case, and vice versa with the defense. It also gives the party being tested ample time to follow famed Soviet spy Aldritch Ames‘ advice on how to beat a polygraph: “get a good night’s sleep,” eat hearty breakfast, and go into the test on minimal stress. Because how’s the stress-detector going to infer lies from nonexistent stress? (An interesting consequence of the ability to beat the polygraph with low stress is that, at least in theory, sociopaths should be immune to the polygraph.)
In contrast to the states, where local laws often draw bright lines over how and when the polygraph is admissible, federal jurisprudence has created a complex weave of rules and exceptions over how and when either side can bring the polygraph into a federal case. At the axis of this confusing web is Rule 403, one of the Federal Rules of Evidence, forbidding the introduction of information whose value as evidence of a fact or crime (“probative value”) is outweighed by its tendency to confuse the jury or prejudice them against the defendant. Where questions of a scientific nature are concerned (and the question of whether or not physiological indicators of stress can be used to reliably infer deception most certainly is a scientific one), the test of probative value you need to pass is called the Daubert standard.
Prior to the Daubert standard (ironically created by a case overturning a different case that excluded polygraph testimony as unscientific), the reigning sole condition for whether or not expert scientific testimony was admissible was whether or not a given practice was accepted as scientific by the community that uses that practice. If you kind of squint and don’t think about it too hard, this old standard (the “Frye standard”) seems reasonable enough. Fingerprinting is likely thought to be scientific by forensic experts, right? But on the other hand, homeopathy is likely thought to be scientific by homeopaths, which is the community that uses homeopathy, and so on the old standard, evidence derived from the methods of homeopathy was theoretically admissible under the old standard.
The Daubert standard is more amorphous but I think significantly more scientifically meritorious than the Frye standard. It has several components, the most important of which are that scientific testimony must rely on methodology derivable from the scientific method, and that “the scientific method” is determined (non-exclusively) by such factors as falsifiability, the success of the evidence under peer review, a known error rate, acceptable standards for the control of such practices, and the acceptance of the scientific community of that methodology (formerly, this was the sole relevant criterion). So how does the polygraph hold up?
Sadly, the Supreme Court chose to duck the application of Daubert to the polygraph, declaring instead that local rules control and that the polygraph is admissible sometimes and leave it to the circuit courts to make that call, but at least five of the circuits have held that polygraph evidence is almost universally excludable, especially when the party importing it to trial is not doing so under the stipulation method discussed above. This is perfectly consistent with the known ambiguous-at-best statistical evidence for the actual reliability of the polygraph. More general objections – such as that stress does not always mean lying, especially in stressful situations like police interrogations, or that there are Constitutional questions as to whether or not a criminal defendant, or even his lawyer, or even trial judges (who are left as gatekeepers of scientific evidence by the Daubert standard), generally have the scientific literacy necessary to understand the problems with polygraph evidence or that the context in which it is being used varies its results – hardly seem necessary when the hard data itself tells us that the polygraph is unreliable.
That is why Rule 403 is the nucleus of arguments that tend to exclude polygraph evidence – because Rule 403 knows that, even if the other side has all the time in the world to explain the scientific shortcomings of polygraph evidence, the jury always stands to be confused or prejudiced against people who “fail” the “lie detector.” There’s a certain Cold War charm, an association with the gadgetry of espionage, connected to the polygraph. Television shows often depict its results as a smoking gun, with the polygraph working like a seismometer for deception. The mere transformation of “stress-detecting polygraph” into “lie detector,” bypassing miles and miles of missed inference between them, is itself evidence that culture attaches far more weight to these devices than they deserve and, as such, they tend to be more prejudicial than probative.
As to Mr. Dixon’s classes, they hardly seem worth the thousand dollars a pop that he apparently was charging his clientele (many of whom he apparently advised not just to “beat the lie detectors” but to “lie to the detectives”) since there are so many legal avenues to avoiding it entirely. If being a sociopath or a well-trained Soviet spy or a yogi isn’t your thing, you can always simply refuse to stipulate to one, or craft a clever Daubert motion to exclude it.
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News » Society
Crazy helicopter terrifies drivers in Russia
08.09.2012 | Source:
Crazy helicopter terrifies drivers in Russia. 47938.jpeg
The Russian Aviation Agency began to investigate an unusual incident that occurred recently in Russia's Ural region. An unidentified Mi-8 helicopter gave shivers to car drivers as it was flying only a few meters above the road.
The incident occurred on the evening of August 24 in the town of Kamensk-Ural, the Sverdlovsk region. A man, who was driving along a local road, filmed the trick. The chopper flew above the road at a very low altitude. The height was not more than 10-15 meters, or even less.
"I was going to overtake a vehicle at 100 km/h when I heard a strange sound behind me. To be honest, it gave me shivers. I thought that I was going to provoke a car accident with my maneuver, - driver Alexander F. told Life News. - But when I saw a helicopter flying over the roof, I was so startled I nearly flew into the ditch."
The Russian Aviation Agency evinced interest in the incident.
"We are investigating the affiliation of the helicopter, we need to find out whether it was either a military or a civilian one," a representative of the agency said. According to him, if it was a military helicopter, then it could be performing a combat task, which could include a flight at a low altitude.
However, even if the Mi-8 was a civil chopper, its owner can hardly face any punishment. "Helicopters can fly at any altitude. In this video, there are no violations. The only thing that bothers me is who owns the aircraft. If it was a military one, then this behavior is more than just acceptable. It was a training flight, and, perhaps, their route was laid through this roadway," officials said.
An official from the Federal Air Transport Agency believes that one should not dramatize the situation. "People are usually scared of helicopters even if they stand on the ground before taking off. The people who were in the car, on the contrary, they were amazed, and even, I would say, were delighted. The car was traveling straight ahead, nothing bad happened," an official said.
A similar incident has recently occurred in the Rostov region of Russia. A Su-24 bomber aircraft flew above the road at the height of only 30 meters, having horrified the drivers on the road. When the video hit the Internet, the Defense Ministry showed interest in the incident. The pilot was identified soon afterwards: he was a veteran of two Chechen campaigns and of the five-day war with Georgia. The military, however, justified the behavior of the pilot - he was performing an aerial stunt.
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Система Orphus | dclm_edu |
The topic for the bookstore was "A funny thing happened on the way to the bookstore." I for sure did not take that topic literally, because my story was not very funny. My story was about a girl who had been waiting for a long time to meet her favorite author at the book store. She was very disappointed when the visit from the author had been canceled! She, in a very upset mood, rode home. On her way home she saw somebody she thought she recognized from somewhere, but she didn't know where! It did take her a few seconds, but she finally realized that that was the author of her book! She was very surprised, but also very confused. She didn't know why he was there, or what he was doing! And for the sake of spoiling the ending, that is all I will say.
I had a lot of fun writing this piece. And even though it was required, I would have done it on my own if I had had the option. It was a shorter process then I had thought, and I will definitely be writing more after this. I hope this will not be our last writing project. Even though I wish I could have made my ending like four pages longer, I am still proud of the work that I finished. | fineweb_edu |
Congratulations to Abigale Reynolds on winning the 55″ TV for attending Moonlight Bowling.
Beginning Saturday 3/31, open bowling on Saturdays and Sundays ONLY will be $1.50 per game!
Fridays 4/13, 4/20 and 4/27 Open Bowling from 6pm to 9pm is $2.00 per game. Moonlight Bowling follows at 9:30pm. TV will be given away on 4/27!
All other days and times are $3.00 per game | fineweb_edu |
indexer command reference
indexer is the first of the two principal tools as part of Manticore. Invoked from either the command line directly, or as part of a larger script, indexer is solely responsible for gathering the data that will be searchable.
The calling syntax for indexer is as follows:
$ indexer mybigindex
$ indexer mysmallindex mybigindex
As part of the configuration file, manticore.conf, you specify one or more indexes for your data. You might call indexer to reindex one of them, ad-hoc, or you can tell it to process all indexes - you are not limited to calling just one, or all at once, you can always pick some combination of the available indexes.
• ? matches any single character
• * matches any count of any characters
• % matches none or any single character
$ indexer indexpart*main --rotate
The exit codes are as follows:
• 0, everything went ok
• 1, there was a problem while indexing (and if –rotate was specified, it was skipped)
• 2, indexing went ok, but –rotate attempt failed
The majority of the options for indexer are given in the configuration file, however there are some options you might need to specify on the command line as well, as they can affect how the indexing operation is performed. These options are:
• --config <file> (-c <file> for short) tells indexer to use the given file as its configuration. Normally, it will look for manticore.conf in the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/sphinx/etc/manticore.conf if installed into /usr/local/sphinx), followed by the current directory you are in when calling indexer from the shell. This is most of use in shared environments where the binary files are installed somewhere like /usr/local/sphinx/ but you want to provide users with the ability to make their own custom Manticore set-ups, or if you want to run multiple instances on a single server. In cases like those you could allow them to create their own manticore.conf files and pass them to indexer with this option. For example:
$ indexer --config /home/myuser/manticore.conf myindex
• --all tells indexer to update every index listed in manticore.conf, instead of listing individual indexes. This would be useful in small configurations, or cron-type or maintenance jobs where the entire index set will get rebuilt each day, or week, or whatever period is best. Example usage:
$ indexer --config /home/myuser/manticore.conf --all
• --rotate is used for rotating indexes. Unless you have the situation where you can take the search function offline without troubling users, you will almost certainly need to keep search running whilst indexing new documents. --rotate creates a second index, parallel to the first (in the same place, simply including .new in the filenames). Once complete, indexer notifies searchd via sending the SIGHUP signal, and searchd will attempt to rename the indexes (renaming the existing ones to include .old and renaming the .new to replace them), and then start serving from the newer files. Depending on the setting of seamless_rotate, there may be a slight delay in being able to search the newer indexes. In case multiple indexes are rotated at once which are chained by killlist_target relations, rotation will start with the indexes that are not targets and finish with the ones at the end of target chain. Example usage:
$ indexer --rotate --all
• --quiet tells indexer not to output anything, unless there is an error. Again, most used for cron-type, or other script jobs where the output is irrelevant or unnecessary, except in the event of some kind of error. Example usage:
$ indexer --rotate --all --quiet
• --noprogress does not display progress details as they occur; instead, the final status details (such as documents indexed, speed of indexing and so on are only reported at completion of indexing. In instances where the script is not being run on a console (or ‘tty’), this will be on by default. Example usage:
$ indexer --rotate --all --noprogress
• --buildstops <outputfile.text> <N> reviews the index source, as if it were indexing the data, and produces a list of the terms that are being indexed. In other words, it produces a list of all the searchable terms that are becoming part of the index. Note; it does not update the index in question, it simply processes the data ‘as if’ it were indexing, including running queries defined with sql_query_pre or sql_query_post. outputfile.txt will contain the list of words, one per line, sorted by frequency with most frequent first, and N specifies the maximum number of words that will be listed; if sufficiently large to encompass every word in the index, only that many words will be returned. Such a dictionary list could be used for client application features around “Did you mean…” functionality, usually in conjunction with --buildfreqs, below. Example:
$ indexer myindex --buildstops word_freq.txt 1000
This would produce a document in the current directory, word_freq.txt with the 1,000 most common words in ‘myindex’, ordered by most common first. Note that the file will pertain to the last index indexed when specified with multiple indexes or --all (i.e. the last one listed in the configuration file)
• --buildfreqs works with --buildstops (and is ignored if --buildstops is not specified). As --buildstops provides the list of words used within the index, --buildfreqs adds the quantity present in the index, which would be useful in establishing whether certain words should be considered stopwords if they are too prevalent. It will also help with developing “Did you mean…” features where you need to know how much more common a given word compared to another, similar one. Example:
$ indexer myindex --buildstops word_freq.txt 1000 --buildfreqs
$ indexer --merge main delta --rotate
In the above example, where the main is the master, rarely modified index, and delta is the less frequently modified one, you might use the above to call indexer to combine the contents of the delta into the main index and rotate the indexes.
$ indexer --merge main delta --merge-dst-range deleted 0 0
• --keep-attrs allows to reuse existing attributes on reindexing. Whenever the index is rebuilt, each new document id is checked for presence in the “old” index, and if it already exists, its attributes are transferred to the “new” index; if not found, attributes from the new index are used. If the user has updated attributes in the index, but not in the actual source used for the index, all updates will be lost when reindexing; using –keep-attrs enables saving the updated attribute values from the previous index. It is possible to specify a path for index files to used instead of reference path from config:
• --verbose [debug|debugv|debugvv] guarantees that every row that caused problems indexing (duplicate, zero, or missing document ID; or file field IO issues; etc) will be reported. By default, this option is off, and problem summaries may be reported instead. Also you can use one of the optional parameters (debug, debugv, or debugvv) and it will switch on debug output from different parts of indexing process. Thay are similar to searchd’s parameters –logdebug, –logdebugv, –logdebugvv, but cause output to stdout instead of logging.
• --sighup-each is useful when you are rebuilding many big indexes, and want each one rotated into searchd as soon as possible. With --sighup-each, indexer will send a SIGHUP signal to searchd after successfully completing the work on each index. (The default behavior is to send a single SIGHUP after all the indexes were built.)
• --nohup is useful when you want to check your index with indextool before actually rotating it. indexer won’t send SIGHUP if this option is on.
• -v show version information of your particular build of indexer. | dclm_edu |
#! /bin/sh
proj=power
db_mode=$1
host=`hostname -s`
uname=`id -un`
if [ "$db_mode" = "" ]
then
case $host in
p | xps | fs | farana)
db_mode=dev
;;
*)
echo "uasge: publish mode"
exit 1
;;
esac
fi
need_prompt=0
combo=${host}-${db_mode}
case $combo in
p-dev | xps-dev)
SITE_ROOT=/var/www/html/dev/${proj}-${uname}
;;
farana-dev)
SITE_ROOT=/var/www/power/
;;
*)
echo "can't handle ${combo}"
exit 1
;;
esac
web_files=`make web_files`
if [ $db_mode = dev ]
then
d=`pwd`
for file in $web_files
do
ln -sf ${d}/$file ${SITE_ROOT}/${file}
done
else
cp -p ${web_files} ${SITE_ROOT}/.
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
echo "error copying files"
exit 1
fi
fi
commit=`git rev-parse HEAD`
rm -f ${SITE_ROOT}/commit
echo $commit > ${SITE_ROOT}/commit
echo "published in ${SITE_ROOT}"
exit 0
| stack_edu |
Bitcoin's recent Taproot update has made it possible for the world's first cryptocurrency to host native Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), breaking Ethereum and Solana's stronghold over this burgeoning market. However, there remains skepticism about whether Bitcoin should venture further into the NFT space. Let's dive deep into understanding why some argue against utilizing Bitcoin's capabilities for NFT creation and explore other dimensions of this debate.
Firstly, let's discuss what makes Ethereum more favorable for NFTs - its consensus mechanism. Unlike Bitcoin's energy-intensive Proof-of-Work (PoW) system, Ethereum currently operates using a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) model, albeit transitioning towards Ethereum 2.0, which will fully adopt PoS. This shift enables Ethereum to consume significantly less energy compared to Bitcoin during transaction confirmation; approximately 99.95% less! Consequently, critics question the wisdom of employing resource-heavy PoW networks such as Bitcoin for NFT applications when environmentally friendlier alternatives exist.
Moreover, proponents of Ethereum claim that due to its flexibility and smart contract functionality, it fosters a conducive ecosystem for creators venturing into uncharted territories within the 'new cultural economy.' It allows them to build innovative models around royalties, licensing, and intellectual property rights management, thereby empowering artists to monetize their work effectively while maintaining control over their creations.
However, despite these advantages held by Ethereum, one cannot overlook certain aspects where Bitcoin might still hold sway. For instance, security and decentralization remain key strengths of the Bitcoin network. As we move forward, weighing these factors becomes crucial before deciding which platform serves as the ideal infrastructure for NFT projects.
Another point worth considering is the potential impact of mass adoption of NFTs on either platform. Scalability issues could arise if millions of unique tokens were to flood the Bitcoin or Ethereum networks. While solutions like layer-two scaling options may mitigate some concerns, serious questions linger regarding how resilient each network would be under extreme stress tests posed by extensive NFT activity.
Lastly, consider user experience and accessibility. Presently, creating and transacting with NFTs often requires substantial technical know-how. If NFTs aim to reach mainstream audiences, simplifying user interaction across both chains must become a priority. Ease of use could ultimately influence which platform attracts more users and developers alike.
In conclusion, while Bitcoin's Taproot upgrade opens up exciting possibilities for native NFT integration, careful deliberation is necessary before jumping headfirst into this emerging landscape. Factors including environmental footprint, adaptability, scalability, and usability all play essential roles in determining the optimal home for future NFT development. Therefore, instead of fixating solely on the technological capability, evaluating various facets of implementation holds equal importance for long-term success and sustainability in the realm of NFTs. | cosmopedia_v2 |
Laboratoire de Physique des Solides - UMR 8502
Supervisory authorities
CNRS Nom tutelle 1
Home > News
Temperature-Controlled Slip of Polymer Melts on Ideal Substrates
We recently published an article on the effect of the temperature on the slip of liquids. Here is the abstract.
The temperature dependence of the hydrodynamic boundary condition between a polydimethylsiloxane melt and two different nonattractive surfaces made of either an octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer or a grafted layer of short polydimethylsiloxane chains has been characterized. We observe a slip length proportional to the fluid viscosity. The temperature dependence is deeply influenced by the surfaces. The viscous stress exerted by the polymer liquid on the surface is observed to follow exactly the same temperature dependences as the friction stress of a cross-linked elastomer sliding on the same surfaces. Far above the glass transition temperature, these observations are rationalized in the framework of a molecular model based on activation energies: increase or decrease of the slip length with increasing temperatures can be observed depending on how the activation energy of the bulk viscosity compares to that of the interfacial Navier’s friction coefficient.
ref: DOI:https://doi-org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.177802 | dclm_edu |
Two posts in one week? That hasn't happened for a while. Turns out I have a little time this morning. Not sure why, but I'll take it.
Read some blogs this morning, and the problems of "time" and "focus" are not mine alone. Everyone has trouble with too much to do and not enough time to do it in.
Work and The Swamp have been somewhat overwhelming these last two months. I've stood paralyzed in both places wondering what project is the most important in the pile of important projects. It's not easy for the Turtle to change direction, so direction must be carefully chosen at the beginning to avoid biting heads off later.
The new work project is nearly complete (by "nearly," I mean another month should see it done). The Swamp never ends, but it does get delayed due to weather. My mind is freeing up from crisis mode to think again.
I've been thinking about writing. I intend to self-publish Elementals this summer (with Grace's help on the cover). I need a final round of edits, but I'm afraid after not looking at it for two years, I'll start making changes that shouldn't be made. Nit-picking when I should just leave the nits alone. I did that with Star of Justice, and I regret it now. I lost something in the "smoothing," and I couldn't get it back. I wish you'd all seen it one round of edits earlier. Ah, well.
With Elementals "out of the way," there should be nothing preventing me from focusing entirely on Dangling Justice. Nothing but me, anyway, but that's a post I'm saving for New Authors' Fellowship.
Happy Thursday, dear readers. Pick one thing, and do it 'til it's done. | fineweb_edu |
How Do You Call An Ambulance In Mexico?
What is the 911 equivalent in Mexico?
Mexico is finally getting a single, nationwide emergency number like most of Canada has, and the number is the same: 911.
Does US health insurance work in Mexico?
US domestic health insurance usually do not cover the insured outside the US borders. It is therefore recommended that US citizens traveling to Mexico compare Mexico travel insurance quotes and buy the best travel medical insurance for Mexico to be secure in case of a medical emergency.
Can you choose where an ambulance takes you?
If an ambulance has been called, you’ll be taken to the nearest public hospital emergency department. Most private hospitals are not staffed or equipped to handle emergencies. So even if the patient has private health insurance and requests a private hospital, the ambulance is unlikely to respond to this request.
Should I call an ambulance for chest pain?
At what point do you call an ambulance?
Anyway we would strongly advise you to immediately administer First Aid and call an ambulance if someone: Appears not to be breathing, is having chest pain, struggling for breath, or breathing in a strange way appearing to ‘suck in’ below their rib cage and using other muscles to help them to breathe.
Why is it 911 in America?
AT&T chose the number 9-1-1, which was simple, easy to remember, dialed easily, and because of the middle 1, indicating a special number (see also 4-1-1 and 6-1-1), worked well with the phone systems in place at the time (which 999 would not).
Can you Facetime 911?
What country uses 999 for emergency?
All across North America it is 911, and in Britain it’s 999. Well, Britain and Ireland. And Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Ghana, Hong Kong, Kenya, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Qatar, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Kingdom of Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, and Zimbabwe.
Can I call an ambulance without calling 911?
Triple zero (000) is the number to call for ambulance, police or fire services in an emergency. Only call triple zero (000) if the situation is serious and urgent.
How much is an ambulance ride in Mexico?
These fees usually range from US$25,000 to US$60,000 for a dedicated air-ambulance to transport you from Mexico back to the US or Canada, and more if your home country is in Europe or Asia.
How do you secretly call 911?
First, hold down the power button until you see an option for Emergency Mode. Tap it and that will bring up five options: Flashlight, Emergency, Share My Location, Phone and Internet. Below those options, there will be a button for Emergency Call. Tap the button and it will verify if you want to call 911.
How do you call 911 silently?
Here’s how it works. Call 911, wait for an answer, then use your telephone’s keypad to “talk” to the dispatcher. Press 1 if you need police, 2 for fire and 3 for an ambulance. If the dispatcher asks you questions, 4 means “yes” and 5 means “no.”
How much is a hospital visit in Mexico?
Average cost of an emergency room visit In general, health care costs vary widely depending on the doctor, hospital or the magnitude of the situation. However, you can expect to pay a basic sum of between 350-500 pesos for a visit to the doctor. (That’s about US$18-25).
How many ambulances are in Mexico City?
The population of Mexico City is roughly 9 million, but the government operates fewer than 45 public ambulances to serve the citizenry, and so the Ochoas — along with many others — have come up with a way to help fill the gap.
Can 911 be texted?
Where can I see the midnight family?
Watch Midnight Family | Prime Video.
What happens if you call 999 in America?
999 is a valid prefix in the North American Numbering Plan, and there can be a valid local (seven digit) number that begins with 999. … The universal emergency services number in North America is 911. All prefixes that end with a double 1 (211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811, 911) are reserved as “service codes”.
Is 911 funded by police?
The quickest way to receive assistance from public safety officials is by dialing 911. According to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), federal, state and local governments manage, fund and operate 7,050 public-safety answering points (PSAPs) throughout the country.
How much does it cost to see a doctor in Mexico?
Mexican Healthcare Is Excellent and AffordableTreatment TypePrice U.S. $Routine Doctor Visit$12 to $15Routine Dental Exam$25 to $50Specialist Exam$40 to $50Complete Blood Work$50 to $808 more rows | dclm_edu |
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