<SYSTEM_TASK:>
Given the following text description, write Python code to implement the functionality described below step by step
<END_TASK>
<USER_TASK:>
Description:
 Running Code
First and foremost, the Jupyter Notebook is an interactive environment for writing and running code. The notebook is capable of running code in a wide range of languages. However, each notebook is associated with a single kernel.  This notebook is associated with the IPython kernel, therefor runs Python code.
Code cells allow you to enter and run code
Run a code cell using Shift-Enter or pressing the <button class='btn btn-default btn-xs'><i class="icon-step-forward fa fa-step-forward"></i></button> button in the toolbar above
Step1:  There are two other keyboard shortcuts for running code
Step2:  If the Kernel dies you will be prompted to restart it. Here we call the low-level system libc.time routine with the wrong argument via
ctypes to segfault the Python interpreter
Step3:  Cell menu
The "Cell" menu has a number of menu items for running code in different ways. These includes
Step4:  Output is asynchronous
All output is displayed asynchronously as it is generated in the Kernel. If you execute the next cell, you will see the output one piece at a time, not all at the end.
Step5:  Large outputs
To better handle large outputs, the output area can be collapsed. Run the following cell and then single- or double- click on the active area to the left of the output
Step6:  Beyond a certain point, output will scroll automatically
<ASSISTANT_TASK:>
Python Code:
a = 10
print(a)
Explanation: Running Code
First and foremost, the Jupyter Notebook is an interactive environment for writing and running code. The notebook is capable of running code in a wide range of languages. However, each notebook is associated with a single kernel.  This notebook is associated with the IPython kernel, therefor runs Python code.
Code cells allow you to enter and run code
Run a code cell using Shift-Enter or pressing the <button class='btn btn-default btn-xs'><i class="icon-step-forward fa fa-step-forward"></i></button> button in the toolbar above:
End of explanation
import time
time.sleep(10)
Explanation: There are two other keyboard shortcuts for running code:
Alt-Enter runs the current cell and inserts a new one below.
Ctrl-Enter run the current cell and enters command mode.
Managing the Kernel
Code is run in a separate process called the Kernel.  The Kernel can be interrupted or restarted.  Try running the following cell and then hit the <button class='btn btn-default btn-xs'><i class='icon-stop fa fa-stop'></i></button> button in the toolbar above.
End of explanation
import sys
from ctypes import CDLL
# This will crash a Linux or Mac system
# equivalent calls can be made on Windows
# Uncomment these lines if you would like to see the segfault
# dll = 'dylib' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'so.6'
# libc = CDLL("libc.%s" % dll) 
# libc.time(-1)  # BOOM!!
Explanation: If the Kernel dies you will be prompted to restart it. Here we call the low-level system libc.time routine with the wrong argument via
ctypes to segfault the Python interpreter:
End of explanation
print("hi, stdout")
from __future__ import print_function
print('hi, stderr', file=sys.stderr)
Explanation: Cell menu
The "Cell" menu has a number of menu items for running code in different ways. These includes:
Run and Select Below
Run and Insert Below
Run All
Run All Above
Run All Below
Restarting the kernels
The kernel maintains the state of a notebook's computations. You can reset this state by restarting the kernel. This is done by clicking on the <button class='btn btn-default btn-xs'><i class='fa fa-repeat icon-repeat'></i></button> in the toolbar above.
sys.stdout and sys.stderr
The stdout and stderr streams are displayed as text in the output area.
End of explanation
import time, sys
for i in range(8):
    print(i)
    time.sleep(0.5)
Explanation: Output is asynchronous
All output is displayed asynchronously as it is generated in the Kernel. If you execute the next cell, you will see the output one piece at a time, not all at the end.
End of explanation
for i in range(50):
    print(i)
Explanation: Large outputs
To better handle large outputs, the output area can be collapsed. Run the following cell and then single- or double- click on the active area to the left of the output:
End of explanation
for i in range(50):
    print(2**i - 1)
Explanation: Beyond a certain point, output will scroll automatically:
End of explanation
<END_TASK>