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How many patients were comatose? | Nine patients with cerebellar hemorrhage were examined initially with computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. CT appearance in combination with clinical state determined therapy. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, ataxia and vomiting, usually with alterations in the level of consciousness. Three patients were comatose. In five patients surgical evacuation of the hematoma was done and one of these died. Two who were moribund at presentation were not operated on and succumbed. The remaining two did not require operation and recovered. Early investigation with CT scanning considerably aided decisions as to the appropriate method of treatment. |
What is the study of non-DNA sequence-related heredity? | Epigenetics, the study of non-DNA sequence-related heredity, is at the epicenter of modern medicine because it can help to explain the relationship between an individual's genetic background, the environment, aging, and disease. It can do so because the epigenetic state varies among tissues and during a lifetime, whereas the DNA sequence remains essentially the same. As cells adapt to a changing internal and external environment, epigenetic mechanisms can remember these changes in the normal programming and reprogramming of gene activity. The common disease genetic and epigenetic (CDGE) model provides an epidemiologic framework that can incorporate epigenetic with genetic variation in the context of age-related susceptibility to disease. Under CDGE, the epigenetic program can modify the effects of deleterious genes or may be influenced by an adverse environment. Thus, including epigenetics into epidemiologic studies of human disease may help explain the relationship between the genome and the environment and may provide new clues to modifying these effects in disease prevention and therapy. |
How many preterm children were recruited in a cross-sectional study? | BACKGROUND: Serious difficulties in formal mathematical skills have been identified in preterm children. By contrast, basic-level numerical skills like magnitude judgments have not yet been tested in these children. AIMS: The aim of the present research was to investigate whether preterm birth also affects these basic numerical abilities, with particular attention to the transition from preschool to formal education. METHOD: One hundred-forty very preterm children and 60 age-matched controls were recruited in a cross-sectional study at 6 and 8years of age. Magnitude comparison tasks with non-symbolic dot displays or symbolic Arabic-number stimuli, measuring accuracy and reaction time, were administered to participants. We also investigated explicit number knowledge, as well as general cognitive developmental levels, to gain a broader picture of preterm abilities. RESULTS: Despite no general cognitive delay, the more simple approximate non-symbolic representation of numerical magnitude was affected by preterm birth, with slower reaction times at both ages compared to controls. Additionally, clear difficulties in the construction of the symbolic representation of numerical magnitude and in explicit number knowledge emerged in the 6-year-old preterm children, with a recovery from this serious delay finally by 8years. CONCLUSIONS: The serious delays identified here in basic numerical abilities in preterm children, despite normal IQ, point to the need for further studies in order to elucidate the relationship between basic numerical abilities and subsequent difficulties in formal mathematic achievement at school. |
What is the spectrum of causes and mode of presentation? | Pay attention to back pain reported by children. Half will have a specific or serious cause, the presenting symptoms of serious conditions may be misleadingly mild, and the spectrum of causes and mode of presentation differ from adults. Warning features include onset aged < 4 yr, symptoms persisting beyond 4 weeks, interference with function, systemic features, worsening pain, neurological features and recent onset of scoliosis. Scintigraphy is often useful where clinical features and plain radiographs fail to identify the diagnosis. Sports activities may cause stress reactions in the immature spine, particularly at the junction between spinal segments of differing mobility, the vascularity of the disc and vertebra predisposes to infection, spinal tumours presenting as pain tend to be primary and benign, congenital spinal anomalies causing pain tend to present in childhood, spondylitis presents differently from adults, and conversion hysteria, typically presenting with gross, bizarre and disabling symptoms, is not uncommon in adolescent girls. |
What is the name of the newmarkter Str. | Neumarkter Str. |
What drugs do you take to effect bone metabolism? | 4. currently taking anticonvulsants, barbituates, antihypertensives, steroids of any form, or drugs that effect bone metabolism |
What is the predictive role of diagnostic information in treatment efficacy of rheuma | [Predictive role of diagnostic information in treatment efficacy of rheumatoid arthritis based on neural network model analysis]. |
What is the serpin protease nexin I synthesized by? | Plasminogen activators and inhibitors in the neuromuscular system: III. The serpin protease nexin I is synthesized by muscle and localized at neuromuscular synapses. |
What is the medicine of bone? | [Nuclear medicine of bone]. |
What is the effect of SCS? | BACKGROUND: Orthostatic tremor with its sense of unsteadiness when standing may have a devastating effect on affected persons. Currently, there are no other treatment options in those who do not respond or who do not tolerate medical treatment. OBJECTIVES: To report on a pilot study on spinal cord stimulation in medically intractable orthostatic tremor. METHODS: Chronic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was performed in two patients with medically-intractable orthostatic tremor via quadripolar plate electrodes implanted at the lower thoracic spine. The electrodes were connected to implantable pulse generators. RESULTS: Subjective and objective improvement of unsteadiness was achieved within a frequency range of 50 to 150 Hz, and occurred in the presence of stimulation-induced paraesthesia. With optimized stimulation settings polygraphic electromyelogram (EMG) recordings continued to show the typical 14-16 Hz EMG activity. The beneficial effect of SCS was maintained at long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study indicate that SCS may be an option in patients with otherwise intractable orthostatic tremor. |
What is the name of the form of EBMT? | To collect these forms of EBMT, patients have previously authorized through the informed consent of this information collection. |
Diabetics of type 2 >/= 18 yrs of age Diabetic | - Type 2 Diabetics >/= 18 yrs of age Diabetic for >/= 6months |
What surgery is planned to take place within the next 12 months? | - Planned major surgery within the next 12 months with the need to discontinue antiplatelet therapy |
What is the treatment of behavioral disorders in demented patients? | [Citalopram in treatment of behavioral disorders in demented patients]. |
What was the name of the drug that induced cytotoxicity in human leiomyo | BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work was to engineer polymeric nanoparticles to encapsulate and deliver 2-methoxyestradiol, a potential antitumor drug for treatment of uterine leiomyoma (fibroids), the most common hormone-dependent pathology affecting women of reproductive age. METHODS/RESULTS: Encapsulation efficiency and drug release from the nanoparticles were monitored by HPLC. Cell morphology and in vitro cytotoxicity experiments were carried out in a human leiomyoma cell line. The nanoparticles displayed high encapsulation efficiency (>86%), which was verified by differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Excellent long-term stability of the nanoparticles and gradual drug release without burst were also observed. Cellular uptake of fluorescent nanoparticles was confirmed by confocal imaging. The drug-loaded poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity in human leiomyoma cells to a significantly greater extent than the free drug at 0.35 microM. CONCLUSION: This novel approach represents a potential fertility-preserving alternative to hysterectomy. |
What was the mean duration of the operation? | OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical feasibility, safety and effect of the ureteroscope-assisted "Mini-Perc" technique with a 16-Fr Peel-Away sheath for insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 47 consecutive ESRD patients underwent ureteroscope-assisted placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters via a 16-Fr Peel-Away sheath. Informed consent form was signed by patients under principle of voluntary. RESULTS: The mean duration of the operation was 40 min (range, 21-75 min). Seven patients (14.9 %) experienced mechanical complications: catheter tip migration in 1 patient (2.1 %), slightly bloody ascites in 4 patients (8.5 %) and catheter-related peritonitis in 2 patients (4.3 %). Two catheters (4.3 %) were removed after renal transplantation. One patient (2.1 %) died from heart failure. One catheter (2.1 %) was explanted because of malfunction. After a mean follow-up time of 15 months (range, 2-36 months), 42 catheters are still functioning properly. CONCLUSIONS: The ureteroscope-assisted "Mini-Perc" technique with a 16-Fr Peel-Away sheath is a simple, safe and effective method for placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters in ESRD patients. |
What is the SUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS PRES | SCIENTIFIC CONCLUSIONS AND GROUNDS FOR AMENDMENT OF THE SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS PRESENTED BY THE EMEA |
- Pediatric patients with uncontrolled hematological malignancies with uncontrolled he | - Pediatric patients with uncontrolled hematological malignancies |
What is the effect of conflict adaptation in depressive disorder? | Cognitive control adjustments and conflict adaptation in major depressive disorder. |
What is the Hypnotic State Assessment Questionnaire? | Assessment of response to clinical hypnosis: development of the Hypnotic State Assessment Questionnaire. |
- patient who was not treated prior to surgical or interventional treatment? | - patient not received surgical or interventional treatment before |
What is the name of the survey that aimed to assess the attitudes of GPs in | OBJECTIVES: Increasing the rate of smoking cessation remains a major public health goal. To help achieve this in the UK, National Health Service (NHS) smoking cessation services have been established to provide treatment for smokers wanting help with stopping. Referrals from general practitioners (GPs) are crucial to the success of these clinics. This study aimed to assess English GPs' self-reported interactions with, and attitudes towards, their local smoking cessation services. STUDY DESIGN: Postal survey assessing the attitudes of GPs in England towards, and formal interactions with, NHS smoking cessation services. METHODS: A questionnaire was posted to a random sample of 544 GPs in England (response rate 63%). GPs' self-reported interactions with smoking cessation services and their attitudes towards these clinics were assessed. GPs were also asked what factors determined whether they prescribed nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) and Buproprion (Zyban), and what was the extent and nature of their smoking cessation interventions with their patients. RESULTS: Most GPs (94%) reported that they were aware of the specialist smoking cessation service in their area. Seventy percent of GPs supported the continuation of current funding for specialist smoking cessation services. Seventy percent reported that they referred patients to these services, and 55% had staff within their practices trained as community smoking cessation advisors. Most GPs (79%) reported 'clinical need' as a determinant of whether they prescribed NRT/Zyban, and a few GPs cited 'budgetary constraints' as a factor (15%). Ninety-eight percent of GPs reported that they record smoking status when new patients join their practice, and they advise smokers to stop 'at least every now and then'. CONCLUSIONS: GPs support the existence and continuation of specialist smoking cessation services, and most reported that they refer patients to them. Virtually every GP reported that they record smoking status when new patients join their practice, and they advise smokers to stop 'at least every now and then'. |
What was Medicare part B claim for chiropractic spinal manipulation? | Medicare part B claims for chiropractic spinal manipulation, 1998 to 2004. |
What is a common cause of hygroma? | Subdural hygroma is a frequent delayed complication of head trauma. Most hygromas are clinically 'silent' and a few cases have shown slow deterioration in the chronic stage. We report a case of subdural hygroma showing unique radiological findings and rapid deterioration. A 74-years-old female presented with a mild headache and consciousness disturbance after head injury. Computed tomography showed a midline shift as a result of two components piling up in the subdural space; the outer components showed low density, the inner components high density. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that these two subdural components were subdural hygroma and subarachnoid hematoma. Simple burr hole irrigation, rather than large craniotomy, was thought to be more appropriate treatment to reduce the mass effect. Simple burr hole irrigation was performed to remove the subdural hygroma and the patient showed an excellent recovery. Careful examination of the radiological findings prevented an unnecessary procedure in this case. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed. |
What is the result of the NHLBI Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation? | Impaired coronary vascular reactivity and functional capacity in women: results from the NHLBI Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study. |
What is the sexually active male and female of childbearing potential? | - Sexually active males and females (of childbearing potential) unwilling to practice contraception during the study. |
What was the value of dual tasking in predicting falling in the general population of oldest old | OBJECTIVES: To compare the value of dual tasking in predicting falling in the general population of oldest old with that of easy-to-administer single tasks. DESIGN: Prospective population-based follow-up study. SETTING: Municipality of Leiden, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Representative cohort of 380 individuals, all aged 85 at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: During enrollment, walking time over a 12-meter distance was measured, as well as the verbal fluency to recite names of animals or professions during a 30-second period. In the dual task, performance was assessed when participants combined walking with reciting names. Incidence of falls and fractures was assessed by interviewing participants and checking their medical histories. RESULTS: After 1 year of follow-up, 42% of the participants reported one or more falls, and 4% suffered a fracture. Total walking time, number of steps, and verbal fluency were all strongly related to incident falls (P for trend for all <.01), but dual-task performance was not a better predictor for incident falls than single-task performance. CONCLUSION: The dual-task test in this study had no predictive value above that of a single-task test to predict falling. Dual tasks with more-sensitive measures of impaired dual-task execution might have better test characteristics. In this study, history of falls and performance on an easy-to-administer single walking task identified old persons at higher risk for falling who could benefit from fall preventive strategies. |
What is the current status of cancer vaccination discussed? | Immunotherapy has become a standard approach for cancer management, through the use of cytokines (eg: interleukin-2) and monoclonal antibodies. Cancer vaccines hold promise as another form of immunotherapy, and there has been substantial progress in identifying shared antigens recognized by T cells, in developing vaccine approaches that induce antigen-specific T cell responses in cancer patients, and in developing new technology for monitoring immune responses in various human tissue compartments. Dramatic clinical regressions of human solid tumors have occurred with some cancer vaccines, but the rate of those responses remains low. This article is part of a 2-part point:counterpoint series on peptide vaccines and adoptive therapy approaches for cancer. The current status of cancer vaccination, and associated challenges, are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need to increase our knowledge of cancer immunobiology, as well as to improve monitoring of cellular immune function after vaccination. Progress in both areas will facilitate development of effective cancer vaccines, as well as of adoptive therapy. Effective cancer vaccines promise to be useful for treatment and prevention of cancer at low cost and with low morbidity. |
What is the octopus of the injection site? | Injection site necrosis * ° & Λ |
What is the validity of QOLIE-10 in measuring health-related quality of life? | Reliability and validity of QOLIE-10 in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese epilepsy patients. |
What is the primary outcome measure? | The primary outcome measure is the proportion of participants with microbiological cure (by KOH and culture) by 6 months post-baseline treatment. The null and research hypotheses supporting the primary objective of investigating the impact of whether laser treatment, using the FOX Nd:YAG 1064 nm device, is more effective in the treatment onychomycosis in comparison to conventional therapy (topical terbinafine) is then: |
What is the prognostic significance of hyperdiploidy? | Cytogenetic classification in Korean multiple myeloma patients: prognostic significance of hyperdiploidy with 47-50 chromosomes and the number of structural abnormalities. |
What is the role of RIHP and renal tubular sodium transporters in volume retention of | Role of RIHP and renal tubular sodium transporters in volume retention of pregnant rats. |
What mutation did T790M harbor? | 4. Failed to the treatment of EGFR-TKI and harbored T790M mutation. |
What is the venous circulation divided into two sectors? | The division of the venous circulation in to two sectors, one constituted by the superficial and deep venous trunks (macrocirculation) and the other by the capillaries and precapillary venules (microcirculation), is surely schematical but aids the comprehension of many hemodynamic effects connected to hampered venous return and to the incompetence of the valvular devices. In fact many of the effects of stasis and venous hypertension (oedema, red cell diapedesis, skin dystrophies) cannot be explained merely by hydraulic mechanisms but require a primary alteration of the microvascular wall associated with structural changes of the perivascular connective tissue. The alterations that occur in microcirculation are of the utmost importance in the formation of the venules ulcerations. The passage of fibrinogen through large pores in the venules of the patients affected by venous hypertension derived from venous insufficiency creates a pericapillary fibrin deposition that cannot be removed because of inadequate blood and tissue fibrinolysis. This accumulation acts as a barrier to the diffusion of oxygen and other nutrients, determining a stasis dermatitis that may lead to tissue necrosis and ulceration. The more precise knowledge of the phenomena connected with the venous stasis at the level of microcirculation (pericapillary fibrin deposition, endothelial ischemia, blocked lymphatic drainage) will not only allow a deeper comprehension of the clinical signs but hopefully will lead to a more effective treatment of the postphlebitic syndrome. |
What is the aim of this study? | OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to briefly describe the current state of early awareness and alert (EAA) activities and systems in four Latin-American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico). METHODS: Key informants were selected and completed an open questionnaire that included the following domains: current state of EAA activities and systems in each country, potential role for EAA systems in the health system, and future EAA projects that are currently being considered. RESULTS: In all four countries, health technology assessment (HTA) processes are used to prioritize the use of health resources, albeit at varying degrees and with different mechanisms and methodologies. EAA activities are still limited and there are virtually no institutions or units with specific functions explicitly devoted to EAA activity. However, most countries have developed some initial forms of EAA systems. Being in its initial stages there is no clear differentiation between these early awareness activities and other HTA functions, and no specific methodologies or processes are used to anticipate the emergence of new technologies. Consequently, early evaluation of technologies generally occurs in a reactive manner, after they have been introduced in the market and under the pressure of different stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS: There is growing awareness that the early identification and assessment of emerging technologies should be an integral part of HTA and the decision-making process. Many initiatives are currently focusing on building partnerships between the various regulatory bodies involved in the incorporation of technologies at national levels. It is reasonable to foresee that EAA activities will continue to develop and expand in the region. |
What percentage of children with Child-Pugh score in liver cirrhosis? | - Advanced liver cirrhosis patients with Child-Pugh score 8 to 10 |
What is the name of the study of two patients? | Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis: a report of two patients and review of the literature. |
What is the name of the study that aims to assess the safety and tolerability of | The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and tolerability of foretinib (also known as GSK1363089) when used in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). |
How many patients were enrolled in the trial? | BACKGROUND: Rifapentine has a long half-life in serum, which suggests a possible treatment once a week for tuberculosis. We aimed to compare rifapentine and isoniazid once a week with rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week. METHODS: We did a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial in the USA and Canada of HIV-negative people with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis who had completed 2 months of a 6-month treatment regimen. We randomly allocated patients directly observed treatment with either 600 mg rifapentine plus 900 mg isoniazid once a week or 600 mg rifampicin plus 900 mg isoniazid twice a week. Primary outcome was failure/relapse. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: 1004 patients were enrolled (502 per treatment group). 928 successfully completed treatment, and 803 completed the 2-year 4-month study. Crude rates of failure/relapse were 46/502 (9.2%) in those on rifapentine once a week, and 28/502 (5.6%) in those given rifampicin twice a week (relative risk 1.64, 95% CI 1.04-2.58, p=0.04). By proportional hazards regression, five characteristics were independently associated with increased risk of failure/relapse: sputum culture positive at 2 months (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% CI 1.7-4.6); cavitation on chest radiography (3.0, 1.6-5.9); being underweight (3.0, 1.8-4.9); bilateral pulmonary involvement (1.8, 1.0-3.1); and being a non-Hispanic white person (1.8, 1.1-3.0). Adjustment for imbalances in 2-month culture and cavitation diminished the association of treatment group with outcome (1.34; 0.83-2.18; p=0.23). Of participants without cavitation, rates of failure/relapse were 6/210 (2.9%) in the once a week group and 6/241 (2.5%) in the twice a week group (relative risk 1.15; 95% CI 0.38-3.50; p=0.81). Rates of adverse events and death were similar in the two treatment groups. INTERPRETATION: Rifapentine once a week is safe and effective for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative people without cavitation on chest radiography. Clinical, radiographic, and microbiological data help to identify patients with tuberculosis who are at increased risk of failure or relapse when treated with either regimen. |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What was the difference between the two study periods? | OBJECTIVE: To compare 30-day mortality in patients receiving different types of medication from 1992 to 1997, when no consensual treatment for acute myocardial infarction was available, versus 30-day mortality in patients being treated between 2000 and 2002 after standardization of that treatment was obtained in our service. METHODS: In the first and second study periods, 172 and 143 patients, respectively, admitted with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were retrospectively assessed. Their diagnoses were confirmed, and the following statistical tests were performed: the chi-square test for comparing proportions and the Student t test and the Mann-Whitney test for comparing the means or medians. RESULTS: The analysis showed no difference in regard to white men with a mean age of 61 years in the 2 study periods. In regard to the traditional risk factors, a difference was observed only in the incidence of dyslipidemia (17 and 29%). In regard to the therapeutic strategy adopted, the following was observed: 1) a significant increase in the use of thrombolytic agents (39 and 61.5%), acetylsalicylic acid (70.9 and 96.5%), beta-blockers (34.8 and 67.8%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (45.9 and 74.8%), and nitrates (61 and 85.3%); and 2) a significant reduction in the use of calcium channel blockers (16.8 and 5.3%), antiarrhythmics (29.1 and 9.7%), and diuretics (50.6 and 26.6%). The use of inotropic agents did not differ between the study periods (29.6 and 32.1%). The 30-day mortality showed a statistically significant reduction from 22.7 to 10.5%. CONCLUSION: The implementation of standard protocols for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction was accompanied by a significant reduction in the 30-day mortality rate. |
What is the effect of a novel regimen? | Antibiotic prophylaxis of respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patients. A prospective, blinded, randomized trial of the effect of a novel regimen. |
What is the methodology used to assess health/medical informatics graduate-level education cur | This paper describes a methodology to assess health/medical informatics graduate-level education curricula. The authors used the Certified Professional in Healthcare Information Management Systems (CPHIMS) exam objectives published by the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) as the basis for their assessment. The authors compared the 69 CPHIMS exam objectives against four health/medical informatics program course objectives as stated in the selected program's online graduate catalog. Results showed that the two programs with management as a focus addressed the majority (67 and 59%) of the CPHIMS objectives within core and elective courses combined. Overall, the other two programs addressed closer to a third of the CPHIMS objectives (36 and 32%). This methodology could prove to be useful in assisting students interested in graduate-level training programs with a tool by which to measure the congruence of the curricula of different programs with the mission of the programs and with their own professional interests. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the case report and review of different treatment modalities? | Suspected brown recluse envenomation: a case report and review of different treatment modalities. |
Has at least one new, identifiable,measurable and active lesion on MRI? | - Has at least one new, identifiable, measurable and active lesion on MRI (Gd+) meeting the criteria of the imaging charter. |
What is the name of the clock in human red blood cells? | Circadian clocks in human red blood cells. |
What is the difference between sensitivity and specificity associated with CBE added to mammography | BACKGROUND: There is controversy about the value of clinical breast examination (CBE) in breast cancer screening programs that include mammography. METHODS: In Fukui Prefecture, a screening combining mammography with CBE was employed on 62,447 women from 2004 to 2009. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of mammography alone, and mammography and CBE together for each age group (40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79). RESULTS: 167 breast cancers and 49 false-negative cancers were detected during 5 years. For the combined screening, the sensitivities were 73.1, 74.1, 78.3, and 86.5 %, and the specificities were 83.8, 87.5, 89.8, and 90.9 % in the groups of 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 years, respectively. In the mammography-specific analysis, sensitivity decreased to 69.8 % (-3.3 %), 66.7 % (-7.7 %), 77.3 % (-1.0 %), and 83.8 % (-2.7 %) in the groups of 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 years, respectively. There were greater reductions in the groups of 40-49 and 50-59 years than in those of 60-69 and 70-79 years, but there was no statistically significant decrease. Specificity generally increased with increasing age and there was a significant improvement in specificity among all age groups, except that of 70-79 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there is a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity associated with CBE added to mammography. This tendency is greater in those 40-50 years of age than in those 60-70 years of age. We consider that CBE may be omitted from breast cancer screening among women aged 60 and 70 years. Furthermore, another modality to complement mammography screening in younger Japanese women is expected. |
What is the name of the study follow-up visit? | Follow-up Visits The times, number and content of follow-up visits for study subjects will not differ from the standard post-operative visits scheduled for all patients who have undergone HTO. However, because RSA imaging is specialized, this will be done at LHSC University Campus rather than at the Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic (FKSMC). This will be communicated to patients in the letter of information. Study follow-up visits are at 2, 6,12 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. |
What is the new drug combination observed in 36 patients with bowel cancer? | Second the new drug combination is observed in 36 patients with bowel cancer for its efficacy and tolerability. patients who give consent will have their archival tumour samples tested for RAS and c-MET status. |
What is the name of the smoking | 1. Smoking |
How many days did the day end? | • 14.09.99 • 10.01.01 • 184 days • 301 days |
Rate and Extend of Absorption | Rate and Extend of Absorption |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What is the role of inflammatory cells in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome? | Polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils) play an important role in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the development of sepsis. These cells are essential for the defense against microorganisms, but may also cause tissue damage. Therefore, neutrophil numbers and activity are considered to be tightly regulated. Previous studies have investigated gene transcription during experimental endotoxemia in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, the gene transcription response of the circulating pool of neutrophils to systemic inflammatory stimulation in vivo is currently unclear. We examined neutrophil gene transcription kinetics in healthy human subjects (n = 4) administered a single dose of endotoxin (LPS, 2 ng/kg iv). In addition, freshly isolated neutrophils were stimulated ex vivo with LPS, TNFalpha, G-CSF and GM-CSF to identify stimulus-specific gene transcription responses. Whole transcriptome microarray analysis of circulating neutrophils at 2, 4 and 6 hours after LPS infusion revealed activation of inflammatory networks which are involved in signaling of TNFalpha and IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. The transcriptome profile of inflammatory activated neutrophils in vivo reflects extended survival and regulation of inflammatory responses. These changes in neutrophil transcriptome suggest a combination of early activation of circulating neutrophils by TNFalpha and G-CSF and a mobilization of young neutrophils from the bone marrow. |
How old is Patient? | - Patient is 45-79 years old |
How many infants were treated with inhaled nitric oxide? | OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of a group of term newborn infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide for severe persistent pulmonary hypertension. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective longitudinal medical and neurodevelopmental follow-up of 51 infants treated as neonates for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn with inhaled nitric oxide. The original number of treated infants was 87, of whom 25 died in the neonatal period; of 62 infants who survived, 51 were seen at 1 year of age and 33 completed a 2-year evaluation. Statistical analysis used population medians, means, and standard deviations for parameters assessed. Paired t tests and chi-square analysis were used to compare outcomes measured at 1 year with assessment at 2 years for the 32 infants seen at both 1- and 2-year visits. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up median growth percentiles were 20%, 72.5%, and 50% for weight, length, and occipitofrontal circumference, respectively. Thirteen of 51 infants (25.5%) were < 5th percentile in weight. Nine of 51 infants (17.6%) had feeding problems (need for gastrostomy feeding or gastroesophageal reflux), and 14 (27.5%) had a clinical diagnosis of reactive airways disease. Infant development as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development was 104 +/- 16 for the mental development index and 97 +/- 20 for the psychomotor index. Six of 51 infants (11.8%) were found to have severe neurologic handicaps, defined as a Bayley score on either the mental development or psychomotor index of < 68, abnormal findings on neurologic examination, or both. Fewer children (6.1% vs 15.7%) required supplemental oxygen at 2 years compared with 1 year, and performance on the psychomotor index of the Bayley Scales improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: One- and 2-year follow-up of a cohort of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn who were treated with inhaled nitric oxide had an 11.8% (1 year) and 12.1% (2-year) rate of severe neurodevelopmental disability. There are ongoing medical problems in these infants including reactive airways disease and slow growth that merit continued close longitudinal follow-up. |
What is the name of the trial that is a placebo controlled trial? | 1. Agreement to participate in the 18-month double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of curcumin. |
What can be expanded ex vivo to increase systemic and mucosal immunity in | HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals receiving HAART can be expanded ex vivo to augment systemic and mucosal immunity in vivo. |
What is a basidiomycetous fungal pathogen? | Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetous fungal pathogen, infects hosts through inhalation and can cause fatal meningoencephalitis in individuals if untreated. This fungus undergoes a dimorphic transition from yeast to filamentous growth during mating and monokaryotic fruiting, which leads to the production of hyphae and airborne infectious basidiospores. Here we characterized a novel morphological feature associated with the filamentous stages of the life cycle of C. neoformans which resembles resting or survival structures known as chlamydospores in other fungi. The C. neoformans chlamydospore-like structure is rich in glycogen, suggesting that it might have a role as an energy store. However, characterization of mutants with decreased or increased levels of glycogen production showed that glycogen levels have little effect on filamentous growth, sporulation, or chlamydospore formation. These results suggest that the formation of chlamydospores is independent of glycogen accumulation level. We also show that chlamydospore formation does not require successful sporulation and that the presence of chlamydospores is not sufficient for sporulation. Although the biological functions of chlamydospores remain to be established for this pathogenic fungus, their formation appears to be an integral part of the filamentation process, suggesting that they could be necessary to support sexual sporulation under adverse conditions and thereby facilitate the production of infectious basidiospores or long-term survival propagules in harsh environments. |
What is the name of the method used by women of child bearing capacity? | - Women of child bearing capacity who agree to use an acceptable form of birth control during the trial [i.e., oral contraception, reliable use of a double-barrier method (e.g., condom and diaphragm, condom and foam, condom and sponge), IUD or tubal ligation] |
What was the impact of the intervention on children's intake? | OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine whether a multi-component school-based intervention can maintain children's fruit and vegetable intake post eligibility for free school fruit and vegetables. DESIGN: A random sample of fifty-four English primary schools was randomised to receive the 10-month intervention Project Tomato, a multi-component theory-based intervention, or the control. Each group consisted of twenty-seven schools. SETTING: Children's intake of fruit and vegetables is below recommendations. The English School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme has a short-term impact on intake while children are eligible for the scheme. SUBJECTS: Dietary measurements were collected from 658 Year 2 pupils aged 7-8 years at baseline and at follow-up 20 months later. RESULTS: Following an intention to treat analysis, the intervention as delivered compared with the control had no impact on the intake of fruit and vegetables (2 g/d, 95 % CI -23, 26 g/d) or on the number of portions of fruit (0.0 portions, 95 % CI - 0.3, 0.3) or vegetables (0.0 portions, 95 % CI - 0.2, 0.3) consumed daily by children. Intake of fruit and vegetables at school and home dropped by approximately 100 g/d and 50 g/d, respectively, between baseline and follow-up in both the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the intervention was low, with associated lack of impact on fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Alternatives to the delivery of an intervention by teachers and parents are needed to improve the dietary intake of primary-school children. |
What is the purpose of this article? | In clinical trials, blinding is usually employed to prevent bias that may be introduced due to the knowledge of the identity of the treatment codes. This bias could alter the conclusion of statistical inference on the treatment effect. The purpose of this article is to propose a method for analysing clinical data with breached blindness. The example regarding the study of the effectiveness of an appetite suppressant in weight loss in obese woman as described in Brownell and Stunkard (Am. J. Psychiatry 1982; 139:1487-1489) is used to illustrate the application of the proposed methods. |
What is the primary cause of positron emission tomography? | Preoperative identification of benign versus malignant parotid masses: a comparative study including positron emission tomography. |
What is the protocol specified method of contraception? | - Males and females of childbearing potential who engage in heterosexual intercourse must agree to use protocol specified method(s) of contraception |
What is the result of a prediction in mechanically ventilated neurologic patients? | Outcome prediction in mechanically ventilated neurologic patients by junior neurointensivists. |
What is the name of the PACKAGE LEAFLET? | 87 PACKAGE LEAFLET: |
What method is used to thaw the ovarian stripes? | 3. Optional: Cryopreserve the ovarian stripes by a vitrification method. Two days before the day of reimplantation, thaw the ovarian stripes. |
What is the description of study activities? | The description of study activities is below: |
What are self-report measures? | Self-Report Measures: |
What is the name of the female's attitudes toward condom purchase and use? | Adolescents and AIDS. Female's attitudes and behaviors toward condom purchase and use. |
English speaking and capable to read/write in English | - English speaking and able to read/write in English |
- Presence of pacemaker/defibrillator - Presence of | - Presence of pacemaker/defibrillator |
What is the treatment for locally advanced disease? | 2. Cetuximab or other EGFR targeting agent treatment (except if given as part of a multimodal treatment for locally advanced disease which was completed more than 6 months prior to screening). |
What was the LTQ/Orbitrap capable of providing high mass accuracy for over 24 | Performance evaluation of accurate mass measurement by the LTQ/Orbitrap, at a resolving power of 60,000 and in external calibration mode, indicated that the Orbitrap is capable of providing high mass accuracy of <2 ppm for over 24 h post-calibration. This, together with limited trade-off between sensitivity and resolving power plus a wide dynamic range for mass accuracy, suggested that the LTQ/Orbitrap is an ideal analytical tool for structural elucidation of metabolites. The application of the LTQ/Orbitrap to identification of human liver microsomal metabolites of carvedilol was evaluated, using parent mass list triggered data-dependent multiple-stage accurate mass analysis, at a resolving power of 60,000 in external calibration mode. A metabolite identification workflow was developed to utilize chemical formulas from high-resolution accurate mass measurements to confirm structures of product ions of a drug proposed by Mass Frontier, illustrated by identification of structures used to establish lineage of product ions of carvedilol, which later served as a template for identification of its metabolites. A total of 58 in vitro metabolites of carvedilol were detected using 5-ppm mass tolerance filters for theoretical m/z of protonated molecules of predicted metabolites in addition to product ions and neutral mass losses diagnostic of carvedilol. The chemical formulas with unsaturation numbers calculated from the accurate m/z of precursor and product ions can be used to assign, with a high degree of confidence, the structures of metabolites and the sites of metabolism. The mass accuracies obtained for all full scan MS and MSn spectra were <2 ppm. The majority of the metabolites identified agreed with those previously reported except for those that have not been reported before. For example, several glutathione conjugates of carvedilol were reported for the first time, which may explain the reported hepatotoxicity during clinical trials and recent clinical use. |
What is the name of the male subject who must agree to abstain from sexual intercourse | 7. For female patients only: The patient is post-menopausal (≥ 1 year) or sterilized, or if she is of childbearing potential, she is not breastfeeding, her pregnancy test is negative, she has no intention to become pregnant during the course of the study, and she is using contraceptive drugs or devices. For male patients only: Male patients agree for the duration of the study and 10 weeks after the end of the study to use a condom during sexual intercourse with female partners who are of reproductive potential and to have female partners use an additional effective means of contraception (eg, diaphragm plus spermicide, or oral contraceptives) or the male subject must agree to abstain from sexual intercourse for 10 weeks after the end of the study. |
What is the relationship between longitudinal strain and symptomatic status in aortic sten | Relationship between longitudinal strain and symptomatic status in aortic stenosis. |
What is the main role of PKs in the control of proliferation and differentiation in e | Protein kinases (PKs) play crucial roles in the control of proliferation and differentiation in eukaryotic cells. Research on protein phosphorylation has expanded tremendously in the past few years, in part as a consequence of the realization that PKs represent attractive drug targets in a variety of diseases. Activity in Plasmodium PK research has followed this trend, and several reports on various aspects of this subject were delivered at the Molecular Approaches to Malaria 2008 meeting (MAM2008), a sharp increase from the previous meeting. Here, the authors of most of these communications join to propose an integrated update of the development of the rapidly expanding field of Plasmodium kinomics. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the consent of the written informed consent? | 3. Written informed consent consistent with ICH-GCP and local legislation |
What is the main cause of senile degenerative aortic valve sten | 2. Subject has senile degenerative aortic valve stenosis with: |
- Platelets 100 x 109 /L - Platelets | - Platelets ≥ 100 x 109 /L |
What is the last dose of rucaparib? | - For fertile patient (female able to become pregnant or male able to father a child), refusal to use effective contraception during the period of the trial and for 6 months after the last dose of rucaparib. |
What is the condition of a person with a complication? | - Individuals with the following conditions within 60 days prior to surgery: |
What is the name of the cancer metastases that are extremely rare? | Endomyocardial breast cancer metastases are extremely rare and have previously been diagnosed antemortem only through median sternotomy and cardiotomy. We report a case of endomyocardial breast cancer metastasis which was diagnosed antemortem by transvenous endomyocardial biopsy. |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What is the mechanism thought to be operative in CTCL? | We report the use of photochemotherapy in a patient with polycythaemia vera (PV) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The patient was diagnosed with PV and required monthly phlebotomy. Subsequently he was diagnosed with CTCL and was started on photochemotherapy. A clinical improvement in both conditions, with haematocrit stabilizing at a level of 50%, eliminated the need for further phlebotomy. It is conceiveable that photochemotherapy induced the clinical and laboratory improvement in PV by targeting the aberrant clonal haemopoietic cell, similar to the mechanism thought to be operative in CTCL, a clonal helper T cell malignancy. |
What is the name of the study that was conducted after a one week washout period? | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter (H pylori) are both associated with an increased risk of peptic ulceration and gastropathy. It is not known, however, if there is an interaction between these two agents, and thus whether or not screening for H pylori before NSAID treatment is of value. The aim of this study was to find out if H pylori potentiates the damaging effects of NSAIDs. Fifty two patients with rheumatoid arthritis requiring longterm NSAID treatment were studied. Dyspeptic symptoms were assessed according to a standardised questionnaire. Gastroscopy was performed after a one week washout period during which NSAIDs were discontinued. Gastric and duodenal mucosal damage was graded endoscopically. H pylori was identified by biopsy urease test and by histological tests. Investigations were repeated after one month's treatment with an NSAID. Patients with H pylori infection (n = 26) had a higher dyspeptic symptom score (p < 0.05). One patient with duodenal ulcer (H pylori +ve) and two with endoscopic gastritis (both H pylori +ve) were excluded from further study. Forty two subjects completed the study. After treatment there was a rise in the gastric damage score both in the H pylori +ve (p = 0.06) and the H pylori -ve (p < 0.005) groups. There was no difference in the extent of increase in grade or the final grade at the end of the treatment period between the H pylori +ve and -ve patients. It is concluded that H pylori infection is associated with increased dyspeptic symptoms in patients receiving NSAIDs but that it does not potentiate NSAID gastropathy. |
What is the date for the first day of the study? | 5. Scheduled to have an active surveillance mandated transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy within 6 - 12 months of Day 1 of the study |
What is the most important backbone protein of tight junctions? | Disruption or loss of tight junction structure and function is associated with tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in tumors of human epithelial origin. Since claudin is the most important backbone protein of tight junctions, the downregulation or loss of claudin expression is hypothesized to be important for tumor development and metastasis. In the current study, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knock down the expression of claudin6 to investigate the effect of claudin6 downregulation on the malignant phenotype in the human breast epithelium cell line HBL100. The junctional function was investigated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance across the confluent epithelial cell layer. Manual cell counting and wound healing assays were performed to examine cell proliferation and migration. Changes in matrix metalloproteinase2 (MMP2) expression and activity were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and gelatin zymography. The expression of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK were measured by western blot analysis. Claudin6 knockdown resulted in significantly lower transepithelial electrical resistance (P<0.001), higher growth rate (P<0.001) and migratory ability (P<0.001) accompanied with an increased MMP2 expression and activity (P<0.001). Furthermore, a decreased expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (P<0.001) was detected in HBL100 cells. These observations support the hypothesis that a decreased expression of claudin6 contributes to the malignant progression of human breast cancer. |
What is the method of assessing the activity of the sclerotic process in the | Studies of daily excretion of hydroxyproline with the urine in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) showed manifest hyper-hydroxyprolinuria at the early stages of the disease, which augmented with the development of renal insufficiency. Measurement of hydroxyproline in the urine of CP patients is proposed as a test reflecting the renal connective tissue metabolism at the early stages of the disease. It can be used for assessing the activity of the sclerotic process in the kidneys of CP patients, for predicting the disease course and outcome, and, probably, for developing methods of adequate pathogenetic therapy based on biochemical monitoring. The method is noninvasive, sufficiently informative, and available for clinical diagnostic laboratories. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What protein was the heat shock protein? | Nucleotide sequence analysis and seroreactivities of the 65K heat shock protein from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. |
What is the link between cellular fuel choice and cell fate and function? | Cells are capable of metabolizing a variety of carbon substrates, including glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids. Cellular fuel choice not only fulfills specific biosynthetic needs, but also enables programmatic adaptations to stress conditions beyond compensating for changes in nutrient availability. Emerging evidence indicates that specific switches from utilization of one substrate to another can have protective or permissive roles in disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular determinants of cellular fuel preference may provide insights into the homeostatic control of stress responses, and unveil therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight overarching themes encompassing cellular fuel choice; its link to cell fate and function; its advantages in stress protection; and its contribution to metabolic dependencies and maladaptations in pathological conditions. |
What ischaemia is a rabbit heart model? | Effects of lignocaine on dispersion of repolarisation and refractoriness in a working rabbit heart model of regional myocardial ischaemia. |
Docetaxel in combination with doxorubicin: a phase I dose | Docetaxel in combination with doxorubicin: a phase I dose-finding study. |
What is the cause of acute respiratory failure? | Noninvasive and invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure associated with bronchiectasis. |
What is the highest risk of prostate cancer? | Patients with locally resectable intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer which has been confirmed by biopsy according to D'Amico criteria (intermediate risk: PSA 10-20 ng/ml, cT2b-c, Gleason score 7; high risk: PSA >20 ng/ml, >cT2c, Gleason score 8-10) with clinical evidence of bone metastases in imaging tests can be included. Necessary radiotherapy of the bone metastases as required is also permitted prior to inclusion in the study. |
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