Surfactant flushing involves flooding a zone of contamination with an appropriate solution to remove the contaminant from the soil. Water or a liquid solution is injected or infiltrated into the area of contamination. The contaminants are mobilized by solubilization, formation of emulsions, or a chemical reaction with the flushing solutions. After passing through the contamination zone, the contaminant-bearing fluid is collected and brought to the surface for disposal, recirculation, or on-site treatment and reinjection. Traditional flushing techniques rely on the ability to deliver, control the flow, and recover the flushing fluid via a pump-and-treat system.

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