

Apple has been gradually building out its health strategy; here's what it looks like right now.

Wearables can provide a health boost to the NHS



However, the launch of CareKit and ResearchKit around the same time showed that Apple was also thinking about how to work with medical professionals as well as consumers. The company has also been making it easier for users of its devices to share data with their healthcare provider, and making sure that the data it gathers is as useful and accurate as insurers and physicians need it to be.  

One of the earliest significant moves in this direction came with Apple's exploration of how its Watch could be used to monitor heart conditions, including working with Stanford's medical school to enable the wearable to identify people with atrial fibrillation. The research led on to Apple Watch's ECG feature, launched with watchOS 5.1.2, which uses the onboard sensors to actively and passively monitor for the condition. (Apple is also thought to be working on expanding the number of heart conditions that the Watch can detect.) While the Watch's ECG feature is not anywhere near as sensitive as the ECG tech found in hospitals, it could still potentially be used to identify heart problems in people that may not be aware they have them, helping both patients and health providers to deal with such conditions before they cause major harm.

It's not just heart health that Apple's looking at: it's also working with Zimmer Biomet, a company that creates medical products including replacement joints, to track how people recover from knee and hip replacement surgery. The organisations have created an app that will remind people undergoing the surgeries to, for example, do exercises that are useful in recovery, and will let patients share activity data with their surgical teams.

Technology companies like Apple are looking to help healthcare providers use devices and real-time data from chronically ill patients to proactively manage their health, "so they're not ending up in the emergency room over and over again and increasing the overall cost of care," says Jeff Becker, senior analyst at tech research company Forrester.


If Apple's initiatives to monitor serious medical conditions prove successful, they could allow the company to make a case to health insurers that, despite the upfront hardware cost, buying or subsidising its products for their customers could provide savings later on down the line, by reducing the amount of expensive healthcare interventions people need. It's a message that's already struck a chord with insurer Vitality, which allows customers that exercise to earn discounts on the price of an Apple Watch, with its most energetic users able to pay nothing at all. While Watches aren't cheap, they could potentially save insurers by encouraging customers to take up and maintain healthy habits, and so reduce their future healthcare needs. Lack of exercise is a risk factor for developing or exacerbating many chronic conditions; Vitality reports an average 34 percent increase in activity levels for those using the company's reward scheme which features the Apple Watch.

There are other signs that Apple is looking to become indispensable to insurers. In December, Apple reportedly hired Jason Oberfest, CEO of a medication management app called Mango Health, which is aimed at people who are on a complex drug regime. There are many reasons patients don't take their drugs as prescribed: they may have difficulty remembering what to take when, they may find the side effects too onerous, or they may have difficulty reading the label or opening a bottle. The costs of patients taking drugs at the wrong time or missing doses can be serious: not only does it cost the healthcare industry between $5,000 to $50,000 per person, but it can also delay someone's recovery or cause significant or harmful drug interactions. If Apple is looking at creating products that help users stay on track with their medication, it could offer another way for its products to save insurers money -- potentially strengthening its argument that such companies should provide subsidised hardware to customers.

As well as targeting insurers, Apple is also looking to build out its health presence by creating products targeted directly at healthcare providers. The company is doing some serious recruitment among medical professionals, and is now thought to have around 50 doctors, most still practising, on staff, able to advise the company on what tools physicians need.

Earlier this year, Apple added Health Records to iOS, a feature that allows users to share data with their healthcare provider and view their own health data such as immunisations, lab results, and medications directly in the Health app. Health Records is standards-based, and Apple is working with partners to secure takeup of the feature: it's signed up a number of electronic medical records providers, including Cerner and Epic, to help with the integration. The number of healthcare organisations that support Health Records has grown steadily: at the start of the year, a handful of hospitals and clinics were involved, now the number is over 150. It's also made the smart move of opening up Health Records API, allowing third parties to build apps on top of Health Records. 

The move, according to Francisco Almeida, senior research analyst on European mobile devices at IDC, could help make Apple users less inclined to switch to an Android smartphone: "Apple's strategy has always been -- for every device and every piece of software that Apple releases -- that it has to be market ready and, above all, it has to strengthen and develop the whole ecosystem."

SEE MORE ON OUR NHS REPORT: VR, AR and the NHS: How virtual and augmented reality will change healthcare

The same goes for its health strategy: "if Apple already has all my healthcare records, and if I go into my healthcare institution and touch my Apple Watch onto the reception area, and instantly all my health data is there ready to be used, I wouldn't want to go to another ecosystem."

It's also allowing Apple to address a segment that has traditionally been underserved by the big technology company: seniors. Those above 65 are less likely to own a smartphone or a wearable device, are more likely to have chronic conditions and have more disposable income, making them a rich niche for hardware companies to target.

Apple has hinted new features targeting seniors could be on the cards: with the launch of the Apple Watch 4, the company debuted fall detection and an SOS feature, allowing wearers to call the emergency services. And it's unlikely to stop there; the company has also patented ear buds with biometric sensors suggesting one potential evolution of its AirPods.

While Apple's CEO may talk about the contribution to mankind, Apple's move into health makes solid business sense: by integrating itself into the management of potentially life-long medical conditions, Apple is creating a powerful reason to stick with iOS and not switch out to rival ecosystems like Android, and potentially opens up new markets for its devices. 

There's one more factor to consider here; Apple has made its emphasis on maintaining the privacy and security of customers' data a key part of its product marketing; its devices are generally considered to be more secure that many of their Android rivals. Apple regularly notes that its business model is based around selling products rather than selling the data about the people who use its products. When it comes to medical data – pretty much the most sensitive information any of us have, that strong stand on privacy could turn out to be one of the most important features in Apple's portfolio.


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