Refers to laws that regulate the use of the work of a creator, such as an artist or author. This includes copying, distributing, altering and displaying creative, literary and other types of work.

Trade Marks

A trade mark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one trader from those of other traders.


It is a right granted by the state to the owner to stop others from manufacturing, using, importing and trading the protected technology.

Geographical Indication

A geographical indication (GI) is any sign or symbol that identifies goods as emanating from any specific region or location of a country that gives the goods its known quality, reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that region or locality.

Integrated Circuit

An integrated circuit is a miniature electrical circuit containing electronic devices, some or all of the devices and interconnections of which are embedded in or on a piece of material, usually a semi-conductor material e.g. silicon.

Trade Secret

A Trade Secret is any information which: Has been kept secret, Has commercial value and Retains its commercial value as a result of the efforts to keep the information secret.

Traditional Knowledge

The knowledge, know-how, skills and practices that are developed, sustained and passed on from generation to generation within a community, often forming part of its cultural or spiritual identity.

Industrial Designs

Any material whether or not associated with lines or colours, is deemed to be an industrial design where such composition, form or material gives a special appearance to a product of industry or handicraft.

New Plant Varieties

A new plant variety refers to a previously known group of plants that can be consistently distinguished from any other similar group of plants, generation after generation.