Hallux Valgus (Bunion)

A hallux valgus is the medical term for a deviation in alignment of the big toe. This involves the joint at the base of the big toe developing a sideways angle. It is also known as a bunion.

Common causes for developing a hallux valgus include:

  • Poor ankle & foot alignment (termed biomechanics) such as a flat foot posture
  • Previous ankle, foot or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint injury
  • Degenerative change due to other conditions such as age-related osteoarthritis or rheumatoid disease
  • Repeated use of poorly-fitting footwear or everyday use of high-heeled footwear
  • There may be a genetic element, and hallux valgus sometimes runs in families

The first symptom of a hallux valgus may be noticing the big toe pointing towards the other toes, resulting in the base of the big toe sticking out. As the hallux valgus worsens, pain may be felt primarily across the top and the inside of the base of the big toe. Often the pain is associated with a stiffness of the joint and there may be swelling or thickening of the skin on the inside of the joint as the skin reacts to being rubbed against footwear. This may become red and inflamed , known as Bursitis.

A hallux valgus can be reliably diagnosed by your doctor or physiotherapist taking a history of your condition and by conducting a physical examination.

The main feature on examination is the characteristic angulation of the big toe MTP joint.

X-rays are not routinely required, but may be requested if symptoms are severe enough that surgery is being considered or to assess the degree of osteoarthritis at the big toe joint.

Non-surgical management

Mild hallux valgus can be managed effectively by non-invasive measures as described below.

Footwear. The most effective measure is wearing the most appropriate footwear and orthotics (insoles).

Hallux valgus splint. Splints may be purchased for symptomatic relief.


5×30 second holds, 2x per day

5×30 second holds, 2x per day


Surgical management

There are several different types of surgery which can be performed to correct a hallux valgus. If needed, the most suitable surgery for your age, activity level and the anatomy of your joint prior to surgery will be considered. The most commonly performed surgeries are a scarf osteotomy or a chevron osteotomy both of which involve a bone cutting procedure and then realigning the deviated big toe to a straight position.

Any surgical option will usually require you to wear a heel weight-bearing shoe or boot for 6-8 weeks and you will need to use crutches, to ensure that the operated area can heal properly. You will not be able to drive during this time. Most people are not able to wear their normal footwear for about 6 months.

Surgery will only be considered in patients who:

  • Have trialed a course of non-surgical management without success
  • Have consistent, disabling pain significantly limiting mobility

Fast track your treatment


Fast track your treatment


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