Beef Wellington

Cut of beef Beef tenderloin Enlarge

Beef Wellington, sliced open
A whole Beef Wellington
Menus for the "exquisite dinners" from the Maria Ochorowicz-Monatowa's "Uniwersalna książka kucharska" from 1909 including "Fillet à la Wellington"

Beef Wellington is an English pie made of fillet steak coated with pâté (often pâté de foie gras) and duxelles, which is then wrapped in parma ham and puff pastry, then baked. Some recipes include wrapping the coated meat in a crêpe to retain the moisture and prevent it from making the pastry soggy.

A whole tenderloin may be wrapped and baked, and then sliced for serving, or the tenderloin may be sliced into individual portions prior to wrapping and baking.



The origin of the name is unclear, with no definite connection to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.[1]

Leah Hyslop, writing in The Daily Telegraph, observes that by the time Wellington became famous, meat baked in pastry was a well-established part of English cuisine, and that the dish's similarity to the French filet de bœuf en croûte (fillet of beef in pastry) might imply that "Beef Wellington" was a "timely patriotic rebranding of a trendy continental dish".[2] However, she cautions, there are no 19th-century recipes for the dish. There is a mention of "fillet of beef, a la Wellington" in the Los Angeles Times of 1903, and an 1899 reference in a menu from the Hamburg-America line.[3] It may be related to 'steig' or steak Wellington, an Irish dish (the Duke was Irish in origin), but the dates for this are unclear.

In the Polish classic cookbook, finished in 1909 and published for the first time in 1910, by Maria Ochorowicz-Monatowa (1866-1925): "Uniwersalna książka kucharska" ("The Universal Cooking Book"), there is a recipe for "Polędwica wołowa à la Wellington" (beef fillet à la Wellington). The recipe does not differ from the dish later known under this name. It is a beef filet enveloped together with duxelles in puff pastry, baked, and served with a truffle or madeira sauce. The author, who mastered her cooking skills both in Paris and Vienna at the end of the 19th century, claimed that she had received this recipe from the cook of the imperial court in Vienna. She also included "filet à la Wellington" in the menus proposed for the "exquisite dinners".[4][5]

An installment of a serialized story entitled "Custom Built" by Sidney Herschel Small in 1930 had two of its characters in a restaurant in Los Angeles that had "beef Wellington" on its menu.[6] The first occurrence of the dish recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary is a quotation from a 1939 New York food guide with "Tenderloin of Beef Wellington" which is cooked, left to cool, and rolled in a pie crust.[2]

Similarly named dishes

Similar dishes of different types of protein baked in pastry include sausage and salmon. Various vegetarian Wellington recipes, such as mushroom and beet Wellingtons, also exist.[7]

See also


  1. ^ Olver, Lynne. "Beef Wellington". The Food Timeline.
  2. ^ a b Hyslop, Leah (21 August 2013). "Potted histories: Beef Wellington". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  3. ^ "First Class Menu, 10th Nov 1899, Hamburg-America line". Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  4. ^ Ochorowicz-Monatowa, Marya (1910). Uniwersalna książka kucharska (in Polish). Lwów; Warszawa-Łódź: Księgarnia H. Altenberga; Ludwik Fiszer. p. 52, 304.
  5. ^ "Marya Ochorowicz-Monatowa "Uniwersalna książka kucharska"". Salon tradycji polskiej (in Polish). Muzeum Lwowa i Kresów. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019.
  6. ^ Small, Sidney Herschel (9 January 1930). "Custom Built". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 27. ProQuest 181103725.
  7. ^ "Classic Beef Wellington". Tiny New York Kitchen. Retrieved 14 May 2015.