@conference {34504, title = {Beyond Curtailment and Efficiency: Identifying Household Energy- and Water-Saving Measure Classes}, booktitle = {ACEEE Summer Study}, year = {2020}, month = {08/2020}, abstract = {
A key component of behavior-based energy conservation programs is the identification of target behaviors. A common approach is to target behaviors with the greatest energy-saving potential. The concept of behavioral spillover introduces further considerations, namely that adoption of one energy-saving behavior may increase (or decrease) the likelihood of other energy-saving behaviors. Thus, the total impact of correlated measure classes could be an important consideration when selecting target behaviors. Understanding the unique drivers and barriers for different measure classes can also support more efficient and effective interventions. However, current understanding of measure classes is limited.\ \ 
This research aimed to identify household energy- and water-saving measure classes, within which positive spillover is likely to occur (e.g., adoption of energy-efficient appliances may correlate with adoption of water-efficient appliances). Nearly 1,000 households in a California city were surveyed and asked to report whether they had adopted 75 different energy- and/or water-saving measures. Cluster analysis based on correlations between adoption of these diverse measures revealed eight water-energy-saving measure classes: Water Conservation; Energy Conservation; Maintenance and Management; Efficient Appliance; Edge of Efficiency; Efficient Irrigation; Green Gardening; and Green Landscaping. Understanding these measure classes can help guide behavior-based energy program developers in selecting target behaviors and designing interventions. For example, a series of energy reports could focus on one measure class at a time, each report promoting multiple measures within a given class and particularly highlighting high-leverage, {\textquotedblleft}gateway{\textquotedblright} measures, i.e., those most correlated with others in the class.
}, doi = {10.20357/B70K63}, author = {Angela Sanguinetti and Claire McIlvennie and Marco Pritoni and Susan Schneider} } @techreport {34558, title = {Improving Ventilation and Indoor Environmental Quality in California K-12 Schools}, year = {2020}, month = {07/2020}, abstract = {

This project developed and demonstrated approaches to synergistically improve ventilation and indoor environmental quality during replacements of packaged heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)systemsin California schools. The research team 1) characterized HVAC systems, carbon dioxide concentration, and indoor thermal conditions in 104 classrooms that had replaced packaged HVAC systems serving a single classroom (single-zone) between 2013 and 2016; 2) evaluated HVAC system retrofits with regard to energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality performance at two field sites; and 3) completed building energy and indoor environmental quality modeling of HVAC equipment and filter selection forfour climate and outdoor air conditions representative of California{\textquoteright}s regional variation and two different classroom vintages.Inspections of 104 classrooms with HVAC equipment installed between 2013-2016 showed that only 15 percent of classrooms{\textquoteright} estimated median daily ventilation rates met the 7.1 liters per second per person Title 24 code requirement,and 9 percent had carbon dioxide levels above2,000 parts per million for significant portions of the school day, which implies a ventilation rate of less than half of that required. Where under-ventilation occurred, it tended to affect several observed classrooms within a given schoolandnot occur as an isolated case. Periodic testing of ventilation systems andcontinuous real-time carbon dioxide monitoring could help to detect ventilation problems.Field testing and modeling of HVAC technologies determined that variable speed motors for indoor blowers, two-speed compressors, economizers, demand control ventilation technology, and air filters with a minimum efficiency reportingvalue of 13 constitute an HVAC package suitable for all of California{\textquoteright}s climates. The combination of technologies can save between 28 and 57 percent of HVAC electricity use, depending on climate. Filters with a minimum efficiency reporting value of13can reduce indoor particulate matter exposuresby 40 percent or more compared to filters with avalue of 8.

}, keywords = {demand control ventilation, Economizers, energy efficiency, hvac, indoor environmental quality (IEQ), K-12 schools, occupant experience}, issn = {CEC-500-2020-049}, url = {https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2020publications/CEC-500-2020-049/CEC-500-2020-049.pdf}, author = {Theresa Pistochini and Caton Mande and Mark Modera and Sarah Outcault and Angela Sanguinetti and Wanyu R. Chan and Spencer M. Dutton and Brett C. Singer and Xiwang Li} } @article {34621, title = {Of impacts, agents, and functions: An interdisciplinary meta-review of smart home energy management systems research}, journal = {Energy Research \& Social Science}, volume = {68}, year = {2020}, month = {10/2020}, pages = {101555}, abstract = {

Smart home energy management technologies (SHEMS) have long been viewed as a promising opportunity to manage the way households use energy. Research on this topic has emerged across a variety of disciplines, focusing on different pieces of the SHEMS puzzle without offering a holistic vision of how these technologies and their users will influence home energy use moving forward. This paper presents the results of a systematic, interdisciplinary meta-review of SHEMS literature, assessing the extent to which it discusses the role of various SHEMS components in driving energy benefits. Results reveal a bias towards technical perspectives and controls approaches that seek to drive energy impacts such as load management and energy savings through SHEMS without user or third-party participation. Not only are techno-centric approaches more common, there is also a lack of integration of these approaches with user-centric, information-based solutions for driving energy impacts. These results suggest future work should investigate more holistic solutions for optimal impacts on household energy use. We hope these results will provoke a broader discussion about how to advance research on SHEMS to capitalize on their potential contributions to demand-side management initiatives moving forward.

}, issn = {22146296}, doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2020.101555}, author = {Claire McIlvennie and Angela Sanguinetti and Marco Pritoni} } @article {30321, title = {Home energy management (HEM) database: A list with coded attributes of 308 devices commercially available in the US}, journal = {Data in Brief}, volume = {16}, year = {2018}, month = {02/2018}, pages = {71 - 74}, abstract = {


}, issn = {23523409}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.067}, author = {Marco Pritoni and Rebecca Ford and Beth Karlin and Angela Sanguinetti} } @proceedings {34234, title = {Smart Home Energy Management: Use Cases and Savings Opportunities}, journal = {ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Smart home technology has been gaining traction in recent years, especially since the introduction of intelligent personal assistants such as the Amazon Echo or Google Home. With smart devices replacing manual controls in homes, utilities and policymakers need to understand the potential of this technology to save energy or shift load to identify whether/how they can support it. While most of the current industrial research on smart home technology focuses on non-energy benefits, there is a clear need to identify products and features that hold promise to support home energy management (HEM) functions. This paper presents a framework for identifying use cases for home energy management systems (HEMS). Our analysis draws on data from a multi-method research study on HEMS that included interviews and surveys with consumers and stakeholders, as well as a technological assessment of over 300 HEM products. The framework inventories and categorizes opportunities to reduce or shift home energy consumption, then maps these opportunities to specific strategies a HEM product user can enact, or allow, and specifies the required product/system features and user interactions. These use cases can support the design of smart home products that better enable HEMS, the development of educational tools to promote the energy management uses of smart home products to consumers and can guide the creation of policies, regulations, and programs.

}, url = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vx8h5gj$\#$main}, author = {Marco Pritoni and Angela Sanguinetti and Rebecca Ford and Beth Karlin} } @article {34212, title = {Categories and functionality of smart home technology for energy management}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {123}, year = {2017}, month = {10/2017}, pages = {543 - 554}, abstract = {

Technologies providing opportunities for home\ energy\ management have been on the rise in recent years, however, it{\textquoteright}s not clear how well the technology - as it{\textquoteright}s currently being developed - will be able to deliver energy saving or demand shifting benefits. The current study undertakes an analysis of 308 home energy management (HEM) products to identify key differences in terms of functionality and quality. Findings identified opportunities for energy savings (both behavioural and operational) as well as load shifting across most product categories, however, in many instances other potential benefits related to convenience, comfort, or security may limit the realisation of savings. This is due to lack of information related to energy being collected and presented to users, as well as lack of understanding of how users may interact with the additional information and control provided. While the current study goes some way to identify the technical capabilities and potential for HEM products to deliver savings, it is recommended that further work expand on this to identify how users interact with these technologies in their home, in both a standalone and fully integrated smart home environment to deliver benefits to both homes and the grid.

}, keywords = {energy efficiency, Home automation, Home energy management, Internet of things, Smart home}, issn = {03601323}, doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.07.020}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360132317303062https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0360132317303062?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0360132317303062?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Rebecca Ford and Marco Pritoni and Angela Sanguinetti and Beth Karlin} } @article {34213, title = {Occupant thermal feedback for improved efficiency in university buildings}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {144}, year = {2017}, month = {06/2017}, pages = {241 - 250}, abstract = {

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are responsible for more than half of theenergy consumed in many buildings on university campuses in the US. Despite the significant amount ofenergy spent on HVAC operations, thermal comfort conditions in campus buildings are frequently poor.Faulty assumptions or a lack of data regarding occupant comfort can lead to energy waste from over-heating or overcooling. Additionally, inadequate operational procedures and outdated technology makeit difficult for occupant needs to inform temperature management. For example, campuses frequentlyuse {\textquotedblleft}work order{\textquotedblright} systems to manage temperature issues, but this process is slow and not widely usedby students, i.e., the majority of building occupants. Previous research suggests that thermal comfortfeedback from occupants can simultaneously drive energy efficiency and improve comfort in universitybuildings. However, these prior studies were limited to single buildings or zones inside buildings. Thispaper describes the campus-wide deployment of TherMOOstat, a software tool that solicits thermal feed-back from students, and analyzes its impact on energy use and energy management procedures. Thermalfeedback can be submitted any time from any building on central campus. Over 10,000 feedback submis-sions were received across one year, transforming occupants into meaningful sensors. The research teamexplored manual and automatic methods to link occupant thermal feedback to the energy managementsystem, resulting in improved efficiency and comfort.

}, keywords = {control system, energy efficiency, hvac, Institutional buildings, Software, thermal comfort, University campus}, issn = {03787788}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.048}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378778817309556https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0378778817309556?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0378778817309556?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Marco Pritoni and Kiernan Salmon and Angela Sanguinetti and Joshua Morejohn and Mark Modera} }