Energy Keywords

For the OCR human paper, a list of all keywords under the 'Energy' topic under the headings set out in the specification.

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  • Created by: Charlotte
  • Created on: 20-01-12 18:11
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What are
sources of
and how
do these
vary in
Non These are sources of energy which are finite and mean that eventually they will run
Renewable out and when they are used supply of them reduces. These are the most commonly
(finite) energy used energy sources, as the global energy mix is much more non-renewable based.
sources E.g. Fossil Fuels
Fossil Fuels These are fuels which contain hydrocarbons and are formed by the decomposition of
prehistoric organisms in past geological periods. These are also seen to be
responsible for many carbon dioxide emissions contributing to global warming. E.g.
Coal, oil and natural gas.
Semi ­ These are semi- renewable because they will run out eventually if they are not
Renewable replaced, but it will be a while until they run out. E.g. Wood, biofuels, nuclear.
Energy sources which are not depleted as they are used. These tend to be used less
in most countries, especially many developing countries as they tend to be more
expensive, although they are usually better for the environment. E.g. Solar, wind,
biomass, hydroelectric, tidal.
The patterns are that LEDCs rely on wood, biofuels, fossil fuels and traditional
sources such as water wheels. E.g. Rural areas in Mali get 80% of energy needs from
Energy firewood and charcoal. NICs rely on oil, gas and increasingly nuclear power, or large
Pattern hydro schemes. E.g. China gets 6.8% of energy needs from HEP. MEDCs are reducing
coal use and increasing renewable energy sources. E.g. The EU has set a Renewable
Energy Directive for countries to get 15% of energy from renewable by 2020.
Energy The demand for energy has been growing steadily. E.g. 60% increase in global
Consumption consumption between 1981 and 2006 and expected to increase by 50% between
2006 and 2030. Energy use has increased because of technological development,
increasing national wealth, changes in demand and changes in price. There is a huge
gap between rich and poor countries as the use of energy can improve the quality of
life in so many ways (washing machine) although energy demands can also depend
on the climate and other factors.
Energy Mix The relative contribution of different energy sources to a country's energy
production/ consumption.

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Oil This is a fossil fuel found in porous rock between layers of hard rock deep beneath
the earth's surface. E.g. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or offshore e.g. Gulf of Mexico, North
Sea. It is used everywhere with accounting for no less than 30% in the six areas (N
America, S and Cen America, Europe and Euroasia, Middle East, Africa and Asia
Pacific) it is leading energy source in USA, Middle East and Africa.…read more

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(relatively cheap) but it is a strong greenhouse gas, drilling has big environmental
impact, non renewable.
Unconvention Natural Gas that is more difficult and therefore more expensive to extract than
al Natural Gas `conventional' reserves, although these are becoming more viable options as oil
prices rise. Mainly deep gas, tight gas, gas containing shales, coal bed methane,
depressurised zones, artic and sub sea hydrates.
Conventional In the ground, easy to access.…read more

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What is
p between
energy use
Greater energy Due to mechanistation of agriculture, expansion of manufacturing industry, demand
use when of a growing service sector, increased freight and general business transportation,
develops increasing car ownership, higher levels of domestic use and expansion of power
networks, increased demand for heating and air conditioning.
Benefits of A better quality of life, health improvements (indoor air pollution from inefficient
access to cooking kills 1.…read more

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What are the
social, economic
issues associated
with increasing
demand for
Economic impact of Building more power stations and extending transmission corridors, new
increased energy sources of power may be required, high levels of investment are needed
demand to install a modern energy infrastructure (FDI may be needed), it should
create employment opportunities although initially skilled workers may
need to be brought in from abroad, it will encourage the development of
other industries as energy infrastructure expands (multiplier) and some…read more

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6…read more

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How can
energy supply
be managed to
Management of Increasingly important because of concerns about the
energy schemes exhaustion of fossil fuels, the impact of emissions on the
environment, the high cost of building large energy instillations.…read more


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