The topic p'u-fang is discussed in the following articles:


  • TITLE: dress (body covering)
    SECTION: China
    ...Ming portraits show officials clothed in red pao that have large bird or animal squares (called “mandarin squares,” or pufang) on the breast, as specific bird and animal emblems to designate each of the nine ranks of civil and military officials had been adopted by the Ming in 1391.