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NHS services explained

NHS eyecare services: visiting an optician


Find out about different eye healthcare professionals.

How often should I have an eye test?

Our eyes rarely hurt when something is wrong with them, so having regular eye tests is important to help detect potentially harmful conditions. For more information, read Why are eye tests important? The NHS recommends that you should get your eyes tested every two years (more often if advised by your ophthalmic practitioner or optometrist).

An NHS sight (eye) test is free of charge if you are in one of the eligible groups and your sight test is considered clinically necessary. If the ophthalmic practitioner can't see a clinical need then you'll have to pay for the test privately. For more information see free NHS sight tests and optical vouchers.

What happens after the eye test?



How can I make a complaint?

If you are not happy with the service or treatment provided then you have the right to make a complaint. Wherever possible, complaints should be made directly to the practice as it may be possible to sort out the problem straight away. If you would prefer to talk to someone who is not involved with the practice concerned, you can complain to NHS England. Read in more detail about the NHS complaints procedure.

The Optical Consumer Complaints Service (OCCS) may also be able to offer you advice or provide some mediation. Visit the OCCS website for more information.

Why won’t the optician give me my pupillary distance?

Your ophthalmic practitioner or optometrist is not required by law to include details of the horizontal distance between your pupils (the inter-pupillary distance) in your prescription. The responsibility for ensuring that your lenses are properly centred in your frames lies with the person dispensing your glasses (dispensing optician) and they will have to do all the measuring.

Any provider of glasses, whether shop- or internet-based, should have arrangements in place to be able to satisfy this requirement.

Also see the regulations for: Sale of Optical Appliances Order of Council 1984.


Eye healthcare professionals explained


List of eye healthcare professionals

Dispensing opticians

Dispensing opticians fit glasses and contact lenses working from the prescriptions written by an ophthalmic practitioner or ophthalmologist. They also fit and dispense low vision aids such as magnifying glasses or telescopic spectacles. They don't carry out eye tests. A dispensing optician can give you advice on types of lenses, such as single-vision or bifocal (lenses with two distinct optical powers), and help you to choose frames and other optical aids. They also advise patients on how to wear and care for their spectacles or contact lenses. Also read the section about contact lens safety.


An optometrist is trained to recognise abnormalities. Like eye surgeons (ophthalmologists), they examine the internal and external structure of your eyes to detect conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration and cataracts. They may also test a person's ability to focus and coordinate the eyes and see depth and colours accurately. If necessary, the optometrist will refer you on to your GP or a hospital eye clinic for further investigations.

Optometrists can prescribe and fit glasses, contact lenses and low vision aids, and, if trained to do so, medications to treat eye conditions.

Ophthalmic medical practitioners

Ophthalmic medical practitioners are medically qualified doctors specialising in eyecare. Like optometrists, they examine eyes, test sight, diagnose abnormalities and prescribe suitable corrective lenses. 


Ophthalmologists (eye surgeons) are doctors that specialise in the medical and surgical care of your eyes and the visual system. They also look into the prevention of eye disease and injury. An ophthalmologist treats patients of all ages, from premature babies to the elderly. The conditions dealt with in ophthalmology can range from eye trauma to cataracts, diabetic eye conditions – such as diabetic retinopathy – as well as congenital and genetic eye problems.


Orthoptists are specialists in squints and eye movement disorders. They investigate and identify problems relating to the development of the visual system, including:

  • squint and lazy eyes in children (orthoptists often perform vision screening of children in schools and community health centres)
  • adults with learning difficulties
  • adults with double vision or a binocular vision problem

Page last reviewed: 02/12/2016

Next review due: 02/12/2019

Eye tests for adults


Media last reviewed: 18/06/2015

Next review due: 18/06/2017