ළමා වෛද්‍යවේදය

විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය වෙතින්
වෙත පනින්න: සංචලනය, සොයන්න

Pediatrics (සැකිල්ල:Lang-en-GB) is the branch of වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The upper age limit ranges from age 14 to 18, depending on the country.

A medical practitioner who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician (also spelled paediatrician).


Differences between adult and pediatric medicine[සංස්කරණය]




History of pediatrics[සංස්කරණය]



Training of pediatricians[සංස්කරණය]

The training of pediatricians varies considerably across the world.

Like other medical practitioners, pediatricians begin their training with an entry-level medical education: a tertiary-level course, undertaken at a medical school attached to a university. Such a course leads to a medical degree.

Depending on jurisdiction and university, a medical degree course may be either undergraduate-entry or graduate-entry. The former commonly takes five or six years, and has been usual in the Commonwealth. Entrants to graduate-entry courses (as in the USA), usually lasting four or five years, have previously completed a three- or four-year university degree, commonly but by no means always in sciences. Medical graduates hold a degree specific to the country and university in and from which they graduated. This degree qualifies that medical practitioner to become licensed or registered under the laws of that particular country, and sometimes of several countries, subject to requirements for "internship" or "conditional registration".

Within the United States, the term physician also describes holders of the Doctor of Osteopathic medicine (D.O.) degree. For further information on osteopathic medicine, see the entry on the comparison of MD and DO in the US.

Pediatricians must undertake further training in their chosen field. This may take from three to six or more years, depending on jurisdiction and the degree of specialization. The post-graduate training for a primary care physician, including primary care pediatricians, is generally not as lengthy as for a hospital-based medical specialist.

In most jurisdictions, entry-level degrees are common to all branches of the medical profession, but in some jurisdictions, specialization in pediatrics may begin before completion of this degree. In some jurisdictions, pediatric training is begun immediately following completion of entry-level training. In other jurisdictions, junior medical doctors must undertake generalist (unstreamed) training for a number of years before commencing pediatric (or any other) specialization. Specialist training is often largely under the control of pediatric organizations (see below) rather than universities, with varying degrees of government input, depending on jurisdiction.

Roles in different countries[සංස්කරණය]

Pediatricians have different roles in different countries.

In the USA, a pediatrician is a specialist physician who generally functions in a primary care setting for children. Like all physicians, they first receive a general medical degree (from a US medical school, typically MD or DO). In addition, pediatricians complete an internship in pediatrics and then two additional years of residency in pediatrics. A similar situation exists in Germany: a pediatrician (German: Kinderarzt) is commonly a primary care physician for children.

In the UK and many other parts of the world, a pediatrician is also a specialist physician for children, but generally not in primary care. He or she sees children who are either urgently taken to a hospital or who are referred by general practitioners; the latter see the bulk of child patients in primary care. Pediatricians generally first receive a general medical degree, typically MB BS, MB BChir, etc., and then complete at least two years' general clinical training ("foundation training"), followed by six or more years' additional training in pediatrics or its subspecialties.

Subspecialists in pediatrics[සංස්කරණය]

Specialist pediatricians may undergo further training in sub-specialties. Practicing a subspecialty in pediatrics is similar in some respects to practising the relevant adult specialty, but a major difference is in the pattern of disease. Typically, diseases commonly seen in children are rare in adults (e.g. bronchiolitis, rotavirus infection), and those seen in adults are rare in children (e.g. coronary artery disease, deep vein thrombosis). Hence, pediatric cardiologists deal with the heart conditions of children, particularly congenital heart defects, and pediatric oncologists most often treat types of cancer that are relatively common in children (e.g. certain leukemias, lymphomas and sarcomas), but which are rarely seen in adults. Every subspecialty of adult medicine exists in pediatrics (with the obvious exception of geriatrics).

Adolescent medicine is a growing sub-specialty. The pattern of diseases in adolescents in part resembles that seen in older adults, and specialists or sub-specialists in adolescent medicine are also drawn from practitioners of internal medicine or family medicine. Another major sub-specialty, which is unique to pediatrics, is neonatology: the medical care of newborn babies.

Pediatric organizations[සංස්කරණය]


Social role of pediatric specialists[සංස්කරණය]

Like other medical practitioners, pediatricians are traditionally considered to be members of a learned profession, because of the extensive training requirements, and also because of the occupation's special ethical and legal duties.

Pediatricians commonly enjoy high social status, often combined with expectations of a high and stable income and job security. However, medical practitioners in general often work long and inflexible hours, with shifts at unsociable times, and may earn less than other professionals whose education is of comparable length. Neonatologists or general pediatricians in hospital practice are often on call at unsociable times for perinatal problems in particular — such as for Cesarean section or other high risk births, and for the care of ill newborn infants.

In August 2000, during a "name and shame" campaign by Rupert Murdoch's News of the World, a paediatrician in Wales had her home and car vandalised by "vigilantes", who believed "paediatrician" meant "paedophile".[4]

See also[සංස්කරණය]


  3. G. A. Russell (1994), The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 270, Brill Publishers, ISBN 90-04-09459-8.
  4. Doctor driven out of home by vigilantes | UK news | The Guardian

Further reading[සංස්කරණය]

External links[සංස්කරණය]

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