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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Development of which of the following personality tests was based on‭ ‬Murray’s‭ ‬15‭ ‬needs‭ (‬e.g.,‭ ‬achievement,‭ ‬autonomy,‭ ‬affiliation‭)?

For the licensing exam, you’ll want to be familiar with the purpose and assumptions underlying the four tests listed in the answers to this question.

The developer of the EPPS (Edwards Personal Preference Schedule) used the 15 needs identified by Murray to generate items for the test.

The developers of the 16 PF (Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire) used factor analysis to categorize adjectives that describe personality traits.

The CPI (California Psychological Inventory) was developed as a measure of normal personality traits for adolescents and adults. Items for each scale were chosen on the basis of their ability to distinguish between groups of people who differed with regard the trait measured by the scale.

The NEO-PI-R (NEO Personality Inventory – Revised) assesses the big five personality traits.
According to Sternberg‭ (‬1996‭)‬,‭ “‬successful intelligence‭” ‬consists of:
three abilities‭ – ‬analytical,‭ ‬creative,‭ ‬and practical.

Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence (more recently referred to as successful intelligence) distinguishes between three components.

According to Sternberg, successful intelligence consists of the three abilities described in this answer (analytical, creative, and practical). He has criticized traditional intelligence tests on the ground that they focus on analytical ability only.
The Wonderlic Personnel Test is a:
brief measure of cognitive ability

The Wonderlic Personnel Test is a 12-minute, 50-item exam.

The Wonderlic Personnel Test assesses cognitive ability (general intelligence) and is used in organizations as a selection test.
Performance on which of the following is‭ ‬least likely to be adversely affected by increasing age in adulthood‭?
a measure of implicit memory

Although explicit memory shows age-related declines, implicit memory is relatively unaffected by increasing age.
Subtest scatter of three to five points on the WISC-III indicates:
variability of strengths and weaknesses in cognitive abilities.

A common technique for interpreting subtest scores is to calculate the examinee’s mean verbal and performance subtest scores and determine how many subtests in the verbal and performance scales deviate from the mean. When doing so, discrepancies of three points or more are considered significant and are interpreted in terms of strengths and weaknesses rather than in terms of specific pathology.
speed vs power tests
A speed (or speeded) test contains a large number of questions that are so easy that most examinees would be able to answer them correctly if given sufficient time. However, a strict time limit is imposed so that an examinee’s test score reflects his/her speed of responding.

Power tests can be viewed as the opposite of speed tests. Power tests contain items that are relatively difficult and that could not all be answered correctly by most or all examinees regardless of how much time they are given to complete the test.
Which of the following cognitive abilities is‭ ‬least likely to show a noticeable decline after age‭ ‬60‭?
mathematical ability

Crystallized abilities are less affected by increasing age during adulthood than are fluid abilities.

Mathematical ability, vocabulary, and general information are crystallized abilities and are less affected by normal aging than are the fluid abilities (abstract reasoning, attention span, concept formation)
An elevated score on the MMPI-2‭’‬s F scale is most suggestive of which of the following‭?
deliberate malingering

The MMPI-2 includes several validity scales that provide information on an examinee’s test-taking attitudes and style.

An extremely high score on the F (frequency) scale indicates a deliberate attempt to “fake bad,” carelessness in responding, or gross eccentricity.

deliberate attempt to present oneself in a favorable light is suggested by an elevated score on the L scale.
tendency toward social conformity is suggested by a low score on the F scale.

defensiveness or low stress tolerance is also suggested by an elevated L scale score.
A criticism of the Scholastic Aptitude Test‭ (‬SAT‭) ‬is that it is a relatively poor predictor of the college grades of students who:
score in the mid range

You may have been able to make an educated guess when choosing the answer to this question if you're unfamiliar with the SAT but are familiar with scatterplots: Often, in a scatterplot there is a slight "bulge" in the middle of the distribution, indicating that the relationship between variables is not quite as strong in the mid-region of the scores as it is at the extremes.

A shortcoming of the SAT is that it is less accurate in predicting the college GPA of examinees who obtain SAT scores in the mid-range (between 900 and 1200) than it is for predicting the GPA of examinees who obtain higher or lower scores.
MMPI-2 score codes
4-9/9-4 Scale 4 is the Psychopathic Deviate scale, and Scale 9 is the Hypomania scale. The 4-9/9-4 code (highest scores on Scales 4 and 9) is characteristic of people with a history of alcohol and drug abuse, antisocial behaviors, and/or sex offenses.

9-0/0-9 Highest scores on scales 9 and 0 (Hypomania and Social Introversion) suggest egocentrism and grandiosity.

2-1/1-2 Highest scores on scales 2 and 1 (Depression and Hypochondriasis) suggest depression, worry, and pessimism.

2-6/6-2 Highest scores on Scales 2 and 6 (Depression and Paranoia) suggest hopelessness, hostility, and paranoia.
A school psychologist will administer which of the following tests to evaluate the intelligence of a‭ ‬13-year old who received a diagnosis of mental retardation when she was‭ ‬6‭ ‬years old‭?

For the licensing exam, you’ll want to be familiar with the purpose and age ranges of the four tests listed in the answers to this question.

The SB5 (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition) was designed for use with individuals aged 2 to 85+ and is considered a reliable measure for lower functioning individuals.

The WPPSI-III is appropriate for individuals aged 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 3 months.

The WAIS-III is appropriate for individuals aged 16 through 89.

The CMMS (Columbia Mental Maturity Scale) is a measure of general reasoning for individuals aged 3 through 10.
Examinees with Alzheimer's dementia would be likely to obtain the‭ ‬highest score on which of the following WAIS-III factor indexes‭?
verbal comprehension

Individuals with Alzheimer’s dementia tend to obtain higher Verbal than Performance IQ scores.

The WAIS-III Technical Manual reports the highest score for individuals with Alzheimer’s dementia for the Verbal Comprehension index, followed by the Working Memory index, the Perceptual Organization index, and the Processing Speed index.
The Occupational Scales of the Kuder Occupational Interest Survey:
provide information on the similarity of the examinee’s interests with those of satisfied workers in different occupations.

The Kuder Occupational Interest Survey (KOIS) provides scores on four scales – Occupational Scales, College Major Scales, Vocational Interest Estimates, and Dependability Indices.

The Occupational Scales include a broad range of occupations.

This answer accurately describes the Occupational Scales.
In the case of‭ ‬Larry P.‭ ‬v.‭ ‬Riles,‭ ‬the court ruled that IQ tests:
are racially and culturally biased.

In the Larry P. case, a suit was brought against the California State Department of Education and the San Francisco School Board on the ground that the use of standard IQ tests as a placement technique resulted in an over-representation of African American children in special education classes.

Judge Peckham's ruling in the case of Larry P. reflected his conclusion that IQ tests are racially and culturally biased and, therefore, should not be used as placement tools for minority children.
An examinee’s score on the Benton Visual Retention Test‭ (‬BVRT‭) ‬reflects his/her ability to:
reproduce geometric figures from memory.

The BVRT is used to assess visual memory, spatial perception, and visual motor skills for the purpose of identifying brain injury.

Administration of the BVRT requires the examinee to reproduce (draw) simple geometric figures from memory. The greater the number of errors, the more likely that the examinee has a brain injury.
Which of the following Wechsler subtests is incorrectly described in terms of the abilities it measures‭?
Object Assembly:‭ ‬long-term memory and visual planning

For the exam, you’ll want to be familiar with the abilities measured by the Wechsler subtests. Note that this question is asking which subtest is described incorrectly.

The Object Assembly subtest is a measure of visual-motor speed and coordination and the ability to see part/whole relationships.

The Comprehension subtest is a measure of common sense and social judgment.

The Similarities subtest assesses abstract thinking.

The Picture Arrangement subtest measures nonverbal reasoning and social awareness.
Rancho Los Amigos Scale of Cognitive Functioning:
The Rancho Los Amigos Scale of Cognitive Functioning was developed as a method for monitoring recovery from head trauma and involves rating the individual in terms of eight levels of functioning.

Level 1 - person is nonresponsive to visual or auditory stimuli and seems to be in a state of deep sleep

Level 4 - person is confused and incoherent,‭ ‬may exhibit bizarre behavior,‭ ‬and is unable to care for him/herself

Level 8 - person is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairment in judgment,‭ ‬planning,‭ ‬and abstract reasoning
Stroop Test
A measure of cognitive flexibility and selective attention.

The Stroop Color-Word Association Test assesses the degree to which the examinee can suppress a prepotent response in favor of an unusual one (i.e., can name the print color rather than the color name). Poor performance on the Stroop Test has been linked to frontal lobe damage, ADHD, autism, and depression.
Flynn effect
Research by Flynn (1998) and others has shown that IQ test scores have generally increased from one generation to the next, especially in developed countries.

Flynn proposes that increases in IQ test scores from one generation to the next represent increases in abstract problem solving as the result of environmental factors (e.g., improved education).
During the oral administration of a standardized scholastic achievement test to an eight-year old child,‭ ‬the child tells the administrator,‭ ‬a school psychologist,‭ ‬that she doesn't understand what the psychologist has asked.‭ ‬When the child responds in this way to a question,‭ ‬the psychologist should:
repeat the question but speak more slowly.

When administering a standardized test, valid results are obtained only when the standardized administration and scoring procedures are used.

In most testing situations, it would be acceptable to repeat the question.
In the context of cognitive ability tests,‭ “‬testing-the-limits‭” ‬refers to:
readministering the test‭ (‬or portions of it‭) ‬to an examinee while modifying the standardized procedures.

Testing-the-limits is done in order to obtain additional information about an examinee and involves deviating from standardized testing procedures.

Testing-the-limits is done to obtain additional qualitative information about an examinee (e.g., how the examinee derived his/her responses or how the examinee responds when given cues or additional time to answer items). Testing-the-limits is done after the test has been administered using standardized procedures.
When an interest test yields ipsative scores,‭ ‬this means that scores indicate:
the relative strengths of an examinee''s interests.

Ipsative scores permit intraindividual comparisons but not interindividual comparisons.

When an interest test yields ipsative scores, an individual’s scores indicate his/her relative standing in terms of the interests measured by the test (i.e., they indicate which interest is the strongest for the examinee, which is the second strongest, etc.).
The concordance rate for IQ for biological‭ (‬non-twin‭) ‬siblings who are reared together is:

For the licensing exam, you’ll want to be familiar with the IQ concordance rates listed in the Psychological Assessment chapter of the written study materials.

Bouchard and Gue (1981) report a concordance rate of .85 for IQ for identical twins reared together.

The concordance rate for identical twins reared apart is .67.

Bouchard and Gue report a concordance rate of .45 for biological (non-twin) siblings reared together.

The concordance rate for biological parent and child living apart is .22.