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big bang, energy, matter

Big Bang Theory The theory that states that over fourteen bya, all the energy in the world was squeezed into a "singularity", which then expanded to become aur universe now, which is still expanding.
Singularity What all the matter in the univeres was called when it was squeezed into a space as small as the pereiode at the end of a sentence, before it expanded.
Goldilocks Theory The theory that says that gravity is just right, and the universe will keep expanding at a perfect rate.
Proton The proton is a subatomic particle stored in the nucleus of the atom. It is made of two up quarks and one down quark, which makes it have a charge of exactly +1.
Quark What neutrons and protons are made up of. There are two kinds: up quarks and down quarks. An up quark has a charge of +2/3, and a down quark has as charge of -1/3.
Energy Anything that has the ability to do work or to cause change.
Elecromagnetic Energy A type of potential energy that travels in transverse waves. For example: gamma rays, infrared, ultra violet radiation, visible light, microwave, radiowaves.
Nuclear Energy Potential Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Energy transformation When one type of energy transforms into another. For example, if you are doing jumping jacks in the cold, you are doing mechanical energy, which is the jumping jacks, which transforms into thermal energy, as it makes you warmer.
Chemical Properties Properties of a substance that shows how that substance reacts with other substances
Parralax effect When you view an object from one angle, and it seems to shift when you view it from an other angle.
Big Crunch Theory The theory that states that gravity is too strong, and the universe is going to sort of double over on itself.
Atom What is considered the smallest building block of matter, though it is not fundamental.
Neutron Stored in the nucleus, it is made of two down quarks, and one up quark. Since -1/3+ -1/3 + 2/3 = 0, it is neurtal.
Fundamental Particle A subatomic particle that can not be broken up any smaller, for instance the electron
Kinetic Energy Energy that's in motion, for instance mechanical energy.
Thermal Energy Total kinetic energy and potential energy of particles in an object.
Chemical Energy One type of potential energy that is stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together.
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space
Cosmic Backround Radiations Radiation still left over from the Big Bang
Great Expansion Theory Theory that states the gravity is too weak and eventually wont beable even to hold particles together.
Subatomic Particles A particle that is even smaller than an atom.
Elecron A fundamental subatomic particle that is about two thousand times smaller than the proton and the neutron. It is not stored in the nucleus, but buzzes around it so fast you cant see it.
Inderect Evindence Evidence that you dont find out directly. Inderect evedence is finding one thing out and using it to guess about something else.
Potential Energy Energy that is not being used and is not in motion, but does have the POTENTIAL to be used.
Mecahnical Energy A type of energy that can be potential OR kinetic.It is defined as the movement of an object or a substance from one place to another
Elecrical Energy THe energy of electric charges
Physical Properties Properties that can be observed of a substance when it is alone, and not with another substance.
Type + form of energy for energy in nucleus of an atom. nuclear energy, PE
Type + form of energy for energy running through a copper wire connected to an outlet. electric energy, KE
Type + form of energy for energy in the fuel of an airoplane. thermal, KE
Type + form of energy for energy in an x-ray machine. electromagnetic, PE
When bouncing on a trampoline, where is your PE and KE the highest? Why? At the very top of your bounce you have
What factors influence PE? Weight and height
What factors influence KE? Mass and VelocityThermal electic eme nuclear chemical Mechanical
Water is boiled. The resulting steam is blown against high fan-like blades. The turning blades spin in a magnetic feild, producing electricity. The elcrticity is used to power a toaster in your house. Bread is toasted and then eaten. Describe, in order, t Water is boiled with thermal energy, which makes the fan blades spin using mechanical energy. They produce enrgy by using electrical energy. The toaster uses thermal energy to heat the bread, which has chemical bonds in it, that have chemical energy insid
Describe the big bang and the events that occured right after it. First, all the energy in the universe was squeezed into a "singularity." it expanded into what is now aur universe in 10-34ths of a second. Immediatly afterwards came Electromagnetsm, gravity, nucleaur forces. There also came elementary particles, and mat
What eveidence do we have to support the Big Bang theory? First off, we have found cosmic backround radiation, left over from the big bang. Second, we can use the parralec effect to prove that the universe is still expanding from the Big Bang.
How does the parralex effect vary with distance? The furthur you are from the object, the smaller it's shift is going to be.
How does the parralex shift vary with a change of the baseline? The bigger the baseline is, the bigger the object's shift is going to be.
star A is 3 times further from the earth than star B. Which star will have the greater parralex? Star B, because the closer an object is, the bigger it's parralex.
Mass of proton 1 amu
mass of neutron 1.0019 amu
mass of electron 1/1836 amu
Charge of a proton +1 (two up quarks, one down quark)
Charge of a neutron 0 (two down quarks, one up quark)
Charge of an electron -1
Make up of a protons 1 up quark (+2/3) + 1 up quark (+2/3) + 1 down quark (-1/3)2/3 + 2/3 + -1/3
Make up of a neutron One up quark (+2/3) + One down quark (-1/3) + One down quark (-1/3)-1/3 + -1/3 + 2/3
Make up of an electron Fundamental, arn't made up of anything.
Why do scientist need to use inderect evidence to learn about the atom? Because they can't learn much with out it because atoms are so small it's practically impossible to see them.
Democritus 400 BC, no model, sdtated that atoms were the building blocks of matter
Dalton 1810, thought atoms were tiny indivisible spheres
J.J. Thompson 1897, discovered electrons, had the "plum pudding model"
Nagaoka 1904, model resembled aur solar system
Rutherford 1911, model was the first to have a nucleus, discovered protons
Bohr 1913, thought that each electrons had a specific path, and that they were closer or further to the nucleus depending on how much energy was in them
Chadwick 1932, Discovered neutrons
Created by: cinnamonpeaches