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West African lion facing extinction

Two west African lion cubs

It would be very easy for small, isolated populations to be wiped out over the next five to 10 years, say the lead researcher (Source: Phillip Henscel/Panthera)


Just around 400 of the animals were thought to have survived across 17 countries, according to the paper published in scientific journal PLOS ONE.

"These lions are standing on a cliff looking at the chasm of extinction," says Luke Hunter, one of the paper's authors and president of wild cat conservation group Panthera.

"It would be very easy for small, isolated populations to be wiped out over the next five to 10 years."

Fewer than 250 of the survivors were mature cats, capable of breeding, the study says. But even that ability to produce cubs was limited by the fact they were spread across wide areas in groups that often did not have enough lionesses to sustain a population.

The study says there had been no comprehensive study of the size of past populations, though Hunter says there would at one stage have been "many tens of thousands" of lions.

The study, led by Panthera, says they were now only present in 1.1 per cent of their original habitat and recommended they should be classified as "critically endangered".

Conservation efforts in a region known for its poverty and political instability have been weak compared to other parts of Africa, and the population density is about 15 times lower compared with lions in east Africa, the study says.

Co-author Dr Lauren Coad, a research fellow at the University of Queensland and University of Oxford, says West Africa's protected areas needed international funding and support.

"Our findings suggest that many of the West African protected areas still supporting lion populations are chronically underfunded and understaffed," says Coad.


Parks in the region typically had four staff or fewer per 100 square kilometres, it adds.

One of the main reasons for the decline was the conversion of habitat into farm land. Others included sharp falls in the numbers of antelope, buffalo, and other prey, and villagers killing lions in revenge for the loss of livestock.

"It's become very complicated for this carnivore at the top of the food chain to find enough space and food to survive," says Hunter.

The West African lion, a relatively slender animal with a thin mane, is genetically distinct from the rest of the African species.
