255 fluid electrolyte 3

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255 fluid electrolyte 3
2013-09-01 16:00:20
255 fluid electrolyte

255 fluid electrolyte 3
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  1. ADH is released by the .....
    posterior pituitary gland
  2. ADHs release is triggered by the....
    osomlarity of the blood in the internal carotid
  3. ADH alters what in the kidney? Which causes what?
    • ADH alters the renal collecting duct permeability to water
    • causing water to be reabsorbed
  4. there are a number of factors that influence thirst. What are they
    • plasma osmolarity
    • plasma volume
    • pharyngeal mucous membranes
    • angiotensin
    • psychological factors
  5. what is the main regulator of ADH
    serum osmolality
  6. what is an osmotic diuretic?
    • something that attracts water
    • like glucose
  7. what is the main negatively charged intravascular fluid anion
    albumin (a plasma protein)
  8. ADH is made where
    in the hypothalamus
  9. ADH is stored ans secreted from
    the posterior pituitary
  10. ADH acts on the
    renal collecting tubules to regulate reabsorption of water
  11. Aldosterone is produced by the
    adrenal cortex
  12. Aldosterone acts on the
    renal distal convoluted tubule
  13. Aldosterone regulates water reabsorption by
    increasing sodium uptake from tubular fluid of the kidney into the blood
  14. explain the RAAS
    • Decreased blood volume stimulates the kidney to release renin.
    • Renin causes angiotensinogen (plasma protein) to split and produce Angiotensin I
    • The lungs convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II
    • Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal gland to release aldosterone
  15. Glucocorticoids promote reabsorption of
    • H2O and Na+
    • which causes and increase in total blood volume
  16. prostaglandins are
    naturally occurring fatty acids which function in a variety f processes including maintenance of renal blood flow
  17. Factors which reduce renal blood flow and thereby cause prostaglandin release include
    • vasconstriction of the renal vessels
    • decrease in total blood volume
    • decrease in blood flow to the kidney because of heart failure
  18. prostaglandin release causes what
    vasodilation of the renal capillaries which increases blood flow to the kidneys
  19. if blood pressure or blood volume increases the baroreceptors in the heart do what...
    which causes....
    • stretch
    • the parasympathetic centers to reduce the HR and cause vasodilation, which lowers blood pressure
  20. if blood pressure or blood volume decreases, the input to the medulla activates the
    sympathetic nervous system which increases the HR and causes vasoconstriction, raising BP
  21. a decrease in serum protein (decreased colloid osmotic pressure) can be caused by what
    • malnutrtion
    • burns
    • nephrosis
    • liver disease
  22. name three things that cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
    • inflammation
    • burns
    • allergic reactions
  23. normal serum potassium =
    3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
  24. normal serum sodium
    135 - 145 mEq/?