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Order Foraminifera
Suborder Fusulinina
Suberfamily Endothyracea

Endothyracea are planospirally to streptospirally coiled, septate Fusulinina that may become uncoiled and straight in the later growth stage. The wall is calcarous, microgranular, may have two or three distinct layers, and may have aggulinated particles.

As now perceived, as in Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, the Endothyracea contains the Endothyridae, as revised, with the subfamlies Endostaffellinae, Endothyrinae, Haplophragmellinae, and Endothyranoposinae.

In the older perspective of the Treatise (Loeblich and Tappan, 1964) the Endothyracea was a much larger and more encompassing group, containing taxa now defined as distinct superfamilies in their own right. Once given a range that extended from the Lower Silurian to the Triassic, the Endothyracea as redefined has a more limited range from the Upper Devonian to the Lower Permian.


Loeblich, A. R Jr and H Tappan 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part C Protista 2. R.C. Moore, ed. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas press.

___ --___ 1988. Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. VanNostrand Reinhold. New York N.Y. On line at [1]

Credits: John M. 19 April 2011

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