Social Psychology - David G Myers (10th Edition) Chapter 5-9

Social Psychology - David G Myers (10th Edition) Chapter 5-9  - Genes, Gender, & Culture - Conformity - Social Influence  - Persuasion - Groups 

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Side ASide B
natural selection * Evolutionary psychology 
the study of evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection 
Standards for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior. ( what others...
personal space 
the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies - size depends on our familiarity with...
characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced by which people define male and...
vicarious experience of anothers feelings; putting oneself in another's shoes 
physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone - in lab experiments it may mean delivering...
from andro(man) + gyn(woman) - thus mixing both masculine and feminine characteristics 
gender role
set of behavior expectations (norms) for males and females
a relationship in which the effect of one factor (such as biology) depends on another factor...
change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagines group pressure Asch's research...
conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while...
acting in accord with a direct order or command 
conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure 
autokinetic phenomenon 
self (auto) motion (kinetic) - the apparent movement of stationary point of light in the dark...
"we feeling" ; the extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction...
normative influence 
conformity based on a persons desire to fulfill others expectations, often gain acceptance 
informational influence 
conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people 
a motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom. reactance arises when someone threatens...
central route to persuasion 
peripheral route to persuasion
occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as speaker's attractiveness 
believability. a credible communicator is perceived as both expert and trustworthy 
sleeper effect 
delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message become effective,...
having qualities that appeal to an audience. an appealing communicator (often someone similar...
primary effect 
other things being equal information presented first usually has the most influence 
recency effect 
information presented last sometimes has the most influence. recency effects are less common...
channel of communication 
the way the message is delivered - whether face-to-face, in writing, on film, or in some other...
two-step flow of communication 
process by which media influence often occurs through opinion leaders, who in turn influence...
need for cognition 
motivation to think and analyze. assessed by agreement with items such as "The notion of thinking...
group typically characterized by 1. distinctive ritual and beliefs related to its devotion...
attitude inoculation 
exposing people to weak attacks upon their attitudes so that when stronger attacks come, they...
two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another...
co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity 
social facilitation 
1. tendency to perform simple or well- learned tasks better wen others are present  2....
evaluation apprehension 
concern for how others are evaluating us 
social loafing 
the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal...
free riders 
people who benefit from the group but give little in return 
loss of self-awareness and evaluations apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster...
group polarization 
group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies; a strengthening of the members'...
pluralistic ignorance 
social comparison 
evaluating ones opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others 
concurrence - seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override...
the process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group 
task leadership 
leadership that organizes work, sets standards, and focuses on goals 
social leadership 
leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support 
transformational leadership 
cultural diversity 
the diversity of languages, customs, and behaviors between cultures 
culturual similarity 
- "essential universality" between cultures (incest taboo) 
gender difference in age preference of a mate 
woman marry older men marry younger women (except teenage men) 
evolutionary theory 
cultures study: across cultures, men value youth/beauty women value earning potential/resources 
social role theory 
find women's economic power accounts for variations in sex differences in mate preference 
critique of evolutionary approach 
hindsight? lack of experimental data 
evolutionary perspective 
seeks to understand behaviors in their evolutionary contexts
cultural perspective
seeks to understand behavor in a cultural context - socially programmed (diversity and similarity) 
social influence happens when...
you know something is wrong, factually or morally when you are under the pressure to do...
Ciadini's 6 compliance principles 
reciprocation commitment/consistencyauthoritysocial validationscarcityliking/friendship 
A social norm – gift giving and receiving Obligation of repayment Discovered in...
We tend to act in ways consistent with past behaviorDoor-to-door sales: –problem...
More likely to comply with someone in authority (real or imagined)
social validation 
Do things when we see others doing them (normative social influence).  Buy...
Things that are in short supply seem more valuable.
People are more likely to say yes to people they know and like. Compliments: an...
changing one’s behavior in response to a directive from an authority figure...
Factors that Affect social influence
- group size - unanimity or consensus- uncertainty of the situation - status-public...

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