diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/__init__.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/__init__.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/__init__.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/__init__.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     ExpRefInfo,
 )
 from .stash import ExpStashEntry
-from .utils import exp_refs_by_rev, scm_locked, unlocked_repo
+from .utils import exp_refs_by_rev, unlocked_repo
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -50,18 +50,12 @@ class Experiments:
     )
 
     def __init__(self, repo):
-        from dvc.lock import make_lock
         from dvc.scm import NoSCMError
 
         if repo.config["core"].get("no_scm", False):
             raise NoSCMError
 
         self.repo = repo
-        self.scm_lock = make_lock(
-            os.path.join(self.repo.tmp_dir, "exp_scm_lock"),
-            tmp_dir=self.repo.tmp_dir,
-            hardlink_lock=repo.config["core"].get("hardlink_lock", False),
-        )
 
     @property
     def scm(self):
@@ -253,7 +247,6 @@ def _validate_new_ref(self, exp_ref: ExpRefInfo):
         if self.scm.get_ref(str(exp_ref)):
             raise ExperimentExistsError(exp_ref.name)
 
-    @scm_locked
     def new(
         self,
         queue: BaseStashQueue,
@@ -279,7 +272,6 @@ def new(
         except ExperimentExistsError as err:
             if not (kwargs.get("force", False) or kwargs.get("reset", False)):
                 raise err
-
         return queue.put(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def _resume_checkpoint(
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/base.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/base.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/base.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/base.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     Callable,
     Dict,
     Iterable,
+    List,
     NamedTuple,
     Optional,
     Tuple,
@@ -34,17 +35,7 @@
     ExperimentExistsError,
     UnchangedExperimentError,
 )
-from ..refs import (
-    EXEC_BASELINE,
-    EXEC_BRANCH,
-    EXEC_CHECKPOINT,
-    EXEC_HEAD,
-    EXEC_MERGE,
-    EXEC_NAMESPACE,
-    EXPS_NAMESPACE,
-    EXPS_STASH,
-    ExpRefInfo,
-)
+from ..refs import EXEC_BASELINE, EXEC_BRANCH, EXEC_CHECKPOINT, ExpRefInfo
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from queue import Queue
@@ -58,10 +49,6 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-EXEC_TMP_DIR = "exps"
-EXEC_PID_DIR = "run"
-
-
 class ExecutorResult(NamedTuple):
     exp_hash: Optional[str]
     ref_info: Optional["ExpRefInfo"]
@@ -172,6 +159,7 @@ def __init__(
     @abstractmethod
     def init_git(
         self,
+        repo: "Repo",
         scm: "Git",
         stash_rev: str,
         entry: "ExpStashEntry",
@@ -319,6 +307,7 @@ def unpack_repro_args(path):
     def fetch_exps(
         self,
         dest_scm: "Git",
+        refs: List[str],
         force: bool = False,
         on_diverged: Callable[[str, bool], None] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -327,26 +316,19 @@ def fetch_exps(
 
         Args:
             dest_scm: Destination Git instance.
+            refs: reference names to be fetched from the remotes.
             force: If True, diverged refs will be overwritten
             on_diverged: Callback in the form on_diverged(ref, is_checkpoint)
                 to be called when an experiment ref has diverged.
 
         Extra kwargs will be passed into the remote git client.
         """
-        from ..utils import iter_remote_refs
-
-        refs = []
-        has_checkpoint = False
-        for ref in iter_remote_refs(
-            dest_scm,
-            self.git_url,
-            base=EXPS_NAMESPACE,
-            **kwargs,
-        ):
-            if ref == EXEC_CHECKPOINT:
-                has_checkpoint = True
-            elif not ref.startswith(EXEC_NAMESPACE) and ref != EXPS_STASH:
-                refs.append(ref)
+
+        if EXEC_CHECKPOINT in refs:
+            refs.remove(EXEC_CHECKPOINT)
+            has_checkpoint = True
+        else:
+            has_checkpoint = False
 
         def on_diverged_ref(orig_ref: str, new_rev: str):
             if force:
@@ -755,21 +737,12 @@ def _set_log_level(level):
             dvc_logger.setLevel(level)
 
     @contextmanager
-    def set_exec_refs(
-        self, scm: "Git", stash_rev: str, entry: "ExpStashEntry"
-    ):
+    def set_temp_refs(self, scm: "Git", temp_dict: Dict[str, str]):
         try:
-            # Executor will be initialized with an empty git repo that
-            # we populate by pushing:
-            #   EXEC_HEAD - the base commit for this experiment
-            #   EXEC_MERGE - the unmerged changes (from our stash)
-            #       to be reproduced
-            #   EXEC_BASELINE - the baseline commit for this experiment
-            scm.set_ref(EXEC_HEAD, entry.head_rev)
-            scm.set_ref(EXEC_MERGE, stash_rev)
-            scm.set_ref(EXEC_BASELINE, entry.baseline_rev)
+            for ref, rev in temp_dict.items():
+                scm.set_ref(ref, rev)
             yield
         finally:
-            for ref in (EXEC_HEAD, EXEC_MERGE, EXEC_BASELINE):
+            for ref in temp_dict:
                 if scm.get_ref(ref):
                     scm.remove_ref(ref)
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/local.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/local.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/local.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/local.py
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
-from funcy import cached_property
+from funcy import cached_property, retry
 from scmrepo.exceptions import SCMError as _SCMError
+from shortuuid import uuid
 
+from dvc.lock import LockError
 from dvc.scm import SCM, GitMergeError
 from dvc.utils.fs import makedirs, remove
 
@@ -18,8 +20,10 @@
     EXEC_HEAD,
     EXEC_MERGE,
     EXEC_NAMESPACE,
+    EXPS_TEMP,
 )
-from .base import EXEC_TMP_DIR, BaseExecutor, TaskStatus
+from ..utils import EXEC_TMP_DIR, get_exp_rwlock
+from .base import BaseExecutor, TaskStatus
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from scmrepo.git import Git
@@ -67,8 +71,10 @@ class TempDirExecutor(BaseLocalExecutor):
     QUIET = True
     DEFAULT_LOCATION = "tempdir"
 
+    @retry(180, errors=LockError, timeout=1)
     def init_git(
         self,
+        repo: "Repo",
         scm: "Git",
         stash_rev: str,
         entry: "ExpStashEntry",
@@ -85,18 +91,43 @@ def init_git(
         if infofile:
             self.info.dump_json(infofile)
 
-        with self.set_exec_refs(scm, stash_rev, entry):
-            refspec = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/"
-            push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, refspec, refspec)
-
-        if branch:
-            push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, branch, branch)
-            self.scm.set_ref(EXEC_BRANCH, branch, symbolic=True)
-        elif self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_BRANCH):
-            self.scm.remove_ref(EXEC_BRANCH)
+        temp_head = f"{EXPS_TEMP}/head-{uuid()}"
+        temp_merge = f"{EXPS_TEMP}/merge-{uuid()}"
+        temp_baseline = f"{EXPS_TEMP}/baseline-{uuid()}"
+
+        temp_ref_dict = {
+            temp_head: entry.head_rev,
+            temp_merge: stash_rev,
+            temp_baseline: entry.baseline_rev,
+        }
+        with get_exp_rwlock(
+            repo, writes=[temp_head, temp_merge, temp_baseline]
+        ), self.set_temp_refs(scm, temp_ref_dict):
+            # Executor will be initialized with an empty git repo that
+            # we populate by pushing:
+            #   EXEC_HEAD - the base commit for this experiment
+            #   EXEC_MERGE - the unmerged changes (from our stash)
+            #       to be reproduced
+            #   EXEC_BASELINE - the baseline commit for this experiment
+            refspec = [
+                (temp_head, EXEC_HEAD),
+                (temp_merge, EXEC_MERGE),
+                (temp_baseline, EXEC_BASELINE),
+            ]
+
+            if branch:
+                refspec.append((branch, branch))
+                with get_exp_rwlock(repo, reads=[branch]):
+                    push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, refspec)
+                self.scm.set_ref(EXEC_BRANCH, branch, symbolic=True)
+            else:
+                push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, refspec)
+                if self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_BRANCH):
+                    self.scm.remove_ref(EXEC_BRANCH)
+
+            if self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_CHECKPOINT):
+                self.scm.remove_ref(EXEC_CHECKPOINT)
 
-        if self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_CHECKPOINT):
-            self.scm.remove_ref(EXEC_CHECKPOINT)
         # checkout EXEC_HEAD and apply EXEC_MERGE on top of it without
         # committing
         head = EXEC_BRANCH if branch else EXEC_HEAD
@@ -167,8 +198,10 @@ def from_stash_entry(
         logger.debug("Init workspace executor in '%s'", root_dir)
         return executor
 
+    @retry(180, errors=LockError, timeout=1)
     def init_git(
         self,
+        repo: "Repo",
         scm: "Git",
         stash_rev: str,
         entry: "ExpStashEntry",
@@ -179,25 +212,26 @@ def init_git(
         if infofile:
             self.info.dump_json(infofile)
 
-        scm.set_ref(EXEC_HEAD, entry.head_rev)
-        scm.set_ref(EXEC_MERGE, stash_rev)
-        scm.set_ref(EXEC_BASELINE, entry.baseline_rev)
-        self._detach_stack.enter_context(
-            self.scm.detach_head(
-                self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_HEAD),
-                force=True,
-                client="dvc",
+        with get_exp_rwlock(repo, writes=[EXEC_NAMESPACE]):
+            scm.set_ref(EXEC_HEAD, entry.head_rev)
+            scm.set_ref(EXEC_MERGE, stash_rev)
+            scm.set_ref(EXEC_BASELINE, entry.baseline_rev)
+            self._detach_stack.enter_context(
+                self.scm.detach_head(
+                    self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_HEAD),
+                    force=True,
+                    client="dvc",
+                )
             )
-        )
-        merge_rev = self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_MERGE)
-        try:
-            self.scm.merge(merge_rev, squash=True, commit=False)
-        except _SCMError as exc:
-            raise GitMergeError(str(exc), scm=self.scm)
-        if branch:
-            self.scm.set_ref(EXEC_BRANCH, branch, symbolic=True)
-        elif scm.get_ref(EXEC_BRANCH):
-            self.scm.remove_ref(EXEC_BRANCH)
+            merge_rev = self.scm.get_ref(EXEC_MERGE)
+            try:
+                self.scm.merge(merge_rev, squash=True, commit=False)
+            except _SCMError as exc:
+                raise GitMergeError(str(exc), scm=self.scm)
+            if branch:
+                self.scm.set_ref(EXEC_BRANCH, branch, symbolic=True)
+            elif scm.get_ref(EXEC_BRANCH):
+                self.scm.remove_ref(EXEC_BRANCH)
 
     def init_cache(self, repo: "Repo", rev: str, run_cache: bool = True):
         pass
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/ssh.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/ssh.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/ssh.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/executor/ssh.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from funcy import first
 
 from ..refs import (
+    EXEC_BASELINE,
     EXEC_BRANCH,
     EXEC_CHECKPOINT,
     EXEC_HEAD,
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ def _git_client_args(fs):
 
     def init_git(
         self,
+        repo: "Repo",
         scm: "Git",
         stash_rev: str,
         entry: "ExpStashEntry",
@@ -147,12 +149,18 @@ def init_git(
             # (see https://github.com/iterative/dvc/issues/6508)
             kwargs = self._git_client_args(fs)
 
-            with self.set_exec_refs(scm, stash_rev, entry):
-                refspec = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/"
-                push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, refspec, refspec, **kwargs)
+            ref_dict = {
+                EXEC_HEAD: entry.head_rev,
+                EXEC_MERGE: stash_rev,
+                EXEC_BASELINE: entry.baseline_rev,
+            }
+            with self.set_temp_refs(scm, ref_dict):
+                exec_namespace = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/"
+                refspec = [(exec_namespace, exec_namespace)]
+                push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, refspec, **kwargs)
 
             if branch:
-                push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, branch, branch, **kwargs)
+                push_refspec(scm, self.git_url, [(branch, branch)], **kwargs)
                 self._ssh_cmd(fs, f"git symbolic-ref {EXEC_BRANCH} {branch}")
             else:
                 self._ssh_cmd(
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/base.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/base.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/base.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/base.py
@@ -26,16 +26,12 @@
 from dvc.ui import ui
 
 from ..exceptions import CheckpointExistsError, ExperimentExistsError
-from ..executor.base import (
-    EXEC_PID_DIR,
-    EXEC_TMP_DIR,
-    BaseExecutor,
-    ExecutorResult,
-)
+from ..executor.base import BaseExecutor, ExecutorResult
 from ..executor.local import WorkspaceExecutor
 from ..refs import ExpRefInfo
 from ..stash import ExpStash, ExpStashEntry
-from ..utils import exp_refs_by_rev, scm_locked
+from ..utils import EXEC_PID_DIR, EXEC_TMP_DIR, exp_refs_by_rev, get_exp_rwlock
+from .utils import get_remote_executor_refs
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from scmrepo.git import Git
@@ -555,28 +551,39 @@ def _update_params(self, params: Dict[str, List[str]]):
 
     @staticmethod
     @retry(180, errors=LockError, timeout=1)
-    @scm_locked
+    def get_stash_entry(
+        exp: "Experiments",
+        queue_entry: QueueEntry,
+    ) -> "ExpStashEntry":
+        stash = ExpStash(exp.scm, queue_entry.stash_ref)
+        stash_rev = queue_entry.stash_rev
+        with get_exp_rwlock(exp.repo, writes=[queue_entry.stash_ref]):
+            stash_entry = stash.stash_revs.get(
+                stash_rev,
+                ExpStashEntry(None, stash_rev, stash_rev, None, None),
+            )
+            if stash_entry.stash_index is not None:
+                stash.drop(stash_entry.stash_index)
+        return stash_entry
+
+    @classmethod
     def init_executor(
+        cls,
         exp: "Experiments",
         queue_entry: QueueEntry,
         executor_cls: Type[BaseExecutor] = WorkspaceExecutor,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> BaseExecutor:
-        scm = exp.scm
-        stash = ExpStash(scm, queue_entry.stash_ref)
-        stash_rev = queue_entry.stash_rev
-        stash_entry = stash.stash_revs.get(
-            stash_rev,
-            ExpStashEntry(None, stash_rev, stash_rev, None, None),
-        )
-        if stash_entry.stash_index is not None:
-            stash.drop(stash_entry.stash_index)
+        stash_entry = cls.get_stash_entry(exp, queue_entry)
+
         executor = executor_cls.from_stash_entry(
             exp.repo, stash_entry, **kwargs
         )
 
+        stash_rev = queue_entry.stash_rev
         infofile = exp.celery_queue.get_infofile_path(stash_rev)
         executor.init_git(
+            exp.repo,
             exp.repo.scm,
             stash_rev,
             stash_entry,
@@ -597,7 +604,6 @@ def get_infofile_path(self, name: str) -> str:
 
     @staticmethod
     @retry(180, errors=LockError, timeout=1)
-    @scm_locked
     def collect_git(
         exp: "Experiments",
         executor: BaseExecutor,
@@ -611,16 +617,20 @@ def on_diverged(ref: str, checkpoint: bool):
                 raise CheckpointExistsError(ref_info.name)
             raise ExperimentExistsError(ref_info.name)
 
-        for ref in executor.fetch_exps(
-            exp.scm,
-            force=exec_result.force,
-            on_diverged=on_diverged,
-        ):
-            exp_rev = exp.scm.get_ref(ref)
-            if exp_rev:
-                assert exec_result.exp_hash
-                logger.debug("Collected experiment '%s'.", exp_rev[:7])
-                results[exp_rev] = exec_result.exp_hash
+        refs = get_remote_executor_refs(exp.scm, executor.git_url)
+
+        with get_exp_rwlock(exp.repo, writes=refs):
+            for ref in executor.fetch_exps(
+                exp.scm,
+                refs,
+                force=exec_result.force,
+                on_diverged=on_diverged,
+            ):
+                exp_rev = exp.scm.get_ref(ref)
+                if exp_rev:
+                    assert exec_result.exp_hash
+                    logger.debug("Collected experiment '%s'.", exp_rev[:7])
+                    results[exp_rev] = exec_result.exp_hash
 
         return results
 
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/celery.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/celery.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/celery.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/celery.py
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 from dvc.ui import ui
 
 from ..exceptions import UnresolvedQueueExpNamesError
-from ..executor.base import EXEC_TMP_DIR, ExecutorInfo, ExecutorResult
+from ..executor.base import ExecutorInfo, ExecutorResult
+from ..refs import CELERY_STASH
+from ..utils import EXEC_TMP_DIR, get_exp_rwlock
 from .base import BaseStashQueue, QueueDoneResult, QueueEntry, QueueGetResult
 from .exceptions import CannotKillTasksError
 from .tasks import run_exp
@@ -164,7 +166,8 @@ def start_workers(self, count: int) -> int:
 
     def put(self, *args, **kwargs) -> QueueEntry:
         """Stash an experiment and add it to the queue."""
-        entry = self._stash_exp(*args, **kwargs)
+        with get_exp_rwlock(self.repo, writes=["workspace", CELERY_STASH]):
+            entry = self._stash_exp(*args, **kwargs)
         self.celery.signature(run_exp.s(entry.asdict())).delay()
         return entry
 
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tasks.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tasks.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tasks.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tasks.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict
 
 from celery import shared_task
 from celery.utils.log import get_task_logger
@@ -7,11 +7,15 @@
 from ..executor.local import TempDirExecutor
 from .base import BaseStashQueue, QueueEntry
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..executor.base import BaseExecutor
+
+
 logger = get_task_logger(__name__)
 
 
 @shared_task
-def setup_exp(entry_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> TempDirExecutor:
+def setup_exp(entry_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "BaseExecutor":
     """Setup an experiment.
 
     Arguments:
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tempdir.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tempdir.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tempdir.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/tempdir.py
@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@
 
 from ..exceptions import ExpQueueEmptyError
 from ..executor.base import (
-    EXEC_PID_DIR,
-    EXEC_TMP_DIR,
     BaseExecutor,
     ExecutorInfo,
     ExecutorResult,
     TaskStatus,
 )
 from ..executor.local import TempDirExecutor
+from ..utils import EXEC_PID_DIR, EXEC_TMP_DIR
 from .base import BaseStashQueue, QueueEntry, QueueGetResult
 from .utils import fetch_running_exp_from_temp_dir
 from .workspace import WorkspaceQueue
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/utils.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/utils.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/utils.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/utils.py
@@ -1,17 +1,40 @@
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List
 
 from scmrepo.exceptions import SCMError
 
 from ..executor.base import ExecutorInfo, TaskStatus
+from ..refs import EXEC_CHECKPOINT, EXEC_NAMESPACE, EXPS_NAMESPACE, EXPS_STASH
+from ..utils import get_exp_rwlock, iter_remote_refs
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from scmrepo.git import Git
+
     from .base import BaseStashQueue
 
 
+def get_remote_executor_refs(scm: "Git", remote_url: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Get result list refs from a remote repository
+
+    Args:
+        remote_url : remote executor's url
+    """
+    refs = []
+    for ref in iter_remote_refs(
+        scm,
+        remote_url,
+        base=EXPS_NAMESPACE,
+    ):
+        if ref == EXEC_CHECKPOINT or (
+            not ref.startswith(EXEC_NAMESPACE) and ref != EXPS_STASH
+        ):
+            refs.append(ref)
+    return refs
+
+
 def fetch_running_exp_from_temp_dir(
     queue: "BaseStashQueue", rev: str, fetch_refs: bool
 ) -> Dict[str, Dict]:
@@ -45,15 +68,18 @@ def on_diverged(_ref: str, _checkpoint: bool):
 
             executor = TempDirExecutor.from_info(info)
             try:
-                for ref in executor.fetch_exps(
-                    queue.scm,
-                    on_diverged=on_diverged,
-                ):
-                    logger.debug("Updated running experiment '%s'.", ref)
-                    last_rev = queue.scm.get_ref(ref)
-                    result[rev]["last"] = last_rev
-                    if last_rev:
-                        result[last_rev] = info.asdict()
+                refs = get_remote_executor_refs(queue.scm, executor.git_url)
+                with get_exp_rwlock(queue.repo, writes=refs):
+                    for ref in executor.fetch_exps(
+                        queue.scm,
+                        refs,
+                        on_diverged=on_diverged,
+                    ):
+                        logger.debug("Updated running experiment '%s'.", ref)
+                        last_rev = queue.scm.get_ref(ref)
+                        result[rev]["last"] = last_rev
+                        if last_rev:
+                            result[last_rev] = info.asdict()
             except (InvalidRemoteSCMRepo, SCMError):
                 # ignore stale info files
                 del result[rev]
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/workspace.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/workspace.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/workspace.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/workspace.py
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
     TaskStatus,
 )
 from ..executor.local import WorkspaceExecutor
-from ..refs import EXEC_BRANCH
+from ..refs import EXEC_BRANCH, WORKSPACE_STASH
+from ..utils import get_exp_rwlock
 from .base import BaseStashQueue, QueueDoneResult, QueueEntry, QueueGetResult
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ class WorkspaceQueue(BaseStashQueue):
     _EXEC_NAME: Optional[str] = "workspace"
 
     def put(self, *args, **kwargs) -> QueueEntry:
-        return self._stash_exp(*args, **kwargs)
+        with get_exp_rwlock(self.repo, writes=["workspace", WORKSPACE_STASH]):
+            return self._stash_exp(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def get(self) -> QueueGetResult:
         revs = self.stash.stash_revs
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/refs.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/refs.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/refs.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/refs.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 EXEC_BASELINE = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/EXEC_BASELINE"
 EXEC_HEAD = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/EXEC_HEAD"
 EXEC_MERGE = f"{EXEC_NAMESPACE}/EXEC_MERGE"
+EXPS_TEMP = f"{EXPS_NAMESPACE}/temp"
 STASHES = {WORKSPACE_STASH, CELERY_STASH}
 
 
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/remove.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/remove.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/remove.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/remove.py
@@ -152,8 +152,7 @@ def _remove_commited_exps(
                 push_refspec(
                     scm,
                     remote,
-                    None,
-                    str(ref_info),
+                    [(None, str(ref_info))],
                     progress=pbar.update_git,
                 )
     else:
diff --git a/dvc/repo/experiments/utils.py b/dvc/repo/experiments/utils.py
--- a/dvc/repo/experiments/utils.py
+++ b/dvc/repo/experiments/utils.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+import os
+import sys
 from collections import defaultdict
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
     Callable,
     Dict,
     Generator,
@@ -9,6 +12,7 @@
     Mapping,
     Optional,
     Set,
+    Tuple,
     Union,
 )
 
@@ -16,6 +20,7 @@
 
 from dvc.exceptions import InvalidArgumentError
 from dvc.repo.experiments.exceptions import AmbiguousExpRefInfo
+from dvc.rwlock import rwlock
 
 from .refs import (
     EXEC_APPLY,
@@ -28,18 +33,34 @@
     ExpRefInfo,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from dvc.repo import Repo
 
-def scm_locked(f):
-    # Lock the experiments workspace so that we don't try to perform two
-    # different sequences of git operations at once
-    @wraps(f)
-    def wrapper(exp, *args, **kwargs):
-        from dvc.scm import map_scm_exception
 
-        with map_scm_exception(), exp.scm_lock:
-            return f(exp, *args, **kwargs)
+EXEC_TMP_DIR = "exps"
+EXEC_PID_DIR = "run"
 
-    return wrapper
+
+def get_exp_rwlock(
+    repo: "Repo",
+    reads: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    writes: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+):
+    reads = reads or []
+    writes = writes or []
+
+    cmd = " ".join(sys.argv)
+    path = os.path.join(repo.tmp_dir, EXEC_TMP_DIR)
+    repo.fs.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+
+    return rwlock(
+        path,
+        repo.fs,
+        cmd,
+        reads,
+        writes,
+        repo.config["core"].get("hardlink_lock", False),
+    )
 
 
 def unlocked_repo(f):
@@ -108,8 +129,7 @@ def iter_remote_refs(
 def push_refspec(
     scm: "Git",
     url: str,
-    src: Optional[str],
-    dest: str,
+    push_list=List[Tuple[Optional[str], str]],
     force: bool = False,
     on_diverged: Optional[Callable[[str, str], bool]] = None,
     **kwargs,
@@ -119,20 +139,21 @@ def push_refspec(
 
     from ...scm import GitAuthError, SCMError
 
-    if not src:
-        refspecs = [f":{dest}"]
-    elif src.endswith("/"):
-        refspecs = []
-        dest = dest.rstrip("/") + "/"
-        for ref in scm.iter_refs(base=src):
-            refname = ref.split("/")[-1]
-            refspecs.append(f"{ref}:{dest}{refname}")
-    else:
-        if dest.endswith("/"):
-            refname = src.split("/")[-1]
-            refspecs = [f"{src}:{dest}/{refname}"]
+    refspecs = []
+    for src, dest in push_list:
+        if not src:
+            refspecs.append(f":{dest}")
+        elif src.endswith("/"):
+            dest = dest.rstrip("/") + "/"
+            for ref in scm.iter_refs(base=src):
+                refname = ref.split("/")[-1]
+                refspecs.append(f"{ref}:{dest}{refname}")
         else:
-            refspecs = [f"{src}:{dest}"]
+            if dest.endswith("/"):
+                refname = src.split("/")[-1]
+                refspecs.append(f"{src}:{dest}/{refname}")
+            else:
+                refspecs.append(f"{src}:{dest}")
 
     try:
         results = scm.push_refspecs(
diff --git a/dvc/rwlock.py b/dvc/rwlock.py
--- a/dvc/rwlock.py
+++ b/dvc/rwlock.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 
+import psutil
 from voluptuous import Invalid, Optional, Required, Schema
 
 from .exceptions import DvcException
@@ -72,35 +73,67 @@ def _infos_to_str(infos):
     )
 
 
-def _check_blockers(lock, info, *, mode, waiters):
+def _check_blockers(tmp_dir, lock, info, *, mode, waiters):
     from .lock import LockError
 
-    for waiter_path in waiters:
-        blockers = [
-            blocker
-            for path, infos in lock[mode].items()
-            if localfs.path.overlaps(waiter_path, path)
-            for blocker in (infos if isinstance(infos, list) else [infos])
-            if blocker != info
-        ]
+    non_existing_pid = set()
 
-        if not blockers:
+    blockers = []
+    to_release = defaultdict(list)
+    for path, infos in lock[mode].items():
+        for waiter_path in waiters:
+            if localfs.path.overlaps(waiter_path, path):
+                break
+        else:
             continue
 
+        infos = infos if isinstance(infos, list) else [infos]
+        for blocker in infos:
+            if blocker == info:
+                continue
+
+            pid = int(blocker["pid"])
+
+            if pid in non_existing_pid:
+                pass
+            elif psutil.pid_exists(pid):
+                blockers.append(blocker)
+                continue
+            else:
+                non_existing_pid.add(pid)
+                cmd = blocker["cmd"]
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Process '%s' with (Pid %s), in RWLock-file '%s'"
+                    " had been killed. Auto remove it from the lock file.",
+                    cmd,
+                    pid,
+                    relpath(path),
+                )
+            to_release[json.dumps(blocker, sort_keys=True)].append(path)
+
+    if to_release:
+        for info_json, path_list in to_release.items():
+            info = json.loads(info_json)
+            if mode == "read":
+                _release_read(lock, info, path_list)
+            elif mode == "write":
+                _release_write(lock, info, path_list)
+
+    if blockers:
         raise LockError(
-            "'{path}' is busy, it is being blocked by:\n"
-            "{blockers}\n"
+            f"'{waiter_path}' is busy, it is being blocked by:\n"
+            f"{_infos_to_str(blockers)}\n"
             "\n"
             "If there are no processes with such PIDs, you can manually "
-            "remove '.dvc/tmp/rwlock' and try again.".format(
-                path=waiter_path, blockers=_infos_to_str(blockers)
-            )
+            f"remove '{tmp_dir}/rwlock' and try again."
         )
 
 
 def _acquire_read(lock, info, paths):
     changes = []
 
+    lock["read"] = lock.get("read", defaultdict(list))
+
     for path in paths:
         readers = lock["read"][path]
         if info in readers:
@@ -115,6 +148,8 @@ def _acquire_read(lock, info, paths):
 def _acquire_write(lock, info, paths):
     changes = []
 
+    lock["write"] = lock.get("write", defaultdict(dict))
+
     for path in paths:
         if lock["write"][path] == info:
             continue
@@ -171,8 +206,10 @@ def rwlock(tmp_dir, fs, cmd, read, write, hardlink):
 
     with _edit_rwlock(tmp_dir, fs, hardlink) as lock:
 
-        _check_blockers(lock, info, mode="write", waiters=read + write)
-        _check_blockers(lock, info, mode="read", waiters=write)
+        _check_blockers(
+            tmp_dir, lock, info, mode="write", waiters=read + write
+        )
+        _check_blockers(tmp_dir, lock, info, mode="read", waiters=write)
 
         rchanges = _acquire_read(lock, info, read)
         wchanges = _acquire_write(lock, info, write)

Thanks @karajan1001! Is this causing a significant slowdown in queuing many experiments? Are there other issues caused by the current behavior?
> Thanks @karajan1001! Is this causing a significant slowdown in queuing many experiments? Are there other issues caused by the current behavior?

It depends on the complexity of the `Git` repo and the time cost of the training progress. The demo repo provided by the `vs-code` extension team is `Git` history complex and training quickly. This makes that it causes significant performance slowdown. By comparison, in my past experience, most of the ML repo is the opposite. Trainning costs hours or days, so it will only have a limited effect on time cost. But the problem is that most of the demos to show to the users would not be such a long training one.


@karajan1001 Is this during `exp run --queue` or during `queue start/exp run --run-all`? I'm not seeing anything that looks painfully slow when messing with queuing a few experiments in https://github.com/iterative/vscode-dvc-demo.
During `queue start -j n` when `n > 1`, this functionality hasn't been integrated into `vscode` extension. 
I'm starting from the command line using that repo. Are you seeing slowdown during `exp run --queue` or during `queue start`?
> I'm starting from the command line using that repo. Are you seeing slowdown during `exp run --queue` or during `queue start`?

It is not about slowdown but about the experiments running in sequence even if I started several workers. The reason for this is that we use an SCM lock during the initialization progress. And because 1. the workers are only reading each of the stashes, 2. The queue stashes are different for different workers. So we can make some modifications and then release the lock, and make the workers run in parallel.


> The queue stashes are different for different workers

Is this the way it's supposed to work? I would think they would consume tasks from the same queue.
> > The queue stashes are different for different workers
> 
> Is this the way it's supposed to work? I would think they would consume tasks from the same queue.

The queue itself is thread safety, but no one can guarantee that the stash queue is too. For example, If I use `git stash list` first to find the desired stash, and then want to `git stash pop stash@{n}` it. But in the interval time, some other processes did some operation on the stash queue. 
diff --git a/tests/func/experiments/executor/test_ssh.py b/tests/func/experiments/executor/test_ssh.py
--- a/tests/func/experiments/executor/test_ssh.py
+++ b/tests/func/experiments/executor/test_ssh.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_init_from_stash(tmp_dir, scm, dvc, machine_instance, mocker):
 
 @pytest.mark.needs_internet
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("cloud", [pytest.lazy_fixture("git_ssh")])
-def test_init_git(tmp_dir, scm, cloud, mocker):
+def test_init_git(tmp_dir, dvc, scm, cloud, mocker):
     tmp_dir.scm_gen({"foo": "foo", "dir": {"bar": "bar"}}, commit="init")
     baseline_rev = scm.get_rev()
     tmp_dir.gen("foo", "stashed")
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def test_init_git(tmp_dir, scm, cloud, mocker):
         fs_factory=partial(_ssh_factory, cloud),
     )
     infofile = str((root_url / "foo.run").path)
-    executor.init_git(scm, rev, mock, infofile=infofile)
+    executor.init_git(dvc, scm, rev, mock, infofile=infofile)
     assert root_url.path == executor._repo_abspath
 
     fs = cloud._ssh
diff --git a/tests/func/experiments/test_show.py b/tests/func/experiments/test_show.py
--- a/tests/func/experiments/test_show.py
+++ b/tests/func/experiments/test_show.py
@@ -10,15 +10,17 @@
 
 from dvc.cli import main
 from dvc.repo.experiments.executor.base import (
-    EXEC_PID_DIR,
-    EXEC_TMP_DIR,
     BaseExecutor,
     ExecutorInfo,
     TaskStatus,
 )
 from dvc.repo.experiments.queue.base import QueueEntry
 from dvc.repo.experiments.refs import CELERY_STASH, ExpRefInfo
-from dvc.repo.experiments.utils import exp_refs_by_rev
+from dvc.repo.experiments.utils import (
+    EXEC_PID_DIR,
+    EXEC_TMP_DIR,
+    exp_refs_by_rev,
+)
 from dvc.utils import relpath
 from dvc.utils.fs import makedirs
 from dvc.utils.serialize import YAMLFileCorruptedError
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_rwlock.py b/tests/unit/test_rwlock.py
--- a/tests/unit/test_rwlock.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_rwlock.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import os
 
 import pytest
@@ -105,3 +106,37 @@ def test_broken_rwlock(tmp_path):
     with pytest.raises(RWLockFileCorruptedError):
         with _edit_rwlock(dir_path, localfs, False):
             pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("return_value", [True, False])
+def test_corrupted_rwlock(tmp_path, mocker, return_value):
+    dir_path = os.fspath(tmp_path)
+    path = tmp_path / "rwlock"
+
+    foo = "foo"
+    bar = "bar"
+    cmd_foo = "cmd_foo"
+    cmd_bar = "cmd_bar"
+    mocker.patch("psutil.pid_exists", return_value=return_value)
+
+    corrupted_rwlock = {
+        "write": {foo: {"pid": 1234, "cmd": cmd_foo}},
+        "read": {
+            foo: [{"pid": 5555, "cmd": cmd_foo}],
+            bar: [
+                {"pid": 6666, "cmd": cmd_bar},
+                {"pid": 7777, "cmd": cmd_bar},
+            ],
+        },
+    }
+
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(corrupted_rwlock), encoding="utf-8")
+
+    if return_value:
+        with pytest.raises(LockError):
+            with rwlock(dir_path, localfs, "cmd_other", [], [foo, bar], False):
+                pass
+    else:
+        with rwlock(dir_path, localfs, "cmd_other", [], [foo, bar], False):
+            pass
+        assert path.read_text() == """{"read": {}}"""

Make queued experiments initialization progress run in parallel.
For now, when we run queued experiments we would lock the whole scm during the whole initialization progress. 

https://github.com/iterative/dvc/blob/29b3dc1f9ec96fbd4116f8adabaeb17c9633afb2/dvc/repo/experiments/queue/base.py#L566-L568.

This makes the initialization progress only run sequentially. We can do a more precise control on this progress to make the 

1. We should only lock some of the exp refs or an exp reference namespace.
2. We should only add the lock on a few steps instead of on the whole progress.
3. We do not need to set `EXEC_*` branches to the before pushing them to the remote.



tests/func/experiments/executor/test_ssh.py::test_init_from_stash tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_no_commits tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_branch_and_tag_name tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_simple tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_experiment[True] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_experiment[False] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_queued tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_failed_experiment tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_checkpoint[True] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_checkpoint[False] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_checkpoint_branch[True] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_checkpoint_branch[False] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_filter tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_multiple_commits tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_sort tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_running_workspace[TaskStatus.RUNNING-True] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_running_workspace[TaskStatus.RUNNING-False] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_running_workspace[TaskStatus.FAILED-False] tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_running_tempdir tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_running_celery tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_running_checkpoint tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_with_broken_repo tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_csv tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_only_changed tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_parallel_coordinates tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_outs tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_metrics_renaming tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_sorted_deps tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_queued_error tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_completed_error tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_checkpoint_error tests/func/experiments/test_show.py::test_show_baseline_error tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_rwlock tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_rwlock_reentrant tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_rwlock_edit_is_guarded tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_rwlock_subdirs tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_broken_rwlock tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_corrupted_rwlock[True] tests/unit/test_rwlock.py::test_corrupted_rwlock[False]