diff --git a/msgpack/_unpacker.pyx b/msgpack/_unpacker.pyx
index a5403d8..2163425 100644
--- a/msgpack/_unpacker.pyx
+++ b/msgpack/_unpacker.pyx
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ cdef extern from "unpack.h":
         bint use_list
         bint raw
         bint has_pairs_hook # call object_hook with k-v pairs
+        bint strict_map_key
         PyObject* object_hook
         PyObject* list_hook
         PyObject* ext_hook
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ cdef extern from "unpack.h":
 cdef inline init_ctx(unpack_context *ctx,
                      object object_hook, object object_pairs_hook,
                      object list_hook, object ext_hook,
-                     bint use_list, bint raw,
+                     bint use_list, bint raw, bint strict_map_key,
                      const char* encoding, const char* unicode_errors,
                      Py_ssize_t max_str_len, Py_ssize_t max_bin_len,
                      Py_ssize_t max_array_len, Py_ssize_t max_map_len,
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ cdef inline init_ctx(unpack_context *ctx,
     unpack_init(ctx)
     ctx.user.use_list = use_list
     ctx.user.raw = raw
+    ctx.user.strict_map_key = strict_map_key
     ctx.user.object_hook = ctx.user.list_hook = <PyObject*>NULL
     ctx.user.max_str_len = max_str_len
     ctx.user.max_bin_len = max_bin_len
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ cdef inline int get_data_from_buffer(object obj,
         return 1
 
 def unpackb(object packed, object object_hook=None, object list_hook=None,
-            bint use_list=True, bint raw=True,
+            bint use_list=True, bint raw=True, bint strict_map_key=False,
             encoding=None, unicode_errors=None,
             object_pairs_hook=None, ext_hook=ExtType,
             Py_ssize_t max_str_len=1024*1024,
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ def unpackb(object packed, object object_hook=None, object list_hook=None,
     get_data_from_buffer(packed, &view, &buf, &buf_len, &new_protocol)
     try:
         init_ctx(&ctx, object_hook, object_pairs_hook, list_hook, ext_hook,
-                 use_list, raw, cenc, cerr,
+                 use_list, raw, strict_map_key, cenc, cerr,
                  max_str_len, max_bin_len, max_array_len, max_map_len, max_ext_len)
         ret = unpack_construct(&ctx, buf, buf_len, &off)
     finally:
@@ -236,6 +238,11 @@ cdef class Unpacker(object):
 
         *encoding* option which is deprecated overrides this option.
 
+    :param bool strict_map_key:
+        If true, only str or bytes are accepted for map (dict) keys.
+        It's False by default for backward-compatibility.
+        But it will be True from msgpack 1.0.
+
     :param callable object_hook:
         When specified, it should be callable.
         Unpacker calls it with a dict argument after unpacking msgpack map.
@@ -318,7 +325,7 @@ cdef class Unpacker(object):
         self.buf = NULL
 
     def __init__(self, file_like=None, Py_ssize_t read_size=0,
-                 bint use_list=True, bint raw=True,
+                 bint use_list=True, bint raw=True, bint strict_map_key=False,
                  object object_hook=None, object object_pairs_hook=None, object list_hook=None,
                  encoding=None, unicode_errors=None, Py_ssize_t max_buffer_size=0,
                  object ext_hook=ExtType,
@@ -366,7 +373,7 @@ cdef class Unpacker(object):
             cerr = unicode_errors
 
         init_ctx(&self.ctx, object_hook, object_pairs_hook, list_hook,
-                 ext_hook, use_list, raw, cenc, cerr,
+                 ext_hook, use_list, raw, strict_map_key, cenc, cerr,
                  max_str_len, max_bin_len, max_array_len,
                  max_map_len, max_ext_len)
 
diff --git a/msgpack/fallback.py b/msgpack/fallback.py
index 9c767a7..ae2fcfc 100644
--- a/msgpack/fallback.py
+++ b/msgpack/fallback.py
@@ -179,6 +179,11 @@ class Unpacker(object):
 
         *encoding* option which is deprecated overrides this option.
 
+    :param bool strict_map_key:
+        If true, only str or bytes are accepted for map (dict) keys.
+        It's False by default for backward-compatibility.
+        But it will be True from msgpack 1.0.
+
     :param callable object_hook:
         When specified, it should be callable.
         Unpacker calls it with a dict argument after unpacking msgpack map.
@@ -241,7 +246,7 @@ class Unpacker(object):
     Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_like=None, read_size=0, use_list=True, raw=True,
+    def __init__(self, file_like=None, read_size=0, use_list=True, raw=True, strict_map_key=False,
                  object_hook=None, object_pairs_hook=None, list_hook=None,
                  encoding=None, unicode_errors=None, max_buffer_size=0,
                  ext_hook=ExtType,
@@ -286,6 +291,7 @@ class Unpacker(object):
             raise ValueError("read_size must be smaller than max_buffer_size")
         self._read_size = read_size or min(self._max_buffer_size, 16*1024)
         self._raw = bool(raw)
+        self._strict_map_key = bool(strict_map_key)
         self._encoding = encoding
         self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors
         self._use_list = use_list
@@ -633,6 +639,8 @@ class Unpacker(object):
                 ret = {}
                 for _ in xrange(n):
                     key = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                    if self._strict_map_key and type(key) not in (Unicode, bytes):
+                        raise ValueError("%s is not allowed for map key" % str(type(key)))
                     ret[key] = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
                 if self._object_hook is not None:
                     ret = self._object_hook(ret)
diff --git a/msgpack/unpack.h b/msgpack/unpack.h
index 63e5543..85dbbed 100644
--- a/msgpack/unpack.h
+++ b/msgpack/unpack.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ typedef struct unpack_user {
     bool use_list;
     bool raw;
     bool has_pairs_hook;
+    bool strict_map_key;
     PyObject *object_hook;
     PyObject *list_hook;
     PyObject *ext_hook;
@@ -188,6 +189,10 @@ static inline int unpack_callback_map(unpack_user* u, unsigned int n, msgpack_un
 
 static inline int unpack_callback_map_item(unpack_user* u, unsigned int current, msgpack_unpack_object* c, msgpack_unpack_object k, msgpack_unpack_object v)
 {
+    if (u->strict_map_key && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(k) && !PyBytes_CheckExact(k)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "%.100s is not allowed for map key", Py_TYPE(k)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
     if (u->has_pairs_hook) {
         msgpack_unpack_object item = PyTuple_Pack(2, k, v);
         if (!item)

diff --git a/test/test_except.py b/test/test_except.py
index 626c8be..5544f2b 100644
--- a/test/test_except.py
+++ b/test/test_except.py
@@ -50,3 +50,14 @@ def test_invalidvalue():
 
     with raises(StackError):
         unpackb(b"\x91" * 3000)  # nested fixarray(len=1)
+
+
+def test_strict_map_key():
+    valid = {u"unicode": 1, b"bytes": 2}
+    packed = packb(valid, use_bin_type=True)
+    assert valid == unpackb(packed, raw=False, strict_map_key=True)
+
+    invalid = {42: 1}
+    packed = packb(invalid, use_bin_type=True)
+    with raises(ValueError):
+        unpackb(packed, raw=False, strict_map_key=True)

Option for restrict map keys
While msgpack spec doesn't prohibit any map keys, some languages allows only str as map keys.
So it's recommended for cross language compatibility.

For packer, it is useful to detect (unexpected) bin keys.
For unpacker, it is important to prevent "hashdos" attack too.

* 0.6: Add `strict_map_key` option to packer and unpacker.  False by default.
* 1.0: Make it true by default.
test/test_except.py::test_strict_map_key
test/test_except.py::test_raise_on_find_unsupported_value test/test_except.py::test_raise_from_object_hook test/test_except.py::test_invalidvalue