diff --git a/fairworkflows/fairstep.py b/fairworkflows/fairstep.py
index e369441..b409a74 100644
--- a/fairworkflows/fairstep.py
+++ b/fairworkflows/fairstep.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from rdflib import RDF, RDFS, DCTERMS
 from fairworkflows import namespaces, LinguisticSystem, LINGSYS_ENGLISH, LINGSYS_PYTHON
 from fairworkflows.config import DUMMY_FAIRWORKFLOWS_URI, IS_FAIRSTEP_RETURN_VALUE_PARAMETER_NAME, \
     LOGGER
+from fairworkflows.prov import prov_logger, StepRetroProv
 from fairworkflows.rdf_wrapper import RdfWrapper, replace_in_rdf
 
 
@@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ def is_fairstep(label: str = None, is_pplan_step: bool = True, is_manual_task: b
         def _add_logging(func):
             @functools.wraps(func)
             def _wrapper(*func_args, **func_kwargs):
-                LOGGER.info(f'Running step: {func.__name__}')
+                prov_logger.add(StepRetroProv(step=fairstep))
                 return func(*func_args, **func_kwargs)
             return _wrapper
         func._fairstep = fairstep
diff --git a/fairworkflows/fairworkflow.py b/fairworkflows/fairworkflow.py
index 587563c..11a01a9 100644
--- a/fairworkflows/fairworkflow.py
+++ b/fairworkflows/fairworkflow.py
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from typing import Iterator, Optional, Callable
 
-import nanopub
 import networkx as nx
 import noodles
 import rdflib
 from noodles.interface import PromisedObject
-from rdflib import RDF, RDFS, DCTERMS
+from rdflib import RDF
 from rdflib.tools.rdf2dot import rdf2dot
 from requests import HTTPError
 
+from fairworkflows import namespaces, LinguisticSystem, LINGSYS_PYTHON
 from fairworkflows.config import LOGGER
-from fairworkflows import namespaces, LinguisticSystem, LINGSYS_ENGLISH, LINGSYS_PYTHON
 from fairworkflows.fairstep import FairStep
+from fairworkflows.prov import WorkflowRetroProv, prov_logger
 from fairworkflows.rdf_wrapper import RdfWrapper
 
 
@@ -363,47 +363,31 @@ class FairWorkflow(RdfWrapper):
         Returns a tuple (result, retroprov), where result is the final output of the executed
         workflow and retroprov is the retrospective provenance logged during execution.
         """
-
         if not hasattr(self, 'workflow_level_promise'):
             raise ValueError('Cannot execute workflow as no noodles step_level_promise has been constructed.')
-
-        log = io.StringIO()
-        log_handler = logging.StreamHandler(log)
-        formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(message)s')
-        log_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
-
-        LOGGER.setLevel(logging.INFO)
-        LOGGER.handlers = [log_handler]
+        prov_logger.empty()
         self.workflow_level_promise = noodles.workflow.from_call(
             noodles.get_workflow(self.workflow_level_promise).root_node.foo, args, kwargs, {})
         result = noodles.run_single(self.workflow_level_promise)
 
         # Generate the retrospective provenance as a (nano-) Publication object
-        retroprov = self._generate_retrospective_prov_publication(log.getvalue())
+        retroprov = self._generate_retrospective_prov_publication()
 
         return result, retroprov
 
-    def _generate_retrospective_prov_publication(self, log:str) -> nanopub.Publication:
+    def _generate_retrospective_prov_publication(self) -> WorkflowRetroProv:
         """
         Utility method for generating a Publication object for the retrospective
         provenance of this workflow. Uses the given 'log' string as the actual
         provenance for now.
         """
-        log_message = rdflib.Literal(log)
-        this_retroprov = rdflib.BNode('retroprov')
-        if self.uri is None or self.uri == 'None': # TODO: This is horrific
-            this_workflow = rdflib.URIRef('http://www.example.org/unpublishedworkflow')
+        if self._is_published:
+            workflow_uri = rdflib.URIRef(self.uri)
         else:
-            this_workflow = rdflib.URIRef(self.uri)
-
-        retroprov_assertion = rdflib.Graph()
-        retroprov_assertion.add((this_retroprov, rdflib.RDF.type, namespaces.PROV.Activity))
-        retroprov_assertion.add((this_retroprov, namespaces.PROV.wasDerivedFrom, this_workflow))
-        retroprov_assertion.add((this_retroprov, RDFS.label, log_message))
-        retroprov = nanopub.Publication.from_assertion(assertion_rdf=retroprov_assertion)
-
-        return retroprov
+            workflow_uri = rdflib.URIRef('http://www.example.org/unpublishedworkflow')
 
+        step_provs = prov_logger.get_all()
+        return WorkflowRetroProv(self, workflow_uri, step_provs)
 
     def draw(self, filepath):
         """Visualize workflow.
diff --git a/fairworkflows/linguistic_system.py b/fairworkflows/linguistic_system.py
index 3dfa785..4a4adcc 100644
--- a/fairworkflows/linguistic_system.py
+++ b/fairworkflows/linguistic_system.py
@@ -56,5 +56,5 @@ LINGSYS_ENGLISH = LinguisticSystem(lstype=DC.LinguisticSystem,
 LINGSYS_PYTHON = LinguisticSystem(lstype=SCHEMAORG.ComputerLanguage,
                                   label='python',
                                   version_info='.'.join([str(v) for v in sys.version_info]),
-                                  see_also="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)")
+                                  see_also="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865")
 
diff --git a/fairworkflows/prov.py b/fairworkflows/prov.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d138b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fairworkflows/prov.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import threading
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import List, Iterator
+
+import rdflib
+
+from fairworkflows import namespaces
+from fairworkflows.rdf_wrapper import RdfWrapper
+
+
+class ProvLogger:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lock = threading.Lock()
+        self.items = []
+
+    def add(self, item):
+        with self.lock:
+            self.items.append(item)
+
+    def get_all(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            items, self.items = self.items, []
+        return items
+
+    def empty(self):
+        self.items = []
+
+
+prov_logger = ProvLogger()
+
+
+class RetroProv(RdfWrapper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(uri=None, ref_name='retroprov')
+        self.timestamp = datetime.now()
+
+
+class StepRetroProv(RetroProv):
+    def __init__(self, step):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.set_attribute(rdflib.RDF.type, namespaces.PPLAN.Activity)
+        self.step = step
+        self.step_uri = step.uri
+
+    @property
+    def step_uri(self):
+        """Refers to URI of step associated to this provenance.
+
+        Matches the predicate prov:wasDerivedFrom associated to this retrospective provenance
+        """
+        return self.get_attribute(namespaces.PROV.wasDerivedFrom)
+
+    @step_uri.setter
+    def step_uri(self, value):
+        self.set_attribute(namespaces.PPLAN.correspondsToStep, rdflib.URIRef(value), overwrite=True)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """String representation."""
+        s = f'Step retrospective provenance.\n'
+        s += self._rdf.serialize(format='trig').decode('utf-8')
+        return s
+
+
+class WorkflowRetroProv(RetroProv):
+    def __init__(self, workflow, workflow_uri, step_provs: List[StepRetroProv]):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.set_attribute(rdflib.RDF.type, namespaces.PPLAN.Bundle)
+        self.workflow = workflow
+        self.workflow_uri = workflow_uri
+        self._step_provs = step_provs
+
+    @property
+    def workflow_uri(self):
+        """Refers to URI of step associated to this provenance.
+
+        Matches the predicate prov:wasDerivedFrom associated to this retrospective provenance
+        """
+        return self.get_attribute(namespaces.PROV.wasDerivedFrom)
+
+    @workflow_uri.setter
+    def workflow_uri(self, value):
+        self.set_attribute(namespaces.PROV.wasDerivedFrom, rdflib.URIRef(value), overwrite=True)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[StepRetroProv]:
+        """Iterate over StepRetroProv that were part of the execution of the workflow."""
+        yield from self._step_provs
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._step_provs)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """String representation."""
+        s = f'Workflow retrospective provenance.\n'
+        s += self._rdf.serialize(format='trig').decode('utf-8')
+        return s

diff --git a/tests/test_fairworkflow.py b/tests/test_fairworkflow.py
index 991cf42..e368e9c 100644
--- a/tests/test_fairworkflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_fairworkflow.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from requests import HTTPError
 
 from conftest import skip_if_nanopub_server_unavailable, read_rdf_test_resource
 from fairworkflows import FairWorkflow, FairStep, namespaces, FairVariable, is_fairstep, is_fairworkflow
+from fairworkflows.prov import WorkflowRetroProv, StepRetroProv
 from fairworkflows.rdf_wrapper import replace_in_rdf
 from nanopub import Publication
 
@@ -351,11 +352,11 @@ class TestFairWorkflow:
         result, prov = fw.execute(1, 4, 3)
         assert result == -66
 
-        assert isinstance(prov, Publication)
-
-        prov_log = str(list(prov.assertion.objects(rdflib.URIRef(f'{DUMMY_NANOPUB_URI}#retroprov'),
-                                                   rdflib.RDFS.label))[0])
-        assert 'Running step: add' in prov_log
+        assert isinstance(prov, WorkflowRetroProv)
+        assert len(prov) == 4
+        for step_prov in prov:
+            assert isinstance(step_prov, StepRetroProv)
+            assert step_prov.step in fw._steps.values()
 
     def test_workflow_complex_serialization(self):
         class OtherType:
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ class TestFairWorkflow:
         result, prov = fw.execute(obj)
         assert isinstance(result, type(obj))
         assert result.message == obj.message
-        assert isinstance(prov, Publication)
+        assert isinstance(prov, WorkflowRetroProv)
 
     def test_workflow_non_decorated_step(self):
         def return_value(a: float) -> float:

.execute() should return a FairProv object
- [ ] `.execute()` method now returns a Publication object, it should be a FairProv object (which subclasses `RdfWrapper`)
- [ ] Add some useful RDF to it based on the logging from noodles execution, you might want to use `schedule_hint` and pass it the uri of the steps, i.e. https://noodles.readthedocs.io/en/latest/boil_tutorial.html#friendly-output-and-error-handling
- [ ] If possible try to incorporate #171
tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_build tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_build_including_step_without_uri tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_fetch_step_404 tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_fetch_step_500 tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_iterator tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_iterator_one_step tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_iterator_sorting_failed tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_draw_without_graphviz_module tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_display_rdf_without_graphviz_module tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_publish_as_nanopub_no_modifications tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_workflow_construction_and_execution tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_workflow_complex_serialization tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_workflow_non_decorated_step tests/test_fairworkflow.py::TestFairWorkflow::test_workflow_mixed_decorated_steps