The Procuratie are historic buildings the last of them completed under the occupation of a political leader who rose to prominence during which revolution?
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Procuratie The Procuratie (literally, "procuracies") are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are also connected to St Mark's Clocktower. They are historic buildings over arcades, the last of them completed, to finish off the square, under Napoleon's occupation.
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Napoleon Napoléon Bonaparte ( ; ] ; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again briefly in 1815 (during the Hundred Days). Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.
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Pierre Paul Royer-Collard Pierre Paul Royer-Collard (21 June 1763 – 2 September 1845) was a French statesman and philosopher, leader of the Doctrinaires group during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830).
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Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire The Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire were created in 1804 by the Constitution of the Year XII, which established Napoleon Bonaparte, previously First Consul for Life, as Emperor of the French. The seven Grand Dignitaries broadly paralleled the Great Officers of the Crown which had existed under the Ancien Regime and were essentially honorific, although several limited functions were ascribed to them in the new constitution of the Empire. In the Imperial nobility the Grand Dignitaries ranked in status directly behind the Princes of France, although in practice, most Grand Dignitaries also held the title of Prince.
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Procopius Procopius of Caesarea (Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς "Prokopios ho Kaisareus", Latin: "Procopius Caesariensis" ; 500 – c. 554 AD) was a prominent late antique scholar from Palaestina Prima. Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian, he became the principal Byzantine historian of the 6th century, writing the "Wars" (or "Histories"), the "Buildings of Justinian" and the now-celebrated (and infamous) "Secret History". He is commonly held to be the last major historian of the ancient Western world.
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Lajos Kossuth Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (] , Slovak: Ľudovít Košút, archaically English: Louis Kossuth) 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician, statesman and Governor-President of the Kingdom of Hungary during the revolution of 1848–49. With the help of his talent in oratory in political debates and public speeches, Kossuth emerged from a poor gentry family into regent-president of Kingdom of Hungary. As the most influential contemporary American journalist Horace Greeley said of Kossuth: “Among the orators, patriots, statesmen, exiles, he has, living or dead, no superior.” Kossuth's powerful English and American speeches so impressed and touched the most famous contemporary American orator Daniel Webster, that he wrote a book about Kossuth's life. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in Great Britain and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe. Kossuth's bronze bust can be found in the United States Capitol with the inscription: "Father of Hungarian Democracy, Hungarian Statesman, Freedom Fighter, 1848–1849".
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Louis d'Elbée Maurice-Joseph-Louis Gigost d'Elbée (] ; 21 March 1752 – 6 January 1794) was a French Royalist military leader. Initially enthusiastic about the Revolution, he became disenchanted with the disestablishment of the Catholic Church and retired to his estates in Brittany. He was the second commander in chief of the "Royal and Catholic Army" formed by Royalist forces of the Vendean insurrection against the Republic and the French Revolution.
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Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière Jacques-Alexis Thuriot, known as Thuriot de la Rosière, and later as chevalier Thuriot de la Rosière, chevalier de l'Empire (1 May 1753 - 20 June 1829) was an important French statesman of the French Revolution, and a minor figure under the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky Count Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky (] ; Czech: "František Antonín Kolovrat-Libštejnský" ; 31 January 1778 – 4 April 1861) was Bohemian noble and Austrian statesman from the House of Kolowrat. As a moderate liberal politician, he was one of the major opponents of State Chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich during the "Vormärz" era. In the March Revolution of 1848, Kolowrat became the first constitutional Minister-President of Austria, however, he resigned after one month in office.
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Jean-Baptiste de Villèle Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin, Count of Villèle (14 April 1773 – 13 March 1854), better known simply as Joseph de Villèle , was a French statesman. Several time Prime minister, he was a leader of the Ultra-royalist faction during the Bourbon Restoration.
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Paul Deschanel Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (] ; 13 February 1855 in Schaerbeek28 April 1922) was a French statesman. He served as President of France from 18 February to 21 September 1920.
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Prime Minister of France The French Prime Minister (French: "Premier ministre français" ) in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government position was called President of the Council of Ministers (French: "Président du Conseil des Ministres" ), generally shortened to President of the Council (French: "Président du Conseil" ).
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François-Régis de La Bourdonnaye François-Régis de La Bourdonnaye, Comte de La Bretèche, (19 March 1767 – 28 July 1839) was a French national deputy from 1815 to 1830. He sat on the extreme right, and was known for his violent attacks on the governments of the Bourbon Restoration. In 1829 he was briefly Minister of the Interior. In 1830 he was made a peer of France a few months before the July Revolution ended his political career.
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Ricardo López Jordán Ricardo Ramón López Jordán (1822–1889) was an Argentine soldier and politician, one of the last influential ""caudillos"" (Spanish for "leaders", or military or political strongmen) in the history of Argentina. He thrice rebelled against the government of Buenos Aires and was defeated in each attempt.
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National Workshops National Workshops (French: "Ateliers Nationaux" ) refer to areas of work provided for the unemployed by the French Second Republic after the Revolution of 1848. The political crisis which resulted in the abdication of Louis Philippe caused an acute industrial crisis adding to the general agricultural and commercial distress which had prevailed throughout 1847. It rendered the problem of unemployment in Paris very acute. The provisional government under the influence of one of its members, Louis Blanc passed a decree (25 February 1848) guaranteeing government-funded jobs. The following is an extract: "The provisional government of the French Republic undertakes to guarantee the existence of the workmen by work. It undertakes to guarantee work for every citizen."
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Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (] ; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu (French: Cardinal de Richelieu ] ), was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered.
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Political commissar The political commissar (also politruk from Russian: политрук from политический руководитель, "political officer") is the supervisory political officer responsible for the political education (ideology) and organization, and committed to the civilian control of the military. Historically, the "commissaire politique" (political commissary) first appeared in the French Revolution (1789–99), guarding it against anti-Revolutionary thought and action.
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Louis-Joseph Papineau Louis-Joseph Papineau (October 7, 1786 – September 23, 1871), born in Montreal, Quebec, was a politician, lawyer, and the landlord of the "seigneurie de la Petite-Nation". He was the leader of the reformist Patriote movement before the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838. His father was Joseph Papineau, also a politician in Quebec. Papineau was the eldest of eight children and was the grandfather of the journalist Henri Bourassa, the founder of the newspaper "Le Devoir" and has the Papineau metro station named after him.
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Jean-Baptiste Drouet (French revolutionary) Jean-Baptiste Drouet (January 8, 1763April 11, 1824) was a French politician of the 1789 Revolution, chiefly noted for the part he played in the arrest of King Louis XVI during the Flight to Varennes.
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Hébertists The Hébertists were a radical revolutionary political group associated with the populist journalist Jacques Hébert. They came to power during the Reign of Terror and played a significant role in the French Revolution.
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Titles and styles of Napoleon Napoleon, a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution, was bestowed many titles and honours.
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History of the Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles is a royal château in Versailles, in the Île-de-France region of France. When the château was built, Versailles was a country village; today, however, it is a suburb of Paris, some 20 kilometres southwest of the French capital. The court of Versailles was the centre of political power in France from 1682, when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789 after the beginning of the French Revolution. Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as well as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime.