Arethas of Caesarea, was Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (modern Kayseri, Turkey) early in the 10th century, the codices produced by him, containing his commentaries are credited with preserving many ancient texts, including those of which Marcus Aurelius texts?
2ebca3129ff5a551910d56ff71dc97fe
Arethas of Caesarea Arethas of Caesarea (Greek: Ἀρέθας ; born c. 860 AD) was Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (modern Kayseri, Turkey) early in the 10th century, and is considered one of the most scholarly theologians of the Greek Orthodox Church. The codices produced by him, containing his commentaries are credited with preserving many ancient texts, including those of Plato and Marcus Aurelius' "Meditations".
93e4368716f6cac311e096f61e5f0dcd
Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius ( ; Latin: "Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus" ; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180 AD) was Roman emperor from , ruling jointly with Lucius Verus until Verus' death in 169 and jointly with his son, Commodus, from 177. He was the last of the so-called Five Good Emperors.
4766a585c2187026e2c5733f8b994601
Minuscule 1143 Minuscule 1143 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1035 (von Soden), also known as the "Beratinus 2", or "Codex Aureus Anthimi". It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on purple parchment, dated paleographically to the 9th century. This is one of the seven “purple codices” in the world to have survived to the present day, and one of the two known purple minuscules (Minuscule 565 is the other) written with a gold ink.
3bae7ee00c6c6967f392abacd05c01ea
Quintus Aurelius Symmachus Quintus Aurelius Symmachus (c. 345 – 402) was a Roman statesman, orator, and man of letters. He held the offices of governor of proconsular Africa in 373, urban prefect of Rome in 384 and 385, and consul in 391. Symmachus sought to preserve the traditional religions of Rome at a time when the aristocracy was converting to Christianity, and led an unsuccessful delegation of protest against Gratian, when he ordered the Altar of Victory removed from the curia, the principal meeting place of the Roman Senate in the Forum Romanum. Two years later he made a famous appeal to Gratian's successor, Valentinian II, in a dispatch that was rebutted by Ambrose, the bishop of Milan. Symmachus's career was temporarily derailed when he supported the short-lived usurper Magnus Maximus, but he was rehabilitated and three years later appointed consul. Much of his writing has survived: nine books of letters; a collection of "Relationes" or official dispatches; and fragments of various orations.
2c657a935d1a247c1dae93e8be00ab73
Aurelianus of Arles Aurelianus (523 – 551) was Archbishop of Arles from 546 to 551. His predecessors were Auxanius (bishop form 542-546) and Caesarius of Arles (d. 542). His father Sacerdos (d. 552) was an Archbishop of Lyon. His cousin Nicetius (d. 573) succeeded his father as Archbishop of Lyon. He died on June 16, 551 in Lyon and is buried in the Church of Saint-Nizier. The text of his epitaph is preserved.
08a55427b74e9002047e87ba0b6098e5
Macarius of Corinth Macarius of Corinth [birth name: Macarius Notaras (Greek: Μακάριος Νοταρᾶς )] was born in Corinth in 1731 and died in Chios in April 1805. St Macarius as Metropolitan bishop of Corinth, was a mystic and spiritual writer who worked to revive and mostly sustain the Orthodox Church under Turkish rule. He is most famous for working with St. Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain in collecting and compiling the ascetic text of the Philokalia.
678a1a2f87459741fbd2c8a6b1f6d4b3
Rabanus Maurus Rabanus Maurus Magnentius ( 780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk and theologian who became archbishop of Mainz in Germany. He was the author of the encyclopaedia "De rerum naturis" (""On the Natures of Things""). He also wrote treatises on education and grammar and commentaries on the Bible. He was one of the most prominent teachers and writers of the Carolingian age, and was called "Praeceptor Germaniae," or "the teacher of Germany." In the most recent edition of the Roman Martyrology ("Martyrologium Romanum", 2004, pp. 133), his feast is given as February 4th and he is qualified as a Saint ('sanctus').
bc90bd2ef089b6c960234408623b7d63
Didascaliae Didascaliae are a compilation of production notices for several stage works of ancient Rome. This incomplete record was probably compiled some time around the 1st century BC, and contains notes on the "Stichus" and "Pseudolus" of Plautus (in Manuscript A) and all the plays of Terence (in the manuscript and in the commentary by Aelius Donatus), after which they were sometimes called "Didascaliae Terentianae". The notes contain information about the first performance of the works, games that were played there, the plays' directors and producers (such as Lucius Ambivius Turpio), musical composers, the nature of the musical score, the Roman consuls that year, "et cetera". In some cases, details about subsequent revivals are also preserved.
a57572f20575e2534791e6bf00a105e9
Caesar's Commentaries Caesar's Commentaries may refer to one of two works written by Julius Caesar:
f0b8c7daafa1488b16cb567df06d4757
Basilian monks Basilian monks are monks who follow the rule of Saint Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea (330–379). The monastic rules and institutes of St. Basil are important because their reconstruction of monastic life remains the basis for most Eastern Orthodox and some Greek Catholic monasticism. Saint Benedict of Nursia, who fulfilled much the same function in the West, took his "Regula Benedicti" from the writings of St. Basil and other earlier church fathers. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, monks do not generally call themselves "Basilians", while the Greek Catholics do. Thus the expression "Basilian monk" almost always refers to religious of those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite.
3dee21f54e6af337887af1df9568c8ec
Alcibiades of Apamea Alcibiades of Apamea (fl. 230) was a Jewish Christian member of, or possibly even founder of, the Elcesaites. Of the several cities called Apamea it is Apamea in Syria which is intended. He is known only from the accounts of Hippolytus of Rome in his "Refutations" ("Refutatio omnium haeresium", Book 10 ch. 9–13), where he follows on from Hippolytus' attacks on Pope Callixtus I:
710c6557081826c570b0621167191979
Agastya Samhita Agastya Saṁhitā (literally: "Agastya's Compendium") is the title of several works in Sanskrit text attributed to the ancient sage (ṛṣi) Agastya. For a listing of the various works, and the surviving manuscripts of the work distributed across libraries in India and internationally, see V. Raghavan, "New Catalogus Catalogorum" (1968--), v.1, pp. 20--22.
7b28cebd03ec5968c298887f2b9fcab0
Junillus Junillus Africanus ("floruit" 541–549) was Quaestor of the Sacred Palace ("quaestor sacri palatii") in the court of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. He is best known for his work on biblical exegesis, "Instituta regularia divinae legis". According to M.L.W. Laistner, Junillus' work was based on the writings of one of the teachers of the School of Nisibis, Paul the Persian, and because Paul had been influenced by the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Junillus' "Instituta" helped make Western theologians familiar with the Antiochene school of exegesis.
3a3170e8de0a1321c276d72ec6197f3a
Aba I Aba I (or, with his Syriac honorific, Mar Aba I) or Mar Abba the Great was the Patriarch of the Church of the East at Seleucia-Ctesiphon from 540 to 552. He introduced to the church the anaphoras of Theodore of Mopsuestia and Nestorius beside the more ancient liturgical rite of Addai and Mari. Though his tenure as catholicos saw Christians in the region threatened during the Persian-Roman wars and attempts by both Sassanid Persian and Byzantine rulers to interfere with the governance of the church, his reign is reckoned a period of consolidation, and a synod he held in 544 as (despite excluding the Diocese of Merv) instrumental in unifying and strengthening the church. He is thought to have written and translated a number of religious works. After his death in February 552, the faithful carried his casket from his simple home across the Tigris to the monastery of Mar Pithyon.
db48d5c6e3744a3caa8eb3d3d0bc15ed
Honoratus Antoninus Honoratus Antoninus was a bishop of Constantia in the Roman province of Africa. He was alive during the persecution of the Catholics by the Vandal king Genseric (who adhered to Arianism) in the 5th century, around the year 437.
c6b14eed407c6a007b16c1da8d0d3943
Codex Alexandrinus The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.
281dadc7ca05a05ee10403e26303c788
De Ceremoniis The De Ceremoniis (fully "De cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae") is the conventional Latin name for a Greek book of ceremonial protocol at the court of the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople. Its Greek title is often cited as Ἔκθεσις τῆς βασιλείου τάξεως ("Explanation of the Order of the Palace"), taken from the work's preface, or Περὶ τῆς Βασιλείου Τάξεως ("On the Order of the Palace"). In non-specialist English sources, it tends to be called the Book of Ceremonies of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (variably spelt), a formula used by writers including David Talbot Rice and the modern English translation.
6d66aa6d9eb581605cc8be765390e28d
Masoretes The Masoretes (Hebrew: "Ba'alei ha-Masora") were groups of Jewish scribe-scholars who worked between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, based primarily in present-day Israel in the cities of Tiberias and Jerusalem, as well as in Iraq (Babylonia). Each group compiled a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides in the form of diacritical notes on the external form of the biblical text in an attempt to standardize the pronunciation, paragraph and verse divisions and cantillation of the Jewish Bible, the Tanakh, for the worldwide Jewish community.
d1925bcb01c5f5533f07e1948a01dc25
Pantheon (book) The Liber universalis ("universal book") is a work of Gottfried von Viterbo (c. 1120 – c. 1196). In this work, completed in 1185, he chronicles world history from the creation of the world to the time of Heinrich VI (Henry VI). The "liber" was written around 1185 and is an extended version of the previous Memoria seculorum ("remembrance of the ages") by the same author which again builds on the Speculum regum ("mirror for kings/princes") dated to around 1185. It is subdivided into 20 „particulae” ("(small) parts"), the last of which is the so-called "Gesta Friderici"' ("Frederics achievements") first dedicated to Heinrich VI but ultimately to Pope Gregory VIII. The famous prosimetrum Pantheon builds upon the liber universalis and exists in 3 editions (1187,1188,1191). The Pantheon manuscript enjoyed a wide distribution in the late middle ages.
13a659374b0593a9b89e3eeb3e15076d
Golden Gospels of Henry III The Golden Gospels of Henry III, also Codex Aureus of Speyer or Speyer Gospels (Speyerer Evangeliar), (El Escorial, Real Biblioteca, Cod. Vitrinas 17) is an eleventh-century illuminated Gospel Book. The manuscript contains the Vulgate versions of the four gospels plus prefatory matter including the Eusebian canon tables. It was probably produced at the Abbey of Echternach under the patronage of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1046, Henry donated the manuscript to Speyer Cathedral to commemorate the dedication of the cathedral's high altar.
7ea7cd51b11c6109553a9cdffb35f093
Aurelian of Réôme Aurelian of Réôme (Aurelianus Reomensis) (fl. c. 840 – 850) was a Frankish writer and music theorist. He is the author of the "Musica disciplina", the earliest extant treatise on music from medieval Europe.
953b223b3334b91c710f6b6b293f00d4
Annales Beneventani The Annales Beneventani ("Beneventan Annals"), also called the Breve chronicon monasterii Sanctae Sophiae Beneventi ("Brief Chronicle of the Monastery of Santa Sofia of Benevento") or Chronicon Sanctae Sophiae for short, is a series of Latin annals from the monastery of Santa Sofia in Benevento, southern Italy. The annal entries were originally annotations written in the margins of Paschal tables, a practice that probably dates to the foundation of the monastery in the second half of the eighth century. The annotations were gathered together and copied into manuscripts in the early twelfth century. Three such manuscripts exist, each copied at Santa Sofia and each presenting a different redaction of the annals. The "Annales" is of interest primarily because its entries are roughly contemporaneous with the events they describe.