The "Directa" decretal was written by Pope Siricius in February AD 385, it took the form of a long letter to Spanish bishop Himerius of Tarragona replying to the bishop’s requests for "directa" on various subjects sent several months earlier to which Pope of the Catholic Church from October 366 to his death in 384?
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Directa Decretal The "Directa" decretal was written by Pope Siricius in February AD 385. It took the form of a long letter to Spanish bishop Himerius of Tarragona replying to the bishop’s requests for "directa" on various subjects sent several months earlier to Pope Damasus I. It became the first of a series of documents published by the Magisterium that claimed apostolic origin for clerical celibacy and reminded ministers of the altar of the perpetual continence required of them.
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Pope Damasus I Pope Saint Damasus I ( ; c. 305 – 11 December 384) was Pope of the Catholic Church from October 366 to his death in 384. He presided over the Council of Rome of 382 that determined the canon or official list of Sacred Scripture. He spoke out against major heresies in the church (including Apollinarianism and Macedonianism) and encouraged production of the Vulgate Bible. He is recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church; his feast day is December 11.
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Vettius Agorius Praetextatus Vettius Agorius Praetextatus (ca. 315–384) was a wealthy pagan aristocrat in the 4th-century Roman Empire, and a high priest in the cults of numerous gods. He served as the praetorian prefect at the court of Emperor Valentinian II in 384 until his death that same year.
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Dies Domini Dies Domini is an apostolic letter promulgated by Pope John Paul II on July 30, 1998. In this doctrine, Pope John Paul encourages the Catholic population to 'rediscover the meaning' behind keeping the Lord's Day holy.
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Quintus Aurelius Symmachus Quintus Aurelius Symmachus (c. 345 – 402) was a Roman statesman, orator, and man of letters. He held the offices of governor of proconsular Africa in 373, urban prefect of Rome in 384 and 385, and consul in 391. Symmachus sought to preserve the traditional religions of Rome at a time when the aristocracy was converting to Christianity, and led an unsuccessful delegation of protest against Gratian, when he ordered the Altar of Victory removed from the curia, the principal meeting place of the Roman Senate in the Forum Romanum. Two years later he made a famous appeal to Gratian's successor, Valentinian II, in a dispatch that was rebutted by Ambrose, the bishop of Milan. Symmachus's career was temporarily derailed when he supported the short-lived usurper Magnus Maximus, but he was rehabilitated and three years later appointed consul. Much of his writing has survived: nine books of letters; a collection of "Relationes" or official dispatches; and fragments of various orations.
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Pope Benedict I Pope Benedict I (Latin: "Benedictus I" ; d. 30 July 579) was Pope from 2 June 575 to his death in 579.
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Pope Innocent II Pope Innocent II (Latin: "Innocentius II" ; died 23 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election was controversial and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of Antipope Anacletus II. He reached an understanding with Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor who supported him against Anacletus and whom he crowned King of the Romans. Innocent went on to preside over the Second Lateran council.
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Pope Clement IX Pope Clement IX (Latin: "Clemens IX" ; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 20 June 1667 to his death in 1669.
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Augustalis (bishop) Augustalis ("fl." 5th century) was the first bishop of Toulon, according to some authorities. He was appointed in 441. He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following. He is associated with the "civitas" of Arles (ancient Arelate) by the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum", which honors him on September 7. He is also named by the "Martyrologium romanum" on that day, with his location noted as "in Gallia". An Augustalis, most likely this man, appears among a group of bishops addressed by Pope Leo I in letters dated 22 August 449 and 5 May 450, the latter of which addresses issues of jurisdiction between Arles and Vienne.
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Verona Sacramentary The Verona Sacramentary (Latin: "Sacramentarium Veronense" ) or Leonine Sacramentary ("Sacramentarium Leonianum") is the oldest surviving liturgical book of the Roman rite. It is not a sacramentary in the strict sense, but rather a private collection of "libelli missarum" (missal booklets) containing only the prayers for certain masses and not the scriptures, the canon or the antiphons. It is named after the sole surviving manuscript, Codex Veronensis LXXXV, which was found in the library of the cathedral of Verona by Giuseppe Bianchini and published in his four-volume "Anastasii bibliothecarii vitae Romanorum pontificum" in 1735. It is sometimes called "Leonine" because it has been attributed to Pope Leo I (died 461), but while some of the prayers may be his compositions the entire work certainly is not.
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Pope Pius II Pope Pius II (Latin: "Pius PP. II" , Italian: "Pio II" ), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Latin: "Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus" ; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464) was Pope from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464. He was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but impoverished family. His longest and most enduring work is the story of his life, the "Commentaries", which is the only autobiography ever written by a reigning pope.
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Pope Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV (Latin: "Clemens XIV" ; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was Pope from 19 May 1769 to his death in 1774. At the time of his election, he was the only Franciscan friar in the College of Cardinals. To date, he is the last pope to take the pontifical name of "Clement" upon his election.
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Pope Lucius I Pope Lucius I (c. 200 – 5 March 254) was the Bishop of Rome from 25 June 253 to his death in 254. He was banished soon after his consecration, but gained permission to return. He was mistakenly classified as a martyr in the persecution of Valerian, which did not begin until after Lucius' death.
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Severus of Barcelona Severus of Barcelona (Catalan: "Sant Sever" , Spanish: "San Severo" ) is venerated as a saint by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. His legend states that he was a bishop of Barcelona and was martyred during the persecution of Christians by Diocletian in AD 304. Details concerning his life and death are uncertain and of questionable historicity, and his "Acta" actually date from around the sixth century.
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Pope Benedict III Pope Benedict III (Latin: "Benedictus III" ; died 17 April 858) was Pope from 29 September 855 to his death in 858.
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381 BC Year 381 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Camillus, Albinus, Albinus, Medullinus, Flavus and Ambustus (or, less frequently, year 373 "Ab urbe condita"). The denomination 381 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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Ecclesiae Sanctae "Ecclesiae Sanctae – ""(Governing) of the Holy Church" – is an apostolic letter or "Motu proprio" issued by Pope Paul VI on August 6, 1966. Paul wrote this letter on how to implement the Vatican Council, especially as regards the conciliar documents "Christus Dominus" (On the Pastoral Office of Bishops), "Presbyterorum Ordinis" (On the Life and Ministry of Priests), "Perfectae Caritatis" (On the Adaptation and Renewal of Religious Life), and "Ad Gentes" (On the Missionary Activity of the Church).
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Pope John IX Pope John IX (Latin: "Ioannes IX" ; died January 900) was Pope from January 898 to his death in 900.
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Eudoxius of Antioch Eudoxius (died 370) was the eighth bishop of Constantinople from January 27, 360 to 370, previously bishop of Germanicia and of Antioch. Eudoxius was one of the most influential Arians.
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Letter to the Romans (Ignatius of Antioch) The Letter to the Romans by Ignatius, an early-second-century Bishop of Antioch, was written during his transport from Antioch, Syria, to his execution in Rome. One of seven extant epistles written by Ignatius, "Romans" is Ignatius’ most detailed explanation of his views on martyrdom.
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Pope John XVII Pope John XVII (Latin: "Ioannes XVII" ; died 6 November 1003) was Pope for about seven months from 16 May to 6 November 1003. He was born John Sicco, the son of another John Sicco, in the region of Rome then referred to as Biveretica. He succeeded Pope Silvester II.
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370 BC Year 370 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Capitolinus, Medullinus, Praetextatus, Cornelius, Volusus and Poplicola (or, less frequently, year 384 "Ab urbe condita"). The denomination 370 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.