The philosopher that wrote How Are We to Live? is known for what 1975 book that argues in favor of vegetarianism?
258ec09ea57eff9af7ad278dfc8ddd60
How Are We to Live? How Are We to Live?: Ethics in an Age of Self-Interest is a book on applied ethics by bioethical philosopher Peter Singer. It was first published in 1993, with subsequent editions in later years. Singer argues that doing the right thing involves attending to the sufferings and preferences of other sentient beings.
d50fac3c0c398cc8f4665b7f01785c9b
Peter Singer Peter Albert David Singer, AC (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher. He is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and a Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He specializes in applied ethics and approaches ethical issues from a secular, utilitarian perspective. He is known in particular for his book "Animal Liberation" (1975), in which he argues in favor of vegetarianism, and his essay "Famine, Affluence, and Morality," in which he argues in favor of donating to help the global poor. For most of his career, he was a preference utilitarian, but he announced in "The Point of View of the Universe (2014)", coauthored with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek, that he had become a hedonistic utilitarian.
355955eb9e32da1b4dea9d7253019148
Theriophily Theriophily (or animalitarianism) is "the inversion of human and animal traits and the argument that animals are in some way superior to men". The term theriophily was coined by George Boas, while the term animalitarianism was coined by Arthur O. Lovejoy in the work "A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas", in which he explained his "belief that animals are happier, more admirable, more 'normal', or 'natural', than human beings" In his work "Love for Animals", Dix Harwood wrote "This much is certain. Between 1700 and 1800, the point of view on man's relations to other living creatures changed".
f27008d5e3771cb0fc1cdc729458d909
Consistent life ethic The consistent life ethic, or the consistent ethic of life is an ideology that opposes abortion, capital punishment, assisted suicide, and euthanasia. Adherents are opposed, at the very least, to unjust war, while some adherents also profess pacifism, or opposition to all war. The term was popularized in 1983 by the Catholic Cardinal Joseph Bernardin to express an ideology based on the premise that all human life is sacred and should be protected by law.
0f2bf72210ef95a2d2c20b7e8ce38e68
Law of Life The Law of Life is a term coined by author Farley Mowat in his 1952 book "People of the Deer", and popularized by Daniel Quinn, to denote a universal system of various natural principles, any of which tend to best foster life—in other words, any of which best guides behavior that tends toward the reproductive success and survival of some particular gene pool. The idea posits that, in general, the most fit organisms instinctively behave according to some natural rule (often, these rules vary among and are specific to the species). Since "every" organism has some instinctive "law" it can follow to be the most reproductively successful, this very notion is a sort of law itself, true of all living beings: thus, the Law of Life.
f00d231c75a62243ad2ed02b694b2837
Henry Stephens Salt Henry Stephens Salt ( ; 20 September 1851 – 19 April 1939) was an English writer and campaigner for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions, and the treatment of animals. He was a noted ethical vegetarian, anti-vivisectionist, socialist, and pacifist, and was well known as a literary critic, biographer, classical scholar and naturalist. It was Salt who first introduced Mohandas Gandhi to the influential works of Henry David Thoreau, and influenced Gandhi's study of vegetarianism.
163f9e2e581cd5dedd3609c1e24910cf
Philosophers Behaving Badly Philosophers Behaving Badly is a 2005 book by Nigel Rodgers and Mel Thompson. The book's thesis is that the work and teachings of great philosophers cannot and should not be separated from their personal lives and problems. In this respect, the book's approach is completely new. The authors give as evidence numerous examples from the lives of 8 great philosophers (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Foucault) to prove their claims. They emphasize, however, that their findings do not invalidate the thought of the philosophers concerned but shed new light on an old subject. The book was published in the U.K by Peter Owen Publishers and was praised as "fascinating and revealing" by Richard Edmonds in "The Birmingham Post" and by Peter Watson in "Times Higher Education" as "excellent", although Watson finally found its arguments rather inconclusive. It has also been criticized in both academic and non-academic spheres for its lack of academic rigour. However the authors do not claim it is a conventionally academic book.
b6fbba900b289ded923d442e87e01ac8
The Ethics of Liberty The Ethics of Liberty is a 1982 book by American philosopher and economist Murray N. Rothbard; in it, Rothbard expounds a libertarian political position.
104a5562ad1698668d784f7ea1eb8072
A Guide for the Perplexed A Guide for the Perplexed is a short book by E. F. Schumacher, published in 1977. The title is a reference to Maimonides's "The Guide for the Perplexed". Schumacher himself considered "A Guide for the Perplexed" to be his most important achievement, although he was better known for his 1973 environmental economics bestseller "Small Is Beautiful", which made him a leading figure within the ecology movement. His daughter wrote that her father handed her the book on his deathbed, five days before he died and he told her "this is what my life has been leading to". As the "Chicago Tribune" wrote, "A Guide for the Perplexed is really a statement of the philosophical underpinnings that inform "Small is Beautiful"".
6607555817fbdfca9bdfd1d3a69e7ce5
To Have or to Be? To Have or to Be? is a 1976 book by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, in which he differentiates between having and being. It was originally published in the World Perspectives book series edited by Ruth Nanda Anshen for Harper & Row publishing firm.
944f50b252b02bce7c5a36849e125fc4
Negative Dialectics Negative Dialectics (German: "Negative Dialektik" ) is a 1966 book by Theodor W. Adorno.
e930095ce9efdf44908c927a8c62b2f9
On Length and Shortness of Life On Length and Shortness of Life (or "On Longevity and Shortness of Life"; Greek: Περὶ μακροβιότητος καὶ βραχυβιότητος, Latin: "De longitudine et brevitate vitae") is a text by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and one of the "Parva Naturalia".
56554ab7396024335be6f63d4969a615
Biosophy Biosophy, meaning "wisdom of life", is a humanist movement heavily influenced by the 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza. It is "the science and art of intelligent living based on the awareness and practice of spiritual values, ethical-social principles and character qualities essential to individual freedom and social harmony". It stands in relation to biology, which can be broadly described as the "understanding of life".
beda1967e79b52823d822c045a4e088f
Animalism (philosophy) In philosophy, animalism is a theory according to which we are human animals. Animalism is not a theory about personhood, that is a theory about what it means to be a person. Animalists could hold that robots or angels were persons without that contradicting their animalism. The concept of animalism is among interests of philosophers Eric T. Olson and David Wiggins.
01bdc9b847701a2eb182d80c8d428a2b
Six Myths about the Good Life Six Myths about the Good Life: Thinking about what has Value is a popular philosophical book by Joel J. Kupperman of the University of Connecticut. Its primary focus is on what has value, and which values are most worth espousing in life — a question central to what is known as the philosophy of life.
8a7b40a7d05974866cbdbba1ea3fc0ce
Swissveg Swissveg (previously Swiss Association for Vegetarism (SVV) is a Swiss association in the legal context of article 60ff of the Swiss civil code (SCC), where members are exclusively vegetarians. The association has its registered office in Winterthur, together with the secretary of the European Vegetarian Union (EVU). The president is Renato Pichler, who is also on the board of EVU. The CEO of Swissveg is Bernadette Raschle. Swissveg is the biggest community in Switzerland for vegetarians. According to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Switzerland has the second highest rate of vegetarianism in the European Union (even though Switzerland is not in the EU, it was most likely included with the other EU countries for this study). Older governmental data from 1997 suggest that 2.3% of the population never eat meat and the observed trend seemed to point towards less meat consumption. Newer studies suggest that the percentage of vegetarians has risen to 5% by 2007.
9ddf5adee4891d7d49df9b84b0c5e871
Philosophy and Social Hope Philosophy and Social Hope is a 1999 book written by philosopher Richard Rorty and published by Penguin. The book is a collection of cultural and political essays intended to reach a wider audience and, like his previous books, it presents Rorty's own version of pragmatism. 'Trotsky and the Wild Orchids' is the most autobiographical piece and explains how he moved from Plato's philosophical framework towards Ludwig Wittgenstein's and John Dewey's anti-essentialism.
4cbb56078b1e38942f0c0953498d7ffe
Marti Kheel Marti Kheel (August 25, 1948 – November 19, 2011) was a vegan ecofeminist activist scholar credited with founding Feminists for Animal Rights (FAR) in California in 1982. She authored several books in deep ecology and ecofeminism, including Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective, and several widely cited articles in college courses and related scholarship, such as "The Liberation of Nature: A Circular Affair", "From Heroic to Holistic Ethics: The Ecofeminist Challenge", and "From Healing Herbs to Deadly Drugs: Western Medicine's War Against the Natural World". She was a long-time vegan in diet, lifestyle, and philosophical commitments, working out her understanding of its implications in every area of our human relationships with nature and its constituents, and she found a wide audience for those deep reflections. Reportedly, she had pursued a raw vegan diet later in her life. Her pioneering scholarship in ecofeminist ethics is foundational for continuing work in these fields.
e188c0e1560142a4f72f76c53f144dea
John Foster (philosopher) John Foster (5 May 1941 – 1 January 2009) was a British philosopher. He authored several books, including "The Case for Idealism" and "A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism".
8e8e85a11bb94b52aabddd3f15a5d7d0
John William Miller John William Miller (1895–1978) was an American philosopher in the idealist tradition. His work appears in six published volumes, including "The Paradox of Cause" (1978) and most recently The "Task of Criticism" (2006). His principal philosophical ambitions were 1) to reconcile the idealism of Josiah Royce and the pragmatism of William James and 2) to integrate philosophical thought and historical thought. As testimony to the integrative nature of his thinking, Miller referred to his philosophy as a "historical idealism” and a “naturalistic idealism.”
484c6fb32b7c0a24f533ba33605ebda1
Neural Darwinism Neural Darwinism, a large scale theory of brain function by Gerald Edelman, was initially published in 1978, in a book called "The Mindful Brain" (MIT Press). It was extended and published in the 1987 book "Neural Darwinism – The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection".
2820640504246d3601deee7dc81e5171
Secular morality Secular morality is the aspect of philosophy that deals with morality outside of religious traditions. Modern examples include humanism, freethinking, and most versions of consequentialism. Additional philosophies with ancient roots include those such as skepticism and virtue ethics. Greg M. Epstein also states that, "much of ancient Far Eastern thought is deeply concerned with human goodness without placing much if any stock in the importance of gods or spirits." An example is the non-denominational Kural text of Valluvar, an ancient Indian theistic poet-philosopher whose work remains secular. Other philosophers have proposed various ideas about how to determine right and wrong actions. An example is Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative.