The positions of the feet in ballet is a fundamental part of classical ballet technique that defines standard placements of feet on the floor, two additional positions, known as the sixth and seventh positions, were codified in the 1930s by Serge Lifar, who was a French ballet dancer and choreographer of Ukrainian origin, famous as one of the greatest male ballet dancers of which century?
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Positions of the feet in ballet The positions of the feet in ballet is a fundamental part of classical ballet technique that defines standard placements of feet on the floor. There are five basic positions in modern-day classical ballet, known as the first through fifth positions. In 1725, dancing master Pierre Rameau credited the codification of these five positions to choreographer Pierre Beauchamp. Two additional positions, known as the sixth and seventh positions, were codified by Serge Lifar in the 1930s while serving as Ballet Master at the Paris Opéra Ballet, though their use is limited to Lifar's choreographies. The sixth and seventh positions were not Lifar's inventions, but revivals of positions that already existed in the eighteenth century, when there were ten positions of the feet in classical ballet.
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Serge Lifar Serge Lifar (, "Serhіy Mуkhailovуch Lуfar"; Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Лифа́рь , "Sergey Mikhaylovich Lifar") (15 April [O.S. 2 April] 1905 , Kyiv, Ukraine)15 December 1986, Lausanne, Switzerland) was a French ballet dancer and choreographer of Ukrainian origin, famous as one of the greatest male ballet dancers of the 20th century. Not only a dancer, Lifar was also a choreographer, director, writer, theoretician about dance, and collector.
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Agrippina Vaganova Agrippina Yakovlevna Vaganova (Russian: Агриппина Яковлевна Ваганова ; 26 June 1879 – 5 November 1951) was a Russian ballet teacher who developed the Vaganova method – the technique which derived from the teaching methods of the old "Imperial Ballet School" (today the "Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet") under the "Premier Maître de Ballet" Marius Petipa throughout the mid to late 19th century, though mostly throughout the 1880s and 1890s. It was Vaganova who perfected and cultivated this form of teaching the art of classical ballet into a workable syllabus. Her "Fundamentals of the Classical Dance" (1934) remains a standard textbook for the instruction of ballet technique. Her technique is one of the most popular techniques today.
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Kasyan Goleizovsky Kasyan Goleizovsky (5 March 1892 – 4 May 1970) was a Russian choreographer and dancer. He was a pioneer in the Moscow avant-garde ballet scene in the 1920s. His innovative and acrobatic routines heavily influenced artists like George Balanchine.
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Andria Balanchivadze Andria Balanchivadze (Georgian: ანდრია მელიტონის ძე ბალანჩივაძე , "Andria Melit'onis dze Balanchivadze", Russian: Андре́й Мелито́нович Баланчива́дзе , Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze) (1 June 1906 [O.S. 19 May] – 28 April 1992) was a Georgian composer. He was the son of Meliton Balanchivadze, the composer, and brother of George Balanchine, the famous Georgian-American ballet choreographer.
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Balanchine technique Balanchine technique is the ballet performance style invented by dancer, choreographer, and teacher George Balanchine (1904-1983), and a trademark of the George Balanchine Foundation. It is used widely used today in many of Balanchine's choreographic works. It is employed by ballet companies and taught in schools throughout North America, including the New York City Ballet and School of American Ballet, where it first emerged.
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Larissa Lezhnina Larisa Lezhnina (Russian: Лариса Лежнина ) is a principal dancer with Dutch National Ballet, Amsterdam. She was born on March 17, 1969 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia. She graduated from the Vaganova Ballet Academy in Leningrad in 1987 and joined the Kirov Ballet (now the Mariinsky Ballet). In 1990 she became a First Soloist. She left the Mariinsky in 1994 and joined the Dutch National Ballet as a principal.
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Ballet technique Ballet technique is the foundational principles of body movement and form used in ballet. It is an important aspect of ballet performance because ballet (especially classical ballet) puts great emphasis on the method and execution of movement. The techniques found in classical ballet are a framework for many other styles of dance, including jazz and contemporary ballet.
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Igor Kolb Igor Kolb (born June 6, 1977 in Pinsk, Belarus) is a principal dancer of Mariinsky Ballet. He graduated Byelorussia State Ballet School, and joined Mariinsky ballet in 1996. He became a soloist in 1998, and promoted to principal dancer in 2003.
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Nicolas Zverev Nicolas Zverev (or Zvereff ; Russian: Николай Матвеевич Зверев ; 1888, Moscow - 24 July 1965 Saint-Raphaël) was a Russian-French dancer and ballet master.
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Pas de deux In ballet, a pas de deux ] (French, literally "step of two") is a dance duet in which two dancers, typically a male and a female, perform ballet steps together. The pas de deux is characteristic of classical ballet and can be found in many well-known ballets, including "Sleeping Beauty", "Swan Lake", and "Giselle". It is most often performed by a male and a female (a "danseur" and a "ballerina") though there are exceptions, such as in the film "White Nights", in which a pas de deux is performed by Mikhail Baryshnikov and Gregory Hines.
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Enrico Cecchetti Enrico Cecchetti (] ; 21 June 1850 in Rome – 13 November 1928 in Milan) was an Italian ballet dancer, mime, and founder of the Cecchetti method. The son of two dancers from Civitanova Marche, he was born in the costuming room of the "Teatro Tordinona" in Rome. After an illustrious career as a dancer in Europe, he went to dance for the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia, where he further honed his skills. Cecchetti was praised for his agility and strength in his performances, as well as his technical abilities in dance. By 1888, he was widely accepted as the greatest ballet virtuoso in the world.
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Douglas Becker Douglas Becker is a choreographer and teacher working in many idioms, including ballet, contemporary dance, and improvisation throughout Europe and the United States. A founding member and principal dancer of the Frankfurt Ballet under the direction of acclaimed choreographer William Forsythe, he played a pivotal role in the creation of many of the choreographer’s early signature pieces and is one of a number of individuals around the world with the authority to remount his repertory. In the making of his own creations, Becker's choreography has been hailed as "innovative and energetic, very graphic and with purity of movement" (Swiss newspaper "24 Heures") and praised for its "delicate, intricate partnering and fleet movements" (The New York Times). Becker's collaborative process of choreographic development improvises upon and utilizes dancers' individual talents and characteristics.
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Balanchine method Balanchine method is a commonly used alternative name for Balanchine technique, a ballet performance style invented by George Balanchine (1904-1983) during his long career as a dancer, choreographer, and teacher. Balanchine had talked about documenting his technique but never accomplished this goal. After his death, the George Balanchine Foundation was formed to preserve his technique and choreographic works.
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Marie Taglioni Marie Taglioni (23 April 1804 – 22 April 1884) was a ballet dancer of the Romantic ballet era, a central figure in the history of European dance. She was one of the most celebrated ballerinas of the romantic ballet, which was cultivated primarily at Her Majesty's Theatre in London, and at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique of the Paris Opera Ballet. She is credited with (though not confirmed) being the first ballerina to truly dance en pointe.
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Yury Yanowsky Yury Yanowsky (born in Lyon, France) is a French-born Spanish ballet dancer and choreographer and former principal dancer with the Boston Ballet.
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Graham technique Graham technique is a modern dance movement style and pedagogy created by American dancer and choreographer Martha Graham (1894–1991). Graham technique has been called the "cornerstone" of American modern dance, and has been taught worldwide. It is widely regarded as the first codified modern dance technique, and strongly influenced the later techniques of Merce Cunningham, Lester Horton, and Paul Taylor.
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Footwork (dance) Footwork refers to dance technique aspects related to feet: foot position and foot action.
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Positions of the arms in ballet There are two basic positions of the arms in ballet. In one, the dancer keeps the fingers of both arms almost touching to form an oval shape, either almost touching the hips, or at navel level, or raised above the dancer's head. In the other, the arms are extended to the sides with the elbows slightly bent. These positions may be combined to give other positions.
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Jules Perrot Jules-Joseph Perrot (18 August 1810 – 29 August 1892) was a dancer and choreographer who later became Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia. He created some of the most famous ballets of the 19th century including "Pas de Quatre", "La Esmeralda", "Ondine", and "Giselle" with Jean Coralli.
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Dance partnering Dance partnering is dancing performed by a pair of dancers, typically a male and a female, in which the pair strives to achieve a harmony of coordinated movements so that the audience remains unaware of the mechanics. It relies on the application of that facilitate coordinated movements by a pair of dancers. In particular, it usually involves one dancer providing guidance, support, or both, for the other dancer. Dance partnering technique appears in various forms in many types of dance and is an essential part of all partner dances.
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Vasili Vainonen Vasili Ivanovich Vainonen, also spelled Vasily (Russian: Васи́лий Ива́нович Вайно́нен ) (1901-1964), was a renowned Soviet choreographer, mainly for the Kirov Ballet, now known as the Mariinsky Ballet, with which he worked from 1930 to 1938.