In what year was the microbiologist who first developed the MMR vaccine born?
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MMR vaccine The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection. It was first developed by Maurice Hilleman while at Merck.
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Maurice Hilleman Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Of the 14 vaccines routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, pneumonia and "Haemophilus influenzae" bacteria. He also played a role in the discovery of the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses, and the cancer-causing virus SV40.
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Anthony S. Fauci Anthony Stephen "Tony" Fauci ( ) (born December 24, 1940) is an American immunologist who has made substantial contributions to HIV/AIDS research and other immunodeficiencies, both as a scientist and as the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
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Stephen Kuffler Stephen William Kuffler {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} (August 24 Tap, Hungary, 1913 – October 11, 1980) was a pre-eminent Hungarian-American neurophysiologist. He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Neuroscience". Kuffler, alongside noted Nobel Laureates Sir John Eccles and Sir Bernard Katz gave research lectures at the University of Sydney, strongly influencing its intellectual environment while working at Sydney Hospital. He founded the Harvard Neurobiology department in 1966, and made numerous seminal contributions to our understanding of vision, neural coding, and the neural implementation of behavior. He is known for his research on neuromuscular junctions in frogs, presynaptic inhibition, and the neurotransmitter GABA. In 1972, he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.
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Thomas Milton Rivers Thomas Milton Rivers (September 3, 1888 – May 12, 1962) was an American bacteriologist and virologist. The "father of modern virology."
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Pasteur Institute of India The Pasteur Institute of India produces DPT vaccine and rabies vaccine for the Expanded Program on Immunization in India. It is located in Coonoor, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. The institute was initially called the Pasteur Institute of Southern India. In 1907 it changed its name to the Pasteur Institute of India. In 1977 it became an autonomous body under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The institute is named after the French scientist, Louis Pasteur.
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Joseph Meister Joseph Meister (21 February 1876 – 24 June 1940) was the first person to be inoculated against rabies by Louis Pasteur, and the first person to be successfully treated for the infection.
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Albert Sabin Albert Bruce Sabin (August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was a Polish American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease.
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Alan Munro (immunologist) Alan James Munro (born 19 February 1937) is a British immunologist and entrepreneur.
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Albert Kapikian Albert Z. Kapikian (1930 – 2014) was an Armenian-American virologist who developed the first licensed vaccine against rotavirus, the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants. He was awarded the Sabin Gold Medal for his pioneering work on the vaccine. He is the 13th recipient of this recognition, awarded annually by the Sabin Vaccine Institute. Called the father of human gastroenteritis virus research, Kapikian identified the first norovirus, initially called Norwalk virus, in 1972; and he and his colleagues at the National Institutes of Health identified the hepatitis A virus in 1973.
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Daniel Nathans Daniel Nathans (October 30, 1928 – November 16, 1999) was an American microbiologist. He shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for the discovery of restriction enzymes.
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Kristaps Helmanis Kristaps Helmanis (German: "Christopher Hellmann" , Russian: Христофор Иванович Гельман ; 3 June 1848 – 2 March 1892) was a Latvian vaccinologist and microbiologist. He discovered tuberculin simultaneously with Robert Koch and mallein together with Oto Kalniņš (1891).
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M. Laurance Morse Melvin Laurance ("Larry") Morse (February 23, 1921 – November 7, 2003) was an American microbiologist. He is notable for his experiments (with Esther Lederberg and Joshua Lederberg) in specialized transduction.
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Josephine A. Morello Josephine Morello, Ph.D., an American microbiologist, is the founder and first editor-in-chief of the American Society for Microbiology' "Clinical Microbiology Reviews" She is also a founding co-editor of the "Clinical Microbiology Newsletter."
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Harry M. Rose Harry Melvin Rose (born May 30, 1906 in Niles, Ohio; died November 4, 1986 in Meredith, New Hampshire) was a microbiologist whose lab developed an accurate diagnostic test for rheumatoid arthritis in 1948 after Erik Waaler. He was among the first recipients of the Gairdner Foundation International Award for the test. He lived in Sandwich, New Hampshire.
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Thomas Meade Professor Thomas Wilson Meade CBE, FRCP FRS (born 1936), also known as Tom, is a British epidemiologist.
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William Pollack William Pollack (February 26, 1926 – November 3, 2013) was a British-born American immunologist who developed the Rho(D) immune globulin vaccine against Rh disease, a leading cause of erythroblastosis fetalis. Pollack co-developed the vaccine, also known by the RhoGAM brand name, which is given to pregnant women to prevent Rh disease, with Dr. Vincent Freda and Dr. John G. Gorman of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Pollack's vaccine, introduced in 1968, virtually eliminated cases of Rh disease in developed countries. Prior to the RhoGAM vaccine, Rh disease was responsible for approximately 10,000 infant deaths in the United States annually.
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Marvin P. Bryant Marvin P. Bryant (July 4, 1925–October 16, 2000), also known as “Marv”, was an American microbiologist and bacteriologist, Professor in the Departments of Dairy Science and Microbiology at the University of Illinois, a member of the National Academies of Science, editor in chief of the American Society of Microbiology Publications.
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Peter C. Doherty Peter Charles Doherty, (born 15 October 1940) is an Australian veterinary surgeon and researcher in the field of medicine. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997. In the Australia Day Honours of 1997, he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel. He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure. In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, Doherty's immune system research was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic "innovation and invention".
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Peter Medawar Sir Peter Brian Medawar {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist born in Brazil, whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants. For his works in immunology he is regarded as the "father of transplantation". He is remembered for his wit in real life and popular writings. Famous zoologists such as Richard Dawkins, referred to him as "the wittiest of all scientific writers", and Stephen Jay Gould, as "the cleverest man I have ever known".
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Félix d'Herelle Félix d'Hérelle (April 25, 1873 – February 22, 1949) was a French-Canadian microbiologist. He was co-discoverer of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) and experimented with the possibility of phage therapy. D'Herelle has also been credited for his contributions to the larger concept of applied microbiology.
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Kenneth Murray (biologist) Sir Kenneth "Ken" Murray FRS FRSE FRCPath (30 December 1930 – 7 April 2013) was an English molecular biologist and the Biogen Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh. His wife was Lady Noreen (née Parker), also a biologist. The team of Kenneth Murray developed the vaccine against hepatitis B and he is one of the founders of Biogen.