After Brown v. Board of Education, the Florida legislature opened Hampton Junior College in which city as one of 11 black community colleges to show that the education system was separate but equal?
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Hampton Junior College Hampton Junior College, located in Ocala, Florida, opened its doors in 1958. It was one of eleven black community colleges which were founded, at the urging of the Florida Legislature, to show that a "Separate but equal" educational system for blacks existed in Florida; the Legislature wished to avoid the integration mandated by the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. At the time, the closest public college that would accept negros was Florida A&M University, 175 miles away.
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Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the "Plessy v. Ferguson" decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." As a result, "de jure" racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. However, the decision's fourteen pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in "Brown II", 349 U.S. 294 (1955) only ordered states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed".
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Boca Raton Community High School Boca Raton Community High School is a public, coeducational high school that is part of the School District of Palm Beach County, Florida. The school has been rated an "A" school each consecutive year by the Florida Department of Education since the year 2005. In 2010, Boca High ranked 62 in the 2010 Newsweek list of the 1,000 Top High Schools. In 2011, Boca High was ranked 22nd in the country according to Newsweek.com.
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Seminole State College (Oklahoma) Seminole State College (formerly Seminole Junior College) is a state-supported community college in Seminole, Oklahoma.
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Florida Board of Regents The Florida Board of Regents was from 1965 to 2001 the governing body for the State University System of Florida, which includes all public universities in the state of Florida, United States. It was created to replace a predecessor body called the Florida Board of Control, which had existed from 1905. Its powers are now held by the Florida Board of Governors.
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Eastern Florida State College Eastern Florida State College, formerly Brevard Community College, is a public state college on Florida's Space Coast, in Brevard County, Florida. A member institution of the Florida College System, it has four campuses in Cocoa, Melbourne, Palm Bay, and Titusville, as well as an Aerospace program at Kennedy Space Center and a Virtual Campus.
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Hampton College (Durban, South Africa) Hampton College, a South African college, was established in 1985. It is situated in Durban and is a private school.
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Montgomery bus boycott The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, "Browder v. Gayle", took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. Many important figures in the Civil Rights Movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy.
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Jones College (Jacksonville) Jones College is a private college in Jacksonville, Florida. Founded in 1918, the college is non-profit and has an undergraduate body of roughly 350 students. It offers courses in business, education, management, medical assistant training, computer science, and general studies. The school is not regionally accredited. It was nationally accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS).
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Miami Beach, Florida Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 mi2 of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. As of the 2010 census, Miami Beach had a total population of 87,779. It has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.
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Virginia Randolph Virginia Estelle Randolph (August 6, 1870 – March 16, 1958) was an African-American educator in Henrico County, Virginia. She was named the United States' first "Jeanes Supervising Industrial Teacher" by her Superintendent of Schools, Jackson T. Davis, and she led a program funded by the Jeanes Foundation to upgrade vocational training throughout the U.S. South as her career progressed. Her work is widely associated with vocational education. Two schools of the Henrico County Public Schools system were named in her honor and in 2009 Randolph was posthumously honored by the Library of Virginia as one of their "Virginia Women in History" for her career and contributions to education.
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Southern Manifesto The Declaration of Constitutional Principles (known informally as the Southern Manifesto) was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians (99 Southern Democrats and two Republicans) from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The Congressmen drafted the document to counter the landmark Supreme Court 1954 ruling "Brown v. Board of Education", which determined that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and border states at the time.
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Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College The Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College was an African-American school in Seneca, South Carolina, from 1899 to 1939. This was in a period of segregated public schools in South Carolina.
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Joseph DeLaine Joseph Armstrong DeLaine (1898-1974) was a Methodist minister and civil rights leader from Clarendon County, South Carolina. He received a B.A. from Allen University in 1931, working as a laborer and running a dry cleaning business to pay for his education. DeLaine worked with Modjeska Simkins and the South Carolina NAACP on the case "Briggs v. Elliott", which challenged segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. The case was one of the five cases argued under "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954). Due to his involvement in the case, DeLaine's home and church were burned down.
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Palmetto Education Association The Palmetto Education Association was a professional association and teachers' union representing teachers in all-black schools (at that time were referred to as "colored schools") in South Carolina during racial segregation in the United States.
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Charles Hamilton Houston Charles Hamilton Houston (September 3, 1895 – April 22, 1950) was a prominent African-American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School, and NAACP first special counsel, or Litigation Director. A graduate of Amherst College and Harvard Law School, Houston played a significant role in dismantling Jim Crow laws, especially attacking segregation in schools and racial housing convenants. He earned the title "The Man Who Killed Jim Crow".
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Brown University Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.
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Florida A&amp;M University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, commonly known as FAMU, is a public, historically black university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Florida A&M University was founded on the highest of seven hills in Tallahassee, Florida on October 3, 1887. It is one of the largest historically black universities in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida, as well as one of the state's land grant universities, and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
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Silliman Institute Silliman Institute is a private coeducational school located in Clinton, Louisiana. It was founded in 1852, and reopened in 1966 by parents who opposed government intervention in education, especially desegregation of Louisiana's segregated school system. Today, the vast majority of students are still racially white, but the student body is also made up of a minority of other ethnic backgrounds. The school enrolls students from throughout East and West Feliciana Parish, and surrounding areas.
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History of the University of Florida The history of the University of Florida is firmly tied to the history of public education in the state of Florida. The University of Florida originated as several distinct institutions that were consolidated to create a single state-supported university by the Buckman Act of 1905. The earliest of these was the East Florida Seminary, one of two seminaries of higher learning established by the Florida Legislature. The East Florida Seminary opened in 1853, becoming the first state-supported institution of higher learning in the state of Florida; the University of Florida traces its founding date to that year.
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Booker T. Washington Community Center The Booker T. Washington Community Center is a community center at 1114 West Johnson Street in Staunton, Virginia. It is located in the former Booker T. Washington High School for Coloreds, a two-story Art Deco brick building designed by Raymond V. Long and built in 1936. A 1960 addition to the rear of the building has a more Modern treatment. It was the Staunton area's only high school for African-American students for thirty years, and one of its few meeting points for African-American organizations until the city's public facilities were integrated. The school was closed in 1966, and was used by the Staunton Police Department from 1967 to 1986.
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Grand Contraband Camp, Virginia Grand Contraband Camp was located in Elizabeth City County on the Virginia Peninsula near Fort Monroe during and immediately after the American Civil War. The area was a refuge for escaped slaves who the Union forces refused to return to their former Confederate masters, by defining them as "Contraband of War". The Grand Contraband Camp was the first self-contained black community in the United States and occupied the area of the downtown section of the present-day independent city of Hampton, Virginia.