Stefan Mokrzecki was once a member of armed forces of what republic that was created in 1920?
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Stefan Mokrzecki Stefan Mokrzecki of Ostoja coat of arms (1862–1932) was a general in the Russian Army and the Polish Army. During Polish-Soviet War commanded 8 DP and other units. Later member of armed forces of Republic of Central Lithuania. Retired in 1925. He was brother of Adam Mokrzecki that also was a general in Russian army to end as general of Polish army.
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Republic of Central Lithuania The Republic of Central Lithuania or Middle Lithuania (Polish: "Republika Litwy Środkowej" , Lithuanian: "Vidurio Lietuvos Respublika" , Belarusian: Рэспубліка Сярэдняе Літвы / "Respublika Siaredniaje Litvy" ), or Central Lithuania (Polish: "Litwa Środkowa" , Lithuanian: "Vidurio Lietuva" or "Vidurinė Lietuva" , Belarusian: Сярэдняя Літва / "Siaredniaja Litva" ), was a short-lived political entity, which did not gain international recognition. The republic was created in 1920 following the staged rebellion of soldiers of the 1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Infantry Division of the Polish Army under Lucjan Żeligowski, supported by the Polish air force, cavalry and artillery. Centered on the historical capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilna (Lithuanian: "Vilnius" , Polish: "Wilno" ), for eighteen months the entity served as a buffer state between Poland, upon which it depended, and Lithuania, which claimed the area. After a variety of delays, a disputed election took place on January 8, 1922, and the territory was annexed to Poland.
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Confederation (Poland) A konfederacja (] , "confederation") was an "ad hoc" association formed by Polish-Lithuanian "szlachta" (nobility), clergy, cities, or military forces in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the attainment of stated aims. A konfederacja often took the form of an armed rebellion aimed at redressing perceived abuses or trespasses of some (e.g. royal) authority. Such "confederations" acted in lieu of state authority or to force their demands upon that authority. They could be seen as a primary expression of direct democracy and right of revolution in the Commonwealth, and as a way for the nobles to act on their grievances and against the state's central authority.
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Stanisław Mokronowski Stanisław Mokronowski (1761, in Bogucin – 1821, in Warsaw) was a prominent member of the Polish landed gentry of Bogoria coat of arms. A general of the Polish Army and a royal Chamberlain, Mokronowski took part in both the Polish–Russian War of 1792 (War in the Defence of the Constitution) and Kościuszko's Uprising of 1794.
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Union of Active Struggle Związek Walki Czynnej (abbreviation: "ZWC"; Union of Active Struggle; also translated as "Union for Active Struggle" and "Union for Active Resistance") was a Polish secret military organization founded in June 1908 in Lwów by Józef Piłsudski, Marian Kukiel, Kazimierz Sosnkowski and Władysław Sikorski, all members of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party's Revolutionary Faction.
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East Upper Silesia East Upper Silesia (German: "Ostoberschlesien" ) is a term denoting the easternmost extremity of Silesia, the eastern part of the Upper Silesian region around the city of Katowice (German: "Kattowitz" ). The term is used primarily to denote those areas that became part of the Second Polish Republic on 20 June 1922, as a consequence of the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles. Prior to World War II, the Second Polish Republic administered the area as Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. East Upper Silesia was also known as Polish (Upper) Silesia, and the German (Upper) Silesia was known as West Upper Silesia.
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Army of Congress Poland Army of the Congress Poland refers to the military forces of the Kingdom of Poland that existed in the period 1815–1831.
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Hungarian Republic (1919–20) The Hungarian Republic (Hungarian: "Magyar Köztársaság" ) was a short-lived republic that existed between August 1919 and February 1920 in the central and western portions of the former Hungarian Kingdom (encompassing most of present-day Hungary and parts of Austria, Slovakia and Slovenia). The state was established in the aftermath of the Hungarian Revolutions of 1918–1919 by counter-revolutionary forces who sought to return to the status quo prior to 31 October 1918.
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Lublin Army Lublin Army (Polish: "Armia Lublin" ) was an improvised Polish Army created on September 4, 1939 from the Warsaw Armoured Motorized Brigade and various smaller units concentrated around the cities of Lublin, Sandomierz and upper Vistula river. It was commanded by Maj. Gen. Tadeusz Piskor. Lublin Army was not part of prewar Polish operational plans. It was improvised when it became obvious that quickly advancing Wehrmacht armored and motorized units would reach the Vistula river line.
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Kapp Putsch The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish a right-wing autocratic government in its place. It was supported by parts of the "Reichswehr" (military) and other conservative, nationalist and monarchist factions.
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Military of Transnistria The Armed Forces of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (; "Forțele armate ale Republicii Moldovenești Nistreene", Russian: Вооружённые силы Приднестровской Молдавской Республики ; "Vooruzhyonniye Sily Pridnestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki", Ukrainian: Збройні сили Придністровської Молдавської Республіки ; "Zbroini syly Prydnistrovśkoi Moldavśkoi Respubliky"), are the military forces of the semi-recognised state of Transnistria. The Armed Forces were created on 6 September 1991 to protect the sovereignty and independence of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, in accordance with Article 11 of the Republic's Constitution.
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Legislative Sejm (Second Polish Republic) Legislative Sejm (Polish: "Sejm Ustawodawczy" ) of the Second Polish Republic was the first national parliament (Sejm) of the newly independent Second Polish Republic. It was elected in the Polish legislative election, 1919.
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Komancza Republic The Komancza Republic, also known as the Eastern Lemko Republic (Східно-Ле́мківська Республіка), is an informal name of a short-lived microstate, an association of thirty three Lemko villages, seated in Komańcza in eastern Lemkivshchyna, that existed between 4 November 1918 and 23 January 1919. It was headed by Head of the Council (голова Повітової Української Національної Ради, Head of the "powiat" Ukrainian National "Rada") .
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Military Council of National Salvation The Military Council of National Salvation (Polish: "Wojskowa Rada Ocalenia Narodowego" , abbreviated WRON) was a military junta administering the People's Republic of Poland during the period of the martial law in Poland (1981–1983).
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Janusz Bokszczanin "Podpułkownik" Janusz Bokszczanin (1894, Grodno – 1973) was a colonel of the Polish Army and one of the first Polish commanders of the motorized troops in the reborn Second Polish Republic. During World War II he joined the ZWZ resistance organization and later the Home Army (Armia Krajowa). Until 1943 he served as chief of department of "rapid response" within its headquarters. In 1944, prior to the anti-Fascist Operation Tempest, he became the chief of operations, and deputy chief of staff of the entire Home Army (AK).
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Hungarian National Council The Hungarian National Council (Hungarian: "Magyar Nemzeti Tanács" ) was an institution from the time of transition from the Kingdom of Hungary (part of Austria-Hungary) to the People's Republic in 1918. At the congress of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) in October 1918 called for the Socialist Left József Pogány minority to its own policy, which should be based on the emerging workers 'and soldiers' councils. In contrast prevailed Zsigmond Kunfi in the MSZDP that the liberal left "48" party of Count Mihály Károlyi and the bourgeois radical party of Oszkár Jászi was entered into an alliance. These three parties formed on 25 October, the Hungarian National Council (see also Aster Revolution).
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Organisation Consul Organisation Consul (O.C.) was an ultra-nationalist force operating in Germany in 1921 and 1922. It was formed by members of the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt, a Freikorps unit which disbanded after the Kapp Putsch failed to overthrow the German Weimar Republic. It was responsible for the assassinations of the Republic's Minister of Finance, Matthias Erzberger, in August 1921 and Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau in June 1922. Erzberger was targeted because he had signed the 1918 armistice.
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Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian: Вооружённые Си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции , "Vooruzhonnije Síly Rossíyskoj Federátsii" ) are the military service of the Russian Federation, established after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 7 May 1992, Boris Yeltsin signed a presidential decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Defence and placing all Soviet Armed Forces troops on the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under Russian control. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is the President of Russia. The Russian Armed Forces were formed in 1992.
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Regia Aeronautica The Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica Italiana) was the name of the air force of the Kingdom of Italy. It was established as a service independent of the Royal Italian Army from 1923 until 1946. In 1946, the monarchy was abolished and the Kingdom of Italy became the Italian Republic, whereupon the name of the air force changed to Aeronautica Militare.
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Battle of Kobryń (1920) The Battle of Kobryn took place on September 11–23, 1920, during the Polish-Soviet War. Polish Fourth Army, commanded by General Leondard Skierski defeated Soviet forces in the area of Kobryn (current Belarus).
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Konstantin Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich (Xaverevich) Rokossovsky (December 21 1896 – August 3, 1968) was a Soviet officer of Polish origin who became Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland and served as Poland's Defence Minister. He was among the most prominent Red Army commanders of World War II, especially renowned for his planning and executing of Operation Bagration, one of the most decisive Red Army successes of the Second World War.
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Territorial Defense Forces (Poland) The Territorial Defense Forces (Polish: "Obrona Terytorium Kraju - OTK" ) was an armed force responsible for the internal security of Poland and separate from the Polish Army. The OTK existed from 1965 until 2008. As initially organized, OTK forces included both an "Internal Defense Army" and the "Border Defense Force". This style of internal security organization corresponded to that used by the Soviet Union during the same period. After the fall of communism in Poland, changed political priorities led to the reduction of OTK forces. By 1 July 2008, the last of its battalions were converted to mechanized units of the army.