Which of these programs has already launched, Astron or James Webb Space Telescope?
2f28c5884e9b32232558344c823063c0
Astron (spacecraft) Astron was a Soviet spacecraft launched on 23 March 1983 at 12:45:06 UTC, using Proton launcher, which was designed to fulfill an astrophysics mission. It was based on the 4MV spacecraft design and was operational for six years as the largest ultraviolet space telescope during its lifetime. The project was headed by Alexandr Boyarchuk.
d2d8de0d5c953adc92fd3fe735ef36b9
James Webb Space Telescope The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope that is part of NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope program, developed in coordination between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. It is scheduled to launch in 2019 and will be located near the Earth–Sun L lagrangian point. The telescope will offer unprecedented resolution and sensitivity from the long-wavelength (orange to red) visible light through the mid-infrared (0.6 to 27 micrometer) range.
e9a05720bcb036020eadaed2137f2837
Meade LX200 The Meade LX200 is a family of commercial telescopes produced by Meade Instruments launched in 1992 with 8" (20.32 cm) and a 10" (25.4 cm) Schmidt–Cassegrain models on computerized altazimuth mounts. Two larger models, a 12" (30.48 cm) and a 16" (40.64 cm), quickly followed. It became the best-selling serious amateur telescope. The original version was later informally named the "classic" LX200 as newer upgraded versions replaced it. The first of these was the LX200GPS, which featured global positioning system electronics. A 14 in LX200GPS was later added to the line.
b0c18997082e3a1c4a5eeefe4e8baad0
Astrotech Corporation Astrotech Corporation, formerly Spacehab Inc., is a technology incubator headquartered in Austin, Texas. Astrotech uses technology sourced internally and from research institutions, government laboratories, and universities to fund, manage and sell start-up companies.
8d2a9a139b3e15d611dc52e9b82dc466
Satellite Program Network Satellite Program Network (SPN) was a satellite and cable TV network which broadcast in the United States from 1979 to 1990. SPN was created by Ed Taylor, an associate of Ted Turner and the head of the Southern Satellite Systems company. In 1985, SPN was acquired by Satellite Syndicated Systems.
986b24b95d4d2c03530e910e0b854baf
Radio Solar Telescope Network The Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) is a network of solar observatories maintained and operated by the 557th Weather Wing, ACC. The RSTN consists of ground-based observatories in Australia, Italy, Massachusetts, New Mexico and Hawaii.
600f0d5a1db59d29b5e96f5aa7d4e3e5
STS-61 STS-61 was the first Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, and the fifth flight of the Space Shuttle "Endeavour". The mission launched on 2 December 1993 from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The mission restored the spaceborne observatory's vision, marred by spherical aberration, with the installation of a new main camera and a corrective optics package. This correction occurred more than three and a half years after the Hubble was launched aboard STS-31 in April 1990. The flight also brought instrument upgrades and new solar arrays to the telescope. With its very heavy workload, the STS-61 mission was one of the most complex in the Shuttle's history. It lasted almost 11 days, and crew members made five spacewalks (EVAs), an all-time record. Even the re-positioning of Intelsat VI on STS-49 in May 1992 required only four. The flight plan allowed for two additional EVAs, which could have raised the total number to seven. The final two contingency EVAs were not made. In order to complete the mission without too much fatigue, the five extravehicular working sessions were shared between two pairs of different astronauts alternating their shifts.
ae55b6ab6bbd9e5ee3f7ad82b23a0283
Small Astronomy Satellite 2 The Small Astronomy Satellite 2, also known also as SAS-2, SAS B or Explorer 48, was a NASA gamma ray telescope. It was launched on 15 November 1972 into the low Earth orbit with a periapsis of 443 km and an apoapsis of 632 km. It completed its observations on 8 June 1973.
85c27d363bec7c3aea658d4975f6f13a
AstroGrid AstroGrid was a £7.7M project which built a data-grid for UK astronomy, forming part of the UK contribution to the International Virtual Observatory. AstroGrid announced its first full production release on 1 April 2008.
060d1caf5e01e9bd88d74ee6489fc93d
National Astronomical Observatory of China The National Astronomy Observatory of China (NAOC, the acronym was officially claimed as standing for National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ) was founded on April 25, 2001 through the merging of four CAS observatories, three CAS observing stations and one CAS research centre. The Headquarters of the NAOC are situated in the northern suburbs of Beijing on the site of the former Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO), and take responsibility for all matters relating to the former BAO. The reformation of management structure imitated to National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) and National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) of USA and National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
1888c506e70ac5378eca6ec14ada566b
PLATO (spacecraft) Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) is a space observatory under development by the European Space Agency for launch in 2026. The mission goals are to search for planetary transits of up to one million stars, to discover and characterize rocky extrasolar planets around yellow dwarf stars like our sun, subgiant stars, and red dwarf stars. The emphasis of the mission is on earth-like planets in the habitable zone around sun-like stars where water can exist in liquid state.
2051a09d9010031ae8f4feeb2d58cafc
European Satellite Navigation Competition The European Satellite Navigation Competition (ESNC) is an annual international innovation competition that recognises the best ideas in the field of downstream applications based on satellite navigation. From companies and research institutes to students and other independent individuals, anyone is free to enter. Ideas can be submitted at the competition homepage www.esnc.eu annually from 1 April to 30 June. The ESNC was inaugurated in three regions in 2004 under the patronage of the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and is organised by Anwendungszentrum GmbH Oberpfaffenhofen (AZO). Since then, the competition has transformed into an international network that embodies innovation and expertise with the support of the most relevant stakeholders in the field, such as the European GNSS Agency (GSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Since 2011, the competition is also supported by the European Commission. Until 2006, the ESNC was called “Galileo Masters" in reference to the European satellite navigation system Galileo.
1244fd722b38e2c05619b280aead7a95
Darwin (spacecraft) Darwin was a suggested ESA Cornerstone mission which would have involved a constellation of four to nine spacecraft designed to directly detect Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars and search for evidence of life on these planets. The most recent design envisaged three free-flying space telescopes, each three to four metres in diameter, flying in formation as an astronomical interferometer. These telescopes were to redirect light from distant stars and planets to a fourth spacecraft, which would have contained the beam combiner, spectrometers, and cameras for the interferometer array, and which would have also acted as a communications hub. There was also an earlier design, called the "Robin Laurance configuration," which included six 1.5 metre telescopes, a beam combiner spacecraft, and a separate power and communications spacecraft.
fee74261fee3bd5675f82201050e38cf
James O'Loghlin James O'Loghlin (born 1966 in Melbourne) is an Australian television and radio presenter. He works for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Local Radio evening program in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory.
dee000fbecda5d7f0e42f9f9cf33ecee
OTE Pathfinder The OTE Pathfinder for (Optical Telescope Element Pathfinder), or JWST Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator/test article for the James Webb Space Telescope. It is a non-flight replica of the actual backplane, but only includes the center section not the two "Wings" on the side the extend and have additional segments on the actual JWST. It has been used for various tests and has some different configurations, but some of the major tests have been practicing installing mirror segments with non-flight hardware as well as thermal tests. The Pathfinder has also been tested in conjunction with flight hardware including the Aft Optics System. One of the goals and uses of the pathfinder is risk reduction for JWST program. The pathfinder allows practicing integration and testing procedures, and for risk mitigation With the Pathfinder it was possible to test phasing two mirrors together and also to do tests with the Aft Optical System. The OTE Pathfinder was part of the plan for integration and testing of JWST, and in particular supported the Optical Telescope Element (primary mirror, backplane, etc.).
475ea97f6d45f5550aaa271a17e572e6
International Observe the Moon Night International Observe the Moon Night (InOMN) is an annual public outreach event sponsored by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission and other NASA and astronomical organizations that encourages observation, appreciation, and understanding of our Moon and its connection to planetary science and exploration. Everyone on Earth is invited to join the celebration by hosting or attending an InOMN event — and uniting on one day each year to look at and learn about the Moon together. First organized in 2010, there are usually over 500 events annually in over 40 countries, hosted by universities, observatories, NASA Centers, schools, museums, parks, libraries, and amateur astronomers. Some events are offered both in person and via internet streaming video.The date is selected to enhance visibility of lunar topography.
b108113063fe86841b56c007bf670096
Astrophysics and Space Science Astrophysics and Space Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering astronomy, astrophysics, and space science and astrophysical aspects of astrobiology. It was established in 1968 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Michael A. Dopita (Australian National University).
a0608370c6c5a0f5e8f8fbccad2a1b83
Gamma (satellite) Gamma was a Soviet gamma ray telescope. It was launched on 11 July 1990 into an orbit around Earth with a height of 375 km and an inclination of 51.6 degrees. It lasted for around 2 years. On board the mission were three telescopes, all of which could be pointed at the same source. The project was a joint Soviet-French project.
43136867012868d68c17d0989570b89a
Astrovirtel The ASTROVIRTEL (Accessing Astronomical Archives as Virtual Telescopes) Project was funded from 2000 until 2003. It was supported by the European Commission’s Access to Research Infrastructures action of the Improving Human Potential Programme and managed by the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF) on behalf of European Space Agency (ESA) and European Southern Observatory (ESO).
8879da44803406e4b6255e078ead6652
Comparison of Asian national space programs Several Asian countries have space programs and are actively competing to achieve scientific and technological advancements in space, a situation sometimes referred to as the Asian space race in the popular media as a reference to the earlier Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Like the previous space race, issues involved in the current push to space include national security, which has spurred many countries to send artificial satellites as well as humans into Earth orbit and beyond. A number of Asian countries are seen as contenders in the ongoing race to be the pre-eminent power in space.
3791e8133398c3acfb8c8d4671f5540c
DOME project DOME is a Dutch government-funded project between IBM and ASTRON in form of a public-private-partnership focussing on the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the world's largest planned radio telescope. SKA will be built in Australia and South Africa. The DOME project objective is technology roadmap development that applies both to SKA and IBM. The 5-year project was started in 2012 and is co-funded by the Dutch government and IBM Research in Zürich, Switzerland.
a8fcd8671db0fe47430c5ded91a25872
Hubble Live Hubble Live, fully titled Hubble Live: The Final Mission, was a one-hour live American television special presentation that premiered on May 11, 2009 on the Science Channel. The program covered the launch of Space Shuttle "Atlantis" on NASA's Servicing Mission 4 (HST-SM4), the eleven-day fifth and final mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope. The program was hosted by Josh Zepps, who is the host of science news series "Brink", and featured interviews with NASA astrophysicist and space telescope expert Kim Weaver and former NASA astronaut Paul William Richards.