Who was the arch enemies of the man crowned King of Italy in 889?
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Ageltrude Ageltrude (also spelled Agiltrude) (died 27 August 923) was the Empress and Queen of Italy as wife and mother respectively of Guy (reigned 891–94) and Lambert (reigned 894–98). She was the regent for her son and actively encouraged him in opposing her archenemies, the Carolingians, and in influencing papal elections in their favour.
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Guy III of Spoleto Guy of Spoleto (died 12 December 894), sometimes known by the Italian version of his name, "Guido", or by the German version, "Wido", was the Margrave of Camerino from 880 (as Guy I or Guy II) and then Duke of Spoleto and Camerino (as Guy III) from 883. He was crowned King of Italy in 889 and Holy Roman Emperor in 891. He died in 894 while fighting for control of the Italian peninsula.
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Anscar I of Ivrea Anscar I (Latin: "Anscarius" ;born 860 - died March 902) was the margrave of Ivrea from 888 to his death. From 877 or 879, he was the count of Oscheret in Burgundy. He supported Guy III of Spoleto for the throne of France after the deposition of Charles the Fat in 887, but after Guy's failed attempt and the coronation of Odo, Count of Paris, he returned with Guy across the Alps, where the duke was elected King of Italy. In gratitude, he created the March of Ivrea in the northeast and invested his Burgundian supporter.
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Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI (Heinrich VI) (November 1165 – 28 September 1197), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1190 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 until his death. From 1194 he was also King of Sicily.
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Banu Qasi The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi (Arabic: بني قسي or بنو قسي‎ ‎ , meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius") or Banu Musa were a Hispano-Roman Muwallad dynasty that ruled the upper Ebro valley in the 9th century, before being displaced in the first quarter of the 10th century.
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Oddone Frangipane Oddone Frangipane (also "Oddo" or "Otto", Latin: "Odo Frajapanis") was an Italian lord and military leader in the service of the Papacy in the 12th century.
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Black nobility The Black Nobility or Black Aristocracy (Italian: "nobiltà nera, aristocrazia nera" ) are Roman aristocratic families who sided with the Papacy under Pope Pius IX after the Savoy family-led army of the Kingdom of Italy entered Rome on 20 September 1870, overthrew the Pope and the Papal States, and took over the Quirinal Palace, and any nobles subsequently ennobled by the Pope prior to the 1929 Lateran Treaty.
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John III of Naples John III (died late 968/early 969) was the longest-reigning Duke of Naples (928–968). He was the son and successor of Marinus I.
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Tancred, King of Sicily Tancred (1138 – 20 February 1194) was King of Sicily from 1189 to 1194. He was born in Lecce an illegitimate son of Roger III, Duke of Apulia (the eldest son of King Roger II) by his mistress Emma, a daughter of Achard II, Count of Lecce. He inherited the title "Count of Lecce" from his grandfather and is consequently often referred to as "Tancred of Lecce". Due to his short stature and unhandsome visage, he was mocked by his critics as "The Monkey King".
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Alfonso V of Aragon Alfonso the Magnanimous KG (also Alphonso; Catalan: Alfons ; 1396 – 27 June 1458) was the King of Aragon (as Alfonso V), Valencia (as Alfonso III), Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica (as Alfonso II), Sicily (as Alfonso I) and Count of Barcelona (as Alfonso IV) from 1416, and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death. He was one of the most prominent figures of the early Renaissance and a knight of the Order of the Dragon.
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Rainier, Margrave of Tuscany Rainier was the Margrave of Tuscany from 1014 until 1027. After the death of the Emperor Henry II, of whom he had been a supporter, he opposed Conrad II. When Conrad descended into Italy to receive the Iron Crown and the Holy Roman Emperorship, he had to fight and depose Rainier, replacing him with his own supporter, Boniface of Canossa.
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Sergius I of Naples Sergius I (died 864) was the first duke of Naples of his dynasty, often dubbed the "Sergi," which ruled over Naples for almost three centuries from his accession in 840 until the death of his namesake Sergius VII in 1137.
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Widonids The Widonids, Guidonids or Vitone were an Italian family of Frankish origin prominent in the ninth century. They were descended from Guy of Nantes, whose origins were Austrasian. They were an aggressive dynasty, expanding their base of power into the Papal States, ever loyal to the Empire and never the Papacy. They were related to the Carolingians in the female line and one even made a claim to the throne of France on that basis. The Widonids and the Rogonids competed for control of the Breton March through much of the ninth century.
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John II, Duke of Lorraine John II of Anjou (Nancy, August 2, 1424 – December 16, 1470, Barcelona) was Duke of Lorraine from 1453 to his death. He inherited the duchy from his mother, Duchess Isabelle, during the life of his father, Duke René of Anjou, also Duke of Lorraine and titular king of Naples. As heir-apparent of Naples, he was styled the Duke of Calabria, and spent most of his time engaging in plots for Angevin recovery of Naples. In 1460, he decisively defeated the king of Naples Ferdinand at Nola, but was unable to prevent others from coming to his aid. He was defeated on land at Troia in 1462 and defeated at sea off Ischia in 1465. In 1466, the Catalans chose his father as King of Aragon, and he was created Prince of Girona, as heir-apparent. He went into Catalonia to press the family's claims, but died, supposedly by poison, in Barcelona.
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Duke of Spoleto The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of Spoleto and most of central Italy outside the Papal States during the Early and High Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1300). The first dukes were appointed by the Lombard king, but they were independent in practice. The Carolingian conquerors of the Lombards continued to appoint dukes as did their successor to the Holy Roman Empire. In the 12th century, the dukes of Spoleto were far and away the most important imperial vassals in Italy.
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Otto III, Duke of Bavaria Otto III (11 February 1261 – 9 November 1312), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was the Duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 to 1312 and the King of Hungary and Croatia between 1305 and 1307. His reign in Hungary was disputed by Charles Robert of the Angevin dynasty.
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Bernardino II da Polenta Bernardino II da Polenta was lord of Ravenna, Italy from 1389 to 1400. He was the son of Guido III da Polenta, grandson of Bernardino I and a member of the da Polenta family. Bernardino's mother was Elisa d'Este, the daughter of Obizzo III d'Este of Ferrara, who gave him numerous children. In 1389, Bernardino and his brothers, Ostasio, Obizzo, Aldobrandino, Azzo and Pietro imprisoned their father and ruled Ravenna. The brothers died in quick succession; allegedly Bernardino was poisoned by his brother Obizzo.
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War of L'Aquila The War of L'Aquila (Italian: "Guerra dell'Aquila") was a conflict in 15th-century Italy. It started in 1423 as a personal conflict against the condottiero Braccio da Montone and the city of L'Aquila in Abruzzo, but later turned into a national conflict when the forces of the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence, the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples were also involved. Braccio da Montone was killed in the final battle near L'Aquila.
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Rinaldo degli Albizzi Rinaldo degli Albizzi (1370–1442) was an Italian nobleman, a member of the Florentine family of the Albizzi. Together with Palla Strozzi, he was the main opponent of Cosimo de' Medici's rise in Florence.
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Pope John IX Pope John IX (Latin: "Ioannes IX" ; died January 900) was Pope from January 898 to his death in 900.
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Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV (1175 – May 19, 1218) was one of two rival kings of Germany from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until he was forced to abdicate in 1215. The only German king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1210.
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René of Anjou René of Anjou (Occitan: "Rainièr d'Anjau" ; French: "René d'Anjou" ; 1409–1480), also known as René I of Naples (Italian: "Renato I di Napoli" ) and Good King René (Occitan: "Rai Rainièr lo Bòn" ; French: "Le bon roi René" ), was count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar (1430–80), Duke of Lorraine (1431–53), Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence (1434–80), King of Naples (1435–42; titular 1442–80), titular King of Jerusalem (1438–80) and Aragon including Sicily, Majorca and Corsica (1466–70).