Which Chief Justice who was born in 1777 delivered the majority opinion in the case 60 U.S. 393 in 1857 with a 7-2 decision?
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Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857) , also known simply as the Dred Scott case, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law. It held that "a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves", whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court, and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. Dred Scott, an enslaved man of "the negro African race" who had been taken by his owners to free states and territories, attempted to sue for his freedom. In a 7–2 decision written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, the court denied Scott's request. The decision was only the second time that the Supreme Court had ruled an Act of Congress to be unconstitutional.
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Roger B. Taney Roger Brooke Taney ( ; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. He delivered the majority opinion in "Dred Scott v. Sandford" (1857), that ruled, among other things, that African-Americans, having been considered inferior at the time the United States Constitution was drafted, were not part of the original community of citizens and, whether free or slave, could not be considered citizens of the United States, which created an uproar among abolitionists and the free states of the northern U.S. He was the first Roman Catholic (and first non-Protestant) appointed both to a presidential cabinet, as Attorney General under President Andrew Jackson, as well as to the Court.
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Walter B. Beals Walter Burges Beals (born July 21, 1876 –died September 18, 1960) was an American judge who served on the Washington Supreme Court 1928-1946 and 1947-1951. He also served as Chief Justice of the Court from 1933-1935 and 1945-1946.
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N. D. Denson Nimrod Davis "N. D." Denson (June 20, 1856 - March 25, 1927) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1904 to 1909.
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William Jay (jurist) William Jay (16 June 1789 – 14 October 1858) was an American reformer, jurist, and the son of Founding Father and first U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay (1745–1829).
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Frederick Nash Frederick Nash (February 9, 1781 – December 5, 1858) was an American lawyer and jurist from Hillsborough, North Carolina. He served on the North Carolina Supreme Court and was its chief justice from 1852 until his death.
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Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange Sir Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange (November 30, 1756 – July 16, 1841) was a chief justice in Nova Scotia, known for waging "judicial war" to free Black Nova Scotian slaves from their owners. From 1789–1797, he was the sixth Chief Justice of Nova Scotia. He became the first Chief Justice of the erstwhile Supreme Court of Madras (which has since become the High Court of Madras) and in that capacity was also the first Chief Justice of the Madras Presidency, British India from 1801 to 1817.
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Chase Court The Chase Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1864 to 1873, when Salmon P. Chase served as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. Chase succeeded Roger Taney as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Chase served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Morrison Waite was nominated and confirmed as Chase's successor. The Chase Court presided over the end of the Civil War and much of the Reconstruction Era. During the Chase Court, Congress passed the Habeas Corpus Act 1867, giving the court the ability to issue writs of habeas corpus for defendants tried by state courts. The Chase Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendent for the first time, and its narrow reading of the Amendment would be adopted by subsequent courts.
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James R. Dowdell James Render Dowdell (April 2, 1847 – June 21, 1921) was an American jurist and the 20th Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1909 to 1914.
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William Franklin Jenkins William Franklin Jenkins (September 7, 1876 - December 4, 1961) was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1937 to 1946, and Chief Justice from 1946 to 1948.
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History of the Supreme Court of the United States The following is a history of the Supreme Court of the United States, organized by Chief Justice. The Supreme Court of the United States is the only court specifically established by the Constitution of the United States, implemented in 1789; under the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Court was to be composed of six members—though the number of justices has been nine for almost all of its history, this number is set by Congress, not the Constitution. The court convened for the first time on February 2, 1790.
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Ekizo Fujibayashi Ekizo Fujibayashi (藤林 益三 , Fujibayashi Ekizō , August 26, 1907 – April 24, 2007) was the 7th Chief Justice of Japan (1976–1977) and a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun.
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William Johnstone Ritchie Sir William Johnstone Ritchie (October 28, 1813 – September 25, 1892) was one of the first judges appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. He became the second Chief Justice of the court, and the second-longest serving Chief Justice to date.
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Jonathan Robinson (American politician) Jonathan Robinson (August 11, 1756November 3, 1819) was an American politician, lawyer, and judge from the state of Vermont who served as Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and a United States Senator.
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James Dowling Sir James Dowling (25 November 1787 – 27 September 1844) was an English-born Australian jurist in New South Wales, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales 1837 – 1844.
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Ralph Lazier Berkshire Ralph Lazier Berkshire (born Bedford County, Pennsylvania, April 8, 1815 or 1816; died Morgantown, West Virginia, November 8, 1902) was a lawyer, judge, and politician important in the early history of West Virginia. He served as Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia from June 20, 1863 to December 31, 1866 and again from September 10, 1868 to December 31, 1872.
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William Wilson (Illinois jurist) William Wilson (April 27, 1794 – April 29, 1857) was an American jurist.
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Earl Warren Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American jurist and politician who served as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953) and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969).
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Charles C. Nott Charles Cooper Nott, Sr. (1827 – March 6, 1916) was a Chief Justice of the United States Court of Claims.
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Zacheus Burnham Zacheus Burnham (February 20, 1777 – February 25, 1857) was a farmer, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
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Waite Court The Waite Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1874 to 1888, when Morrison Waite served as the seventh Chief Justice of the United States. Waite succeeded Salmon P. Chase as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Waite served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Melville Fuller was nominated and confirmed as Waite's successor. The Waite Court presided over the Gilded Age and the end of the Reconstruction Era. It also played an important role in the 1876 presidential election, as five of its members served on the Electoral Commission that was created to settle the contested election. During the Waite's tenure, the jurisdiction of the federal courts was expanded by the Jurisdiction and Removal Act of 1875, which gave federal courts full jurisdiction over federal questions.
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John Rutledge John Rutledge (September 17, 1739 – July 23, 1800) was the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He also served as the 31st Governor of South Carolina. Rutledge holds the record for the shortest tenure of any Chief Justice, and is the only Chief Justice to serve on a recess appointment.