Margaret "Peggy" Shippen, was the second wife of which general during the American Revolutionary War, who fought for the American Continental Army, and later defected to the British Army?
24e3989bbdfd5cde8e429fb06bc81490
Peggy Shippen Margaret "Peggy" Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold. Shippen garnered notoriety for being the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution.
e37c32252a23eb794078542f9fab41cd
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold (January 14, 1741 [O.S. January 3, 1740] June 14, 1801) was a general during the American Revolutionary War, who fought for the American Continental Army, and later defected to the British Army. While a general on the American side, he obtained command of the fortifications at West Point, New York (which after 1802 would become the site of the U.S. Military Academy), overlooking the cliffs at the Hudson River (upriver from British-occupied New York City), and planned to surrender them to British forces. This plan was exposed in September 1780. He was commissioned into the British Army as a brigadier general.
572a3c47ac005be1b3cdeba295d01c8a
James Randolph Reid James Randolph Reid (August 11, 1750 – January 25, 1789) was an American soldier in the Revolutionary War. He later served as a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1787 until 1789.
42c6c7475a5534cdbd0eca9abd79874d
Deborah Sampson Deborah Sampson Gannett (December 17, 1760 – April 29, 1827), better known as Deborah Samson or Deborah Sampson, was a woman who disguised herself as a man in order to serve in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. She is one of a small number of women with a documented record of military combat experience in that war. She served 17 months in the army under the name "Robert Shirtliff" (also spelled Shirtliffe or Shurtleff) of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, was wounded in 1782, and was honorably discharged at West Point, New York in 1783.
f77fc25be7b1f1e4a13e54737ab44198
Powder Alarm The Powder Alarm was a major popular reaction to the removal of gunpowder from a magazine by British soldiers under orders from General Thomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, on September 1, 1774. In response to this action, amid rumors that blood had been shed, alarm spread through the countryside to Connecticut and beyond, and American Patriots sprang into action, fearing that war was at hand. Thousands of militiamen began streaming toward Boston and Cambridge, and mob action forced Loyalists and some government officials to flee to the protection of the British Army.
785330407373b2721afe76565e97b1af
James Warren (politician) James Warren (September 28, 1726 – November 28, 1808) was the President of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and a Paymaster General of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, among other positions. He is also famous as the husband of Mercy Otis Warren and for his outspoken courage as an Anti-Federalist. General James Warren is sometimes confused with the two other Massachusetts Revolutionaries, the brothers Joseph Warren and John Warren, but they were not at all closely related, merely had similar names and views.
8b988348c87dfaa95877141a5e7860b0
William Maxwell (Continental Army general) William Maxwell (1733 – November 4, 1796) was an Ulster-born brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
6fb43e3b650764a624d7c82b87941970
Military career of Benedict Arnold, 1781 The military career of Benedict Arnold in 1781 consisted of service in the British Army. Arnold had changed sides in September 1780, after his plot was exposed to surrender the key Continental Army outpost at West Point. He spent the rest of 1780 recruiting Loyalists for a new regiment called the American Legion. Arnold was then sent to Virginia with 1,600 men in late December by General Sir Henry Clinton, with instructions to raid Richmond and then establish a strong fortification at Portsmouth.
dbc7cacd14b95830281d240366476cbf
Joseph Plumb Martin Joseph "Plumb" Martin (November 21, 1760 – May 2, 1850) was a soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, holding the rank of private for most of the war. His published narrative of his experiences, re-discovered in the 1950s, has become a valuable resource for historians in understanding the conditions of a common soldier of that era, as well as the battles in which Martin participated.
5d1d0ceb01588bd36f0f5d372a8e5233
Anthony Walton White Anthony Walton White (July 7, 1750 – February 10, 1803) was a Brigadier General in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War who had previously served as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington.
ac53343b2ed4c0fe0e198c4b3fd5210c
USS Philadelphia (1776) USS "Philadelphia" is a gunboat (referred to in contemporary documents as a gundalow or gondola) of the Continental Navy. Manned by Continental Army soldiers, she was part of a fleet under the command of General Benedict Arnold that fought the 11 October 1776 Battle of Valcour Island against a larger Royal Navy fleet on Lake Champlain. Although many of the American boats in the battle were damaged in the battle, "Philadelphia" was one of the few actually sunk that day. On the days following the main battle, most of the other boats in the American fleet were sunk, burned, or captured. She is one of a few such vessels used during the American Revolutionary War to be raised.
f42c05ca6fdba1d1fe87078755233333
10th Continental Regiment The 10th Continental Regiment was a unit of the Connecticut Line in the 1776 establishment of the Continental Army. It began as Parson's Connecticut Regiment (also known as the 6th Connecticut Provincial Regiment), which was part of the 1775 establishment, and was commanded by Colonel Samuel Holden Parsons until his promotion to brigadier general. It was first active during the Siege of Boston, and then in preparing the defenses of New York City. After Parsons was promoted in August 1776, command came to John Tyler, who was promoted to colonel at that time. The regiment fought in the Battle of Long Island, and was part of the panicked retreat after the British landing on Manhattan. Although the regiment was present with the army at White Plains, New York in October 1776, it did not participated in the battle fought there.
6b564e786f2ffe4a7ea00b82c7f9afc7
Artemas Ward Artemas Ward (November 26, 1727 – October 28, 1800) was an American major general in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts. He was considered an effective political leader, President John Adams describing him as "...universally esteemed, beloved and confided in by his army and his country."
797f31b9c52871d30373c21efc609a6a
John Nixon (military) John Nixon (March 1, 1727 – March 24, 1815) was an American brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
a2f151d2e9361921c038806cb14ec101
Peter Gansevoort Peter Gansevoort (July 17, 1749 – July 2, 1812) was a Colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He is best known for leading the resistance to Barry St. Leger's Siege of Fort Stanwix in 1777. Gansevoort was also the maternal grandfather of "Moby-Dick" author Herman Melville.
2a6c6a4c8c35840c2bf552f795eda011
Pennsylvania Line mutiny The Pennsylvania Line Mutiny was a mutiny of Continental Army soldiers, who demanded higher pay and better housing conditions, and was the cause of the legend and stories surrounding the American heroine Tempe Wick. The mutiny began on January 1, 1781, and ended with a negotiated settlement on January 8, 1781. The negotiated terms were finally concluded by January 29, 1781. The mutiny was the most successful and important insurrection of Continental Army soldiers during the American Revolutionary War.
5d56dcd97cbc1607c6a54487e92b4480
Lucy Flucker Knox Lucy Flucker Knox (August 2, 1756 – June 20, 1824) lived throughout the American revolutionary. Born as daughter of a colonial officer under the British government, Lucy joined the American Army under the Influence of Henry Knox, the most important man in her life. After their marriage, Lucy moved around with Henry and lived on the military camp. She accompanied Henry Knox until he retired from the army in 1794.
955a8a80b82dd780e22fe98d383df62b
Benjamin Tallmadge Benjamin Tallmadge (February 25, 1754 – March 7, 1835) was an American military officer, spy master, and politician. He is best known for his service as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. In this conflict, he acted as leader of the Culper Ring, a celebrated network of spies in British-occupied New York. He also led a successful raid across Long Island that culminated in the Battle of Fort St. George. Following the war, Tallmadge was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Federalist Party.
96317c1f46f48741e90580fde5f5409f
Henry Dearborn Henry Dearborn (February 23, 1751 – June 6, 1829) was an American soldier and statesman. In the Revolutionary War, he served under Benedict Arnold in the expedition to Quebec, of which his journal provides an important record. After being captured and exchanged, he served in George Washington's Continental Army, and was present at the British surrender at Yorktown. Dearborn served on General Washington's staff in Virginia. He was US Secretary of War, serving under President Thomas Jefferson from 1801 to 1809, and served as a commanding general in the War of 1812. In later life his criticism of General Israel Putnam's performance at the Battle of Bunker Hill caused a major controversy. Fort Dearborn in Illinois and the city of Dearborn, Michigan, were named in his honor.
a2904f55b8e4b63c453a896c5dfee4a5
Major “Bloody Bill” Cunningham William "Bloody Bill" Cunningham (1756 –1787) was an American loyalist infamous for perpetrating a series of bloody massacres in South Carolina's backcountry in the fall of 1781 as commander of a Tory militia regiment in the Revolutionary War. Though his family were loyal to the British crown, Cunningham initially enlisted in the Continental Army as part of the State of South Carolina's 3rd regiment in 1775. His tenure in the rebel army was an unhappy one and Cunningham changed sides to fight for the British in 1778. He earned the nickname "Bloody Bill" for the violent, ruthless nature of his raids on rebels and patriot civilians.
f3f3592ef7832597032250a19f1fa535
Morgan Connor Morgan Connor was an officer in the Continental Army who served as Adjutant General in 1777.
a19e6bf605837a71f3eb323c6214288c
Dearborn-Putnam controversy The Dearborn-Putnam controversy erupted in 1818 when Henry Dearborn published a post-war account of General Israel Putnam's performance during the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775. Both Putnam and the much younger Dearborn were present before and during the battle, with Dearborn at the front lines while Putnam was about the battle scene directing troops and overseeing the construction of fortifications before the fighting began. Accounts of Putnam's presence during the battle, however, have varied among veteran officers of the battle and some historians. During the battle, there was a fair amount of disorganization among the hastily assembled Continental Army and militia, making it difficult for any one participant to give an overall assessment of everyone's performance. The actual controversy was sparked 43 years after the battle, when Dearborn published his account of the battle in a widely read political magazine accusing the deceased Putnam of failing to supply reinforcements, inaction, and cowardice. The sons of both Dearborn and Putnam defended their respective fathers' positions, while various Revolutionary War veterans also lent their support respectively. Along with Dearborn, both Republicans and Federalists, now bitter rivals, saw the controversy as an opportunity to advance their party and win the favor of the general public. Dearborn's efforts, however, were largely not well received and cost him his bid for the governorship of Massachusetts. His accusations resulted in a political and social controversy that was widely covered in the press and in several publications from officers present at the battle. Dearborn's accusations were also addressed by several notable public figures, including Daniel Webster. As such, the controversy remained prominent in the public eye for more than 30 years.