What is the nickname of the computer produced in 1948 by the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory, established by Max Newman?
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Max Newman Maxwell Herman Alexander "Max" Newman, FRS (7 February 1897 – 22 February 1984) was a British mathematician and codebreaker. His work in World War II led to the construction of Colossus, the world's first operational, programmable electronic computer, and he established the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at the University of Manchester which produced the world's first working, modern stored program electronic computer in 1948, the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine.
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Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), nicknamed Baby, was the world's first stored-program computer. It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester, England, by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948.
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Air Ministry Experimental Station AMES, short Air Ministry Experimental Station, was the name given to the British Air Ministry's radar development team at Bawdsey Manor in the immediate pre-World War II era. Although the team would be forced to move on three occasions, changing names as part of these moves, the AMES acronym became the basis for naming Royal Air Force radar systems through the war. The same numbering sequence was used after the war as well, but generally dropped the AMES from the name. A good example is the Type 80, which was officially an AMES type, but rarely appears with that marque.
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George (robot) George is a British humanoid robot created by Tony Sale in 1949. The robot was built using scrap metals from a crashed RAF Wellington bomber. George was reactivated in 2010 by Sale and is on display at The National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park.
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PDP-5 The PDP-5 was "the world's first commercially produced" minicomputer and Digital Equipment Corporation's first 12-bit computer.
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PERQ The PERQ, also referred to as the Three Rivers PERQ or ICL PERQ, was a pioneering workstation computer produced in the late 1970s through the early 1980s. In June 1979, the company took its very first order from the UK's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the computer was officially launched in August 1979 at SIGGRAPH in Chicago. It was the first commercially produced personal workstation with a Graphical User Interface. The design was heavily influenced by the original workstation computer, the Xerox Alto, which was never commercially produced. The origin of the name "PERQ" was chosen both as an acronym of "Pascal Engine that Runs Quicker," and to evoke the word "perquisite".
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C.mmp The C.mmp was an early MIMD multiprocessor system developed at Carnegie Mellon University by William Wulf (1971). The notation C.mmp came from the PMS notation of Bell and Newell, where a CPU was designated as C and a variant was noted by the dot notation; mmp stood for Multi-Mini-Processor
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TX-0 The TX-0, for Transistorized Experimental computer zero, but affectionately referred to as tixo (pronounced "tix oh"), was an early fully transistorized computer and contained a then-huge 64K of 18-bit words of magnetic core memory. The TX-0 was built in 1955 and went online in 1956 and was used continually through the 1960s at MIT. The transistorized TX-0 computer used 3600 transistors in its computer's circuitry and had also used the Philco high-frequency surface-barrier transistors in its design. In 1953, Philco had developed the world's first high frequency surface-barrier transistor, which was also the first transistor that was suitable for high speed computers. The TX-0 and its direct descendant, the original PDP-1, were platforms for pioneering computer research and the development of what would later be called computer "hacker" culture.
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ORACLE (computer) The ORACLE or "Oak Ridge Automatic Computer and Logical Engine", an early computer built by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann.
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Atlas (computer) The Atlas Computer was a joint development between the University of Manchester, Ferranti, and Plessey. It was a second-generation machine, using discrete germanium transistors.
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Elliott Brothers (computer company) Elliott Brothers (London) Ltd was an early computer company of the 1950s–60s in the United Kingdom. It traced its descent from a firm of instrument makers founded by William Elliott in London around 1804. The research laboratories were originally set up in 1946 at Borehamwood. The first Elliott 152 computer appeared in 1950. Elliotts' were a pioneer of Head-up displays - HUDs.
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Automatic Computing Engine The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer designed by Alan Turing. The project was managed by John R. Womersley, superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The use of the word "Engine" was in homage to Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. Turing's technical design "Proposed Electronic Calculator" was the product of his theoretical work in 1936 "On Computable Numbers" and his wartime experience at Bletchley Park where the Colossus computers had been successful in breaking German military codes. In his 1936 paper, Turing described his idea as a "universal computing machine", but it is now known as the Universal Turing machine.
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ZX80 The Sinclair ZX80 is a home computer brought to market in 1980 by Science of Cambridge Ltd. (later to be better known as Sinclair Research). It is notable for being the first computer (unless one counts the MK14) available in the United Kingdom for less than a hundred pounds. It was available in kit form for £79.95, where purchasers had to assemble and solder it together, and as a ready-built version at £99.95. The ZX80 was very popular straight away, and for some time there was a waiting list of several months for either version of the machine.
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FUJIC FUJIC was the first electronic digital computer in operation in Japan. It was finished in March 1956, the project having been effectively started in 1949, and was built almost entirely by Dr. Okazaki Bunji. Originally designed to perform calculations for lens design by Fuji, the ultimate goal of FUJIC's construction was to achieve a speed 1,000 times that of human calculation for the same purpose – the actual performance achieved was double that number.
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Carbon nanotube computer Carbon nanotube computer refers to a computer built entirely using carbon nanotubes based transistors. Researchers from Stanford University said that they had successfully built a carbon nanotube computer and their research paper published on 25 September 2013 in the journal "Nature". They named their first carbon nanotube computer Cedric.
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EMIDEC 1100 The EMIDEC 1100 computer (became the ICT 1101 in 1962) was produced by the Computing Services Division of EMI Laboratories in the UK under the leadership of Professor Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield in 1959 after one year's development. It used magnetic core memory and transistor technologies and it is claimed to be the first large commercial transistorised machine in the UK.
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ENIAC ENIAC ( or ; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was amongst the earliest electronic general-purpose computers made. It was Turing-complete, digital and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.
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Supermac (cartoon) "Super-Mac" was a 1958 cartoon image of Harold Macmillan, which became an enduring nickname for him.
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SMIL (computer) SMIL (Swedish: "Siffermaskinen i Lund" , "The Number Machine in Lund") was a first-generation computer built at Lund University in Lund, Sweden. SMIL was based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann.
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History of personal computers The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1980s. The 1981 launch of the IBM Personal Computer coined both the term "Personal Computer" and "PC". A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods. Early personal computers – generally called microcomputers – were sold often in electronic kit form and in limited numbers, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians.
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Briggs Peak Briggs Peak ( ) is an isolated, conical mountain, 1,120 m high, on the northeast side of the Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. It was first roughly surveyed by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1936–37, and photographed by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, November 1947 (trimetrogon air photography). It was surveyed from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1949 and 1958, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Henry Briggs, the English mathematician who, with John Napier, was responsible for the invention of logarithms, about 1614.
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IBM Roadrunner Roadrunner was a supercomputer built by IBM for the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, USA. The US$100-million Roadrunner was designed for a peak performance of 1.7 petaflops. It achieved 1.026 petaflops on May 25, 2008 to become the world's first TOP500 Linpack sustained 1.0 petaflops system.