Which of Tristan und Isolde and Saint François d'Assise was written first?
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Tristan und Isolde Tristan und Isolde ("Tristan and Isolde", or "Tristan and Isolda", or "Tristran and Ysolt") is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the romance by Gottfried von Strassburg. It was composed between 1857 and 1859 and premiered at the Königliches Hof- und Nationaltheater in Munich on 10 June 1865 with Hans von Bülow conducting. Wagner referred to the work not as an opera, but called it "eine Handlung" (literally "a drama", "a plot" or "an action"), which was the equivalent of the term used by the Spanish playwright Calderón for his dramas.
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Saint François d'Assise Saint François d'Assise is an opera in three acts and eight scenes by French composer and librettist Olivier Messiaen, written from 1975 to 1983. It concerns Saint Francis of Assisi, the title character, and displays the composer's devout Catholicism. The world première was given by the Paris Opera at the Palais Garnier on 28 November 1983.
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Il viaggio a Reims Il viaggio a Reims, ossia L'albergo del giglio d'oro (The Journey to Reims, or The Hotel of the Golden Fleur-de-lis) is an operatic dramma giocoso, originally performed in three acts, by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Balocchi, based in part on "Corinne, ou L'Italie" by Mme de Staël.
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Symphony No. 3 (Glazunov) Alexander Glazunov composed his Symphony No. 3 in D major, Op. 33, in 1890, and it was published by 1892 by the Leipzig firm owned by Mitrofan Belyayev. The symphony is dedicated to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and was first performed in St. Petersburg in December 1890 under the baton of Anatoly Lyadov. The symphony is considered a transitional work, with Glazunov largely eschewing the influences of Balakirev, Borodin, and Rimsky-Korsakov inherent in his earlier symphonies for the newer influences of Tchaikovsky and Wagner. Because of this change, the Third has been called the "anti-kuchkist" symphony in Glazunov's output ("kuchkist" from "kuchka", the shortened Russian name for the nationalist music group The Five). He would tone down these new influences in his subsequent symphonies as he strove for an eclectic mature style. The Third also shows a greater depth of expression, most evident in the chromatic turns of its third movement, reminiscent of Wagner's opera "Tristan und Isolde".
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Erwin und Elmire Erwin und Elmire is an opera in two acts by Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, with a libretto by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, after Oliver Goldsmith's ballad of Angelica and Edwin, "The Hermit", in his sentimental novel "The Vicar of Wakefield".
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L'arbre enchanté L’arbre enchanté, ou Le tuteur dupé ("The Magic Tree, or, the Tutor Duped"), Wq 42, is a one-act opéra comique by Christoph Willibald Gluck to a libretto based on the 1752 opéra-comique "Le poirier" ("The Peartree") with a text by Jean-Joseph Vadé. Vadé's libretto was based on a tale from Boccaccio's "Decameron", as retold by Jean de La Fontaine. Gluck's opera was written for the nameday of Emperor Francis Stephan, premiering at the Schönbrunn palace in Vienna on the evening of October 3, 1759, anniversary of the death of Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Laurent de Premierfait Laurent de Premierfait (c. 1370 – 1418) was a Latin poet, a humanist and in the first rank of French language translators of the fifteenth century, during the time of the mad king Charles VI of France. To judge from the uses made of "Du cas des nobles hommes et femmes" in England, and the sheer number of surviving manuscripts of it (sixty-five in a 1955 count), it was extremely popular in Western Europe throughout the fifteenth century. Laurent made two translations of the Boccaccio work, the second considerably more free. A large percentage of surviving manuscripts are carefully written and illuminated with illustrations.
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Plaisir d'amour "Plaisir d'amour " (literally "The pleasure of love") is a classical French love song written in 1784 by Jean-Paul-Égide Martini (1741–1816); it took its text from a poem by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian (1755–1794), which appears in his novel "Célestine".
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Le timbre d'argent Le timbre d'argent ("The Silver Bell") is an opéra fantastique in four acts by composer Camille Saint-Saëns to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré. Although completed in 1865, the opera did not receive its premiere performance until 23 February 1877, when it was presented by Albert Vizentini's Théâtre National Lyrique at the Théâtre de la Gaîté in Paris. It includes the well-known aria "Le bonheur est chose légère."
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Nitétis Nitétis is an opera by the French composer Charles-Louis Mion, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opera) on 11 April 1741. It takes the form of a "tragédie en musique" in a prologue and five acts. The libretto, by Jean-Louis-Ignace de La Serre, Sieur d'Anglade, is based on the mythological history of Ancient Egypt. The work was a failure at its premiere.
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Francis Tourte Louis François, better known as Francis Tourte, (8 June 1816 – 5 October 1891) was a 19th-century French composer, poet, chansonnier and playwright. He was François Tourte's grandson.
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Gui d'Excideuil Gui d'Excideuil is an Old French romance, written in the 12th century, whose text is now lost. The eponymous hero's lover was a fairy, but he lost her (in an orchard, according to Raimbaut de Vaqueiras) because he began to think about the queen, who loved him unrequitedly. The story is alluded to by other troubadours such as Peire Vidal in "Plus que-l paubres que jatz el ric ostal", and was a well-known story of its time.
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Guillaume de Dole Guillaume de Dole (also known as (Le) Roman(s) de la Rose, or Guillaume de Dole) is an Old French narrative romance by Jean Renart. Composed in the early 13th century, the poem is 5656 lines long and is especially notable for the large number of chansons it contains, and for its active female protagonist. The romance incorporates forty-six chansons (or parts thereof); it is the first extant example in French literature of a text that combines narrative and lyric. Its form was quickly imitated, by authors such as Gerbert de Montreuil, and by the end of the 13th century had become canonical.
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François-Thomas-Marie de Baculard d'Arnaud François-Thomas-Marie de Baculard d'Arnaud (8 September 1718 – 8 November 1805) was a French writer and dramatist. A practitioner of the "roman noir". His series of novellas "Les Épreuves du sentiment" inspired Bellini's opera "Adelson e Salvini".
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Romeo und Julie Romeo und Julie is a singspiel in three acts by composer Georg Benda. The opera has a German libretto by Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter that is based upon Christian Felix Weiße's translation of William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet".
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Fantasio (Smyth) Fantasio is an opera in two acts composed by Ethel Smyth. The German-language libretto was written by Smyth and Henry Bennet Brewster. Described in the libretto as a "phantastische Comödie" (fantastic comedy), it was based on Alfred de Musset's 1834 play of the same name. The opera premiered at the Deutsches Nationaltheater in Weimar on 24 May 1898.
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Le faucon (opera) Le faucon (English: The Falcon , Russian: Сокол ) is an "opéra comique" in three acts by the Ukrainian composer Dmitry Bortniansky with a French language libretto by Franz-Hermann Lafermière. It was first performed on 11 October 1786 at the Gatchina Palace in Russia by aristocratic amateur singers. The plot is borrowed from Boccaccio's "The Decameron" (Fifth Day, 9th tale) which also served as the basis for Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny's 1771 comic opera "Le faucon" (libretto by Michel-Jean Sedaine) (and later for Gounod's "La colombe").
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Béroul Béroul was a Norman poet of the 12th century. He wrote "Tristan", a Norman language version of the legend of Tristan and Iseult of which a certain number of fragments (approximately 3000 verses) have been preserved; it is the earliest representation of the so-called "vulgar" version of the legend (the "courtly" version being represented by fragments from Thomas of Britain's poem). Eilhart von Oberge wrote a treatment of this version in German, and many of Béroul's episodes that do not appear in Thomas reappear in the Prose "Tristan". Beroul's poem survives in a single manuscript now in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. This copy is poorly written and there is a suggestion that part of the poem was written by a different scribe from the rest. The actual content of the poem also differs from the modern conception of what a narrative poem should be; the plot is disjointed and lacking in a flow of cause and effect, and the characters are poorly defined. Nevertheless, Fedrick proposes that this was common of literature in Beroul's time.
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La toison d'or (opera) La toison d'or ("The Golden Fleece") is a French-language opera in three acts by the composer Johann Christoph Vogel, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opera) on 5 September 1786. The libretto, by Philippe Desriaux, is based on the legend of Jason and the Golden Fleece.
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Nisi Dominus (Handel) Nisi Dominus is a setting of the Latin text of Psalm 127 (Vulgate 126) by George Friederic Handel. The name of the piece comes from the first two words (the "incipit") of the psalm, and it is catalogued in the composer's complete works as HWV 238. It was completed by 13 July 1707, and is one of a number of works he composed in Italy. It is most likely that" Nisi Dominus" was first performed on 16 July 1707 in the church of Santa Maria in Montesanto, Rome, under the patronage of the Colonna family.
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Grisélidis Grisélidis is an opera (described as a 'conte lyrique') in three acts and a prologue by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Armand Silvestre and Eugène Morand. It is based on the play by the same authors first performed at the Comédie-Française on 15 May 1891, which is drawn from the medieval tale of 'patient Grissil'. The story is set in 14th century Provence, and concerns the shepherdess, Grisélidis, and a number of attempts by the Devil to lure her into infidelity. Grisélidis' loyalty to her husband, The Marquis, is strong, however, and the devil is vanquished.
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Les fêtes d'Hébé Les fêtes d'Hébé, ou Les talens lyriques ("The Festivities of Hebe, or The Lyric Talents") is an "opéra-ballet" in a prologue and three "entrées" (acts) by the French composer Jean-Philippe Rameau. The libretto was written by Antoine Gautier de Montdorge (1707–1768). The work was first performed on 21 May 1739 by the Académie royale de musique at its theatre in the Palais-Royal in Paris..