Hans Kammler was the last in Germany to be appointed to the paramilitary rank first created in what year?
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Hans Kammler Hans Kammler (26 August 1901 – 9 May 1945) was a German civil engineer and SS commander during the Nazi era. He oversaw SS construction projects and towards the end of World War II was put in charge of the V-2 missile and jet programmes. As an SS officer, he was the last person in Nazi Germany to be appointed to the rank of "SS-Obergruppenführer".
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Obergruppenführer Obergruppenführer (] , "senior group leader") was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the "Sturmabteilung" (SA), and adopted by the "Schutzstaffel" (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissioned SS rank, inferior only to "Reichsführer-SS" (Heinrich Himmler or RFSS, which was the internal SS-abbreviation for Himmler) Translated as "senior group leader", the rank of "Obergruppenführer" was senior to "Gruppenführer". A similarly named rank of "Untergruppenführer" existed in the SA from 1929 to 1930 and as a title until 1933. In April 1942, the new rank of "SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer" was created which was above "Obergruppenführer" and below "Reichsführer-SS".
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Truppenamt The Truppenamt or 'Troop Office' was the cover organisation for the German General Staff from 1919 through until 1935 when the General Staff of the German Army ("Heer") was re-created. This subterfuge was deemed necessary in order for Germany to be seen to meet the requirements of the Versailles Treaty. It completely revised German tactical and strategic doctrine and thereby conserved, re-energised and unified the military thinking and capability of the Reichswehr, later to become the Wehrmacht.
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Leutnant Leutnant (] ; OF-1b) is the lowest Lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and military of Switzerland.
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7th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr) The 7th Panzer Division or Westphalian Panzer Division (German: "7. Panzerdivision" or "Westfälische Panzerdivision") was a major formation in the German Army ("Heer") within the German Armed Forces or "Bundeswehr" whose headquarters was for many years in Lippstadt und Unna and, finally in Düsseldorf. Until its dissolution in 2006 it was seen as the "backbone of the Army" or the "spearhead of the German Army". The majority of new weapon systems were introduced by this formation. Many Inspectors of the Army ("Inspekteur des Heeres") were once divisional commanders of the 7th Armoured Division. Its last commander was Wolf-Joachim Clauß.
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Ranks and insignia of the German Army (1935–1945) The Heer as the German army and part of the "Wehrmacht" inherited its uniforms and rank structure from the "Reichsheer" of the Weimar Republic (1921–1935). There were few alterations and adjustments made as the army grew from a limited peacetime defense force of 100,000 men to a war-fighting force of several million men.
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Johannes Thümmler Johannes Hermann Thümmler, also Hans Thümmler, (born August 23, 1906 in Chemnitz; † 28. April 2002 in Eriskirch); was a German Obersturmbannführer and Senior Government, Head of the Gestapo Chemnitz and Katowice, as well as leader of commando 16 group D Einsatzgruppenin Croatia.
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Arbeitsleiter (NSDAP) Arbeitsleiter, German for work leader, was also a Nazi Party political rank which existed between 1939 and 1945. The rank was created to replace the former rank of "mitarbeiter" and was divided into three levels of "arbeitsleiter", "oberarbeitsleiter", and "hauptarbeitsleiter".
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Staffelführer Staffelführer was one of the first paramilitary ranks used by the German "Schutzstaffel" (SS) in the early years of that group’s existence. The later SS rank of "Staffelführer" traces its origins to the First World War, where the title was used by commanding officers of the "Deutsches Heer"'s "Luftstreitkräfte" aircraft squadrons initially named as "Feldflieger Abteilung" as observation-only units in 1914, and during 1916, became known as "Staffeln".
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Government of Nazi Germany The Government of Nazi Germany was a dictatorship run according to the "Führerprinzip". As the successor to the government of the Weimar Republic, it inherited the government structure and institutions of the previous state. Although the Weimar Constitution technically remained in effect until Germany's surrender in 1945, there were no actual restraints on the exercise of state power. In addition to the already extant government of the Weimar Republic, the Nazi leadership created a large number of different organizations for the purpose of helping them govern and remain in power. They rearmed and strengthened the military, set up an extensive state security apparatus and created their own personal party army, which in 1940 became known as the Waffen-SS.
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Fähnrich zur See Fähnrich zur See (Fähnr zS or FRZS) designates in the German Navy of the Bundeswehr a military person or member of the armed forces with the second highest Officer Aspirant (OA – de: Offizieranwärter) rank. According to the salary class it is equivalent to the Portepeeunteroffizier ranks Bootsmann (Marine) and Feldwebel of Heer or Luftwaffe.
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German Legion of Honor The German Legion of Honor was a veterans commemorative award of the Weimar Republic. The award was created in the 1920s under the authority of a "High Council of German Honor" composed of former German veterans, many of whom had served as high-ranking officers or even as generals during World War I. The award was presented apparently for civic accomplishments in peacetime by former veterans, with the criteria including the requirement that the recipient be an "excellent comrade and friend worthy of honor". The High Council of German Honor was also connected extensively with the Freikorps movement and frequently awarded the decoration as a paramilitary award.
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Hans Loritz Oberführer (Senior Colonel) Hans Loritz (12 December 1895, Augsburg – 31 January 1946) joined the SS in September 1930 and the NSDAP in August 1930. In 1933, he formed and commanded the SS Standarte at the Dachau concentration camp.
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Rekrut Rekrut (en: recruit) is the designation of a military appointment, position or status in German-speaking countries that characterizes newly recruited or sought personnel during the initial period of the basic military training. However, in some countries, e.g. Austria and Switzerland, "Rekrut" might be the lowest rank of enlisted men, comparable to NATO OR-1.
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Stasi The Ministry for State Security (German: "Ministerium für Staatssicherheit" , MfS) or State Security Service ("Staatssicherheitsdienst", SSD), commonly known as the Stasi (] ), was the official state security service of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). It has been described as one of the most effective and repressive intelligence and secret police agencies to have ever existed. The Stasi was headquartered in East Berlin, with an extensive complex in Berlin-Lichtenberg and several smaller facilities throughout the city. The Stasi motto was ""Schild und Schwert der Partei"" (Shield and Sword of the Party), referring to the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (German: "Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands", SED). Erich Mielke was its longest-serving chief, in power for thirty-two of the GDR's forty years of existence.
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Truppführer Truppführer (] , "troop leader") was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1930 as a rank of the "Sturmabteilung" (SA). Translated as "Troop Leader", the rank of "Truppführer" evolved from early "Freikorps" titles which traced their origins to World War I.
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Nazi Party Chancellery The Party Chancellery ("Parteikanzlei"), was the name of the head office for the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), designated as such on 12 May 1941. The office existed previously as the Staff of the Deputy Führer ("Stab des Stellvertreters des Führers") but was renamed after Rudolf Hess flew to England in an attempt to negotiate a peace agreement without Hitler's authorization. Hess was denounced by Hitler, his former office was dissolved, and the new Party Chancellery was formed in its place under Martin Bormann.
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Narvik Shield The Narvik Shield (German: "Narvikschild" ) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to all German forces that took part in the battles of Narvik between 9 April and 8 June 1940. It was instituted on 19 August 1940 by Adolf Hitler. The "Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" (OKW) published the order the same day. A total of 8,577 military personnel received the award. It was bestowed by General Eduard Dietl, the commander of Army Group Narvik.
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Bundesgrenzschutz Bundesgrenzschutz (BGS; English: Federal Border Guard ) was the first federal police organization in West Germany after World War II permitted by the Allied occupation authorities. In July 2005, the BGS was renamed "Bundespolizei" (Federal Police) to reflect its transition to a multi-faceted police agency. This was controversial due to the German constitution expressly granting law enforcement power to the states. The fact that the border guard function was so limited allowed its formation notwithstanding this restriction, however in the modern day it has become a fully fledged police force.
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Volkssturmmann Volkssturmmann was a paramiltiary rank of the Volkssturm, the German militia created to defend the German homeland in the last months of World War II. The rank of Volkssturmmann carried no special uniform or insignia and the title was merely held by any person who was drafted to serve in the Volkssturm. The next senior rank of Volkssturmmann was that of "Gruppenführer" (Corporal).
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Johann Rattenhuber Johann Rattenhuber (30 April 1897 – 30 June 1957), also known as Hans Rattenhuber, was a German police and SS general ("Gruppenführer", i. e. Generalleutnant). Rattenhuber was the head of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal "Reichssicherheitsdienst" (Reich Security Service; RSD) bodyguard from 1933 to 1945.
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Military Administration (Nazi Germany) During World War II, Nazi Germany created military-led regimes in occupied territories which were known as a Military administration or Military administration authority (de: "Militärverwaltung"). These differed from "Reichskommissariate" which were led by Nazi Party officials. A "Military administration" was normally led by a "military commander" ("Militärbefehlshaber", official acronym "MilBfh.").