Barciany Castle - Ordensburg Barten, is a 14th-century Castle of which Catholic religious order, founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem?
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Barciany Castle Barciany Castle - Ordensburg Barten, is a 14th-century Teutonic Castle in Barciany village in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Teutonic Order The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Latin: "Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum" , German: "Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem" ), commonly the Teutonic Order ("Deutscher Orden ", "Deutschherrenorden " or "Deutschritterorden "), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. Purely religious since 1929, it still confers limited honorary knighthoods.
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Langue (Knights Hospitaller) A langue or tongue (Italian: "lingua" ) was an administrative division of the Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem) between 1319 and 1798. The term referred to a rough ethno-linguistic division of the geographical distribution of the Order's members and possessions. Each langue was subdivided into Priories or Grand Priories, Bailiwicks and Commanderies. Each langue had an "auberge" as its headquarters, some of which still survive in Rhodes, Birgu and Valletta.
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Nidzica Castle Nidzica castle is a 14th-century castle located in Nidzica, Poland.
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Sēlpils Castle Sēlpils Castle (Latvian: "Sēlpils pils" ) is an ancient castle in Latvia. It was known as Castrum Selonum in Latin. It was built in place of an ancient Selonian hillfort (Sēlpils hillfort, Latvian: "Sēlpils pilskalns" ), a military and political center of ancient Selonia, a land of the Balts. When the Livonian Order entered the land, they built a stone castle known as Selburg in German.
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Commanderies of the Order of Saint John The Order of Saint John (Knights of Malta, Knights Hospitaller) was organised in a system of commandries during the high medieval to early modern periods, to some extent surviving as the organisational structure of the several descended orders that formed after the Reformation.
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Our Lady of the Ark of the Covenant Church The Our Lady of the Ark of the Covenant Church (Hebrew: כנסיית גבירתנו של ארון הברית‎ ‎ , Founded in French: "Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Arche-d'Alliance" ) is the name given to a religious building belonging to the Catholic Church and is located on the northwestern edge of the town of Abu Ghosh in the central Israel. The church is at an altitude of 756 meters above sea level.
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Order of Hubert The" 'Order of the Greyhound"' was founded in 1416 in the Duchy of Bar. One also called this chivalric order, the ""Order of the Faithfulness""
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Cyprus (theme) The Theme of Cyprus (Greek: θέμα Κύπρου , "thema Kyprou") was a Byzantine military-civilian province, located in the island of Cyprus, established in the 960s after the reconquest of Cyprus by the Byzantine navy. Prior to this the island had been a Byzantine-Arab condominium for three centuries, except occasional short periods where it was occupied by either power. A rebellion by governor Theophilos Erotikos in 1042, and another in 1092 by Rhapsomates, failed as they were quickly subdued by imperial forces. At the end of the 12th century there were again separatist tendencies in Cyprus: Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus proclaimed himself as ""basileus"" (emperor) in 1185. Cyprus remained under his command until its conquest in 1191 during the Third Crusade by Richard I of England, who sold it to the Knights Templars.
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Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria) The Order of Saint Michael (German: "Orden zum Heiligen Michael" ) or Royal Merit Order of Saint Michael (German: "Königlicher Verdienstorden vom heiligen Michael" ) was founded in 1693 by Joseph Clemens of Bavaria, then Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, as a Military order. Initially, this order was only open to the Catholic nobility.
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Female order of the Band The Female order of the Band is an female honorific order founded in 1387, bestowed upon the women of Palencia, in Castile and León (Crown of Castile, current Spain). It was founded by John I of Castile in 1387 in order to honor the memory of the knight women who helped the defense of Palencia in the siege that was submitted by English troops, such courage contributed greatly to reject with significant loss to the besiegers. He gave the Palencian noble knight women the privilege of carrying the golden bend "such as bringing the knights of the Order of the Band" created by Alfonso XI in 1332.
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Barons' Crusade The Barons' Crusade, also called the Crusade of 1239, was in territorial terms the most successful crusade since the First. Called by Pope Gregory IX, the Barons' Crusade broadly spanned from 1234-1241 and embodied the highest point of papal endeavor "to make crusading a universal Christian undertaking." Gregory called for a crusade in France, England, and Hungary with different degrees of success. Although the crusaders did not achieve any glorious military victories, they used diplomacy to successfully play the two warring factions of the Muslim Ayyubid dynasty (As-Salih Ismail in Damascus and As-Salih Ayyub in Egypt) against one another for even more concessions than Frederick II gained during the more well-known Sixth Crusade. For a few years, the Barons' Crusade returned the Kingdom of Jerusalem to its largest size since 1187.
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Carthusians The Carthusian Order (Latin: "Ordo Cartusiensis" ), also called the Order of Saint Bruno, is a Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. The order was founded by Bruno of Cologne in 1084 and includes both monks and nuns. The order has its own Rule, called the "Statutes", rather than the Rule of Saint Benedict, and combines eremitical and cenobitic monasticism.
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Robert of Thornham Robert of Thornham (or Robert de Turnham) (died 1211) was an English soldier and administrator. The namesake of his landowner father, he was the younger brother of Stephen of Thornham. Robert made his reputation in connection with the conquest of Cyprus in 1191 during the Third Crusade. On order of King Richard I, he led half the fleet in that battle. Subsequently, he was responsible for controlling the island when the Crusaders moved on, first jointly with Richard de Camville and then independently, when he defeated a group of Cypriot rebels. After he left Cyprus, Robert became more closely identified with Richard I. As the king's "familiaris", he carried Richard's equipment from the Holy Land to England. When Richard I was captured in 1192 in Vienna, among the terms of his release was the presentation of men to stand as "pledges" that the ransom would be paid. Robert was among these hostages, though evidently not for long, as he was back by the king's side in 1194 at Poitiers. Appointed Seneschal of Anjou, he served in France with Richard I, primarily in Anjou and Normandy, throughout the rest of Richard's reign. At around the same time, he was also appointed High Sheriff of Surrey, but he did not return to England until after Richard's death. In 1196, he led troops at Richard's behest into Brittany on an unsuccessful attempt to capture the child Duke of Brittany Arthur, whose mother Constance was resistant to Richard's control. In 1197, King Richard arranged for Robert to marry Isabella Fossard, daughter and heiress of the powerful Yorkshire baron William Fossard. The Fossard inheritance included the castle, honor, and lordship of Mulgrave with 34.5 attached knight's fees.
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Krak des Chevaliers Krak des Chevaliers (] ; Arabic: حصن الفرسان‎ ‎ ), also Crac des Chevaliers, Ḥoṣn al-Akrād (حصن الأكراد ), Castle Alhsn, formerly Crac de l'Ospital, is a Crusader castle in Syria and one of the most important preserved medieval castles in the world. The site was first inhabited in the 11th century by a settlement of Kurdish troops garrisoned there by the Mirdasids; as a result it was known as "Hisn al-Akrad", meaning the "Castle of the Kurds". In 1142 it was given by Raymond II, Count of Tripoli, to the Knights Hospitaller. It remained in their possession until it fell in 1271. It became known as "Crac de l'Ospital"; the name "Krak des Chevaliers" was coined in the 19th century.
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Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia Frederick VI of Hohenstaufen (February 1167 – 20 January 1191) was duke of Swabia from 1170 to his death at the siege of Acre. He was born in Modigliana, the third son of Frederick I Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy and brother of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick was betrothed to the princess Constance of Hungary, but they never married. He died, aged 24, at Acre.
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Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ The Militia or Order of the (Holy) Faith of Jesus Christ (Latin: "Militia Jesu Christi" ) was an ephemeral military order founded in Languedoc in or shortly before 1221. It owed its origins probably to Folquet de Marselha, the Bishop of Toulouse; Simon IV de Montfort, leader of the Albigensian Crusade; and possibly to Dominic of Caleruega, the founder of the Friars Preachers.
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Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers The Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem (1100-1310) is a 4-volume set of medieval documents. It is often cited as source material by scholars of medieval history, the Crusades, or the Military Orders. The collection was edited by J. Delaville le Roulx, and published in Paris between 1894 and 1906. The collection consists of various charters and documents of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem which are numbered and also organized in chronological order, starting in 1100 and ending in 1310. Its abbreviation is often CGOH, Cart. Gen., or simply "Cart."
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Second Crusade The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe as a Catholic ('Latin') holy war against Islam. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by King Baldwin of Boulogne in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.
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Álvar García de Santa María Álvar García de Santa María (1370–1460) was a Spanish historian and Jewish convert to Roman Catholicism during the late Middle Ages. He was born in 1370 into a prominent Castilian Jewish family, but converted in 1390 at the time of evangelization of the Jewish community by St. Vincent Ferrer. His brother Pablo García de Santa María also converted and later became Bishop of Burgos, as did Álvar's nephew Alphonso de Cartagena, another Jewish convert.
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Knights Templar and popular culture The original historic Knights Templar were a Christian military order, the Order of the Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, that existed from the 12th to 14th centuries to provide warriors in the Crusades. These men were famous in the high and late Middle Ages, but the Order was disbanded very suddenly by King Philip IV of France, who took action against the Templars in order to avoid repaying his own financial debts. He accused them of heresy, ordered the arrest of all Templars within his realm, and had many of them burned at the stake. The dramatic and rapid end of the organization led to many stories and legends developing about them over the following centuries. The Order and its members increasingly appear in modern fiction, though most of these references portray the medieval organization inaccurately.
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John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut John of Ibelin (c. 1179 – 1236), called the Old Lord of Beirut, was a powerful crusader noble in the 13th century, one of the best known representatives of the influential Ibelin family. The son of Balian of Ibelin and Maria Comnena, Queen consort of Jerusalem, he had close ties with the nobility of both Cyprus and Jerusalem, since he was the half-brother of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem. Before he was 20, he was appointed constable of Jerusalem, and a few years later became lord of Beirut, where he rebuilt the city after Saladin's conquest, and established the grand Ibelin family palace. He served as regent for two of his young relatives, Isabella's daughter Maria of Montferrat from 1205 to 1210, and then Henry I of Cyprus from 1228 until Henry came of age in 1232. John was known as a principled man, and was seen as the natural leader of the Christian barons in the Holy Land. He resisted the power-seeking of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in Cyprus, and opposed the imperial forces until Henry came of age.