Who was the mother of the emperor that issued the Robot Patent?
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Robot Patent The Robot Patent is an English-language scholarly term for the imperial decrees (patents) in the 1700s abolishing compulsory labor (robot) of serfs, issued by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had carried out a register of all land with a division between peasant and noble holdings.
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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programmes. He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother, Leopold II.
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Empress of Russia Empress of Russia was a title in the Russian Empire between 1721 and 1917.
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Princess Kuniko Princess Kuniko (1209–26 September 1283) was an Empress of Japan. She was the mother-in-law (准母) of Emperor Go-Horikawa.
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Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma Marie Louise (Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia; Italian: "Maria Luigia Leopoldina Francesca Teresa Giuseppa Lucia"; 12 December 1791 – 17 December 1847) was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 1814 until her death. She was Napoleon's second wife and, as such, Empress of the French from 1810 to 1814.
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Cornelia Supera Gaia Cornelia Supera (died after 253 AD) was the Empress of Rome and wife of Emperor Aemilianus.
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Emperor of All Russia The Emperor or Empress of All Russia (Russian: Императоръ Всероссійскій, Императрица Всероссійская , "Imperator Vserossiyskiy", "Imperatritsa Vserossiyskaya") was the title of the ruler of the Russian Empire from 1721 to 1917. It was created in connection with the victory in the Great Northern War and appeared as the adaptation of the Tsar's title under the accepted system of titling in Europe. The suffix "of All Russia" was transformed from the previous version "(Tsar) of All Rus'".
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Maria Sophia of Neuburg Maria Sophia Elisabeth of Neuburg (6 August 1666 – 4 August 1699) was queen of Portugal as the wife of King Peter II from 1687 until her death in 1699. A popular queen, she was noted for her extraordinary generosity and for being the mother of the famously extravagant John V of Portugal.
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Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 April 1673 – 10 April 1742) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess consort of Austria etc. as the spouse of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.
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Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria Maria Amalia of Austria (26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was the Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage. Maria Amalia was a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She was thus younger sister to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and older sister to Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.
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Marcia (mother of Trajan) Marcia (about 33-before 100) was an ancient Roman noblewoman and the mother of the emperor Trajan.
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List of Augustae Augusta (] ; plural Augustae; Greek: αὐγούστα ), was a Roman imperial honorific title given to empresses and honoured women of the imperial families. It was the feminine form of "Augustus" In the third century, "Augustae" could also receive the titles of "Mater Castrorum" ("Mother of the Camp") and "Mater Patriae" ("Mother of the Fatherland").
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Empress Kōjun Empress Kōjun (香淳皇后 , Kōjun-kōgō ) , born Princess Nagako (良子女王 , Nagako Joō , 6 March 1903 – 16 June 2000) , was the wife of Emperor Shōwa of Japan. She was the mother of the present emperor, Akihito.
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Domitia Lepida the Younger Domitia Lepida, also known as Domitia Lepida the Younger, or Domitia Lepida Minor , (c. 5 BC - 54 AD); was the younger daughter of consul, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Antonia Major. Her elder sister was Domitia Lepida the Elder and her younger brother was Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, father of the Emperor Nero. She was the great niece of Emperor Augustus, granddaughter of Octavia the Younger and Triumvir Mark Antony, second cousin to the Emperor Caligula, first cousin and mother-in-law to the Emperor Claudius and paternal aunt of the Emperor Nero. Lepida was a beautiful and influential figure. Like her sister, she was also very wealthy. She had holdings in Calabria and owned the "praedia Lepidiana".
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Helena Dragaš Helena Dragaš (Serbian: Јелена Драгаш, "Jelena Dragaš" , Greek: , "Elenē Dragasē"; c. 1372 – 23 March 1450) was the empress consort of Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and mother of the last two emperors, John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI Palaiologos. Later in life she became a nun. She is venerated as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church under her monastic name, as Saint (Ὑπομονὴ ), translated in English as "Saint Patience".
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Infanta Mariana Victoria of Portugal Mariana Victoria of Portugal (or of Braganza; Portuguese: Mariana Vitória; full name: "Mariana Vitória Josefa Francisca Xavier de Paula Antonieta Joana Domingas Gabriela de Bragança"; ] or [mɐˈɾiɐ ˈɐnɐ viˈtɔɾiɐ ʒuˈzɛfɐ] ; 15 December 1768 – 2 November 1788) was a Portuguese "Infanta" (princess), the eldest daughter of Queen Maria I of Portugal and her king-consort, Infante Pedro of Portugal.
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Catherine the Great Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна "Yekaterina Alekseyevna"; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796 ), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая , "Yekaterina Velikaya"), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader and arguably its most renowned, regardless of gender (although Peter the Great was the only Tsar officially designated as "The Great" ). She came to power following a "coup d'état" when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Russia was revitalised under her reign, growing larger as well as stronger in military terms and becoming recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
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Claudia Marcella Claudia Marcella was the name of the two daughters of Octavia Minor, the sister of Roman emperor Augustus, by her first husband, the consul Gaius Claudius Marcellus. According to the Roman Historian Suetonius, they were known as The Marcellae sisters, and they are also known as the two Marcellae. The sisters were born in Rome. Between 40 BC-36 BC, they lived with their mother and their stepfather Triumvir Mark Antony in Athens, Greece. After 36 BC they accompanied their mother when she returned to Rome with their siblings. They were raised and educated by their mother, their maternal uncle, Roman emperor Augustus, and their maternal aunt-in-marriage Roman Empress Livia Drusilla. These two daughters of Octavia Minor and Gaius Claudius Marcellus with their siblings, provide a critical link between the past of the Roman Republic and the new Roman Empire. The marriages of the sisters and the children born to their unions assured republican family lines into the next generation.
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Hamida Banu Begum Hamida Banu Begum ( 1527 – 29 August 1604, Persian: حمیدہ بانو بیگم‎ , "Ḥamīda Banū Begum " ‎ ) was a wife of the second Mughal emperor Humayun and the mother of his successor, the third Mughal emperor Akbar. She is also known by the title Maryam Makani, which was given to her by her son, Akbar.
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Princess Maria Antonia of Parma Maria Antonia of Parma (Maria Antonia Giuseppa Walburga Anna Luisa Vicenza Margherita Caterina; 28 November 1774 – 20 February 1841) was a Princess of Parma, daughter of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma and his wife, Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. Contrary to what has been frequently stated, she was not named after her aunt, Queen Marie Antoinette of France, who was not her godmother. Maria Antonia's godparents were her uncle, Emperor Joseph II, and her father's aunt, Maria Antonia of Spain, Queen of Sardinia, after whom the princess was named.
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Domitia Lucilla Domitia Lucilla Minor ("Minor", Latin for "the Younger"), sometimes known as Domitia Calvilla or Lucilla (died 155–161), was a noble Roman woman who lived in the 2nd century. She is best known as the mother of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
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Irene Laskarina Irene Laskarina (died 1239) (Greek: Ειρήνη Λασκαρίνα , "Eirēnē Laskarina") was an Empress of Nicaea. She was a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea and Anna Angelina. Her maternal grandparents were Emperor Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina. Her sister Maria Laskarina married King Béla IV of Hungary.