In what country outside the US did Leroy Nicholas Barnes' organized crime syndicate's drug supply reach?
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The Council (drug syndicate) The Council was an African-American organized crime syndicate in New York City that controlled the heroin trade in the Harlem area of the city during the 1970s. Formed by Nicky Barnes in 1972, the seven-man organization ran the heroin trade in Harlem, handled local criminal disputes, and solved other issues related to the drug trade. The Council was heavily connected to the Italian-American Mafia in New York City, where Matthew Madonna of the Lucchese crime family supplied the group with raw heroin, which was then diluted and distributed in Harlem. At its peak, Council-manufactured heroin began to be distributed across New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, as far west as Arizona, and even into Canada. Nicky Barnes was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1978, and in 1982 he became a federal informant, with his testimony leading to the dissolution of The Council in 1983.
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Nicky Barnes Leroy Nicholas "Nicky" Barnes (born October 15, 1933) is an American former crime boss in New York City during the 1970s.
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Columbus Air Force The Columbus Air Force was the nickname for a group of pilots involved in smuggling marijuana to the U.S. in the 1960s and early 1970s. The group was based out of Columbus, New Mexico, a village next to the Mexican border. The group were reportedly the first pilots to transport drugs across the border by small aircraft. They were headed by Martin Willard Houltin, who served as a World War II B-29 bomber pilot in the United States Army Air Corps. The other members of the Columbus Air Force were Robert Burke, Tim Morrison, Michael Francis, Kenneth Croucher, and Curly Phillips.
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Narcoterrorism Narcoterrorism is a term coined by former President Fernando Belaúnde Terry of Peru in 1983 when describing terrorist-type attacks against his nation's anti-narcotics police. In its original context, narcoterrorism is understood to mean the attempts of narcotics traffickers to influence the policies of a government or a society through violence and intimidation, and to hinder the enforcement of anti-drug laws by the systematic threat or use of such violence. Pablo Escobar's violence in his dealings with the Colombian government is probably one of the best known and best documented examples of narcoterrorism.
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Houston crime family The Houston crime family, often labeled as the Houston mob, Galveston Island mob or simply Island Mob was an Italian-American organized crime family centered in the Houston area, and beginning in the resort town of Galveston, Texas, just south of Houston. The family is credited as being influential in the development of Galveston Island into a resort town. The family reached its peak of power during the 1920s during the prohibition, where Sam Maceo led the family to control the illegal distribution of alcohol, prostitution, as well as gambling.
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Illegal drug trade in Guatemala The illegal drug trade in Guatemala includes trans-shipment of cocaine to the United States. According to some reports, Mexican drug cartels such as Sinaloa have also established poppy growing operations there. There is a reported relationship between the Mexican Los Zetas cartel and the Guatemalan Kaibiles military force.
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Human trafficking in Liberia Liberia is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation. Most victims are trafficked within the country, primarily from rural areas to urban areas for domestic servitude, forced street vending, and sexual exploitation. Children are also trafficked to alluvial diamond mining areas for forced labor. Refugees and internally displaced children in Liberia have been subjected to sexual exploitation by some international organization and non-governmental organization (NGO) personnel. A January 2008 United Nations (UN) report indicates, however, that such abuses by UN personnel have declined since the previous year. There have been reports that children are trafficked to Liberia from Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire and from Liberia to Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, and Nigeria for domestic servitude, street vending, sexual exploitation, and agricultural labor. Struggling to rebuild after 14 years of civil conflict and two years of transitional rule, the capacity of the government elected in 2005 to address trafficking is limited by a crippled judiciary and a lack of resources. Aside from capacity issues, in the wake of its war, Liberia has not been sufficiently aggressive in prosecuting traffickers or providing care to victims.
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Organised crime in Australia Organised crime in Australia refers to the activities of various groups of crime families and/or organised crime syndicates in Australia.
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Drug trafficking organizations Drug trafficking organizations are defined by the United States Department of Justice as, "complex organizations with highly defined command-and-control structures that produce, transport, and/or distribute large quantities of one or more illicit drugs." Also known by the shortened acronym DTOs, the groups are responsible for large portions of the illegal drugs entering the United States each year.
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Illegal drug trade The illegal drug trade is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs through the use of drug prohibition laws.
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Juárez Cartel The Juárez Cartel (Spanish: "Cártel de Juárez"), also known as the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organization, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, across the U.S.-Mexico border from El Paso, Texas. The cartel is one of several drug trafficking organizations that have been known to decapitate their rivals, mutilate their corpses and dump them in public places to instill fear not only into the general public, but also into local law enforcement and their rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel. The Juárez Cartel has an armed wing known as La Línea, a Juarez street gang that usually performs the executions. It also uses the Barrio Azteca gang to attack its enemies.
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Drug policy in Laos In 1994, Laos was the world's third largest producer of opium, primarily in the northern provinces. Narcotics trafficking in Laos is difficult to control because of the remoteness of many border areas, their attendant lack of communications, and the scarcity of resources, all of which make stationing officials at many of the border crossings difficult. Several counternarcotics policy initiatives have been undertaken.
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Rizzuto crime family The Rizzuto family is a crime syndicate based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The family territory covers most of southern Quebec and Ontario. The FBI considers the family to be connected to the Bonanno crime family, but Canadian law enforcement considers it to be a separate crime family. The Rizzuto family was part of the powerful Montreal Cotroni crime family until an internal war broke out and the Rizzutos formed their own organization.
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Chambers Brothers (gang) The Chambers Brothers were a criminal organization heavily involved in the distribution of crack cocaine in the city of Detroit, Michigan during the 1980s. The brothers, B.J., Larry, Willie and Otis Chambers, became notorious nationally when the Detroit Police Department confiscated video tapes of the brothers counting their laundry baskets full of money, and flaunting their excessive wealth.
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Los Ántrax Los Ántrax is an enforcer gang of the Mexican drug trafficking organization known as the Sinaloa Cartel. The group was led by the drug lords Jesús Peña ("El 20") and Rodrigo Aréchiga Gamboa ("El Chino Ántrax"), and they are responsible for a number of homicides and for providing armed security services to Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada. The gang operates in the capital city of Culiacán, Sinaloa, where its members conduct homicides and violent attacks.
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La Oficina de Envigado La Oficina de Envigado (English: The Office of Envigado ) is a drug cartel and criminal organization founded as an enforcement and collections arm of Pablo Escobar's Medellin Cartel. It operates throughout Colombia, but mainly in the cities of Medellín and Envigado. It also controls extortion, gambling, and money laundering businesses within the Valle de Aburra that surrounds Medellin. It positioned itself as the chief mediator and debt collector in drug trafficking disputes and maintained major connections with the "paracos" (Colombian paramilitaries) and guerillas.
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Black Mafia Family The Black Mafia Family (BMF) was a drug trafficking organization originally based in Detroit, MI, that was founded in the late 1980s by brothers Demetrius and Terry Flenory. By the year 2000, they had established the cocaine distribution cells throughout the United States. Through their Los Angeles-based drug source, they had direct links to Mexican-based drug cartels.
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Venezuela Venezuela ( ; ] ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: "República Bolivariana de Venezuela" ), is a federal republic located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Colombia on the west, Brazil on the south, Guyana on the east, the Dutch Caribbean ABC islands to the north and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east. Venezuela covers 916445 sqkm and has over 31 million (31,775,371) people. The country has extremely high biodiversity (ranked 7th in the world's list of nations with the most number of species), with habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rain-forest in the south, via extensive "llanos" plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.
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Knights Templar Cartel Knights Templar—Guard of Michoacán (Spanish: "Los Caballeros Templarios Guardia Michoacana") commonly known as the Knights Templar Cartel (Spanish: "Los Caballeros Templarios") is a Mexican criminal organization composed of remnants of the defunct La Familia Michoacana drug cartel based in the Mexican State of Michoacán.
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Miyagawa Yashukichi Miyagawa Yashukichi (born c. 1888) was a Japanese drug trafficker who, while residing in Great Britain as a purchasing agent for a Japanese company, was responsible for one of the largest drug rings in operation at the time. Sending thousands of pounds of heroin to Japan via London, he came under investigation by authorities after customs officials became suspicious of an unusually large order of dolls shipped from Hamburg, Germany to his firm. Examining each by hand, agents discovered thousands of dollars' worth of cocaine had been smuggled inside nearly a dozen dolls.
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List of gangs outside the United States This is a list of gangs, and organized crime groups outside of the United States.
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K&amp;A Gang The K&A Gang (currently known as the Northeast Philly Irish Mob) is a predominantly Irish American criminal network based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The K&A Gang was started following World War II and controlled the city's Irish-American criminal underworld for much of the late 20th century. The group was mainly a burglary ring for much of its early history, but shifted into loansharking, gambling, and ultimately drug trafficking in its later existence. The name "K&A" is derived from Kensington and Allegheny, the road intersection where the gang originally formed.