From which country came a dance used to convert slaves from a continent that borders the Mediterranean Sea?
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Baile de la Conquista The Baile de la Conquista or Dance of the Conquest is a traditional folkloric dance from Guatemala. The dance reenacts the invasion led by Spanish Conquistador Don Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras and his confrontation with the K'iche' Maya ruler Tecún Umán. Although the dance is more closely associated with Guatemalan traditions, it has been performed in early colonial regions of Latin America at the urging of Catholic friars and priests, as a method of converting various native populations and African slaves to Christianity.
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Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With /1e9 round 1 billion people as of , it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.
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Rugovo (sword dance) The Warrior dance of Rugovo (Albanian: "Vallja me shpata e Rugovës" , Serbian: Борбена руговска игра ) is a traditional sword dance named after the Rugova Canyon in Kosovo. There are two male dancers who fight a mock battle for the hand of a girl (a "maiden's dance"). It was made internationally famous by the Kosovo Albanian Rugova clans (hailing from Kelmend in Albania). It has been unreliably claimed that the dance was a historical "warrior training of the guard of the Monastery of Peć". The dance is also found in mountainous Montenegro, where a tribe of shepherds settled in the 18th century. It was part of Yugoslav folk dancing ensemble, and in 1982, it was noted that "in the last time the Rugova dance has gained wide popularity".
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Croatian dances Croatian dance traditionally refers to a series of folk-dances, the most common being the kolo ("circle [dance]"). Croatian dance varies by region, and can be found throughout the various regions of Austria, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Kosovo, Hungary, and Romania. The traditional kolo is a circle dance, where dancers follow each other around the circle, is relatively simple in form and widespread throughout other Slavic countries. Due to emigration, Croatian folk dance groups are prevalent throughout the diaspora, most notably the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany.
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Nisiotika Nisiotika (Greek: νησιώτικα ) is the name of the songs and dances of Greek islands including a variety of Greek styles, played by ethnic Greeks in Greece, Cyprus, Australia, the United States and elsewhere.
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Romani people in Spain The Romani people in Spain, generally known as gitanos (] ), belong to the Iberian Kale group, with smaller populations in Portugal (known as "ciganos") and in southern France. They tend to speak Caló, which basically encompasses a range of regional dialects of Spanish with numerous Romani loan words and mannerisms. Nevertheless, to varying degrees, they identify with Andalusian culture and music due to the large and culturally significant "gitano" population present in that region. Data on ethnicity is not collected in Spain, although the Government's statistical agency CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Gitanos present in Spain is probably around one million.
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Saqaliba Saqāliba (Arabic: صقالبة, sg. "Siqlabi") refers to Slavic slaves, captured on the coasts of Europe in raids or wars, as well as mercenaries in the medieval Muslim world, in the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. It is generally thought that the Arabic term is a Byzantine loanword: "saqlab", "siklab", "saqlabi" etc. is a corruption of Greek "Sklavinoi" meaning "Slavs" (from which the English word "slave" is also derived. The word is often misused to refer only to slaves from Central and Eastern Europe, but it refers to all Eastern Europeans and others traded by the Arab traders during the war or peace periods.
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Yaliboylu Tatars The Yalıboylu (Crimean Tatar: sg. Yalıboylu, pl. Yalıboylular ) are an ethnic group of Crimean Tatars who have traditionally lived along the southern shore ("Yalı boyu" ) of the Crimean Peninsula, hence their name: "Yalıboylu" means "coastal dwellers" in the Crimean Tatar language. They lost they traditional settlement during Joseph Stalin's ethnic cleansing of Crimea in 1943-1944 (see Deportation of Crimean Tatars). The Yalıboylu dialect belongs to Oghuz languages and is very close to the Turkish language. According to the Soviet anthropologist of the early 20th century, Boris Kuftin, who spoke "almost pure southern-Turkish", Yaliboyu Tatars are Mediterranean Caucasoids that have immigrated from Ancient Anatolia of Pontus Kingdom in 10th century B.C. Yaliboyu are descendants of Pontic Greeks. They were Christians until the 14th century A.D., then converted to Sunni Muslims by Noghai Khans.
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Ntames Ntames (Greek: ντάμες ), is a Cretan folk dance from Rethymno, Greece. It is very widespread in Crete. It is danced by couples.
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Morisco Moriscos (] , ] , ] ; Portuguese: "mouriscos" ] , ] ; meaning "Moorish") were former Muslims who converted or were coerced into converting to Christianity, after Spain finally outlawed the open practice of Islam by its sizeable Muslim population (termed Mudejar) in the early 16th century.
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Candombe Candombe is an Uruguayan music and dance that comes from African slaves. It is considered an important aspect of the culture of Uruguay and was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage of humanity. To a lesser extent, Candombe is practiced in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. In Argentina, it can be found in Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Paraná, and Corrientes. In Paraguay is continued this tradition in Kamba Kua (Camba Cua) in Fernando de la Mora near to Asuncion. Also in Brazil, it still retains its religious character and can be found in Minas Gerais State.
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Catholic Church in Greece The Catholic Church in Greece is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Indigenous Roman Catholic Greeks number about 50,000-70.000 and are a religious and not an ethnic minority. Most of them are a reminiscence of Venetian and Genoese rule in many Greek islands (in both the Aegean and Ionian seas) from the early 13th until the late 18th century, or descendants of the thousands of Bavarians that came to Greece in the 1830s as soldiers and civil administrators, accompanying King Otto. One very old but still common term to refer to them is "Φράγκοι", or "Franks", dating to the times of the Byzantine Empire, when medieval Greeks would use that term to describe all Catholics.
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Thynia In the ancient world, Thynia ( , Greek: Θυνία ) was a region of Europe along the northern coast of the Propontis, opposite Bithynia on the Asian side. It was occupied by the Thyni, a Thracian people who came from Thrace. Note that in the Middle Ages, Mesothynia ("middle Thynia") was the peninsula of modern Kocaeli.
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Music of São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe is an island country off the coast of Africa. Culturally, the people are African but have been highly influenced by the Portuguese rulers of the islands.
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Libyan Sea The Libyan Sea (Greek Λιβυκόν πέλαγος , Latin "Libycum Mare") is the portion of the Mediterranean Sea north of the African coast of ancient "Libya", i.e. Cyrenaica, and Marmarica
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Romani people in Libya Romani people in Libya speak the Domari language. They immigrated to the territory of the present day Libya from South Asia, particularly from India, in Byzantine times. Romani (Dom or Nawar) people self-segregated themselves for centuries from the dominant culture of Libya, who view Romani as dishonorable though clever. Historically, Gypsies in Libya have provided musical entertainment as weddings and other celebrations. The Romani people or Gypsies in Libya include subgroups like Nawar, Halebi and Ghagar.
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Festejo Festejo (from Spanish 'fiesta') is a festive form of Afro-Peruvian music. The dance is a staple in the Black coastal populations and it celebrates the emancipation of slaves. Festejo is recognized for its high energy and the improvisation carried out by the dancers. Some believe that its origins trace back to competitive dance circles performed by individuals playing cajóns. Despite its African origins, people of all different backgrounds participate in the dance that many consider to be one of the greatest representations of Peruvian culture.
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Misirlou "Misirlou" (Greek: Μισιρλού < Turkish: "Mısırlı" 'Egyptian' < Arabic: مصر‎ ‎ "Miṣr" 'Egypt') is a traditional song from the Eastern Mediterranean region. The earliest known recording of the song is a 1927 Greek rebetiko / tsifteteli composition influenced by Middle Eastern music. There are also traditional Arabic (belly dancing), Armenian, Persian, Indian, and Turkish versions of the song. This song was very popular from the 1920s in the ethnic Greek and Armenian communities of the Ottoman empire diaspora who settled in the United States of America.
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Byzantine dance The art of Dance in the Byzantine Empire, developed during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, was centered in the capital city of Byzantium, later renamed Constantinople. Byzantine culture was oriented towards Greek culture and Christianity, rather than Roman paganism, in development of the arts. The Byzantine Empire existed for more than a thousand years, from the 4th century CE to 1453.
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Afro European The term Afro European often refers to people who come from regions that are geographically south of Sahara, or former colonies.
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Greeks in Malta The Greek people have a long presence in Malta, since ancient times. The Greeks used the islands for commerce and it is assumed that the location was a place of competition against the Phoenicians. It is not very clear if the Greeks made any colonies here, but we know that the island was known in Greece under the name Melite ("Μελίτη ") a derivative of the Greek word for honey ("μέλι "), and the Romans later transcribed the name to "Melita", which evolved into the modern "Malta".
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Berbers Berbers (Berber: "Mazices" / "Imaziɣen" / "Imazighen" singular: ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ "Amaziɣ" / "Amazigh") are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to North Africa. They are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River. Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family. Since the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the seventh century, a large number of Berbers inhabiting the Maghreb (Tamazgha) have acquired different degrees of knowledge of varieties of the languages of North Africa. After the colonization of North Africa by France, "the French government succeeded in integrating the French language in Algeria by making French the official national language and requiring all education to take place in French." Foreign languages, mainly French and to some degree Spanish, inherited from former European colonial powers, are used by most educated Berbers in Algeria and Morocco in some formal contexts, such as higher education or business.