The predominant form of Hindu nationalism in India is the basis of which right-wing Hindu nationalist organisation?
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Vishva Hindu Parishad The Vishva Hindu Parishad (IAST: Viśva Hindū Pariṣada, pronunciation: /vɪʃv(ə) hɪnd̪uː pərɪʃəd̪/ , translation: "World Hindu Council"), abbreviated VHP, is an Indian right-wing Hindu nationalist organisation based on the ideology of "Hindutva". The organisation has been described as "extremist", and characterised as "militant" for its activities in spearheading the Ram Janmabhoomi movement that led to the demolition of the Babri Masjid.
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Hindutva Hindutva ("Hinduness"), a term popularised by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923, is the predominant form of Hindu nationalism in India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) adopted it as its official ideology in 1989. It is championed by the Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and its affiliate organisations, notably the Vishva Hindu Parishad.
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Hindu politics Hindu politics refers to the political movements professing to draw inspiration from Hinduism. Hindu nationalism is the numerically most significant among the current political movements claiming to be inspired by Hinduism.
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Garam dal The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885, in 1907 it split into two faction, extremists - "Garam Dal" (hot faction) led by Tilak and moderates "Naram Dal" (soft faction) led by Gokhale. They were termed so because of their attitude towards the British rule. The Garam Dal is considered as a trimuvirate comprising apart from Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipinchandra Pal. According to Bhatt and Bhargava, the differences between the two factions of the Congress paralyzed it, due to which "the agitation for independence ran out of steam and it remained so till the end of the first world war". The Naram Dal of the Congress helped the British in its war effort, on the other hand the Garam Dal led by Tilak and Annie Beasant started the Home Rule League agitation in 1917. Asgharali Engineer writes that the Garam Dal separated itself from the Congress, after the differences that came to fore during the Congress session of Surat in 1907. Motilal Nehru until 1915, was a follower of the moderates, however under persuasion of his son Jawaharlal Nehru, his politics led him to join the Garam Dal.
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List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of "Satyagraha" — the resistance of alleged tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon "ahimsa" or total nonviolence — which inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known in India and across the world with the honorific "Mahatma Gandhi" (Sanskrit: महात्मा "mahātmā" — "Great Soul") and as "Bapu" (Gujarati: બાપુ "bāpu" — "Father"). In India, he is recognised as the Father of the Nation by the political class and 2 October, his birthday, is commemorated each year on Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and dry day.
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List of Hindu organisations Hinduism is practiced and preached by many Hindu organisations, each of which follows the variants and perspectives of all or particular philosophy propagated and transferred through generations by saints. Hinduism may be more of a custom or tradition of that part of the world which the great epics of Hinduism are supposed to depict. Hinduism is based on the Vedas, some of which are humanity's oldest inscriptions on life and spirituality. They differ on how to achieve life's ultimate goal – "Atma Jnana" or self-realisation. Devotees can choose any path depending on their individual natures.
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Organiser (magazine) Organiser is an affiliated publication of the Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), launched as a newspaper in 1947 in the weeks before the Partition of India. Despite its professed claims of independence, it is regarded by scholars as an official organ of the RSS. The newspaper has been edited by A. R. Nair, K. R. Malkani, L. K. Advani, V. P. Bhatia, Seshadri Chari and R. Balashanker. The current editor is Prafulla Ketkar. "Organiser" was relaunched in a magazine format since the edition of 1 April 2014.
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Bahujan Samaj Party The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is the third largest national political party in India. It was formed mainly to represent Bahujans (literally meaning "People in majority"), referring to people from the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes (OBC), as well as religious minorities that together consist of 85 percent of India's population but still divided into 6000 different castes.
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P. Parameswaran P. Parameshwaran (often referred to as Parameswarji) is a Hindutva thinker in Kerala and an orator. He is the director of Bharatiya Vichara Kendra and the president of Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari. He is also one of the founder members of the International Forum for India's Heritage (IFIH). He is considered as the seniormost Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharak and ideologue in Kerala.
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Bharatiya Grameen Mahila Sangh Bharatiya Grameen Mahila Sangh or BGMS (National Association of Rural Women India), founded in 1955, is a non-political and non-sectarian national organization with branches all over India, in 14 states and union territories. It is affiliated with the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW), the world's largest organization for rural women, which in turn is a consultative body for UNO, UNESCO, WHO, and ILO.
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Popular Front of India The Popular Front of India is a Islamic fundamentalist organisation in India formed as a successor to National Development Front (NDF) in 2006. It acquired a multi-state dimension by merging with the National Development Front, Manitha Neethi Pasarai, Karnataka Forum for Dignity and other organisations. It is portrayed as a neo-social movement committed to empower people to ensure justice, freedom and security. The organisation has various wings to cater to different section of society, including the National Women's Front and the Campus Front of India.
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Pachlegaonkar Maharaj Pachlegaonkar Maharaj is a founder of the Hindu Rashtra Sena and Mukteshwar Dal. He played a very important role in the Hyderabad liberation movement. He created a nationalist groundswell in the people for the independence of India.
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Vaikhanasas Vaikhānasa is one of the principal traditions of Hinduism and primarily worships Vishnu (and his associated Avatars) as the Supreme God. The followers are mainly Brahmins of Krishna Yajurveda Taittiriya Shakha and Vaikhanasa Kalpasutra. The name "Vaikhānasa" stands for the followers and the fundamental philosophy itself with the name derived from founder, Sage Vaikhanasa. It is principally monotheistic in its philosophy, whilst also incorporating elements which could be described as being panentheistic. Vaikhanansas principle focuses on rituals and worship of Lord Vishnu rather than the philosophy of Uttara Mimamsa, unlike Vaishnavism, the larger and more prevalent form on Vishnu worship.
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Saffron terror Saffron terror is a neologism used to describe acts of violence motivated by Hindu nationalism. The acts are allegedly perpetrated by members, or alleged members, of Hindu nationalist organizations close to Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Abhinav Bharat.
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Krantikari Adivasi Mahila Sangathan Krantikari Adivasi Mahila Sangathan (English: "Revolutionary Adivasi Women's Organisation") is a banned women's organisation based in India. The Krantikari Adivasi Mahila Sangathan (KAMS) is a successor of the Adivasi Mahila Sanghathana (AMS). The foundation of the AMS was laid by the Maoists in 1986.
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Dravidar Kazhagam Dravidar Kazhagam or Dravida Kazhagam (Dravidian Organization) was one of the first Dravidian parties in India. The party was founded by E. V. Ramasamy, also called Thanthai Periyar. Its original goals were to eradicate the ills of the existing caste system including untouchability and on a grander scale to obtain a "Dravida Nadu" (Dravidian nation) from the Madras Presidency. Dravidar Kazhagam would in turn give birth to many other political parties including Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Dravidar Kazhagam is now headed by K.Veeramani.
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All Jammu &amp; Kashmir Patriotic Peoples Front All Jammu & Kashmir Patriotic Peoples Front, a state political party in Jammu and Kashmir. The group is a pro-Indian faction, linked to the so-called counter-insurgent or paramilitary forces. Their origins lie in the Muslim Mujahedin group (itself a splinter group from Hizb-ul-Mujahedin). The Muslim Mujahedin group was a former islamist guerrilla group that turned themselves in to the government in 1995 and developed cooperation with the Indian army. During 1997–1998, the forces of the Muslim Mujahedin group were demobilized, and the remaining members reorganized as The Patriotic Peoples Front.
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Hindu Human Rights The Hindu Human Rights (HHR) is a United Kingdom-based organisation, stating as its aim "educating people about human rights of Hindus". This group maintains a website which actively displays news about persecution of Hindus or destruction of temples. This group also publishes articles concerning Hindus and their human rights.
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Two-nation theory The two-nation theory is the ideology that the primary identity and unifying denominator of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent is their religion, rather than their language or ethnicity, and therefore Indian Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations, regardless of ethnic or other commonalities. The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South Asia), and the partition of India in 1947.
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History of the Anushilan Samiti The history of the Anushilan Samiti stretches from its beginning early in the first decade of 1900 to its gradual dissemination into the Congress-led Indian independence movement and into the Communist politics in India in the late 1930s. The "Samiti" began in the first decade of the 20th century in Calcutta as conglomeration of local youth groups and gyms. However, its focus was both physical education and proposed moral development of its members. From its inception it sought to promote what it perceived as Indian values and to focus on Indian sports e.g. "Lathi" and Sword play. It also encouraged its members to study Indian history as well as those of European liberalism including the French Revolution, Russian Nihilism and Italian unification. Soon after its inception it became a radical organisation that sought to end British Raj in India through revolutionary violence. After World War I, it declined steadily as its members identified closely with leftist ideologies and with the Indian National Congress. It briefly rose to prominence in the late second and third decade, being involved in some notable incidences in Calcutta, Chittagong and in the United Provinces. The samiti dissolved before the Second World War into the Revolutionary Socialist Party.
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African nationalism African nationalism is an umbrella term which refers to a group of political ideologies, mainly within Sub-Saharan Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states. The ideology emerged under European colonial rule during the 19th and 20th centuries and was loosely inspired by nationalist ideas from Europe. Originally, African nationalism was based on demands for self-determination and played an important role in forcing the process of decolonisation of Africa ( 1957-66). However, the term refers to a broad range of different ideological and political movements and should not be confused with Pan-Africanism which may seek the federation of several or all nation states in Africa.
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Swaraj Party The Swaraj Party, Swarajaya Party or Swarajya Party or Swarajist Party, established as the Congress-Khilafat Swarajaya Party, was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj. It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many other languages of India, "swaraj" means "independence" or "self-rule." The two most important leaders were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary.