Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters is a children's book by former United States President Barack Obama, the stories of thirteen Americans are told in the book, including Jackie Robinson, who was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American, to play in which organization?
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Of Thee I Sing (book) Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters is a children's book by former United States President Barack Obama, with illustrations by Loren Long. It is described by the publisher as "a moving tribute to thirteen groundbreaking Americans and the ideals that have shaped our nation." The stories of thirteen Americans are told in the book: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Neil Armstrong, Sitting Bull, Cesar Chavez, Billie Holiday, Maya Lin, Albert Einstein (who was born in Germany), Georgia O'Keeffe, Jackie Robinson, Helen Keller, and Jane Addams."
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Jackie Robinson Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947. When the Dodgers signed Robinson, they heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.
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Sammy T. Hughes Samuel Thomas Hughes (October 20, 1910 – August 9, 1981) was an American second baseman in baseball's Negro Leagues. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, he played primarily for the Elite Giants through their various stops in Nashville, Columbus, Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, always in the Negro National League.
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Civil Rights Congress The Civil Rights Congress (CRC) was a United States civil rights organization, formed in 1946 at a national conference for radicals and disbanded in 1956. It succeeded the International Labor Defense, the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, and the National Negro Congress, serving as a defense organization. Beginning about 1948, it became involved in representing African Americans sentenced to death and other highly prominent cases, in part to highlight racial injustice in the United States. After Rosa Lee Ingram and her two teenage sons were sentenced in Georgia, the CRC conducted a national appeals campaign on their behalf, their first for African Americans.
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Kansas City Monarchs The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro Leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. J. L. Wilkinson was the first Caucasian owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any major league team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro League World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record. After sending more players to the major leagues than any other Negro League franchise, the team was finally disbanded in 1965.
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John Drew (baseball) John Mott Drew (1883–1977) was an African-American entrepaneur and sports executive who was an officer and owner of the Hilldale Club of the Negro leagues. Drew started out in the transportation business, forming the John M. Drew Bus Line in Darby, Pennsylvania. He took over the responsibility of running the club after Ed Bolden became incapaciatated, working with the team from 1928 to 1932. He was the eldest son of Napoleon Bonaparte Drew a slave at Belmead (Powhatan, Virginia) who became the first black man in Powatan, Virginia after Emancipation.
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James Semler James "Soldier Boy" Semler was an American sports executive who co-owned the New York Black Yankees of the Negro National League. He owned the team, along with Bill Robinson, from 1932 to 1948.
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Oscar Jackson (baseball) Oscar "Oss" Jackson was an African-American baseball outfielder and first baseman in the late 19th century. He played for several teams from 1887 to 1906, spending the majority of his career with the Cuban Giants. He was the brother of fellow player Andrew Jackson.
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Elliott Maddox Elliott Maddox (born December 21, 1947) is an African-American former Major League Baseball American player. Maddox, from 1970 to 1980, played for the Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators/Texas Rangers, New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, and New York Mets.
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American Beach, Florida American Beach is a historic beach community popular with African-American vacationers. It is located north of Jacksonville on Amelia Island in Nassau County. During the time of segregation and the Jim Crow era, African Americans were not allowed to swim at most beaches in Jacksonville, and several black-only areas were created. American Beach was the largest and most popular, and was a community established by Abraham Lincoln Lewis, Florida's first black millionaire and president of the Afro-American Life Insurance Company. It contains American Beach Historic District, a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
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Dan Bankhead Daniel Robert Bankhead (May 3, 1920 – May 2, 1976) was the first African American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played in Negro league baseball for the Birmingham Black Barons and the Memphis Red Sox from 1940 to 1947, then played for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1951. During World War II, he served in the Marine Corps from 1942 to 1945.
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Ted Bonda Alva T. "Ted" Bonda (1917 in Cleveland, OH – October 22, 2005 in Cleveland) was the president of the Cleveland Indians from 1973 to 1978. He was a partner in Nick Mileti's ownership group who assumed control of the team in 1973, though Mileti wasn't completely bought out until 1975. While with the Indians in 1974 he hired Frank Robinson to be the first African-American baseball manager.
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Bob Ferguson (infielder) Robert Vavasour Ferguson (January 31, 1845 – May 3, 1894) was an American infielder, league official, manager and umpire in the early days of baseball, playing both before and after baseball became a professional sport. In addition to playing and managing, he served as president of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players from 1872 through 1875, the sport's first entirely professional league. His character and unquestioned honesty were highly regarded during a period in baseball history where the game's reputation was badly damaged by gamblers and rowdy behavior by players and fans. However, his bad temper and stubbornness were traits that created trouble for him at times during his career, and caused him to be disliked by many. His nickname, "Death to Flying Things", was derived from his greatness as a defensive player.
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C. I. Taylor Charles Isham Taylor (January 20, 1875 – February 23, 1922) was an American second baseman, manager and executive in Negro league baseball. Born in Anderson, South Carolina, he was the oldest among four sons of a Methodist minister—including Candy Jim, Ben and Johnny—who made a remarkable impact on black baseball.
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Alabama Pitts Edwin Collins "Alabama" Pitts, Jr. (November 22, 1909 – June 7, 1941) was an American convicted felon who garnered media attention in his attempt to play professional baseball after his release from Sing Sing prison. After being denied the ability to play for the Albany Senators of the International League in 1935 by the president of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, he appealed to Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who withheld his appeal. Pitts went on to play for five years as a baseball player and two years as a football player, including one as a member of the National Football League's Philadelphia Eagles.
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Dayton Rens The Dayton Rens were a member of the USA National Basketball League (NBL) for the 1948-49 season and were the only all-black team to play in a white league. This milestone came just one year after Jackie Robinson, playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers, broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball. For the Rens, however, this milestone would be the only highlight of a season in which they finished in last place with a record of 16-43.
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Chuck Cooper (basketball) Charles Henry "Chuck" Cooper (September 29, 1926 – February 5, 1984) was an American professional basketball player. He and two others, Nat "Sweetwater" Clifton and Earl Lloyd, became the first African-American players in the NBA in 1950. Cooper was also the first African American to be drafted by a National Basketball Association (NBA) team, as the first pick of the second round by the Boston Celtics.
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List of Major League Baseball player-managers Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in North American professional baseball. Founded in 1869, it is composed of 30 teams. Each team in the league has a manager, who is responsible for team strategy and leadership on and off the field. Assisted by various coaches, the manager sets the line-up and starting pitcher before each game, and makes substitutions throughout the game. In early baseball history, it was not uncommon for players to serve as player–managers; that is, they managed the team while still being signed to play for the club. In the history of MLB, there have been 221 player–managers, 59 of whom are in the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
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Charlie Peete Nicknamed "Mule", Peete stood 5 ft tall, weighed 190 lb , batted left-handed and threw right-handed. The native of Franklin, Virginia, began his professional career in the Negro leagues with the Indianapolis Clowns and played semi-professional baseball in Canada before signing with the unaffiliated Portsmouth, Virginia, "Merrimacs" of the mid-level, Class B Piedmont League in 1953; Peete was the first African-American to play in that league since the baseball color line was broken in 1946.
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Mule Suttles George "Mule" Suttles (March 31, 1901 – July 9, 1966) was an American first baseman and outfielder in Negro league baseball, most prominently with the Birmingham Black Barons, St. Louis Stars and Newark Eagles. Best known for his power hitting, Suttles was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
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Bill Yancey William James "Bill" Yancey (April 2, 1902 – April 13, 1971) was an African-American baseball shortstop in the Negro Leagues. He played from 1927 to 1936. He also played for the New York Renaissance, an all-black professional basketball team. Yancey also served as a Major League scout for the New York Yankees and Philadelphia Phillies.
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Jackie Robinson (film) Jackie Robinson is a 2016 documentary film directed by Ken Burns. It debuted as a two-part series, the first half premiering on April 11, 2016, and the second half airing the night after. It concerns the life of Jackie Robinson, the first African-American to play in the major leagues of baseball in the modern era.