Which was decided first, Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp. or Texas v. White?
50d51a82fc5cd0b5bd8f86e4f395d3f0
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp. Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp., 400 U.S. 542 (1971) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, an employer may not, in the absence of business necessity, refuse to hire women with pre-school-age children while hiring men with such children. It was the first sex discrimination case under Title VII to reach the Court.
6785cfce5d199c71d396500da6cb736a
Texas v. White Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1869) was a case argued before the United States Supreme Court in 1869. The case involved a claim by the Reconstruction government of Texas that United States bonds owned by Texas since 1850 had been illegally sold by the Confederate state legislature during the American Civil War. The state filed suit directly with the United States Supreme Court, which, under the United States Constitution, retains original jurisdiction on certain cases in which a state is a party.
28bd0ce5bcde3866268e5a4ccd669288
John Phillips (judge) The Honourable John David Phillips QC LLB (born 1936) is a distinguished lawyer and retired judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria, the highest court in the Australian state of Victoria.
bec7d3ac4740b041e223b0c84f25f6cf
Gregory A. Phillips Gregory Alan Phillips (born August 17, 1960) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit and former Wyoming Attorney General.
ca44025bcffa5686a89cbc11010e3c32
United States v. Miller United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939) , was a Supreme Court case that involved a Second Amendment challenge to the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA). "Miller" is often cited in the ongoing American gun politics debate, as both sides claim that it supports their position.
9c087df8db4c88b15a467cd03ec0ee42
J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B., 511 U.S. 127 (1994), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that making peremptory challenges based solely on a prospective juror's sex is unconstitutional. "J.E.B." extended the court's existing precedent in "Batson v. Kentucky" (1986), which found race-based peremptory challenges in criminal trials unconstitutional, and "Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company" (1991), which extended that principle to civil trials. As in "Batson", the court found that sex-based challenges violate the Equal Protection Clause.
b84c14897e4c060ad41e56b35377e0a1
Brown v. Texas Brown v. Texas, 443 U.S. 47 (1979) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court determined that the defendant's arrest in El Paso, Texas, for a refusal to identify himself, after being seen and questioned in a high crime area, was not based on a reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing and thus violated the Fourth Amendment. It is an important case for Stop and Identify statutes in the United States.
f1aebd65ceabee442f03c729bd5d37a8
Michael Patrick Michael Ryan Patrick is an attorney and author and is frequently quoted in well-known media. Michael Patrick is known for working on intellectual property cases against some of the world's largest companies, including a partial role against Fisher-Price, Inc. More recently, Michael Patrick was featured in the August 2010 edition of the National Defense Magazine for his views on the rising costs of anti-bribery, anti-corruption and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) compliance. Michael Patrick was also an attorney on an amicus brief in the widely covered Fox Television Studios v. FCC case. The case was decided on July 13, 2010 by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which held that the FCC's policy violates the First Amendment because it is unconstitutionally vague, creating a chilling effect that goes far beyond the fleeting expletives that were at issue. The FCC's order and the indecency policy underlying it was struck down. Michael Patrick has also worked on behalf of GLOCK, Jessica Simpson, Jay Geils and numerous others.
69fcb9cc45dfac25af3c127b0a744d25
Martin v. Ohio Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228 (1987), is a criminal case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the presumption of innocence requiring prosecution to prove each element of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt only applies to elements of the offense, and does not extend to the defense of justification, whereby states could legislate a burden on the defense to prove justification. The decision was split 5-4. The decision does not preclude states from requiring such a burden on the prosecution in their laws.
8ef5627cf8c100ebebb67d70d7ec717e
Van Orden v. Perry Van Orden v. Perry, 545 U.S. 677 (2005) , was a United States Supreme Court case involving whether a display of the Ten Commandments on a monument given to the government at the Texas State Capitol in Austin violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
642bbf0a789c9c5fe6c587c58a6d8e00
Murdock v. City of Memphis Murdock v. City of Memphis, 87 U.S. 590 (1875), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court.
41879b18c01cd85bf74c4c41a50bd125
Georgia v. McCollum Georgia v. McCollum, 505 U.S. 42 (1992) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a criminal "defendant" cannot make peremptory challenges based solely on race. The court had previously held in "Batson v. Kentucky" (1986) that prosecutors cannot make peremptory challenges based on race, but didn't address whether defendants could use them. The court had already ruled in "Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company" (1991) that the "Batson" prohibition also applies to civil litigants because they are state actors during the jury selection process.
d8f9a326305c0c04612d887334513f39
Meyer v. Nebraska Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that held that a 1919 Nebraska law restricting foreign-language education violated the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
0367c95550105adf1e8d9bab28aa8882
National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education of the City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 729 F.2d 1270 (10th Cir. 1984), is a decision by the Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit that upheld in part, and struck down in part, a law allowing schools to fire teachers for public homosexual conduct. It was the first federal appellate court decision to deny that sexual orientation is a suspect classification. It was affirmed by an equally divided vote in the United States Supreme Court.
a9b81e463410da8ee459fa6a3fc823dc
Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288 (1936) , was a United States Supreme Court case that provided the first elaboration of the doctrine of "Constitutional avoidance".
1ad16954ea893e9664f5c2f2beba3b20
United States v. Carolene Products Co. United States v. Carolene Products Company, 304 U.S. 144 (1938), was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme Court. The case contains for its famous "Footnote Four" in which the Court established the system of heightened scrutiny for laws targeting "discrete and insular minorities," compared with the lower scrutiny applied for economic regulations, as in this case.
2ba82790de947e76c4d7b01c6897166b
Rummel v. Estelle Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263 (1980) , (sometimes erroneously cited as Rummel v. Estell) was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a life sentence with the possibility of parole under Texas' three strikes law for a felony fraud crime, where the offense and the defendant's two prior offenses involved approximately $230 of fraudulent activity.
c48eaffd077f678d6da329c4c7618506
McCabe v. Atchison, Topeka &amp; Santa Fe Railway Co. McCabe v. Atchison, Topeka &amp; Santa Fe Railway Co.
363ee1535aa948cfe69646cf283368c0
Wainwright v. Witt Wainwright vs. Witt, 470 U.S. 1039 (1985) , was a U.S. Supreme Court case concerning a criminal defendant, Johnny Paul Witt, who argued that his Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated when he was sentenced to death for first degree murder by the state of Florida. He argued that the trial court had unconstitutionally hand-picked a jury during the "voir dire" process. This was because certain people were excused from the jury because they admitted pre-trial, that their decision of guilty or not guilty toward capital punishment would be swayed due to personal or religious beliefs.
743932894cefc5bdeb9002b66c82b7b1
West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy, 512 U.S. 186 (1994) , was a United States Supreme Court case.
d5cd89b35d84b462d12e13b5cd035752
Ray v. Blair Ray v. Blair, 343 U.S. 214 (1952), is a major decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. It was a case on state political parties requiring of presidential electors to pledge to vote for the party's nominees before being certified as electors. It ruled that it is constitutional for states to allow parties to require such a pledge of their candidates for elector, and that it was not a breach of otherwise qualified candidates' rights to be denied this position if they refused the pledge. However, the violation of any pledge a faithless elector made was not at issue. It officially defined state electors as representatives of their respective states, not the federal government. The case was argued on March 31, 1952 and decided on April 3, 1952.
529e2bd2c4593af4e9abb64d59689e42
Burlington Northern &amp; Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White Burlington Northern &amp; Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White