What year was the Sunda clouded leopard classified as a separate species than its mainland relative, the clouded leopard?
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Neofelis Neofelis is a genus comprising two extant felid species from Southeast Asia: the clouded leopard ("Neofelis nebulosa") of mainland Asia, and the Sunda clouded leopard ("Neofelis diardi") of Sumatra and Borneo.
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Sunda clouded leopard The Sunda clouded leopard ("Neofelis diardi"), also known as the Sundaland clouded leopard, is a medium-sized wild cat found in two Indonesian islands of Borneo and Sumatra. In 2006, it was classified as a separate species, distinct from its continental relative "Neofelis nebulosa".
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Leopard The leopard ("Panthera pardus") is one of the five "big cats" in the genus "Panthera". It is a member of the family Felidae with a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. Fossil records suggest that in the Late Pleistocene it occurred in Europe and Japan.
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Aldabrachelys Aldabrachelys is the recognised genus for the Seychelles and Madagascan radiations of giant tortoises, including the Aldabra giant tortoise ("Aldabrachelys gigantea").
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Giant mouse lemur The giant mouse lemurs (members of the genus Mirza) are a genus of strepsirrhine primates. Two species have been formally described; the northern giant mouse lemur ("Mirza zaza") and Coquerel's giant mouse lemur ("Mirza coquereli"). Like all other lemurs, they are native to Madagascar, where they are found in the western dry deciduous forests and further to the north in the Sambirano valley and Sahamalaza Peninsula. First described in 1867 as a single species, they were grouped with mouse lemurs and dwarf lemurs. In 1870, British zoologist John Edward Gray assigned them to their own genus, "Mirza". The classification was not widely accepted until the 1990s, which followed the revival of the genus by American paleoanthropologist Ian Tattersall in 1982. In 2005, the northern population was declared a new species, and in 2010, the World Wide Fund for Nature announced that a southwestern population might also be a new species.
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Barred eagle-owl The barred eagle-owl ("Bubo sumatranus"), also called the Malay eagle-owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is a member of the large genus "Bubo" which is distributed on most of the world's continents. This relatively little-known species is found from the southern Malay Peninsula down a string of several of the larger southeast Asian islands to as far as Borneo. It forms a superspecies with the physically similar but larger spot-bellied eagle-owl ("Bubo nipalensis"), although the two species appear to be allopatric in distribution.
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Tiliqua gigas Tiliqua gigas (Indonesian blue-tongued skink) is a close relative of the Eastern blue-tongued lizard. They are endemic to the island of New Guinea and other various surrounding islands. They are found typically in the rainforest, and in captivity, require high humidity. As opposed to "Tiliqua scincoides", they are fairly lean. They're also accompanied by long tails (60–90% of their SVL). There are currently three subspecies of "Tiliqua gigas". First subspecies to be recognized is "Tiliqua gigas gigas" (Schneider, 1801), in which are simply called the Indonesian blue-tongued skink. The second subspecies is "Tiliqua gigas keyensis" (Oudemans, 1894), typically called the Kei island blue-tongued skink. Lastly, there is "Tiliqua gigas evanescens", which is called the Merauke blue-tongued skink.
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Clouded Apollo The clouded Apollo ("Parnassius mnemosyne") is a butterfly species of the family of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) found in the Palearctic ecozone.
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Somali lion The Somali lion ("Panthera leo leo" or "Panthera leo melanochaita") refers to a lion population in Somalia. Already in the 1980s, the national lion population had greatly declined due to poaching and was restricted to woodlands in the southern part of the country.
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Sumatran muntjac The Sumatran Muntjac ("Muntiacus montanus") is a deer which can be the size of a large dog. It was discovered in 1914, but had not been sighted since 1930 until one was snared and freed from a hunter's snare in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia in 2002. Two other Sumatran muntjac have since been photographed in the park. The Sumatran Muntjac has been placed on the IUCN Red List for 2008, but is listed as Data Deficient, as taxonomical issues are still unresolved (it sometimes is considered a subspecies "M. muntjak montanus" of the common muntjac). The distribution of the species is also uncertain and may be more extensive than suggested. It is possible that some previous sightings of the common muntjac in Western Sumatra were the Sumatran muntjac.
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Italian wolf The Italian wolf ("Canis lupus italicus"), also known as the Apeninne wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to the Italian Peninsula. It inhabits the Apennine Mountains and the Western Alps, though it is undergoing expansion towards the north and east. As of 2005, the Italian wolf population is estimated to consist of 500 individuals. It has been strictly protected in Italy since the 1970s, when the population reached a low of 70–100 individuals. The population is increasing in number, though illegal hunting and persecution still constitute a threat. A 2016 survey conducted by ISPRA ("Istituto superiore per la protezione e la ricerca ambientale") showed that there were probably between 1,269-1,800 wolves in Italy in 2009-2013. Since the 1990s, the Italian wolf's range has expanded into southwestern France and Switzerland. Although not universally recognised as a distinct subspecies, it nonetheless possesses a unique mtDNA haplotype and a distinct skull morphology.
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Western lowland gorilla The western lowland gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla gorilla") is one of two subspecies of the western gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla") that lives in montane, primary and secondary forests and lowland swamps in central Africa in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It is the nominate subspecies of the western gorilla.
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Cave lion Cave lions are large extinct carnivorous felids that are classified either as subspecies of the lion ("Panthera leo") or as distinct but closely related species, depending on the authority.
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Red lemur The red lemur (Eulemur rufus), also known as the rufous brown lemur or northern red-fronted lemur, is a species of lemur from Madagascar. Until 2001, the species "E. rufus" was considered a subspecies of the common brown lemur, "E. fulvus", after which it was classified as its own species. In December 2008, the species was split into two separate species, the red lemur, "E. rufus", distributed in dry lowland forests in northwestern Madagascar, and the red-fronted lemur, "E. rufifrons", distributed in southwest and eastern Madagascar. The species split was based on genetic and morphological evidence. Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that "E. rufifrons" may be more closely related to the Common Brown Lemur ("E. fulvus"), white-headed lemur ("E. albifrons") and Sanford's brown lemur ("E. sanfordi") than it is to "E. rufus".
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Chinese white dolphin The Chinese white dolphin is a variety of Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin ("Sousa chinensis"; ). This variety inhabits the eastern portion of the species range, in Southeast Asia and Australia. Some biologists regard the Chinese white dolphin as a separate subspecies, "Sousa chinensis chinensis", from the "Plumbea"-type Indo-Pacific humbacked dolphin, which lives in the western part of the species range, from east Africa to India. However, DNA testing has indicated that the "Chinensis"-type dolphins from Southeast Asia are more closely related to the "Plumbea"-type dolphins than they are to the "Chinensis"-type dolphins from Australia.
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Bonobo The bonobo ( or ; "Pan paniscus"), formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often, the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee, is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus "Pan"; the other is "Pan troglodytes", or the common chimpanzee. Although the name "chimpanzee" is sometimes used to refer to both species together, it is usually understood as referring to the common chimpanzee, whereas "Pan paniscus" is usually referred to as the bonobo.
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Sumatran elephant The Sumatran elephant ("Elephas maximus sumatranus") is one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to the Indonesia island of Sumatra. In 2011, the Sumatran elephant has been classified as critically endangered by IUCN as the population has declined by at least 80% over the last three generations, estimated to be about 75 years. The subspecies is pre-eminently threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and poaching; over 69% of potential elephant habitat has been lost within the last 25 years. Much of the remaining forest cover is in blocks smaller than 250 km2 , which are too small to contain viable elephant populations.
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Uganda mangabey The Uganda mangabey ("Lophocebus ugandae") is a species of Old World monkey found only in Uganda. This crested mangabey was previously thought to be just be a population of the grey-cheeked mangabey ("L. albigena"). Colin Groves upgraded the Ugandan population to the new species "L. ugandae" on February 16, 2007. This species is significantly smaller than the grey-cheeked mangabey, with a shorter skull and smaller face.
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Siamang The siamang ("Symphalangus syndactylus") is an arboreal black-furred gibbon native to the forests of Malaysia, Thailand, and Sumatra. The largest of the gibbons, the siamang can be twice the size of other gibbons, reaching 1 m in height, and weighing up to 14 kg. The siamang is the only species in the genus Symphalangus.
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Baja California leopard lizard The Baja California leopard lizard ("Gambelia copeii" ) is a species of lizard.
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Kano mole The Kano mole ("Mogera kanoana") is a species of mole native to Taiwan. The specific name "kanoana" is derived from Tadao Kano, a Japanese naturalist who made the first record of these animals in 1940s.
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Philippine pangolin The Philippine pangolin or Palawan pangolin, also known as the balintong ("Manis culionensis"), is a pangolin species endemic to the Palawan province of the Philippines. Its habitat includes primary and secondary forests, as well as surrounding grasslands. This species is moderately common within its limited range, but is at risk due to heavy hunting because of its valued scales and meat. This species is distinguished from the closely related Sunda pangolin by its smaller body-to-tail ratio, smaller scales, and a shorter head.