What reusable contactless stored value smart card for making electronic payments in online or offline systems in Hong Kong replaced the Common stored value ticket in 1997?
2f47c7e809df5e82b428a97f25255231
Common stored value ticket A common stored value ticket was a plastic magnetically sensitive card used for paying fares on the MTR and KCR railway systems in Hong Kong from 1984 to 1999. It was also used on Citybus and Kowloon Motor Bus for some MTR and KCR feeder bus services. The system was replaced by the Octopus card system in 1997 and phased out on 2 January 1999. The MTR and KCR have continued to issue magnetic strip cards for single-journey and souvenir tickets.
90159c57062d1828a655d5d992d7116a
Octopus card The Octopus card () is a reusable contactless stored value smart card for making electronic payments in online or offline systems in Hong Kong. Launched in September 1997 to collect fares for the territory's mass transit system, the Octopus card system is the second contactless smart card system in the world, after the Korean Upass, and has since grown into a widely used payment system for all public transport in Hong Kong, leading to the development of Oyster Card in London.
7d23953572b5e8aa43006e69b02f7c8e
OKICA OKICA (Japanese: オキカ "Okika")("Okinawa IC Card") is a contactless transportation card used in Okinawa's public transportation system.
eaa894f91e774ca597c3cdd11ef9ba00
Macau Pass The Macau Pass (formerly the Transmac IC Card) is a contactless smartcard, first introduced by Transmac in 1999, that can be used to pay for bus fares, shop, and dine with many more merchants to join the system.
dda7942fc3c003cdff7be95471445bf4
National Common Mobility Card National Common Mobility Card or NCMC is an interoperable transport card conceived by the Ministry of Urban Development of the government of India. The Urban Development Ministry brought in the National Payments Corporation of India with the task of management, clearing and settlement of payments, simulating cards and terminals and maintenance of network. C-DAC is given the responsibility of developing standards and hardware for the card usage and the related ecosystems. NPCI is set to launch the NCMC by the end of the year 2016.
2a19d845819773771c98d4dfd89f826d
Opal card Opal is a contactless smartcard ticketing system for public transport services in the greater Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia. Operation of the Opal system is managed by the New South Wales Government's transport authority, Transport for NSW. First launched in late 2012, the Opal is valid for Transport for NSW's bus, rail, light rail and ferry services that operate in Sydney and the neighbouring Central Coast, Hunter Region, Blue Mountains and Illawarra areas. It is also accepted on train services in the Southern Highlands. Opal equipment was designed from the start to support a variety of cards, but launched with the captive Opal cards.
d62c19c25ae11018da59e787a850854c
Cash-in-transit Cash-in-transit (CIT) or Cash/valuables-in-transit (CVIT) is the physical transfer of banknotes, coins, credit cards and items of value from one location to another. The locations include cash centers and bank branches, ATM points, large retailers and other premises holding large amounts of cash such as ticket vending machines and parking meters.
10321f8863a7f8b821fe40681d67547c
SmarTrip SmarTrip is a contact-less stored-value smart card payment system managed by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) uses a compatible payment system called CharmCard. A reciprocity agreement between the MTA and WMATA allows either card to be used for travel on any of the participating transit systems in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Unlike traditional paper farecards or bus passes, SmarTrip/CharmCard is designed to be permanent and reloadable. For the rest of this article, "SmarTrip" will refer to both unless there is a specific difference between the two.
7129b3747b6c83a0ac28edd64b3faf26
Contactless smartcards on the railways of Great Britain Contactless smartcards on the railways of Great Britain
037b55ff2d535dff999484c335495a7c
Passca pass-ca (パスカ , pasuka ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport in Toyama, Japan, introduced by Toyama Light Rail, from April 29, 2006. The card is accepted by Toyamakō Line, the only line the company operates. Just like JR East's Suica or JR West's ICOCA, the card uses RFID technology developed by Sony corporation known as FeliCa. However, pass-ca has no known plan to have integrated services with those other cards.
72822819854bcb6cdbb21ff1042557a4
Octopus Cards Limited Octopus Cards Limited () is the operator of the Octopus rechargeable contactless smart card used in an electronic payment system in Hong Kong.
a2180f50a93b4dba14497ff103b0e2c0
Phase-change Dual Phase-Change Dual (PD) is a rewritable optical disc format introduced by Panasonic in 1995. Much like CD-RW, PD uses a phase change layer that can be overwritten in a single pass of the read/write head. A PD disc has a capacity of 650 MB, can be rewritten 500,000 times and is enclosed in a protective cartridge. PD discs are compatible with PD drives and first generation Panasonic DVD-RAM drives while PD drives can read and write PD discs as well as read CD-ROMs.
b299cebc7b50d7031dfcd52e887212b8
Advanced Card Systems Holdings Advanced Card Systems Ltd (ACS) is a Hong Kong-based company founded by Denny Wong in 1995. It is a fully owned subsidiary of Advanced Card Systems Holdings Ltd., a publicly listed company on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. ACS develops smart cards, smart card readers and related products, and distributes them to over one hundred countries. It was ranked by Frost & Sullivan as one of the world's top 3 suppliers and Asia Pacific's top supplier of PC-linked Smart Card Readers. In 2010, 2014, and 2015, it was listed among "Forbes Asia"' s "Best Under a Billion", a prestigious list of 200 top-performing companies with sales between US$5 million and US$1 billion, selected from publicly listed enterprises in Asia Pacific.
14b5ba7beeaaba6dfcf6fbcfe5d14050
Visa Electron Visa Electron is a debit card available across most of the world, with the exception of Canada, Australia, Ireland and the United States . The card was introduced by Visa in 1985 and is a sister card to the Visa Debit card. The difference between Visa Electron and Visa Debit is that payments with Visa Electron require that all the funds be available at the time of transfer, i.e., Visa Electron card accounts may not normally be overdrawn. Visa Debit cards, on the other hand, typically allow transfers exceeding available funds up to a certain limit. Some online stores and all offline terminals (like on trains and aircraft) do not support Visa Electron because their systems cannot check for the availability of funds.
280ec4389a336d2a34eb8425a42542dc
Solo (debit card) Solo was a debit card in the United Kingdom introduced as a sister to the then existing Switch. Launched on 1 July 1997 by the Switch Card Scheme, it was designed for use on deposit accounts, as well as by customers who did not qualify for a Switch card (or, later, Maestro card) on current accounts such as teenagers. The Solo card scheme was decommissioned permanently on 31 March 2011.
18a34138fe4b6bf5f9369f789cce8cd6
Cheque Truncation System Cheque Truncation System (CTS) or Image-based Clearing System (ICS), in India, is a project of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), commencing in 2010, for faster clearing of cheques. CTS is based on a cheque truncation or online image-based cheque clearing system where cheque images and magnetic ink character recognition
dd7881089c8bb4825d7f914cbec45227
Nintendo game card A Nintendo game card (trademarked as Game Card) is a cartridge format used to physically distribute video games for certain Nintendo systems. The game cards resemble smaller, thinner versions of the Game Pak cartridges for previous portable gaming consoles released by Nintendo, such as the Game Boy or Game Boy Advance. The mask ROM chips are manufactured by Macronix and have an access speed of 150 ns. The cards contain flash memory, including game data, and a writable portion for saving user data for Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS titles.
c5440811580dd1096e0c613fbfe553fb
Navigo pass The Navigo pass or Passe Navigo is a means of payment for public transportation introduced in the Île-de-France region (whose capital is the city of Paris) in 2001. It is implemented as a contactless smart card using the Calypso standard, and enables authenticated access at turnstiles by passing the card near an electronic reader.
cc4c527d11dd23d6816c2de7a5799bd2
IruCa IruCa (イルカ , Iruka ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport introduced by Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) in Takamatsu, Japan from February 2, 2005. The name comes from "IC" and "iruka" (dolphin), the latter being the mascot character of the company. Just like JR East's Suica or JR West's ICOCA, the card uses RFID technology developed by Sony corporation known as FeliCa. As of July 2006, 77,000 cards are issued.
fe35ad99768e47b57767d275e54bc6d9
Connexions Card The Connexions Card was a smart card for 16- to 19-year-olds in England for rewarding students who turned up to lessons, work-based training and other activities with points that could be redeemed for discounts on consumer goods listed on the Connexions website, bus journeys or suitable goods in local retailers.
92720cd05e9ae0c29c6bad1cf44e4125
Softcard JVL Ventures, LLC d/b/a Softcard formerly Isis Mobile Wallet, was a joint venture between AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon which produced a mobile payments platform known as "Softcard", which used near-field communication (NFC) technology to allow users to pay for items at stores and restaurants with credit and debit card credentials stored on their smartphones. The partnership was first announced on November 16, 2010; following a trial period in 2012, the service officially launched nationwide on November 14, 2013. The official Softcard app was available for NFC-compatible smartphones using the Android operating system and later on Windows Phone 8.1.
f46b7167252384cae65fb8c4f4846f47
India Stack India Stack refers to the ambitious and controversial project of creating a unified software platform to bring India's population into the digital age. Its website describes its mission thus: "India Stack is a set of APIs that allows governments, businesses, startups and developers to utilize an unique digital Infrastructure to solve India’s hard problems towards presence-less, paperless, and cashless service delivery" Of the four "distinct technology layers" mentioned on the same page, the first, the "Presenceless Layer" is the most controversial as it involves storing biometric data such as fingerprints for every citizen. Since such markers are widely being adopted to enable cashless payment, the issue arises of fraudulent use of biometrics. Whereas one can change a PIN which has been disclosed, one can't change one's fingerprints. The other layers are the Paperless Layer, which enables personal records to be associated with one's online identity; the Cashless Layer, a single interface to all national banks and online wallets; and the Consent Layer, which aims to maintain security and control of personal data.