Laure Diebold, awarded the title of Compagnon de la Libération,was a member of which movement that fought the Nazi occupation of France during the Second World War?
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Laure Diebold Laure Diebold, sometimes written Laure Diebolt (10 January 1915 – 17 October 1965) was a high-profile female member of the French Resistance during World War II. She was also the private secretary of Jean Moulin before being arrested then deported from 1943 to 1945 to the Nazi camp of Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and finally Buchenwald. Moreover, she is one of only six female resistants to be awarded the title Compagnon de la Libération.
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French Resistance The French Resistance (French: "La Résistance" ) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War. Résistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas), who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines. The men and women of the Résistance came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés; academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics (including priests) and also citizens from the ranks of liberals, anarchists and communists.
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German occupation of Belgium during World War II The German occupation of Belgium (French: "Occupation allemande" , Dutch: "Duitse bezetting" ) during World War II began on 28 May 1940 when the Belgian army surrendered to German forces and lasted until Belgium's liberation by the Western Allies between September 1944 and February 1945. It was the second time that Germany had occupied Belgium in under thirty years.
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Service d'ordre légionnaire The Service d'ordre légionnaire (SOL, "Legionary Order Service") was a collaborationist militia created by Joseph Darnand, a far right veteran from the First World War. Too radical even for other supporters of the Vichy regime, it was granted its independence in January 1943, after Operation Torch and the German occupation of the South Zone, until then dubbed "Free Zone" and controlled by Vichy. Pierre Laval himself (supported by Marshal Philippe Pétain) passed the law which accorded the SOL its independence and transformed it into the "Milice", which participated in battles alongside the Nazis against the Resistance and committed numerous war crimes against civilians. After the Liberation, some members of the Milice escaped to Germany, where they joined the ranks of the SS. Those who stayed behind in France faced either drumhead courts-martial, generally followed by summary execution, or simple lynching at the hands of "résistants" and enraged civilians.
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Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France) The Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (War Cross 1939–1945) is a French military decoration, a version of the "Croix de guerre" created on September 26, 1939, to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis forces at any time during World War II.
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Ambroise-Marie Carré Ambroise-Marie Carré OP (25 July 190815 January 2004) was a Catholic priest, author and member of the Académie française. Born in Fleury-les-Aubrais in Loiret, France, Carré studied at l’école Saint-Joseph and the collège Sainte-Croix de Neuilly before entering the Dominican order in 1926 and being ordained a priest in 1933. Not long thereafter, he was to edit, from 1936 until 1939, the "Revue des Jeunes". Under the German Occupation, following the capitulation of the French government to the Nazis during the Second World War, Carré aided those persecuted by the Vichy government, regardless of their religion or ethnicity; for this, he was awarded the "Légion d'honneur" and the "Croix de guerre".
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Walloon Legion The Walloon Legion (French: "Légion Wallonie" ) was a collaborationist volunteer unit recruited from Belgium's French-speaking population in Wallonia and Brussels during the German occupation of World War II. The Walloon Legion served in the Wehrmacht, later in the Waffen-SS, on the Eastern Front on both front line and reserve duties.
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Georges Blind Georges Blind (1904 – October 1944) was a French man who was a member of the French resistance during World War II.
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1942 Luxembourgish general strike The Luxembourgish general strike of 1942 was a manifestation of passive resistance when Luxembourg was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II. The strikes opposed a directive that conscripted young Luxembourgers into the "Wehrmacht". A nationwide general strike, originating in Wiltz, paralysed the country and led to the occupying German authorities responding violently by sentencing 21 strikers to death.
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Free Belgian forces The Free Belgian forces (French: "Forces belges libres" , Dutch: "Vrije Belgische Strijdkrachten" ) were soldiers from Belgium and its colonies who fought as part of the Allied armies during World War II, after the official Belgian surrender to Nazi Germany. It is distinct from the Belgian Resistance which existed in German-occupied Belgium.
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Chant des Partisans The Chant des Partisans was the most popular song of the Free French and French Resistance during World War II.
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Heinz Drossel Heinz Drossel (21 September 1916 – 28 April 2008) was a German lieutenant in World War II who was named one of the Righteous Among the Nations, shared with his parents, for helping Jews escape persecution. He was the son of Paul and Elfriede Drossel, anti-Nazis and shared their political philosophy, refusing to join the Nazi Party. Drafted in November 1939, Drossel served in the Battle of France before serving on the Eastern Front for the rest of the war.
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Henri Guilbeaux Henri Guilbeaux (1885–1938) was a French socialist politician. Active in the Zimmerwald Anti-War Movement during World War I. He was a prominent figure of a group of intellectuals who fought in Geneva against the war; friend of Stefan Zweig, whose poems he translated in French. Zweig nonetheless criticizes him in "Die Welt von Gestern," saying that he "was not a gifted person" and that "I must frankly denominate his literary ability as inconsiderable. His command of language was not more than average; his education was not profound. His entire power lay in controversy." He published a magazine, "Demain", that became a point of reference for all who were against the war. Among the other, on those pages wrote Lenin, Trotsky and Lunacharsky. Because of his political credo and his strong personality, he was judged by default in France and sentenced to death. He could escape in Russia, with the help of Lenin. Became a Communist and was active in the Comintern. Supporter of Trotsky. Pardoned by the French justice, he died, almost forgotten, in Paris.
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Ivorian Liberation Movement Ivorian Liberation Movement (in French: "Mouvement Ivorien de Libération") was an Ivorian opposition group, founded in Paris in 1959.
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Malgré-nous The term Malgré-nous (French: "“against our will”" ) refers to men of the Alsace-Moselle region who were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht or in the Waffen-SS, during the Second World War.
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Battle of Belgium The Battle of Belgium or Belgian Campaign, often referred to within Belgium as the 18 Days' Campaign (French: "Campagne des 18 jours" , Dutch: "Achttiendaagse Veldtocht" ), formed part of the greater Battle of France, an offensive campaign by Germany during the Second World War. It took place over 18 days in May 1940 and ended with the German occupation of Belgium following the surrender of the Belgian Army.
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Gabriel Péri Gabriel Péri (Peri) (February 9, 1902—December 15, 1941) was a prominent French Communist journalist and politician, and member of the French Resistance. He was executed by Nazi-occupied France during World War II.
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Roger de Saivre Roger de Saivre (1908-1964) was a French politician. A supporter of the Révolution nationale, he served as co-Cabinet Secretary to Marshal Philippe Pétain from 1941 to 1942. He was deported to the Dachau concentration camp for his vocal criticisms of the Nazi invaders in 1943. After liberation in 1945, he served as a member of the National Assembly, from 1951 to 1955 representing French Algeria. He was a proponent of the French Empire.
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Groupe G The General Sabotage Group of Belgium (French: "Groupe Général de Sabotage de Belgique" ), more commonly known as Groupe G, was a Belgian resistance group during the Second World War, founded in 1942. Groupe G's activities concentrated particularly on sabotage of German rail lines and it is widely considered to have been the most effective resistance group in Belgium during the period.
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Combat (French Resistance) Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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Groupe du musée de l'Homme The Groupe du musée de l'Homme (French: Group of the Museum of Man) was a movement in the French resistance to the German occupation during the Second World War.
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Paul Hoornaert Paul Hoornaert (5 November 1888 – 2 February 1944) was a Belgian far right political activist. Although a pioneer of fascism in the country he was an opponent of German Nazism and, after joining the Belgian Resistance during the German occupation, died in Nazi custody.