Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, was a Welsh King, following the 1063 invasion of Wales by Harold and Tostig Godwinson, he was an Anglo-Saxon Earl of which location, that overthrew Gruffydd, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn jointly?
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Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (c. 1020 – c. 1069 ) was a Welsh King. the son of Cynfyn ap Gwerstan and brother of King Bleddyn of Powys. Through his mother Angharad, he was half-brother to King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn as well. Following the 1063 invasion of Wales by Harold and Tostig Godwinson that overthrew Gruffydd, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn jointly received Powys and Gwynedd on condition of faithfully serving Edward the Confessor "everywhere by water and by land".
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Tostig Godwinson Tostig Godwinson ( 1026 – 25 September 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon Earl of Northumbria and brother of King Harold Godwinson. After being exiled by his brother, Tostig supported the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada's invasion of England, and was killed at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
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Hamelin de Ballon Hamelin de Ballon (or Baalun, Baalan, Balun, Balodun, Balon, etc.), alias Hamelin de Barham (b ca. 1060, died 5 March 1105/6, or earlier 1090, per the Battle Abbey Roll) was an early Norman Baron and the first Baron Abergavenny and Lord of Over Gwent and Abergavenny, titles granted shortly after the Norman conquest of England and Wales by William the Conqueror; he also served William Rufus.
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Colbrand (giant) Colbrand (also written "Colbron") was a legendary giant from English folklore, supposedly defeated by Guy of Warwick, a legendary English hero of Romance popular in England and France from the 13th to 17th centuries. The story of Sir Guy is considered by scholars to be part of the Matter of England. According to the story, Guy returned to England after some years of absence to deliver Winchester for Athelstan of England from the invading northern kings, Anelaph (Anlaf or Olaf) and Gonelaph, by slaying in single combat their champion, the Danish giant Colbrand.
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Battle of Hingston Down The Battle of Hingston Down took place in 838 at Hingston Down in Cornwall between a combined force of Cornish and Vikings on the one side, and West Saxons led by Egbert, King of Wessex on the other. It resulted in a West Saxon victory.
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Trahern Trahern (Welsh: "Trahaearn" ) is a legendary King of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's fictional "Historia Regum Britanniae".
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Osulf I of Bamburgh Osulf (fl. 946—54) was high-reeve of Bamburgh and ruler of Northumbria. Sometimes called "earl", he is more surely the first recorded high-reeve of Bamburgh and the man who, after assisting in the death of its last independent ruler Erik Bloodaxe, administered the York-based Kingdom of Northumbria when it was taken over by the Wessex-based King Eadred of England in 954.
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Godric of Mappestone Godric of Mappestone was an Anglo-Saxon "thane" and landowner mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as a tenant of Howel in modern Herefordshire. Godric is best known for the construction of the first timber version of Goodrich Castle, probably during the late 1080s, when it was originally known as "Castellum Godrici", or "the castle of Godric". Victorian historians, however, believed the castle to date back further to the pre-Norman conquest days of King Canute, and the site may have been among a small number of Saxon fortifications along the Welsh border.
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Gruffudd ap Cynan Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055 – 1137), sometimes written as Gruffydd ap Cynan, was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137. In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule, and was remembered as King of all Wales. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr, Gruffudd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely House of Aberffraw.
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Mynyddog Mwynfawr Mynyddog Mwynfawr (variant orthographies include: Old Welsh "Mynydawc Mwynvawr"; Middle Welsh; "Mynyddawg Mwynfawr") was, according to Welsh tradition founded on the early Welsh language poem "Y Gododdin" (attributed to Aneirin), a Brittonic ruler of the kingdom of Gododdin in the Hen Ogledd (southern Scotland).
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King of Wales King of Wales was a very rarely used title, because Wales, much like Ireland, never achieved a degree of political unity, like that of England or Scotland during the Middle Ages. While many different leaders in Wales claimed the title of 'King of Wales', the country was only truly united once: under the rule of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063.
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Arthen ap Seisyll Arthen son of Seisyll (Welsh: "Arthen" or "Arthgen ap Seisyll"; died c. 807) was a king of Ceredigion in Wales of the Early Middle Ages. His father was Seisyll ap Clydog.
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Ruabon Ruabon (Welsh: "Rhiwabon" ] ) is a village and community in the county borough of Wrexham in Wales. The name "Rhiwabon" comes from "Rhiw Fabon", "Rhiw" being the Welsh word for "hill" and "Fabon" being a mutation from St Mabon, the original church name, of earlier, Celtic origin (see Mabon)." An older English spelling, Rhuabon, can sometimes be seen.
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History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages The history of Gwynedd in the High Middle Ages is a period in the History of Wales spanning the 11th through the 13th centuries. Gwynedd, located in the north of Wales, eventually became the most dominant of Welsh principalities during this period. Distinctive achievements in Gwynedd include further development of Medieval Welsh literature, particularly poets known as the "Beirdd y Tywysogion" (Welsh for "Poets of the Princes") associated with the court of Gwynedd; the reformation of bardic schools; and the continued development of "Cyfraith Hywel" ("The Law of Hywel", or "Welsh law"). All three of these further contributed to the development of a Welsh national identity in the face of Anglo-Norman .
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Enniaunus Enniaunus ("Welsh:" "Einion mab Arthal") was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Archgallo and brother of Marganus II. According to Geoffrey, he ruled poorly and harshly causing him to be deposed due to tyranny. He was replaced with his cousin, Idvallo.
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Robert of Rhuddlan Robert of Rhuddlan (died 3 July 1093) was a Norman adventurer who became lord of much of north-east Wales and for a period lord of all North Wales.
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Battle of Stamford Bridge The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England on 25 September 1066, between an English army under King Harold Godwinson and an invading Norwegian force led by King Harald Hardrada and the English king's brother Tostig Godwinson. After a bloody battle, both Hardrada and Tostig along with most of the Norwegians were killed. Although Harold Godwinson repelled the Norwegian invaders, his army was defeated by the Normans at Hastings less than three weeks later. The battle has traditionally been presented as symbolising the end of the Viking Age, although major Scandinavian campaigns in Britain and Ireland occurred in the following decades, such as those of King Sweyn Estrithson of Denmark in 1069–1070 and King Magnus Barefoot of Norway in 1098 and 1102–1103.
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Olaf Guthfrithson Olaf Guthfrithson (Old Norse: "Óláfr Guðrøðsson" ; ; Old Irish: "Amlaíb mac Gofraid" ; died 941) was a Viking leader who ruled Dublin and Viking Northumbria in the 10th century. He was the son of Gofraid ua Ímair and great-grandson of Ímar, making him one of the Uí Ímair. Olaf succeeded his father as King of Dublin in 934 and succeeded in establishing dominance over the Vikings of Limerick when he captured their king, Amlaíb Cenncairech, in 937. That same year he allied with Constantine II of Scotland in an attempt to reclaim the Kingdom of Northumbria which his father had ruled briefly in 927. The forces of Olaf and Constantine were defeated by the English led by Æthelstan at the Battle of Brunanburh.
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Llefelys Llefelys (Middle Welsh orthography "Llevelys", "Lleuelys", "Llefelis") is a character in Welsh mythology appearing in the medieval Welsh tale "Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys". In the tale, Llefelys is king of France while his brother Lludd is king of Britain. The tale appears in the Red Book of Hergest and the White Book of Rhydderch, the source texts for the "Mabinogion", and embedded into various versions of the "Brut y Brenhinedd", the Welsh adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae".
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Eadulf Rus Eadulf Rus (fl. 1080) was an 11th-century Northumbrian noble. He was either the son or grandson of Gospatric (son of Uhtred the Bold), possibly the man who soon after Christmas 1064 was allegedly killed on behalf of Tostig, Earl of Northumbria. This murder by Tostig led to a great northern revolt against Edward the Confessor, a revolt that turned both King Edward and Harold Godwinson against Tostig and led to the appointment of the Mercian, Morcar, as Earl of northern England.
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Cinuit of Alt Clut Cinuit (Welsh: "Cynwyd" ) may have been an early ruler of the Brittonic kingdom of Alt Clut, later known as Strathclyde, in Britain's "Hen Ogledd" or "Old North". The Harleian genealogies indicate that he was the son of Ceretic Guletic, who may be identified with the warlord "Ceredig" rebuked by Saint Patrick in one of his letters. According to the same pedigrees, he was the father of Dumnagual Hen, an important but obscure ancestor figure in Welsh tradition. The later genealogy "Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd" replaces Cinuit as Dumnagual's father with a certain Idnyuet, said to be the son of Maxen Wledic (the Roman usurper Magnus Maximus). However, the "Bonedd" does include a "Cynwyd Cynwydion" in the ancestry of Clydno Eiddyn, and a Triad attached to the text mentions the "three hundred swords of the (tribe of) Cynwydion" as one of three formidable north British war bands, along with those of Coel Hen and Cynfarch.
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Heremod Heremod (Proto-Norse: *"Harimōdaz" , Latin form: Heremodius) is a legendary Danish king and a legendary king of the Angles who would have lived in the 2nd century and known through a short account of his exile in the Old English poem "Beowulf" and from appearances in some genealogies as the father of Scyld. He may be the same as one of the personages named Hermóðr in Old Norse sources. Heremod may also be identical to Lother (Latin Lotherus) in Saxo Grammaticus' "Gesta Danorum" (Book 1) or the same history may have been applied to two originally separate figures.