Which was launched first, the Swedish satellite Odin or the Herschel Space Observatory?
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Herschel Space Observatory The Herschel Space Observatory was a space observatory built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was active from 2009 to 2013, and was the largest infrared telescope ever launched, carrying a 3.5 m mirror and instruments sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre wavebands (55–672 µm). "Herschel" was the fourth and final cornerstone mission in the Horizon 2000 programme, following "SOHO"/"Cluster II", "XMM-Newton" and "Rosetta". NASA is a partner in the "Herschel" mission, with US participants contributing to the mission; providing mission-enabling instrument technology and sponsoring the NASA Herschel Science Center (NHSC) at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center and the Herschel Data Search at the Infrared Science Archive.
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Odin (satellite) Odin is a Swedish satellite working in two disciplines: astrophysics and aeronomy, and it was named after Odin of Norse mythology. Within the field of astrophysics, Odin was used until the spring of 2007 aiding in the study of star formation. Odin is still used for aeronomical observations, including exploration of the depletion of the ozone layer and effects of global warming. In February 2016 it celebrated 15 years in Earth orbit, and was still functioning nominally.
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Herschel (Mimantean crater) Herschel is a huge crater in the leading hemisphere of the Saturnian moon Mimas, on the equator at 100° longitude. It is named after the eighteenth century astronomer William Herschel, who discovered Mimas in 1789.
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MetOp MetOp is a series of three polar orbiting meteorological satellites developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The satellites form the space segment component of the overall EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), which in turn is the European half of the EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS). The satellites carry a payload comprising 11 scientific instruments and two which support Search and Rescue services. In order to provide data continuity between MetOp and NOAA Polar Operational Satellites (POES), several instruments are carried on both fleets of satellites.
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Troll Satellite Station Troll Satellite Station (Norwegian: "Troll satelittstasjon" ), commonly abbreviated TrollSat, is a satellite ground station located at Troll in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The earth station is owned by Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT), a joint venture between the Kongsberg Group and the Norwegian Space Center. The radomes are located on top of Jutulsessen, a nunatak area next to the research station at Troll. The research station is operated by the Norwegian Polar Institute, which also maintains the earth station. TrollSat started operations on 1 March 2007 and was officially opened on 20 January 2008.
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Orbiting Carbon Observatory The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) is a NASA satellite mission intended to provide global space-based observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO). The original spacecraft was lost in a launch failure on 24 February 2009, when the payload fairing of the Taurus rocket which was carrying it failed to separate during ascent. The added mass of the fairing prevented the satellite from reaching orbit. It subsequently re-entered the atmosphere and crashed into the Indian Ocean near Antarctica. The replacement satellite, Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2, was launched 2 July 2014 aboard a Delta II rocket. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3, a stand-alone payload built from the spare OCO-2 flight instrument, will be installed on the International Space Station's Kibō Exposed Facility in December 2016.
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Kosmos 1701 Kosmos 1701 (Russian: Космос 1701 meaning "Cosmos 1701") is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1985 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.
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Kosmos 1367 Kosmos 1367 (Russian: Космос 1367 meaning "Cosmos 1367") was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1982 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.
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EROSITA eROSITA is an X-ray telescope built by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) in Germany for launch by Roscosmos of Russia, effectively replacing the ROSAT telescope when it reaches its orbit after launch in 2018 on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (Spektr-RG / SRG), which also carries the Russian telescope "ART-XC".
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HMS Odin Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS "Odin" after the god Odin in Norse mythology. A sixth was ordered, but later cancelled:
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Kosmos 775 Kosmos 775 (Russian: "Космос 775" meaning "Cosmos 775") is a Soviet US-KS missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1975 as part of the Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.
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Heweliusz (satellite) Heweliusz is the second Polish scientific satellite launched in 2014 as part of the Bright-star Target Explorer (BRITE) programme. The spacecraft was launched aboard a Chang Zheng 4B rocket in August 2014. Heweliusz is an optical astronomy spacecraft built by the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences and operated by Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika PAN; it is one of two Polish contributions to the BRITE constellation along with the Lem satellite. It is named after Johannes Hevelius.
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Sentinel-1 Sentinel-1 is a space mission funded by the European Union and carried out by the ESA within the Copernicus Programme, consisting of a constellation of two satellites.
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Small Astronomy Satellite 3 The Small Astronomy Satellite 3 (SAS 3, also known as SAS-C before launch) was a NASA X-ray astronomy space telescope. It functioned from May 7, 1975 to April 1979. It covered the X-ray range with four experiments on board. The satellite, built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), was proposed and operated by MIT's Center for Space Research (CSR). It was launched on a Scout vehicle from the Italian San Marco launch platform near Mombasa, Kenya, into a low-Earth, nearly equatorial orbit. It was also known as Explorer 53, as part of NASA's Explorer program.
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Swedish Solar Telescope The Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (or SST) is a refracting solar telescope at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma in the Canary Islands. It is run by the Institute for Solar Physics of Stockholm University. The primary element is a single fused silica lens, making it the second largest optical refracting telescope in use in the world. The 110-cm lens has a clear aperture diameter of 98 cm. The SST is most often used as a Schupmann telescope, thereby correcting the chromatic aberrations of the singlet primary.
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Nimbus program The Nimbus satellites were second-generation U.S. robotic spacecraft used for meteorological research and development. The spacecraft were designed to serve as stabilized, Earth-oriented platforms for the testing of advanced systems to sense and collect atmospheric science data. Seven Nimbus spacecraft have been launched into near-polar, sun-synchronous orbits beginning with Nimbus 1 on August 28, 1964. On board the Nimbus satellites are various instrumentation for imaging, sounding, and other studies in different spectral regions. The Nimbus satellites were launched aboard Thor-Agena rockets (Nimbus 1–4) and Delta rockets (Nimbus 5–7).
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Malcolm Fridlund Malcolm Carl Wilhelm Fridlund, born 1952, is a Swedish astronomer. He wrote his doctoral thesis 1987 in astronomy at Stockholm University and works since 1988 on ESA in Noordwijk in the Netherlands as scientific project manager. Since 1996 Malcolm Fridlund is the scientific manager of the Darwin project. From the spring of 2006 is he also ESA project manager for the international COROT-project.
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OSCAR 1 OSCAR I (aka OSCAR 1) is the first amateur radio satellite launched by Project OSCAR into Low Earth Orbit. OSCAR I was launched December 12, 1961 by a Thor-DM21 Agena B launcher from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California. The satellite, a rectangular box (30 x 25 x 12 cm) weighing 10 kg., was launched as a secondary payload (ballast) for Corona 9029, also known as Discoverer 36, the eighth and final launch of a KH-3 satellite.
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Institut de Ciències de l'Espai Institut de Ciències de l'Espai is a Spanish institution dedicated to investigations in the field of space physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. It attracted several internationally renowned scientists, such as Sergei Odintsov.
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XEUS XEUS (X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy) was a space observatory plan developed by the European Space Agency as a successor to the successful XMM-Newton X-ray satellite telescope. It was merged to the International X-ray Observatory around 2008, but as that project ran into issues in 2010, the ESA component was forked off into Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA).
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Kosmos 1894 Kosmos 1894 (Russian: "Космос 1894" meaning "Cosmos 1894") is a Soviet US-KS missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1987 as part of the Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.
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Kosmos 1661 Kosmos 1661 (Russian: Космос 1661 meaning "Cosmos 1661") is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1985 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.