José Menéndez Menéndez (1846–1918) was a Spanish businessman based in Argentina and which sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile?
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José María Menéndez Menéndez José Menéndez Menéndez (1846–1918) was a Spanish businessman based in Argentina and Chilean Patagonia. He was the initiator of large companies that remain to this day.
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Patagonia Patagonia (] ) is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains as well as the deserts, pampas and grasslands east of this southern portion of the Andes. Patagonia has two coasts: western facing the Pacific Ocean and eastern facing the Atlantic Ocean.
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Mapuche conflict Mapuche conflict is a collective name for the revival and reorganization of Mapuche communities for greater autonomy, recognition of rights and the recovery of land since the Chilean transition to democracy. The Mapuche conflict is a phenomenon mainly from Chile, but also from neighboring areas of Argentina. Demands revolve mainly around three themes: jurisdictional autonomy, return of ancestral lands and cultural identity. Historian Gonzalo Vial claims that a "historical debt" exists towards the Mapuche by the Republic of Chile, whereas the Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco aims at a national liberation of Mapuches.
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Aysén Region The XI Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region (Spanish: "Región de Aysén" ] "XI Región Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo "), often shortened to Aysén Region or Aisén, is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. Although the third largest in area, the region is Chile's most sparsely populated region with a population of 102,317 as of 2017. The capital of the region is Coihaique, the region's former namesake.
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Southern Quechua Southern Quechua (Spanish: "quechua sureño" ), or simply Quechua, is the most widely spoken of the major regional groupings of mutually intelligible dialects within the Quechua language family, with about 6.9 million speakers. It is also the most widely spoken indigenous language in the entire New World. The term "Southern Quechua" refers to the Quechuan varieties spoken in regions of the Andes south of a line roughly east-west between the cities of Huancayo and Huancavelica in central Peru. It includes the Quechua varieties spoken in the regions of Ayacucho, Cusco and Puno in Peru, in much of Bolivia and parts of north-west Argentina. The most widely spoken varieties are South Bolivian, Cusco, Ayacucho, and Puno (Collao).
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Basque Chileans Many Basques arrived in Chile in the 16th,17th,18th,19th and early 20th century from their homeland in northern Spain (see Basque Provinces) and parts of southwestern France, as conquistadors, soldiers, sailors, merchants, priests and labourers. Due to their traditional hard work and entrepreneurship, many of them rose to the top of the social scale and intermarried into the Chilean elites formed by Basques, giving birth to the new Basque-Chilean aristocracy in Chile. This union is the basis of the Chilean elite of today. But also, they immensely contributed to the ethnic make up of the bulk of the Chilean population.
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Ribes magellanicum Ribes magellanicum is a South American species of shrubs in the currant family, found in Patagonia (southern Chile and Argentina).
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Patria Vieja Patria Vieja (] , "Old Fatherland") refers to a time period in the History of Chile occurring between the First Junta of the Government (September 18, 1810) and the Disaster of Rancagua (October 1, 1814). In this period measures were taken for the imprisonment of Fernando VII by Napoleon and this started the governmental organization of the Kingdom of Chile.
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Qullasuyu Qullasuyu (Aymara: "Qullasuyu"    and Quechua, "qulla" south, "Qulla" a people, "suyu" region, part of a territory, each of the four regions which formed the Inca Empire, "southern region", Hispanicized spellings "Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu") was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided in areas such as Cochabamba and Potosí. Most Aymara territories which are now largely incorporated into the modern South American states of northern Chile, Argentina, Peru and Bolivia were annexed during the reign of Sapa Inca Huayna Cápac in the sixteenth century.
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Llanquihue glaciation The last glacial period and its associated glaciation is known in southern Chile as the Llanquihue glaciation (Spanish: "Glaciación de Llanquihue" ). Its type area lies west of Llanquihue Lake where various drifts or end moraine systems belonging to the last glacial period have been identified. The glaciation is the last episode of existence of the Patagonian Ice Sheet.
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Southern Basque Country The Southern Basque Country (Basque: "Hegoalde" or "Hego Euskal Herria" ; Spanish: "Hegoalde, País Vasco y Navarra" or "País Vasco peninsular" ) is a term used to refer to the Basque territories within Spain as a unified whole.
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Carbajal Valley The Carbajal Valley (Spanish: "Valle Carbajal" ) is located in the Fuegian Andes of southern Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina. The Carbajal valley is approximately 20 km long, running west ( ) to east ( ), between the Alvear mountain range to the north and the Vinciguerra range to the south. Andes peak heights in the region are generally less than 1250 m above sea level.
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Argentines of European descent European Argentines belong to several communities which trace their origins to various migrations from Europe, and which have contributed to the country's cultural and demographic variety. They are the descendants of colonists from Spain during the colonial period prior to 1810, or in the majority of cases, of Italians, Spanish and other Europeans who arrived in the great immigration wave from the mid 19th to the mid 20th centuries, and who largely intermarried among their many nationalities during and after this wave. No recent Argentine census has included comprehensive questions on ethnicity, although numerous studies have determined that European Argentinians have been a majority in the country since 1914.
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Punta Arenas Punta Arenas (or Sandy Point in English) is the capital city of Chile's southernmost region, Magallanes and Antartica Chilena. The city was officially renamed as Magallanes in 1927, but in 1938 it was changed back to "Punta Arenas". It is the largest city south of the 46th parallel south. As of 1977 Punta Arenas has been one of only two free ports in Chile. (Note that Punta Arenas itself is not a "free port", but rather outside of the city; there is a small "zona franca" where certain products can be imported into the country under a reduced-tax regimen.)
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Argentine Confederation The Argentine Confederation (Spanish: "Confederación Argentina") is one of the official names of Argentina according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35. It was the name of the country from 1831 to 1852, when the provinces were organized as a confederation without a head of state. The governor of Buenos Aires Province (Juan Manuel de Rosas during most of the period) managed foreign relations during this time. Under his rule, the Argentine Confederation resisted attacks by Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, France and the UK, as well other Argentine factions during the Argentine Civil Wars.
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Manuel Baigorria Manuel Baigorria (1809–1875) was a soldier who fought in the Argentine Civil Wars. Of mixed origins, he spent many years living with the Ranqueles, an independent people who lived to the south of the area colonized by Europeans in what is now Argentina. He was recognized as a leader by the Ranqueles,
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Pampa de Achala Pampa de Achala is the name given to a vast region that lies at the heart of the Sierras de Córdoba located within Sierras Pampeanas, and located in central-northwest of Argentina.
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Hungarians in Chile Hungarians in Chile include immigrants from Hungary to Chile and their descendants. In South America, more Hungarians settled in Argentina and Brazil. However, Chile was a major point of passage for Hungarians to North America (the United States) and Australia. Most Hungarian immigrants to Australia from South America during the first half of the 20th century came via Chile. There is no clear record of the number of people of Hungarian descent living in the country.
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History of the Jews in Uruguay The history of the Jews in Uruguay (Spanish: "judeouruguayos" ) dates back to the colonial empire. Perhaps the most important influx of Jewish population was during the 20th century, due to World War I and World War II. Uruguay's Jewish community is mainly composed of Ashkenazi. Uruguay is home to the fourth largest Jewish community in South America after Argentina, Brazil and Chile respectively.
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Valdivia Province Valdivia Province (Spanish: "Provincia de Valdivia" ; ] ) is one of two provinces of the southern Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The provincial capital is Valdivia. Located in the province are two important rivers, the Calle-Calle / Valdivia River and the Cruces River.It is part of Northern Patagonia and its wild virgin forest embrace the Patagonian Cordillera following the river Calle Calle down to the Pacific Ocean. It is known in Patagonia the term "Bosque Valdiviano" referring to the primitive forest of Valdivia with its native trees. These forests are present in some parts of Northern Patagonia, both in Chile and Argentina.
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Greek Argentines Greek Argentines (Greek: Ελληνοαργεντινοί ; Spanish: "Greco-argentinos" ) are Argentine citizens of Greek descent or Greek-born people who reside in Argentina. Despite not being as large as other European communities, the Greeks have contributed a lot to their new country. The first immigrants arrived at the end of the 18th century, while the bulk of immigration occurred during the first half of the 20th century. Included are Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians, who became adjusted to Argentine society because of the linguistic similarities between Romanian and Spanish, as well as Latin identity of Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians.
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Andean Railway The Andean Railway (native name: Ferrocarril Andino) was a state-owned railway company in Argentina which, towards the end of the 19th century, built and operated a line connecting Villa María in Córdoba Province with the cities of Mendoza, San Luis and San Juan. The network was later sold to a number of British-owned railway companies.