Justland cattle are a what used in both dairy and beef production, and have a pattern of pigmented spots on an unpigmented background of hair, feathers or scales
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Jutland cattle Jutland cattle are a rare Danish breed of cattle used in both dairy and beef production. Bred from the indigenous cattle of Jutland the breed could be light grey, dark grey or black pied with upward curving horns. The first herdbook published in 1881 had a small dairy type and a larger beef type. The dairy cows were small, averaging 120 cm high and weighing 350 kg, producing between 800 and 1000 kg of milk per lactation.
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Piebald A piebald or pied animal is one that has a pattern of pigmented spots on an unpigmented (white) background of hair, feathers or scales. The spots are pigmented in shades of black and/or yellow as determined by the genotype controlling the color of the animal. The animal's skin underneath its coat may or may not be pigmented under the spots but the skin in the white background is not pigmented.
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Barn A barn is an agricultural building usually on farms and used for various purposes. In the North American area, a barn refers to structures that house livestock, including cattle and horses, as well as equipment and fodder, and often grain. As a result, the term barn is often qualified e.g. tobacco barn, dairy barn, sheep barn, potato barn. In the British Isles, the term barn is restricted mainly to storage structures for unthreshed cereals and fodder, the terms byre or shippon being applied to cow shelters, whereas horses are kept in buildings known as stables. On the Continent, however, barns were often part of integrated structures known as byre-dwellings (or housebarns in US literature). In addition, barns may be used for equipment storage, as a covered workplace, and for activities such as threshing.
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African buffalo The African buffalo or Cape buffalo ("Syncerus caffer") is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild water buffalo of Asia and its ancestry remains unclear. "Syncerus caffer caffer", the Cape buffalo, is the typical subspecies, and the largest one, found in South and East Africa. "S. c. nanus" (African forest buffalo) is the smallest subspecies, common in forest areas of Central and West Africa, while "S. c. brachyceros" is in West Africa and "S. c. aequinoctialis" is in the savannas of East Africa. The adult buffalo's horns are its characteristic feature; they have fused bases, forming a continuous bone shield across the top of the head referred to as a "boss". They are widely regarded as very dangerous animals, as they gore and kill over 200 people every year.
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Madura cattle Madura cattle are a stable, inbred hybrid of Zebu and Banteng (Bos javanicus). They originated on the island of Madura near northeastern Java, where the original cattle population was Banteng, very similar to Bali cattle. Sinhala cattle, a Zebu breed from Sri Lanka, were introduced more than 1500 years ago, and the cross was found to be better than either of the original breeds. Some sources say the Zebu component was Ongole Cattle from India. The colouration is reddish brown with non-specific white patterning on the back and rump. They are a small breed, bulls having a mature weight of 250 to 300 kg, used for racing and are sometimes called dancing cattle. In 2002 the population was estimated by the FAO at 900,000. Efforts are being made to conserve the breed on Sapudi island
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Dhanni (cattle) Dhanni is a cattle breed originating in Punjab province of Pakistan mainly in Attock, Chakwal, Rawalpindi, and Jhelum. It is used for dairy, meat, and draught (including ploughing)
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Montbéliarde Montbéliarde cattle are a red and white pied cattle breed from the Montbéliard region of France, used mainly for dairying and particularly for cheesemaking.
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Zebu A zebu ( , or ; "Bos primigenius indicus" or "Bos indicus" or "Bos taurus indicus"), sometimes known as indicine cattle or humped cattle, is a species or subspecies of domestic cattle originating in the Indian subcontinent. Zebu are characterised by a fatty hump on their shoulders, a large dewlap, and sometimes drooping ears. They are well adapted to withstanding high temperatures, and are farmed throughout the tropical countries, both as pure zebu and as hybrids with taurine cattle, the other main type of domestic cattle. Zebu are used as draught oxen, dairy cattle, and beef cattle, as well as for byproducts such as hides and dung for fuel and manure. In 1999, researchers at Texas A&M University successfully cloned a zebu.
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Australian Milking Zebu The Australian Milking Zebu (AMZ) is a composite breed of dairy cattle, developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia during the mid-1950s. To develop the breed, the CSIRO bred Sahiwal and Red Sindhi cattle from Pakistan with Jersey cattle. Some Illawarra, Guernsey and Friesian genetics were also included. The development of the breed was governed by strict selection for heat tolerance, milk production and cattle tick ("Boophilus microplus") resistance to result in the modern AMZ breed.
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Pinto horse A pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color. The distinction between "pinto" and "solid" can be tenuous, as so-called "solid" horses frequently have areas of white hair. Various cultures throughout history appear to have selectively bred for pinto patterns.
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Rosette (zoology) A rosette is a rose-like marking or formation found on the fur and skin of some animals, particularly cats. Rosettes are used to camouflage the animal, either as a defense mechanism or as a stalking tool. Predators use their rosettes to simulate the different shifting of shadows and shade, helping the animals to remain hidden from their prey. Rosettes can be grouped in clusters around other spots, or may appear as blotches on the fur. Rosettes can appear with or without central spots.
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Amrit Mahal The Amrit Mahal (Kannada:ಅಮೃತ ಮಹಲ್) cattle, hitherto known as "Benne Chavadi" , is a breed of cattle that originated from the erstwhile state of Mysore in Karnataka, India. They originated from the Hallikar breed cattle which were bred with the then existing closely related breeds, "Hagalavadi" and "Chithradurg". Originally developed for use in war for transporting equipage, the bullocks are notable for their great endurance and speed. Their head is elongated with a ridge in the middle and a bulging forehead. The cows in contrast are poor milk-yielders and hence, are classified to be a draught breed. It is one of the two breeds, along with Hallikar, which have received the royal patronage and care from the erstwhile Vijayanagara Kingdom, sultans and princely state of Mysore through conservation and development. The present day existence of places with names "kaval" or "Kaaval" (Kannada:"ಕಾವಲ್") in southern regions of Karnataka, which are the vast tracts of lands which were reserved to conserve and develop this breed of cattle in the Old Mysore region of Karnataka, stand as testimonies to the legacy of the Amrit Mahal breed.
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Splashed white Splashed white or splash is a horse coat color pattern in the "overo" family of spotting patterns that produces pink-skinned, white markings. Many splashed whites have very modest markings, while others have the distinctive "dipped in white paint" pattern. Blue eyes are a hallmark of the pattern, and splash may account for otherwise "solid" blue-eyed horses. Splashed white occurs in a variety of geographically divergent breeds, from Morgans in North America to Kathiawari horses in India. The splashed white pattern is also associated with congenital deafness, though most splashed whites have normal hearing. There now exists a DNA test for three forms of splashed white, and there is speculation that the SW-2 and SW-3 alleles may be an embryonic lethal when homozygous.
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Nomadic pastoralism Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze. Strictly speaking, true nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance where seasonal pastures are fixed. However this distinction is often not observed and the term nomad used for both—in historical cases the regularity of movements is often unknown in any case. The herded livestock include cattle, yaks, sheep, goats, reindeer, horses, donkeys or camels, or mixtures of species. Nomadic pastoralism is commonly practised in regions with little arable land, typically in the developing world, especially in the steppe lands north of the agricultural zone of Eurasia. Of the estimated 30–40 million nomadic pastoralists worldwide, most are found in central Asia and the Sahel region of West Africa. Increasing numbers of stock may lead to overgrazing of the area and desertification if lands are not allowed to fully recover between one grazing period and the next. Increased enclosure and fencing of land has reduced the amount of land available for this practice. There is substantive uncertainty over the extent to which the various causes for degradation affect grassland. Different causes have been identified which include overgrazing, mining, agricultural reclamation, pests and rodents, soil properties, tectonic activity, and climate change. Simultaneously, it is maintained that some, such as overgrazing and overstocking, may be overstated while others, such as climate change, mining and agricultural reclamation, may be under reported. In this context, there is also uncertainty as to the long term effect of human behavior on the grassland as compared to non-biotic factors.
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Lumpy skin disease Lumpy skin disease is a disease caused by a virus of the family "Poxviridae", also known as Neethling virus. It mainly affects cattle and zebus, but has also been seen in giraffes, African buffalo, and impalas. Lumpy skin disease was first seen as an epidemic in Zambia in 1929, and since then has affected cattle throughout Africa, including the countries South Africa, Egypt, and Sudan, and in 1989 an outbreak was confirmed in Israel. In April 2016 Bulgaria contacted the World Food Organisation for assistance in dealing with an epidemic. It is spread by biting insects.
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Tobiano Tobiano is a spotted color pattern commonly seen in Pinto horses, produced by a dominant gene. The tobiano gene produces white-haired, pink-skinned patches on a base coat color. The coloration is present from birth and does not change throughout the horse's lifetime, unless the horse also carries the gray gene. ("see below") It is a dominant gene, so any tobiano horse must have at least one parent who carries the tobiano gene.
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Matsusaka beef Matsusaka beef (松阪牛 , Matsusaka-gyū , also "Matsuzaka beef") is black-haired "Wagyū" (Japanese beef), also known as "Kuroge Washu" or "Japanese Black", the cattle come from the Matsusaka region of Mie, Japan. It is one of the most famous beef types within Japan and internationally, with a high fat-to-meat ratio. Within Japan, Matsusaka beef is generally considered one of the three top brands (known as "Sandai Wagyuu", "the three big beefs"), along with Kobe beef and Ōmi beef or Yonezawa beef. Only 2,500 cows that meet the strict standards are slaughtered each year, making it difficult to find.
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Calcareous grassland Calcareous grassland (or alkaline grassland) is an ecosystem associated with thin basic soil, such as that on chalk and limestone downland. Plants on calcareous grassland are typically short and hardy, and include grasses and herbs such as clover. Calcareous grassland is an important habitat for insects, particularly butterflies, and is kept at a plagioclimax by grazing animals, usually sheep and sometimes cattle. Rabbits used to play a part but due to the onset of myxomatosis their numbers decreased so dramatically that they no longer have much of a grazing effect.
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Polled livestock Polled livestock are livestock without horns in species which are normally horned. The term refers both to breeds or strains that are naturally polled through selective breeding and also to naturally horned animals that have been disbudded. Natural polling occurs in cattle, yaks, water buffalo, and goats, and in these animals it affects both sexes equally; in sheep, by contrast, both sexes may be horned, both polled, or only the females polled. The history of breeding polled livestock starts about 6000 years BCE.
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Waguli Waguli cattle are a breed of cattle used in beef production. The Waguli were developed at the University of Arizona at the V-V Ranch outside Campe Verde, AZ. The breed is a resulting cross of the Tuli (a Zimbabwean Sanga breed) and the Wagyu (a Japanese taurus breed).
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Kerry cattle Kerry cattle (Irish: "Bó Chiarraí" or "Buinín") are a rare breed of dairy cattle, native to Ireland. They are believed to be one of the oldest breeds in Europe. Their coat is almost entirely black, with a little white on the udder. The horns are whitish with dark tips. Cows weigh about 350–400 kg and produce 3000–3700 kg of milk per lactation.
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Merle (dog coat) Merle is a pattern in a dog's coat. "Merle" comes in different colors and patterns. Some have blue patches throughout and are considered blue "merle"; same with red, and chocolate, although some describe merle as only a "pattern". DNA testing identifies the "Merle" gene but not the variety of colors and patterns seen in the coats of the dogs with the gene. A dilute black (BB or Bb) dog is generally known as blue, but a dog with a merle coat does not test BB or Bb but still is a blue dilute from the "merle" gene The merle gene creates mottled patches of color in a solid or piebald coat, blue or odd-colored eyes, and can affect skin pigment as well. Health issues are more typical and more severe when two merles are bred together, so it is recommended that a merle be bred to a dog with a solid coat color only.