What German-speaking philosopher, born of Jewish parentage in present-day ,praises a Polish rabbi for his benevolence?
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Hirsch Janow Josef Hirsch Janow (1733 – 13 November 1785) was a Polish rabbi, who, on account of his great keenness in Talmudical discussions, was commonly called ""Hirsch Ḥarif"" (the acute). When in 1776 his father-in-law, Raphael Kohn, was elected rabbi of the 3 congregations Hamburg, Altona, and Wandsbeck, he succeeded him as rabbi of Posen. In the following year he was called to the rabbinate of Fürth. In 1779 he interdicted Moses Mendelssohn's German translation of the Pentateuch. Salomon Maimon, in his "Lebensgeschichte" (pp 280 et seq.), highly praises Hirsch Janow for his benevolence. He died at Fürth, Bavaria, on 13 November 1785.
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Salomon Maimon Salomon Maimon ( ; ] ; Hebrew: שלמה מימון‎ ‎ ‎; 1753 – 22 November 1800) was a German-speaking philosopher, born of Jewish parentage in present-day Belarus.
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David ben Naphtali Fränkel David ben Naphtali Fränkel or David Hirschel Fränkel (Hebrew: דוד בן נפתלי הירש פרנקל‎ ‎ ; 1704 – 4 April 1762), was a Jewish German rabbi.
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Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski (Latin: "Andreas Fricius Modrevius" ) (ca. September 20, 1503 – autumn, 1572) was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy". His book "De Republica emendanda" ("O poprawie Rzeczypospolitej") was widely read and praised across most of Renaissance Europe.
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( ; ] ; August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved wide renown in his day and, while primarily influential within the continental tradition of philosophy, has become increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as well. Although Hegel remains a divisive figure, his canonical stature within Western philosophy is universally recognized.
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Julius Ebbinghaus Julius Ebbinghaus (9 November 1885, Berlin – 16 June 1981, Marburg an der Lahn) was a German philosopher, one of the closest followers of Immanuel Kant active in the twentieth century. He was influenced by the Heidelberg school of neo-Kantianism of Wilhelm Windelband, and wrote on philosophy of law and the categorical imperative. Professor at Marburg University (Philipps-Universität Marburg) since 1940; 1954 professor emeritus, continuing lectures until 1966. In October 1945, he became installed as Rector Magnificus by order of the American occupation forces. He was the son of famous psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus.
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Wilhelm Bacher Wilhelm Bacher (Hungarian: "Bacher Vilmos" ; Yiddish: בִּנְיָמִין־זְאֵב בּאַככֿר‎ , Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין־זְאֵב בכר‎ ‎ "Benjamin Ze'ev Bacher"; 12 January 1850 – 25 December 1913) was a Jewish Hungarian scholar, rabbi, Orientalist and linguist, born in Liptó-Szent-Miklós, Hungary to the Hebrew writer Simon Bacher. Wilhelm was himself a prolific writer, authoring or co-authoring approximately 750 works. He was a contributor to many encyclopedias, and was a major contributor to the landmark "Jewish Encyclopedia" throughout all its 12 volumes . Although almost all of Bacher's works were written in German or Hungarian, at the urging of Hayyim Nahman Bialik many were subsequently translated into Hebrew by Alexander Siskind Rabinovitz.
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Johanan Luria Johanan ben Aaron ben Nathanael Luria (Hebrew: יוחנן בן אהרן בן נתנאל לוריא‎ ‎ ) was an Alsatian Talmudist. He lived successively at Niedernheim and Strasburg at the end of the fifteenth century and in the beginning of the sixteenth. After having studied for many years in German "yeshivot", he returned to Alsace and settled in Strasburg, where he founded a "yeshiva" by permission of the government. Luria was the author of an ethical work entitled ""Hadrakah"" (Cracow, c. 1579) and of ""Meshibat Nefesh"" (Neubauer, ""Catalogue of the Hebrew MSS. in the Bodleian Library"" No. 257), an "aggadic" and mystical commentary on the Pentateuch, founded on Rashi. To this commentary was appended a dissertation in which Luria refuted the arguments advanced by Christians against Judaism.
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Jacob Pollak Rabbi Jacob Pollak (other common spelling Yaakov Pollack) was the founder of the Polish method of halakhic and Talmudic study known as the Pilpul; born about 1460; died at Lublin in 1541. He was a pupil of Jacob Margolioth of Nuremberg, with whose son Isaac he officiated in the rabbinate of Prague about 1490; but he first became known during the latter part of the activity of Judah Minz (d. 1508), who opposed him in 1492 regarding a question of divorce. Pollak's widowed mother-in-law, a wealthy and prominent woman, who was even received at the Bohemian court, had married her second daughter, who was still a minor, to the Talmudist David Zehner. Regretting this step, she wished to have the marriage annulled; but the husband refused to permit a divorce, and the mother, on Pollak's advice, sought to have the union dissolved by means of the declaration of refusal ("mi'un") on the part of the wife, permitted by Talmudic law. Menahem of Merseburg, a recognized authority, had decided half a century previously, however, that a formal letter of divorce was indispensable in such a case, although his opinion was not sustained by the Oriental rabbis. When, therefore, Pollak declared the marriage of his sister-in-law null and void, all the rabbis of Germany protested, and even excommunicated him until he should submit to Menahem's decision. Judah Minz of Padua also decided against Pollak, who was sustained by one rabbi only, Meïr Pfefferkorn, whom circumstances compelled to approve this course (Judah Minz, Responsa, No. 13; Grätz, "Gesch." 2d ed., ix. 518).
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Israel Meir Freimann Israel Meir Freimann (Yiddish: ישראל מאיר פריַימאן‎ , also Israel Meier Freimann; b. 27 September 1830 in Cracow, then the Free City, d. 21 August 1884 in Ostrowo, then Posen Province, Germany) was a Polish-born German rabbi, philosopher, and orientalist.
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Gotthold Salomon Gotthold Salomon (November 1, 1784, Sandersleben (Anhalt-Dessau) — November 17, 1862, Hamburg ) was a German Jewish rabbi, politician and Bible translator.
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Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer ( ; ] ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work "The World as Will and Representation" (expanded in 1844), wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will. Proceeding from the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism, rejecting the contemporaneous post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism. Schopenhauer was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy (e.g., asceticism, the world-as-appearance), having initially arrived at similar conclusions as the result of his own philosophical work.
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Nicholas Rescher Nicholas Rescher ( ; ] ; born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the Co-Chairman of the Center for Philosophy of Science and has formerly served as Chairman of the Philosophy Department.
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Milton Steinberg Milton Steinberg (November 25, 1903 – March 20, 1950) was an American rabbi, philosopher, theologian and author.
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Lazarus Geiger Lazarus Geiger (1829–1870) was a German Jewish philosopher and philologist.
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Mordechai ben Hillel Mordechai ben Hillel HaKohen (c. 1250–1298), also known as The Mordechai, was a 13th-century German rabbi and posek. His chief legal commentary on the Talmud, referred to as "The Mordechai", is one of the sources of the "Shulchan Aruch". He was killed in the Rintfleisch massacres in 1298.
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Eugène Minkowski Eugène (Eugeniusz) Minkowski (] ; 17 April 1885 – 17 November 1972) was a French psychiatrist of Jewish Polish origin, known for his incorporation of phenomenology into psychopathology and for exploring the notion of "lived time". A student of Eugen Bleuler, he was also associated with the work of Ludwig Binswanger and Henri Ey. He was influenced by the philosophy of Henri Bergson and by the phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler. He was a prolific author in several languages and regarded as a great humanitarian.
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Solomon Steinheim Solomon Ludwig (Levy) Steinheim (pseudonym: "Abadjah Ben Amos"; 1789–1866) was a German physician, poet, and philosopher.
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Rabinowitz Rabinowitz (also Rabinowicz) (רבינוביץ), is a Polish Ashkenazi Jewish surname, Slavic for ""son of the rabbi"". The Russian equivalents are Rabinovich or Rabinovitch.
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Jakob Thomasius Jakob Thomasius (27 August 1622 – 9 September 1684) was a German academic philosopher and jurist. He is now regarded as an important founding figure in the scholarly study of the history of philosophy. His views were eclectic, and were taken up by his son Christian Thomasius.
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Max Scheler Max Ferdinand Scheler (] ; 22 August 1874 – 19 May 1928) was a German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology. Scheler developed further the philosophical method of the founder of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, and was called by José Ortega y Gasset "the first man of the philosophical paradise." After his death in 1928, Martin Heidegger affirmed, with Ortega y Gasset, that all philosophers of the century were indebted to Scheler and praised him as "the strongest philosophical force in modern Germany, nay, in contemporary Europe and in contemporary philosophy as such." In 1954, Karol Wojtyła, later Pope John Paul II, defended his doctoral thesis on "An Evaluation of the Possibility of Constructing a Christian Ethics on the Basis of the System of Max Scheler."
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Israel Jacobson Israel Jacobson (17 October 1768, Halberstadt – 14 September 1828, Berlin) was a German-Jewish philanthropist and communal organiser. While he lacked a systematic religious approach, he is considered one of the heralds of Reform Judaism.