What did the composer of La traviata use the term "banda" to describe?
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Banda (opera) In opera, a banda (Italian for "band") refers to a musical ensemble (normally of wind instruments) which is used in addition to the main orchestra and plays the music which is actually heard by the characters in the opera. A banda sul palco (band on the stage) was prominently used in Rossini's Neapolitan operas. Verdi used the term "banda" to refer to a "banda sul palco", as in the score for "Rigoletto". He used the term "banda interna" (internal band), to refer to a band which is still separate from the orchestra but heard from the off-stage wings. The early scores of "La traviata" use a "banda interna".
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La traviata La traviata (] , The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on "La Dame aux Camélias" (1852), a play adapted from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, fils. The opera was originally titled "Violetta", after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at the La Fenice opera house in Venice.
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Alessandro Rolla Alessandro Rolla (] ; 22 April 175715 September 1841) was an Italian viola and violin virtuoso, composer, conductor and teacher. His son, Antonio Rolla, was also a violin virtuoso and composer.
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Violin concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble, customarily orchestra. Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day. Many major composers have contributed to the violin concerto repertoire, with the best known works including those by Bach, Bartók, Walton, Beethoven, Brahms, Bruch, Mendelssohn, Mozart, Paganini, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Sibelius, Tchaikovsky, and Vivaldi.
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Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (] ; 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the "bel canto" opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donizetti's close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901).
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Music of Italy The music of Italy ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and instrumental classical music and a body of popular music drawn from both native and imported sources. Music has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in politics. Italian innovation in musical scales, harmony, notation, and theatre enabled the development of opera in the late 16th century, and much of modern European classical music, such as the symphony and concerto.
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Tango music Tango is a style of music in  or  time that originated among European immigrant populations of Argentina (collectively, the "Rioplatenses"). It is traditionally played on a solo guitar, guitar duo, or an ensemble, known as the "orquesta típica", which includes at least two violins, flute, piano, double bass, and at least two bandoneóns. Sometimes guitars and a clarinet join the ensemble. Tango may be purely instrumental or may include a vocalist. Tango music and dance have become popular throughout the world.
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Piazzolla's Orquesta Típica Piazzolla’s Orquesta Típica (aka the 1946 Orchestra) was a tango orchestra formed in 1946 in Buenos Aires by the Argentine bandoneon player Astor Piazzolla. This was Piazzolla’s first orchestra of his own and from this spring board he would later go on to pioneer "nuevo tango", a new approach to the genre, with his Octeto Buenos Aires.
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Canción Canción ("song") is a popular genre of Latin American music, particularly in Cuba, where many of the compositions originate. Its roots lie in Spanish popular song forms, including tiranas, polos and boleros; also in Italian light operetta, French romanza, and the slow waltz. Initially, even when written by the creole population of Cuba, who opposed the ruling hierarchy, the music retained its European style of "intricate melodies, and dark, enigmatic and elaborate lyrics" (Orovio).
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Passacaglia The passacaglia ( ; ] ) is a musical form that originated in early seventeenth-century Spain and is still used today by composers. It is usually of a serious character and is often, but not always, based on a bass-ostinato and written in triple metre.
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Alfonso Fontanelli Alfonso Fontanelli (15 February 1557 – 11 February 1622) was an Italian composer, writer, diplomat, courtier, and nobleman of the late Renaissance. He was one of the leading figures in the musically progressive Ferrara school in the late 16th century, and one of the earliest composers in the "seconda pratica" style at the transition to the Baroque era.
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Mariachi tradicional Traditional mariachi is a string ensemble from western México. Unlike the popular mariachi, this ensemble generally does not include trumpets. It consists of violins, guitarra de golpe, vihuelas, harp and guitarrón or double bass, and in some zones a bass drum is used. This mariachi developed from the beginning of 19th century and from this ensemble derived the mariachi with trumpets. Its repertoire generally covered "sones abajeños", "sones arribeños", "sones costeños" and "jarabes", and a wood box for dancing was widely used. Some groups have been caught performing popular music as well. This ensemble of strings is related with other ensembles of the region, like "conjunto calentano", "conjunto de arpa grande", "conjunto de jaraberos" and "conjunto de son de tarima" of the so-called Mexican son.
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Serafino Amedeo De Ferrari Serafino Amedeo De Ferrari (6 May 1824 – 27 March 1885) was an Italian composer, conductor, organist, and pianist. He is best known for his operas, of which his most popular were "Pipelè" (1855) and "Il Menestrello" (1859).
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Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (] ; 22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called "the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi".
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Antonio Quintavalle Antonio Quintavalle (1688–c.1724) was an Italian opera composer. By 1703 and perhaps earlier he was chamber organist at the Mantuan court. He wrote music for three operas while he was in Mantua, one in collaboration with the maestro di cappella Antonio Caldara. In 1712 he became maestro di cappella of Trent Cathedral. His fourth and last opera was produced in Trent. The exact year of his death is uncertain. There is evidence suggesting that Quintavalle was in Trent until at least 1724. However, there is also record of death for an Antonio Quintavalle, chaplain at Torcello, who died near Venice on 28 January 1721 at the age of 45. It is possible that this other Antonio Quintavalle may be the composer or a different person entirely. None of Quintavalle's works have survived to today.
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Pasquale Bona Pasquale Bona (Cerignola, November 3, 1808 – Milan, December 2, 1878) was an Italian composer. He studied music in Palermo. He composed a number of operas, including one based on the Schiller play that would later inspire Giuseppe Verdi's "Don Carlos". Bona later taught at the Conservatory in Milan, where he counted among his pupils Amilcare Ponchielli, Arrigo Boito, Franco Faccio and Alfredo Catalani; he was also friends with Alessandro Manzoni.
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Il Bellerofonte Il Bellerofonte is an 18th-century Italian opera in three acts by the Czech composer Josef Mysliveček. It conforms to the serious type (opera seria) that was typically set in the distant past. The libretto, based on the Greek legend of Bellerophon, was written by Giuseppe Bonecchi. The work was dedicated to King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and was first performed at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples on 20 January 1767, the birthday of his father, King Charles III of Spain. The cast featured two stellar singers of the time, Caterina Gabrielli and Anton Raaff, in the leading roles. The opera was only the composer's second one, and the first that permitted him the opportunity to write music for first-rate vocal artists. The production was highly successful, indeed responsible for a meteoric rise in his reputation as an operatic composer. From the time of the premiere of "Bellerofonte" until his death in 1781, Mysliveček succeeded in having more new "opere serie" brought into production than any other composer in Europe. During the same time span, he also had more new operas staged at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples than any other composer.
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Partita Partita (also "partie", "partia", "parthia", or "parthie") was originally the name for a single-instrumental piece of music (16th and 17th centuries), but Johann Kuhnau (Thomaskantor until 1722) and his successor Johann Sebastian Bach used it for collections of musical pieces, as a synonym for dance suite (see Bach Suites).
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Le nuove musiche Le nuove musiche ("The New Musics") is a collection of monodies and songs for solo voice and basso continuo by the composer Giulio Caccini, published in Florence in July 1602. It is one of the earliest and most significant examples of music written in the early baroque style of the "seconda pratica". It contains 12 madrigals and 10 arias.
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Cristóbal Oudrid Cristóbal (Carlos Domingo Romualdo y Ricardo) Oudrid y Segura (] , 7 February 1825 – 13 March 1877) was a Spanish pianist, conductor, and composer. He is noted for his many contributions to the formation and development of the zarzuela genre in Spain during the second half of the 19th century. He was a gifted musician—but with little technical knowledge, which he bragged about to receive more credit from others with relation to his creations. This habit earned him the scathing criticism of people like Antonio Peña y Goñi who, nevertheless, praised the bright, sensual and cheerful ease with which Oudrid used to bring to life the true meaning of the Spanish song.
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Il barone di Trocchia Il barone di Trocchia was the first of fifty-one operas written by Italian composer Giuseppe Gazzaniga. The two-act intermezzo has an Italian libretto by Francesco Cerlone and premiered at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples, Italy during carnival 1768.
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José Bragato José Bragato (12 October 1915 – 18 July 2017) was an Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor, arranger and musical archivist who, in his early career, was principal cellist in the Colón Theatre orchestra in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Apart from his involvement in classical music he also performed for many years in a number of Ástor Piazzolla's "Nuevo tango" (New tango) ensembles where his cello solos, which had never before featured in tango, put him in the vanguard of "Nuevo tango" from its birth in the 1950s. Since then he has done numerous and varied arrangements of Piazzolla's compositions.