Targe (from Old Franconian *"targa " "shield", Proto-Germanic *"targo " "border") was a general word for shield in late Old English, its diminutive, "target", came to mean an object to be aimed at in the 18th century, Frankish,  Old Franconian or Old Frankish was the West Germanic language spoken by the Franks between which type span?
cd8c557b7bd3a026f1fba4ff21a1f369
Targe Targe (from Old Franconian *"targa " "shield", Proto-Germanic *"targo " "border") was a general word for shield in late Old English. Its diminutive, "target", came to mean an object to be aimed at in the 18th century.
f24e91b129a4b9d5598affe7344983c1
Frankish language Frankish (reconstructed Frankish: "*Frenkisk"), Old Franconian or Old Frankish was the West Germanic language spoken by the Franks between the 4th and 8th century. The language itself is poorly attested, but it gave rise to numerous loanwords in Old French. Old Dutch is the term for the Old Franconian dialects spoken in the Low Countries, ie. in present-day Belgium, in the present Netherlands and Western parts of today's Germany until about the 12th century when it evolved into Middle Dutch.
c0ad593d81119765fd8028b5809c71d2
Old Norman Old Norman, also called Old Northern French or Old Norman French, was one of many "langues d'oïl" (Old French) dialects. It was spoken throughout the region of what is now called Normandy and spread into England, Southern Italy, Sicily and the Levant. It is the ancestor of modern Norman, including the insular dialects (such as Jèrriais), as well as Anglo-Norman.
00d0a050dbe48de13524451c61a0d6b9
Ancient Germanic law Several Latin law codes of the Germanic peoples written in the Early Middle Ages (also known as leges barbarorum "laws of the barbarians") survive, dating to between the 5th and 9th centuries. They are influenced by Roman law, canon law, and earlier tribal customs.
1853db19e20a7a4ec91fb078f8503e0a
Old Prussian language Old Prussian is an extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, that is the Baltic peoples of Prussia (not to be confused with the later and much larger German state of the same name), after 1945 northeastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and southernmost part of Lithuania.
4a151a1e4563f724fae07ead6cb04b83
Aquitani The Aquitanians (Latin: Aquitani) were a people living in what is now southern Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrénées, France, called Gallia Aquitania by the Romans in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, present-day southwestern France. They were an ancient non-Indo-European population that lived in the northern slopes of the Pyrenees. They spoke the Aquitanian language, related to Old Basque. Classical authors such as Julius Caesar and Strabo clearly distinguish them from the other peoples of Gaul and Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). With the process of Romanization, in the centuries of Roman Empire, they adopted the Latin Language (Vulgar Latin) and Roman civilization. Their old language, the Aquitanian language, was the substrate for the Gascon language (one of the Romance languages) spoken in Gascony.
40e014869d34cb4bb6331aaaa957de27
French Flemish French Flemish (French Flemish: "Fransch vlaemsch", Standard Dutch: "Frans-Vlaams", French: "flamand français" ) is a West Flemish dialect spoken in the north of contemporary France. Place names attest to Flemish having been spoken since the 8th century in the area that was ceded to France in the 17th century and which became known as French Flanders. Its dialect subgroup, called French Flemish, meanwhile, became a minority dialect that survives mainly in Dunkirk ("Duinkerke" in Dutch/"Duunkerke" in West Flemish = dune church), Bourbourg ("Broekburg" in Dutch), Calais ("Kales"), Saint-Omer ("Sint-Omaars") with an ethnic enclave Haut-Pont ("Haute-Ponte") known for its predominantly Flemish community and Bailleul ("Belle"). French-Flemish has about 20,000 daily users, and twice that number of occasional speakers. The language's status appears to be moribund., but there has been an active movement to retain French Flemish in the region.
8a82e00db68885b143f6dfd3ae0c83c7
Ligurian language (ancient) The Ligurian language was spoken in pre-Roman times and into the Roman era by an ancient people of north-western Italy and south-eastern France known as the Ligures. Very little is known about this language (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Indo-European; it appears to have shared many features with other Indo-European languages, primarily Celtic (Gaulish) and Italic (Latin and the Osco-Umbrian languages).
ebd7ef5d0f880a1316cd77e6911cd2d3
Isogloss An isogloss, also called a heterogloss (see Etymology below), is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel letter, the meaning of a word, or the use of some syntactic feature. Major dialects are typically demarcated by "groups" of isoglosses, such as the Benrath line that distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages and the La Spezia–Rimini Line that divides the Northern Italian dialects from Central Italian dialects. However, an "individual" isogloss may or may not have any coincidence with a language border. For example, the front-rounding of /y/ cuts across France and Germany, while the /y/ is absent from Italian and Spanish words that are cognates with the /y/-containing French words.
c6a55280311e3ce0d36e02dc0b6880c7
Ancient Belgian language Ancient Belgian is a hypothetical extinct Indo-European language, spoken in Belgica (northern Gaul) in late prehistory. It is often identified with the hypothetical Nordwestblock. While it remains a matter of controversy, the linguist Maurits Gysseling — who himself attributed the term to SJ De Laet — hypothesised a Belgian that was distinct from the later Celtic and Germanic languages. According to the theory, which was further elaborated by Hans Kuhn and others, traces of Belgian can be found in certain toponyms such as South-East-Flemish Bevere, Eine, Mater and Melden.
b0b6a35aed77f7412083f054a83e77bb
List of English words of Brittonic origin The number of English words known to be derived from the Brittonic language is remarkably small. In fact, as far as can be ascertained it is lower than the number of words of Gaulish origin found in the English language, which arrived through Norman French. However, this is to be expected, given the socio-historical relationship between Old English and Brittonic; the influence of the Brittonic language on English has been extremely limited. However, it is possible that many British words have been obscured by their close similarity to Germanic words which are perceived to offer a more likely etymology (e.g. "belly": considered to be from OE "bylg", but could easily be from AB "*belgā"), and also that some of them have been misidentified as Gaulish via French, which are simply unattested until after the Norman invasion.
4c8db29d453a053301458f89f2e3b506
Targum (Aramaic dialects) Targum is used by the Jews of northern Iraq and Kurdistan to refer to a variety of Aramaic dialects spoken by them till recent times. For details of these dialects, see Judeo-Aramaic language. The word "targum" simply means "translation" in Hebrew, and the primary reference of the term is the Aramaic Bible translations of that name. The Jewish use of "Targum" to mean the Aramaic language in general dates back to the early Middle Ages. An analogy is the use of "Ladino" to mean Judeo-Spanish, and of "sharħ" to mean Judeo-Arabic.
1f601c3978939e707cc19d292f13b89d
Germanic parent language In historical linguistics, the Germanic parent language (GPL) includes the reconstructed languages in the Germanic group referred to as Pre-Germanic Indo-European (PreGmc), Early Proto-Germanic (EPGmc), and Late Proto-Germanic (LPGmc), spoken in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC.
25a9d99f8fa01ab9a316f251a3114a28
Ingvaeonic languages Ingvaeonic , also known as North Sea Germanic, is a postulated grouping of the northern West Germanic languages, consisting of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants.
4372b33c1a8296c29cf1ebd57564a149
Teutoburg Forest The Teutoburg Forest (German: "Teutoburger Wald" ,    , colloquially: "Teuto ") is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia which was formerly believed to be the scene of Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, a decisive battle between the Germans and Romans in 9 AD. Until the 19th century the official name of the hill ridge was Osning.
1f06170d4892cf8d08b4922b3abad9f0
Old Turkic language Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of Turkic, found in Göktürk and Uyghur inscriptions dating from about the 7th century to the 13th century. It is the oldest attested member of the Orkhon branch of Turkic, which is extant in the modern Western Yugur language. However, it is not the ancestor of the language now called Uighur; the contemporaneous ancestor of Uighur to the west is called Middle Turkic.
4aec73e77e4c9a6a39b9c340023c2736
Early Scots Early Scots was the emerging literary language of the Northern Middle English speaking parts of Scotland in the period before 1450. The northern forms of Middle English descended from Northumbrian Old English. During this period, speakers referred to the language as "English" ("Inglis", "Ynglis", and variants).
e04f05d7149b32474db08365bb2ebb24
Germania Germania ( ) was the Roman term for the geographical region in north-central Europe inhabited mainly by Germanic peoples.
614ca022c5ba46cb1c671eb260add1da
Theodiscus Theodiscus is a Medieval Latin term literally meaning "popular" or "of the people". In Medieval Western Europe non-native Latin was the language of science, church and administration, hence "theodiscus" was used as an antonym of Latin, to refer to the "native language spoken by the general populace". The term was subsequently used in the Frankish Empire to denote the native Germanic vernaculars. As such, it was no longer used as antonym of Latin, but of "walhisk", a language descendent from Latin, but nevertheless the speech of the general populace as well. In doing so "theodiscus" effectively obtained the meaning of "Germanic", or more specifically one of its local varieties – resulting in the English exonym , the German endonym , and the Dutch exonym , all of which are all cognates of "theodiscus".
2d2ce51d71d6fe817a48d5aadef166ee
West Frisian language West Frisian, or simply Frisian ("Frysk"; Dutch: "Fries" ] ) is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ("Fryslân") in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the three Frisian languages.
7f74fb4598e605aa4f682a6f9efc95e8
Old Prussians Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (Old Prussian: "Prūsai"; German: "Pruzzen" or "Prußen"; Latin: "Pruteni" ; Latvian: "Prūši" ; Lithuanian: "Prūsai" ; Polish: "Prusowie" ; Kashubian: "Prësowié" ) refers to the indigenous peoples from a cluster of Baltic tribes that inhabited the region of Prussia. This region became the core of the later state of Prussia. It was located on the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula Lagoon to the west and the Curonian Lagoon to the east. The people spoke a language now known as Old Prussian and followed pagan Prussian mythology.
cd9730c39cd53c424aad180d548c767c
Hunnic language The Hunnic language, or Hunnish, was the language spoken by Huns in the Hunnic Empire, a heterogeneous, multi-ethnic tribal confederation which ruled much of Eastern Europe and invaded the West during the 4th and 5th centuries. A variety of languages were spoken within the Hun Empire. A contemporary reports that Hunnish was spoken alongside Gothic and the languages of other tribes subjugated by the Huns.