St. Gertrude New Church, is a church in Riga, the capital of Latvia, which type of church, which is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian?
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St. Gertrude New Church, Riga St. Gertrude New Church (Latvian: "Jaunā Svētās Ģertrūdes Evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca" ) is a Lutheran church in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is a parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia. The church is situated at the address 119 Brīvības Street.
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Lutheranism Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.
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Christianity in the 15th century The 15th century in Christianity is part of the High Middle Ages, the period from the coronation of Charlemagne in 800 to the close of the 15th century, which saw the fall of Constantinople (1453), the end of the Hundred Years War (1453), the discovery of the New World (1492), and thereafter the Protestant Reformation (1515). It also marked the later years of scholasticism and the growth of Christian humanism and other developments of the early Renaissance.
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Mežaparks Lutheran Church Mežaparks Lutheran Church (Latvian: "Mežaparka Evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca" ) is a Lutheran church in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is a parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia. The church is situated at the address 28 Ezermalas Street. Worship is offered in both Latvian and Russian languages.
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Examination of the Council of Trent Examination of the Council of Trent (Latin: "Examen Concilii Tridentini", 1565–73) is a large theological work of Lutheran Reformer Martin Chemnitz.
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Luther Study Center The Luther Study Center is an independent confessional Lutheran organization formed with a group of people both clergy and laity that are committed to and concerned of Lutheran Confessions from different Lutheran Church bodies existed in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
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History of Lutheranism Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg. Lutheranism soon became a wider religious and political movement within the Holy Roman Empire owing to support from key electors and the widespread adoption of the printing press. This movement soon spread throughout northern Europe and became the driving force behind the wider Protestant Reformation. Today, Lutheranism has spread from Europe to all six populated continents.
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Johann Arndt Johann Arndt (or Arnd; 27 December 1555 – 11 May 1621) was a German Lutheran theologian who wrote several influential books of devotional Christianity. Although reflective of the period of Lutheran Orthodoxy, he is seen as a forerunner of pietism, a movement within Lutheranism that gained strength in the late 17th century.
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Regeneration (theology) Regeneration, while sometimes perceived to be a step in the "Ordo salutis" ('order of salvation'), is generally understood in Christian theology to be the objective work of God in a believer's life. Spiritually, it means that God brings Christians to new life from a previous state of separation from God and subjection to the decay of death (Ephesians 2:4). Thus, in Lutheran and Roman Catholic theology, it generally means that which takes place during "the baptism". In Calvinism (Reformed theology) and Arminian theology, baptism is recognized as an outward sign of an inward reality which is to follow regeneration as a sign of obedience to the New Testament.
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Kaspar Glatz Kaspar Glatz (died 1551) was a minor figure in reformation-era Lutheranism. Trained in the early days of the reformation by Martin Luther at Wittenberg, he served as a pastor in the new movement for more than 20 years. The most comprehensive biographical sketch is contained in the late nineteenth-century "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie".
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Lutheran sacraments The Lutheran sacraments are "sacred acts of divine institution". Lutherans believe that, whenever they are properly administered by the use of the physical component commanded by God along with the divine words of institution, God is, in a way specific to each sacrament, present with the Word and physical component. They teach that God earnestly offers to all who receive the sacrament forgiveness of sins and eternal salvation. They teach that God also works in the recipients to get them to accept these blessings and to increase the assurance of their possession.
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The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism "The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism" (German: "Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus") is an essay written by Max Weber.
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Church renewal Church renewal is a term widely used by church leaders to express hope for revitalization of the Church (as well as Christianity in general) in light of the decline of Christianity in many western countries. The idea of a post-Christian era has made church renewal a popular topic of study among many commentators. Various philosophical, theological, sociological, and practical reasons have been given for the decline of Christianity and the waning influence of the church, and various ideas have been proposed to halt the decline. This has led to the rise of a number of church renewal movements, such as the emerging church movement, the missional church movement, the confessing movement, the simple church movement, New Calvinism, and New Monasticism, among others.
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Caspar Erich Schieler Caspar Erasmus (Erich) Schieler (July 14, 1851 – January 13, 1934) was a German theologian, church historian and priest in the late 19th century and early 20th century. According to documents provided by Mainz Cathedral and the Diocesan Seminary, Schieler studied philosophy and theology at the Episcopal Seminary in Mainz (Closed during the Kulturkampf in 1878), receiving the Doctor of Divinity degree. Schieler first served as a priest at the age of twenty-five at Mainz, Cathedral ordained under Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler in the year 1876. Due to the Kulturkampf, Schieler was interrogated by the German government and forced to pastor his parish in secret, to avoid further attention. While secretly pastoring in Weisskirchen, Schieler began working on his dissertation: "Magister Johannes Nider", for which he received the degree of Doctor of Theology, Magna cum Laude in Wurzburg, Germany in the year 1886. Schieler then become the Professor of Moral Theology at Diocesan Seminary of Mainz in Baden-Württemberg. After breaking from The Catholic Church and converting to Protestantism, Schieler continued writing books and became a pastor in the Lutheran Church, which later merged into the United Church of Christ, a mainline Protestant Christian denomination, with historical confessional roots in the Reformed, Congregational and Lutheran traditions. Schieler served as a Professor of theology and Latin American and German language and literature at the Mission House College, which later became Lakeland University. At the request of the Educational Department, Schieler later took up a teaching position at Redfield College, teaching theology in Redfield, South Dakota. Schieler was then called upon by the German Evangelical Synod of North America, to teach and preach in communities in Hartsburg, Missouri, Hamel and Johannisburg, Illinois and Marion, Wisconsin.
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Jacobus Latomus Jacobus Latomus (or Jacques Masson) (ca. 1475, Cambron – 29 May 1544, Leuven) was a Flemish theologian, a distinguished member of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Leuven. Latomus was a theological adviser to the Inquisition, and his exchange with William Tyndale is particularly noted. The general focus of his academic work centered on opposing Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, supporting the divine right of the papacy and the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Ecclesiology In Christian theology, Ecclesiology is the study of the Christian Church, the origins of Christianity, its relationship to Jesus, its role in salvation, its polity, its discipline, its destiny, and its leadership. Since different ecclesiologies give shape to very different institutions or denominations, there are many subfields such as Catholic ecclesiology, Protestant ecclesiology, and "ecumenical ecclesiology".
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Protestantenverein The 'Protestantenverein' was a society in Germany the general object of which was to promote the union ("Verein") and progress of the various Protestant established Churches of the country in harmony with the advance of culture and on the basis of Christianity.
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Loci Communes Loci Communes or Loci communes rerum theologicarum seu hypotyposes theologicae (Latin for "Common Places in Theology or Fundamental Doctrinal Themes") was a work by the Lutheran theologian Philipp Melanchthon published in 1521 (other, modified editions produced in the life of the author occurred in: 1535, 1543 and 1559). Martin Luther said of it that "Next to Holy Scripture, there is no better book," and its existence is a common reason given for why Luther never wrote a systematic theology of his own. In an overture to the English king, Henry VIII, to gain the English crown as converts to Lutheran protestantism, Philipp Melanchthon provided a dedication to the king in one of his printed editions.
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Radical Reformation The Radical Reformation was the response to what was believed to be the corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Protestant movement led by Martin Luther and many others. Beginning in Germany and Switzerland in the 16th century, the Radical Reformation gave birth to many radical Protestant groups throughout Europe. The term covers both radical reformers like Thomas Müntzer, Andreas Karlstadt, groups like the Zwickau prophets and Anabaptist groups like the Hutterites and Mennonites.
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Paul Luther Paul Luther (28 January 1533 – 8 March 1593) was a German physician, medical chemist, and alchemist. He was the third son of the Protestant reformer Martin Luther and was successively physician to John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg; Augustus, Elector of Saxony and his successor Christian I. He taught alchemy to Anne of Denmark.
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Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Riga Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Latvian: "Svētās Trīsvienības Evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca" ) is a Lutheran church in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is a parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia. The church is situated at the address 10 Sarkandaugavas Street.
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Martin Bucer Martin Bucer (early German: "Martin Butzer") (11 November 1491 – 28 February 1551) was a German Protestant reformer based in Strasbourg who influenced Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican doctrines and practices. Bucer was originally a member of the Dominican Order, but after meeting and being influenced by Martin Luther in 1518 he arranged for his monastic vows to be annulled. He then began to work for the Reformation, with the support of Franz von Sickingen.