Johannes "Macky" Steinhoff, was a German general, NATO official and Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II, and became one of the principal officials tasked with building the German Air Force during the Cold War, the aerial warfare branch of the Bundeswehr, the armed forces of which country?
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Johannes Steinhoff Johannes "Macky" Steinhoff (15 September 1913 – 21 February 1994) was a German general, NATO official and Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II. He joined the West German government's Rearmament Office as a consultant on military aviation in 1952 and became one of the principal officials tasked with building the German Air Force during the Cold War. He became the German Military Representative to the NATO Military Committee in 1960, served as Acting Commander Allied Air Forces Central Europe in NATO 1965–1966, as Inspector of the Air Force 1966–1970 and as Chairman of the NATO Military Committee 1971–1974. In retirement, Steinhoff became a widely read author of books on German military aviation during the Second World War and the experiences of the German people at that time.
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German Air Force The German Air Force (German: "Luftwaffe" (] ), the German-language generic term for "air force") is the aerial warfare branch of the Bundeswehr, the armed forces of Germany. With a strength of 28,448 personnel (28 February 2017), it is the fourth largest air force within the European Union, after the air forces of the United Kingdom, France and Italy. Although its budget has been significantly reduced since the end of the Cold War in 1989–1990, the Luftwaffe is still among the best-equipped air forces of the world.
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NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment of Russia, China, and, historically, the former Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manner in place of the original designations, which either may have been unknown to the Western world at the time or easily confused codes. For example, the Russian bomber jet Tupolev Tu-160 is simply called Blackjack.
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List of aircraft of World War II The List of aircraft of World War II includes all the aircraft used by those countries which were at war during World War II from the period between their joining the conflict and the conflict ending for them. Aircraft developed but not used operationally in the war are in the prototypes section at the end. Prototypes for aircraft that entered service under a different design number are ignored in favour of the service version. The date the aircraft entered service, or was first flown if the service date is unknown or it did not enter service follows the name, followed by the country of origin and major wartime users. Aircraft used for multiple roles are generally only listed under their primary role unless specialized versions were built for other roles. Aircraft used by neutral countries such as Spain, Switzerland and Sweden or countries which did no significant fighting such as most of those in South America (except Brazil), are not included.
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Siegfried Barth Siegfried Barth (23 January 1916 – 19 December 1997) was a German bomber pilot in the Luftwaffe during World War II and commander of the fighter-bomber wing Jagdbombergeschwader 32 (JaBoG 32) of the German Air Force. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded by Nazi Germany to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. As a Bundeswehr officer, he served at the NATO Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) from 1969 to 1972.
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Panzer ace "Panzer ace" ("tank ace") is a contemporary term used in English-speaking popular culture to describe highly-decorated German tank ("Panzer") commanders and crews during World War II. While not prevalent in World War II within the Wehrmacht, it was at times used by the Waffen-SS to publicise its most successful personnel, as the SS organisation was far more attuned to the propaganda imperatives of Nazi Germany. These commanders were credited with the destruction of large numbers of tanks and other armoured vehicles. The British and United States militaries did not recognise any of their tank commanders for "tank kills" or publicise their achievements, though some were also responsible for destroying a large number of enemy tanks.
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Volker Wieker Volker Wieker (born 1 March 1954 in Delmenhorst, Lower Saxony) is the Chief of Staff ("Generalinspekteur", lit. "Inspector General") of the "Bundeswehr", the German armed forces, and a general of the German Army. As the highest-ranking officer of the Bundeswehr he is the government's chief military adviser and the general ultimately in charge of its operations. Trained as an artillery officer, Wieker served in every major foreign Bundeswehr deployment since 1996, including Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan.
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OB West The German Army Command in the West ("Oberbefehlshaber West" (German: initials OB West) was the overall command of the Westheer, the German Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War II. It was directly subordinate to German Armed Forces High Command. The area under the command of the OB West varied as the war progressed. At its farthest extent it reached the French Atlantic coast. By the end of World War II in Europe it was reduced to commanding troops in Bavaria.
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German Army (German Empire) The Imperial German Army (German: "Deutsches Heer" ) was the name given to the combined land and air forces of the German Empire (excluding the "Marine-Fliegerabteilung " maritime aviation formations of the "Kaiserliche Marine "). The term "Deutsches Heer " is also used for the modern German Army, the land component of the "Bundeswehr ". The German Army was formed after the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership in 1871 and dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I.
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Foreign relations of Norway The foreign relations of Norway are based on the country's membership in NATO and within the workings of the United Nations (UN). Additionally, despite not being a member of the European Union (EU), Norway takes part in the integration of EU through its membership in the European Economic Area. Norway's foreign ministry includes both the minister of foreign affairs and minister of international development.
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Harald Kujat Harald Kujat (born 1 March 1942) is a retired German General of the Luftwaffe. He served as Chief of Staff of the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr, from 2000 to 2002, and as Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 2002 to 2005.
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War commissary A war commissary or armed forces commissary (German: "Kriegskommissar", French:"commissaire des armées") is a military official responsible for supplying military arms and provisions, and sometimes in charge of the military budget and conscription. The rank is used, or has been used, in the Danish Army, Norwegian Army, Prussian Army, Swedish Army, French Army and Soviet army.
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Ministry of Defence (Bulgaria) The Ministry of Defence (Bulgarian: Министерство на отбраната , "Ministerstvo na otbranata") of Bulgaria is the ministry charged with regulating the Bulgarian Armed Forces.
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Leutnant Leutnant (] ; OF-1b) is the lowest Lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and military of Switzerland.
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Oberkommando der Luftwaffe The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) was the air force High Command of the Third Reich.
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Army Training Centres The Army Training Centres (German: "Zentren des Heeres" ), together with the Army Training Schools ("Schulen des Heeres"), form the training establishments of the German Army within the "Bundeswehr". They are subordinated to the German Army Office ("Heeresamt"). Several are not (exclusively) charged with training, but are also support establishments that, e. g. are responsible for Army logistics or the maintenance and operations of training facilities, including the military training areas. The distinction between training centres and schools or arms schools in the Army is sometimes blurred. For example, many centres that are charged with basic and continuation training for an arm or service are run by a general who is the head of arm, such as the General of the Armoured Corps ("General der Panzertruppen").
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Belgian Armed Forces The Belgian Armed Forces (Dutch: "Defensie" ; French: "La Défense" ) is the national military of Belgium. The Belgian Armed Forces was established after Belgium became independent in October 1830. Since that time Belgian armed forces have fought in World War I, World War II, the Cold War (Korean War and army of occupation of the Federal Republic of Germany), Kosovo, Somalia and Afghanistan. The ParaCommando Brigade intervened several times in Central-Africa, for maintaining public order and evacuation of Belgian citizens. The Armed Forces comprise four branches: the Land Component, the Air Component, the Marine Component and the Medical Component. It is currently active in Lebanon, Afghanistan, the Gulf of Aden and conducting anti-ISIS operations in Iraq.
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History of Germany since 1990 The history of Germany since 1990 spans the period following the Reunification of Germany, when West Germany and East Germany were reunited after being divided during the Cold War. Germany after 1990 is referred to by historians as the Berlin Republic ("Berliner Republik"). This time period is also determined by the ongoing process of the "inner reunification" of the formerly divided country.
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Armed Forces Office (Germany) The Armed Forces Office or Joint Support Office (German: "Streitkräfteamt, SKA" ) is an agency of the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr, responsible for administering various joint components of the Bundeswehr. It is based in Bonn, and since the restructuring of the Bundeswehr in 2013 has been directly subordinate to the Streitkräftebasis (Joint Support Service). Its commander is a Generalmajor or Konteradmiral.
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Bundeswehr The Bundeswehr (] , "Federal Defence") is the unified armed forces of Germany and their civil administration and procurement authorities. The States of Germany are not allowed to maintain armed forces of their own, since the German Constitution states that matters of defense fall into the sole responsibility of the federal government.
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Armed Forces Staff (Germany) The Armed Forces Staff, in the meaning of General staff, of the German Bundeswehr (German: "Führungsstab der Streitkräfte - Fü S" ; literal: Command staff of the armed forces) was the central department of the Federal Ministry of Defence (MOD) in direct subordination to the Inspector General of the Bundeswehr (en: Chief of Staff of the Federal Armed Forces) and one of the five staff headquarters in the military command of the German Bundeswehr.
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Oberst Oberst (] ) is a military rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. The Swedish rank "överste" is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank "eversti" and the Icelandic rank "ofursti". In the Netherlands the rank "overste" is used as a synonym for a lieutenant colonel.