What generic medication is a non-selective betablocker used to treat congestive heart failure?
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Beta-3 adrenergic antagonist A Beta-3 adrenergic antagonist (β-adrenoceptor antagonist) is an adrenergic antagonist which blocks the Beta-3 adrenergic receptors of cells, with either high specificity (an antagonist which is selective for β adrenoceptors) like L-748,328, L-748,337 and SR 59,230A or non-specifically (an antagonist for β and for β or β adrenoceptors) like the non-selective betablocker Carvedilol.
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Carvedilol Carvedilol, sold under the brand name Coreg among others, is a beta blocker used for treating mild to severe congestive heart failure (CHF), left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) following heart attack in people who are otherwise stable, and for treating high blood pressure.
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Procainamide Procainamide is a medication of the antiarrhythmic class used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It is classified by the Vaughan Williams classification system as class Ia; thus it is a Na+ channel blocker of cardiomyocytes. In addition to blocking the "I" current, it inhibits the "I" rectifier K+ current. Procainamide is also known to induce a voltage-dependent open channel block on the batrachotoxin (BTX)-activated sodium channels in cardiomyocytes.
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Befunolol Befunolol (INN) is a beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity used in the management of open-angle glaucoma. It also acts as a β adrenoreceptor partial agonist. Befunolol was introduced in Japan in 1983 by Kakenyaku Kako Co. under the trade name Bentos.
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Idropranolol Idropranolol is a beta blocker that was never marketed.
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Atorvastatin/amlodipine The drug combination atorvastatin/amlodipine (trade names Caduet in the US, Australia and Russia, and Envacar elsewhere) is a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of high cholesterol and high blood pressure. It is a fixed-dose combination drug containing the calcium channel blocker amlodipine and the statin atorvastatin being marketed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer.
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Antihypertensive drug Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.
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Flucloxacillin Flucloxacillin (INN) or floxacillin (USAN) is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Unlike other penicillins, flucloxacillin has activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms such as "Staphylococcus aureus" as it is beta-lactamase stable. However, it is ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is very similar to dicloxacillin; they are considered interchangeable. While no longer used in the United States, Flucloxacillin is supplied under a variety of trade names in other countries, including Floxapen (Beecham, now GSK), Flopen (CSL), Staphylex (Alphapharm), Softapen (Rephco Pharmaceuticals Limited), Flubex (Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh), and Flupen (for state use only in South Africa).
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Sacubitril/valsartan Sacubitril/valsartan, sold under the brand name Entresto among others, is a combination drug for use in heart failure developed by Novartis. It consists of the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril and the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan, in a 1:1 mixture by molecule count. It is recommended for use as a replacement for an ACE inhibitor or an angiotension receptor blocker in people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
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Adrenergic bronchodilator Adrenergic bronchodilators (specifically beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists) are inhaled medicines that help open up the air passages. They are used to treat asthma and chronic bronchitis. They dilate the bronchi by a direct action on the beta2-adrenoreceptors on the bronchial smooth muscle and relax the muscle.
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Olmesartan/amlodipine The combination drug olmesartan/amlodipine (trade name Azor in the US) is an oral antihypertensive medication which combines two antihypertensive agents in a film-coated tablet. It contains amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, and olmesartan medoxomil (trade name: Benicar), an angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist (ARB or A2A). The patent is held by Daiichi Sankyo Pharmaceuticals. Daiichi Sankyo filed a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for Azor with the United States Food and Drug Administration on September 17, 2008. Azor has been studied in clinical trials; one test showed it reduced blood pressure during a 24-hour period and was well tolerated. Azor is available in different dose preparations: 5 mg/20 mg, 10 mg/20 mg,5 mg/40 mg and 10/40 mg's of amlodipine and olmesartan respectively. One investigation (which included doctors employed by Daiichi Sankyo) concluded that "From a pharmacokinetic perspective, the 2 drugs (amlodipine and olmesartan) are well suited to coadministration in a fixed-dose combination."
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Cyclopenthiazide Cyclopenthiazide (trade name Navidrex) is a thiazide diuretic used in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension.
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Atenolol Atenolol is a selective β receptor antagonist, a drug belonging to the group of beta blockers (sometimes written β-blockers), a class of drugs used primarily in cardiovascular diseases. Introduced in 1976, atenolol was developed as a replacement for propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. It works by slowing down the heart and reducing its workload. Unlike propranolol, atenolol does not readily pass through the blood–brain barrier, thus decreasing the incidence of central nervous system side effects.
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Levomilnacipran Levomilnacipran (brand name Fetzima) is an antidepressant which was approved in the United States in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of milnacipran, and has similar effects and pharmacology, acting as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).
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Levamlodipine Levamlodipine (INN), also known as levoamlodipine or S-amlodipine is a pharmacologically active enantiomer of amlodipine. Amlodipine belongs to the dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive and antianginal agent. Levamlodipine is currently marketed in Russia under the brand name EsCordi Cor (Actavis Pharma) and in India under the trade names Eslo (Zuventus Healthcare Ltd.), Asomex (Emcure Pharmaceutical Ltd.), and Espin (Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd.).
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Indenolol Indenolol is a beta-adrenergic blocker.
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Chlormerodrin Chlormerodrin is a mercurial diuretic that was once used to treat patients with heart failure, but is no longer used in the United States.
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Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine is a fixed dose combination drug treatment specifically approved by the US FDA to be used to treat African Americans with congestive heart failure. It is a combination of hydralazine (an antihypertensive) and isosorbide dinitrate (a vasodilator). It is the first race-based prescription drug in the United States.
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Azilsartan Azilsartan (INN) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, developed by Takeda. It is marketed in tablet form under the trade name Edarbi as the prodrug azilsartan medoxomil (INN).
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Tegaserod Tegaserod is a 5-HT agonist manufactured by Novartis and sold under the names Zelnorm and Zelmac for the management of irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Approved by the FDA in 2002, it was subsequently removed from the market in 2007 due to FDA concerns about possible adverse cardiovascular effects. Before then, it was the only drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to help relieve the abdominal discomfort, bloating, and constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Its use was also approved to treat chronic idiopathic constipation.
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Decoglurant Decoglurant (INN) (code name RG1578, RO4995819) is a negative allosteric modulator of the mGlu and mGlu receptors which was under development by Roche for the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder. Decoglurant progressed as far as phase II clinical trials but was ultimately discontinued from further development due to disappointing efficacy results.
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Esmolol Esmolol (trade name Brevibloc) is a cardioselective beta receptor blocker with rapid onset, a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilising activity at therapeutic dosages.