Ghughudanga Zamindar Bari was the residential palace and place of business of the Ghughu-danga zamindar family, the palace was destroyed by Pakistani soldiers in the Bangladesh Liberation War, that occurred in which year, also was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan and the 1971 Bangladesh genocide?
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Ghughu-danga Zamindar Bari Ghughudanga Zamindar Bari was the residential palace and place of business of the Ghughu-danga zamindar family. It is situated on the banks of the Purnobhoba River in Dinajpur District. The palace was destroyed by Pakistani soldiers in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ "Muktijuddho "), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan and the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. It resulted in the independence of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The war began after the Pakistani military junta based in West Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight against the people of East Pakistan on the night of 25 March 1971. It pursued the systematic elimination of nationalist Bengali civilians, students, intelligentsia, religious minorities and armed personnel. The junta annulled the results of the 1970 elections and arrested Prime minister-designate Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
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Nawab of Dhaka The Nawab of Dhaka was a zamindar in British Bengal. The title of Nawab, similar to the British peerage, was conferred upon the head of the family by the British Raj as a recognition of their loyalty in the time of the Sepoy Mutiny. The self-definition is a family instead of an estate due to certain legal considerations imposed by the East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950.
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Lalmohan Sen Lalmohan Sen (Bengali: লালমোহন সেন ) was an Indian revolutionary who took part in the Chittagong Armoury Raid. He was imprisoned for 16 years. Shortly after his release he lost his life in the Noakhali genocide.
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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 (also variously known as the Indonesian massacres, Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, or the 1965 Tragedy) were large-scale killings and civil unrest which occurred in Indonesia over many months, targeting communist sympathizers, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government. Initially it began as an anti-communist purge following a controversial coup attempt by the 30 September Movement in Indonesia. The most widely published estimates were that 500,000 to more than one million people were killed, with some more recent estimates going as high as two to three million. The purge was a pivotal event in the transition to the "New Order" and the elimination of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as a political force. The upheavals led to the fall of President Sukarno and the commencement of Suharto's three-decade authoritarian presidency.
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Battle of Kamalpur The Battle of Kamalpur (কামালপুরের যুদ্ধ), launched against the Pakistan Army, is one of the most significant battles fought by Bangladesh Forces in 1971 during its war of independence from Pakistan. The Pakistan Army set up a military camp at Kamalpur (now in Baksiganj Upazila of Jamalpur District) which was attacked by 1st East Bengal Regiment of Z Force several times. The first attack was made on June 12, and a second attack was made on July 31, 1971. Finally, on December 4, Pakistan Army had to withdraw and fell back to their headquarters at Jamalpur. After an attack by the Bangladesh Forces. In the aftermath of the battle, Pakistani troops were defeated and Jamalpur became free.
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Malabar rebellion The Malaba or Malabar genocide(also known as the Moplah rebellion, "മാപ്പിള ലഹള" "Māppila Lahaḷa" in Malayalam) was an armed uprising in 1921 against British authority and Hindus in the Malabar region of Southern India by Mappila Muslims and the culmination of a series of Mappila revolts that recurred throughout the 19th century and early 20th century. The 1921 rebellion began as a reaction against a heavy-handed crackdown on the Khilafat Movement by the British authorities in the Eranad and Valluvanad "taluks" of Malabar. In the initial stages, a number of minor clashes took place between Khilafat volunteers and the police, but the violence soon spread across the region. The Mappilas attacked and took control of police stations, British government offices, courts and government treasuries. The Moplah rebellion that started as a fight against the British ended up as large-scale massacre and persecution of Hindus. In the later stages of the uprising, Mappilas committed several atrocities against the Hindu community, who they accused of helping the police to suppress their rebellion. Annie Besant reported that Muslim Mappilas forcibly converted many Hindus and killed or drove away all Hindus who would not apostatise, totalling to one lakh (100,000).
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Somali Civil War The Somali Civil War (Somali: "Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya" , Arabic: الحرب الأهلية الصومالية‎ ‎ ) is an ongoing civil war taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the Siad Barre government during the 1980s. By 1988–90, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging various armed rebel groups, including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups eventually managed to overthrow the Barre government in 1991.
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Zamindars of Bengal The Zamindars of Bengal were influential in administration of territories in present-day West Bengal and former East Bengal, contemporary Bangladesh. The Nawabs of Bengal ruled the area under the Mughal Empire from 1717 to 1880. Murshid Quli Jafar Khan governed the area, through his feudal chiefs, the zamindars, which mirrored the European system of serfdom. The zamindars dominated most of the villages in Bengal. Zamindars were the landholders of demarcated areas, responsible for collecting revenue for the monarchy and rose into prominence during the British colonial era, owing to the opportunity availed by the British in India. Mostly credited with cultural, architectural, educational, economical development and urbanisation of Calcutta and discredited for exploitation of rural Bengal.
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Dakra massacre Dakra massacre (Bengali: ডাকরা হত্যাকান্ড ) refers to the massacre of unarmed Hindu refugees at the village of Dakra, in the Bagerhat sub-division of Khulna District on 21 May 1971 by the Peace Committee members and the Razakars. The attackers were led by Rajab Ali Fakir, the chairman of the Bagerhat sub-divisional Peace Committee. More than 2,000 Hindu men, women and children were killed in the massacre.
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Muhammad Hamidullah Khan M. Hamidullah Khan (Bangla: এম হামিদুল্লাহ খান) (11 September 1938 – 30 December 2011) was a distinguished war commander in the Bangladesh War of Independence. A career officer in the air force, initially in the PAF and after independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan he was inducted into BAF on 6 April 1972. M. Hamidullah Khan served PAF from 1960 to 1971. He participated in the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War and was awarded Sitara-e-Harb War Medal for participation, and Tamgha-e-Jurat Gallantry medal for displaying immense dedication and courage. During the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971 he held three posts. He was initially member of the Interim Provincial Bangladesh Government as Bangladesh Forces Representative of Guerilla Training at Chakulia Canp. In early July Hamidullah Khan participated at the Sector Commanders Conference. Following the conference Hamidullah was appointed Commander of Mankachar Sub-Sector 1 and in charge of independent Roumari area. On 3 November 1971 Hamidullah Khan was appointed Commander of Sector 11, Bangladesh Forces. M. Hamidullah Khan represented Bangladesh during the 34th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1979 as Bangladesh Special Envoy on the question of granting recognition to the State of Palestine and the plenary session on UN Resolutions 242 and 439 on the question of Palestine and Namibia respectively. He was an elected Member of Parliament three times from his ancestral home of Bikrampur. Upon his death President of Bangladesh Zillur Rahman and Awami League Administration of Prime Minister Sheikh Haisina gave M Hamidullah Khan a state funeral with full military honours.
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Bengali Brahmins The Bengali Brahmins are those Hindu Brahmins who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Bangladesh. When the British left India in 1947, carving out separate nations, a number of families moved from the Muslim-majority East Bengal (now Bangladesh) to be within the borders of the newly defined Republic of India, and continued to migrate for several decades thereafter.
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Indonesian National Revolution The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence (Indonesian: Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia , Dutch: "Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog" ) was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution following the postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Dutch recognition of Indonesia's independence at the end of 1949. The Indonesian independence movement began in May 1908, which is commemorated as the "Year of National Awakening" (Indonesian: "Tahun Kebangkitan Bangsa" ).
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Karamchedu massacre Karamchedu massacre refers to an incident that occurred in Karamchedu, Andhra Pradesh on 17 July 1985, where a conflict between Dalits and upper caste landlords predominantly resulted in the killing of six Dalits and grievous injuries to 20 more. After a long legal battle that went up to the Supreme Court, one person was given life imprisonment and 30 more were sentenced to a prison term of three years. The initial main accused, Daggubati Chenchu Ramaiah, father of then-MLA of Parchur, Daggubati Venkateswara Rao was brutally assassinated by Naxalites in 1989 as Retaliation.
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Khalq Khalq ("Masses" or "People" in Pashto) was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Its historical leaders were Presidents Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin. It was also the name of the leftist newspaper produced by the same movement. It was supported by the USSR and was formed in 1965 when the PDPA was born. The Khalqist wing of the party was made up primarily of Pashtuns from non-elite classes. However, their Marxism was often a vehicle for tribal resentments. Bitter resentment between the Khalq and Parcham factions eventually led to the failure of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan that was formed as a result of the Saur Revolution. It was also responsible for the radical reforms that encouraged the rebellion of the religious segments present in the Afghan society, which led to the creation of the Mujahideen and, eventually, to the Soviet military intervention in December 1979.
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Ganatantri Dal The Ganatantri Dal was East Pakistan's first secular political party. It was founded on 19 January 1953 by Mahmud Ali with Haji Mohammad Danesh, a veteran communist activist of the Tebhaga movement as its first president. The party was the first to open its doors to non-Muslims on an equal footing and demanded a secular constitution. The Ganatantri Dal called for an independent foreign policy and opposed the League's pro-west stance. The party manifesto included the demand for the abolition of feudalism without any compensation, the release of political prisoners, secession from the Commonwealth, nationalization of jute trade, equal rights for women and minorities in social, political and economic spheres, and abolition of visa system between Pakistan and India.
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Battle of Garibpur The Battle of Garibpur was fought between Pakistan and Mukti Bahini on 20–21 November 1971. The Indian Armed Forces joined the Mukti Bahini on 3 December 1971, creating the alliance named Mitro Bahini. The battle was a part of Bangladesh liberation war.
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1971 in Bangladesh The Bangladesh Liberation War breaks out between East Pakistan and West Pakistan, the 2 sudivisions of Pakistan postBritish India. Lasting for nine months, the entire Liberation War ended with the surrender of (West) Pakistan's military to the Bangladesh-India Allied Forces at Dacca on 16 December 1971. The formal establishment of the independent nation of Bangladesh was on same day.
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Bangladeshis Bangladeshis (Bengali: বাংলাদেশী ] ) are the citizens of Bangladesh. The country is named after the historical region of Bengal, of which it constitutes the largest and eastern segment. Bangladeshi citizenship was formed in 1971, when the permanent residents of the former East Pakistan were transformed into citizens of a new republic. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous nation.
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Burunga massacre Burunga massacre (Bengali: বুরুঙ্গা হত্যাকান্ড ) was a massacre of the Hindu population of Burunga and nearby villages on the Burunga High School grounds, in the district of Sylhet by the Pakistani army on 26 May 1971.
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Rash Behari Bose Rash Behari Bose (   ; Bengali: রাসবিহারী বসু "Rashbihari Boshu"; 25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was a revolutionary leader against the British Raj in India and was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and later, the Indian National Army.
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East Pakistan Central Peace Committee East Pakistan Central Peace Committee (Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান কেন্দ্রীয় শান্তি কমিটি ; Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان مرکزی امن کمیٹی‎ ), also known as the Nagorik Shanti Committee (Citizen's Peace Committee), or more commonly Peace Committee or Shanti Committee, was one of several committees formed in East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) in 1971 by the Pakistan Army to aid its efforts in crushing the rebellion for Bangladesh independence. Nurul Amin, as a leader of Pakistan Democratic Party, led the formation of the Shanti Committee to thwart the Mukti Bahini who fought for the independence of Bangladesh.