Which German mathematicianwho contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics is the namesake of the Gauss-Seidel method in linear algebra?
ece3721161da70cb5f5ee0fbd9723df5
Gauss–Seidel method In numerical linear algebra, the Gauss–Seidel method, also known as the Liebmann method or the method of successive displacement, is an iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations. It is named after the German mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel, and is similar to the Jacobi method. Though it can be applied to any matrix with non-zero elements on the diagonals, convergence is only guaranteed if the matrix is either diagonally dominant, or symmetric and positive definite. It was only mentioned in a private letter from Gauss to his student Gerling in 1823. A publication was not delivered before 1874 by Seidel.
208487cc6d1b79ccfb433e3faa11ec19
Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.
f577ee313b084708ad25a81a077b84e6
Gerhard Geise Gerhard Paul Geise (January 2, 1930; Stendal – April 11, 2010; Dresden) was a German mathematician and professor of pure mathematics.
6110262573959bb3738f0d61f851c810
Erich Kamke Erich Kamke (August 18, 1890 – September 28, 1961) was a German mathematician, who specialized in the theory of differential equations. Also, his book on set theory became a standard introduction to the field.
083a15620b6f310f537877b2b6704833
Wilhelm Ackermann Wilhelm Friedrich Ackermann (29 March 1896 – 24 December 1962) was a German mathematician best known for the Ackermann function, an important example in the theory of computation.
82e47eab3ca0ca296008fe56cd472403
Gauss map In differential geometry, the Gauss map (named after Carl F. Gauss) maps a surface in Euclidean space R to the unit sphere "S". Namely, given a surface "X" lying in R, the Gauss map is a continuous map "N": "X" → "S" such that "N"("p") is a unit vector orthogonal to "X" at "p", namely the normal vector to "X" at "p".
440ad2f6068e1744f6d9a424a601fccd
Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn Nicolaas Govert (Dick) de Bruijn (] ; 9 July 1918 – 17 February 2012) was a Dutch mathematician, noted for his many contributions in the fields of analysis, number theory, combinatorics and logic.
dea35dfa4e7378df5df2e53a484db058
Eduard Stiefel Eduard L. Stiefel (21 April 1909 – 25 November 1978) was a Swiss mathematician. Together with Cornelius Lanczos and Magnus Hestenes, he invented the conjugate gradient method, and gave what is now understood to be a partial construction of the Stiefel–Whitney classes of a real vector bundle, thus co-founding the study of characteristic classes.
470a7ebd7c6f539577339a2f73c9d766
Felix Gantmacher Felix Ruvimovich Gantmacher (Russian: Феликс Рувимович Гантмахер ) (23 February 1908 – 16 May 1964) was a Soviet mathematician, professor at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, well known for his contributions in mechanics, linear algebra and Lie group theory. In 1925–1926 he participated in seminar guided by Nikolai Chebotaryov in Odessa and wrote his first research paper in 1926.
d3243e6d1b3f25a832d9fc6b9292eeb3
List of things named after Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician.
877e80c1df546a9586b9c83d2d7bb4bd
Magnus expansion In mathematics and physics, the Magnus expansion, named after Wilhelm Magnus (1907–1990), provides an exponential representation of the solution of a first order homogeneous linear differential equation for a linear operator. In particular it furnishes the fundamental matrix of a system of linear ordinary differential equations of order n with varying coefficients. The exponent is aggregated as an infinite series whose terms involve multiple integrals and nested commutators.
b0749eddfb8f63773b951a46292896f6
Karl Schwarzschild Karl Schwarzschild (] ; October 9, 1873 – May 11, 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer. He was also the father of astrophysicist Martin Schwarzschild.
dfea2dfccb9580b31b2ed8e1ac95f356
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (] ; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability.
81fa8a18da07cc445b2ad573e6d98885
Modified Richardson iteration Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Richardson in his work dated 1910. It is similar to the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel method.
2f698b95c0689bfe1e5764ed8a3c91ab
Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (] ; (Between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the "Parlement" of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of differential calculus, then unknown, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for his Fermat's principle for light propagation and his Fermat's Last Theorem in number theory, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' "Arithmetica".
03d659c6799c1fbc3511b75bbd2cb6dc
David Hilbert David Hilbert (] ; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician. He is recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry. He also formulated the theory of Hilbert spaces, one of the foundations of functional analysis.
8b0005dd933bf89d5faf481ffb5c49a2
Frobenius method In mathematics, the Method of Frobenius, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, is a way to find an infinite series solution for a second-order ordinary differential equation of the form
ba94d411672070d25b15f160b9f03145
Karl Menger Karl Menger (January 13, 1902 – October 5, 1985) was an Austrian-American mathematician. He was the son of the economist Carl Menger. He is credited with Menger's theorem. He worked on mathematics of algebras, algebra of geometries, curve and dimension theory, etc. Moreover, he contributed to game theory and social sciences.
205353ac2d350fa72fe3f844960f2d89
Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method In mathematics, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (or Fehlberg method) is an algorithm in numerical analysis for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. It was developed by the German mathematician Erwin Fehlberg and is based on the large class of Runge–Kutta methods.
576c1c2c996ec8b30dc7c84674bb77b7
Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ] ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899) was a Norwegian mathematician. He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations.
4d4d3d90a21a96249b7c244a7f890326
Emil Artin Emil Artin (] ; March 3, 1898 – December 20, 1962) was an Austrian mathematician of Armenian descent. Artin was one of the leading mathematicians of the twentieth century. He is best known for his work on algebraic number theory, contributing largely to class field theory and a new construction of L-functions. He also contributed to the pure theories of rings, groups and fields.
c1e1828656b0d7db1965745a0a024efd
Richard S. Varga Richard Steven Varga ( ; born October 9, 1928) is an American mathematician who specializes in numerical analysis and linear algebra. He is currently an Emeritus University Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Kent State University and an adjunct Professor at Case Western Reserve University. Varga is known for his contributions to many areas of mathematics, including matrix analysis, complex analysis, approximation theory, and scientific computation. He is the author of the classic textbook "Matrix Iterative Analysis". Varga has been the Editor-in-Chief of the journal "Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis" (ETNA).