Who was the king of Spain during Ferdinand III's second year as Holy Roman Emperor?
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Dukedom of Amalfi The Duke of Amalfi is a Spanish ducal title first created in 1639 by King Philip IV for Prince Ottavio Piccolomini, a Holy Roman Imperial Army Field Marshal.
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Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 – 2 April 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. He was the last emperor to have real power over the Holy Roman Empire.
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Francis, Duke of Cádiz Francisco de Asís María Fernando de Borbón, sometimes anglicised Francis of Assisi (13 May 1822 – 17 April 1902), was the husband of Queen Isabella II of Spain and king consort from 1846 to 1868. He is commonly styled Duke of Cádiz, the title he held before his marriage. Francis was the son of Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain and Princess Luisa Carlotta of Naples and Sicily.
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Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (Vienna, 29 July 1818 – Gross Seelowitz (Židlochovice Castle), 20 November 1874) was the second son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1771–1847) and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg, and the maternal grandfather of King Alfonso XIII of Spain.
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Ferdinand II of Portugal "Dom" Ferdinand II (Portuguese: "Fernando II") (29 October 1816 – 15 December 1885) was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, and King of Portugal "jure uxoris" as the husband of Queen Maria II, from the birth of their son in 1837 to her death in 1853.
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George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; German: "Georg II. August" ; 30 October / 9 November 1683  – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death.
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Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria (6 July 187210 June 1954) was a daughter of the last King of Bavaria, Ludwig III, and his wife, Maria Theresia of Austria-Este. Her husband, Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria, became the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies on 26 May 1934, thus she was titular queen consort of the Two Sicilies.
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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programmes. He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother, Leopold II.
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Monarchy of Spain The Monarchy of Spain (Spanish: "Monarquía de España" ), constitutionally referred to as the Crown ("la Corona"), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain. It used to be also called the "Hispanic Monarchy" ("Monarquía Hispánica").
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Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolín (31 January 1818 – 13 January 1861), was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos VI after his father's renouncement in 1845, when he took the title of "Conde de Montemolín" (Count of Montemolín).
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Frederick William III of Prussia Frederick William III (German: "Friedrich Wilhelm III" ) (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He ruled Prussia during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars and the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Steering a careful course between France and her enemies, after a major military defeat in 1806, he eventually and reluctantly joined the coalition against Napoleon in the "Befreiungskriege". Following Napoleon's defeat he was King of Prussia during the Congress of Vienna which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches, to homogenize their liturgy, their organization and even their architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of churches.
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Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary Joseph Anton Johann, Archduke of Austria (German: "Erzherzog Joseph Anton Johann Baptist von Österreich-Toscana, a.k.a. Joseph Anton Johann von Österreich" , Hungarian: "Habsburg-Toscanai József Antal János főherceg, a.k.a. József nádor" , Czech: "Josef Habsbursko-Lotrinský" , 9 March 1776, Florence – 13 January 1847, Buda), was the Palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847. He was the seventh son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain.
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Ferdinand of Majorca Ferdinand of Majorca (Catalan: "Ferran de Mallorca" ; 1278, Perpignan – 5 July 1316, Glarentza) was an "infante" of the Kingdom of Majorca as the third son of King James II. He was Viscount of Aumelas and Lord of Frontignan from 1311 and Prince of Achaea and Morea from 1315.
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Luís I of Portugal Dom Luís I (31 October 1838 in Lisbon  – 19 October 1889 in Cascais) was a member of the House of Braganza, and King of Portugal and the Algarves from 1861 to 1889. The second son of Maria II and Ferdinand II, he acceded to the throne upon the death of his brother Pedro.
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Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria Joseph Ferdinand Leopold of Bavaria (28 October 1692 – 6 February 1699) was the son of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1679–1705, 1714–1726) and his first wife, Maria Antonia of Austria, daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, maternal granddaughter of King Felipe IV of Spain.
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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (German: "Franz" ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria, ruling from 1804 to 1835, so later he was named the one and only "Doppelkaiser" (double emperor) in history.
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Bianca Maria Sforza Bianca Maria Sforza (5 April 1472 – 31 December 1510) was a Queen of the Romans and Holy Roman Empress as the second spouse of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest legitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, by his second wife, Bona of Savoy.
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Ramon de Vilana Perlas Ramon Frederic de Vilana-Perlas (Oliana, Urgell, Spain 1663 - Vienna, Austria, June 5, 1741) was a notable Spanish nobleman of Catalan descent who became a man of the utmost confidence of the Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor during the War of the Spanish Succession and the following years, working in favor of the Spanish exiles in the court of Vienna.
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Alfonso V of Aragon Alfonso the Magnanimous KG (also Alphonso; Catalan: Alfons ; 1396 – 27 June 1458) was the King of Aragon (as Alfonso V), Valencia (as Alfonso III), Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica (as Alfonso II), Sicily (as Alfonso I) and Count of Barcelona (as Alfonso IV) from 1416, and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death. He was one of the most prominent figures of the early Renaissance and a knight of the Order of the Dragon.
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Archduke Eugen of Austria Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria of Austria-Teschen (21 May 1863 – 30 December 1954) was an Archduke of Austria and a Prince of Hungary and Bohemia. He was the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from the Habsburg dynasty.
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Maria Josepha of Bavaria Maria Josepha of Bavaria (Marie Josephe Antonie Walburga Felicitas Regula, 20 March 173928 May 1767) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Romans, Archduchess of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc. by her marriage to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. By birth, she was a Princess and Duchess of Bavaria as the daughter of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Elector of Bavaria, and Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.
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Elisabeth Farnese Elisabeth Farnese (Italian: "Elisabetta Farnese", Spanish: "Isabel de Farnesio"; 25 October 1692 – 11 July 1766) was Queen of Spain by marriage to King Philip V. She exerted great influence over Spain's foreign policy and was the "de facto" ruler of Spain from 1714 until 1746. From 1759 until 1760, she governed as regent.