What organization created the Kuznetsov NK-25 engine for the strike bomber used during the Cold War and still remains in service with the Russian Air Force today?
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Kuznetsov NK-25 The Kuznetsov NK-25 is a turbofan aircraft engine used in the Tupolev Tu-22M strategic bomber. It can equal the NK-321 engine as one of the most powerful supersonic engines in service today. It is rated at 245 kN (50,000 lbf) thrust. The three shaft engine we call the NK-25 was designed in the years 1972-1974. It was superior to many other engines because of its improved fuel economy. It is made by the Soviet Kuznetsov Design Bureau.
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Tupolev Tu-22M The Tupolev Tu-22M (Russian: Туполев Ту-22М; NATO reporting name: Backfire) is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing, long-range strategic and maritime strike bomber developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau. According to some sources, the bomber was believed to be designated Tu-26 at one time. During the Cold War, the Tu-22M was operated by the Soviet Air Force (VVS) in a strategic bombing role, and by the Soviet Naval Aviation ("Aviacija Vojenno-Morskogo Flota", AVMF) in a long-range maritime anti-shipping role. Significant numbers remain in service with the Russian Air Force, and as of 2014 more than 100 Tu-22Ms are in use.
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Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian: Вооружённые Си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции , "Vooruzhonnije Síly Rossíyskoj Federátsii" ) are the military service of the Russian Federation, established after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 7 May 1992, Boris Yeltsin signed a presidential decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Defence and placing all Soviet Armed Forces troops on the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under Russian control. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is the President of Russia. The Russian Armed Forces were formed in 1992.
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Aviation Division An Aviation Division (Russian: авиационная дивизия ) was a type of formation of the Military Air Forces of the Red Army during the Second World War, the Soviet Air Forces, Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) and Aviation of the Military Naval Fleet, and since 1991 remain major formations within the Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation.
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T-80 The T-80 is a third-generation main battle tank (MBT) designed and manufactured in the Soviet Union. When it entered service in 1976, it was the first MBT in the world to feature a powerful multifuel turbine engine as its main propulsion engine. The T-80U was last produced in a factory in Omsk, Russia, while the T-80UD and further-developed T-84 continue to be produced in Ukraine. The T-80 and its variants are in service in Belarus, Cyprus, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, and Ukraine. The chief designer of the T-80 was the Russian engineer Nikolay Popov.
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Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant JSC Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant or IEMZ Kupol for short (Russian: Ижевский электромеханический завод «Купол» ) is a Soviet/Russian military R&D enterprise founded in 1957. It is located in Izhevsk (3 Pesochnaya str).
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Kuznetsov NK-32 The Kuznetsov NK-32 is an afterburning 3-spool low bypass turbofan jet engine which powers the Tupolev Tu-160 supersonic bomber, and was fitted to the later model Tupolev Tu-144LL supersonic transport. It is the largest and most powerful engine ever fitted on a combat aircraft. It produces 245 kN of thrust in maximum afterburner.
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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-15 ; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) was a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of the first successful jet fighters to incorporate swept wings to achieve high transonic speeds. In combat over Korea, it outclassed straight-winged jet day fighters, which were largely relegated to ground-attack roles, and was quickly countered by the similar American swept-wing North American F-86 Sabre. The MiG-15 is often mentioned, along with the F-86 Sabre, as the best fighter aircraft of the Korean War.
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Yakovlev Yak-9 The Yakovlev Yak-9 was a single-engine fighter aircraft used by the Soviet Union in World War II and after. Fundamentally a lighter development of the Yak-7 with the same armament, it arrived at the front at the end of 1942. The Yak-9 had a lowered rear fuselage decking and all-around vision canopy. Its lighter airframe gave the new fighter a flexibility that previous models had lacked. The Yak-9 was the most mass-produced Soviet fighter of all time. It remained in production from 1942 to 1948, with 16,769 built (14,579 during the war). Towards the end of the war, the Yak-9 was the first Soviet aircraft to shoot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet.
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NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment of Russia, China, and, historically, the former Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manner in place of the original designations, which either may have been unknown to the Western world at the time or easily confused codes. For example, the Russian bomber jet Tupolev Tu-160 is simply called Blackjack.
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Oko Oko (Russian: Око meaning "Eye" in old Russian), is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. As of December 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
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Alexander Mikulin Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Мику́лин ) (February 14 (O.S. February 2), 1895, Vladimir – May 13, 1985, Moscow) was a Soviet aircraft engine designer and chief designer in the Mikulin OKB. His achievements include the first Soviet liquid-cooled aircraft piston engine, the Mikulin AM-34, and the Mikulin AM-3 turbojet engine for the Soviet Union's first jet airliner, the Tupolev Tu-104. Mikulin also took part in the Tsar Tank project.
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Ilyushin Il-1 The Ilyushin Il-1 (Cyrillic Илью́шин Ил-1) was a Soviet fighter aircraft developed during World War II by the Ilyushin design bureau. It was designed in 1943 as an armored fighter for use at low and medium altitudes against the latest German fighters, but by the time it made its first flight in 1944, the Soviets had already achieved air superiority and it was therefore redundant. Only one example was built, but the parallel two-seat attack version led to the successful Ilyushin Il-10.
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Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА) , "Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA)", frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА) , "Krasnaya armiya (KA)", in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and after 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution (Red October or Bolshevik Revolution). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in December 1991.
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Tupolev Tu-2 The Tupolev Tu-2 (development names ANT-58 and 103; NATO reporting name Bat) was a twin-engine Soviet high-speed daylight and frontline (SDB and FB) bomber aircraft of World War II vintage. The Tu-2 was tailored to meet a requirement for a high-speed bomber or dive-bomber, with a large internal bombload, and speed similar to that of a single-seat fighter. Designed to challenge the German Junkers Ju 88, the Tu-2 proved comparable, and was produced in torpedo, interceptor and reconnaissance versions. The Tu-2 was one of the outstanding combat aircraft of World War II and it played a key role in the Red Army's final offensives.
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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-9 , USAF/DoD designation: Type 1, NATO reporting name: Fargo) was the first turbojet fighter developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich in the years immediately after World War II. It used reverse-engineered German BMW 003 engines. Categorized as a first-generation jet fighter, it was moderately successful, but suffered from persistent problems with engine flameouts when firing its guns at high altitudes due to gun gas ingestion. A number of different armament configurations were tested, but nothing solved the problem. Several different engines were evaluated, but none were flown as the prototype of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 promised superior performance.
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Grigorovich TB-5 Grigorovich TB-5 (Russian: Григорович ТБ-5 ) was an experimental heavy bomber designed and tested in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s. Designed as a competitor for TB-3, TB-5 was intended to be powered by two FED 24-cylinder X engines of 746 kW (1,000 hp) each. When these were canceled, the underwing pods were revised to each house a pair of Bristol Jupiter engines in a push-pull configuration. Despite projected performance inferior to TB-3, it was hoped that TB-5 would gain an advantage by using less metal (in short supply at the time) thanks to its mixed construction of fabric-covered metal frame.
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United Engine Corporation United Engine Corporation (Russian: Объединённая двигателестроительная корпорация ) is a Russian state-owned company responsible for production of engines for military and civil aviation and space exploration programs. It manufactures power turbines for electricity and heat generation, gas compressor units and marine gas-turbine units.
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Soloviev D-25 The Soloviev D-25V is a Soviet gas-turbine turboshaft engine for use in large helicopters. Designed and originally manufactured by the Soloviev Design Bureau the engine has been in production since May 1960. The power unit consists of two engines coupled to a gearbox weighing 3,200 kg (7,050 lb).
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Yakovlev Yak-4 The Yakovlev Yak-4 (Service names Yak-4, BB-22bis ("Blizhnij Bombardirivschik", "short-range bomber")) was a Soviet light bomber used during World War II. It was developed from the Ya-22/Yak-2.
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Mikoyan MiG-41 The Mikoyan MiG-41 is an interceptor aircraft reported to be in development for the Russian Air Force by Mikoyan intended as a replacement for the aging MiG-31. According to the Russian defense analyst Vasily Kashin, the MiG-41 would be considered as a 5++ or 6th generation project.
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S-13 rocket The S-13 is a 122 mm calibre unguided rocket weapon developed by the Soviet Air Force for use by military aircraft. It remains in service with the Russian Air Force and some other countries.