Who is the protagonist  of Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel "The Scarlet Letter" who may have been inspired by a settler in colonial Boston who was brought to trial after the death of her child?
9fc8296d7522fc98cbb448b140c58914
Elizabeth Pain Elizabeth Pain (c. 1652 – 26 November 1704), sometimes spelled Elizabeth Paine or Elisabeth Payne, was a settler in colonial Boston who was brought to trial after the death of her child. She was acquitted of the murder charge but found guilty of negligence, fined, and flogged. According to some writers and by popular tradition, aspects of Pain's life and her gravestone are considered an inspiration for the life and grave of character Hester Prynne in the novel "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
1632c933a4256b39e22d0aba2627c734
Hester Prynne Hester Prynne is the protagonist of Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel "The Scarlet Letter". She is portrayed as a woman condemned by her Puritan neighbors. The character has been called "among the first and most important female protagonists in American literature".
10174f8541631dcd507b074cef2afa08
Mayflower The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown. This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community. There was a second ship named "Mayflower" that made the London to Plymouth, Massachusetts voyage several times.
aa135ff40611103896972eaeb1c8b213
Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor. The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution. The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773.
bb6affa90d2220c3376ae898f80a3034
Mourt's Relation The booklet Mourt's Relation (full title: A Relation or Journal of the Beginning and Proceedings of the English Plantation Settled at Plimoth in New England) was written primarily by Edward Winslow, although William Bradford appears to have written most of the first section. It was written between November 1620 and November 1621 and describes in detail what happened from the landing of the "Mayflower" Pilgrims on Cape Cod in Provincetown Harbor through their exploring and eventual settling of Plymouth Colony. The book describes their relations with the surrounding Native Americans, up to what is commonly called the first Thanksgiving and the arrival of the ship "Fortune" in November 1621. "Mourt's Relation" was first published and sold by John Bellamy in London in 1622. This significant tract has often been erroneously cited as "by George Morton, sometimes called George Mourt" (hence the title "Mourt's Relation").
667165984b57277fec10e7c06d708318
Abigail Merwin Abigail Merwin (1759–1786) was a young lady in colonial era Connecticut who, in an action similar to the celebrated call to arms by Paul Revere, alerted American forces of the approach of British forces. She was a descendant of Miles Merwin (1623-1697) one of the early residents of Milford and for whom Merwins Point and Merwins Pond in Milford, Connecticut are named .
86101ec40645de433f3b8d4f5537bf65
Fear Brewster Fear Allerton née Brewster (c. 1606 - before December 12, 1634) was a woman in Colonial America. She was the third daughter of "Mayflower" Pilgrim William Brewster and his wife Mary, born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. Her early years, and indeed her whole life, were full of unrest. In 1608 she moved, along with the other pilgrims, to Amsterdam (and later Leiden).
4daa240682118042f6b9b64619afbe88
Deodat Lawson Reverend Deodat Lawson was the minister of Salem Village from 1684 to 1688. He believed that several members of his family may have previously died there under "the malicious operations of the infernal powers". After hearing about the Salem witch trials in 1692, he returned in March of that year to find out what was happening. His courtroom observations from March and April were recorded in a 10-page pamphlet entitled "A Brief and True Narrative of Some Remarkable Passages Relating to Sundry Persons Afflicted by Witchcraft, at Salem Village" and published by Benjamin Harris of Boston, Massachusetts.
2ed32a31125c1740744e25a897add4ff
Tryphena Sparks Tryphena Sparks (20 March 1851 - 17 March 1890), born in Puddletown, Dorset, the youngest child of James and Maria Sparks, was Thomas Hardy's cousin and possible lover, when she was 16 and he was 26. Hardy's mother suggested that Tryphena was not actually his cousin but his niece and he was thus prevented from marrying her. There are also suggestions that she had Hardy's child, a son called Randolph. The relationship ended when Hardy became engaged to Emma Gifford. She is considered by John Fowles an "important figure in both his emotional and imaginative life" and author Nicholas Hillyard considers that the affair is important in relation to Hardy's start as a novelist and poet.
d5ab576a04b142d8aaa00b7a83c12930
Lil Hawthorne Lil Hawthorne (1877–1926) was an American-born British stage beauty, music hall performer and pantomime Principal Boy who was involved in bringing Dr. Crippen to justice.
0a283b5f04aa7512fd98c1838fbd56ec
John Winthrop John Winthrop (12 January 1587/88 – 26 March 1649) was an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England, following Plymouth Colony. Winthrop led the first large wave of immigrants from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years. His writings and vision of the colony as a Puritan "city upon a hill" dominated New England colonial development, influencing the governments and religions of neighboring colonies.
bd294e307b4970b275c289a041a92d58
Edward Hutchinson (mercer) Edward Hutchinson (c. 1564 - 1632) was a mercer and a resident of Lincolnshire, England, most noted for the careers of his children in New England. While his father and several of his uncles and brothers became prominent as clergymen, aldermen, sheriffs, and mayors in the city of Lincoln, Edward focused his efforts on his business after moving to the town of Alford. Remarkably, not a single record for him has been found in Alford, other than his burial and the baptisms of his 11 children, but he likely gained a considerable estate, and his children married into prominent families. What was most exceptional about Edward Hutchinson occurred following his 1632 death. Beginning in 1634, five of his nine surviving children and his widow immigrated to New England, and all six of them were exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a result of the events of the Antinomian Controversy from 1636 to 1638. From Boston two of his children went south and became founding settlers of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and three of them, with his widow, went north to establish Exeter in the Province of New Hampshire, and then proceeded to Wells, Maine. Because of their involvement in the controversy, his children had a disproportionately large role in the establishment of these new settlements in New England.
9e2d568e11fc2d960a8e69880f2bf209
Anne Greene Anne Greene (born 1628, hanged 1650, died 1665) was an English domestic servant who was accused of committing infanticide in 1650.
bd6f50b14e3c5d30a88b40013e855520
Hannah Duston Hannah Duston (Dustin, Dustan, and Durstan) (born Hannah Emerson, December 23, 1657 – c. 1737) was a colonial Massachusetts Puritan mother of nine who was taken captive by Abenaki people from Québec during King William's War, with her newborn daughter, during the Raid on Haverhill in 1697, in which 27 colonists were killed. While detained on an island in the Merrimack River in present-day Boscawen, New Hampshire, she killed and scalped ten of the Native family members holding them hostage, with the assistance of two other captives.
b6748c8bcf7d84c416ab19ee94437749
When She Woke When She Woke is the second novel by American author Hillary Jordan, published in October 2011. It has been translated into French, Spanish, Turkish, German, Portuguese and Chinese. The novel is a dystopian reimagining of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter", set in a future theocratic America where rather than being imprisoned and rehabilitated, criminals are punished by being "chromed" – having their skin color genetically altered to fit their crime – and released into the general population to survive as best they can.
213d92a05c9705800f25bbafc0973237
Abby May Abigail "Abba" Alcott (née May; October 8, 1800 – November 25, 1877) May was an activist for several causes and one of the first paid social workers in the state of Massachusetts. She was the wife of Transcendentalist Amos Bronson Alcott and mother of four daughters, including Civil War novelist Louisa May Alcott.
f3da1267b205a2752475aa9a93956f6b
Agnes Prest Agnes Prest (died 15 August 1557) was an English Protestant martyr from the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary. She was burned at the stake at Southernhay in Exeter in 1557. According to "Foxe's Book of Martyrs", and the story of Exeter Protestant Martyrs she lived near Launceston, Cornwall, and was married to a Catholic husband. She left her husband over his Catholicism, and went to be a spinner but she later on returned to him and was arrested and indicted at the Launceston Assizes. She was then put in Launceston jail and then transferred to Exeter jail. In Exeter prison, she was brought before the Bishop of Exeter, bishop Turbeville. When questioned, she denied the Catholic doctrine of Transubstantiation. She was then released for a month. Whilst she was released, she is said to have met a Dutch stonemason in Exeter Cathedral who was repairing the statues of the saints beloved of the Catholics. According to Foxe, she said to him "What a madman art thou, to make them new noses, which within a few days shall all lose their heads". After that point she was returned to jail where she had many visitors, including Walter Raleigh's mother, Catherine Raleigh who praised her for her 'Godly life'. She was then tried for heresy by the Mayor of Exeter, refused to recant her beliefs and was executed by being burnt to death on the 15th August 1557..
56723b24dbdf6eae804a735f7c4a484e
Eunice Kanenstenhawi Williams Eunice Williams, also known as Marguerite Kanenstenhawi Arosen, (17 September 1696 – 26 November 1785) was an English colonist taken captive by French and Mohawk warriors as a seven-year-old girl from Deerfield, Massachusetts in 1704. Taken to Canada with more than 100 other captives, she was adopted by a Catholic Mohawk family at Kahnawake and became fully assimilated into the tribe. She was baptized Catholic under the name Marguerite and named "A'ongonte" meaning "she has been planted as a person." She married François-Xavier Arosen, a Mohawk man, had a family with him, and chose to stay with the Mohawk for the rest of her life. Although never returning to Massachusetts to live permanently, she did meet her American family several times for extended visits. Her father, the Puritan minister John Williams and her brother Samuel made continuing efforts to ransom and to persuade her to return to Massachusetts. Hers was one of the more famous Indian captivity stories.
7826b7493fe6f3042ebb404e133385e9
The House of the Seven Gables The House of the Seven Gables is a Gothic novel written beginning in mid-1850 by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne and published in April 1851 by Ticknor and Fields of Boston. The novel follows a New England family and their ancestral home. In the book, Hawthorne explores themes of guilt, retribution, and atonement and colors the tale with suggestions of the supernatural and witchcraft. The setting for the book was inspired by a gabled house in Salem belonging to Hawthorne's cousin Susanna Ingersoll and by ancestors of Hawthorne who had played a part in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. The book was well received upon publication and later had a strong influence on the work of H. P. Lovecraft. "The House of the Seven Gables" has been adapted several times to film and television.
c8c1e3f4543f5a5885ab9cb73bfe6321
Love Brewster Elder Love Brewster (born ca. 1611) was an early American settler, the son of Elder William Brewster and his wife, Mary Brewster. He traveled with his father, mother and brother, Wrestling, on the "Mayflower" reaching what became the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. Brewster had two sisters, Patience and Fear, and two brothers, Jonathan and Wrestling, along with an unnamed sister who died young. He was a founder of the town of Bridgewater, Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
2d881992c11bd3691e51a274cd4f7444
Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne ( ; born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer.
c7c77d07b8a940ae1491c7392dcf5300
Eleanor Dare Eleanor Dare (née White; c.1568 – after August 18, 1587) of Westminster, London, England, was a member of the Roanoke Colony and the daughter of John White, the colony's governor. While little is known about her life, more is known about her than most of the sixteen other women who left England in 1587 as part of the Roanoke expedition. She married Ananias Dare, a London tiler and bricklayer. It is known that she gave birth to Virginia Dare, the first child of English parents born in North America, on August 18, 1587, shortly after their arrival, and that, along with everyone else in the "Lost Colony", she disappeared while her father went to get supplies back in England.