Which natively spoken language in Kazakhstan was originally a Low Prussian dialect of East Low German, with Dutch influence ?
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Languages of Kazakhstan The official languages of Kazakhstan are Kazakh with 5,290,000 speakers around the country and Russian which is spoken by 6,230,000 people. Both Kazakh and Russian are used on equal grounds. German (958,000 speakers), Tajiki, Tatar (328,000 speakers), Turkish, Ukrainian (898,000 speakers), Uyghur (300,000 speakers), and Uzbek are officially recognized by the 1997 Language Law, No. 151-1. Other languages natively spoken in Kazakhstan are Dungan, Ili Turki, Ingush, Plautdietsch, and Sinte Romani.
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Plautdietsch language Plautdietsch or Mennonite Low German, was originally a Low Prussian dialect of East Low German, with Dutch influence, that developed in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia. The term "Plautdietsch" literally translates to 'Low German', "plaut" meaning 'flat' (referring to the plains of northern Germany), and the term "Dietsch" originally meaning "of the Tribe", and referring to all the continental West Germanic peoples and their languages (i.e. Low German, Dutch, High German). In other Low German dialects, the word for Low German is usually realised as "Plattdütsch" or "Plattdütsk" , but the spelling "Plautdietsch" is used to refer specifically to the Vistula variant of the language.
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Ancient Belgian language Ancient Belgian is a hypothetical extinct Indo-European language, spoken in Belgica (northern Gaul) in late prehistory. It is often identified with the hypothetical Nordwestblock. While it remains a matter of controversy, the linguist Maurits Gysseling — who himself attributed the term to SJ De Laet — hypothesised a Belgian that was distinct from the later Celtic and Germanic languages. According to the theory, which was further elaborated by Hans Kuhn and others, traces of Belgian can be found in certain toponyms such as South-East-Flemish Bevere, Eine, Mater and Melden.
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Preußisch Preußisch is the German language adjective for "Prussian".
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Swabian German Swabian (   ) is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German. It is spoken in Swabia, which covers much of the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, including its capital, Stuttgart. It is also spoken in the rural area known as the Swabian Alb, and in the southwest of Bavarian Swabia. Swabian is also nominally spoken by the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania and by the Caucasus Germans.
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Bulgarians in Kazakhstan Bulgarians in Kazakhstan (Bulgarian: Българи в Казахстан ; Kazakh: Қазақстандағы болгарлар ; Russian: Болгары в Казахстане ) are an ethnic minority in Kazakhstan, and make up a small percentage of the population.
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Fergana Kipchak language Fergana Kipchak, also Kuman, Qomanian, or Kipchak Uzbek, is an extinct Turkic language formerly spoken in the Fergana Valley in Central Asia. It split from East Kipchak in the middle of the 8th century (the South Altay language likely split earlier). Other East Kipchak dialects gave rise to the modern Kyrgyz language. In some regions of Fergana Province the features of Kipchak are seen, especially in phonetics. These regions (uzbek tuman) are Baghdad, Buvayda, Uchko'prik, and some parts of neighboring regions. Many idioms spoken in Uzbekistan that are now considered part of the Kyrgyz language are actually Fergana Kipchak dialects. According to the E. D. Polivanov, the Fergana Kipchak language existed as a separate idiom as late as in the 1920s. According to A. N. Samoilovich's latest research, some descendants of Fergana Kipchaks identify themselves as a separate ethnic group independent from the Uzbeks, Kazakhs or the Kyrgyz, although closely related to the latter.
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Germany–Kazakhstan relations Diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Kazakhstan were established in 1991 after Kazakhstan gained independence from the former Soviet Union. Ethnic Germans and ethnic Kazakhs have a shared history dating back to World War II when ethnic Germans living in the Volga region of Russia were relocated or imprisoned in the eastern steppe of the Soviet Union in what is today the territory of Kazakhstan. At the collapse of the former Soviet Union, about one million ethnic Germans lived in Kazakhstan.
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Asians in Germany Asians in Germany or German Asians (German: Deutsch-Asiaten ) are German citizens of full or partial Asian descent. The term "Asian German" is also applied to foreign residents of Asian origin living in the Federal Republic of Germany. German Asians have been present in Germany in small numbers since the 19th century and originate primarily from countries like Vietnam, China, Thailand, India, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Japan or the Philippines. Although Germany's official census data doesn't collect specific data on ethnicity or race, the number of people with an Asian "migrant background" is listed in statistical reports. As of 2011, there were approximately 1,890,000 people in Germany who descended from inhabitants of Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia or South Asia. These numbers do not include Western Asians such as Turks, Jews, Arabs or Iranians, however, they contain certain groups like Afghans or ethnic Russians from Central Asian countries the latter who are not specifically "Asian" by culture.
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Lithuania Lithuania ( , Lithuanian: "Lietuva" ] ), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: "Lietuvos Respublika" ), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.8 million people as of 2017 , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
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West Polesian microlanguage The West Polesian microlanguage, (Native name: Заходышнополіська волода, "Zakhodyshnopoliska voloda"; Ukrainian: Західнополіська мікромова , "Zakhidnopolis'ka mikromova", Belarusian: Заходнепалеская мікрамова , "Zakhodniepalieskaya mikramova") or dialect is spoken in Southwestern Belarus, in Northwestern Ukraine and in the bordering regions of Poland. It is also considered a Slavic microlanguage, in effect a transitional language between the Ukrainian and the Belarusian.
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Bengali dialects The dialects of the Bengali language (বাংলা উপভাষাসমূহ) are part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group of the Indo-European language family. Barisalian or Borishali (Barisal Division), Noakhalian (Noakhali District), Rangpuri (Rangpur Region), Khulnaiya (Khulna region), Mymensinghi (Mymensingh region), Sylheti (Sylhet region) and Chittagonian (Chittagong region) are major spoken dialects in Bangladesh. Although these languages are mutually intelligible with neighbouring dialects of Bengali, they sometimes lack mutual intelligibility with the Standard Bengali language and sometimes would not be understood by a native speaker of Standard Bengali. This is mainly the case for only Sylheti and Chittagonian. Hence, sometimes these dialects are sometimes considered languages in their own right.
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Banat Bulgarian dialect The Banat Bulgarian (Banat Bulgarian: "Palćena balgarsćija jázić" or "Banátsća balgarsćija jázić"; Bulgarian: банатски български език, "Banatski balgarski ezik" ; German: "Banater Bulgarische Sprache" ; Hungarian: "Bánsági bolgár nyelv" ; Romanian: "Limba bulgarilor bănăţeni" ; Serbian: Банатски бугарски језик, "Banatski bugarski jezik" ) is the outermost dialect of the Bulgarian language with standardized writing and an old literary tradition. It is spoken by the Banat Bulgarians in the Banat region, in Romania and Serbia. Officially, it is spoken by 8,000 people (1,658 in Serbia, and 6,500 in Romania), though other estimates give numbers up to 15,000.
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Alsatian dialect Alsatian (Alsatian and Alemannic German: "Elsässerditsch" ("Alsatian German"); French: "Alsacien" ; German: "Elsässisch" or "Elsässerdeutsch ") is a Low Alemannic German dialect spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681. A dialect of Alsatian German is spoken in the United States by the so-called Swiss Amish, whose ancestors emigrated there in the middle of the 19th century. The approximately 7,000 speakers are located mainly in Allen County, Indiana, with "daughter settlements" elsewhere.
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Ottoman Turkish language Ottoman Turkish , or the Ottoman language (‎ , "Lisân-ı Osmânî" , also known as تركجه‎ , "Türkçe" or تركی‎ , "Türkî" , "Turkish"), is the variety of the Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire. It borrows, in all aspects, extensively from Arabic and Persian, and it was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. During the peak of Ottoman power, Persian and Arabic vocabulary accounted for up to 88% of its vocabulary, while words of Arabic origins heavily outnumbered native Turkish words.
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West Frisian language West Frisian, or simply Frisian ("Frysk"; Dutch: "Fries" ] ) is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ("Fryslân") in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the three Frisian languages.
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Women in Kazakhstan Women in Kazakhstan are women who live in or are from Kazakhstan. Their position in society has been and is influenced by a variety of factors, including local traditions and customs, decades of Soviet regime, rapid social and economic changes and instability after independence, and new emerging Western values.
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Lower Sorbian language Lower Sorbian ("Dolnoserbski" ) is a Slavic minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia, today part of Brandenburg. It is one of the two literary Sorbian languages, the other being Upper Sorbian.
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Lezgian language Lezgian , also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan, northern Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakistan, Turkey, Germany and etc. Lezgian is a literary language and an official language of Dagestan. It is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
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Khitan people The Khitan or Kitan people (Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐱃𐰪, "Kītań"; ,  "Khejtan"), also known as the Khitai (<a href="Khitan%20language">Khitan</a>: , , "Khitai") or Kidan (<a href="Standard%20Mandarin">Modern Mandarin Chinese</a>: "Qìdān"; <a href="Mongolian%20language">Mongolian</a>: Кидан , "Kidan"; <a href="Hangul">Hangul</a>: 거란 , "Kuran"), were a <a href="nomad">nomad</a>ic people from <a href="Northeast%20Asia">Northeast Asia who from the 4th century inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern <a href="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="Northeast%20China">Northeast China</a> and the <a href="Russian%20Far%20East">Russian Far East. They spoke the Khitan language, which is related to the Mongolic languages. As the Liao dynasty, they dominated a vast area north of and including parts of China, but left few relics that have survived until today.
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Central German Central German (German: "Mitteldeutsche Dialekte" ) is a group of High German dialects spoken from the Rhineland in the west to the former eastern territories of Germany.
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Uradhi language Urradhi is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, and is apparently extinct. It was spoken by the Urradhi people. Urradhi proper is the south-western dialect of the language. The name is composed of "urra" "this" and the proprietive "dhi" "having". The south-eastern dialect of the same language, Wudhadhi, is made of the same elements, "wudha" being "this". These are part of a group of closely related and highly mutually intelligible dialects, these being Angkamuthi to the north of Urradhi, Atampaya inland from these, Utudhanamu inland north from Atampaya, Yantaykenu further north, being the language of the Bamaga area, Yadhaykenu on the east coast north of Wudhadhi, and Yaraytyana further north again. (Adyinuri/Itinadyana may have been another.) This group has no common language name, though Urradhi is commonly used as a cover name. It is unknown when it became extinct.