Abraham Bankier was one of the owners of the Rekord factory that was taken over by a German Industrialist, spy, and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving how many Jews during the Holocaust?
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Abraham Bankier Abraham Bankier (1910-1956) was one of the owners of the "Rekord" factory on Lipowa street in Cracow, Poland, that Oskar Schindler took over during World War II. Schindler then hired Bankier to manage the factory, which was renamed "Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik Oskar Schindler", "Emalia" for short. Bankier was able to leverage black market dealings with extra scrap metal to bring additional Jews to work at the factory, thereby giving them a reprieve and ultimately saving many lives.
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Oskar Schindler Oskar Schindler (28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist, spy, and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories, which were located in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. He is the subject of the 1982 novel "Schindler's Ark" and its 1993 film adaptation, "Schindler's List", which reflected his life as an opportunist initially motivated by profit, who came to show extraordinary initiative, tenacity, and dedication to save the lives of his Jewish employees.
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Gisi Fleischmann Gisi Fleischmann (1894 – 18 October 1944) was a Zionist activist and co-leader of one of the best known Holocaust era Jewish rescue group: the Bratislava Working Group. Mrs. Fleischmann was murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The Working Group's other co-leader was Rabbi Michael Ber Weissmandl. Thanks to the efforts of the Working Group, which bribed German and Slovakian officials and paid negotiated ransom to the Germans, the mass deportation of Slovakian Jews was delayed for two years, from 1942 to 1944.
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Oswald Bosko Oswald Bosko was an Austrian from Vienna who became a sergeant in the German Army stationed at the Jewish ghetto of Kraków. He supported Julius Madritsch in rescuing Jews during World War II. Bosko was posthumously honored by the State of Israel as a Righteous Among the Nations, meaning a non-Jew who risked his life during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.
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Rudolf Vrba Rudolf "Rudi" Vrba (11 September 1924 – 27 March 2006) was a Slovak-Jewish biochemist who, as a teenger in 1942, was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland. He became known for having escaped from the camp in April 1944, at the height of the Holocaust, and for co-writing a detailed report about the mass murder that was taking place there. Distribution of the report is credited with having halted the mass deportation of Hungary's Jews to Auschwitz in July 1944, saving over 200,000 lives. After the war Vrba became a noted biochemist in England and Canada.
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Heinz Drossel Heinz Drossel (21 September 1916 – 28 April 2008) was a German lieutenant in World War II who was named one of the Righteous Among the Nations, shared with his parents, for helping Jews escape persecution. He was the son of Paul and Elfriede Drossel, anti-Nazis and shared their political philosophy, refusing to join the Nazi Party. Drafted in November 1939, Drossel served in the Battle of France before serving on the Eastern Front for the rest of the war.
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Thomas Elek Thomas Elek, also known as Tamás Elek and KERPAL (born 7 December 1924, Budapest - d. 21 Feb 1944, Paris) was one of the members of the French resistance executed at the fort of Mont Valérien as a member of the Manouchian Group, a volunteer of the French liberation army FTP-MOI. His name was one of the ten featured on the "Affiche Rouge", displayed on thousands of copies by the Germans citywide after the trial of the 23 captured members of the Manouchian group. His photograph was displayed with the caption "Elek Juif Hongrois 8 déraillements" (Elek, Hungarian Jew, 8 derailments).
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Haavara Haavara "(Transfer)" Ltd. was a company founded as a result of the Haavara Agreement made during the Nazi regime's control over Germany. The company facilitated the emigration of approximately 50,000 Jews from Germany to Palestine.
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Père Marie-Benoît Père Marie-Benoît (Anglicized, Father Mary Benedict; in Italian, known as Padre Maria Benedetto; 30 March 1895 – 5 February 1990), born Pierre Péteul, was a Capuchin Franciscan friar who helped smuggle approximately 4,000 Jews into safety from Nazi-occupied Southern France. On 1 December 1966, he was honored with the Medal of the Righteous among the Nations for his courage and self-sacrifice. His actions to save Jews during the Holocaust were the reason for his epithet "Father of the Jews" (French: "Père des juifs" ).
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History of the Jews in Austria The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation. Over the course of many centuries, the political status of the community rose and fell many times: during certain periods, the Jewish community prospered and enjoyed political equality, and during other periods it suffered pogroms, deportations to concentration camps and mass murder, and antisemitism. The Holocaust drastically reduced the Jewish community in Austria and only 8,140 Jews remained in Austria according to the 2001 census, but other estimates place the current figure at 9,000, 15,000 and 20,000 people.
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Joel Brand Joel Brand (25 April 1906 – 13 July 1964) was a leading member, in the 1940s, of Budapest's Aid and Rescue Committee, which smuggled Jews out of German-occupied Europe to the relative safety of Hungary during the Holocaust. After Germany invaded Hungary in March 1944, Brand became known for his efforts to save the country's Jews from deportation to the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-controlled Poland.
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Hermann Schaper "SS-Hauptsturmführer" Hermann Schaper (born 12 August 1911 at Strassburg im Elsass; deceased), was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany (card number 3484) and the German member of the NSDAP (No. 105606) during the Second World War. He was a Holocaust perpetrator responsible for atrocities committed by the "Einsatzgruppen" in German occupied Poland and the Soviet Union and was convicted after the war of numerous war crimes.
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Wir Juden Wir Juden ("We Jews") is a 1934 book by German rabbi Joachim Prinz that concerns Hitler's rise to power as a demonstration of the defeat of liberalism and assimilation as a solution for the "Jewish Question", and advocated a Zionist alternative to save German Jews. The book urged German Jews where his own family had lived for generations. Prinz himself was expelled in 1937, travelling to the US where he became a leader of the American Jewish community and the Civil Rights movement.
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Marvin Tokayer Marvin Tokayer (born 1936) is an American Rabbi and author. Tokayer was a United States Air Force chaplain in Japan. He was then advised to go to Japan as the only rabbi by the Lubavitcher Rebbe. He then became rabbi to the Jewish community of Japan for eight years. He has written 20 books in Japanese. He has researched the history of the Jews in China and Japan and the role that the Japanese played in helping victims of the Holocaust. In the 2010s, he has collaborated with Kenneth X. Robbins in editing studies of expatriate communities in Asia. He praises General Hideki Tojo and General Kiichiro Higuchi who saved 20,000 Jews who were sending back to Germany by the USSR, and are disappointed at the fact that this history is not known. <ref>　<ref>
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The Holocaust in Ukraine The Holocaust in Ukraine took place during the occupation of Ukraine by Nazi Germany. Between 1941 and 1945, approximately 3,000,000 Ukrainian and other non-Jewish victims were killed as part of Nazi extermination policies, along with approximately 1,600,000 Jews. An additional 3,000,000 inhabitants of Ukraine died as soldiers of the Soviet army or indirectly as a consequence of World War II.
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Operation Reinhard Operation Reinhard or Operation Reinhardt (German: "Aktion Reinhard "or" Aktion Reinhardt "also" Einsatz Reinhard "or" Einsatz Reinhardt" ) was the codename given to the secretive German Nazi plan to massacre the majority of Polish Jews in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland, during World War II. The operation marked the deadliest phase of the Holocaust and the introduction of extermination camps.
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Zvi Zimmerman Zvi Henryk Zimmerman (Hebrew: צבי הנריק צימרמן‎ ‎ , born 2 January 1913, died 10 June 2006) was a Zionist activist, jurist, and Israeli politician. He is also known for his cooperation with Henryk Sławik to save Jews during the Holocaust.
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Erich Bauer Erich Bauer (March 26, 1900 – February 4, 1980), sometimes referred to as "Gasmeister", was a low-level commander in the SS of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator. He participated in Action T4 program and later in Operation Reinhard, serving as a gas chamber operator at Sobibór extermination camp.
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The Holocaust in Lithuania The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Lithuania resulted in the near total destruction of Lithuanian Jews (Litvaks), living in "Generalbezirk Litauen" of Reichskommissariat Ostland within the Nazi-controlled Lithuanian SSR. Out of approximately 208,000-210,000 Jews, an estimated 190,000–195,000 were murdered before the end of World War II (wider estimates are sometimes published), most between June and December 1941. More than 95% of Lithuania's Jewish population was massacred over the three-year German occupation — a more complete destruction than befell any other country affected by the Holocaust. Historians attribute this to the massive collaboration in the genocide by the non-Jewish local paramilitaries, though the reasons for this collaboration are still debated. The Holocaust resulted in the largest-ever loss of life in so short a period of time in the history of Lithuania.
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Maria von Maltzan Maria Helene Françoise Izabel Gräfin von Maltzan, Freiin zu Wartenberg und Penzlin (March 25, 1909 – November 12, 1997) was an aristocrat who, as part of the German Resistance against Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, saved the lives of many Jewish people in Berlin.
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Rudolf Robert Rudolf Robert (11 February 1922 – 1997) was a German-Jewish survivor of the holocaust and a Gabbai of the Jewish community of Berlin.
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Factory community The factory community ("German: "Betriebsgemeinschaft" ") comprised the owner, management and work force in businesses and companies in Nazi Germany in accordance with the leader principle ("Führerprinzip "). The owner/manager was called “factory leader” while the employees were considered to be followers ("Gefolgschaft "). In order to promote a climate of mutual trust and understanding a Council of Trust had to be established under the Labour organization law. This council was elected from a list of candidates set up by the factory leader and the German Labour Front overseer ("Betriebsobmann "). In accordance with Nazi ideology, foreigners and members of minorities considered unworthy of trust, could not be part of the factory community.