Who has been dubbed the "father of optics",  Ibn al-Haytham or Ibn Yunus?
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Ibn al-Haytham Ibn al-Haytham (also known by the Latinization Alhazen or Alhacen, full name "Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham " أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم  ) was a Muslim scientist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. Ibn al-Haytham made significant contributions to the principles of optics, astronomy, mathematics and visual perception. He has been dubbed the "father of optics".
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Ibn Yunus Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi al-Misri (Arabic: ابن يونس) (c. 950-1009) was an important Egyptian Muslim astronomer and mathematician, whose works are noted for being ahead of their time, having been based on meticulous calculations and attention to detail.
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Hunayn ibn Ishaq Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (also Hunain or Hunein) (Syriac: ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ‎ , Arabic: أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي‎ ‎ ; ’Abū Zayd Ḥunayn ibn ’Isḥāq al-‘Ibādī ; Latin: "Iohannitius" ) (809 – 873) was a famous and influential Nestorian Christian scholar, physician, and a scientist from Mesopotamia, what is now Iraq. He and his students transmitted their Syriac and Arabic translations of many classical Greek texts throughout the Islāmic world, during the apex of the Islamic Abbasid Caliphate.
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Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Mufarraj bin Ani al-Khalil, better known as Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Ibn al-Rumiya or al-Ashshab, (Arabic: أبو العباس النباتي‎ ‎ , "Abu’l-ʿAbbās al-Nabātī")  (c. 1200) was an Andalusian scientist, botanist, pharmacist and theologian. He is noted for introducing the experimental scientific method in the area of materia medica. His techniques such as separating verified and unverified reports led to the development of the field of pharmacology. He was a teacher of fellow Andalusian botanist Ibn al-Baitar.
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Al-Rabi' ibn Yunus Al-Rabī’ ibn Yūnus ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Abī Farwa (ca. 730 – 785/6) was a freedman who became one of the leading ministers of the early Abbasid Caliphate, serving under the caliphs al-Mansur (ruled 754–775), al-Mahdi (r. 775–785) and al-Hadi (r. 785–786).
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Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani Abū al-Wafāʾ, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ismāʿīl ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Būzjānī or Abū al-Wafā Būzhjānī (Persian: ابوالوفا بوزجانی or بوژگانی‎ ‎ ) (10 June 940 – 15 July 998) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer who worked in Baghdad. He made important innovations in spherical trigonometry, and his work on arithmetics for businessmen contains the first instance of using negative numbers in a medieval Islamic text.
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Nicolas Fatio de Duillier Nicolas Fatio de Duillier {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (also spelled Faccio or Facio; 16 February 1664 – 12 May 1753) was a Swiss-born mathematician, natural philosopher, and inventor. He spent much of his adult life in England and Holland. Fatio is known for his work on the zodiacal light problem in astronomy, for originating the "push" or "shadow" theory of gravitation, for his close association with both Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton, and for his role in the Newton v. Leibniz calculus controversy. He also invented and developed the first method for fabricating jewel bearings for mechanical watches and clocks.
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A. I. Sabra Abdelhamid I. Sabra (1924-2013) was a professor of the history of science specializing in the history of optics and science in medieval Islam. He died December 18, 2013. Sabra provided English translation and commentary for Books I-III of Ibn al-Haytham's seven book "Kitab al-Manazir" ("Book of Optics"), written in Arabic in the 11th century.
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Ali Qushji Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, "kuşçu" – falconer in Turkish; Latin: "Ali Kushgii") was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472. As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, "Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy". In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.
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Abu Nasr Mansur Abu Nasri Mansur ibn Ali ibn Iraq (Persian: ابو نصر منصور بن علی بن عراق‎ ‎ ; c. 960 – 1036) was a Persian Muslim mathematician. He is well known for his work with the spherical sine law.
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Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi (Arabic: تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي, Turkish: "Takiyüddin" or "Taki") (1526–1585) was a Ottoman era polymath active in Istanbul. He was the author of more than ninety books on a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, clocks, engineering, mathematics, mechanics, optics and natural philosophy.
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Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari (died 796 or 806) was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer and mathematician.
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Edward Linfoot Edward Hubert Linfoot was a British mathematician, primarily known for his work on optics, but also noted for his work in pure mathematics.
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Yunus (surah) Sūrat Yūnus (Arabic: سورة يونس‎ ‎ , Jonah) is the 10th chapter ("surah") of the Qur'an with 109 verses. It is a Meccan surah. It is named after the prophet Jonah.
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Al-Nayrizi Abū’l-‘Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nairīzī (Arabic: أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي‎ ‎ , Latin: "Anaritius, Nazirius" , 865–922) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer from Nayriz, Fars Province, Iran.
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Ibn Ishaq Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār ibn Khiyār (] ; according to some sources, ibn Khabbār, or Kūmān, or Kūtān, Arabic: محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار بن خيار‎ ‎ , or simply ibn Isḥaq, ابن إسحاق, meaning "the son of Isaac"; died 767 or 761) was an Arab Muslim historian and hagiographer. Ibn Ishaq collected oral traditions that formed the basis of an important biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Said al-Andalusi Ṣāʿid al‐Andalusī (1029–1070) was an Andalusi Muslim Qadi. He was born at Almería and died at Toledo. Said Al-Andalusi was a historian, philosopher of science and thought, and mathematical scientist with a special interest in astronomy. As an acclaimed Qadi in the functionary court at Toledo, he assembled a well-educated group of young, precision instrument makers, astronomers and scientists, the most renowned of whom was Al-Zarqali. He was the author of the treatise "Rectification of Planetary Motions and Exposition of Observers' Errors" and contributed to the Tables of Toledo.
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Alain Afflelou Alain Afflelou is a French optician and businessman, born 1 January 1948 in Mascara, French Algeria, to a father working in trade. He is the founder of his eponymous brand for optics. After having lived in Geneva and Paris, he was living between Paris and Biarritz before settling in London.
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Johann II Bernoulli Johann II Bernoulli (18 May 1710, Basel – 17 July 1790, Basel; also known as Jean) was the youngest of the three sons of Johann Bernoulli. He studied law and mathematics, and, after travelling in France, was for five years professor of eloquence in the university of his native city. In 1736 he was awarded the prize of the French Academy for his suggestive studies of aether. On the death of his father he succeeded him as professor of mathematics in the University of Basel. He was thrice a successful competitor for the prizes of the Academy of Sciences of Paris. His prize subjects were the capstan, the propagation of light, and the magnet. He enjoyed the friendship of P. L. M. de Maupertuis, who died under his roof while on his way to Berlin. He himself died in 1790. His two sons, Johann and Jakob, are the last noted mathematicians of the Bernoulli family.
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Ibn al-Kammad Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn al‐Kammad (died 1195) was a Muslim astronomer born in Seville, Al-Andalus. He is known to have been educated in Cordoba by the students of Al-Zarqali. His works such as "al Kawr ala al dawr, al Amad ala al abad", and "al Muqtabas", which is a compilation of the two previous Zij, made him famous not only on the Iberian peninsula but across North Africa, and specifically Tunisia, where the astronomer Ibn Ishaq al Tunisi wrote commentaries on his works.
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Roger Joseph Boscovich Roger Joseph Boscovich (Croatian: "Ruđer Josip Bošković" , ] , Italian: "Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich" , Latin: "Rodericus Iosephus Boscovicus" ; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a Ragusan physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the city of Dubrovnik (modern-day Croatia), who studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works. He was nicknamed "the Croatian Leibniz" by Werner Heisenberg.
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Jabir ibn Aflah Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ (Arabic: أبو محمد جابر بن أفلح‎ ‎ , Latin: "Geber/Gebir" ; 1100–1150) was a Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work "Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi" (Correction of the "Almagest") influenced Islamic, Jewish and Christian astronomers.