What type of leaden does Gertrude of Brunswick and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor have in common?
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Gertrude of Brunswick Gertrud of Brunswick (German: "Gertrud von Braunschweig" ;  1060 – 9 December 1117), was Countess of Katlenburg by marriage to Dietrich II, Count of Katlenburg, Margravine of Frisia by marriage to Henry, Margrave of Frisia, and Margravine of Meissen by marriage to margrave Henry I. She served as regent of the County of Katlenburg during the minority of her son Dietrich III of Katlenburg, and as regent of the County of Northeim during the minority of her son Otto III of Northeim. She was also one of the leaders of the insurrections against Emperor Henry IV and his son Henry V.
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Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V (German: "Heinrich V." ; 11 August 1081/86 – 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1099 to 1125) and Holy Roman Emperor (from 1111 to 1125), the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. Henry's reign coincided with the final phase of the great Investiture Controversy, which had pitted pope against emperor. By the settlement of the Concordat of Worms, he surrendered to the demands of the second generation of Gregorian reformers.
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Henry I, Margrave of Austria Henry I (German: "Heinrich" , died 23 June 1018), known as Henry the Strong (German: "Heinrich der Starke" ), was the Margrave of Austria from 994 to his death in 1018. He was a member of the House of Babenberg.
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Conrad of Saxony Conrad of Saxony, also called Conradus Saxo, Conrad of Brunswick or Conradus Holyinger, was a Friar Minor and ascetical writer.
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John Henry, Margrave of Moravia John Henry of Luxembourg (Czech: "Jan Jindřich" , German: "Johann Heinrich" ; 12 February 1322 – 12 November 1375), a member of the House of Luxembourg, was Count of Tyrol from 1335 to 1341 and Margrave of Moravia from 1349 until his death.
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Henry the Fowler Henry the Fowler (German: "Heinrich der Finkler" or "Heinrich der Vogler "; Latin: "Henricus Auceps" ) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and the elected king of East Francia (Germany) from 919 until his death in 936. As the first non-Frankish king, he established the Ottonian Dynasty of kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler" because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king. By his death in July 936 Henry had prevented collapse of royal power, as had happened in West Francia, and left a much stronger kingdom to his successor Otto I. Henry died on 2 July 936 in his royal palace in Memleben, one of his favourite places. He was buried at Quedlinburg Abbey, established by his wife Matilda in his honor.
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Empress Matilda Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.
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Electorate of Mainz The Electorate of Mainz (German: "Kurfürstentum Mainz" or "Kurmainz ", Latin: "Electoratus Moguntinus" ), also known in English by its French name, Mayence , was the most prestigious and among the most influential states of the Holy Roman Empire from its creation to the dissolution of the HRE in the early years of the 19th century. In the Roman Catholic hierarchy, the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz was the Primate of Germany ("primas Germaniae "), a purely honorary dignity that was unsuccessfully claimed from time to time by other Archbishops. There were only two other ecclesiastical Prince-electors in the Empire: the Electorate of Cologne and the Electorate of Trier.
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Henry the Friendly Henry of Austria, known as Henry the Friendly (15 May 1299-3 February 1327) was the son of King Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol.
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Conrad III of Germany Conrad III (1093 – 15 February 1152) was the first King of Germany of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. He was the son of Duke Frederick I of Swabia and Agnes, a daughter of the Salian Emperor Henry IV.
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George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; German: "Georg II. August" ; 30 October / 9 November 1683  – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death.
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Henry of Speyer Henry of Speyer (German: "Heinrich von Speyer" , also "Heinrich von Worms";  970 – 989/992), a member of the Salian dynasty, was count in the Rhenish Franconian "Wormsgau". He was the father of Emperor Conrad II.
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Matilda of Hesse Mathilde of Hesse (4 July 1473 in Blankenstein – 19 February 1505 in Cologne) was the daughter of Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse (1441-1483) and his wife Anna of Katzenelnbogen (1443-1494).
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Frederick V of the Palatinate Frederick V (German: "Friedrich V." ; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both roles, and the brevity of his reign in Bohemia earned him the derisive nickname of "the Winter King" (Czech: "Zimní král"; German: "Winterkönig").
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Maria Josepha of Bavaria Maria Josepha of Bavaria (Marie Josephe Antonie Walburga Felicitas Regula, 20 March 173928 May 1767) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Romans, Archduchess of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc. by her marriage to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. By birth, she was a Princess and Duchess of Bavaria as the daughter of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Elector of Bavaria, and Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.
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Christian V, Count of Oldenburg Christian V, Count of Oldenburg (sometimes called "Christian VI";  1342 – after 6 April 1399) was the ruling count of Oldenburg from 1368 until 1398. He was born sometime before 1347 to Count Conrad I of Oldenburg and Ingeborg of Brunswick. After his father died in 1368, he ruled Oldenburg jointly with his elder brother Conrad II, and after Conrad II's deaths in 1386, with the latter's son, Maurice II.
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Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg Henry VI (  1240 – 5 June 1288) was count of Luxembourg and Arlon from the death of his father, Henry V the Blond in 1281 until his own death at the battle of Worringen, seven years later, when he was succeeded by his son, Henry VII.
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John of Viktring John of Viktring (German: "Johann von Viktring" , Slovene: "Janez Vetrinjski" , Latin: "Iohannis abbatis Victorensis" ;  1270 12 November 1347) was a late medieval chronicler and political advisor to Duke Henry of Carinthia.
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Kingdom of Germany The Kingdom of Germany or German Kingdom (Latin: "Regnum Teutonicum" , "Teutonic Kingdom"; German: "Deutsches Reich" ) developed out of the eastern half of the former Carolingian Empire. Like Anglo-Saxon England and medieval France, it began as "a conglomerate, an assemblage of a number of once separate and independent... "gentes" [peoples] and "regna" [kingdoms]." East Francia ("Ostfrankenreich") was formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, and was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911, after which the kingship was elective. The initial electors were the rulers of the stem duchies, who generally chose one of their own. After 962, when Otto I was crowned emperor, the kingdom formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire, which also included Italy (after 951), Bohemia (after 1004) and Burgundy (after 1032).
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Gertrude of Austria Gertrude of Austria (also named "Gertrude of Babenberg") (1226 – 24 April 1288) was a member of the House of Babenberg, Duchess of Mödling and later titular Duchess of Austria and Styria. She was the niece of Duke Frederick II of Austria, the last male member of the Babenberg dynasty. She was, according to the Privilegium Minus the first in line to inherit the Duchies of Austria and Styria after the death of childless Frederick, but these claims were disputed by her aunt Margaret.
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Battle of Mühlberg The Battle of Mühlberg was a large battle at Mühlberg in the Electorate of Saxony in 1547, during the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic princes of the Holy Roman Empire led by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V decisively defeated the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League of Protestant princes under the command of Elector John Frederick I of Saxony and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse.
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William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg Duke William Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (15 March 1564 in Harburg – 30 March 1642 in Harburg) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg.