What type of steel was used in mid–20th century developments and was a Raphael S. Soriano specialty?
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Raphael Soriano Raphael S. Soriano, FAIA, (August 1, 1904 – July 21, 1988) was an architect and educator, who helped define a period of 20th-century architecture that came to be known as Mid-century modern. He pioneered the use of modular prefabricated steel and aluminum structures in residential and commercial design and construction.
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Mid-century modern Mid-century modern is a term that describes mid–20th century developments in interior, product, and graphic design, architecture, and urban development from roughly 1933 to 1965. The term, employed as a style descriptor as early as the mid-1950s, was reaffirmed in 1983 by Cara Greenberg in the title of her book, "Mid-Century Modern: Furniture of the 1950s" (Random House), celebrating the style that is now recognized by scholars and museums worldwide as a significant design movement.
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Sacred Steel (musical tradition) Sacred Steel is a musical style and African-American gospel tradition that developed in a group of related Pentecostal churches in the 1930s.
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Harvey armor Harvey armor was a type of steel armor developed in the early 1890s in which the front surfaces of the plates were case hardened. The method for doing this was known as the Harvey process.
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Ivan Bardin Ivan Pavlovich Bardin (Russian: Иван Павлович Бардин) (1883–1960) was a Soviet metallurgist and active participant in solving the main engineering issues of the domestic ferrous metallurgical industry. He was also an Academician of USSR AS (1932), vice-president of USSR AS (from 1942), Hero of Socialist Labor (1945), and winner of the Lenin (1958) and State prizes (1942, 1949). His scientific interests were designing new powerful completely mechanized steel works; creating advanced typical metallurgical aggregates; intensifying metallurgical processes, especially by means of oxygen; elaborating and introducing the basic oxygen process; and assimilation and multi-purpose utilization of new kinds of metallurgical raw materials.
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Reinforced thermoplastic pipe Reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) is a generic term referring to a reliable high strength synthetic fibre (such as glass, aramid or carbon), initially developed in the early 1990s by Wavin Repox, Akzo Nobel and by Tubes d'Aquitaine from France, who developed the first pipes reinforced with synthetic fibre to replace medium pressure steel pipes in response to growing demand for non-corrosive conduits for application in the onshore oil and gas industry, particularly in the Middle East.
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SAE 904L stainless steel SAE 904L grade stainless steel is a fully austenic low-carbon variety of stainless steel with additives of molybdenum and copper. Its high nickel and chromium content make it corrosion resistant in both oxidizing and reducing environments. The copper and molybdenum help to make it resistant to pitting as well as crevice corrosion. The nickel content makes it resistant to chloride SCC and the low proportion of carbon makes it resistant to intergranular corrosion. It is considered especially well-suited to handling sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, though at high temperatures it may be subject to stress corrosion cracking. 904L stainless steel is also known as UNS N08904, WNR 1.4539, KS STS 317J5L, BS 904S13,WERKSTOFF NR. 1.4539, SUS 904l, EN X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5,SS2562 and DIN 17440.
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Structural steel Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.
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Hispano-Suiza HS.820 The HS.820 was a 20 mm autocannon developed by Hispano-Suiza primarily for aircraft use, but more widely used in a series of ground-based anti-aircraft guns. After Oerlikon purchased Hispano's armaments division in 1970 the HS.820 became the Oerlikon KAD, supplanting Oerlikon's own KAA and KAB weapons in the process.
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Steel (pusher) Steel is a Finnish pusher vessel owned and operated by ESL Shipping. It is part of the "Finnpusku" integrated tug and barge system developed in the 1980s by Finnlines, a Finnish shipping company that also managed the vessel until 2003, in co-operation with Rautaruukki for the transportation needs of the steel company. The vessel, built by Hollming in Rauma, Finland, as Finn, was delivered on 28 April 1987 and has since been used mainly to supply raw materials to the Raahe Steel Works.
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41xx steel 41xx steel is a family of SAE steel grades, as specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Alloying elements include chromium and molybdenum, and as a result these materials are often informally referred to as chromoly steel (common variant stylings include "chrome-moly", "cro-moly", "CrMo", "CRMO", "CR-MOLY", and similar). They have an excellent strength to weight ratio and are considerably stronger and harder than standard 1020 steel, but are not easily welded (requiring thermal treatment both before after welding to avoid cold cracking).
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Sialon SiAlON ceramics are a specialist class of high-temperature refractory materials, with high strength (including at high temperature), good thermal shock resistance and exceptional resistance to wetting or corrosion by molten non-ferrous metals, compared to other refractory materials such as, for example, alumina. A typical use is with handling of molten aluminium. They also are exceptionally corrosion resistant and hence are also used in the chemical industry. Sialons also have high wear resistance, low thermal expansion and good oxidation resistance up to above ~1000 °C. They were invented by Kenneth Henderson Jack in 1984.
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Ferrite (magnet) A ferrite is a type of ceramic compound composed of iron(III) oxide (FeO) combined chemically with one or more additional metallic elements. They are both electrically nonconductive and ferrimagnetic, meaning they can be magnetized or attracted to a magnet. Ferrites can be divided into two families based on their magnetic coercivity, their resistance to being demagnetized. "Hard ferrites" have high coercivity, hence they are difficult to demagnetize. They are used to make magnets, for devices such as refrigerator magnets, loudspeakers and small electric motors. "Soft ferrites" have low coercivity. They are used in the electronics industry to make ferrite cores for inductors and transformers, and in various microwave components. Ferrite compounds have extremely low cost, being made of iron oxide (i.e. rusted iron), and also have excellent corrosion resistance. They are very stable and difficult to demagnetize, and can be made with both high and low coercive forces. Yogoro Kato and Takeshi Takei of the Tokyo Institute of Technology synthesized the first ferrite compounds in 1930.
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International Steel Company International Steel Company was a steel company in Evansville, Indiana that created the Landing Ship, Tank (LST) warships for World War II. There are historical tours of the  in dock on the Ohio River in Evansville. The current remaining division of International Steel Co. is called International Revolving Door in Evansville, Indiana.
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O'Neal Steel O'Neal Steel, Inc., based in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, is the nation's largest privately owned full-line metals service center. The company was established in 1921 by Kirkman O'Neal, and has evolved from a metal fabricator to a distributor of ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, as well as a source for metal processing and manufacturing of various complex components. Originally focused on serving customers in the Southeastern United States, the company has grown through both expansion and acquisition, and now has more than 80 facilities and offices in North America, Europe, and Asia.
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Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced concrete may also be permanently stressed (in tension), so as to improve the behaviour of the final structure under working loads. In the United States, the most common methods of doing this are known as pre-tensioning and post-tensioning.
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Centrifuge casting Centrifugal casting, also commonly known as spin casting is typically used for industrial manufacturing of cast parts. It was the work of A. G. Eckhardt in 1809 to develop a patent showing the basic principles involved with the process. Centrifugal casting is one of the few casting processes that can be used both to manufacture metals as well as plastic parts. Parts ranging from belt buckles, medallions, figurines, and souvenirs to "pot metal" gears and machine parts, bushings, and concrete expansion fasteners are usually manufactured using this process. Spin casting or centrifugal casting is considered to be a relatively inexpensive process ranging to a total cost of no more than a $20,000 investment requirement, in comparison to a process such as investment molding that costs a lot more (usually millions). Centrifugal casting is a popular process for the petrochemical market, defense market, and virtually any other market who needs good quality products at a low manufacturing cost.
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Crucible steel Crucible steel is steel made by melting iron and other materials in a crucible. Crucible steel was produced in South and Central Asia during the medieval era. Techniques for production of high quality steel were developed by Benjamin Huntsman in England in the 18th century; however, Huntsman's process used iron and steel as raw materials rather than direct conversion from cast iron as in the Bessemer process. The homogeneous crystal structure of this cast steel improved its strength and hardness compared to preceding forms of steel.
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Caparo Caparo plc is a British company involved mainly in the steel industry, primarily in the design, manufacturing and marketing of steel and niche engineering products.
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Michael Streicher Michael A. Streicher (September 6, 1921 – February 14, 2006) was an American metallurgist and engineer who became internationally recognized for his work on the testing and development of corrosion-resistant stainless steel alloys. He published widely in technical journals and textbooks and received numerous patents for his inventions.
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Italian submarine Berillo Italian submarine "Berillo" was a "Perla"-class submarine built for the Royal Italian Navy ("Regia Marina") during the 1930s. It was named after a gemstone Beryl.
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Continental Steel Corporation The Continental Steel Corporation was United States steel producer from 1927 until 1986. The company was created on June 21, 1927 through the merger of the Kokomo Steel and Wire Company (founded in Kokomo, Indiana in 1901) with the Superior Sheet Steel Company of Canton, Ohio, and the Chapman Price Steel Company of Indianapolis. Among the original eleven directors was John E. Fredrick, who had been an organizer of the Kokomo Fence Machine Company in 1896 and had served on the board of directors of the Kokomo Steel and Wire Company. Fredrick served as first Chairman of the Board of Continental Steel, whose headquarters were established in Kokomo. The Kokomo operations of this corporation, however, continued to employ the Kokomo Steel and Wire name until 1944. Continental Steel was dissolved in 1986, due to bankruptcy.