Under which dynasty did this Persian general serve who used the Black Standard in his uprising leading to the Abbasid Revolution in 747?
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Black Standard The Black Banner or Black Standard (Arabic: راية السوداء‎ ‎ "rāyat as-sawdāʾ", also known as راية العقاب "rāyat al-ʿuqāb" "banner of the eagle" or simply as "ar-rāya " "the banner") is one of the flags flown by Muhammad in Islamic tradition. It was historically used by Abu Muslim in his uprising leading to the Abbasid Revolution in 747 and is therefore associated with the Abbasid Caliphate in particular. It is also a symbol in Islamic eschatology (heralding the advent of the Mahdi).
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Abu Muslim Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani or al-Khurasani (Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني‎ ‎ born 718-19 or 723-27, died in 755), born Vehzādān Pūr-i Vandād Hormoz (Persian: وهزادان پور ونداد هرمزد‎ ‎ ), was a Persian general in service of the Abbasid dynasty, who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty.
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Muhammad ibn al-Qasim Muhammad ibn al-Qasim was an official of the Abbasid Caliphate who served briefly as vizier in July–October 933 under Caliph al-Qahir (r. 932–934). He hailed from a family of Nestorian Christian origin that had served in the caliphal bureaucracy since late Umayyad times, and was the son, grandson, great-grandson and brother of viziers.
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Isfandyadh Isfandyadh (Middle Persian: "Spandiyār") was an Iranian aristocrat from the Ispahbudhan family, who was the ruler of the Sasanian province of Adurbadagan. He was the son of the powerful Sasanian general Farrukhzad, who was the brother of Rostam Farrokhzad and the son of Farrukh Hormizd.
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Siyahchashm Siyahchashm (Persian/Daylami; "Siyāhçašm", literally "black eye"), also known by his "laqab" of Mahdi, was ruler of the Justanids from 919 to 928. He was the son and successor of Khusrau Firuz.
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Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād (Arabic: عبيد الله بن زياد‎ ‎ ; died August 686) was the Umayyad governor of Basra, Kufa and Khurasan during the reigns of caliphs Mu'awiya I and Yazid I, and the leading general of the Umayyad army under caliphs Marwan I and Abd al-Malik. Ubayd Allah is primarily remembered for his dirty role in the shahaadat of members of Ali ibn Abi Talib's family and he is being hated by the Muslims all over the world.
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Kül-chor Kül-chor, known in Arabic sources as Kūrṣūl (كورصول) and identified with the Baga Tarkhan of the Chinese records, was one of the main Turgesh leaders under the "khagan" Suluk. His is chiefly known for his role in the Turgesh wars against the Umayyad Caliphate in Transoxiana, and for being responsible for the murder of Suluk in 738, precipitating the collapse of Turgesh power. After eliminating his rivals, he rose to become "khagan" himself, but soon fell out with his Chinese backers and was defeated and executed in 744. Some Arabic sources, however, record that he was killed by the Arabs in 739.
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Afsharid dynasty The Afsharid dynasty (Persian: افشاریان‎ ‎ ) were members of an Iranian dynasty which originated from the Turkic Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Persia in the mid-eighteenth century. The dynasty was founded in 1736 by the brilliant military commander Nader Shah, who deposed the last member of the Safavid dynasty and proclaimed himself Shah of Iran. During Nader's reign, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, and at its height it controlled modern day Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, parts of the North Caucasus (Dagestan), Afghanistan, Bahrain, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, and parts of Iraq, Turkey, and Oman. After his death, most of his empire was divided between the Zands, Durranis, Georgians, and the Caucasian khanates, while Afsharid rule was confined to a small local state in Khorasan. Finally, the Afsharid dynasty was overthrown by Mohammad Khan Qajar in 1796, who would establish a new native Iranian empire and restore Iranian suzerainty over several of the aforementioned regions.
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Farrukhzad Farrukhzad (Middle Persian: "Farrūkhzādag" ; New Persian: فرخزاد ), was an Iranian aristocrat from the House of Ispahbudhan and the founder of the Bavand dynasty, ruling from 651 to 665. Originally a powerful servant of the Sasanian king Khosrow II (r. 590-628), he, along with several other powerful aristocrats made a conspiracy against the latter and ended his tyrannical rule. They thereafter put Khosrow's son Kavadh II (r. 628) on the throne, whose rule lasted only a few months, before he was killed by a plague, being succeeded by his son Ardashir III (r. 628-629), who was only after one year murdered by the rebellious former Sasanian army chief ("spahbed") Shahrbaraz, who usurped the throne.
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Alqas Mirza Abu'l Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza (Persian: ابوالقاسم قاضی سلطان آل قصبه میرزا‎ ‎ ), better known as Alqas Mirza (آل قصبه میرزا ; b. 15 March 1516 - d. 9 April 1550), was a Safavid prince and the second son of king (shah) Ismail I (r. 1501–1524). In early 1546, with Ottoman help, he staged a revolt against his brother Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), who was king at the time.
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Abbas Gharabaghi Abbas Gharabaghi (1 November 1918 – 14 October 2000) was the last chief of staff of the Iranian armed forces as well as deputy commander-in-chief of the Iranian Imperial Army during the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty.
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Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq Ustajlu, also commonly known as Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu, was a 16th-century Safavid official, diplomat and military leader from the Turkoman Ustajlu tribe. He served as the governor ("beglarbeg") of the Yerevan Province (also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd) in 1568-1575 (1st term) and in 1578-1583 (2nd term).
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Shahrag Shahrag (also spelled Shahrak) was an Iranian aristocrat, who served as the governor of Pars during the Arab invasion of Iran.
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Ahmad Maymandi Abuʾl-Ḥasan al-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn Ḥasan Maymandī (Persian: ابوالحسن القاسم احمد بن حسن میمندی‎ ‎ ; died 31 December 1032), better known as Ahmad Maymandi (احمد میمندی ; also spelled Maimandi), and also known by his honorific title of Shams al-Kufat (شمس الکفاة ; "sun of the capable ones"), was a Persian "vizier" of the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni and the latter's son Mas'ud I of Ghazni.
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Shahqoli Khan Zanganeh Shahqoli Khan Zanganeh (Persian: شاه قلی خان زنگنه‎ ‎ , died 1716), was a Kurdish nobleman, who served as the "vizier" of the Safavid king ("shah") Sultan Husayn (r. 1694–1722) from 1707 to 1716.
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Bahram ibn Mafinna Bahram ibn Mafinna (Persian: بهرام بن مافنه‎ ‎ ), also known as al-'Adil ("the just one") was an Iranian statesman who served as the "vizier" of the Buyid ruler Abu Kalijar from 1025/6 to 1041/2.
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Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Shapur-i Shahrvaraz (Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩𐭩 𐭧𐭱𐭨𐭥𐭥𐭥𐭰 ), also known as Shapur V, was a <a href="Sasanian">Sasanian</a> usurper who reigned for a short time in 630 until he was deposed in favor of <a href="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a>.
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Sharwin I Sharwin I (Persian: شروین) was the fifth ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 772 to 817. He was the son and successor of Surkhab II.
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Ali Mardan Khan Ali Mardan Khan (Persian: علی مردان خان‎ ‎ , Urdu: علی مردان خان‎ ) (died April 1657) was a Kurdish military leader and administrator, serving under the Safavid kings Shah Abbas I and Shah Safi, and later the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan. He was the son of Ganj Ali Khan. After surrendering the city of Qandahar, part of the easternmost territories of the Safavids to the Mughals in 1638, he served with distinction in the Mughal administration, earning the highest honors of the Mughal court.
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Chorpan Tarkhan Chorpan Tarkhan is recorded by Moses of Kalankatuyk as a Khazar general, "bloodthirsty and vile", who invaded and devastated Armenia in April 630 CE. He was most likely an officer in the army of the Western Gokturks led by Böri Shad in the wake of Ziebel's (or Tong Yabghu Khagan's) victory in the Third Persian-Turkic War. Chorpan Tarkhan ambushed and killed a 10,000-strong Persian cavalry force sent by Shahrbaraz to contain the invasion.
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Peroz II Peroz II (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 , <a href="Persian%20language">Persian</a>: پیروز دوم‎ ‎ ), also known as Gushnasp-Bandeh was king of <a href="Persia">Persia</a>. He was son of Mah-Adhur Gushnasp and Kahar-dukht, who was daughter of Yazdandad son of Khosrau I. Peroz II reigned only for a short time until he was killed by Sasanian nobles.
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Bu Halim Shaybani family The Bu Halim Shaybani family (Persian: بو حلیم شیبانی‎ ‎ ), also simply known as the Bu Halim family (بو حلیم), was a family of governors and military commanders from Khorasan, which served the Ghaznavid Empire during the 11th and 12th-century.