The 2011 Sabha clashes featured forces loyal to a Libyan leader who was initially ideologically committed to what principles?
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2011 Sabha clashes The 2011 Sabha clashes were a series of clashes between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the desert oasis city of Sabha and a part of the Libyan Civil War which took place during June 2011.
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Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi ( ;    ;  1942 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977, then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. He was initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, but later came to rule under his own Third International Theory.
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Mustafa Abdul Jalil Mustafa Abdul Jalil (Arabic: مصطفى عبد الجليل‎ ‎ , also transcribed "Abdul-Jelil, Abd-al-Jalil", "Abdel-Jalil", "Abdeljalil" or "Abdu Al Jeleil") (born 1952) is a Libyan politician who was the Chairman of the National Transitional Council from 5 March 2011 until its dissolution on 8 August 2012. This position meant he was "de facto" head of state during a transitional period after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi's government in the Libyan Civil War, and until the handover of power to the General National Congress.
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List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of "Satyagraha" — the resistance of alleged tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon "ahimsa" or total nonviolence — which inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known in India and across the world with the honorific "Mahatma Gandhi" (Sanskrit: महात्मा "mahātmā" — "Great Soul") and as "Bapu" (Gujarati: બાપુ "bāpu" — "Father"). In India, he is recognised as the Father of the Nation by the political class and 2 October, his birthday, is commemorated each year on Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and dry day.
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Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush (Arabic: عبد الحميد البكوش‎ ‎ ) (1933 – 2007) was Prime Minister of Libya from 25 October 1967 to 4 September 1968. After the proclamation of the Jamahiriya by Gaddafi, he went into exile to Egypt and became one of the leaders of the opposition to the Libyan government.He also held the office of Minister of Justice thrice between January 1964 and September 1968.
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Massoud Abdelhafid Massoud Abdelhafid was a prominent Libyan General during the government of Muammar Gaddafi. He held various positions in government following the 1969 coup d'etat of Muammar Gaddafi, including Commander of Military Security, Governor of Southern Libya and Head of Security in Major Cities. He was a key figure in Libya's relations with neighbouring Chad and Sudan. Massoud Abdelhafid was a senior commander in the Libyan Army during the Chadian-Libyan conflict. Known for his leadership of Libyan-backed insurrections and wars in Chad, he was referred to as "Mr Chad".
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Muhammad Osman Said Muhammad Osman Said (October 1922 – 31 December 2007) was a Libyan politician that held many positions in the era of the Kingdom of Libya including the Prime Minister of Libya from 17 October 1960 to 19 March 1963.
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Derna campaign (2014–16) In October 2014, the self-declared Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took control of numerous government buildings, security vehicles and local landmarks in the Eastern Libyan coastal city of Derna. Although some media outlets reported the control as being absolute, rival groups like the al-Qaeda-affiliated Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade continued to control parts of the city. Clashes erupted between ISIL and an alliance of Islamist groups in June 2015, with ISIL retreating from Derna to outlying suburbs the following month. However, clashes continued between the Islamist alliance and the Tobruk-based government forces.
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National Transitional Council The National Transitional Council of Libya (Arabic: المجلس الوطني الإنتقالي‎ ‎ "al-majlis al-waṭanī al-intiqālī " ), sometimes known as the Transitional National Council, was the "de facto" government of Libya for a period during and after the Libyan Civil War, in which rebel forces overthrew the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi. The NTC governed Libya for a period of ten months after the end of the war, holding elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012, and handing power to the newly elected assembly on 8 August.
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Battle of Zliten The Battle of Zliten followed an unsuccessful uprising in Zliten, Libya, during the Libyan Civil War. It began on 21 July 2011 when elements of the National Liberation Army, part of the anti-Gaddafi forces seeking to overthrow the government of Muammar Gaddafi, moved into the city of Zliten after struggling over the course of the past several months to extend the frontline westward from Misrata, the second-largest city in rebel hands.
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Racism in Libya Libya is a predominantly Arab country with a large Berber minority that has traditionally held racist views towards black-skinned, sub-Saharan Africans. The "New York Times" describes Libya as having a "long history of racist violence."
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Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi The foreign relations of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1969–2011) underwent much fluctuation and change. They were marked by severe tension with the West (especially the United States, although relations were normalised in the early 21st century prior to the Libyan Civil War) and by other national policies in the Middle East and Africa, including the Libyan government's financial and military support for numerous paramilitary and rebel groups.
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People's Liberation Army, Nepal People's Liberation Army, Nepal (Nepali: जनमुक्ति सेना, नेपाल ) is the armed wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN(M)). The PLA was founded in 2002, in the midst of the Nepal Civil War initiated by the Maoists in 1996. The chief commander of the PLA during the war was Prachanda (Pushpa Kamal Dahal). On September 12, 2008, Nanda Kishor Pun was appointed new chief commander of the PLA, as Prachanda had become Prime Minister of Nepal. This move was in line with a pledge issued by the CPN(M), issued prior to the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, that their members elected to the Assembly would leave their PLA positions.
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Mansour Dhao Mansour Dhao Ibrahim (Arabic: منصور ضو إبراهيم‎ ‎ ; sometimes spelled Dao or Daw) is a former Libyan politician. He was a prominent figure in the Gaddafi government, serving as Muammar Gaddafi's chief of security until they were both captured. Dhao was the leader of the regime's People's Guard.
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Libyan Civil War (2014–present) The second Libyan Civil War is an ongoing conflict among rival groups seeking control of the territory of Libya. The conflict has been mostly between the government of the House of Representatives (HoR) that was elected democratically in 2014, also known as the "Tobruk government" and internationally recognized as the "Libyan government"; and the rival General National Congress (GNC) endorsed government, also called the "National Salvation Government", based in the capital Tripoli established after Operation Libya Dawn.
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Abdul Rahman Habil Abdurrahman Habil, Ph.D., (Arabic (عبد الرحمن هابيل;) is a lawyer and Libyan politician. He was named Minister of Culture and Civil Society on 22 November 2011 by Abdurrahim El-Keib.
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Salih Rajab al-Mismari Brigadier General Salih Rajab al-Mismari (Arabic: العميد صالح المسماري‎ ‎ ) was a Libyan politician and general in the Libyan army who served as Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya for Public Security during the Gaddafi regime from 2006 to 2011.
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National Association for Change National Association for Change "(Arabic: الجمعية الوطنية للتغيير‎ ‎ )" is a loose grouping of the various Egyptian of all political affiliations and religion, men and women, including representatives of civil society and young people aims to change Egypt. There was general agreement on the need to unite all the voices calling for change within a National Assembly. Mohamed ElBaradei is in-charge of the National Association for Change. The movement aims for general reforms in the political scene and achieving some of those procedures and guarantees necessitates the amendment of articles 76, 77, and 88 of the constitution as soon as possible. Worth mentioning is that the banned political group the Muslim Brotherhood were represented by one of their key figures who attended the meeting however their stand in accepting a non-member of their group as a candidate is yet unclear. It is also unknown whether Amr Moussa the head of the Arab League who met with Elbaradei a day earlier will be part of the new movement. The goal of the group is to bring about political reform based on democracy and social justice.
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Libya Shield Force The Libya Shield Force is an armed organization formed in 2012 out of anti-Gaddafi armed groups spread throughout Libya. The Libyan parliament designated much of the Libya Shield Force as terrorist and elements of the Libya Shield Force were identified as linked to al-Qaeda as early as 2012.
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Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (Arabic: مخابرات الجماهيرية‎ ‎ ) (Intelligence of the Jamahiriya) was the national intelligence service of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi. During the Libyan Civil War, agency director Abuzed Omar Dorda was captured by anti-Gaddafi forces, the agency ceased to exist when the Jamahiriya was toppled in August 2011.
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Abu Habib al-Libi Hasan al-Salahayn Salih al-Sha'ari, known as Abu Habib al-Libi, is a Libyan man who has been a senior Islamic State leader in both Iraq and Libya.
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Freedom Charter The Freedom Charter was the statement of core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress (ANC) and its allies - the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats and the Coloured People's Congress. It is characterized by its opening demand; "The People Shall Govern!"