What other name was the Hotak dynasty ruled once ruled by Shah Ashraf Hotak known as?
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Ashraf Hotak Shāh Ashraf Hotak, (Pashto, Dari: ), also known as Shāh Ashraf Ghiljī (Pashto: شاه اشرف غلجي‎ ) (died 1730), son of Abdul Aziz Hotak, was the fourth ruler of the Hotak dynasty. An Afghan from the Ghilji Pashtuns, he served as a commander in the army of Mahmud Hotak during his revolt against the heavily declining Safavid Persians. Ashraf also participated in the Battle of Gulnabad. In 1725, he briefly succeeded to the throne (Shah of Persia) after the death of his cousin Mahmud.
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Hotak dynasty The Hotak dynasty or the Hotaki dynasty was an Afghan monarchy of the Ghilji Pashtuns, established in April 1709 by Mirwais Hotak after leading a successful revolution against their declining Persian Safavid overlords in Kandahar. It lasted until 1738 when the founder of the Afsharid dynasty, Nader Shah Afshar, defeated Hussain Hotak during the long siege of Kandahar, and started the reestablishment of Iranian suzerainty over all regions lost decades before against the Iranian archrival, the Ottomans, and the Russians. At its peak, the Hotak dynasty ruled very briefly over an area which is now Afghanistan, western Pakistan, and large parts of Iran.
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Deccan painting Deccani painting is a Deccan form of miniature painting, evolved in south-western India—(also known as Deccan), during the inception of Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 AD. The style developed under the patronage of Deccan sultanates—( namely, Bijapur, Golkonda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar, and Berar ) and lasted until the extinct of the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1687 AD.
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Malek Ashraf Malek Ashraf (ملک اشرف), (died 1357) was a Chupanid ruler of northwestern Iran during the 14th century. He was the last of the Chupanids to possess a significant influence within Persia. He was the son of Timurtash.
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Principality of Khuttal The Principality of Khuttal, (also spelled "Khatlan" and "Khotlan"), was a local Iranian dynasty, which ruled the Khuttal region from the early 7th century to 750. The rulers of the region were known by their titles of “Khuttalan Shah” (king of Khuttal), “Khuttalan Khudah” (lord of Khuttal), and “Shir-i Khutallan” (lion of Khuttal). The capital and residence of the rulers was in Hulbuk, close to the city of Kulob.
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Balawaristan Balawaristan (Urdu:بلاورستان) is an historical name of Gilgit-Baltistan that has regained some prevalence in recent years. The archaic English spelling for the name was Boloristan, and its first known documented usage is in Chinese sources from the 8th century AD. Gilgit-Baltistan includes Gilgit, Skardu, Hunza, Ishkoman Puniyal and Yasin (see Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan). The regions of Baltistan, and Ladakh (including Kargil) are also considered to be a part of Balawaristan by nationalist parties of Gilgit, and sometimes Chitral is as well.
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Ottoman dynasty The Ottoman dynasty (Turkish: "Osmanlı Hanedanı" ) was made up of the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ottoman Turkish: خاندان آل عثمان‎ "Ḫānedān-ı Āl-ı ʿOsmān"). Also known as the Ottomans (Turkish: "Osmanlılar" ). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia in the district of Bilecik Söğüt. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the Ottoman Empire from c. 1299 to 1922.
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Chang (instrument) The chang (Persian: چنگ‎ ‎ ] ) is a Persian musical instrument similar to harp. The Turkish name is "çeng" and the Arabic name is "al-ǧank" ("ṣanǧ"). It was very popular and used widely during the times of ancient Persia, especially during the Sasanian Dynasty where it was often played in the shahs' court. It was also played until the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire but has disappeared now from the classical Ottoman music and Turkish folk music.
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Alauddin Firuz Shah I Alauddin Firuz Shah I (Bengali: প্রথম আলাউদ্দিন ফিরোজ শাহ) was the son and successor of Sultan Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah of Bengal. He was a sultan only in name; the effective powers being wielded by Raja Ganesha, the landlord of Dinajpur. Ganesha dethroned him after he had ruled only for a few months. Coins of Alauddin Firuz Shah I, issued in 817 Hijrih from Muazzamabad (East Bengal) and Satgaon (South Bengal), have been found. But no coins issued from the capital Firuzabad (Pandua) have so far been found. After Ganesha usurped the throne of Bengal Firuz Shah might have fled from the capitaland tried to establish his authority over southern and eastern Bengal. But soon Ganesha defeated and killed Firuz Shah.
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Maqpon dynasty The Maqpon dynasty of Skardu was founded by Ibrahim Shah (1190-1220), who was born in Skardu. This royal family ruled over Baltistan for approximately 700 years The kings of the Maqpon dynasty extended the frontiers of Baltistan to Gilgit Agency, Chitral, and Ladakh.
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Madurai Sultanate Ma'bar Sultanate (Persian: مابار سلطنت‎ ‎ ), unofficially known as the Madurai Sultanate, was a short lived independent Muslim kingdom based in the city of Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India. The sultanate was proclaimed in 1335 when the then viceroy of Madurai, Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan declared his independence from the Delhi Sultanate. Ahsan Khan and his descendants ruled Madurai and surrounding territories until 1378 when the last sultan, Ala-ud-Din Sikandar Shah fell in battle against the forces of the Vijayanagara Empire led by Kumara Kampana. In this short reign of 43 years, the Sultanate had 8 different rulers.
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Safi of Persia Sam Mirza (Persian: سام میرزا‎ ‎ ), better known by his dynastic name of Shah Safi (Persian: شاه صفی‎ ‎ ) was the sixth Safavid shah (king) of Iran, ruling from 1629 to 1642.
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Abol-Fath Khan Zand Abol-Fath Khan Zand (Persian: ابوالفتح خان زند‎ ‎ "Abol-Fatḥ Khān Zand"; 1755/17561787) was the third "Shah" of the Zand dynasty, ruling from March 6, 1779, until August 22, 1779.
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Karim Khan Zand Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (Persian: کریم خان زند‎ , "Mohammad Karīm Khān-e Zand " ‎ ), better known as Karim Khan Zand (کریم خان زند ), was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some Caucasian lands and occupied Basra for some years.
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Sharafabad, Markazi Sharafabad (Persian: شرف اباد‎ ‎ , also Romanized as Sharafābād) is a village in Kuhsar Rural District, in the Central District of Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran, close to Lake Urumia. The village was founded by Sharaf-ud-din in 1210 AD and was named after himself. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported. The trade is mainly in grain, cotton, molasses as well as some deposits of gold. Archaeologists discovered many clay pots from the Uruk period in Sharafabad, the pots were burned as offerings to deities. During a two year drought the inhabitants switched to handicraft production to supplement income in order to survive.
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Principality of Chaghaniyan The Principality of Chaghaniyan, known in Arabic sources as al-Saghaniyan, was a local Iranian dynasty, which ruled the Chaghaniyan region from the early 7th-century to the late 8th-century. The rulers of the region were known by their titles of “Chaghan Khudah” (Middle Iranian; "Čagīnīgān Xvaday", meaning “the lord of Chaghaniyan”).
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Hassan Ghaznavi Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi (Persian: اشرف‌الدین ابو محمد حسن بن محمد حسینی غزنوی‎ ‎ ) known as Ashraf (اشرف) was a 12th-century Persian poet of Turkic origin.
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Sharafkhan Bidlisi Sharaf al-Din Khan b. Shams al-Din b. Sharaf Beg Bedlisi (Kurdish: شەرەفخانی بەدلیسی, "Şerefxanê Bedlîsî"; Persian: شرف‌الدین خان بن شمس‌الدین بن شرف بیگ بدلیسی‎ ‎ ) (949-1012/1543-1603-04) was a medieval Kurdish emir and a politician from the Emirate of Bitlis.
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Shah Shah ( ; Persian: شاه‎ , "Šāh " ‎ , pronounced ] , "king") is a title given to the emperors, kings, princes and lords of Iran (historically also known as Persia). It was also adopted by the kings of Shirvan (a historical Iranian region in Transcaucasia) namely the Shirvanshahs, the rulers and offspring of the Ottoman Empire (in that context spelled as "Şah" and "Şeh"), Mughal emperors of the Indian Subcontinent, the Bengal Sultanate, as well as in Afghanistan. In Iran (Persia and Greater Persia) the title was continuously used; rather than King in the European sense, each Persian ruler regarded himself as the "Šāhanšāh" (King of Kings) or Emperor of the Persian Empire.
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Mahmud Shah Durrani Mahmud Shah Durrani (1769 – April 18, 1829; Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic: ) was born Prince and the ruler of the Durrani Empire (Afghanistan) between 1801 and 1803, and again between 1809 and 1818. An ethnic Sadozai tribe section of the Popalzai sub clan of Durrani Abdali Pashtun, he was the son of Timur Shah Durrani and grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
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Mirza Ghazi Beg Mirza Ghazi Beg Tarkhan (Persian: میرزا غازى بیگ ترخان‎ ‎ ) of Tarkhan Dynasty in Sindh ruled from the capital city of Thatta. He was the most powerful Mughal governor who administered Sindh, during whose rule the region had become fiercely loyal to the Mughals. In Sindh a network of small and large forts manned by cavalry and musketeers further extended Mughal power during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. He was a descendant of the powerful Mirza clan which had arrived in the region with the Mughal Emperor "Mirza" Babur Beg who had conquered South Asia in 1526. Mirza Ghazi Beg spoke nearly three languages which include Sindhi (his native-tongue), Persian (the official language of the Mughal Empire) and some Turkic.
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Ahmad Shah I Wali Ahmed Shah Al Wali Bahamani ruled the Kingdom of Bidar from 1 October 1422 to 17 April 1436 and was a great patron of arts and culture. He brought artisans from Iran, including the metal-worker Abdulla-bin-Kaiser, who was the master of Bidriware, the inlaying of zinc alloy with silver and gold.