The 2006 documentary film "Knocking" focuses on which teaching of Johovah's Witnesses that is based on freedom of thought?
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Knocking (film) Knocking is a 2006 documentary film directed by Joel Engardio and Tom Shepard that focuses on the civil liberties fought for by Jehovah's Witnesses. It focuses primarily on the stories of three Jehovah's Witnesses, and how their lives demonstrate three fundamental Witness teachings that have affected society in general: Conscientious objection, and rejection of blood transfusions and saluting the flag.
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Conscientious objector A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.
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Free textbook A free textbook is a textbook that can be read, used, copied, modified and redistributed without any restrictions. The word "free" in the term "free textbook" refers to freedom (liberty) and is not related to monetary cost. A free textbook is released under a free license that ensures that people will have the freedom to read, use, copy, modify, and redistribute the textbook. The notion of a free textbook derives from a more general notion called Free Cultural Work that was inspired from the definition of Free Software.
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Freedom of the press Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through various mediums, such as electronic media and published materials. Wherever such freedom exists mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state; its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal protections.
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Philosophy for Children Philosophy for Children, sometimes abbreviated to P4C, is a movement that aims to teach reasoning and argumentative skills to children. There are also related methods sometimes called ""Philosophy for Young People"" or ""Philosophy for Kids"". Often the hope is that this will be a key influential move towards a more democratic form of democracy. However, there is also a long tradition within higher education of developing alternative methods for teaching philosophy both in schools and colleges (see ""philosophy education"").
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Libertas ecclesiae Libertas ecclesiae ("freedom of the Church" in Latin) is the notion of freedom of ecclesiastical authority from secular or the temporal power, which guided the Reform movement which began in the 11th century.
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A Sacred Duty A Sacred Duty, subtitled "Applying Jewish values to help heal the world," is a 2007 60-minute documentary from Jewish Vegetarians of North America (JVNA), written and produced by Lionel Friedberg. The film focuses on Jewish teachings about caring for the earth, treatment of animals, and the environment, with a focus on vegetarianism. Interviews with rabbis, activists, and scholars are interspersed with footage and stills illustrating the points being discussed.
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Sabelo Stanley Ntwasa Sabelo Stanley Ntwasa was a priest in the South African Anglican Church. He is remembered especially for his friendship with Black Consciousness Movement founder Steve Biko and his importance in that movement. He was a powerful speaker and very outspoken politically, often spending time in prison for his criticism of the apartheid regime. He was also one of the early preachers of Black theology, a movement related to Liberation theology and Négritude, which pushed individuals to stand up for themselves and to take pride in their personal worth. This emphasis was in stark contrast to the pacifist emphasis of many South African clergymen on Jesus's teachings that Christians should "turn the other cheek". Ntwasa wrote that the emphasis on God as all powerful was a tool of the oppressor, and thus used the imagery of "God as Love" and "God as Freedom".
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Jewish thought Jewish thought (Hebrew: מחשבת ישראל‎ ‎ ), also known as Judaic thought or Hebraic thought, is a field of Jewish studies that deals with the products of Jewish thought and culture throughout the ages, and their historical development. The field also deals with the connections, parallels, and influences, between Jewish ways of thought and world philosophy in general.
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David Edwin Harrell David Edwin Harrell Jr. is an American historian who is best known for his scholarship of Religion in the United States. He is a Professor Emeritus at Auburn University, where he served as the Breeden Eminent Scholar of Southern History and retired in 2006. He has written biographies of Oral Roberts, Pat Robertson, and Homer Hailey, as well as other works about Pentecostalism and the Charismatic movement. In 2006, he published "Unto a Good Land: A History of the American People", a college textbook that discusses the effects of religion in the history of the United States.
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Movement in learning Movement in learning is a teaching method based on the concept that humans learn better through movement. This teaching method can be applied to students, who should have the opportunity throughout a class period to move around to take "brain breaks" to refocus their attention so they can learn new material. Brain research suggests that physical activity prior to class (in PE for example) and during class, increases students' ability to process and retain new material. This is a new and controversial development in education, and, to date, has little research and empirical data to support this trend. However, anecdotal evidence regarding the benefits of incorporating movement in the classroom is promising.
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Women of the Wall Women of the Wall (Hebrew: נשות הכותל, "Neshot HaKotel") is a multi-denominational feminist organization based in Israel whose goal is to secure the rights of women to pray at the Western Wall, also called the Kotel, in a fashion that includes singing, reading aloud from the Torah and wearing religious garments ("tallit", "tefillin" and "kippah"). Pew Research Center has identified Israel as one of the countries that places "high" restrictions on religion, and there have been limits placed on non-Orthodox streams of Judaism. One of those restrictions is that the Rabbi of the Western Wall has enforced gender segregation and limitations on religious garb worn by women. When the "Women of the Wall" hold monthly prayer services for women on Rosh Hodesh, they observe gender segregation so that Orthodox members may fully participate. But their use of religious garb, singing and reading from a Torah have upset some members of the Orthodox Jewish community, sparking protests and arrests. In May 2013 a judge ruled that a 2003 Israeli Supreme Court ruling prohibiting women from carrying a Torah or wearing prayer shawls had been misinterpreted and that Women of the Wall prayer gatherings at the wall should not be deemed illegal.
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Apocryphon "Apocryphon" ("secret writing"), plural "apocrypha", was a Greek term for a genre of Jewish and Early Christian writings that were meant to impart "secret teachings" or "gnosis" (knowledge) that could not be publicly taught. Such private instruction to the apostles figures in the canonical Gospels of the New Testament and furnishes the material of the "sayings" "Gospel of Thomas" and part of the material of the "Gospel of Mary". It is purportedly a secret teaching supposedly committed to a trusted disciple by Christ after his resurrection. The secret teaching in Gnostic literature refers to several things.
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Nigerian Heresy Nigerian Heresy is a term introduced by the U.S. Episcopal equal rights activist Maury Johnston in his article, "Facing the Spectre of Schism" (2006), to describe the theology articulated by many Anglican bishops outside of North America, and especially in Africa, who do not hold to a widespread Anglican understanding of the basis for Protestant faith as being scripture, tradition, and reason.
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Open Evangelical Open Evangelical refers to a particular Christian school of thought or churchmanship, primarily in the United Kingdom (especially in the Church of England). Open evangelicals describe their position as combining a traditional evangelical emphasis on the nature of scriptural authority, the teaching of the ecumenical creeds and other traditional doctrinal teachings, with an approach towards culture and other theological points of view which tends to be more inclusive than that taken by other evangelicals. Some open evangelicals aim to take a middle position between conservative and charismatic evangelicals, while others would combine conservative theological emphases with more liberal social positions.
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Passive learning Passive learning is a method of learning or instruction where students receive information from the instructor and internalize it, and "where the learner receives no feedback from the instructor". The term is often used together with "direct instruction" and "lecturing", with passive learning being the result or intended outcome of the instruction. This style of learning is teacher-centered and contrasts to active learning, which is student-centered, whereby students take an active or participatory role in the learning process, and to the Socratic method where students and instructors engage in cooperative argumentative dialogue. Passive learning is a traditional method utilized in factory model schools and modern schools, as well as historic and contemporary religious services in churches (sermons), mosques, and synagogues.
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The Circle of Reason The Circle of Reason is a Twin Cities, Minnesota-based international society of theists, atheists, conservatives, and liberals who espouse the social philosophy of "pluralistic rationalism" (also "plurationalism" or "methodological rationalism"). Pluralistic rationalism is described in cultural media as "commitment to reason[ing], regardless of one's worldview," and by the society itself as "communal commitment to more consistently practice the basic methodological tenets of a reasoning lifestyle (reality's acceptance, assumption's denial, and emotion's mastery) irrespective of our theological, ethical, cultural or political worldviews." According to The Circle of Reason, pluralistic rationalism is practiced through encouraging not a particular worldview, but rather factualism, skepticism, and moderationism; and furthermore through discouraging their opposing practices of denialism, dogmatism, and emotionalism -- or "denials of reality, unquestioned assumptions (potentially false realities), and emotive arguments or actions (dissociation from reality)." Plurationalist practices include discouraging the verbal, printed or televised use of insults (which the group asserts is immoral because, as "ad hominem" argumentation, it seeks to "irrationally persuade by evoking emotionality.") Because plurationalists hold that "as a sapient being one's best tool to survive is one's ability to reason," they claim people's basic universalized moral imperative must then be "to consistently allow, and encourage, others to reason."
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Mormon studies Mormon studies is the interdisciplinary academic study of the beliefs, practices, history and culture of those known by the term "Mormon" and denominations belonging to the Latter Day Saint movement whose members do not generally go by the term "Mormon". The Latter Day Saint movement includes not only The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) but also the Community of Christ (CoC) and other groups, as well as those falling under the umbrella of Fundamentalist Mormonism.
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Nonresistance Nonresistance (or non-resistance) is "the practice or principle of not resisting authority, even when it is unjustly exercised". At its core is discouragement of, even opposition to, physical resistance to an enemy. It is considered as a form of principled nonviolence or pacifism which rejects all physical violence, whether exercised on individual, group, state or international levels. Practitioners of nonresistance may refuse to retaliate against an opponent or offer any form of self-defense. Nonresistance is often associated with particular religious groups.
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Black existentialism Black existentialism or Africana critical theory is a school of thought that "critiques domination and affirms the empowerment of Black people in the world". Although it shares a word with existentialism and that philosophy's concerns with existence and meaning in life, it "is predicated on the liberation of all black people in the world from oppression". It may also be seen as method, which allows one to read works by African-American writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison in an existentialist frame. Lewis Gordon argues that black existentialism is not only existential philosophy produced by black philosophers but is also thought that addresses the intersection of problems of existence in black contexts.
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Liberation theology Liberation theology is an interpretation of Christian theology which emphasises a concern for the liberation of the oppressed.
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Freedom From Religion Foundation The Freedom From Religion Foundation (FFRF) is an American non-profit organization based in Madison, Wisconsin with members from all 50 states. The largest national organization advocating for non-theists, FFRF promotes the separation of church and state and educates the public on matters relating to atheism, agnosticism, and nontheism. The FFRF publishes a newspaper, "Freethought Today" 10 times a year. Since 2006, as the Freethought Radio Network, FFRF has produced the "Freethought Radio" show.