What form of meditation includes Dynamic meditation and teachings from the man whose followers are known as neo-sannyasins?
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Dynamic meditation Dynamic meditation is a form of meditation in which physical actions are involved. The term appears in the early 1970s when Osho's descriptions of his "Rajneesh Dhyan Yoga," developed at meditation camps in the Indian mountains, were translated into English. His prototypical method is still named "Dynamic Meditation."
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Rajneesh In 1970 Rajneesh spent time in Mumbai initiating followers known as "neo-sannyasins." During this period he expanded his spiritual teachings and through his discourses gave an original insight into the writings of religious traditions, mystics, and philosophers from around the world. In 1974 Rajneesh relocated to Pune where a foundation and ashram was established to offer a variety of "transformational tools" for both Indian and international visitors. By the late 1970s, tension between the ruling Janata Party government of Morarji Desai and the movement led to a curbing of the ashram's development.
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Yoga nidra Yoga nidra (Sanskrit: योग निद्रा ) or yogic sleep) is a state of consciousness between waking and sleeping, like the "going-to-sleep" stage. It is a state in which the body is completely relaxed, and the practitioner becomes systematically and increasingly aware of the inner world by following a set of verbal instructions. This state of consciousness (yoga nidra) is different from meditation in which concentration on a single focus is required. In yoga nidra the practitioner remains in a state of light pratyahara with four of his or her senses internalised, that is, withdrawn, and only the hearing still connects to the instructions. The yogic goal of both paths, deep relaxation (yoga nidra) and meditation are the same, a state called samadhi.
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American Meditation Institute The American Meditation Institute (AMI) was founded by Leonard Perlmutter (Ram Lev) and Jenness Cortez Perlmutter in 1996. The Perlmutters were influenced by Eknath Easwaran and Nisargadatta Maharaj; they were direct disciples of Swami Rama of the Himalaya Mountains, the man who, in laboratory conditions and under the observation of research scientists at the Menninger Clinic, demonstrated that blood pressure, heart rate, and the autonomic nervous system can be voluntarily controlled. These research demonstrations have been one of the major cornerstones of the mind-body movement since the 1970s.
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Longchenpa Longchen Rabjampa, Drimé Özer (Wylie: "klong chen rab 'byams pa dri med 'od zer"), commonly abbreviated to Longchenpa (1308–1364), was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Along with Sakya Pandita and Je Tsongkhapa, he is commonly recognized as one of the three main manifestations of Manjushri to have taught in Central Tibet. His major work is the "Seven Treasuries", which encapsulates the previous six hundred years of Buddhist thought in Tibet. Longchenpa was a critical link in the exoteric and esoteric transmission of the Dzogchen teachings. He was abbot of Samye, one of Tibet's most important monasteries and the first Buddhist monastery established in the Himalaya, but spent most of his life travelling or in retreat.
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Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda Swami Vivekananda was a Hindu monk from India. He played significant role in the growing Indian nationalism of the 19th and 20th century, reinterpreting and harmonising certain aspects of Hinduism. His teachings and philosophy applied this reinterpretation to various aspects of education, faith, character building as well as social issues pertaining to India, and was also instrumental in introducing Yoga to the west.
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Shuddhananda Bharati Kavi Yogi Maharishi Dr. Shuddhananda Bharati (11 May 1897 – 7 March 1990) was an Indian philosopher and poet. His teachings are focused mainly on the search for God in Self, through the Sama Yoga practice he created.
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David Shannahoff-Khalsa David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa is a researcher in mind-body dynamics. He has published widely in scientific journals and regularly presents full day courses at the American Psychiatric Association and other national and international conferences. Shannahoff-Khalsa has also published three books outlining his years of experience using Kundalini Yoga meditation as taught by Yogi Bhajan to understand and treat psychiatric disorders.
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Contemplative neuroscience Contemplative neuroscience is an emerging multidisciplinary field, more or less overlapping with the study of neural mechanisms of mindfulness meditation. Contemplative neuroscience looks into neurological, physiological, epigenetic, behavioral, social and cognitive manifestations or consequences of a state of mind which is at the same time meditative/mindful and compassionate/calm and selfless/altruistic although bodily-aware. Thus researchers aspire to encompass all significant traits of the Buddhist term "mindfulness", somehow distancing themselves from different modern interpretations of this term.
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Amitayurdhyana Sutra The Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra (Sanskrit; ) is a Mahayana sutra in Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It is one of the three principle Pure Land sutras along with the "Infinite Life Sutra" and the "Amitabha Sutra". Amitāyus is another name for the buddha Amitābha, the preeminent figure in Pure Land Buddhism, and this sūtra focuses mainly on meditations involving complex visualization. This is reflected in the name of the sūtra, which translates to the "Amitāyus Meditation Sūtra."
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Jewish Buddhist A Jewish Buddhist (also Jewbu, Jew-Bu, Jewboo, Jubu, Buju, etc.) is a person with a Jewish background who practices forms of Buddhist meditation and spirituality. The term "Jubu" was first brought into wide circulation with the publication of "The Jew in the Lotus" (1994) by Rodger Kamenetz. In some cases, the term can refer to individuals who practice both traditions; in other cases, Jewish is an ethnic designation where the person's main religious practice is Buddhism. In yet other cases, a Jubu is simply a Jew with an interest in Buddhism or meditation. A large demographic of Jewish Buddhists, constituting its majority, still maintain religious practices and beliefs in Judaism coupled with Buddhist practices and perhaps beliefs.
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Research on meditation For the purpose of this article, research on meditation concerns research into the psychological and physiological effects of meditation using the scientific method of the western tradition. In recent years, these studies have increasingly involved the use of modern scientific techniques and instruments, such as fMRI and EEG which are able to directly observe brain physiology and neural activity in living subjects, either during the act of meditation itself, or before and after a meditation effort, thus allowing linkages to be established between meditative practice and changes in brain structure or function.
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Four-fold Franciscan prayer Four-fold Franciscan prayer is a devotional discipline derived from teachings of Francis of Assisi and Clare of Assisi, and described as divided into a sequence of "gazing, considering, contemplating, and imitating".
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Paramahansa Yogananda Paramahansa Yogananda (Bengali: পরমহংস যোগানন্দ ) (5 January 18937 March 1952), born Mukunda Lal Ghosh (Bengali: মুকুন্দলাল ঘোষ ), was an Indian yogi and guru who introduced millions of westerners to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his book, "Autobiography of a Yogi".
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Prasrabhi Prasrabhi (Sanskrit; Tibetan: ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ་, Tibetan Wylie: "shin tu sbyang ba", Pali: passaddhi) is a Mahayana Buddhist term translated as "pliancy", "flexibility", or "alertness". It is defined as the ability to apply body and mind towards virtuous activity. "Prasrabhi" is identified as:
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Engaged Buddhism Engaged Buddhism refers to Buddhists who are seeking ways to apply the insights from meditation practice and dharma teachings to situations of social, political, environmental, and economic suffering and injustice. Finding its roots in Vietnam through the Zen Buddhist teacher Thích Nhất Hạnh, Engaged Buddhism has grown in popularity in the West.
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Chan Buddhism Chan (; of ), from Sanskrit "dhyāna" (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state" ), is a tradition of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It developed in China from the 6th century CE onwards, becoming dominant during the Tang and Song dynasties. After the Yuan, Chan more or less fused with Pure Land Buddhism.
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Darren Main Darren Main, (born January 20, 1971), is a yoga teacher and author currently living in San Francisco. He has written largely about Eastern spirituality for a more modern and Western audience. Main is best known for his second book, "Yoga and the Path of the Urban Mystic". He has written several other books: "Inner Tranquility: A Guide to Seated Meditation", "Spiritual Journeys Along the Yellow Brick Road"; a controversial book, "Hearts and Minds: Talking to Christians About Homosexuality" and "The Yogi Entrepreneur: a Guide to Earning a Mindful Living Through Yoga" Main's writing has been translated in various languages and several of his books have been released in numerous editions.
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Community of Mindful Living The Community of Mindful Living (CML) is a Buddhist community in the Berkeley, California. It was established in 1983 and incorporated in 1990 in California as a nonprofit religious organization (Church). CML provides support for individuals and meditation groups worldwide who wish to practice in the tradition of Buddhism, the Order of Interbeing established by Thich Nhat Hanh. CML assists with the organization of retreats offered by Thich Nhat Hanh and lay teachers in the United States and Canada. In December, 1999, CML legally became a "Doing Business As" (DBA) arm of the Unified Buddhist Church. The Unified Buddhist Church was established by Thich Nhat Hanh and others in Vietnam in the 1960s and in the United States in 1997. The Unified Buddhist Church is the legally recognized governance body for Plum Village in France; for Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York; and, since March, 1999, for the Community of Mindful Living, Parallax Press, and Deer Park Monastery in California.
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Mooji Mooji (born Anthony Paul Moo-Young on 29 January 1954) is a spiritual teacher originally from Jamaica. Mooji is a disciple of Papaji, a devotee of the advaita and non-dual master Ramana Maharshi. Mooji shares self-inquiry, directing his students to the non-dual Self by encouraging them to question who or what they are at the deepest level. One exercise, written by Mooji in 2015 for a summer retreat, is to identify the natural feeling "I am" or "I exist" and staying with this for 5 to 7 minutes at a time. Another is to come to the recognition that everything (thoughts, emotions, sensations) can be perceived, and then inquiring, "Can the perceiver itself be perceived?"
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Yogi A yogi (sometimes spelled jogi) is a practitioner of yoga. In Vedic Sanskrit, yoga (from the root "yuj") means "to add", "to join", "to unite", or "to attach" in its most common literal sense, where in recent days, especially in the West, yoga often refers to physical exercises only. The term "yogi" is used broadly to refer to sannyasi or practitioners of meditation in a number of Indian religions. The feminine form is "yogini", but is not always used, especially in the West.
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Milenko Vlajkov Milenko Vlajkov (born August 9, 1950) is a psychologist and psychotherapist, author and meditation master in the school of Individual Meditation. His spiritual name as leader (lineage holder) of Individual Meditation is Juen Xian.