What style of opera created around the year 1600 was Christoph Willibald Gluck a composer of?
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Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (] ; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate (now part of Germany) and raised in Bohemia, he gained prominence at the Habsburg court at Vienna, where he brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices that many intellectuals had been campaigning for over the years. With a series of radical new works in the 1760s, among them "Orfeo ed Euridice" and "Alceste", he broke the stranglehold that Metastasian "opera seria" had enjoyed for much of the century.
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Italian opera Italian opera is both the art of opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language. Opera was born in Italy around the year 1600 and Italian opera has continued to play a dominant role in the history of the form until the present day. Many famous operas in Italian were written by foreign composers, including Handel, Gluck and Mozart. Works by native Italian composers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini, are amongst the most famous operas ever written and today are performed in opera houses across the world.
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Air de cour The Air de cour was a popular type of secular vocal music in France in the late Renaissance and early Baroque period, from about 1570 until around 1650. From approximately 1610 to 1635, during the reign of Louis XIII, this was the predominant form of secular vocal composition in France, especially in the royal court.
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Farsa Farsa (Italian, literally: "farce", plural: "farse") is a genre of opera, associated with Venice in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It is also sometimes called "farsetta".
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Arnold von Bruck Arnold von Bruck (also Arnold de Pruck, Arnoldus Brugensis, indicating his origin) (c. 1500 – February 6, 1554) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance, active in several Habsburg courts. He was one of the most famous and influential composers in German-speaking areas during the first half of the 16th century, the period of the Protestant Reformation; however he seems to have remained a Roman Catholic.<ref name="Wessely/Kreyszig, Grove online">Wessely/Kreyszig, Grove online</ref>
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Philipp Buchner Philipp Friedrich Buchner (11 September 1614 in Wertheim – 23 March 1669 in Würzburg) was a German composer. He converted to Catholicism in Poland, and travelled to Italy to absorb the new style of Monteverdi. On his return to Germany he was employed by bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn in Mainz for his Electoral orchestra.
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Gaetano Martinelli Gaetano Martinelli (? – 1802) was an Italian librettist active in the court theatres of Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg from 1766 to 1769 and in Lisbon as the court poet to Joseph I of Portugal and his daughter Maria I from 1769 until his death in 1802. He was one of a group of reforming Italian librettists which also included Calzabigi, Verazi, and Migliavacca, who moved away from the traditional Metastasian plot structures that had dominated opera during the first half of the 18th century. The majority of his early libretti were for comic ("opera buffa") or semi-comic ("dramma giocoso") operas.
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Felix Draeseke Felix August Bernhard Draeseke (7 October 1835 – 26 February 1913) was a composer of the "New German School" admiring Liszt and Richard Wagner. He wrote compositions in most forms including eight operas and stage works, four symphonies, and much vocal and chamber music.
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Giovanni Carestini Giovanni Carestini (c. 1704 in Filottrano, near Ancona – c. 1760) was an Italian castrato of the 18th century, who sang in the operas and oratorios of George Frideric Handel. He is also remembered as having sung for Johann Adolph Hasse and Christoph Willibald Gluck.
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William Webb (composer) William Webb (c. 1600 – 1657) was an English baroque composer.
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Nicolas-Étienne Framery Nicolas-Étienne Framery (25 March 1745, Rouen – 26 November 1810, Paris) was a French music theorist, critic and lyric writer associated with opera, especially opéra comique. He wrote and adapted librettos. His work became more adademic and abstract and he eventually became "surintendant de la musique" for the Comte d'Artois, (who would become Charles X of France).
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Heinrich Pfendner Heinrich Pfendner (Hollfeld Oberfranken, 1590-Würzburg, 1631) was an Bavarian composer. By 1618 Pfender was court organist in Würzburg for Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen, who was simultaneously Lord Bishop of both Würzburg and Bamberg. He was the first South German composer to have experimented with the new concerted style in his church compositions.
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Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria Maria Antonia, Princess of Bavaria (18 July 1724 – 23 April 1780), Electress of Saxony, was a German composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron, known particularly for her operas "Il trionfo della fedeltà" (Dresden, summer 1754) and "Talestri, regina delle amazoni" (Nymphenburg Palace, February 6, 1760). She was also the Regent of Saxony in 1763-1768. Baptised "Maria Antonia Walpurgis Symphorosa", she was known as Maria Antonia.
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Il Parnaso confuso Il Parnaso confuso ("Parnassus in Turmoil") is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of an "azione teatrale" in one act. The Italian-language libretto is by Pietro Metastasio. The opera premiered on 24 January 1765 at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. All the members of the cast were archduchesses of the Habsburg family and the work was conducted by the future Emperor Leopold II from the harpsichord.
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Origins of opera The art form known as "opera" originated in Italy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, though it drew upon older traditions of medieval and Renaissance courtly entertainment. The word "opera", meaning "work" in Italian, was first used in the modern musical and theatrical sense in 1639 and soon spread to the other European languages. The earliest operas were modest productions compared to other Renaissance forms of sung drama, but they soon became more lavish and took on the spectacular stagings of the earlier genre known as intermedio.
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Artaserse (Hasse) Artaserse is an opera ("dramma per musica") in three acts composed by Johann Adolph Hasse to an Italian libretto adapted from that by Metastasio by Giovanni Boldini. It premiered at the Teatro di San Giovanni Grisostomo in Venice on 11 February 1730, shortly after the libretto's first setting by Leonardo Vinci premiered in Rome 6 days earlier. Metastasio's libretto, "Artaserse", has been used in more than 90 works. Hasse himself would later re-work the score for performances at the Opernhaus am Zwinger in Dresden (1740) and the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples (1760).
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Musique mesurée Musique mesurée à l'antique (] ) was a style of vocal musical composition in France in the late 16th century. In "musique mesurée", longer syllables in the French language were set to longer note values, and shorter syllables to shorter, in a homophonic texture but in a situation of metric fluidity, in an attempt to imitate contemporary understanding of Ancient Greek music. Although this compositional method did not attain popularity at first, it attracted some of the most famous composers of the time. Its basis in a desire to re-create the artistic ethos of Ancient Greece, especially in respect to text declamation, had a strong similarity to contemporary movements in Italy, such as the work of the Florentine Camerata which engendered the first operas, and brought about the beginning of the Baroque era in music.
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Ignazio Donati Ignazio Donati (c. 1570 – 21 January 1638) was an Italian composer of the early Baroque era. He was one of the pioneers of the style of the concertato motet.
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Alessandro Severo Alessandro Severo (Alexander Severus, HWV A13) is an opera by George Frideric Handel composed in 1738. It is one of Handel's three pasticcio works, made up of the music and arias of his previous operas "Giustino", "Berenice" and "Arminio". Only the overture and recitatives (as well as the words) were new. The impresario Johann Jacob Heidegger probably selected the 1717 libretto by Apostolo Zeno, originally written for Antonio Lotti and re-used by many composers thereafter.
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Il ballo delle ingrate Il ballo delle ingrate ("The Ballet of the Ungrateful Ladies") is a semi-dramatic ballet by the Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi set to a libretto by Ottavio Rinuccini. It was first performed in Mantua on Wednesday, 4 June 1608 as part of the wedding celebrations for Francesco Gonzaga (the son of Monteverdri's patron Duke Vincenzo of Mantua) and Margaret of Savoy. Both Vincenzo and Francesco Gonzaga took part in the dancing. Monteverdi also composed the opera "L'Arianna" (to another libretto by Rinuccini) and the music for the prologue to Guarini's play "L'idropica" for the occasion.
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Opéra féerie Opéra féerie (plural: "opéras féeries ") is a French genre of opera or opéra-ballet, often with elements of magic in their stories. Popular in the 18th century, from the time of Jean-Philippe Rameau onwards, the form reached its culmination with works such as "La belle au bois dormant" by Michele Carafa and "Cendrillon" by Nicolas Isouard at the beginning of the 19th century.
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Francesco Manelli Francesco Manelli (Mannelli) (13 September 1594 – July 1667) was a Roman Baroque composer, particularly of opera; and theorbo player. He is most well known for his collaboration with fellow Roman composer Benedetto Ferrari in bringing commercial opera to Venice. The first two works, in 1637 and 1638, to be put on commercially in the Teatro San Cassiano were both by Manelli - his "L'Andromeda" and "La Maga Fulminata".