The Commonwealth of Australia and China are currently large trading partners as well as active members of the international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies, known as what?
ada15aa17f90cae9c55c30bb7ca365f8
Australia–China relations Australia–China relations, often known as Sino–Australian relations, refers to the relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and China. The first Chinese consulate in Australia was established in 1909, and diplomatic relations were established in 1941. Australia continued to recognise the Republic of China government after it lost the Chinese Civil War and retreated to Taiwan in 1949, but switched recognition to the People's Republic of China on 21 December 1972. The relationship between China and Australia has grown considerably over the years. Both countries are actively engaged economically, culturally and politically which spans numerous organizations such as APEC, East Asia Summit and the G20. China is Australia's largest trading partner, and has invested in Australian mining companies to help meet the needs of its growing economy.
7adf82e8a04c86d2dc73b4acc934627b
G20 The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. Currently, these are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union. Founded in 1999, the G20 aims to discuss policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. It seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization. The G20 heads of government or heads of state have periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008, and the group also hosts separate meetings of finance ministers and foreign ministers due to the expansion of its agenda in recent years.
571744fb82043fbd793876e6a4950f91
Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations The Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) is an umbrella agreement between members of the Pacific Islands Forum (the Forum Island Countries plus Australia and New Zealand) which provides a framework for the future development of trade cooperation.
7d064cf259a7124b1e33d0889000c4c9
New Century Forum New Century Forum () is a pro-Beijing middle-class oriented political group in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The group comprises professionals, businessmen and academics, and aims to represent the voice of the middle-class. It is currently led by convenor Ma Fung-kwok.
695269e753cd444970cb656be170f9da
Gas Exporting Countries Forum The Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) is an intergovernmental organization of 24 member states that 11 of the world's leading natural gas producers made up of Algeria, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan Libya, Myanmar, Nigeria, Norway Peru, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. GECF members together control over 70% of the world's natural gas reserves, 38% of the pipeline trade and 85% of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) production. The three largest reserve-holders in the GECFRussia, Iran and Qatartogether hold about 57% of global gas reserves.
6ae9ccb3f18276ad52ede267d4891df1
Canada–Indonesia relations Canada–Indonesia relations refers to the bilateral relations of Canada and Republic of Indonesia. Since diplomatic relations were established back in 1952, Canada has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia maintains an embassy in Ottawa. Indonesia also has consulates in Toronto and Vancouver. Canada and Indonesia are partners in a number of multilateral organizations, such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the G-20, Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
fb03773a192a197d337f81d220ae5708
Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement The Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), previously
b061a10118e1983d9f530374313323ca
Politics of Papua New Guinea The politics of Papua New Guinea takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic multi-party system, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Papua New Guinea is an independent Commonwealth realm, with a governor-general, nominated by the National Parliament, acting as head of state. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament.
65833473f985125a2228da6fd064154d
New Development Bank The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank, is a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). According to the Agreement on the NDB, "the Bank shall support public or private projects through loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments." Moreover, the NDB "shall cooperate with international organizations and other financial entities, and provide technical assistance for projects to be supported by the Bank."
1ea8a27a022ff30bdd80a385b12c3926
Commonwealth free trade Commonwealth free trade is the process or proposal of removing barriers of trade between member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. The preferential trade regime within the British Empire continued in some form amongst Commonwealth nations under the Imperial Preference system, until that system was dismantled after World War II due to changes in geopolitics and the pattern of global trade, and the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community. The idea of promoting renewed inter-Commonwealth trade emerged in the late 20th century as a response to the evolution of the global economy. At one extreme, proposals have been raised for the creation of a multilateral free trade area comprising all member states of the Commonwealth of Nations.
88c353b95b925c07f5bdd90aeb23e6c6
List of Australian Ambassadors to Italy The Ambassador of Australia to Italy and Permanent Representative of Australia to the Food and Agriculture Organisation is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Embassy of the Commonwealth of Australia to the Republic of Italy in Rome. The position has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and holds non-resident accreditation for Albania (1992–2004; since 3 July 2013), Libya (1978–1987; since 2002), and San Marino (since 1995) as a non-resident ambassador. The Ambassador also serves as Australia's delegate to the UN Agencies in Rome as Permanent Representative to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (since 1951) and as representative to the World Food Programme (since 1961).
3187c9fd5fda02089e5c2f3bf0ae92ec
China–South Africa relations People's Republic of China – South Africa relations refer to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of South Africa.
024b314bdbec08ce68185ec0ba5f73fe
Straits Exchange Foundation The Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF; ; often abbreviated as 海基會) is a semi-official organization set up by the Government of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan to handle technical or business matters with the People's Republic of China (PRC). Though technically a private organization, it is funded by the government and controlled by the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan. Its roles are in effect, the "de facto" embassy to PR China, to not officially acknowledge PRC's statehood status.
bea1cc33b57e7fedd48f19895c702186
Emerging Markets Forum The Emerging Markets Forum (EMF) is an accredited non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to developing dialogue on economic, financial, and social issues facing emerging market economies. EMF advocates for increased dialogue between government and corporate leaders through its global forum events. Its motto is ""Bringing people together to accelerate growth and well-being in emerging markets.""
7110c4001243a7bdd8e6831220703b84
List of the largest trading partners of Australia The ten largest trading partners of Australia with their total trade (sum of imports and exports) in billions of Australian dollars and the total trade for all countries for the 2016 calendar year were as follows:
b154d6630b22dca29eceb44c1ce8e1c8
Australia–New Zealand relations Australia–New Zealand relations, also referred to as Trans-Tasman relations ("relations across the Tasman Sea"), are extremely close with both sharing British colonial heritage as Antipodean White Dominions and settler colonies as well as being part of the wider Anglosphere. New Zealand sent representatives to the constitutional conventions which led to the uniting of the six Australian colonies but opted not to join; still, in the Boer War and in World War I and World War II, soldiers from New Zealand fought alongside Australians. In recent years the Closer Economic Relations free trade agreement and its predecessors have inspired ever-converging economic integration. The culture of Australia does differ from the culture of New Zealand and there are sometimes differences of opinion which some have declared as symptomatic of sibling rivalry. This often centres upon sports such as rugby union or cricket or in commercial tensions such as those arising from the failure of Ansett Australia or those engendered by the formerly long-standing Australian ban on New Zealand apple imports.
f56853f3b7b6f5b99a713d5bee2be4a7
International monetary systems International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.
a6fe8dee5995dd3c80dc44c39cec2afd
Pacific Islands Forum The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) is an inter-governmental organization that aims to enhance cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean. It was founded in 1971 as the South Pacific Forum. In 1999, the name was changed; Pacific Islands Forum is more inclusive of the Forum's Oceania-spanning membership of both north and south Pacific island countries, including Australia. It is an official observer at the United Nations.
e22119a89ed1418d91b0e32ed6b5e9d3
Australian settlement The Australian settlement is a term that has been used to describe a set of nation-building policies adopted in Australia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Those policies profoundly influenced the way Australia developed over the coming decades and were only dismantled towards the end of the century. They were: the 'White Australia' Policy of immigration restriction; protective tariffs on imports of manufactured goods; a system of compulsory conciliation and arbitration for industrial disputes; and early social welfare policies. The term 'settlement' refers to the way this constellation of policies emerged as a compromise between major interests in Australian society at that time, namely workers and employers.
565381e25822f90e9399bda783c26788
Economy of the United States The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy. It is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The U.S. GDP was estimated to be $18.46 trillion in 2016. It has the world's seventh-highest per capita GDP (nominal) and eleventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP) in 2016. The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency, backed by its science and technology, its military, the full faith of the US government to reimburse its debts, its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the "de facto" currency. Its largest trading partners are China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, India and Taiwan.
7f0f70ed8baba53e68807247f259a15d
Economy of Indonesia Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is one of the emerging market economies of the world. The country is also a member of G-20 major economies and classified as a newly industrialised country. It is the sixteenth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and is the seventh largest in terms of GDP (PPP). Its GDP per capita however ranks below the world average. Indonesia still depends on domestic market, and government budget spending and its ownership of state-owned enterprises (the central government owns 141 enterprises) and the administration of prices of a range of basic goods including, rice, and electricity plays a significant role in Indonesia market economy, but since the 1990s, the majority of the economy has been controlled by private Indonesians and foreign companies.
e64efa30a7ea0717620a960d5274d8d4
Foreign relations of Cambodia The Royal Cambodian Government (RGC) has established diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, to include the People's Republic of China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, and Thailand. The RGC is a member of most major international organizations, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The RGC is an Asian Development Bank (ADB) member, a member of ASEAN, also a member of the WTO. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural East Asia Summit.