Roland (Frankish: "*Hrōþiland") was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne, also known as who?
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Roland Roland (Frankish: "*Hrōþiland") (died 15 August 778) was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. The historical Roland was military governor of the Breton March, responsible for defending Francia's frontier against the Bretons. His only historical attestation is in Einhard's "Vita Karoli Magni", which notes he was part of the Frankish rearguard killed by rebellious Basques in Iberia at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass.
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Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.
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Battle of Blain The Battle of Blain, also called the Battle of Messac, was fought on 24 May 843 by the forces of Lambert II of Nantes and Erispoe, prince of Brittany, against Renaud, Frankish Count of Nantes. It arose from Breton resistance to Frankish power within Brittany and disputes over control of the County of Nantes. The defeat of the Franks led to a period of Breton expansionism.
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Adalgisel (disambiguation) Adalgisel was a Frankish duke and the mayor of the palace of Austrasia.
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Battle of Brissarthe The Battle of Brissarthe was fought on 2 July 866), between the Franks and a joint Breton-Viking army near Brissarthe, Neustria. It was marked by the death of Robert the Strong, the Neustrian margrave, and Ranulf I, the duke of Aquitaine.
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Gaucelm Gaucelm (died 834) was a Frankish count and leading magnate in Gothia during the reign of Louis the Pious. He was initially the Count of Roussillon from about 800, but he received Empúries in 817 and was thenceforward the chief representative of imperial authority in that region.
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Girart de Vienne Girart de Vienne is a late twelfth-century (c.1180) Old French "chanson de geste" by Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube. The work tells the story of the sons of Garin de Monglane and their battles with the Emperor Charlemagne, and it establishes the friendship of the epic heroes Olivier and Roland.
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William II of England William II (Old Norman: "Williame"; c. 1056  – 2 August 1100), the third son of William I of England, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. William is commonly known as William Rufus or William the Red, perhaps because of his red-faced appearance.
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Middle Francia Middle Francia (Latin: "Francia media" ) was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united empire. Middle Francia was allocated to emperor Lothair I, the eldest son and successor of emperor Louis the Pious. His realm contained the imperial cities of Aachen, the residence of Charlemagne, as well as Pavia but lacked any geographic or ethnic cohesion which prevented it from surviving and forming a nucleus of a larger state, as was the case with West Francia and East Francia.
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Wenilo (archbishop of Sens) Wenilo (died 865) was the archbishop of Sens from 836 or 837. Prior to becoming bishop, Wenilo was a palatine chaplain. As bishop, he was one of the leading men in Aquitaine and crowned Charles the Bald king in 848, definitively uniting Aquitaine with West Francia. In 858, he supported the East Frankish invasion and was denounced as a traitor by the king. He reconciled the next year, and retained his office until his death. Nevertheless, Wenilo passed into legend as Ganelon, the archvillain of the Matter of France, his name a byword for "traitor".
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Gero Gero I (c. 900 – 20 May 965), called the Great (Latin "magnus"), ruled an initially modest march centred on Merseburg, which he expanded into a vast territory named after him: the "marca Geronis". During the mid-10th century, he was the leader of the Saxon "Drang nach Osten".
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Ranulf I of Aquitaine Ranulf I (also "Ramnulf", "Rannulf", and "Ranulph") (820–866) was a Count of Poitiers (from 835) and Duke of Aquitaine (from 852). He is considered a possible son of Gerard, Count of Auvergne, and Hildegard (or Matilda) "[more likely Rotrude, see Gerard, Count of Auvergne and Louis the Pious]", daughter of Louis the Pious and Ermengard. Few details are known about Ranulf I, except that he died in 866 in Aquitaine from wounds received in the Battle of Brissarthe against the Vikings (in which Robert the Strong also died).
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Gunther Gunther (Gundahar, Gundahari, Latin "Gundaharius", "Gundicharius", or "Guntharius", Old English "Gūðhere", Old Norse "Gunnarr", anglicised as "Gunnar", d. 437) was a historical King of Burgundy in the early 5th century. Legendary tales about him appear in Latin, medieval Middle High German, Old Norse, and Old English texts, especially concerning his relations with Siegfried (Sigurd in Old Norse) and his death by treachery in the hall of Attila the Hun.
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Redbad, King of the Frisians Redbad (alt. Radbod, Raedbed) (died 719) was the king (or duke) of Frisia from c. 680 until his death. He is often considered the last independent ruler of Frisia before Frankish domination. He defeated Charles Martel at Cologne. Eventually, however, Charles prevailed and compelled the Frisians to submit. Redbad died in 719, but for some years his successors struggled against the Frankish power.
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Fulcrad Fulcrad was the count of Arles in the middle of the ninth century, who was given military command over the other counts of the Provençal country and took the title of duke (Latin "dux"). His recorded activity took place after the treaty of Verdun (843), when Provence lay in the south of the kingdom of Middle Francia ruled by the Emperor Lothair I. As the leading man in Provence he seems to have succeeded Warin.
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Raymond of Burgundy Raymond of Burgundy (c. 1070 – 24 May 1107) was the ruler of Galicia from about 1090 until his death. He was the fourth son of Count William I of Burgundy and Stephanie. He married Urraca, future queen of León, and was the father of the future emperor Alfonso VII.
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Fulrad Saint Fulrad (French: "Fulrade" ; Latin: "Fulradus" ) was born in 710 into a wealthy family, and died on July 16, 784 as the Abbot of St. Denis. He was the counselor of both Pippin and Charlemagne. Historians see Fulrad as important due to his significance in the rise of the Frankish Kingdom, and the insight he gives into early Carolingian society. He was noted to have been always on the side on Charlemagne, especially during the attack from the Saxons on Regnum Franserum (Latin for Frankia), and the Royal Mandatum (a royal official of the Carolingian administrative hierarchy). Other historians have taken a closer look at Fulrad’s interactions with the papacy. When Fulrad was the counselor of Pepin he was closely in contact with the papacy to gain approval for Pepin’s appoint as King of the Franks. During his time under Charlemagne, he had dealings with the papacy again for different reasons. When he became Abbot of St. Denis (N.E of Paris), Fulrad’s life became important in the lives of distinct historical figures in various ways during his period as St. Denis’s abbot during the mid-eighth century. Saint Fulrad’s Feast Day is on July 16.
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Saint Remigius Saint Remigius, Remy or Remi, (French: "Saint Rémi or Saint Rémy" ; Italian: "Remigio" ; Spanish: "Remigio" ; Occitan: "Romieg" ; Polish: "Remigiusz" ; Breton: "Remig" and Lithuanian: "Remigijus" ), was Bishop of Reims and Apostle of the Franks, ( 437 – January 13, AD 533). On 25 December 496 he baptised Clovis I, King of the Franks. This baptism, leading to the conversion of the entire Frankish people to Catholic Christianity, was a momentous success for the Church and a seminal event in European history.
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Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, ) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German "sigu" "victory" + "munt" "hand, protection". Tacitus Latinises it "Segimundus". There appears to be an older form of the High German word "Sieg" (victory): "sigis", obviously Gothic and an inferred Germanic form, and there is a younger form: "sigi", which is Old Saxon or Old High German "sigu" (both from about 9th century). A 5th century Prince of Burgundy was known both as "Sigismund" and "Sigimund" (see Ernst Förstemann, "Altdeutsche Personennamen", 1906; Henning Kaufmann, "Altdeutsche Personennamen", Ergänzungsband,1968).
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Almace In the legendary "Song of Roland", Almace, Almice or Almacia is the sword of Turpin, Archbishop of Reims, one of the last three Franks to die at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass, along with Roland (Orlando in Italian) and Gualter de Hum.
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Unruoch II of Friuli Unruoch II (also known as Unroch II) (died 853) was a Frankish nobleman and friend of Charlemagne. In particular, he was witness to the emperor's will in 811.
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Arnulf of Sens Arnulf of Sens(ca.794 - April, 841) was a Frankish noble, an illegitimate son of the 16 year old Prince Louis the Pious, the son of the Carolingian King Charlemagne (who would be crowned emperor in 800). His mother Theodelinde of Sens (ca.764 - 794), was 30 years old and was the daughter of Gainfroi, count of Sens and Theidlindis de Blois. He had one sister, Alpaïs de Paris, abbess of St-Pierre de Reims. In 794 A.D., Arnulf's mother Theodelinde of Sens was dead. His grandfather Charlemange died in 814 at age 72, and his father, Louis, became Emperor.3 years later in 817, Arnulf, aged 23, was appointed count of Sens in Burgundy. He was the first son of Louis the Pious, but he did not inherit land because he was illegitimate. In April 841, a year after his father had died at the age of 62,he died at Sens (just before the Treaty of Verdun between his fathers legitimate surviving sons).