When was the publication whose effects the Maxwellians chronicled originally written?
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The Maxwellians The Maxwellians is a book by Bruce J. Hunt, published in 1991 by Cornell University Press. It chronicles the development of electromagnetic theory in the years after the publication of "A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" by James Clerk Maxwell. The book reveals letters and publications, particularly by George Francis Fitzgerald, Oliver Lodge, and Oliver Heaviside.
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A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism is a two-volume treatise on electromagnetism written by James Clerk Maxwell in 1873. Maxwell was revising the "Treatise" for a second edition when he died in 1879. The revision was completed by William Davidson Niven for publication in 1881. A third edition was prepared by J. J. Thomson for publication in 1892.
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Physics in Medicine and Biology Physics in Medicine & Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the application of physics to medicine, physiology, and biology. It was established in 1956 and is published by IOP Publishing on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. It is also an official journal of the following medical societies: Canadian Organization of Medical Physics, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik, Japanese Association of Radiological Physics, European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics, and the International Organization for Medical Physics. The editor-in-chief is Simon Cherry (University of California, Davis).
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Le Sage's theory of gravitation Le Sage's theory of gravitation is a kinetic theory of gravity originally proposed by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690 and later by Georges-Louis Le Sage in 1748. The theory proposed a mechanical explanation for Newton's gravitational force in terms of streams of tiny unseen particles (which Le Sage called ultra-mundane corpuscles) impacting all material objects from all directions. According to this model, any two material bodies partially shield each other from the impinging corpuscles, resulting in a net imbalance in the pressure exerted by the impact of corpuscles on the bodies, tending to drive the bodies together. This mechanical explanation for gravity never gained widespread acceptance, although it continued to be studied occasionally by physicists until the beginning of the 20th century, by which time it was generally considered to be conclusively discredited.
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American Journal of Sociology The American Journal of Sociology was established in 1895 by Albion Small and is the oldest academic journal of sociology in the United States. The journal is attached to the University of Chicago's sociology department and it is published bimonthly by The University of Chicago Press. Its editor-in-chief is Elisabeth Clemens (University of Chicago). The journal presents work on the theory, methods, practice, and history of sociology. It also publishes sociology-related papers by scholars from outside sociology, speaking to sociologists, social scientists, and the general sociological reader. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 2.574, ranking it 7th out of 142 journals in the category "Sociology".
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Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Department of Economics, University of Oxford. The journal was established in 1939 as the "Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics" and became the "Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics" in 1973. The journal publishes articles on applied economics with emphasis placed on the practical importance, theoretical interest and policy-relevance of their results. General topics include macroeconomics, microeconomics, derivatives, investment and interest rates.
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Maxwell's demon In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment created by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in which he suggested how the second law of thermodynamics might hypothetically be violated. In the thought experiment, a demon controls a small door between two chambers of gas. As individual gas molecules approach the door, the demon quickly opens and shuts the door so that fast molecules pass into the other chamber, while slow molecules remain in the first chamber. Because faster molecules are hotter, the demon's behavior causes one chamber to warm up as the other cools, thus decreasing entropy and violating the second law of thermodynamics.
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Lorentz–Lorenz equation The Lorentz–Lorenz equation, also known as the Clausius–Mossotti relation and Maxwell's formula, relates the refractive index of a substance to its polarizability. Named after Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Ludvig Lorenz.
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The Journal of Psychology The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied is a bimonthly double-blind, peer-review psychology journal published by Taylor & Francis. The "Journal of Psychology" was founded in 1935 by Carl Murchison, an American psychologist, organizer, publisher, and editor. He co-founded the "Journal of Genetic Psychology", the "Journal of Social Psychology", and the "Journal of General Psychology", among others. In 2009, Heldref sold the ownership of the titles to Taylor & Francis.
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Liénard–Wiechert potential Liénard–Wiechert potentials describe the classical electromagnetic effect of a moving electric point charge in terms of a vector potential and a scalar potential in the Lorenz gauge. Built directly from Maxwell's equations, these potentials describe the complete, relativistically correct, time-varying electromagnetic field for a point charge in arbitrary motion, but are not corrected for quantum-mechanical effects. Electromagnetic radiation in the form of waves can be obtained from these potentials. These expressions were developed in part by Alfred-Marie Liénard in 1898 and independently by Emil Wiechert in 1900.
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Proceedings of the British Academy The Proceedings of the British Academy is a series of academic volumes on subjects in the humanities and social sciences. The first volume was published in 1905. Up to 1991, the volumes (appearing annually from 1927) mostly consisted of the texts of lectures and other papers read at the academy, plus obituary notices or "memoirs" of Fellows of the British Academy. From 1992 the "Proceedings" became an irregular series through the addition of thematic volumes of papers, typically derived from academic conferences held at the academy. After 2011-2012, the publication of the texts of lectures was transferred to the new online open access "Journal of the British Academy", and the publication of obituary notices was transferred to a separate "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy" series. The "Proceedings of the British Academy" series therefore now focuses on the publication of themed volumes of essays, and is open to proposals from prospective volume editors.
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Writing of Principia Mathematica Isaac Newton composed "Principia Mathematica" during 1685 and 1686, and it was published in a first edition on 5 July 1687. Widely regarded as one of the most important works in both the science of physics and in applied mathematics during the Scientific Revolution, the work underlies much of the technological and scientific advances from the Industrial Revolution (usually dated from 1750) which it helped to create.
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Cavendish Professor of Physics The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded on 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory, which was completed three years later. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire endowed both the professorship and laboratory in honor of his relative, chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish.
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The Assayer The Assayer (Italian: "Il Saggiatore" ) was a book published in Rome by Galileo Galilei in October 1623 and is generally considered to be one of the pioneering works of the scientific method, first broaching the idea that the book of nature is to be read with mathematical tools rather than those of scholastic philosophy, as generally held at the time.
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Laplace's demon In the history of science, Laplace's demon was the first published articulation of causal or scientific determinism by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1814. According to determinism, if someone (the Demon) knows the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe, their past and future values for any given time are entailed; they can be calculated from the laws of classical mechanics.
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Maxwell relations Maxwell's relations are a set of equations in thermodynamics which are derivable from the symmetry of second derivatives and from the definitions of the thermodynamic potentials. These relations are named for the nineteenth-century physicist James Clerk Maxwell.
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Nature (journal) Nature is an English multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869. It was ranked the world's most cited scientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 "Journal Citation Reports" and is ascribed an impact factor of approximately 38.1, making it one of the world's top academic journals. It is one of the few remaining academic journals that publishes original research across a wide range of scientific fields. "Nature" claims an online readership of about 3 million unique readers per month. The journal has a weekly circulation of around 53,000 but studies have concluded that on average a single copy is shared by as many as eight people.
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The Evolution of Physics The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity and Quanta is a science book for the lay reader, by Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld, tracing the development of ideas in physics. It was originally published in 1938 by Cambridge University Press. It was a popular success, and was featured in a Time magazine cover story.
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Elisabeth Maxwell Dr Elisabeth "Betty" Maxwell (11 March 1921 – 7 August 2013) was a French born researcher into the Holocaust who established the journal "Holocaust and Genocide Studies" in 1987. She was married to the publishing tycoon Robert Maxwell.
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Maxwell's thermodynamic surface Maxwell’s thermodynamic surface is an 1874 sculpture made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). This model provides a three-dimensional plot of the various states of a fictitious substance with water-like properties. This plot has coordinates volume (x), entropy (y), and energy (z). It was based on the American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs’ graphical thermodynamics papers of 1873. The model, in Maxwell's words, allowed "the principal features of known substances [to] be represented on a convenient scale."
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Edinburgh Mathematical Notes Edinburgh Mathematical Notes was a mathematics journal published from 1909 until 1961 by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society.
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Life Science Library The Life Science Library is a series of hardbound books published by Time Life between 1963 and 1967, popular in its prime. Each of the twenty-six volumes explore a major topic of the natural sciences. They are intended for, and written at a level appropriate to, an educated lay readership. In each volume, the text of each of eight chapters is followed by a "Picture Essay" lavishly illustrating the subject of the preceding chapter. They were available in a monthly subscription from "Life" magazine. Each volume takes complex scientific concepts and provides explanations that can be easily understood. Einstein's Theory of Relativity is explained in a cartoon about a spy drama involving a train traveling very close to the speed of light; probability is explained with poker hands and the atomic table with common household items. Although progress has overtaken much of them, their explanations of basic science and the history of discovery in an area is still excellent. The Consulting Editors of the series are microbiologist René Dubos, physicist Henry Margenau, and physicist and novelist C. P. Snow.