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[ { "text": "The division of the cellular contents is not always equal and can vary by cell type as seen with oocyte formation where one of the four daughter cells possess the majority of the cytoplasm.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division" } ]

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[ { "text": "The first division produces a daughter cell, and a much smaller polar body which may or may not undergo a second division.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[ { "value": "into the “vegetal pole”", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 }, { "value": "into the “animal pole”", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "usually", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 }, { "value": "in this case", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The situation is a little different with animals that have large yolk sacs within the zygote; in this case the first division usually separates the embryo into the “vegetal pole” which will contain the yolk, and the “animal pole” which sits on top; even then it’s not clear which you would consider the original zygotic cell - in this case they’re different, but both are different from the original cell as well.", "source": "https://www.quora.com/When-does-the-original-zygote-cell-cease-to-exist-in-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells usually undergo a process of nuclear division, called mitosis, followed by division of the cell, called cytokinesis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

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[ { "text": "The asymmetric division in these cells is regulated by cancer niche (microenvironment) and Wnt pathway.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division" } ]

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[ { "text": "Zygote formation is the first process of embryo where sperm of male and ovum of female fertilised in fallopian tube then zygote begins rapid mitotic division which is beginning of human development, zygote the cells divide, after about 4 days, the zygote consists of 32 cells.", "source": "https://www.quora.com/Which-comes-first-zygote-or-embryo-Why" } ]

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[ { "text": "This means that the molar zygote's cellular division continues unchecked, resulting in a cancerous growth that overtakes the viable fetus.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" } ]

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[ { "text": "This division of cells to create two identical cells is called mitosis, and it is both how your body replenishes dead and worn-out calls throughout the body and how single-celled organisms such as bacteria reproduce and \"birth\" entire copies of themselves.", "source": "https://sciencing.com/what-is-a-zygote-13714437.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "This means that the molar zygote's cellular division continues unchecked, resulting in a cancerous growth that overtakes the viable fetus.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "In humans this occurs, on average, after 52 divisions, known as the Hayflick limit.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division" } ]

[ { "value": "in meiosis ii", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In meiosis II, division of the daughter cell produces a second polar body, and a single haploid cell, which enlarges to become an ovum.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[ { "value": "by flemming", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "We propose to apply the terms Maiosis or Maiotic phase to cover the whole series of nuclear changes included in the two divisions that were designated as Heterotype and Homotype by Flemming.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "This mitotic division involves the formation of:", "source": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080430213441AAIZZod" } ]

[ { "value": "into four", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "into two cells", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The cleavage divisions subdivide the zygote first into two cells, then into four, then into eight, and so on.", "source": "https://www.thescottsmithblog.com/2018/09/life-begins-at-conception-all-science.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The divisions that produce these quartets occur at an oblique angle, an angle that is not a multiple of 90°, to the animal-vegetal axis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_%28embryo%29" } ]

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[ { "text": "Additionally, prior to the division, genetic material from the paternal and maternal copies of each chromosome is crossed over, creating new combinations of code on each chromosome.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[ { "value": "often", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In angiosperms, the first division of the zygote is often, although not always, asymmetric and sets up an apical cell toward the chalazal end and a basal cell toward the micropylar end of the ovule (Fig. 1-3).", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "Division of a zygote is called cleavage, which is mitosis.", "source": "http://faculty.baruch.cuny.edu/jwahlert/bio1003/development.html" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "The division of the cellular contents is not always equal and can vary by cell type as seen with oocyte formation where one of the four daughter cells possess the majority of the cytoplasm.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "In angiosperms, the first division of the zygote is often, although not always, asymmetric and sets up an apical cell toward the chalazal end and a basal cell toward the micropylar end of the ovule (Fig. 1-3).", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "About 24 hours after the fusion, the first division of the new cell happens, and it is no longer called zygote.", "source": "https://www.invitra.com/en/differences-between-a-zygote-an-embryo-and-a-fetus/" } ]

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[ { "text": "The zygote now begins to cleave, with each division occurring into two cells called blastomeres.", "source": "http://www.visembryo.com/baby/2.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "the first division of the zygote begins about ........ after fertilization and is completed about ....... later", "source": "https://quizlet.com/272491027/cleavage-of-the-zygote-flash-cards/" } ]

[ { "value": "toward the chalazal end", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In angiosperms, the first division of the zygote is often, although not always, asymmetric and sets up an apical cell toward the chalazal end and a basal cell toward the micropylar end of the ovule (Fig. 1-3).", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[ { "value": "in meiosis ii", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In meiosis II, division of the daughter cell produces a second polar body, and a single haploid cell, which enlarges to become an ovum.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "The female reproductive system likewise contains two main divisions: the vagina and the Ovum.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproduction" } ]

[ { "value": "subsequently", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Zygote formed by the process of fertilization undergoes rapid mitotic divisions to form blastocyst and subsequently the fetus.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "compared with bilateral meroblastic cleavage", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "in bilateral holoblastic cleavage", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In bilateral holoblastic cleavage, the divisions of the blastomeres are complete and separate; compared with bilateral meroblastic cleavage, in which the blastomeres stay partially connected.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_%28embryo%29" } ]

[ { "value": "almost", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Once the single sperm enters the oocyte, it completes the division of the second meiosis forming a haploid daughter with only 23 chromosomes, almost all of the cytoplasm, and the sperm in its own pronucleus.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "Meiosis is the process of nuclear division that forms gametes.", "source": "https://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/5-cell-division-reproduction-and-dna" } ]

[ { "value": "by flemming", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "We propose to apply the terms Maiosis or Maiotic phase to cover the whole series of nuclear changes included in the two divisions that were designated as Heterotype and Homotype by Flemming.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "Twins are formed when a zygote goes under the multiple divisions.", "source": "https://www.difference.wiki/zygote-vs-fetus/" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "Early cleavage divisions in most embryos are reductive.", "source": "http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap13/Chapter_13B.html" } ]

[ { "value": "at 90 degrees", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The second division is also longitudinal, but at 90 degrees to the plane of the first.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/cleavage-embryo" } ]

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[ { "text": "When a fertilized egg cell divides at the starting point of conceptual life, slight imperfection in division known as mutation causes genetic variations leading to a wide array of biodiversity.", "source": "https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Fertilized+egg+cell" } ]

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[ { "text": "Zygote formed by the process of fertilization undergoes rapid mitotic divisions to form blastocyst and subsequently the fetus.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "The pronuclei migrate toward the center of the oocyte, rapidly replicating their DNA as they do so to prepare the zygote for its first mitotic division.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

[ { "value": "compared with bilateral meroblastic cleavage", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "in bilateral holoblastic cleavage", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In bilateral holoblastic cleavage, the divisions of the blastomeres are complete and separate; compared with bilateral meroblastic cleavage, in which the blastomeres stay partially connected.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_%28embryo%29" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "Zygote formed by the process of fertilization undergoes rapid mitotic divisions to form blastocyst and subsequently the fetus.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "In mammals, by this strict definition, the zygote ceases to exist at the first cell division; the earliest cleavage divisions in mammals is symmetrical, meaning that the two daughter cells are functionally identical, so it is not possible to point to one or other and say which is the “original” cell.", "source": "https://www.quora.com/When-does-the-original-zygote-cell-cease-to-exist-in-development" } ]

[ { "value": "to the first two", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The third division is perpendicular to the first two and is equatorial in position.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/cleavage-embryo" } ]

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[ { "text": "Metabolism has two distinct divisions: catabolism, in which the cell breaks down complex molecules to produce energy and reducing power, and anabolism, in which the cell uses energy and reducing power to construct complex molecules and perform other biological functions.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

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[ { "text": "The divisions that produce these quartets occur at an oblique angle, an angle that is not a multiple of 90°, to the animal-vegetal axis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_%28embryo%29" } ]

[ { "value": "in each ascus", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "to four", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "to four a", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "One further mitotic division leads to four A and four a nucleus in each ascus.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" } ]

[ { "value": "toward the chalaza", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 }, { "value": "respectively", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "toward the micropyle) cells", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The first division of the zygote sets out apical (toward the chalaza) and basal (toward the micropyle) cells, which give rise to the embryo proper and the suspensor, respectively.", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "In animals, fertilization of the ovum by a sperm results in the formation of a diploid zygote that develops by repeated mitotic divisions into a diploid adult.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "zona pellucid still intact (division occurs within the ZP)", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lecture_-_Week_1_and_2_Development" } ]

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[ { "text": "The first division of the zygote is transverse.", "source": "https://sentencedict.com/zygote.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "Errors can occur during either of the two meiotic divisions that produce each polar body, but are more pronounced if they occur during the formation of the first polar body, because the formation of the first polar body influences the chromosomal makeup of the second.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_body" } ]

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[ { "text": "The first three divisions in the apical cell, which give rise to the eight-celled proembryo, are numbered, (d-h)", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "The male reproductive system contains two main divisions: the testes where sperm are produced, and the penis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "This division of cells to create two identical cells is called mitosis, and it is both how your body replenishes dead and worn-out calls throughout the body and how single-celled organisms such as bacteria reproduce and \"birth\" entire copies of themselves.", "source": "https://sciencing.com/what-is-a-zygote-13714437.html" } ]

[ { "value": "in position", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The third division is perpendicular to the first two and is equatorial in position.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/cleavage-embryo" } ]

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[ { "text": "The reduction of chromosomal number ... from 46 (the diploid number or 2n) to 23 (the haploid number or n) is accomplished by a cellular division termed meiosis. ...", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "tightly", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Why must cell division be tightly regulated?", "source": "https://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/5-cell-division-reproduction-and-dna" } ]

[ { "value": "in this process", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 }, { "value": "to distinguish it", "type": "PURPOSE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "These nuclei, at this very early stage of the zygote, are called pronuclei.", "source": "https://sciencing.com/what-is-a-zygote-13714437.html" }, { "text": "The nucleus of the oocyte is called a pronucleus in this process, to distinguish it from the nuclei that are the result of fertilization.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "Small nuclei in the middle and right panels are polar bodies.", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" }, { "text": "The two central-cell maternal nuclei (polar nuclei) that contribute to the endosperm arise by mitosis from the single meiotic product that also gave rise to the egg.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "Identifiable stages are : ovum , an unfertilized egg; nucleus and nucleolus are visible", "source": "http://faculty.baruch.cuny.edu/jwahlert/bio1003/development.html" }, { "text": ", an unfertilized egg; nucleus and nucleolus are visible zygote , a fertilized egg (diploid); the nucleus is not visible", "source": "http://faculty.baruch.cuny.edu/jwahlert/bio1003/development.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The tightly packed male nucleus loses its tail and also expands forming the male pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "The tightly packed male nucleus loses its tail and also expands forming the male pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

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[ { "text": "After the oocyte finishes meiosis, the paternal and maternal chromosomes come together, resulting in the formation of a zygote containing a single diploid nucleus.", "source": "https://www.thescottsmithblog.com/2018/09/life-begins-at-conception-all-science.html" }, { "text": "… Fertilization takes place in the oviduct … resulting in the formation of a zygote containing a single diploid nucleus.", "source": "https://www.lifenews.com/2015/01/08/41-quotes-from-medical-textbooks-prove-human-life-begins-at-conception/" } ]

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[ { "text": "Fertilization is a sequence of events that begins with the contact of a sperm (spermatozoon) with a secondary oocyte (ovum) and ends with the fusion of their pronuclei (the haploid nuclei of the sperm and ovum) and the mingling of their chromosomes to form a new cell.", "source": "https://www.thescottsmithblog.com/2018/09/life-begins-at-conception-all-science.html" }, { "text": "Fertilization is a sequence of events that begins with the contact of a sperm (spermatozoon) with a secondary oocyte (ovum) and ends with the fusion of their pronuclei (the haploid nuclei of the sperm and ovum) and the mingling of their chromosomes to form a new cell.", "source": "http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/abortion/scientific-communitys-responses-to-the-question-when-does-life-begin.cfm" } ]

[ { "value": "genetically", "type": "MANNER", "support": 2 } ]

[ { "text": "In line with this latter principle, many animals of different species have eventually been cloned each from a fully differentiated nucleus after its transfer into an enucleated oocyte (see Box 1 and Fig. 2), providing a clear evidence that a fully differentiated nucleus is still genetically totipotent", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" }, { "text": "Using SCNT, John Gurdon unambiguously showed that a fully differentiated nucleus can give rise to a mature animal and is therefore genetically totipotent .", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]

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[ { "text": "The nucleus is spherical and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" }, { "text": "The nucleus is spherical and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

[ { "value": "from compacted sperm", "type": "CAUSE", "support": 1 }, { "value": "by replacing protamines", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "However, paternal nuclei are formed from compacted sperm by replacing protamines with histones25,26.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" }, { "text": "After several thousand nuclei have been formed, they migrate to the margins of the egg.", "source": "http://biology-pages.info/E/EmbryonicDevelopment.html" } ]

[ { "value": "from the cytoplasm", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 2 } ]

[ { "text": "The nucleus is spherical and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" }, { "text": "The nucleus is spherical and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

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[ { "text": "The tightly packed nucleus of the mature oocyte now spreads out and forms the female pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "The tightly packed nucleus of the mature oocyte now spreads out and forms the female pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "The tightly packed male nucleus loses its tail and also expands forming the male pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "The tightly packed male nucleus loses its tail and also expands forming the male pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "The tightly packed nucleus of the mature oocyte now spreads out and forms the female pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "The tightly packed nucleus of the mature oocyte now spreads out and forms the female pronucleus.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

[ { "value": "recently", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 }, { "value": "from metaphase", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Zygotic maternal nuclei and somatic cells are both predominantly in G1 phase and recently experienced chromosome decondensation from metaphase, which makes their global genome organization most similar.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "This nucleus contains all of the genetic information needed to produce the organism it was removed from.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cells" } ]

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[ { "text": "This nucleus is then injected into an ovum of the same species which has had its own genetic material removed.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cells" } ]

[ { "value": "overnight", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "After heat inactivation at 65 °C for 20 min, the nuclei were treated with 0.5 mg/ml proteinase K in an equal volume of 2× digestion buffer (20 mM Tris·HCl (pH 7.4), 200 mM NaCl, 2% SDS and 10 mM EDTA) at 55 °C overnight.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201782" } ]

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[ { "text": "With the yolk positioned in the center of the egg cell, the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the egg, and the plasma membrane grows inward, partitioning the nuclei into individual cells.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_%28embryo%29" } ]

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[ { "text": "One study in particular states that the position of the nucleus in each blastomere can be used to indicate how the cell will divide: if the nucleus is in the apical region then the cell will likely divide symmetrically, while if the nucleus is located in the basal region then the cell will likely divide asymmetrically.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere" } ]

[ { "value": "within tads", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 }, { "value": "at loops", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "We conclude that a single nucleus shows enrichments of interactions between regions of the same compartment type, within TADs and at loops.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

[ { "value": "like the united sperm", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "like oocyte genomes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Note that, like the united sperm and oocyte genomes, an individual nucleus at distinct differentiated epigenetic states (fibroblasts, T cells, or B cells) can be reprogrammed by an enucleated oocyte, which is lacking any of its own nuclear genetic material, to totipotency and gives rise to an animal.", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]

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[ { "text": "During pollen tube growth towards the ovary, the generative nucleus divides to produce two separate sperm nuclei (haploid number of chromosomes) –", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "In some cases all four megaspores survive, for example in the Fritillaria type of development (illustrated by Lilium in the figure) there is no separation of the megaspores following meiosis, then the nuclei fuse to form a triploid nucleus and a haploid nucleus.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_sac" } ]

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[ { "text": "SCNT was originally developed by King and Briggs to test whether a differentiated nucleus still retains full developmental potency .", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]

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[ { "text": "The two sequential divisions of meiosis lead to four haploid nuclei, two of the A mating type and two of the a mating type.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" } ]

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[ { "text": "Each new nucleus contains the exact same number and type of chromosomes as the original cell.", "source": "https://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/5-cell-division-reproduction-and-dna" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "that is, where the cell’s nucleus is transferred into an enucleated egg, the new egg is electrically stimulated to create an embryo, and the embryo is transferred to a woman’s uterus and brought to term.", "source": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stem-cells/" } ]

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[ { "text": "In some cases all four megaspores survive, for example in the Fritillaria type of development (illustrated by Lilium in the figure) there is no separation of the megaspores following meiosis, then the nuclei fuse to form a triploid nucleus and a haploid nucleus.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_sac" } ]

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[ { "text": "The diploid nucleus has 14 chromosomes formed from the two fused haploid nuclei that had 7 chromosomes each.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" } ]

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[ { "text": "The nucleus of the oocyte is called a pronucleus in this process, to distinguish it from the nuclei that are the result of fertilization.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "The nucleus of the other sperm cell fuses with two haploid polar nuclei (contained in the central cell) in the centre of the gametophyte.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation" } ]

[ { "value": "to form haploid basidiospores", "type": "PURPOSE", "support": 1 }, { "value": "including recombination", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The diploid nuclei of blastospores can undergo meiosis, including recombination, to form haploid basidiospores that can be dispersed.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal" } ]

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[ { "text": "The diploid nucleus in mammals is first seen at the 2-cell stage, whereas in sea urchins it is first found at the zygote stage.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronucleus" } ]

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[ { "text": "The diploid nucleus has 14 chromosomes formed from the two fused haploid nuclei that had 7 chromosomes each.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" } ]

[ { "value": "by protamines in sperm", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Paternal nuclei have a different biological history due to chromatin compaction by protamines in sperm and are thus different from somatic cells and maternal nuclei.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

[ { "value": "quickly", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Type 1 is when the nuclei fuse quickly, within a few days, resulting in mature zygospore having haploid nuclei.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomycota" } ]

[ { "value": "away from the neck cells", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Many conifers are unique in that the zygote undergoes a period of free-nuclear division without cell formation, producing usually four or eight nuclei, which move to the end of the zygote, away from the neck cells, where cleavage begins.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/plant-development/Early-development-from-zygote-to-seedling" } ]

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[ { "text": "Paternal nuclei have a different biological history due to chromatin compaction by protamines in sperm and are thus different from somatic cells and maternal nuclei.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "Although the egg half with the nucleus began cleaving normally, the other side did not begin cleavage until a nucleus finally slipped through the knot.", "source": "http://biology-pages.info/E/EmbryonicDevelopment.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "In species in which more than one spermatozoon normally enters an egg (polyspermy), only one spermatozoal nucleus actually merges with the egg nucleus.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/fertilization-reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "Now recall that zygote is female ova plus male nucleus delivered by sperm .", "source": "https://www.quora.com/How-does-one-zygote-create-different-types-of-cells-and-eventually-human-body" } ]

[ { "value": "with three white dots", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Triploid nuclei are shown as ellipses with three white dots.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_sac" } ]

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[ { "text": "Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and Its Applications Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) refers to a technology that a nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an oocyte or egg, whose nucleus is removed (enucleated oocyte) or inactivated before implantation of the somatic nucleus (Fig. 2).", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]