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14947_Cleaningsymbiosis | cleaning cleaning mutually beneficial association species cleaner removes eats parasites materials surface client cleaning known marine fish small species cleaner fish notably species genera specialised feed exclusively cleaning larger fish marine animals cleaning exist birds mammals groups cleaning behaviour described greek historian example birds serving appears occur rarely role cleaning debated thirty years believe cleaning represents operation essentially pure hold illustrates mutual believe cleaning behaviour simply sided exploitation form cheating cleaner client predatory species cleaner occurs predatory cheating analogous harmless wasp tables turned genuine cleaner fish colours patterns example evolution mutual resemblance cleaner fish analogous bees mimic history histories book ancient greek historian wrote lives chiefly river inside mouth constantly covered happens birds avoid lives peace owes bird leaves water comes land habit lying mouth wide open facing western breeze times goes mouth benefits pleased takes care hurt claimed circa called cleaning bird called possibly right existence cleaning little evidence quoted son travel agent reporting egypt seen spur winged approach opened jaws celebrated tourist agency egypt watched birds saw deliberately apparently asleep opened jaws bird closed jaws appeared short time probably minute opened jaws saw bird water edge birds cook shot identified spur winged question bird enters mouth set rest reviewing evidence found extensive observations regular occasional association species potential water resulted reports removing mouth snapping insects body disputed relationship cleaning relationship pair animals different species involving removal subsequent injured tissue unwanted food items surface host organism client cleaning organism cleaner status debated viewpoints ranging pure form cleaner marine biologist explains cleaning associations involve cleaner organisms remove material scales skin body surfaces apparently operating animals referred hosts customers clients cleaning behaviour highly developed inter specific communication systems known clients striking elaborate generally assumed accessible operation colleague reviewing thirty years debate cleaning argue cleaning associations sided exploitation quote example writing standpoint philosopher biology extent cleaning behavior ocean emphasizes role operation nature opposed tooth struggle existence mutual mathematical biologist wrote carefully cleaner organisms hosts meet evolution behavior host explained advantage able quickly repeatedly return cleaner mutual sided exploitation wrote clever parasites taken advantage rewarding aspects found nearly remark decades opinion scientists cleaning changed cooperation mutually beneficial interaction finally sided exploitation biological range cleaning known groups animals sea land table include fish birds clients include wider range fish marine reptiles including turtles octopus terrestrial mammals cleaning clients include fish cleaning teeth american eating giant scarlet crabs species removing marine best known cleaning marine fishes species small fish notably specialised colour pattern behaviour providing cleaning removal service larger predatory fish cleaner species shown table vary widely degree dependence clients essentially pure like cleaner like orange cleaner like combine little eating parasites beneficial client taking blood harmful client favoured food cleaner fish mutual cleaner fish cleaner fish different families caribbean neon cleaner share distinctive combination long narrow body longitudinal stripe blue colour small size signalling size stripes colour facilitate recognition fish clients analogous genuinely species mimic warning colours aggressive cleaner fish sabre toothed predatory aggressive mimic accurately resembles cleaner colour pattern dance cleaner makes potential client fish swim nearby instead providing cleaning service signals bites pieces healthy skin scales host rapidly away safety effect aggressive cleaning analogous harmless edible species copies warning signal model species gaining protection predators rate successful attacks cleaning clients like sabre toothed mimic cleaner frequency dependent meaning effective cheating rare compared cleaner difference aggressive mimic operative relationship cleaner client insert antagonistic predator prey interaction models prey | Cleaning symbiosis | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
16832_Invasivespecies | invasive species invasive species plant fungus animal species native specific location introduced species tendency spread degree believed cause damage environment human economy human health study pointed widely perceptions criteria invasive species researchers concerns term invasive alternate term term applies introduced species called non indigenous non native adversely affect habitats invade economically environmentally invasive species plants animals disrupt dominating region wilderness areas particular habitats urban interface land loss natural controls predators includes non native invasive plant species labeled exotic pest plants invasive growing native plant communities sense government organizations conservation groups european_union defines invasive alien species firstly outside natural distribution area secondly threaten biological diversity land managers researchers public vine grass yellow examples alternate usage term include indigenous native species non native species natural areas deer example considered native zones adjacent suburban gardens regions united_states term describe non native introduced species widespread introduced species adverse effects environment example common found united_states rarely high causes scientists include ecosystem factors mechanisms combined establish newly introduced species species based mechanisms species compete survive invasive species appear specific traits specific combinations traits allow native species cases competition rates growth reproduction cases species interact directly researchers disagree traits markers study found list invasive species invasive species identified traits study found invasive species tended small presumed traits similar traits found species requiring explanations common invasive species traits include following fast growth rapid reproduction high dispersal ability ability alter growth form suit current conditions tolerance wide range environmental conditions ecological ability live wide range food types association humans prior successful invasions typically introduced species survive low population invasive new location low population difficult introduced species reproduce maintain new location species reach location multiple times established repeated patterns human movement ships sailing ports cars driving highways offer repeated opportunities establishment known high pressure introduced species invasive native species resources nutrients light physical space water food species evolved great competition predation new environment host fewer able competitors allowing quickly ecosystems capacity native species modeled zero sum systems gain loss native competitive superiority extinction native species increased populations rule invasive species native species extended time gradually superior competitive ability invasive species apparent population grows larger new location invasive species able use resources previously unavailable native species deep water sources accessed long ability live previously soil types example barbed introduced california soils low water retention low nutrient levels high calcium ratio possible heavy metal plant populations soils tend low density form dense stands soils crowd native species adapted poorly soils invasive species environment releasing chemical compounds modifying factors affecting behaviour creating positive negative impact species species like produce compounds effect competing species species like recruitment species arid environments providing appropriate conditions preventing early stages development examples yellow eastern european spread western west_coast states experiments chemical produced root negative effect plants evolved evolved native plants evolved defenses appear native habitats overwhelmingly successful competitors success lack success habitat necessarily imply success conversely examining habitats species successful reveal novel weapons defeat changes fire form originally highly fire adapted spreads rapidly burning increases frequency intensity heat fires providing large amounts dry fire season western north_america areas widespread altered local fire native plants survive frequent fires allowing extend maintain dominance introduced range occurs species physically habitat ways species example increase habitat complexity lake floors providing invertebrates live increase complexity nutrition provided waste products filter feeding increases density diversity benthic communities ecosystem based mechanisms ecosystems available resources extent resources organisms determines effects additional species ecosystem stable ecosystems exists use available resources mechanisms describe situation ecosystem suffered disturbance changes fundamental nature ecosystem changes forest fire occur normal succession favors native grasses introduced species spread faster natives use resources available native species nitrogen limiting factors situations species occupies niche native ecosystem species fill large varied roles highly specialized invading species fill native species create new example type found species ecosystem changes alter species example edge effects describe happens ecosystem disturbed land cleared agriculture boundary remaining habitat newly cleared land forms distinct habitat creating new winners possibly hosting species thrive outside boundary habitat interesting finding studies invasive species shown introduced populations great potential rapid adaptation explain introduced species able establish invasive new environments founder effects cause great decrease population size individuals begin opposed conversion actually lead increased founding populations allows rapid evolution following invasion events selection initially act capacity disperse tolerance new environment adaptation proceeds respond selective pressures new environment responses likely temperature climate change presence native species predator prey adaptations include changes morphology physiology rapid evolution species leads offspring higher fitness better suited environment pre adaptation post introduction evolution major factors evolution populations allows room changes better suit individual environment key evolution main goal best suited ecosystem species introduced ability accomplish quickly possible lead population high fitness pre adaptations evolution initial introduction play role success introduced species species adapted similar ecosystem contains traits happen suited area introduced likely fare better new environment addition evolution takes place introduction determine species able established new ecosystem reproduce thrive ecology traits invaded ecosystems claimed ecosystems higher species diversity subject invasive species fewer available later pointed highly diverse heavily invaded ecosystems argued ecosystems high species diversity susceptible invasion debate spatial scale invasion studies performed issue diversity affects remained unresolved small scale studies tended negative relationship diversity invasion large scale studies tended reverse result effect ability capitalize increased resource availability weaker species interactions common larger samples considered invasion likely ecosystems similar potential evolved island ecosystems prone invasion species faced strong competitors predators distance species populations makes likely open example phenomenon native bird populations guam invasive brown tree snake conversely invaded ecosystems lack natural competitors predators check growth native ecosystems invaded ecosystems experienced disturbance typically human induced disturbance invasive species chance establish competition natives able adapt disturbed ecosystem non native species including invasions associated human activity natural range extensions common species rate magnitude human extensions species tend larger natural extensions humans typically carry specimens greater distances natural forces early human occurred prehistoric humans introduced pacific rat include plants seeds imported pet trade moves animals borders escape invasive organisms away transport vehicles ballast water taken sea released port vessels largest non native aquatic species invasions world average day different species aquatic life transported vessels example freshwater native black seas probably reached ballast water vessel invasion noted plan successfully implemented shortly plan continued flaw ships loaded cargo reach need tested transfer ballast ports arrival invasive new site function site species introduced intentionally example feel home american colonists formed societies repeatedly imported birds native europe north_america distant lands postal workers pennsylvania noticed noises coming inside box taiwan box contained dozen live beetles identified beetle hercules beetle king beetle species native threatened native ecosystems prevent exotic species problem special handling permits required living materials shipped foreign countries programs attempt prevent exotic species america economics plays major role exotic species introduction high demand valuable chinese crab explanation possible intentional release species foreign waters impacts invasive species exploit disturbances ecosystem roads foot trails area large soils adding variety nutrients resulting free entrenched species lose advantage leaving room circumstances plants roots advantage non natives ability benefit low intensity fire burns removes surface vegetation leaving natives rely seeds propagation find occupied seeds finally impact suppression spreading occur remote areas needing fire suppression crews travel forest reach site crews bring invasive seeds seeds established thriving colony weeks controlling outbreak need years continued attention prevent spread disturbing soil surface cutting destroys native cover soil accelerate invasions suburban urban interface areas vegetation clearance brush removal municipalities space result excessive removal native shrubs soil light competition invasive plant species fire suppression vehicles major vehicles driven roads invasive plant species vehicle prime vessel transport response large fires washing stations vehicles engaging suppression activities large attract firefighters remote places increasing potential seed transport effects ecological land clearing human significant pressure local species disturbed habitats prone invasions adverse effects local ecosystems changing ecosystem functions species wetland plant known hawaii indigenous regarded pest species artificially manipulated water bird quickly covers shallow established endangered hawaiian making undesirable feeding areas birds multiple successive introductions different non native species interactive effects introduction second non native species enable invasive species flourish examples introductions gem european green crab gem introduced california harbor east_coast united_states century ago found small quantities harbor displaced native species mid-1990s introduction european green crab found prey native resulted decline native increase introduced populations region south_africa cattle grazing past centuries allowed invasive small trees displace original grassland resulting massive reduction forage native 1970s large scale efforts underway reduce invasive species partial success led establishment species left region examples species blue white invasive species change functions ecosystems example invasive plants alter fire nutrient cycling smooth native ecosystems invasive species closely related rare native species potential native species harmful effects led decline extinction native species example introduced threatens existence california invasive species cause competition native species endangered species endangered species act risk primary effects invasive plants example montana vine native asia widely introduced southeastern usa early 20th century control soil erosion primary effects invasive animals example invasion chinese crab resulted higher rates economic benefits non native species benefits asian example filter water better native grow faster withstand disease better natives currently considering releasing chesapeake_bay help restore stocks remove pollution recent study found asian significantly benefit bay deteriorating water quality additionally species invaded area long ago found beneficial niche environment example shown population genetic analysis invasive species north_america important apple trees bushes costs economic costs invasive species separated direct costs production loss agriculture forestry management costs estimated damage control cost invasive species billion annually economic losses occur loss recreational tourism revenues economic costs invasions calculated production loss management costs low consider environmental damage monetary values assigned extinction species loss biodiversity loss ecosystem services costs impacts invasive species drastically increase following examples different sectors economy demonstrate impact biological invasions economic opportunities invasions offer potential commercial benefits instance silver common harvested human food exported markets familiar product processed pet foods feed water turned fuel invasive species flora fauna introduction habitat native system response movement explores idea eating invasive species order control reduce eliminate populations world begun seeking invasive species alternative ingredients connecticut created invasive species menu world point foreign species entrenched new place virtually taken waters caribbean gulf_of_mexico impossible critics argue encouraging consumption effect spreading harmful species widely proponents argue humans ability eat away species appetite pointing animals humans able hunt extinction bird caribbean monk seal passenger proponents point success jamaica significantly decreasing population encouraging consumption fish plant industry reduce yield agriculture provide essential nutrients deep rooted nutrients dynamic deposit provide habitat beneficial insects provide foods pest species species accidental introductions accompany seeds imported plant material introduced compete native forage plants threaten young cattle spines yellow forage loss invasive amounts nearly billion decline services loss fruit production caused honey bees infected invasive introduced rats farms destroying stored grains invasive plant insect plant diseases suppress agricultural yields nursery stock citrus disease invasive asian citrus impacts disease citrus crops citrus highly regulated areas found common species introductions mainly species economic potential forestry introduction forest pest species plant change forest ecology damage timber industry overall forest ecosystems widely invaded exotic plants asian long beetle introduced expected damage millions acres hardwood trees thirty million dollars spent attempts pest protect millions trees affected regions inflicted damage old growth spruce fir forests damages christmas tree industry chestnut fungus dutch disease plant impacts species forest health problematic invasive plant species eastern north american forests characteristics slightly different surrounding native plants results highly successful species altering composition function native communities forest affects growth rate tree likely alter forest regeneration impact forest composition future tourism recreation invasive species impact outdoor recreation fishing hunting hiking wildlife viewing water based activities damage wide array environmental services important recreation including limited water quality quantity plant animal diversity species abundance states little research performed estimate corresponding economic losses spatial scales regions states parts fill lakes plants fishing boating loud introduced common real estate values affected neighborhoods hawaii health humans previously remote ecosystems exposed exotic diseases hiv wider population introduced birds insects fly serve human introduced chinese crabs carriers asian lung recorded history human diseases malaria yellow fever plague spread recent example introduced disease spread virus killed humans birds mammals reptiles disease agents cholera bacteria agents harmful transported ballast water invasive species accompanying control efforts long term public health implications instance applied treat particular pest species soil surface water biodiversity invasion considered drivers global biodiversity loss increasing tourism particularly true regulated fresh water systems ballast water rules improved situation invasive species drive local native species extinction competitive exclusion niche displacement related native species economic alien invasions result extensive changes structure composition global distribution sites introduction leading ultimately world fauna flora loss biodiversity difficult attribute species invasion scientific studies animal taxa concern impacts invasive species biodiversity consider actual evidence ecological economic relation potential risk genetic pollution native species threatened extinction process genetic pollution genetic pollution leads replacement local result numerical fitness advantage introduced species genetic pollution operate introduction habitat modification bringing previously isolated species contact hybrids resulting rare species abundant species swamp species gene pool apparent morphological observations degree gene flow normal preserves genes example migrating red wolf areas eastern north_carolina red wolf reintroduced study study invasive species biology majority research invasive organisms field ecology geography issue biological invasions especially important study invasive species influenced book ecology invasion animals plants drew limited research disparate fields create picture biological invasions studies invasive species remained sparse 1990s research field experienced large growth continues day research largely consisted field studies concerned terrestrial plants rapid growth field driven need language describe invasive species events despite little standard terminology exists study invasive species lacks official designation commonly referred invasion ecology generally invasion biology lack standard terminology significant problem largely arisen nature field terms numerous disciplines agriculture studies invasive species commonly performed isolation attempt avoid ambiguous vocabulary accompanies discussion invasive species scientific papers proposed new nomenclature system based taxa taxonomy human health economic factors model focused ecological factors model evaluated individual populations entire species classified population based success environment model applied equally indigenous introduced species automatically successful introductions harmful | Invasive species | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
17703_Anti-predatoradaptation | anti predator adaptation anti predator adaptations mechanisms developed evolution assist prey organisms constant struggle predators animal kingdom adaptations evolved stage struggle line defence consists avoiding detection mechanisms camouflage living underground alternatively prey animals ward attack advertising presence strong defences mimicking animals possess defences startling attacker signalling predator pursuit worthwhile distraction defensive structures spines living group members groups reduced risk predation despite increased group improved predator confusion likelihood predator attack individual prey species capable fighting predators chemicals communal defence materials finally species able escape caught sacrificing certain body parts crabs shed shed tails distracting predators long permit prey escape avoiding detection staying sight animals avoid prey living sight predators caves underground nocturnal animal behavior characterized activity night sleeping day form animals avoid predation enhance prey hunting predation risk long recognized critical shaping decisions example predation risk prime importance determining time evening emergence bats early access brighter times permits easier foraging leads higher predation risk bat hawks bat results evening emergence time compromise conflicting demands nocturnal adaptation seen rats exhibit avoidance forage relatively open habitats reduce activity outside nest response moon shift activity areas relatively dense cover compensate extra controlled experiments artificial moon like illumination similar responses foraging behavior suggesting behavior evolved reduce predation risk camouflage camouflage uses combination materials coloration illumination organism hard detect sight common terrestrial marine animals camouflage achieved different ways resemblance surroundings coloration shadow elimination self decoration cryptic behavior skin patterns color animals flat tail north_america evolved eliminate shadow blend ground bodies flattened sides thin edge body form white scales fringed sides allows effectively hide shadows additionally hide remaining shadows pressing bodies ground attack species use strategies deter predators startling predator animals including butterflies cephalopods use patterns threatening startling behaviour suddenly displaying conspicuous scare momentarily distract predator giving prey animal opportunity escape pursuit signals pursuit signals signals prey convince predators pursue example jumping high stiff legs arched thought signal predators high level fitness predator result predators choose pursue different prey likely warning calls given birds jay similarly honest signals predator prey predator informed detected save time energy giving chase prey protected attack playing dead pursuit signal playing dead form bluff animal dead body death avoid attacked predators seeking live prey predator order lure prey approaching example seen white tailed deer experience drop heart rate response approaching predators response referred alarm causes heart rate drop beats minute beat heart drop heart rate minutes causing experience depressed breathing rate decrease movement called response causes enter low body position position dead corpse discovery predator loses interest dead prey additionally symptoms alarm including cause predator lose interest distraction marine sea squid chance escape distracting attackers mixture chemicals mimic food confuse predators response predator animals groups release ink creating cloud affecting predator feeding senses causing attack cloud distraction displays attract attention predators away object typically nest young protected distraction displays performed species birds broken wing ground species fish occurs organism mimic signal properties organism model confuse organism results mimic gaining protection food mating advantages classical types defensive involve coloration warning signals avoid attacked predator harmless prey species appearance species predators reducing mimic risk attack form seen insects idea predators tried eat species learn associate colors markings unpleasant taste results predator learning avoid species displaying similar colors markings including species octopus mimic selection animals changing skin color skin pattern body motion attacks octopus octopus banded sea snake model chosen varies octopus predator habitat use selecting organism predators model forms share warning signals monarch butterflies birds avoid eating species wing patterns honestly signal unpleasant taste defensive structures spine sharp needle like structure inflict pain predators example seen nature fish sharp like spine tail fins able inflict deep wounds area spines brightly colored advertise defensive capability predators avoid defensive spines barbed poisonous spines long stiff break tip barbed stick predator contrast short spines modified hairs readily bend barbed body easily lost attacker species numerous spines dorsal surfaces species possess spines suffer predation larvae lack predator paper wasp chooses larvae spines given choice safety numbers group living decrease risk predation individual variety ways described effect effect seen animals living group risk attack individual group proposed group living evolved provides benefits individual group conspicuous larger common example fish experiments provide direct evidence decrease individual attack rate seen group living example horses horse fly attacks horses blood carrying diseases flies numerous horses gather large groups individuals attacked frequently water insects live surface fresh water attacked beneath predatory fish experiments varying group size water showed attack rate individual water decreases group size increases selfish herd selfish herd theory proposed explain animals seek central positions group refers idea reducing individual domain danger domain danger area group individual likely attacked predator center group lowest domain danger animals constantly gain position study testing hamilton selfish herd effect studied brown fur seal predation great white sharks seals researchers varied distance produce different domains danger seals greater domain danger increased risk shark attack predator radical strategy avoiding predators kill large majority emerging young population emerge rarely irregular intervals strategy seen dramatic form periodical emerge intervals years predators life cycle years unable reproduce rapidly response emergence predator likely evolutionary explanation unusual life cycle predators feast emerging unable consume fraction brief prey alarm calls animals live groups alarm calls warning attack example different calls depending nature attack eagle leopard cat loud bark snake hearing calls respond defensively differently case eagle look run cover leopard run trees snake stand legs look snakes seeing snake mob similar calls found species monkey birds different calls different responses improved improved effect groups able detect predators sooner solitary individuals predators success depends surprise prey alerted early attack improved chance escape example wood flocks preyed successful attacking larger flocks wood attacking smaller flocks larger flock size likely bird notice hawk sooner fly away flies alarm rest follow wild national park kenya feed groups birds subject predation lions group size increases frequency individual raises head look predators decreases able run speeds exceed lions great distances lions try attack head grouping present lions greater difficulty determining long heads stay individual decreases overall group increases predator confusion individuals living large groups safer attack predator confused large group size group moves predator greater difficulty targeting individual prey animal suggested zoologist colleagues example stationary single stands large size reduce risk attack travel striped patterns herd confuse predator making harder predator focus individual furthermore moving rapidly stripes create confusing motion effect eye predator fighting defensive structures spines ward attack mentioned need fight predator methods fighting include chemical defences defensive chemical defences animals use poisonous chemicals self defence concentrated surface structures spines giving attacker taste chemicals actually bites prey animal bitter ditch defence animal flesh toxic fish butterflies insects acquire food plants accumulate toxic beetle specialized tip abdomen allows direct toxic spray predators spray generated sprayed temperature armoured similarly release blood joints threatened species including threatened venom threatened blind predator strikes eye species texas able shoot blood eyes rapidly increasing blood pressure eye threatened individual lose blood single persistent predators like wolves defence drop attempt shake blood mouths suggesting fluid foul taste choose given choice suggesting learned prey body enormous amounts provoked stressed gelatinous dramatic effects flow water rapidly gills fish attempt capture predators typically release seconds pictured common predators include fish suggesting predatory fish avoid prey communal defence communal defence prey groups actively defend attacking predator allowing passive victims predation predator prey animals usually protect young social colonies example red exhibit threatened common predator male red group place predators group females juveniles males jump actively bite birds nest colonies colonies mob approaching predators shown reduce predation levels defensive birds insects use defensive ward predators northern bright orange substance called stomach oil threatened stomach oil aquatic causes predator feathers mat leading loss flying ability loss water especially dangerous aquatic birds water feathers protect diving food european roller chicks bright orange foul liquid sense danger prospective predators alert parents danger respond delaying return numerous insects utilize defensive eastern tent digestive fluid repel attacking ants similarly larvae disturbed ants properties help deter predator attacks unusual type predator observed malaysian exploding social rely protect entire colony self destructive acts benefit individuals colony worker leg contents compounds predator prevent predation serve signal enemy ants stop predation rest colony escaping flight normal reaction prey animal attacking predator flee available means flying falling swimming running jumping according animal capabilities escape paths erratic making difficult predator predict way prey example birds black headed evade fast flight tropical rain forests southeast_asia particular escape predators falling insects turn sharply fall perform powered dive response bats fish follows path doubling chased fish eating duck animals capable self ditch attempt predator grasp distract predator allow escape lost body later certain sea crabs sacrifice successive shed tails attacked tail goes distracting predator giving time escape smaller tail slowly | Anti-predator adaptation | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
18197_Beesandtoxicchemicals | bees toxic chemicals bees suffer effects toxic chemicals environments include synthetic chemicals variety naturally occurring chemicals plants resulting organic material bee result exposure fruits natural chemicals environment effects alcohol bees sufficiently similar effects alcohol humans honey bees models human bees humans sufficiently different bees safely collect plants contain compounds toxic humans honey produced bees toxic poisonous consumed humans humans eaten toxic honey seriously ill result natural processes introduce toxic substances honey produced honey convert honey process intentionally produce alcoholic called honey effects introduction certain chemical substances defensive toxic produced plants bee environment cause bee display abnormal unusual behavior sufficient quantities chemicals poison kill bee effects alcohol bees long recognized example described effect publication bees consumption poisoned chemicals balance affected walk group bees running wheels exhibit difficulties honey bees shuttle boxes encourage bees found mobile bee likely stick tongue bees spend time flying bee sufficiently lie legs bees typically flying accidents bees consume find way die result found alcohol consumption foraging social behaviors similar effects poisoning bees aggressive consuming alcohol exposure alcohol prolonged effect bees lasting long hours phenomenon observed fruit flies connected fruit flies present bees bees models research led realization bee models potentially valuable understanding human advances past decades understanding nervous systems impressive come approach study animals unexpected product parallel investigation nervous systems explored article view intricate web evolutionary convergence exhibited structure function nervous systems large groups animals behavior honey bees studied scientists sites potential model effects alcohol humans example research found significant reactions bees exposure purpose experiment test feasibility creating animal model consumption social insects experiments consumption learning suggest exposure influences behavior honey bees similarly observed experiments analogous found honey bee nervous system similar similarities pronounced possible derive information functioning human brains bees react certain chemicals researcher ohio_state explained molecular level brains honey bees humans work knowing chronic alcohol use affects genes proteins honey bee brain help eventually understand alcoholism affects memory behavior humans molecular basis addiction evaluation bee model begun appears promising bees fed solutions behavior observed researchers place bees tiny feed varying concentrations alcohol introduced sugar solutions tests foraging social interaction performed noted alcohol affects bees humans similar ways motor functioning learning memory processing interaction bees common medication administered treatment alcoholism tested bee exposure toxic chemicals synthetic chemicals bees severely fatally affected chemicals man introduced environment appear die substantial economic consequences agriculture problem object growing concern example researchers studying bees poisoned exposure seed france commissioned expert group study fatal effects chemicals agriculture bees researchers analysis czech_republic effects chemicals treat winter crops romania suffered severe case widespread bee extensive bee mortality published standards testing chemicals bee natural compounds bees substantially affected natural compounds environment example observed poland acting possibly manner eating derived north american published extensive review types plant etc effects bees consumed found chemical compounds repelled bees primarily compounds attracted bees report toxic levels especially cardiac plants known toxic honey bees cases killing adults cases creating problem passed brood plants toxic toxic thought members family bee plants reportedly rely chemicals produce bees use reproductive strategy plant claim uses mechanism south american bucket bucket attracts male bees scent derived variety compounds bees store compounds specialized inside swollen hind legs appear use scent derivatives thereof order attract females flower constructed way surface impossible smooth downward pointing hairs bees commonly slip fall fluid bucket route narrow passage sack body flower visited removes flower visited bee entered holds minutes allowing dry securing suggested process involves bees effect confirmed way bucket passes flower flower mechanism species specific possible closely related bees given species long bees similar size attracted compounds van der observed bees genera exhibit symptoms consuming suspected producing like female bee somewhat resembles female bee shape characteristics spread male bee blind drunk flower mistake suitable mate flower modest attempt unlikely given documented female produce male produce chemicals collect attract females suggests toxic honey substances toxic humans effect bees bees obtain certain flowers resulting honey toxic humans bees larvae poisoning honey called mad honey disease honey produced toxic plants produce animals birds consumed honey sun found incapable flight normal movement honey intentionally produce alcoholic honey water word drunk classical greek translated honey shared european antiquity conception names irish irish page english word russian word bear literally honey containing honey reported areas poppy cultivation widespread accidental humans mad honey documented classical authors notably deliberate use honey medicine practiced tribe long tradition hazardous cliff climbing precious nests giant honey collected owes properties giant bees gather deep red species turn owes compound widespread plant family genus belongs | Bees and toxic chemicals | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
18757_Aposematism | greek away sign coined commonly known context warning coloration describes family adaptations warning signal associated prey item potential predators involves advertising signal warning signal form conspicuous animal coloration sounds characteristics signals beneficial predator prey avoid potential harm exploited species strong defences evolve resemble mimicking similarly coloured species warning signal predators shared causing learn quickly cost species warning signals necessarily require species actually possesses chemical physical defences deter predators california mountain yellow red black bands similar highly eastern coral snake essentially successful model evolution warning signal mimicking species resembles species possesses strong defences known etymology term coined english zoologist book colours animals based term ancient greek words away sign referring signs warn animals away defence mechanism function prevent attack warning potential predators prey animal defences poisonous easily detected warning primary defence mechanism non visible defences secondary signals primarily visual bright colours high contrast patterns stripes warning signals honest indications prey tandem brighter conspicuous organism toxic usually common effective colours red yellow black white colours provide strong contrast green foliage resist changes shadow lighting strong contrast highly provide distance dependent camouflage forms warning provide distance dependent camouflage having effective pattern colour combination allow easy detection predator distance warning like close proximity allowing balance camouflage warning response background light conditions predator vision visible signals accompanied sounds behaviour provide multi signal effectively detected predators broadly understood created variety ways insects tiger contain bitter chemicals produces poison poison frog sting velvet black widow spider dangerous painful attack tiger advertise producing noises warn bats avoid warning expose brightly coloured body parts exposing velvet ants actually parasitic bright colours produce noises grabbed serve reinforce warning mammals predators smaller animal aggressive able defend example honey prevalence terrestrial ecosystems widespread insects confined smaller number fish species numerous poison frogs plants thought employ warn chemicals physical defences leaves insects acquire toxic chemicals host plants mammals advertise foul chemical defences sharply contrasting black white patterns fur brightly coloured birds contrasting patterns females male birds brightly coloured sexual selection edibility unclear significant marine ecosystems existence marine ecosystems controversial marine organisms particularly coral reefs brightly coloured patterned including fishes little connection chemical physical defenses caribbean reef brightly coloured defended relationship factors commonly cited examples marine ecosystems evidence contested examples species species nocturnal cryptic bright colours red end colour spectrum rapidly function water depth example spanish dancer genus largest tropical marine defended brilliantly red white nocturnal known expected weak defences gain measure protection resemblance species studies concluded family coral reefs coloured implicated mediterranean derive defensive chemicals diet crown like conspicuous coloration conspicuous long sharp spines chemical defences form evidence argued sufficient species considered proposed evident marine invertebrates terrestrial insects predation intense selective force insects disperse adults larvae shorter generation times evidence fish predators adapt visual cues rapidly birds making effective blue spend time hiding whilst displaying effective camouflage patterns dermal cells provoked quickly change colour bright yellow rings flashing bright blue second stated warning display pointed statements hypothesis tested behaviour defence mechanism relies memory predator bird experienced foul avoid repetition experience consequence species memory bad experience predator experience reinforced repetition organisms fashion little need speed agility instead morphology frequently tough resistant injury allowing escape predator warned species need hide stay cryptic organisms individuals benefit freedom exposed areas spend time foraging allowing find better quality food individuals similarly use conspicuous mating displays origins theory wallace wallace suggested letter conspicuous colour schemes insects evolved natural selection warning predators darwin proposed conspicuous explained species means sexual selection realised explain bright larvae sexually active wallace replied contrasting coloured bands warned defensive sting bright colours warn darwin enthusiastic idea wallace asked test hypothesis response conducted experiments birds provided experimental evidence warning animals concept warning extended colours animals animal possesses unpleasant attribute advantage advertise fact publicly possible way escapes great deal experimental conspicuous patterns strongly contrasted colours serve signal danger known warning colours warning colours nearly objects protective convenient describe introduced term book words second head includes warning colours recognition markings warn enemy called greek sign evolution evolutionary terms makes individuals conspicuous predators killed trait eliminated predators learn avoid warning puts individuals strong disadvantage species long beneficial supported explanations evidence explanations involving predators avoid new prey unknown quantity long lasting effect demonstrated species birds birds recall avoid objects conspicuous foul longer objects equally foul coloured suggests wallace original view warning helped teach predators avoid prey coloured correct birds inexperienced domestic chicks avoid coloured objects demonstrated painted yellow black resemble dull green controls implies warning works evolution predators meaning warning signal requiring new generation learn signal meaning results idea novel brightly coloured individuals likely eaten attacked predators alternative explanations possible predators fear unfamiliar forms long established likely temporary alternatively prey animals sufficiently form clusters tight enhance warning signal species predators learn avoid cluster protecting individuals new trait assist predators learn avoid prey favoured dense populations possibility gene located predators learn associate colour males trait females carry trait common predators understand signal fed predators ignore preferring prey species explanation females prefer brighter males sexual selection result males having higher reproductive success non males survive long mate sexual selection strong allow seemingly traits persist despite factors working trait individuals reach certain threshold population reason predator learning process spread larger number individuals likely trait warning completely population individuals originated individuals predator learning process result stronger warning signal surviving resulting higher inclusive fitness dead injured individuals selection sufficiently successful strategy significant effects evolution non species non species evolved mimic conspicuous markings counterparts example mimic wasp resembles wasp sting predator avoids wasp degree avoid known british naturalist studied butterflies second half 19th century frequency dependent effective ratio mimic model low predators learn recognise second form occurs organisms share anti predator adaptation mimic benefit species fewer individuals species need attacked predators learn avoid form known german naturalist studied phenomenon amazon late 19th century species bee wasp occur similar teaches predators striped pattern associated predator negative experience species likely avoid resemble future found mimic poison frog natural geographical range looks similar different species poison frog lives area | Aposematism | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
18958_Colonycollapsedisorder | colony collapse disorder colony collapse disorder phenomenon occurs majority worker bees colony disappear leave queen plenty food nurse bees care remaining immature bees queen occurred history known names disappearing disease spring disease autumn collapse fall disease syndrome renamed colony collapse disorder late conjunction drastic rise number western honey bee colonies north_america european observed similar phenomena belgium france netherlands greece italy portugal spain switzerland germany albeit lesser degree received reports decline greater colony collapse disorder causes significant economic losses agricultural crops staple foods worldwide western honey bees according worth global crops honey bee estimated close billion shortages bees increased cost farmers renting services years leading million lost nearly twice normal rate loss possible causes proposed single proposal gained widespread acceptance scientific community suggested causes include genetic factors loss habitat changing practices combination factors large speculation surrounded family called having caused history limited occurrences resembling documented early set symptoms past decades given different names disappearing disease spring disease autumn collapse fall disease recently similar phenomenon winter occurred attributed vampire scare ultimately confirmed cause appearance syndrome determined recognition syndrome restricted disease standard sense specific agent syndrome renamed documented outbreak colony losses spread rest losses later attributed combination factors including adverse weather intensive leading inadequate forage new infection chronic bee virus time cause agricultural problem similarly mysterious unknown reports behavior coined mystery disease eventually widely known disappearing disease reported afflicted disappearing disease louisiana plenty honey bees present reports attributed lack food dramatic reductions continued number feral honey bees significant somewhat gradual decline number colonies maintained decline includes cumulative losses factors use commercial retiring going business late early rate attrition alleged reached new proportions term colony collapse disorder began describe sudden referred spontaneous collapse syndrome united_kingdom losses remained stable 1990s year variety factors diseases management stress report mid november pennsylvania florida february large commercial migratory states reported heavy losses associated reports losses varied widely ranging bee colonies cases reported losses nearly colonies surviving colonies weakened longer able produce honey losses reported migratory operations california florida oklahoma texas late february larger mid atlantic pacific_northwest regions reported significant losses colony losses reported canadian provinces european countries countries south central_america asia reported data overall honey bee losses indicated estimated loss similar losses reported fewer colony losses occurred winter recent years total losses managed honey bee colonies causes nationwide marked improvement loss reported winter year average loss bee populations dropped winter formed task force address issue years leading million lost nearly twice normal rate loss according total number worldwide continues grow produced banned use crops bees challenging ban court signs symptoms collapsed colonies suspected complete absence adult bees found colonies little buildup dead bees colony collapsed generally characterized conditions occurring simultaneously presence capped brood abandoned colonies bees normally abandon capped brood hatched presence food stores honey bee immediately robbed bees attacked wax small beetle attack noticeably delayed presence queen bee queen present died considered precursor symptoms arise final colony collapse insufficient workforce maintain brood present workforce young adult bees colony members reluctant consume provided feed sugar protein supplement scope distribution north_america reported million honey producing united_states february million million numbers total number managed exclude thousand managed contracts include managed owning fewer representation offset practice counting moved different states produce honey counted state total summed total counts winter losses high occurred years regions pennsylvania normal winter losses typically considered range cases reporting significant losses bees experience true losses causes different states reported case survey responding states met specified criterion dead colonies found bees dead bees suffering operations total loss compared total loss colonies experienced non suffering survey colonies revealed total loss operations lost average number colonies operations reported having colonies die complete lack bees total loss colonies compared loss reported large operations likely suggesting condition factor colonies reported dead survey died presence dead bees possibly suffered reported data overall honey bee losses year indicate estimated loss similar losses reported loss blamed loss half honey bee far losses observed average previous years spring president barack_obama unveiled national strategy improving health bees key plan calls restoring million acres bee habitat variety different plants bees eat administration proposing spending million honey bee research europe according united_kingdom italy france reported bee population united_kingdom dropped study revealed italy mortality rate officials point figures reliable bees started dying way different countries collected statistics bee populations time reports blamed high death rate seasons unusually wet european summers president said hugely variable reports losing losing chairman losses members fifth quarter lot mysterious nearer knowing causing government continued deny existence britain attributes heavy losses rainy summers stop bees foraging food stated believe better defined cause colony losses continuing experience colony losses explained feels recent studies suggest evidence evolving picture complex interactions taking place number factors environmental practices causing honey bee losses described scotland reported losses past years based bee farmer honey lost winter attributed losses infection quickly spread lack bee coupled sustained poor weather prevented honey bees building sufficient stores germany reports europe appeared according german national association honey bee colonies died scientific confirmation early german media reported confirmed cases occurred germany end swiss government reported half bee population survived winter main cause decline thought parasite possible causes mechanisms unknown causes currently considered fungi practices use long distance transportation poor quality queens starvation current scientific consensus single factor causing factors combination lead colony collapse disorder based primarily established preliminary report pointed patterns drew strong conclusions survey early indicated believed starvation leading cause death colonies commercial overwhelmingly believed honey bee small beetles leading cause colony mortality scholarly review june similarly addressed numerous theories possible contributing factor left issue unresolved july released action plan outlined strategy addressing consisting main components survey data collection analysis samples hypothesis driven research action annual report colony collapse disorder steering committee published suggested caused interaction agents combination year published comprehensive descriptive study concluded including adult bee physiology loads levels single factor found consistency suggest agent bees colonies higher loads infected control populations suggesting greater exposure reduced defenses bees second annual report released november group reported associations including parasites identified course research increasingly clear single factor responsible findings indicated absence damaging levels parasite parasitic time collapse find association effects including common particular registered use control studies identified effects bees immune systems leave susceptible bee review examined studies colony collapse disorder bees including declining biodiversity climate change review concluded strong argument interaction parasites diet lies heart current bee health problems furthermore bees species likely encounter multiple lives likely reduce ability bees cope bee bee colony appears succumbed died exposed dose subject food stress turn drought heavy rain induced climate change competition high density honey bee placed nearby unfortunately conducting replicated studies effects multiple interacting bee colonies difficult number combinations rapidly large exposure hard impossible control free flying bees nonetheless strong argument interaction parasites diet lies heart current bee health problems according contributing peer reviewed literature review concluded amounts typically harm bees safer alternatives needed time sources suggest evidence conclusive clarity facts hampered role played issue advocates lobby groups scientists long concerned including possibly effects bees killing outright instead development behavior special interest class called contain active ingredient similar chemicals honey bees affected chemicals seed treatment known work way plant flowers leave taken bees lethal possible chronic problems caused long term exposure corn grown treated study found high levels exhaust study present soil fields near planted corn growing near fields study found exhaust equipment survey reported detected aggregate concentrations bee figure represents half individual reported suggested exposure acute reductions honey bee fitness effects materials combinations direct association declining bee health remains determined evaluating contributions particularly difficult reasons variety use different areas reporting makes difficult test possible simultaneously second commercial operations mobile transporting large geographic distances course season potentially exposing colonies different location bees place honey long term storage effectively meaning delay occur days months contaminated provisions fed colony attempts associate appearance symptoms actual time exposure occurred bee forage far likely enter colony stores carried externally bees carried internally kill bee toxic potentially lethal chemicals natural man affect adult bees primarily affect brood brood die appear happening significantly brood fed honey adult bees consume relatively little accordingly pattern suggests environment responsible likely honey adults dying leaving brood possibly effects contaminated consumed juveniles developed adults date evaluation possible roles relied use surveys submitted direct testing samples affected colonies likely needed especially given possible role applied soil taken plant tissues including applied crop present known effects insects including honey bees consistent symptoms example effects include apparent failure immune system europe interaction phenomenon dying bees discussed time study technique center discussion led partial ban france banned french minister agriculture primarily concern potential effects honey bees subsequently europe mainly labeled regent replacement found toxic bees banned partially france february french deputies led requested creation parliamentary investigation commission bees honey production decreased tons year decade august investigation opened based accused killing bees scientific committees european_union opinion available monitoring studies mainly performed france member states consider relevance studies circumstances country time french succeeded banning clinton administration permitted previously banned including bush administration reduced regulations applications increased team scientists led italy found obtained seeds dressed contain significant levels suggested cause honey bee colony death analysis crops originating seeds dressed suggest large amounts carried honey bee colonies solution documented affect foraging activity honey bees solution fed bees laboratory impaired communication hours laboratory field experiment decreased flight activity discrimination learning performance impaired research scientists found high levels samples wax lower levels chemicals try bee pest thought cause researchers professor confirmed high levels wax found association significantly reduced bee longevity work focused impact build high majority bees tested large said shown cause believe combination variety factors possibly including blamed spread bees study france found low ability locate resulting large numbers lost finding expedition mention symptoms studies shown acute effect honey bees designed eliminate insects similar bees colonial process toxic insect returning spreads brood large survey healthy affected colonies revealed elevated levels wax amounts similar failing healthy confirmed suspected links poor colony health inadequate diet long distance transportation studies continue high levels affected samples lower levels unaffected samples consistent observation healthy honey bee colonies normally fend observations led hypothesis bee declines resulting immune suppression honey bee provided possible explanation sensitivity bees number genes including researchers announced findings exposure rendered honey bees significantly susceptible infection fungus suggesting potential link given increasingly considered contribute interfere bees natural abilities causing preventing finding way researchers italy published findings drilling machines plant corn seeds coated release large amounts air causing significant mortality foraging honey bees according study experimental results environmental release particles containing produce high exposure levels bees lethal effects compatible colony losses phenomena observed commonly reduce colony growth new queen production experimental exposure matched field levels reported able replicate causes navigational failure foraging bees high mortality study provided strong evidence exposure levels high corn feed honey bees forage available causes bees exhibit symptoms consistent weeks researchers suggested observed delayed mortality honey bees caused novel plausible mechanism future studies march studies published showing affect bee long term short term memory suggesting cause action resulting failure return study scientists reported experiments suggested exposure results increased levels particular protein bees key involved immune response making insects susceptible attack harmful growth use roughly tracked rising bee deaths year british study showed definitive relationship increasing agricultural use escalating honey bee colony losses landscape level field study establish link july scientists found combination bees use feed researchers collected east coast discovered contaminated average different scientists found blend different agricultural chemicals sample chemicals identified associated increased risk infection analysis study published february strongly suggests pattern linking effects honey bees stating trace field realistic levels lethal effects reduce expected performance honey bees statistical power analysis showed published field trials reported effects honey bees incapable detecting predicted effects conventionally accepted levels certainty statement peer reviewed independent studies published showing previously routes exposure affecting bees including dust resulted failure return immediate primary research showed environmental persistence agricultural irrigation channels soil reports prompted formal peer review stated january pose high risk bees identified data gaps previously considered review concluded high acute risk honey bees identified exposure dust drift seed treatment uses rape high acute risk identified exposure author studies prompted review suggested industry science pertaining deliberately parliament asked manufacturer explain evidence submitted investigation banned european_union early issued declaration specific pose acute risk honey bees proposed year ban led key studies said decision begs question going chemicals approved chemical manufacturer said ready work member states april european_union voted year restriction ban restrict use use crops attractive bees nations voted motion including british government argued science incomplete ban seen application principle established rio conference environment development advocates lack scientific certainty shall reason cost effective measures prevent environmental degradation initiatives ban united_states march professional jointly filed lawsuit continuing allow use united_states suit specifically asks suspension lawsuit follows dramatic die bees united_states losing responded suit issuing report blaming decline bees claiming role bee extinction act introduced congress proposed act asks suspended review impacts occurred bill reintroduced march act currently debated research theories early researchers commented propagation functions manner disease sentiment existed disorder involve mechanism potentially linked stress leading weakened immune system specifically according research magnitude detected infectious agents adult bees suggests type researchers initially suggested connection suggesting combination bee deformed wing virus transmit bacteria work suppress immunity cause parasites honey bee fungal viral diseases small beetles problems introduced years continental faced colony dying cause healthy colonies nearby typical bee yard healthy colonies enter dying colony rob provisions use dying colony provisions contaminated natural man resulting pattern healthy colonies sick proximity dying colony suggest observer disease involved typical cases provisions dying colonies robbed suggesting particular mechanism spread mimicking disease involved additional evidence infectious disease came following observations colonies died reused healthy colony treated dna destroying radiation report indicated exhibiting tended occur proximity wax increased levels compound wax shown decrease developing queens according article remains world destructive honey bee killer carries including deformed wing virus acute bee virus implicated tends weaken immune system bees researcher canada studied ontario bee colonies survive winter identified cause cases affect queen ability reproduce detrimental survival considered possible cause dying colonies contain israeli acute virus israeli acute virus discovered israel time considered cause named place identified place origin unknown september results large scale statistical study afflicted colonies reported organisms colony compared sequence detect presence colonies found infected numerous virus showed significant association virus found tested colonies tested non colonies research found indicator impaired protein production common bees affected pattern consistent infection like cause degradation responsible protein production cells reduced function bees making vulnerable factors lethal suggested syndrome inability correctly identify known diseases european fungus testing diagnosis samples affected colonies performed makes highly unlikely symptoms fairly known differ classified high rate infection reported samples bees pennsylvania pattern reported samples healthy bees fed filled agriculture chemicals likely infected parasitic fungus associated widespread death honey bees western honey bees infected wiped days indicating caused research team claim ruled potential causes survey affected bee populations found half colonies sampled control populations infected primary agent german research project reduce impact mentioned possible remedy claims successfully cured colonies review results described results promising cautioned blame cases colony collapse areas europe reported fungus direct link established reported california researcher believe conclusive evidence link don want anybody impression thing solved bee scientist similarly stated parasite factor sole cause fungus seen colonies healthy detected honey bees states gene new_york detected counties honey bee samples collected positive analysis spore positive samples revealed viral fungal combination team scientists headed working army published paper october saying new dna virus virus fungus found killed colony group studied study found agent deadly combination virus fatal information study released public page article new_york_times days later article published title scientist didn tell new_york_times study bee deaths professor currently researching impact bees said study generated useful data conflict interest ceo company developing bee diseases months later methods interpret mass data study called question raising doubts correctly identified samples examined researchers collected fed healthy bees average different researchers discovered bees ate times likely infected parasites study shows thought harmless bees actually play significant role research showed practices need reviewed bees sampled authors crops exclusively suggesting bees widely exposed thought dennis quoted saying didn expect harm insects sub lethal effect bee health went state important heavily regulated affected report use colonies lack particular chemicals makes unlikely single chemical involved possible chemicals use tested possible effects honey bees potentially contributing phenomenon high levels found samples wax lower levels chemicals try bee pest thought cause study confirmed high levels wax found association reduced bee longevity found high concentrations majority bees tested large commented shown cause believe combination variety factors possibly including climate change studies europe north_america shown dramatic declines bee colonies lost bee colonies europe lost determining causes bee colony collapse crucial global economy bee assists global agricultural production worth dollars ecological modeling retrospective studies research shown link bee colony collapse climate change shifting weather conditions negatively affect bees link colony collapse climate change closely tied interaction bees climatic food plant reductions climate change affects floral environment flower development production turn directly impacts colonies abilities collect sustain weather conditions shift climate change bees change behaviors rains bees extremely hot weather try gather water colony cool predicted occurrence extreme weather events intense rainy seasons prolonged drought increase climate continues change additionally regions experience increasingly rain washed away easily making difficult bees provide colonies environments experiencing prolonged drought flower environments dry weather patterns lead suitable viable environments bees thrive british journal published projections plant diversity loss spatial sensitivity researchers found major species loss southern forcing bee colonies north decades studying climate change tracking bee colonies find researchers turned ecological modeling brazilian study researchers investigated impact climate change endemic bee species future climatic scenarios known moderate temperatures high relative humidity impacts flight activity foraging behavior bee species result scientists predict scenarios temperatures continue increase humidity continues decrease suitable climates bees brazil mountainous environments optimistic scenario estimated climate change lead percent reduction species populations like large change bees sensitive effects small population size small populations lead reduced genetic decreased fitness result sensitivity fragmented habitat likely support viable population lead additional colony collapse models researchers predict bee populations start declining significantly southern latitudes range expansion north colleagues found climate shifted forced operate outside thermal ranges causing range losses species southern limits study found flora fauna expanded northerly ranges account climate shifts expanded farther north important findings study came statistical models built study range shifts factors use changes land cover researchers found climate change meaningful impact range shifts bee support findings scientists note failure respond thermal changes expand northern range idea susceptible climate change significant studies climate change bees examined species study showed climate western europe warmed bee species experienced range declines narrower climatic pushing fringes environments geographically expect climate change continues bees abandon areas drought migrate fringes seen desert europe significant work tracking bee colony changes regions additional longitudinal surveillance needs conducted regions globe wider array bee species order build body research surrounding impact climate change bees bee migratory began moving different areas country winter migratory widespread america bee rental crucial element agriculture produce near current levels native collectively earn renting bees honey production researchers concerned colonies country crops bees helps spread colonies additionally continuous movement settlement considered strain disruption entire possibly rendering resistant sorts disorder selective commercial breeding lost genetic diversity industrial focus environmental factors condition recognised greatest impact regions industrial agricultural use commercially bred bee colonies natural breeding colony reproduction wild bees complex highly selective process leading diverse genetic makeup large populations bees colonies genetic diversity sexual reproduction significant evolutionary factor resistance parasites infectious diseases artificially bred species especially domestic agricultural species suffer lack genetic variation resulting increased risk diseases loss heightened uniform infectious diseases analogy artificially introduced invasive ants displace native species ecological release manifestation genetic suffer collapse colonies attributed lack genetic diversity displaced indigenous species rebounded populations industrial adopted simple breeding programs uniform desired traits seasonal transportation colonies vast distances causes increased infectious mixing domestic displaced wild populations brood conditions respect nutrition temperature basics combination ecological factors especially host factor loss genetic variation hybrid account apparent environmental causes including concurrent patterns reported producers preliminary survey noted period extraordinary stress affecting colonies question prior die commonly involving poor nutrition drought factor cases common report accordingly appeared significant possibility phenomenon stress manifest healthy colonies similar findings independent survey small scale operations colonies states reported belief weak colonies factor responsible bees dying cases losses believed researchers attributed syndrome practice feeding high corn supplement winter stores relevant apparent inconsistencies results european writer suggested possible connection produced genetically modified corn researchers state colony collapse disorder mainly problem feeding bees diet receive food variety sources plants winter bees given single food source corn high sugar substitute summer single crop diet attributed bee migratory bee keeping honey bees introduced select commercial crops corn single greatly inferior mixed acceptable honey bees introduced exclusively including sweet study published found bees fed variety different plant species showed signs having immune system eating single species bees fed species higher levels bees fed species higher protein content authors linked loss plant diversity found proper diet lead healthy honey bee population authors recommended diet containing potassium calcium iron copper lack plant appear affect healthy colony honey bees fungus parasite colony research proven honey bees introduced wider variety likely survive longer receiving key nutrients like study found acid normally present honey assists bees certain absence artificial nutrients fed bees contribute electromagnetic radiation study non thermal effects radio frequency honey bees reported changes behavior exposure phone base stations operating later study established close range electromagnetic field reduce ability bees return course study half colonies broke including controls base stations embedded april news study appeared media outlets beginning article independent stated subject study included mobile phones related cellular phones implicated media reports time covered study researchers involved stated research include findings cell phones relationship indicated independent article results created horror story review peer reviewed scientific studies investigating effects wildlife humans plants included seven studies involving honey bees reported negative effects exposure radiation specifically demonstrated link review noted according study active mobile phones kept inside worker bees stopped coming days study found drastic decrease egg production queen bees colonies stated electromagnetic radiation exposure provides better explanation theories review authors concluded existing literature shows interfering biological systems ways recommended recognising noted studies representative real life situations natural levels exposure studies need taken scientifically establish link observed disorders bee parasitic fly parasitic fly known prey bees found test tube containing dead honey bee believed affected possibly indicating fly cause mature fly lays eggs bee abdomen feed bee hatching infected bees behave foraging night gathering lights like eventually bee leaves colony die fly larvae emerge neck bee genetically modified crops analysis independent studies assessing effects proteins survival mortality showed proteins crops control negatively impact survival larvae adults additionally larvae consume small percent protein lack geographic crop locations regions occurs management march offered following tentative recommendations noticing symptoms combine collapsing colonies strong colonies collapsed colony found store equipment use measures ensure bees access feed bees sugar use experiencing colony collapse secondary infection treat colonies proposed remedy farmers crops simply switch use native bees bees mason bees native bees helped establish providing suitable nesting locations additional crops bees use feed season commercial crops farm ended british successfully developed strain bees resistant russian honey bees resist susceptible factors associated colony collapse disorder detrimental traits limit relevance commercial united_kingdom national bee database set march monitor colony collapse result reduction bee population taken place previous years particular register funded administered monitor health trends help establish honey industry threat supposed colony collapse disorder britain invited participate october stated believe cause colony losses continuing experience colony losses explained approach taken raise profile integrated bee health management words identifying trying eliminate factors reduce health status colony incorporates increasing skill level training education raising profile habitat destruction effect forage availability course research distribution diseases conditions applied research development providing solutions economic ecological impact honey bees native americas necessity regions limited strictly agricultural ornamental uses native plants require honey bee concentrated situations need great bloom time concentrated capacity native bees current technology phenomenon particularly important crops growing california honey bees predominant crop value billion total crop value wholly dependent honey bee estimated exceed billion high demand cost renting honey bees increased significantly california industry approximately million honey bee colonies spring crop worldwide yield roughly billion services responsible approximately crop species including species plants insects including kinds bees bees typically commercial scale farmers kinds native crops bring honey bees help specifically need honey bees absent region native reclaim niche typically better adapted serve plants assuming plants normally occur specific area individual basis species actually efficient crop types honey bees native mass utilized easily effectively honey bees instances visit plants moved crop crop needed bees visit plants large numbers lack efficiency commercial viability crops strongly tied industry china hand apple labor intensive time consuming costly regions indigenous important vital sustain natural habitats addition value human societies sustain food resources populations decline decline plant populations agriculture plants completely dependent produce fruit plants dependent enhance capacity produce better fruits help plants reduce time flowering fruit set reduces risk harmful factors diseases chemicals weather etc specialist plants require risk decline plants use animals wind self suffer sources said perform level nearly plant species directly human food worldwide catastrophic loss significant impact estimated seven major agricultural crops north american economy lost region world farms intensive systems high density crops impacted compared non intensive systems small local gardens depend wild bees dependence types farms high demand services costs billion annually cost offset generate billion globally media silence bees october nature television series covers recent investigative discoveries documentary bees pointed likely culprit experts interviewed firm data exists feature length documentary queen sun bees telling features interviews scientists farmers philosophers documentary argues principally responsible honey documentary examines relationship humans bees explores possible causes | Colony collapse disorder | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
20918_Protocarnivorousplant | plant plant borderline according definitions traps kills insects animals lacks ability directly digest absorb nutrients prey like plant morphological adaptations sticky traps plants parallel trap structures confirmed plants authors prefer term implies plants evolutionary path true oppose term reason problem arises author book plants united_states canada prefers term rigid definition include possible plants blurred lack strict definition botanical ambiguous academic literature subject examples plants exist counted ranks true plants matter historical preference research plants adaptations reveal plants meet rigid definition plant historical observations historical observations syndrome plant species restricted obvious examples active trapping mechanisms authors noted speculation species obviously earlier publications plants suggested plants developed little research darwin mentioned species passing follow investigation adding small growing list provided list species suspected book plants species potential mentioned introduction later review literature rediscovered italian journal articles early 1900s identified additional sticky species insect prey surprised find articles lacking literature cited sections modern books articles plants suggesting academic research treated book authoritative comprehensive source research syndrome defining debate criteria plant meet considered yielded proposed definitions strict requirements restrictive strict definition requires plant possess morphological adaptations attract prey scent visual cues capture retain prey scales downward facing hairs prevent escape digest dead prey produced plant absorb products specialized structures presence listed strong evidence long evolutionary history definition sun pitcher plants cobra lily included roster plants rely bacteria organisms produce necessary broader definition differs mainly including plants produce digestive rely internal food digest prey species original definition botanical set required plant exhibit adaptation trait specifically attraction capture prey gaining fitness advantage absorption nutrients derived said prey analysis genera currently considered widened original definition include species use interactions strict broad definitions require absorption nutrients plant receive benefit syndrome plant display increase fitness nutrients obtained adaptations increased growth rate increased chance survival higher production seed set degrees prevailing idea plants black white spectrum strict non rose example fully plants active trapping mechanisms like passive traps considered fully plants fall definitions strict non defined thought plants evolved habits typically reside habitats significant nutrient severe nitrogen seen true plants grow function habit need directly related lack nutrient access classic plants represent evolution form necessarily function example possesses structurally resemble function disputed contend function aid seeds visiting note species small crawling insects trapped supports conclusion evolved exclude crawling insects favor flying greater seed dispersal protection crawling insect predators trapping mechanisms visible parallels trapping mechanisms plants plants species resemble traps traps plants species similar true plants reason considered instead produce digestive form trap leaves held tightly plants produce sticky necessarily associated instead described like capable trapping killing insects traps discovered activity function plant species including var var var species tested positive activity unclear produced plant surface species evaluated exhibited activity examined labeled protein nutrient absorption activity species displayed ability digest absorb labeled protein plants considered sticky surface flower leaves appear flower known trap kill small insects discovery centuries ago purpose remained ambiguous november published paper describing active proteins come contact species grown tissue culture proving plant surface source production asserts paper given evidence species properly called order fulfill strict definition needs proven capable absorbing nutrients derived prey adaptation gives plants competitive advantage complex relationship prey plants genus produce sticky leaves tipped look similar larger unlike unable carry digestive species directly benefit insects catch instead form species assassin bugs eat trapped insects plant benefits nutrients bugs likewise sticky modified investigated ability paper published detailed evidence played distinct role defense flower capable captured prey absorbing nutrients subject studies early studies concluded plant offerings methods crude subsequent studies carefully tested presence activity found noted plant great capacity capturing killing prey traps traps plants identical plants way plant mode rigid definition plants requires prey produced plant given criterion trap plants commonly considered instead classified highly contentious generally reflected current plant literature species produce relying instead internal food web break prey nutrients trap form unrelated family leaves formed leaves tightly packed collecting water trapping insects unlike proven produce digestive considered little evidence supporting claims able attract kill prey surface leaves absorb nutrients far activity detected plant relies internal food web soft tissue said member forms central water reservoir adaptations attract insects like produces digestive potential trap species suggested possible major study examined evidence digestive nutrient absorption revealed shepherd purse plant claim contested unique plant capable capturing prey stage life cycle seeds plant fluid actively attracts kills prey evidence activity absorption nutrients criterion explored plant benefits adaptation loss plants considered adaptations appear evolving evolved away direct prey relationship rely sources obtaining nutrients example phenomenon trap tropical pitcher plant retains ability attract capture kill digest insect prey species acquired adaptations appear favor leaf litter potentially referred tropical pitcher plant known catch prey items compared preliminary observations suggest particular species moved away solely primarily nature adapted catching birds feeding study found mature plants derived nitrogen comes genus plants lost appetite species trap digest prey specialized traps instead community algae debris giving rise hypothesis favor interaction place predator prey relationship evolution disciplines ecology evolutionary biology presented evolution plants apply plants plant suggests species way simply example defense related adaptation found examples plants moving away syndrome book considered species plants writes important remember plants plants explain describe reasons excluding plants | Protocarnivorous plant | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
22422_Myco-heterotrophy | greek fungus different nutrition relationship certain kinds plants fungi plant gets food fungi parasitic plant partner relationship considered kind cheating relationship informally referred mycorrhizal relationship referred term plants engage mycorrhizal relationships relationship host fungi exists non plant plant largely lacking lacking functional gets food fungi partial exists plant capable fungi food supply plants species non life cycle non rest life cycle non plants non plants like directly tissue plants past non plants mistakenly thought food breaking organic matter manner similar fungi plants called known plant capable direct breakdown organic matter order food non plants engage direct plants interface plant fungal partners association roots plant fungus closely resembles thought evolved flow carbon fungus plant vice versa seen ultimately energy fungi turn energy plants takes place context common mycorrhizal networks plants use mycorrhizal fungi exchange carbon nutrients plants systems play role mycorrhizal taking carbon common network known reward older reports recently shown supported fungi exploiting wood decaying fungi addition green plants close species shown engage partial able carbon mycorrhizal fungi addition intake species diversity host fungi found number plant groups non non partial common family genera fully number plant groups stages fungi typically fungi large energy reserves draw usually mycorrhizal fungi evidence parasitic fungi form extensive networks examples fungi plants found mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi great diversity unrelated plant families members diversity fungi targeted suggests multiple parallel evolution mycorrhizal ancestors | Myco-heterotrophy | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
22429_Signallingtheory | signalling theory evolutionary biology signalling theory body theoretical work examining communication individuals species species central question organisms conflicting interests sexual selection expected provide honest signals conscious intention cheating mathematical models organisms advertise condition individuals stable strategy important research field signals given contexts mate selection females subjects males signals selective pressure signals evolve modify behaviour receiver benefit signals honest conveying information increases fitness receiver individual cheat giving signal briefly benefit risk signalling system population question selection signals works level individual organism gene level group debated arguing individuals evolve signal receive signals better including resisting manipulation suggested cheating controlled handicap principle best horse handicap race carrying largest handicap weight according theory male tails genuinely costly produce system stable large tails honest signals attempted verify handicap principle inconsistent results mathematical biologist analysed contribution having copies gene honest signalling demonstrating runaway effect occur sexual selection depending balance costs benefits mechanisms expected humans researchers studied including risk taking young men hunting large game animals costly religious rituals finding appear qualify costly honest signals sexual selection animals choose mates traits signalling subject evolutionary pressure example male gray tree frog produces attract females female chooses mate specific style male calling specific signalling ability signal intensity variation style repetition rate seek explain females select sensory exploitation hypothesis proposes pre existing preferences female receivers drive evolution signal innovation male similar way hidden preference hypothesis proposes successful calls better able match hidden preference female evolved multiple sexual ornaments reasons apparent disputed honest signals biology signals traits including structures evolved specifically change behaviour receivers ways benefit traits actions benefit receiver exclusively called cues alert bird deliberately gives warning stalking predator predator gives hunt sound signal foraging bird inadvertently makes sound leaves attracts predators increases risk predation sound cue signalling systems shaped mutual interests receivers alert bird jay warning stalking predator communicating useful predator detected prey quit time stalking alerted prey unlikely catch predator gives tasks feeding stalking predator detected signalling prey receiving predator mutual interest terminating hunt species mutual interests increase central models signalling relatives instance birds compete food parents concept honesty animal communication controversial difficult determine intent use criterion deception honesty human interactions use phrase honest signals statistical sense biological signals like warning calls tail feathers honest useful receiver signal trait thing value receiver honest biological signals need perfectly reducing uncertainty zero need useful correct average ultimately value signalled information depends extent allows receiver increase fitness honest signals stable class honest signal warning signal generally visual given poisonous dangerous animals yellow banded poison frogs warning signals honest indications prey tandem brighter conspicuous organism toxic usually common effective colours red yellow black white signals mutual conflicting interests animal signalling systems central problem signalling theory cheating example foraging birds safer warning false random case predator nearby cheating cause signalling system collapse signal integrity signalling system reduces fitness group example signalling comes crabs shown bluff conscious intention implied fighting ability lost crab occasionally weaker crabs smaller stronger claws proportion signals low worthwhile crabs test honesty signal combat considered individuals species act attempting applied selfish gene view evolution animals threat displays genes interests signals criticised previous suggesting displays good species argued communication ought viewed evolutionary arms race evolve better manipulating receivers receivers evolve resistant manipulation game theoretical model war attrition similarly suggests threat displays ought convey reliable information intentions sports metaphor proposed verbal model signal costs cheating stabilize honest observed signals qualities based analogy sports systems called idea handicap principle purpose sports system reduce performance making contest competitive handicap race faster horses given heavier weights carry similarly amateur golf better fewer strokes raw scores creates handicap performance work supposed handicap handicapped performance knew race horses amateur likely win horse bigger weight handicap smaller stroke handicap analogy tails large tail covert feathers act system knew sizes tails bigger tail greater quality display costs include social costs form testing punishment rivals production costs example given textbooks extinct irish male irish enormous evolved displays ability overcome handicap point handicap inherited genes ought selected essential idea intuitive probably folk wisdom articulated short story futuristic uses variety mechanisms reduce performance spectator ballet comments easy strongest graceful dancers handicap bags big worn pound men interpreted analogy mean higher quality bigger tails signalling ability waste resource trading bigger tail idea conspicuous consumption extravagant status symbols signal wealth conclusions rest verbal interpretation metaphor initially handicap principle received evolutionary life history theory differences signalling costs form survival reproduction stabilize signalling system roughly imagined genetic models suggested possible showed handicap like signalling system stable higher quality paid lower marginal survival costs signals hamilton proposed specific widely applicable handicap mechanism parasite sexual selection argued ending evolutionary race hosts parasites sexually selected signals indicate health idea tested barn species males long tail found males longer tails offspring fewer fostered young effect genetic confirming hamilton theory example hypothesis dual mutually incompatible roles immune function signalling given animals obtained food hypothesis states animals depended sexual signals demonstrating ability waste sexual signals expense immune system handicap principle proven hard test partly inconsistent interpretations metaphor marginal fitness model partly conflicting results studies individuals bigger signals pay higher costs studies paying lower costs possible explanation inconsistent results given series papers shows proof handicap principle based critical assumption trade costs benefits fashion way humans invest money increase income currency assumption costs benefits trade fashion valid survival cost reproduction benefit assumed evolution sexually selected signals fitness depends producing offspring function reproductive success given individual alive times probability alive given investment signals costly signalling dynamics effort discover costs honest signals qualities built strategic models signalling games assumptions models applied sexually selected signalling animals rarely incorporate fact sexual reproduction noted mathematical biologist early 20th century preference genes females signal genes display traits males females tend mate males generations sons carry genes associated daughters daughters carry genes associated sons cause evolutionary dynamic known runaway males explored genetic model showing dynamics sensitive signalling search costs models incorporate costly signalling runaway models fitness depends survival reproduction having sexy sons daughters stereotypical model increasing fitness having healthy sons daughters examples proposed autumn leaf colour signal trees pest species migrate autumn trees theory bright autumn coloration costly trees require energy investment help reduce parasite load example cited example signalling jump close predator instead escaping signal strength human honest signals human behaviour provide examples costly signals general signals provide information person quality cooperative tendencies evidence costly signalling found areas human interaction including risk taking hunting religion costly signalling hunting large game hunting studied extensively signal men willingness physical risks showcase strength coordination costly signalling theory useful tool understanding food sharing hunter applied situations delayed viable explanation instances particularly inconsistent delayed hypothesis hunter shares kill members large group situations individuals sharing meat control free riding attractive strategy receiving meat free riders people benefits group living contributing maintenance fortunately costly signalling theory fill gaps left delayed hypothesis suggested men target large game publicly share meat draw social attention display resulting favorable attention improve hunter reputation providing information quality high quality successful acquiring mates allies costly signalling theory explain apparently behaviour order effective costly signals fulfill specific criteria firstly different levels cost benefit signalling behaviour secondly costs benefits reflect quality information provided signal directed accessible audience receiver stands benefit information sending potential mates allies competitors honesty guaranteed individuals high quality pay high costs signalling honest signalling impossible low quality individuals fake signal fool receiver observed turtle hunting spear fishing patterns community publishing findings men able accumulate high gains time spent turtle hunting spear fishing reaching threshold measured daily catch fish carried home hand turtles frequently served large members community know men reliably brought turtle meat fish turtle hunting costly signal furthermore turtle hunting spear fishing actually productive foraging success depends time dedicated searching foraging poor signal skill strength suggests energetic gains primary reason men turtle hunting spear fishing follow study found successful hunters experience greater social benefits reproductive success skilled hunters people share food possibly gain reputation hunters sharing meat mainly provision families gain benefits teenage boys away meat wives children costly signalling qualities likely explanation qualities include good coordination strength knowledge endurance bravery hunters pair highly fertile hard working wives non hunters woman benefits mating man possesses qualities children likely inherit qualities increase fitness benefit husband high social status hunting honest costly signal quality men costly signalling theory explain men torch fish torch fishing method fishing men use dried catch large dog toothed preparation torch fishing requires significant time investments involves great deal organization time energetic costs preparation torch fishing results net losses torch fishing handicap serves signal men productivity torch fishing advertised fishing occupation women usually spend time observing sail reef local rituals help broadcast information successful enhance torch fishing season ritual constraints clearly distinguish torch men males permitted torch fish participated day fishing season community informed day easily identify torch second torch receive meals canoe house prohibited eating certain foods people frequently discuss qualities torch fishermen women claim looking hard working mates distinct sexual division labor highly valued characteristic males torch fishing provides women reliable information work ethic prospective mates makes honest costly signal human cases strong reputation built costly signalling man social status men signal successfully northern foraging groups traditional hunters usually capture maximum year said particularly successful hunter said returned hunt having killed larger people connected ate great deal meat popularity grew hunter sharing meat framework general model costly signalling individuals share acquire mates allies costly signalling applies situations foraging groups giving goes recipients little offer return young hunter motivated impress community members daughters obtain wife older hunters wish attract women interested relationship wife northern groups killing large animal indicates man mastered art hunting support family generally women seek man good hunter character generous social ties hunting ability marriage men good hunters enter marriage market earliest costly signalling theory explains seemingly foraging displays physical risks costly signal costly signalling applied situations involving physical strain risk physical injury death research physical risk taking important information people especially young men high risk activities help development prevention programs reckless driving lethal problem young men western societies male takes physical risk sending message strength skill survive extremely dangerous activities signal directed peers potential mates study risk taking types risk physical heroic risk benefit viewed favorably types risk taking drugs males females valued different degrees heroic risk mates sex friends males valued heroic risk taking male friends preferred female mates females valued heroic risk taking male mates female friends females attracted males inclined physically defend children males prefer heroic risk taking male friends good allies western societies voluntary blood donation common extreme form risk taking costs associated donations include pain risk infection blood donation opportunity send costly signals donors perceived generous physically healthy survey donors non donors expressed perceptions health ability blood donors operate situations religion costly signal costly religious rituals male food water snake handling look evolutionary terms devout religious beliefs traditions practiced appear religion arisen increase maintain cooperation cooperation leads behaviour costly signalling explain religions involve costly elaborate rituals performed publicly demonstrate loyalty religious group way group members increase allegiance group signalling investment group interests group size increases humans threat free riders grows costly signalling theory accounts proposing religious rituals costly deter free riders proposed costly signalling theory explain costly religious behaviour argued hard fake religious displays enhanced trust solidarity community producing emotional economic benefits showed display signals northern iran helped secure trade agreements displays signalled commitment islam strangers group members demonstrated people religious communities times likely live longer secular counterparts longer positively number costly requirements demanded religious community members excluded studied effects costly signals religious communities self reported survey church increased attendance contributions church increased effect people willing participate church stringent demands members despite experimental support hypothesis remains controversial common critique easy fake simply attending religious service hypothesis people likely join contribute religious group rituals costly critique specifically asks religion evolutionary advantage evolving religion signals commitment admits reinforcement religious rites reward punishment system found religion makes ideal candidate increasing cooperation finally insufficient evidence increase fitness result religious cooperation argues benefits religion increased longevity improved health assistance crises greater psychological | Signalling theory | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
22656_Ecology | ecology ecology greek house environment study scientific analysis study interactions organisms environment field includes biology geography earth science ecology includes study interactions organisms organisms components environment topics interest include diversity distribution number population particular organisms cooperation competition organisms ecosystems ecosystems composed interacting parts including organisms communities non living components environment ecosystem processes primary production nutrient cycling niche construction activities regulate energy matter environment processes sustained organisms specific life history traits variety organisms called biodiversity biodiversity refers varieties species genes ecosystems certain ecosystem services ecology synonymous environment natural history environmental science closely related evolutionary biology important focus improve understanding biodiversity affects ecological function seek explain life processes interactions adaptations movement materials energy living communities development ecosystems abundance distribution organisms biodiversity context environment ecology human science practical applications ecology conservation biology wetland management natural resource management agriculture forestry fisheries city planning urban ecology community health economics basic applied science human social interaction human ecology example approach treats ecology environment treated separate humans organisms including humans resources compose ecosystems turn maintain feedback mechanisms moderate processes acting living non living components planet ecosystems sustain life supporting functions produce natural capital like production food fuel fiber medicine regulation climate global cycles water soil formation erosion control flood protection natural features scientific historical economic value word ecology coined german scientist ecological thought derivative established currents philosophy particularly ethics politics ancient greek philosophers aristotle laid foundations ecology studies natural history modern ecology rigorous science late 19th century evolutionary concepts relating adaptation natural selection modern ecological theory levels scope scale organization scope ecology contains wide array interacting levels organization spanning micro level cells scale phenomena ecosystems example contain resources interacting life forms individual organisms aggregate populations aggregate distinct ecological communities ecosystems dynamic follow linear path changing rapidly slowly thousands years ecological processes bring certain stages forest ecosystem area vary greatly tiny vast single tree little consequence classification forest ecosystem critically relevant organisms living generations population exist lifespan single leaf turn support diverse communities nature connections ecological communities explained knowing details species isolation pattern revealed predicted ecosystem studied integrated ecological principles exhibit collective properties sum components explain properties birth rates population equal sum individual designated time frame ecology scale ecological dynamics operate like closed system migrating single tree time remain open regard broader scale influences atmosphere climate classify ecosystems analyzing data collected finer scale units vegetation associations climate soil types integrate information identify patterns uniform organization processes operate local regional landscape chronological scales structure study ecology framework biological world organized hierarchy ranging scale genes cells tissues organs organisms species populations communities ecosystems level framework forms exhibits non linear behaviors means effect cause small changes critical number nitrogen lead changes system properties biodiversity biodiversity biological diversity describes diversity life genes ecosystems spans level biological organization term interpretations ways index measure characterize represent complex organization biodiversity includes species diversity ecosystem diversity genetic diversity scientists interested way diversity affects complex ecological processes operating respective levels biodiversity plays important role ecosystem services definition maintain improve human quality life preventing species way preserve biodiversity goal rests techniques preserve genetic diversity habitat ability species migrate conservation priorities management techniques require different approaches considerations address ecological scope biodiversity natural capital supports populations critical maintaining ecosystem services species migration fish runs insect control implicated mechanism service losses experienced understanding biodiversity practical applications species ecosystem level conservation planners management recommendations consulting firms governments industry habitat habitat species describes environment species known occur type community formed result specifically habitats defined regions environmental space composed multiple dimensions representing environmental variable component characteristic environment related directly forage quality indirectly elevation use location animal example habitat aquatic terrestrial environment categorized alpine ecosystem habitat shifts provide important evidence competition nature population changes relative habitats individuals species occupy example population species tropical flattened body relative main populations live open population lives isolated rock hides flattened body offers selective advantage habitat shifts occur developmental life history amphibians insects transition aquatic terrestrial habitats habitat applies community environment applies species environment additionally species ecosystem engineers altering environment localized region instance manage water levels building dams improves habitat landscape niche definitions niche date conceptual advances introducing widely adopted definition set conditions species able persist maintain stable population sizes ecological niche central concept ecology organisms sub divided fundamental realized niche fundamental niche set environmental conditions species able persist realized niche set environmental plus ecological conditions species niche defined technically dimensions defined environmental size function number values environmental values assume organism positive fitness patterns range explained predicted knowledge species traits niche requirements species functional traits uniquely adapted ecological niche trait property characteristic organism influence survival genes play important role development environmental expression traits resident species evolve traits fitted selection pressures local environment tends afford competitive advantage similarly adapted species having overlapping geographic range competitive exclusion principle states species indefinitely living limiting resource compete similarly adapted species overlap geographically closer inspection reveals subtle ecological differences habitat requirements models studies suggest disturbances stabilize evolution shared niche occupancy similar species inhabiting species rich communities habitat plus niche called defined range environmental biological affecting entire species niche construction organisms subject environmental pressures modify habitats regulatory feedback organisms environment affect conditions local beaver pond global scales time death decaying logs skeleton deposits marine organisms process concept ecosystem engineering related niche construction relates physical modifications habitat considers evolutionary implications physical changes environment feedback causes process natural selection ecosystem engineers defined organisms directly indirectly availability resources species causing physical state changes materials modify maintain create habitats ecosystem engineering concept stimulated new appreciation influence organisms ecosystem evolutionary process term niche construction reference appreciated feedback mechanisms natural selection forces niche example natural selection ecosystem engineering occurs nests social insects including ants bees structure nest maintains defends physiology entire colony example maintain constant internal temperature design air conditioning chimneys structure nests subject forces natural selection nest survive successive generations inherit genetic material legacy niche constructed time larger units organization regions earth ecosystems mainly according structure composition vegetation different methods define continental boundaries dominated different functional types communities limited distribution climate precipitation weather environmental include tropical temperate mixed forest temperate deciduous forest hot desert polar desert researchers recently categorized human oceanic human body habitat landscape discovered largely advances molecular revealed hidden diversity planet oceanic plays significant role ecological planet oceans largest scale ecological organization total sum ecosystems planet ecological relationships regulate energy nutrients climate way scale example dynamic history atmosphere composition affected gases coming levels fluctuating time relation ecology evolution plants animals ecological theory explain self regulatory phenomena scale example hypothesis example applied ecological theory hypothesis states feedback loop generated living organisms maintains core temperature earth atmospheric conditions narrow self regulating range tolerance individual ecology understanding traits individual organisms helps explain patterns processes levels organization including populations communities ecosystems areas ecology evolution focus traits life history theory theory ecology examples traits include features organisms life cycle age maturity life span costs reproduction traits related structure spines dorsal spines behaviors courtship displays pair bonding traits include properties result interactions surrounding environment growth rate resource rate winter deciduous drought deciduous trees shrubs set characteristics relate body size temperature theory ecology provides set relationships organism body size temperature processes general smaller warmer organisms higher rates results variety predictions individual growth rates reproduction population growth rates population size resource rates traits organisms subject change development evolution reason individuals form shared focus ecology evolutionary ecology population ecology population ecology studies dynamics populations populations interact wider environment population consists individuals species live interact migrate niche habitat primary law population ecology growth model states population grow decline long environment experienced individuals population remains constant simplified population models usually start death birth immigration emigration example introductory population model describes closed population island immigration emigration place evaluated reference hypothesis states random processes create observed data island models rate population change described formula total number individuals population capita rates birth death respectively capita rate population change modelling techniques population principle growth later transformed model known equation formula number individuals measured density maximum capita rate change carrying capacity population formula states rate change population size equal growth limited carrying capacity population ecology builds introductory models understand demographic processes real study populations commonly types data include life history analysed mathematical techniques matrix information managing wildlife stocks setting harvest cases basic models insufficient adopt different kinds statistical methods information criterion use models complex competing simultaneously confronted data migration concept defined population populations extinct locally ecology statistical approach conservation research models landscape patches varying levels quality linked migratory organisms animal migration set apart kinds movement involves seasonal departure return individuals habitat migration population level phenomenon migration routes followed plants occupied northern post glacial environments plant use records accumulate wetlands reconstruct timing plant migration dispersal relative historic contemporary climates migration routes involved expansion range plant populations expanded area larger taxonomy movement foraging territorial behaviour ranging dispersal usually distinguished migration involves way permanent movement individuals birth population population terminology migrating individuals classed leave region immigrants enter region sites classed sources site generic term refers places sample populations ponds defined sampling areas forest source patches productive sites generate seasonal supply juveniles migrate patch locations sink patches sites receive migrants population site disappear rescued adjacent source patch environmental conditions favourable models examine patch dynamics time answer potential questions spatial demographic ecology ecology dynamic process extinction colonization small patches lower quality maintained rescued seasonal influx new immigrants dynamic structure year year patches dry years sources conditions favourable use mixture computer models field studies explain structure community ecology community ecology study interactions collections species inhabit geographic area community study patterns processes interacting species research community ecology measure species diversity relation soil fertility include analysis predator prey dynamics competition similar plant species interactions crabs ecosystem ecology ecosystems habitats form integrated responsive system having physical biological complexes ecosystem ecology science determining materials carbon different pools tree soil organic material ecosystem attempt determine underlying causes research ecosystem ecology measure primary production wetland relation consumption rates requires understanding community connections plants primary producers fungi bacteria underlying concept ecosystem traced published work man nature ecosystem organisms linked physical biological components environment adapted ecosystems complex systems interaction life processes form self organizing patterns different scales time space ecosystems broadly categorized terrestrial freshwater atmospheric marine differences stem nature unique physical environments shapes biodiversity recent addition ecosystem ecology affected primarily result human activity food food web ecological network plants capture solar energy use simple plants grow accumulate nutrients eaten grazing energy transferred chain organisms consumption simplified linear feeding pathways basal species consumer called food chain larger pattern food chains ecological community creates complex food web food type concept map device illustrate study pathways energy material flows food limited relative real world complete measurements generally restricted specific habitat cave pond principles food web studies larger systems feeding relations require extensive investigations gut contents organisms difficult stable trace flow nutrient energy food web despite limitations food remain valuable tool understanding community ecosystems food exhibit principles ecological emergence nature relationships species weak feeding links specialized fewer stronger feeding links primary predators theoretical studies identify non random patterns strong weak explain ecological communities remain stable time food composed members community linked strong interactions weak interactions occur increases food web stability step step lines relations drawn web life illustrated levels level greek meaning food feeding group organisms acquiring considerable majority energy adjacent level nearer source links food primarily connect feeding relations species biodiversity ecosystems organized vertical dimension represents feeding relations removed base food chain predators horizontal dimension represents abundance level relative abundance species respective level naturally sort pyramid numbers species broadly categorized primary producers consumers organisms produce food production greater organisms feed energy exceeds production sub divided different functional groups including primary consumers strict secondary consumers predators feed exclusively consumers predators feed mix predators fit functional category eat plant animal tissues suggested greater functional influence predators compared relatively inefficient grazing levels complex systems view ecosystems level contains unrelated species grouped share common ecological functions giving view system notion levels provides insight energy flow control food troubled prevalence real ecosystems led notion species clearly aggregate levels fiction nonetheless recent studies shown real levels exist level food better characterized web species species species connected large number species food web species lower levels pyramid relative importance role connections species holds means maintains organization structure entire communities loss species results range dramatic effects dynamics food web connections cause extinction species sea commonly cited example species limit density sea feed sea removed system beds disappear dramatic effect community structure hunting sea example thought led indirectly extinction sea cow species concept extensively conservation tool criticized poorly defined operational stance difficult determine species hold role ecosystem furthermore food web theory suggests species common unclear generally species model applied ecological complexity complexity understood large effort needed piece numerous interacting parts exceeding memory capacity human mind global patterns biological diversity complex stems ecological processes operate influence patterns different scales grade transitional areas spanning landscapes complexity stems levels biological organization energy matter integrated larger units smaller parts level parts higher small scale patterns necessarily explain large scale phenomena captured expression coined aristotle sum greater parts complexity ecology distinct types spatial temporal structural process geometric principles identified self organizing phenomena operate different environmental scales influence ranging molecular require different explanations level ecological complexity relates dynamic ecosystems transition multiple shifting steady states directed random fluctuations history long term ecological studies provide important track records better understand complexity ecosystems longer temporal broader spatial scales studies managed longest experiment existence initiated example study operation remains critical theoretical foundation contemporary ecological studies addresses biological organization life self layers systems function according non properties means higher order patterns functional system ecosystem predicted understood simple parts new properties emerge components interact basic nature components changed ecological studies necessarily opposed scientific meanings uses identify ecology complexity ecosystems practical description patterns terms identified understood relations reference system leads hierarchy relations larger systems understood reference smaller parts scientific differs appropriated term example identified trend increased exterior thickness shells different species reason thickness increase understood reference principles natural selection predation need reference understand properties exterior shells relation evolution ecology evolution considered sister disciplines life sciences natural selection life history development adaptation populations inheritance examples concepts thread equally ecological evolutionary theory morphological genetic traits example mapped evolutionary trees study historical development species relation functions roles different ecological circumstances framework tools overlap organize classify investigate life common systematic system taxonomy disciplines appear title journal trends ecology evolution sharp boundary separating ecology evolution differ areas applied focus disciplines discover explain unique properties processes operating different spatial temporal scales organization boundary ecology evolution clear study factors influence evolutionary processes evolution rapid occurring ecological short generation ecology organisms exhibit plants express complex behaviour including memory communication ecology study organism behaviour environment ecological evolutionary implications study movement behaviour animals include investigations sperm plants mobile swimming female egg cultivation fungi mating dance social gatherings adaptation central concept ecology recorded traits inherited way eye hair colour evolve means natural selection traits functional utilities increases reproductive fitness predator prey interactions introductory concept food web studies ecology prey species exhibit different kinds adaptations predators avoid flee defend prey species faced multiple predators differ degree danger posed adapted environment face predatory threats organisms balance energy budgets invest different aspects life history growth feeding mating modifying habitat ecology generally based principles conservation efficiency example threat sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis prey assess degree threat posed different predators match behaviour according current levels risk optimal flight initiation distance occurs expected fitness depends prey initial fitness benefits fleeing energetic escape costs expected fitness loss predation risk elaborate sexual displays encountered ecology animals birds paradise example sing display elaborate ornaments courtship displays serve dual purpose signalling healthy adapted individuals desirable genes displays driven sexual selection advertisement quality traits ecology ecology theory observations evolutionary ecology primarily science order understand effect animal interaction habitat systems systems restrict behavior ecological evolutionary framework recently scientists paid sufficient attention fundamental fact traits evolved particular natural settings consideration selection pressure ecology contribute intellectual study study involving interactions organism environment ecology closely related field based view organism environment bound specification selection social ecology social ecological notable social insects social spiders human society naked mole rats evolved social include beneficial nest mates evolve group selection selection explains genetic relationships behaviour leading death rewarded survival genetic copies distributed surviving relatives social insects including ants bees famously studied type relationship male clones share genetic male colony contrast group find examples non genetic relatives explain selection acting group groups members express groups predominantly members beat groups predominantly selfish members ecological interactions classified broadly host associate relationship host entity called associate relationships species mutually beneficial called examples include fungus growing ants employing agricultural bacteria living insects organisms wasp complex fungi algae algae physical connection host associate relationship called approximately plants example relationship mycorrhizal fungi living roots forming exchange network mineral nutrients indirect occur organisms live apart example trees living regions planet supply oxygen atmosphere species living distant polar regions planet relationship called receive benefits clean air cost harm trees supplying oxygen associate benefits host suffers relationship called parasites impose cost host damage reproductive organs denying services beneficial partner net effect host fitness necessarily negative difficult forecast evolution driven competition species members species banner grasses competing growth space red queen hypothesis example parasites track locally common genetic defense systems host drives evolution sexual reproduction genetic constituency populations responding antagonistic pressure amalgamation biology geography comparative study geographic distribution organisms corresponding evolution traits space time established ecology share disciplinary roots example theory island published mathematician considered ecological theory long history natural sciences concerning spatial distribution plants animals ecology evolution provide explanatory context studies patterns result ecological processes influence range migration dispersal historical processes split populations species different areas processes result natural splitting species explains modern distribution earth splitting species called sub discipline practical applications field concerning ecological systems processes example range distribution biodiversity invasive species responding climate change concern active area research context global warming theory population ecology concept selection theory models ecology explain life history evolution premise selection model natural selection pressures change according population density example island density individuals low initial increase population size limited competition leaving abundance available resources rapid population growth early phases population growth experience density independent forces natural selection called selection population crowded approaches island carrying capacity forcing individuals compete heavily fewer available resources crowded conditions population experiences density dependent forces natural selection called selection selection model variable rate natural increase population size second variable carrying capacity population different species evolve different life history strategies spanning selective forces selected species high birth rates low levels parental investment high rates mortality individuals reach maturity evolution high rates selected species kinds insects invasive species exhibit selected characteristics contrast selected species low rates high levels parental investment young low rates mortality individuals mature humans elephants examples species exhibiting characteristics including longevity efficiency conversion resources fewer offspring molecular ecology important relationship ecology genetic inheritance modern techniques molecular analysis molecular ecological research feasible development rapid accessible genetic technologies chain reaction rise molecular technologies influx research questions new ecological field resulted publication molecular ecology molecular ecology uses techniques study genes evolutionary ecological context played leading role area science publication book natural history evolution newer technologies opened wave genetic analysis organisms difficult study ecological evolutionary standpoint bacteria fungi molecular ecology new research investigating ecological questions considered molecular investigations revealed previously obscured details tiny nature improved resolution questions ecology example molecular ecology revealed sexual behaviour multiple male partners tree previously thought socially context marriage ecology evolution resulted new sub discipline called human ecology ecology biological science human science human ecology investigation ecology species human ecology defined ecological standpoint study man ecological dominant plant animal communities systems ecological standpoint simply animal affecting affected physical environment human different animal life general interacting physical modified environments distinctive creative way truly human ecology likely address term formally introduced disciplines interested human relations natural systems centuries prior especially late 19th century ecological human beings facing technological transformation brought unique set circumstances generated need new science called coupled human natural systems builds moves field human ecology ecosystems tie human societies critical encompassing life supporting functions sustain recognition functions traditional economic methods value ecosystems surge interest social natural capital provides means value stock use information materials stemming ecosystem goods services ecosystems produce regulate maintain supply services critical necessity beneficial human health economies provide information reference function living library giving opportunities science development children engaged complexity natural world ecosystems relate importantly human ecology ultimate base foundation global economics capacity exchange ultimately stems ecosystems earth restoration management ecology employed science restoration repairing disturbed sites human intervention natural resource management environmental impact assessments predicted 21st century era restoration ecology ecological science industrial investment restoring ecosystems processes abandoned sites disturbance natural resource managers forestry example employ develop adapt implement ecosystem based methods planning operation restoration phases land use ecological science methods sustainable harvesting disease fire outbreak management fisheries stock management integrating land use protected areas communities conservation complex political landscapes relation environment environment ecosystems includes physical parameters attributes contains resources organisms time life cycle like ecology term environment different conceptual meanings overlaps concept nature environment includes physical world social world human relations built world human creation physical environment external level biological organization investigation including factors temperature radiation light chemistry climate geology environment includes genes cells organisms members species species share habitat distinction external internal environments life environment units facts reality cause effect environment life laws example apply ecology means physical state understanding principles complete accounting energy material flow traced ecosystem way environmental ecological relations studied reference isolated material parts effective environmental components understood reference causes link integrated system called known approach ecology approach examines parts organism environment dynamic change ecological environmental factor concurrently affect dynamic state entire ecosystem disturbance ecosystems regularly confronted natural environmental variations disturbances time geographic space disturbance process removes community fire flood drought predation disturbances occur vastly different ranges terms distances time periods cause product natural fluctuations death rates species ecological community disturbances create places renewal new directions emerge natural experimentation opportunity ecological cornerstone theory ecosystem management biodiversity ecosystems acting kind insurance early atmosphere earth formed approximately billion years ago cooled crust oceans formed atmosphere transformed dominated hydrogen composed billion years activity life transformed atmosphere mixture carbon dioxide nitrogen water gases changed way light sun hit earth surface greenhouse effects trapped heat sources free energy mixture reducing set stage primitive ecosystems evolve turn atmosphere evolved history earth atmosphere cycles dynamic ecosystems history characterized periods significant transformation followed millions years stability evolution earliest organisms likely started process converting atmospheric hydrogen reduced hydrogen concentrations increased atmospheric converting hydrogen water compounds example early forms increased levels atmospheric transition oxygen dominant atmosphere great begin approximately billion years ago processes started billion years prior radiation heat temperature light biology life operates certain range temperatures heat form energy temperature heat affects growth rates activity behaviour primary production temperature largely dependent solar radiation longitudinal spatial variation temperature greatly affects climates consequently distribution biodiversity levels primary production different ecosystems planet heat temperature relate importantly activity example body temperature largely regulated dependent temperature external environment contrast regulate internal body temperature energy relationship light primary production ecological energy budgets sunlight primary input energy planet ecosystems light composed electromagnetic energy different energy sun generates heat provides light measured active energy chemical reactions life acts catalyst genetic plants algae bacteria absorb light energy organisms capable energy responsible primary production light energy stored potential energy form bonds physical environments water carbon dioxide oxygen approximately times slower water air soils flooded quickly lose oxygen environment concentration eventually completely bacteria thrive roots water influences intensity composition light reflects water surface submerged particles aquatic plants exhibit wide variety morphological adaptations allow survive compete environments example roots stems contain large air spaces regulate efficient transportation gases example salt water plants additional specialized adaptations development special organs salt internal salt concentrations live oceanic environments soil aquatic environments use carbon dioxide organic compounds use oxygen soil drier activity soil chemistry water reduces reduction water carbon dioxide example reduced bacteria physiology fish specially adapted compensate environmental salt levels gills form salt salt water fresh water gravity shape energy land significantly affected forces large scale distribution forces earth uneven influences shape movement plates influencing processes erosion forces govern properties ecological earth scale forces provide directional cues plant fungal growth orientation cues animal influence size animals ecological traits allocation trees growth subject mechanical failure forces influence position structure branches leaves systems animals adapted overcome pressure forces change according features organisms height size shape behaviour diving running flying habitat occupied water hot cold pressure climatic pressure places constraints organisms especially fly high altitudes dive deep ocean depths constraints influence vertical limits ecosystems organisms sensitive adapted atmospheric water pressure differences example oxygen levels decrease decreasing pressure limiting factor life higher altitudes water transportation plants important process affected pressure water pressure depths oceans requires organisms adapt conditions example diving animals seals specially adapted deal changes sound water pressure differences differences species provide example adaptation deep sea pressure specialized protein adaptations wind turbulent forces air water affect environment ecosystem distribution form dynamics scale ecosystems affected circulation patterns global trade winds wind power turbulent forces creates influence heat nutrient profiles ecosystems example wind running surface lake creates mixing water column influencing environmental profile create layered zones affecting fish algae parts aquatic ecosystem structured wind speed influence rates energy budgets plants animals wind speed temperature moisture content vary winds travel different land features elevations example come contact coastal interior mountains western north_america produce rain shadow mountain air expands moisture winds increase elevation called lift cause precipitation environmental process produces spatial divisions biodiversity species adapted conditions range restricted coastal mountain valleys unable migrate ecosystems western north_america sister segregated interior mountain systems fire plants convert carbon dioxide oxygen atmosphere approximately million years ago end period brought concentration atmospheric oxygen allowed occur fire releases converts fuel ash tar fire significant ecological raises issues pertaining control suppression issue fire relation ecology plants recognized long time brought attention issue forest fires relation ecology forest fire suppression management 1960s native north americans influence fire regimes controlling spread near homes lighting fires stimulate production foods materials fire creates ecosystem age canopy structure altered soil nutrient supply cleared canopy structure opens new ecological establishment ecosystems adapted natural fire cycles plants example equipped variety adaptations deal forest fires species seeds lived fire exposed certain compounds smoke environmentally triggered seeds called fire plays major role persistence ecosystems soils soil living layer mineral organic dirt covers surface planet chief organizing centre ecosystem functions critical importance agricultural science ecology dead organic matter example leaves forest floor results soils containing minerals nutrients feed plant production planet soil ecosystems called large earth biodiversity levels invertebrates feed larger leaves example create smaller bits smaller organisms feeding chain collectively organisms regulate soil formation tree roots fungi bacteria worms ants beetles spiders mammals birds reptiles amphibians familiar creatures work create web life soil ecosystems soils form composite matter physiology community organisms feed migrate soils physically displace materials ecological process called soils growth production soil influenced feed dynamics ecosystem single axis biological systems soils studies soils places origin time period events evolution trees colonization land period played significant role early development ecological soils climate study measure nutrient budgets understand materials regulated flow recycled environment research led understanding global feedback ecosystems physical parameters planet including minerals soil water atmospheric gases major elements hydrogen carbon nitrogen oxygen form constitution biological feed earth processes smallest scale biology combined effect ecological processes ultimately regulate cycles earth understanding relations cycles elements ecological pathways significant bearing understanding global ecology global carbon budgets gives example biodiversity estimated earth oceans hold carbon vegetation soil hold fossil fuel emissions carbon year major global carbon budgets earth history regulated large extent ecology land example early mid volcanic stored wetlands gases increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations levels high thirty million years ago significant restructuring global carbon cycle grasses evolved new mechanism expanded ranges new evolved response drop atmospheric concentrations relative abundance distribution biodiversity dynamics organisms environment ecosystems cause effect relation climate change human driven modifications planet ecosystems disturbance biodiversity loss agriculture contributes rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels transformation global carbon cycle century projected raise temperatures lead extreme fluctuations weather alter species increase extinction rates effect global warming registered melting glaciers melting mountain ice caps rising sea levels consequently species changing continental areas migration patterns breeding grounds tracking prevailing shifts climate large sections melting create new mosaic flooded areas having increased rates soil activity raises emissions concern increases atmospheric context global carbon cycle greenhouse gas times effective absorbing long wave radiation year time scale relationship global warming soils wetlands producing significant climate globally altered cycles history early beginnings ecology complex origin large nature ancient greek philosophers aristotle record observations natural history viewed life terms species static things varieties seen type contrasts modern understanding ecological theory varieties viewed real phenomena interest having role origins adaptations means natural selection early ecology balance regulation nature traced died described earliest accounts observation natural noted open mouths safe access giving nutrition oral aristotle early influence philosophical development ecology student extensive observations plant animal physiology behaviour giving early modern concept ecological niche ecological concepts food chains population regulation productivity developed published works botanist early pioneer ecological thinking recognize ecological species replaced altered form environmental forming rise elevation drew inspiration developed form terrestrial physics fashion brought scientific measurement natural history alluded concepts foundation modern ecological law species area relationships natural historians laid foundations modern ecological sciences term ecology german recent origin coined german biologist book der zoologist artist writer later life professor comparative anatomy opinions differ founder modern ecological theory mark definition beginning warming writing plants introduction study plant communities principles economy nature matured early 18th century founded early branch ecology called economy nature works influenced adopted phrase economy nature frame balance nature hypothesis admired darwin work defined ecology reference economy nature led question ecology economy nature synonymous aristotle darwin natural world predominantly considered static prior origin species little appreciation understanding dynamic relations organisms adaptations environment exception publication natural history considered earliest texts ecology mainly noted treatise evolution founders soil ecology note ecological experiment evolutionary theory changed way researchers approached ecological sciences modern ecology young science attracted substantial scientific attention end 19th century time evolutionary studies gaining scientific interest notable scientist introduced term eventually home economics early early 20th century ecology transitioned descriptive form natural history form scientific natural history published american ecology book presenting idea plant communities publication launched debate ecological lasted 1970s concept proposed ecosystems progress regular determined stages development analogous developmental stages organism challenged stated ecological communities develop unique association individual organisms shift placed focus life histories individual organisms relates development community associations theory application form term coined jan south african general historical figure inspired concept time pioneered concept food chains classical book animal ecology defined ecological relations concepts food chains food cycles food size described numerical relations different functional groups relative abundance food cycle replaced food web subsequent ecological text brought theoretical concepts applying principles ecology wrote landmark paper dynamics ecology published posthumously initially rejected theoretical emphasis dynamics foundation work follow energy material flow ecosystems advanced mathematical theory predictions tests ecology 1950s inspired school theoretical mathematical ecology developed contributions nations including russia founding concept 1920s japan concepts harmony nature habitat segregation 1950s scientific recognition contributions ecology non english speaking cultures hampered language translation barriers ecology popular scientific interest 1970s environmental movement strong historical scientific ties ecology environmental management protection historical emphasis poetic writings advocating protection wild places notable history conservation biology seen far removed urban centres claimed concentration pollution environmental degradation located notes mainstream pioneering women early 1900s fought urban health ecology called brought changes environmental legislation women popularized environmental movements 1950s marine biologist book silent spring helped environmental movement public toxic ddt environment ecological science link release environmental human ecosystem health worked bridge understanding degradation planet ecosystems environmental politics law restoration natural resources management | Ecology | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
23777_Disruptivecoloration | coloration coloration known camouflage form camouflage works breaking outlines animal soldier military vehicle strongly contrasting pattern combined methods including background colour matching appears way seen disruption outlines depends high contrast patches colour conspicuous importance high contrast patterns successful disruption predicted general terms artist explicitly zoologist later experimental research started confirm predictions patterns work best components match background background matching works best single background coloration effective strategy animal military vehicle variety backgrounds conversely poisonous animals advertise presence warning coloration use patterns emphasize disrupt outlines example monarch butterflies high contrast patterns display outlines early research artist book animal kingdom argued animals concealed combination marks self shape explained markings sort tend cancel separate conflicting pattern visibility details boundaries form bird butterfly costume consists sharply contrasted bold patterns light dark equal proportions broken light dark light failing light dark dark apparently basal predominant use patterns animals costumes book animals introduced ideas maximum contrast uses streaks contrasting colour animals military vehicles visible breaking outlines explains ideal conditions background colour matching render animal absolutely invisible plain background adds conditions hardly ideal constantly changing light argues camouflage break perceived continuous surfaces object outlines words effective essential tell tale appearance form destroyed draws analogy carefully attention arguing function pattern prevent delay long possible recognition object sight irregular patches contrasted colours tones tend catch eye observer draw attention away shape bears attempts camouflage early second world war understanding principles involved recent attempts camouflage tanks armoured cars roofs buildings paint reveal complete failure responsible grasp essential factor disguise surface continuity work carried courage confidence close range objects properly treated appear conspicuous painted deception close range ranges bombing raids likely distances differences blend effect render work practically useless pioneering work endorsed review coloration colleagues notes proposed different form camouflage traditional strategy background matching proposed authors wallace colours animals animal coloration stevens observes background matching fail boundary animal background animals patterns use strongly contrasting markings spots stripes break outlines animal military vehicle predators like leopard potential prey like egyptian use patterns patterns defined colleagues characterized high contrast light dark patches configuration provide camouflage disrupting recognizable shape orientation animal strategy appears counter intuitive method camouflage disrupting outlines depends patches colour contrast strongly patches conspicuous background matching works best single background coloration effective strategy animal military vehicle variety backgrounds colleagues believed experimental test coloration effective colour patches match background high contrast background adjacent pattern elements contrast like targets matching background oak tree bark dead removed assumed bird predator taken distinguished visits predators found coloration provided best protection bird predators pattern matched background elements pattern match patterns better reducing predation non patterns plain control targets patterns conceal specific features animals fish birds frogs snakes readily detected eyes necessarily round dark species conceal eye stripe runs eye contrasting stripe eye making dark area background called pattern opposite case poisonous animals advertise presence warning coloration use patterns emphasize disrupt outlines example monarch butterflies high contrast patterns display outlines advertising patterns exploit opposite principle coloration effect exactly opposite effect animal conspicuous possible disputed case presence bold markings prove animal relies camouflage according mitchell adult conspicuous making conclusion patterns camouflage appear standing trees bushes camouflage effective metres distance young vulnerable predation adults die year mothers hide spend time lying cover presence mother affect survival mitchell suggests young extremely supported fact coat markings strongly inherited conversely far hiding adult gain best view approaching predator relying size ability defend lions ways hiding outlines outlines animal body hard methods highly irregular outline example butterfly album highly cryptic wings closed cryptic colours pattern irregular outer margins wings military usage coloration common military usage military vehicles firing positions installations individual soldiers uniforms equipment helmets face paint break outlines features coloration achieve animal military target given away factors including shape shine shadow military camouflage patterns 1940s coloured issue woodland pattern united_states armed forces pattern dominant feature military uniforms pattern material began replace plain material uniforms later armies challenges major challenges face design patterned uniforms firstly units frequently terrain background colours contrasts differ greatly uniform designed woodland strongly contrasting desert use green urban use single camouflage pattern effective attempted suit environments withdrawn years service terrain specific patterns like berlin camouflage applied british vehicles operating berlin cold war developed ineffective secondly effectiveness pattern disrupting soldier outlines varies lighting depending weather height sun sky given patch printed colour varies apparent size distance enemy observing pattern pattern printed small patches colour blends single perceived mass certain range defeating effect conversely pattern printed large patches colour appears conspicuous shorter ranges problem solved shapes designed digitally provide like range patch sizes enabling effectively close range distance genuinely digital camouflage pattern canadian soon followed appearance essential effect simpler design print examples | Disruptive coloration | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
23892_Workerpolicing | worker worker behavior seen colonies social ants bees worker females eat remove eggs laid workers laid queen worker ensures offspring queen group certain species bees ants workers queen act aggressively fertile workers worker suggested form promote evolution behavior insect societies proposed mechanisms recognition worker laid eggs active reproductive workers include marker surface queen laid eggs cuticle reproductive workers recognition nest mates rare cases worker laid eggs carry queen escape condition known syndrome forms require presence queen occurs species ants establish dominance hierarchy reproductive female workers ranking individuals reproduce evolutionary basis social insect communities sex determined male develop eggs females develop eggs queens colony mate average queen shares half genes sons shares quarter genes sons fertile female workers queen best interests sons raised sons workers workers reproduce ants bees male offspring come eggs contrast worker shares half genes sons quarter brothers furthermore workers colonies single queen related higher related brothers results conflict queen worker females odds proportion male offspring contribute tries maximize reproductive fitness queens favor production sons workers favor production sons stop sisters laying favorable worker occurs worker bees colony genetically closely related queen reproductive female instances eggs female worker eaten repeatedly attacked workers mechanism egg removal ensures queen sons experiments confirming role selection worker demonstrate effects multiple lead lower average workers queens social wasp mate singly researchers study observed strong positive worker male production controlling absolute number eggs laid scientists conclude queen multiple favor mutual worker early theories worker focused selection component evidence honey bees suggests enforced fewer workers reproduce effectiveness rises effectiveness decreases increasing colonies queen suggests worker social imposed selfish individuals proposed mechanisms recognition mechanisms suggested egg discrimination worker include queen fertile worker recognition queen study carpenter found special surface queen laid eggs workers colony queen eggs egg laying groups queen laid eggs showed worker reproduction act signal alert workers halt reproduction generally authors concluded fertility signal unknown decision reproduction occurs minimum threshold fertility queen needed reduce worker reproduction fertile worker study cuticle applied reproductive workers colonies presence new reproductive workers triggered aggressive behavior rest colony new old reproductive workers specifically old reproductive workers marker antennae new females identifying rivals targets aggression recognition contrast species worker appears incorporate recognition addition queen workers displayed higher levels aggression non nest mates removed queen laid eggs queen contributor discrimination eggs examples social worker evolved social insect species following cases examples bees examples worker discovered honey bee worker prevalent honey bee colonies worker reproduction minimal species worker occurs egg eating colonies activation fertile females diminished suggesting laying eggs workers colonies asian honey bee reported engage analysis researchers concluded mature non queen colonies investigated workers activated capable laying eggs worker ensured functional fertile workers higher percentage female workers bee species reported activate queens removed workers activated subsequent days workers continued eat worker laid eggs suggesting mechanism species involve direct intervention queen observation species engage led researchers conclude worker genus worker occurs ants colonies workers eat eggs fertile female workers display aggressive behavior egg laying females colonies workers mate lay eggs remain lay eggs consumed display workers female reproductive workers biting limbs reported victims die treatment attacking workers drag workers outside colony workers lay male female eggs worker favored cost community large species display evidence researchers separated reunited workers colonies queens workers queen containing colonies attacked workers activated colonies tree wasp displays worker egg eating aggression reported wasp communities queen engages process similar behavior observed closely related species media colonies paper wasp workers lay quarter male eggs colony number eggs survived hatching minimal compared number produced queen analysis markers showed queens workers contributed worker queen laid eggs colonies common wasp engages worker known significant number workers active studies researchers suggested key factor development worker worker selected conflict suppression colony test worker researchers examined removal worker laid eggs wasp low testing conditions worker efficient appeared worker laid eggs previously thought reproductive control queen explaining females didn reproduce capable experiments foster showed workers instead regulating instead exhibiting worker worker capable colony efficient organized workers allow queen lay larvae engage worker times queen needed prevent females laying eggs aggressive behavior egg eating exceptions syndrome rarely female worker bees lay eggs escape worker process known syndrome female reproductive workers colonies activate presence queen worker eggs allowed mimic queen female workers maximize reproductive fitness expense colony syndrome example selection working opposite directions individual group levels selfish worker shown collective worker queen removed rank order reproduction appears ranking display aggression lower order female workers reductions egg laying created dominance individuals act benefit colony instead opting increase fitness laying eggs reducing contributions opponents type policy common despite related workers sons worker laid eggs consumed workers worker genetic conflict colonies workers equally related genetically worker expected genetic conflict expect severe effects condition colony reproductive workers left example time spent individual reproduction predicted care queen offspring studies ants workers actually display worker evidenced increased aggression reproductive workers worker favored group efficiency | Worker policing | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
24812_Plantdefenseagainstherbivory | plant defense plant defense host plant resistance describes range adaptations evolved plants improve survival reproduction reducing impact plants sense touched use strategies defend damage caused plants produce secondary known influence behavior growth survival chemical defenses act reduce plant defensive strategies plants include escaping avoiding time place example growing location plants easily found accessed changing seasonal growth patterns approach eating non essential parts ability plant recover damage caused plants encourage presence natural enemies turn protect plant type defense present plant induced produced reaction damage stress caused historically insects significant evolution land plants closely associated evolution insects plant defenses directed insects defenses evolved aimed birds mammals study plant defenses important evolutionary view point direct impact defenses agriculture including human livestock food sources beneficial biological control agents biological pest control programs search plants medical importance evolution defensive traits earliest land plants evolved aquatic plants million years ago period plants adapted terrestrial environment removing fact essential animal cells important action caused block transport animal cells plant cardiac liberate blocking poisonous large parasites plant cells useful seed phase vegetable strong able kill bacteria fungi cretaceous period saw appearance plant defense mechanisms flowering plants time associated sudden burst insects insects represented major selective force plant evolution led selection plants defensive adaptations early insect bit vegetation evolution plants lead evolution forms leaf mining forming feeding relative abundance different species plants ecological communities including forests determined level defensive compounds different species cost replacement damaged leaves higher conditions resources scarce plants growing areas water nutrients scarce invest resources anti defenses records understanding geological time comes sources plants preserve evidence defense spines related damage observation plant debris animal construction long thought phenomenon evidence found soon fossils million years fossils stems close million years ago evidence consumed animals fed spores early plants provides evidence organisms fed plants pierce suck technique plants time preserved spine like performed defensive role opted develop leaves ensuing million years plants evolved range complex organs roots seeds gap million years organ evolving fed hole feeding recorded early surface fluid feeding evolving end period evolution dependent plants food evolved mechanisms obtain food despite evolution diverse arsenal plant defenses adaptations plant defense likened offensive traits consist adaptations allow increased feeding use host plant relationships host plants results evolutionary change called evolution eats plant plants mount defensive response cases relationship demonstrates evolution trait traits evolve species thought evolved escape radiation mechanism evolution presents idea adaptations host plants driving force played role radiation insect species age evolved ways plant defenses benefit chemicals protect predators plant defenses generally complete plants tend evolve tolerance types plant defenses classified generally induced defenses present plant induced defenses produced mobilized site plant injured wide variation composition concentration defenses range mechanical defenses external mechanical defenses large defenses require large amounts resources produce difficult variety molecular approaches determine mechanism induced plant defenses responses induced defenses include secondary products morphological changes advantage opposed defenses produced needed potentially costly especially variable chemical defenses evolution chemical defences plants linked emergence chemical substances involved essential activities substances secondary organic compounds directly involved normal growth development reproduction organisms produced products synthesis primary products secondary thought play major role defenses analysis recent relevant studies suggested minimal compared non secondary primary chemistry physiology complex involvement defense secondary characterized defined interfere blocking specific reactions chemicals present plants relatively low concentrations dry weight dependent usually small water molecules rapidly synthesized transported stored relatively little energy cost plant usually effective non adapted specialists chemicals present high concentration plants dry weight equally effective specialists plant cell walls animals effects dependent higher chemicals proportion diet nutrition gain plant tissues typically large molecules defenses expensive produce maintain longer transport example produces unique chemical compound defend japanese beetles minutes chemical chemical usually wears hours time beetle consumed predators types chemical defences plants evolved secondary involved plant defense collectively known compounds classified sub groups nitrogen compounds including derived known exist examples include cocaine effects humans animals activate alter fat storage formation bonds involved breakdown certain synthesis proteins affect dna repair mechanisms affect cell membrane structure causing cells weaken collapse leak affect nerve transmission act diversity systems humans animals uniformly bitter taste stored inactive forms plant toxic eat plant break cell membranes allowing come contact releasing hydrogen blocks cellular activated way products cause mouth secondary defence characteristic grasses stored inactive plant tissue disruption contact release toxic present following considered plant defenses referred organic chemicals similar derived carbon units known types structures differ functional groups basic carbon skeletons continuing units volatile essential units widely distributed latex toxic responsible making leaves poisonous plant produced including red blood cells called consist carbon ring group properties disrupt activity range simple complex plants red blue yellow white complex called capable producing different types effects humans including properties examples defense plants condensed composed molecules binding consumed plant proteins making difficult animals digest interfering protein absorption digestive completely animals grind insect necessary feeding addition larger groups substances mentioned acid defense water derived acid acid simple acid sweet leads humans synthesis plants example use small molecules disrupt case acid cycle tropical species consumed fishes relatively low level mechanical defenses plants external structural defenses discourage depending physical characteristics size defensive armor plant structural defenses stems leaves deter kill defensive compounds produced internally released plant surface example wax cover terrestrial plants alter texture plant tissue leaves holly plants instance smooth slippery making feeding difficult plants produce traps insects plant leaves stem covered sharp spines hairs leaf containing plant structural features like spines reduce feeding large goats restricting feeding rate wearing sharp calcium calcium plant tissues making painful damaging mouth causing efficient delivery plant structure plant branching leaf arrangement evolved reduce impact shrubs new_zealand evolved special wide branching adaptations believed response birds similarly long spines low canopy short spines high canopy comparatively safe trees protect fruit multiple layers armor needing efficient tools break seed contents special skills climb tall relatively smooth trunk movements occur response touch defense plants leaves sensitive plant close rapidly response direct touch vibration electrical thermal cause mechanical response abrupt change pressure base leaves resulting phenomena spread electrical chemical means plant single need disturbed response surface area available presented underside results appearance physically small insects plants mimic presence insect eggs leaves insect species laying eggs female butterflies likely lay eggs plants butterfly eggs species genus passion flowers contain physical structures resembling yellow eggs butterflies leaves discourage butterflies indirect defenses category plant defenses features indirectly protect plant enhancing probability attracting natural enemies arrangement known case enemy enemy variety feature given plants group volatile organic compounds involved interactions organisms group consisting play defensive role communication members higher levels locate food sources plant attacked releases containing abnormal ratio predators sense food cues attracting damaged plant feeding subsequent reduction number fitness benefit plant demonstrates indirect defensive capabilities induced studies suggested attract plants provide housing food items natural enemies known defense mechanisms means maintain presence example trees genus adapted thin stem walls create ideal housing species genus turn protects plant addition providing housing plant provides exclusive food source food bodies produced plant similarly tree species developed swollen base forming structure acts housing trees produce leaves food ants plant use fungi defense common phenomenon plants organisms live cause disease protect plants help plant producing harmful organisms attack plant producing fungi common grasses tall leaf color suggestions leaf response provides protection diseases certain kinds leaf miners forming insects responses change leaf colors prior fall suggested adaptations help undermine camouflage autumn leaf color suggested act honest warning signal defensive commitment insect migrate trees autumn costs benefits defensive structures chemicals costly require resources plants maximize growth reproduction models proposed explore plants investment defenses optimal defense hypothesis optimal defense hypothesis attempts explain kinds defenses particular plant use reflect threats individual plant faces model considers main factors risk attack value plant cost defense factor determining optimal defense risk likely plant certain plant parts attacked related plant hypothesis states plant invest heavily broadly effective defenses plant easily found examples apparent plants produce include long living trees shrubs perennial grasses plants short lived plants early stages hand invest small amounts effective specialized second factor value protection plant able survive reproduce removal structure plant parts equal evolutionary value valuable parts contain defenses plant stage development time feeding affects resulting change fitness fitness value plant structure determined removing plant observing effect general reproductive parts easily replaced parts terminal leaves greater value basal leaves loss plant parts mid season greater negative effect fitness removal beginning end season seeds particular tend protected example seeds edible fruits nuts contain results need balance effort needed fruit attractive animal ensuring seeds destroyed animal final consideration cost particular defensive strategy cost plant energy materials particularly important energy spent defense functions reproduction growth optimal defense hypothesis plants energy defense benefits protection costs specifically situations high pressure carbon nutrient balance hypothesis carbon nutrient balance hypothesis known environmental hypothesis carbon nutrient balance model states types plant defenses responses variations levels nutrients environment hypothesis ratio plants determines secondary synthesized example plants growing nitrogen poor soils use carbon based defenses growing low carbon environments conditions likely produce nitrogen based hypothesis plants change defenses response changes nutrients example plants grown low nitrogen conditions plants implement defensive strategy composed carbon based defenses nutrient levels subsequently increase example addition carbon based defenses decrease growth rate hypothesis growth rate hypothesis known resource availability hypothesis states defense strategies determined inherent growth rate plant turn determined resources available plant major assumption available resources limiting factor determining maximum growth rate plant species model level defense investment increase potential growth decreases additionally plants resource poor areas inherently slow growth rates tend long lived leaves twigs loss plant result loss scarce valuable nutrients recent test model involved species trees clay soils nutrient rich white sand nutrient poor determine trade offs growth rate defenses restrict species habitat planted white sand protected originating clay originating nutrient poor sand presence originating white sand performed better likely higher levels carbon based defenses finding suggest defensive strategies limit habitats plants growth balance hypothesis growth balance hypothesis states plant defenses result growth related processes related processes different environments related processes defined processes enhance structure function existing cells maturation plant produce chemical defenses energy available plants highest concentrations secondary ones intermediate level available resources accounts growth defense resource availability gradient situations resources water nutrients limit carbon supply predicted limit growth defense resource availability increases requirements needed support met allowing accumulation tissues resources sufficient meet large demands growth carbon compounds instead synthesis carbon based secondary etc environments resource demands growth met carbon allocated rapidly dividing high sink strength expense secondary rapidly growing plants predicted contain lower levels secondary vice versa addition predicted change time evidenced recent study support hypothesis present literature scientists consider mature plant defense importance humans agriculture variation plant probably known early stages agriculture humans historic times observation variations provided solutions major socio economic problems introduced north_america france years destroyed nearly french yards noted american species resistant riley helped save french wine industry suggesting susceptible high quality root stocks formal study plant resistance covered extensively painter widely regarded founder area research book work pioneered research work basis research ussr fresh growth grass high acid content cause poisoning grazing livestock production chemicals grasses primarily defense human innovation cooking particularly helpful overcoming defensive chemicals plants grains prevalent pulse crops cooking making known late 17th century plants contain chemicals avoided insects chemicals man early extracted tobacco contact insect infested plants treated heating tobacco blowing smoke plants flowers species contain potent later years applications plant resistance important area research agriculture plant breeding particularly serve safe low cost alternative use important role secondary plant substances plant defense described late 1950s use botanical widespread notable examples include citrus species pepper natural materials found environment induce plant resistance derived induce plant natural defense response diseases insects including approved reduce dependence toxic selective breeding crop plants involves selection plant resistance strategies makes crop plant varieties particularly susceptible unlike wild relatives breeding host plant resistance wild relatives provide source resistance genes genes incorporated conventional approaches plant breeding augmented techniques allow introduction genes completely unrelated organisms famous approach introduction genes species plants produces proteins kill gene highly toxic proteins introduced host plant resistance toxic proteins produced plant approach controversial possibility ecological effects currently available derived secondary plants use protect including cocaine chemicals evolved affect insects specific ways pathways including humans chemicals act human ways similar insects suggested study plant insect interactions help evidence humans began plant medical preparations early active components medicinal plants isolated recently beginning early 19th century substances drugs human history example combat larvae species trees produce variety familiar extremely bitter making bark tree anti fever agent known jesuit bark especially useful treating malaria history highly sought reputed properties roots plant contain large quantities high acts central nervous system makes plant highly toxic later found pain management prior labor smaller prevent motion sickness known valuable drug isolated bark pacific early 1960s biological pest control companion planting defensive live fencing host plant resistance species beneficial biological control agents technique biological pest control programs organic wildlife sustainable sustainable landscaping organic farming sustainable agriculture restoration ecology methods habitat restoration projects references editors plant resistance ecology evolution chicago isbn sue million years war plant royal institution christmas lecture howe ecological relationships plants animals oxford isbn induced responses chicago isbn ecology insects concepts applications oxford isbn process chicago isbn plants evolutionary biology | Plant defense against herbivory | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
26462_Declineinamphibianpopulations | decline populations scientists observed reduction populations european species 1950s awareness decline populations classification modern day global mass extinction dates 1980s species frogs present continents decline today phenomenon declining populations affects thousands species types ecosystems recognized severe examples extinction severe implications global biodiversity 1980s decreases populations including population crashes mass localized spotted locations world declines known critical threats global biodiversity causes believed involved including disease habitat destruction modification exploitation pollution use introduced species radiation causes declines poorly understood topic currently subject ongoing research calculations based extinction rates suggest current extinction rate amphibians times greater background extinction rate estimate goes times endangered species included background past decades declines populations amphibians class organisms includes frogs occurred worldwide results published worldwide assessment populations global assessment found species globally threatened experiencing form population decrease species extinct iucn red list incorporates subsequent updates lists species critically endangered despite high risk group faces recent evidence suggests public growing largely indifferent environmental problems posing problems environmental workers alike habitat loss disease climate change thought responsible drastic decline populations recent years declines particularly intense western united_states central_america south_america eastern australia fiji cases appeared worldwide human activities causing loss world biodiversity amphibians appear suffering greater effects classes organism amphibians generally staged life cycle consisting aquatic larvae terrestrial adult phases sensitive terrestrial aquatic environmental effects skins highly susceptible environment organisms birds mammals scientists believe amphibians serve coal declines populations species indicate groups animals plants soon risk declines populations widely recognized late 1980s large gathering reported noticing declines populations amphibians globe species golden endemic costa_rica featured prominently subject scientific research populations suddenly crashed disappeared completely species including disappeared time species located related local human activities raised particular concern initial declines presented conservation issue late 1980s scientists remained reality gravity conservation issue argued populations organisms amphibians included naturally vary time argued lack long term data populations difficult determine declines reported worth limited time money conservation efforts initial come consensus declines populations real severe threat biodiversity consensus emerged increase number studies monitored populations direct observation mass mortality sites lacked apparent cause awareness declines populations truly global nature potential causes numerous potential explanations declines proposed causes associated population declines cause likely affect certain circumstances causes declines understood appear affect groups organisms amphibians causes include habitat modification introduced predators competitors introduced species pollution use harvesting declines occurred habitats effects likely occur causes declines complex attributed emerging diseases climate change increased radiation long distance transmission chemical wind artificial lighting suggested potential cause insects attracted lights making habitats habitat modification habitat modification destruction dramatic issues affecting species worldwide amphibians generally need aquatic terrestrial habitats survive threats habitat affect populations amphibians vulnerable habitat modification organisms require habitat type large scale climate changes modifying aquatic habitats preventing amphibians spawning altogether habitat habitat occurs habitats isolated habitat modification small area forest completely surrounded agricultural fields small populations survive fragments susceptible genetic drift extinction small fluctuations environment pollution chemical evidence chemical causing frog developmental extra limbs eyes varying effects frogs alter central nervous system like cause disruption production experimental studies shown exposure commonly greatly increase mortality additional studies indicated terrestrial adult stages amphibians susceptible non active ingredients particularly shown cause male african frogs development male female organs reported parts world study conducted laboratory sweden frogs exposed levels like existing natural bodies water europe united_states females exposed weakest concentration twice likely females control group given heaviest dose female effects likely local restricted areas near agriculture evidence sierra nevada mountains western united_states traveling long distances areas including california recent evidence points possible contributing factor worldwide decline amphibians radiation cloud cover like organisms increasing radiation factors harm dna amphibians particularly eggs damage depends life stage species type environmental parameters frogs produce dna damage susceptible effects loss layer exposure radiation kill particular species life stage cause damage dozen species amphibians studied severe effects reported publications peer reviewed journals representing authors north_america europe australia experimental enclosure approaches determine effects egg stages criticized example egg masses placed water depths shallower typical natural sites radiation important amphibians effect egg stage climate change likely exerted major effect declines example cloud forest series unusually warm years led mass frog golden increased level cloud cover result global warming warmed nights cooled daytime temperatures blamed growth fungus agent fungal infection immediate cause die offs climate change played pivotal role researchers included subtle connection inclusive climate linked epidemic hypothesis acknowledged climatic change key factor costa_rica new evidence shown global warming capable directly body condition additionally phenomenon landscape alteration pollution species invasions effect disease number diseases related mass die offs declines populations amphibians including red leg disease family entirely clear diseases suddenly begun affect populations evidence suggests diseases spread humans combined environmental factors considerable evidence parasitic type contributed developmental population declines amphibians regions genus complex life cycle host species host includes number species aquatic early stages transmitted aquatic larvae developing limb life stages produce developmental post frogs including additional missing limbs increase frog predation aquatic birds final host study showed high levels nutrients farming activities fuel parasite caused frog ponds lakes north_america study showed increased levels nitrogen cause sharp abundance parasites subsequently form developing limbs causing missing limbs extra limbs severe including extra limbs following large scale frog deaths australia central_america research teams areas came identical results previously species fungus clear recent amphibians australia americas linked fungus fungus belongs family known generally disease caused called frogs infected disease generally skin believed death occurs interference skin functions including maintenance fluid balance role barrier time infection death found weeks experimental tests infected animals carry fungus long days transmission fungus subsequent research established fungus present australia present north_america 1970s known record infection frogs sold pet shops laboratories world possible fungus exported africa introduced predators non native predators competitors found affect viability frogs habitats mountain yellow legged frog typically inhabits sierra nevada lakes seen decline numbers non native fish trout recreational fishing developing fall prey fish large numbers interference frog year causing decline manifest ecosystem increased noise levels frogs highly vocal reproductive behaviour involves use suggestions increased noise levels caused human activities contributing declines study thailand increased ambient noise levels shown decrease calling species cause increase shown cause widespread decline symptoms stressed populations populations beginning stages decline number signs potentially identify risk segments conservation efforts sign developmental instability proven evidence environmental stress environmental stress potentially raise diseases lead declines study conducted queensland australia example populations species found exhibit far greater levels limb pre decline years control years preceded die offs average years learning identify signals critical period population declines occur greatly improve conservation efforts conservation measures february scientists worldwide met atlanta form group called help save species amphibians disappearing starting captive breeding programmes conservation efforts created organizations help studies frog extinction educate people issue hand areas noticed frog like australia policies created prevent extinction species local initiatives placed conscious efforts decrease global warming turn conscious effort saving frogs south_america increased decline populations set policy try save frogs suggestions include getting entire governments place set rules institutions source guidelines local governments critical issue design protected areas amphibians provide suitable conditions survival conservation efforts use protected areas shown generally temporary solution population decline extinction amphibians crucial amphibians maintain high level genetic variation large diverse environments education local people protect amphibians crucial legislation local protection limiting use toxic chemicals including sensitive areas | Decline in amphibian populations | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
26826_Deimaticbehaviour | behaviour behaviour animals means pattern threatening startling behaviour suddenly displaying conspicuous scare momentarily distract predator giving prey animal opportunity escape term originates greek root meaning display occurs widely separated groups animals including butterflies insects cephalopods different species paper displays classified responses animals predators initially learn eat displaying prey display classed prey continue avoid prey display taken meaning prey genuinely categories entirely mutually exclusive possible behaviour predator indicates presence adaptations including species frog warning displays species poison mammals displays found species strong defences foul displays combined warning coloration displays frogs mammals insects displays insects including praying stick insects insects usually disturbed potential predator suddenly reveal hind wings brightly coloured wing display reinforced showing brightly coloured legs accompanied loud sound created example displays red yellow areas hind wings producing similarly threat display walking stick bluff insect defensive like chemical compounds attackers behaviour eyed displays large moving slowly predator owl butterflies butterfly cryptic leaf mimic wings closed displays conspicuous disturbed display effective birds experiment australian zoologist demonstrated resembled real eye colour pattern effective birds experiment butterflies showed conspicuous birds yellow effectively frightened sudden appearance colour actual pattern contribute effectiveness display large red cryptic rest display flash bright colours disturbed species genus look threatening rest genera display snake heads frontal position hunted bats contain chemicals tiger ears conspicuous coloration start bats approach experiment canadian tiger northern long bats suggests signals fact disrupt warn chemical defence behaviour insects spiders threat displays considered generally predators spider hunting actively hunt overcoming defences instance sounds reason describe display spiders use variety different threat displays rapidly disturbed outline makes look larger difficult locate precisely attack spiders exhibit behaviour threatened spider legs spread species dangerous indian ornamental tree spider bright legs shown threat display hind legs fore limbs air perform threat displays provoked spread cases raise tails standing near erect sting ready immediate use addition produce noises legs cephalopods behaviour found cephalopods including common squid caribbean reef squid reef squid including common octopus octopus atlantic white spotted octopus octopus paper displays involve suddenly creating bold stripes reinforced stretching animal arms fins web look big threatening possible example common display consists body making skin pale showing pair mantle dark eye rings dark line fins pupils eyes common octopus similarly displays pale skin dark eye rings pupils arms stretches web arms far possible jets water atlantic white spotted octopus turn bright brownish red oval white spots high contrast display paper rapidly change appearance suddenly shining web formed pair arms shell australian startling display wide head mouth opened wide exposing tail body body raised animal appears large threatening possible frogs behaviour animals air raise hind parts appear large possible display brightly coloured markings predators seven species frogs genus making animals usually contrasted black warning non displays occur mammals possess powerful defences spines warn potential predators attempting escape running lowland raises spines head confronted predator moves head erect long sharp adopt head posture predator nearby spotted legs body raised vertically bold pattern displayed tail near scent raised spread study different species canadian found sounds similar rapid onset starting suddenly reaching volume consist mixture frequencies little energy hearing range frequencies change time minutes having similar spectrum onset clear difference sounds different species measured pattern implies serve general attention getting device designed display similarity harsh sounds warning calls birds mammals enhance effectiveness barely hear sound unlikely serve form communication snakes species finally sounds loud cause pain predators away note effect inexperienced animals predators large animals snake stepping warning signal animals aware meaning refer work colleague responses big brown bat defensive family includes garden tiger family includes large bitter poisonous found sounds inexperienced bats trials bats ignored sounds prey edible sounds warn experienced bats bitter prey honest signal | Deimatic behaviour | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
27565_Camouflage | camouflage camouflage use combination materials coloration illumination making animals objects hard examples include leopard spotted coat modern soldier leaf mimic wings approach motion observer conspicuous pattern making object visible momentarily harder locate majority camouflage methods aim general resemblance background high contrast coloration eliminating shadow open ocean background principal methods camouflage transparency ability produce light things counter illumination cephalopods squid animals capable actively changing skin pattern colours camouflage signalling military camouflage spurred increasing range accuracy firearms 19th century particular replacement inaccurate musket rifle personal battle survival skill 20th century military camouflage developed rapidly especially world war land artists mare designed camouflage schemes observation posts disguised trees sea merchant ships troop carriers painted patterns highly visible designed confuse enemy submarines target speed range heading second world war variety camouflage schemes aircraft ground vehicles different theatres war use radar mid-20th century largely camouflage fixed wing military aircraft obsolete non military use camouflage includes making cell telephone towers helping hunters approach wary game animals patterns derived military camouflage frequently fashion clothing exploiting strong designs symbolism camouflage themes modern art literally science fiction works literature history ancient greece aristotle commented colour changing abilities camouflage signalling cephalopods including octopus octopus seeks prey changing colour render like colour stones adjacent alarmed camouflage topic interest research century according theory natural selection features camouflage evolved providing individual animals reproductive advantage enabling leave offspring average members species origin species darwin wrote leaf eating insects green bark grey alpine white winter red colour heather black earth believe service birds insects preserving danger destroyed period lives increase countless numbers known suffer largely birds prey hawks guided prey parts continent persons warned white liable destruction reason doubt natural selection effective giving proper colour kind keeping colour acquired true constant english zoologist studied animal coloration especially camouflage book colours animals classified different types special protective resemblance animal looks like object general aggressive resemblance predator blends background enabling approach prey experiments showed match backgrounds larvae general protective resemblance time considered main method camouflage wrote tree animals green colour numerous species tree frogs green tree snake examples briefly mention methods including coloration flower possibility different mechanism orange tip butterfly wrote scattered green spots surface wings intended rough sketch small plant close mutual resemblance explained coloration sea fish fish common find upper surface dark coloured lower surface white animal seen artist formulated called law principle case book animal kingdom arguing patterns colors whatsoever animals preyed preyed certain normal circumstances cryptic camouflage mark warning color sexually selected color exists world reason believe best device paintings reinforce argument mocked views critics including english zoologist book animals corrected errors sharply find theory fantastic extreme cover type coloration animal kingdom built discoveries developing comprehensive view camouflage based maximum contrast hundreds examples book explained camouflage worked streaks contrasting colour making objects visible breaking outlines systematic balanced view include experimental evidence effectiveness camouflage page textbook like mainly natural history narrative illustrated theories examples camouflage soft tissue feature rarely preserved fossil record rare skin samples cretaceous period marine reptiles skins dark coloured reveal turtles dark backs light military ship camouflage occasionally ancient times wrote mediterranean pirate ships painted blue gray says venetian blue sea green wars sent reconnaissance boats gather intelligence coast britain ships painted entirely bluish green wax sails ropes crew colour little evidence military use camouflage land unusual men peru culture hunting birds fitted kind shield near mouth conceal hunters hands faces early source 15th century french manuscript hunting book showing horse pulling cart contains hunter armed cover branches serving hide shooting game said plant materials camouflage war 19th century origins development military camouflage driven increasing range accuracy infantry firearms 19th century particular replacement inaccurate musket weapons baker rifle personal battle essential napoleonic war units british_army rifle regiment 60th rifle regiment adopt camouflage form rifle green jacket line regiments continued wear scarlet contemporary study english artist soldier smith provided evidence grey uniforms visible green ones range yards american civil war rifle units 1st united states sharp shooters federal army similarly wore green jackets units wore conspicuous colours british_army unit adopt uniforms sir second command introduced uniform wrote appropriate hot climate help troops invisible land dust later improvised cloth locally regiments india soon adopted uniform drill uniform outside europe second boer war years later british_army world war world war french army formed camouflage corps led employing artists known create schemes tree observation posts covers guns armies soon followed term camouflage probably comes slang term meaning disguise influenced french term meaning smoke blown face english zoologist artist american artist led attempts introduce scientific principles military camouflage limited success ship camouflage introduced early 20th century range naval guns increased ships painted grey april german boats sinking british ships torpedoes marine artist devised camouflage ships visible harder target words designed low visibility way break form confuse submarine officer course heading second world war second world war zoologist protégé worked persuade british army use effective camouflage techniques including like world war limited success example painted rail mounted coastal guns conventional style aerial photographs gun essentially invisible power aerial observation attack led nation camouflage targets types soviet_union created comprehensive doctrine military deception including use camouflage example general commander soviet remarked enemy suspect tanks waiting later learned prisoners managed tanks forward unnoticed tanks concealed previously prepared defensive turrets ground level air second world war fighters painted ground colours sky colours attempting different camouflage schemes observers bombers night fighters black maritime reconnaissance planes usually white avoid appearing dark shapes sky ships camouflage mainly replaced plain grey second world war experimentation colour schemes continued world war artists pressed service example painter lecturer newly founded writing practical film maker ran war including successful deception chief instructor artist camouflage officers called included australia artists prominent formed professor zoologist sydney smith members group worked airport garden island dockyard camouflage protect military equipment vehicles guns ships aircraft buildings individual soldiers positions vehicle camouflage techniques begin paint offers best limited effectiveness methods stationary land vehicles include covering improvised materials blankets vegetation nets screens soft covers suitably reflect absorb near infrared radar waves military vehicle camouflage reflect infrared help provide night vision devices second world war radar camouflage generally effective coastal boats painted like land vehicles aircraft camouflage came seen important radar aircraft different air forces royal_air_force lightning textile patterns developed suit need match combat clothing different kinds terrain woodland snow desert design pattern effective proved elusive attempted suit environments withdrawn years service terrain specific patterns developed ineffective problem making pattern works different ranges solved shapes designed digitally provide like range patch sizes appear coloured close range distance genuinely digital camouflage pattern canadian issued army soon followed appearance essential effect simpler design print principles camouflage achieved different methods described methods contribute helping hide background motion protect hiding methods applied combination means making animal military equipment hard detect ways sound scent visual achieved different ways living underground active night variety methods camouflage resemblance surroundings animals colours patterns resemble particular natural background important component camouflage environments instance tree dwelling mainly green forest floor brown brown buff case animal coloration matches habitat similarly desert animals desert coloured tones sand buff brownish grey mammals like fox birds desert reptiles like military uniforms generally resemble backgrounds example uniforms muddy dusty colour originally chosen service industrial including coloration blends tree bark coloration insects evolved match changing colour tree rest pale black areas taken evidence camouflage influenced natural selection demonstrating changes necessary resemble local background coloration patterns use strongly contrasting non repeating markings spots stripes break outlines animal military vehicle conceal features especially eyes common frog patterns use method defeat visual systems edge detection predators like leopard use camouflage help approach prey potential prey like egyptian use avoid detection predators common military usage uniforms military vehicles achieve animal military target given away factors like shape shine shadow presence bold skin markings prove animal relies camouflage depends behaviour example high contrast pattern coloration adults extremely conspicuous open authors argued adult cryptic standing trees bushes hard metres distance adult gain best view approaching predator relying size ability defend lions camouflage different explanation implied fact young far vulnerable predation adults half die year mothers hide spend time lying cover mothers away feeding presence mother nearby affect survival argued young extremely supported fact coat markings strongly inherited eliminating shadow animals north_america evolved elaborate measures eliminate shadow bodies flattened sides edge animals press bodies ground sides fringed white scales effectively hide disrupt remaining areas shadow edge body theory body shape live open desert adapted shadow supported species lacks fringe scales lives rocky areas resembles rock species threatened makes look like rock possible curving emphasizing dimensional shape species butterflies wood shadows closing wings backs bodies sun sun shadow thin line broad patch similarly ground nesting birds including european select resting position facing sun elimination shadow identified principle military camouflage second world war self decoration animals actively seek hide materials twigs sand pieces shell environment break outlines conceal features bodies match backgrounds example fly builds decorated case lives entirely inside crab covers stones predatory masked bug uses hind legs fan body sand dust layers body spreads inner layer fine particles outer layer particles camouflage conceal bug predators prey similar principles applied military purposes instance sniper wears suit designed decoration materials grass sniper immediate environment suits early british army having adopted coats stripes paint takes example screen fragments leaves specially hooked argue military camouflage uses method pointing device essentially widely practised great war gun battery positions observation posts forth cryptic behaviour movement catches eye prey animals predators predators hunting prey methods require suitable cryptic behaviour lying keeping avoid detected case stalking predators tiger moving extreme stealth slowly quietly watching prey sign aware presence example combination methods involved young seek cover lie hours mothers return skin pattern blends pattern vegetation chosen cover lying position hide animals shadows flat tail similarly relies combination methods adapted lie flat open desert relying cryptic coloration shadow avoid noticed predators ocean sea dragon like rests wind water currents motion camouflage forms camouflage ineffective animal object moves motion easily seen observing predator prey enemy insects use motion camouflage approach possible mates approach rivals defending territories motion camouflage achieved moving stay straight line target fixed point landscape appears larger target field vision technique military purposes example missiles risk detection enemy missile engineers animals bats use technique primarily efficiency camouflage skin pattern colour animals frog squid octopus actively change skin patterns colours special cells resemble current background signalling contains pigment colour fish frogs colour change type known contain dark pigment star shaped contains small dispersed cell near centre dispersed cell makes patch animal skin appear dark cell animal skin appears light frogs change controlled relatively slowly mainly fish change controlled brain sends signals directly producing skins cephalopods octopus contain complex units consisting surrounding muscle nerve cells pigment grains small elastic sac stretched allowed relax control brain vary controlling different colours cephalopods rapidly change skin patterns colours longer animals like arctic hare arctic fox rock change coat colour growing new fur feathers brown grey summer white winter arctic fox species dog family arctic live far north canada summer short remain white year round principle varying coloration rapidly changing seasons military applications active camouflage theory use dynamic colour change simple techniques changing uniforms vehicles winter use second world war announced infrared camouflage technology uses panels cover sides tank panels heated cooled match vehicle surroundings object car viewed infrared uses graded colour counteract effect self creating illusion self makes animal appear darker grading light dark tones making animal nearly invisible suitable background observed animals painted nature parts tend sky light vice versa accordingly principle called law widely terrestrial animals marine animals sharks birds military camouflage despite second world war experiments showed effectiveness english zoologist encouraged use techniques including despite authority subject failed persuade british authorities soldiers viewed camouflage kind taught look camouflage practically enemy observer point view time australia zoologist advised soldiers copy animals methods instincts wartime camouflage term second meaning unrelated law upper animals sharks military aircraft different colours match different backgrounds seen camouflage consists surfaces simple function providing specific background bright water surface sky body shark fuselage aircraft light dark appear flat seen camouflage techniques matching background colour pattern disruption outlines counter illumination counter illumination means producing light match background brighter animal body military vehicle form active camouflage notably species squid squid squid light producing organs scattered underside create sparkling glow prevents animal appearing dark shape seen camouflage likely function marine organisms light produced attract detect prey signalling rarely military purposes lighting camouflage canada second world war involved projecting light sides ships match faint glow night sky requiring awkward external platforms support lamps canadian concept refined american lights project aircraft including naval planes fitted forward pointing lamps automatically adjusted match night sky enabled approach closer target yards metres seen obsolete radar lighting camouflage lights entered active service transparency marine animals float near surface highly transparent giving perfect camouflage transparency difficult bodies materials different marine animals gelatinous bodies composed mainly water thick highly transparent makes makes large muscle mass swim fast making form camouflage costly trade mobility gelatinous animals percent transparent transparency percent animal invisible predator depth metres better transparency required shallower water light brighter predators better example prey percent transparent optimal lighting shallow water sufficient transparency camouflage easily achieved deeper waters tissues muscles transparent provided thin organised regular layers small compared visible light familiar example transparency lens eye protein protein structures transparent notably equivalent light absorbing structures eyes absorb light able function camera type eye cephalopods completely finally structures visible reason lure prey example cells transparent resemble small examples transparent marine animals include wide variety larvae including floating worms crustaceans fish adults resembling shores live adult obey rule mainly transparent suggests follows general rule animals resemble background transparent medium like means actually transparent small amazon river fish associates transparent invisible species appear select transparent conventionally patterned according local background environment transparency achieved imitated effectively animal body highly reflective medium depths sea light comes mirror oriented vertically makes animals fish invisible fish upper ocean herring marine extremely flattened leaving body millimetres thick body resemble aluminium foil mirrors consist microscopic structures similar provide structural coloration crystals spaced apart interfere achieve nearly cent reflection deep waters lives blue light needs reflected mirrors apart provide good camouflage fish herring live shallower water mirrors reflect mixture fish accordingly crystal range different fish bodies rounded cross section mirrors ineffective laid flat skin fail reflect horizontally overall mirror effect achieved small oriented vertically found marine animals fish cephalopods including squid octopus multi layer mirrors protein called object looks like special interest observer common prey animals example dry leaf found nest structures build nest envelope patterns mimic leaves surrounding nest employed predators parasites lure prey example flower particular kind flower tactic occasionally warfare example heavily armed ships disguised merchant ships common brood parasite provides examples adult egg female lays eggs nests smaller species bird nest female resemblance sufficient small birds action avoid apparent predator female time lay egg nest seen egg eggs host species reducing chance rejected motion forms camouflage ineffective movement deer highly cryptic instantly seen moves method motion requires rapidly moving bold patterns contrasting stripes motion predators ability estimate prey speed direction accurately giving prey improved chance escape motion speed perception effective high speeds stripes perception size perceived range target motion proposed military vehicles applied motion patterns animals difficult locate accurately moving easier stationary evolutionary trade motion animal commonly thought patterned bold stripes claimed camouflage background blending years purpose coloration disputed experimental study suggested pattern reduces stationary models biting flies flies simulation study martin suggests moving stripes confuse observers predators biting insects visual wagon wheel effect perceived motion inverted illusion perceived motion wrong direction civil applications camouflage occasionally buildings conspicuous example south_africa towers carrying cell telephone antennae tall trees plastic branches response resistance community method costly figure times normal cost mentioned alternative forms camouflage include neutral colours familiar shapes cylinders reduced masts near actually structures hunters game long use camouflage form materials animal skins mud foliage green brown clothing enable approach wary game animals field sports driven shooting conceal hunters hides called shooting modern hunting clothing makes use provide camouflage pattern example hunter created cryptic clothing hunters printed images specific kinds vegetation grass branches automotive manufacturers use patterns disguise upcoming products camouflage designed vehicle visual lines covers patterns purpose prevent visual observation lesser degree photography subsequently enable reproduction vehicle form factors fashion art society military camouflage patterns influenced fashion art time world war onwards recalled artist reaction remember beginning war boulevard truck passed night heard camouflage seen amazed looked cried yes ball hosted wore patterned black white clothing ball influenced fashion art magazine articles announced scheme decoration great fancy dress ball given albert hall day based principles method camouflage war painting ships total effect brilliant fantastic recently fashion designers camouflage fabric striking designs patterned disorder symbolism camouflage clothing worn largely symbolic significance fashion late 1960s early 1970s united_states anti war ironically wore military clothing demonstrations american involvement vietnam war modern artists camouflage reflect war tank leaf pattern described drawing ironic parallel idea natural paradise camouflage patterns tank title refers poetry art latin phrase ego work science fiction camouflage novel alien beings word works literature collection stories love loss brief history camouflage camouflage nature animal coloration account principal facts theories relating colours markings animals hugh animals darwin charles reprinted classics colours animals meaning use especially considered case insects trench coloration animal kingdom general reading camouflage australia art nature science war isbn forbes peter camouflage isbn herring peter biology deep ocean isbn david survival beautiful art science evolution isbn military camouflage ships ancient world isbn newark tim camouflage thames hudson isbn | Camouflage | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Ecology |
5166_Smallville | american television series developed writer producers based comics character superman created series initially broadcast premiered october fifth season upn merged form series later united_states broadcaster ended tenth final season follows fictional town kansas known superman seasons focus clark friends high school season ventures adult settings eventually focusing career daily planet introducing comic book villains series production young protagonist journey batman proposed series failed generate interest inspired series developers pitched flights rule president reducing superman bare examining led seven seasons departed little explanation primarily filmed vancouver british_columbia local businesses buildings locations music seasons composed incorporated elements musical score superman film series season seven worked snow beginning series primary composer generally positively received began superman star expressed approval series making guest appearances death pilot episode set ratings record debut million viewers seasons series averaged million viewers episode season highest rated million end run passed stargate longest running north american science fiction series season series received accolades ranging teen choice awards spawned series young adult novels comic book soundtrack recordings series related merchandise seasons available dvd regions april continued comic book form storyline resuming shortly series finale ended november series overview regular cast introduced season storylines involving villain power exposure episode villains plot device developed season primarily dealt clark coming terms alien origin revelation arrival earth connected death parents season series fewer villain week episodes focusing instead individual character story arcs exploring clark origins major storylines include clark discovery heritage escalating conflict father voice clark father introduced clark spaceship setting stage plots involving role fulfilling clark destiny fourth season arc clark instructed searches stones contain knowledge universe form fortress clark battles attempts release criminal general capture destroy escaped phantom zone criminals cousin arrives discovers clark secret eighth season introduces version replaces departing series regular recurring guest season ninth season major members military group revived powers efforts regain powers season central conflict final season revolves clark attempts lose doubts fears hero meant confronting biggest challenges coming return cast plays young man abilities tries find place life discovering alien uses powers help danger clark season problems include inability share secret desire normal life months scouting cast clark convince manager role hurt actor film career persuade read pilot script reading script agreed audition plays girl door loss parents feels connected clark cast saw audition tape actress sent left series seventh season returned episodes season guest star plays son sent run local plant clark saves life fast friends series progresses friendship clark consider enemies role difficult cast auditioned twice feeling audition seriously outlined half page scene indicating funny charismatic menacing second audition went hired left seven seasons reprising role series finale plays clark best friends love feelings editor school newspaper curiosity desire expose know truth create tension friends especially investigates clark past learning casting director considered auditioning auditioned twice character created series intended ethnic background hired appeared comic book plays best friend clark person clark voluntarily tells secret love admit clark love triangle place ross written series end season guest appearance season seven jones series regulars cast seeing days began filming pilot comics ross producers chose cast jones african american plays clark adoptive mother husband clark wise advice increasing abilities season martha takes state senate seat season leaves originally cast filming including realized right committed television series filmed original pilot time creators wanted recast canceled allowing join cast actress played plays clark adoptive father goes great lengths protect son secret according perfectly willing jail worse protect son written series 100th episode dying heart attack night election victory wanted recognizable face happy cast known duke saw adding belief grown running farm plays boyfriend season jealous clark friendship clark joining marines going afghanistan whitney written season finale cameo appearances season episode disclosed killed action season episode façade flashback clark freshman year high school johnson auditioned clark cast whitney pleased writers gave character hero exit plays father responsible adoption clark legal questions origins tried try saw character rich powerful businessman disappointed son created parallel experiment extreme recurring season guest series regular seasons seven murdered near end seventh season returns parallel universe version portrayed final season recurring role plays love interest season follows paris taking job school assistant football coach fired relationship comes light end season disclosed working mother track stones knowledge cast second line role received billing season contracted season written season finale commitment supernatural plays cousin comes investigate supposed death stays recurring guest season series regular producers wanted bring series supposed death season finale provided opportunity cast days filming began initially appear episodes according film division negotiations character cleared appearances aaron plays photographer boyfriend works daily planet recurring guest season regular cast member season seven called casting welcome surprise auditioned role tape hadn heard couple weeks later sudden sic got saying going vancouver start shooting dream come true seasons series regular character killed murdered said character real jimmy younger brother appears briefly season finale intended jimmy works clark returns real younger jimmy series finale plays clark cousin sent look clark suspended animation eighteen years dam ship broke season finale phantom set free clark abilities including flight end seventh season trapped phantom zone return regularly eighth season guest appearances wrap storyline season season prophecy plays ceo leader small group recurring guest sixth seventh seasons series regular season producers choice play designed shake clark season clark alternate view fight crime plays season charismatic struggling inner darkness version character kill superman davis come resemble comic book counterpart course season said departure new executive producers looking villain great fit bill plays successor ceo season homage superman characters freeman described character fierce fun intelligent finding primary season goal believes clark able help season episode abandoned disclosed birth illegitimate daughter plays early version criminal sent phantom zone prison character mentioned season uses body vessel spirit appears sphere season finale executive producers called incarnation major opposed typical general season rises experiences key beloved characters production development originally wanted series young feature film division decided develop origin movie batman want compete television series approached president developing series young superman year developed pilot based film watching pilot approached developing pilot young superman flights rule clark fly wear superman suit series wanted strip superman bare essence exploring felt comic book fans familiar universe approach series learned characters researching comics choosing liked pitched idea fox day bidding war networks followed committing thirteen episodes knew action oriented wanted reach 7th heaven create atmosphere team decided shower bringing clark earth ironic foundation primary source life earth super powered beings clark fight away parents girl loves start dark path appreciated clark conflict dealing fact arrival caused pain creators address young people created loneliness character felt drive reach teenagers loneliness echoed clark wanted parallel created father saw conducting experiment extreme wanted younger kent couple involved clark life help journey character created series considered outsider needed ensure notice strange precursor described roots superman mythology november family copyright infringement dispute arisen ownership fictional town claimed similarity according heirs copyright hold crew changes april seven seasons series announced leaving developers thanked cast crew work acknowledging stopped fighting saw vision reason departure provided replaced began writing series start second season executive producers seventh season february season confirmed swimmer new series place return ninth season continue july reported executive producer series march disclosed producer filed lawsuit charging hollywood vertical integration cost millions dollars suit claimed failed maximize profits marketing production costs sold foreign markets value series compensation sought press release appointed executive producer tenth season filming series produced british_columbia production initially planned australia vancouver landscape city provided site kent farm doubled metropolis provided cheaper shooting location los_angeles time zone main street combination locations town doubled exterior high school mid american wanted filmmakers keeping idea usa interior season production team red yellow distributed large school painted adopted red yellow school colors students accustomed film crew shoot school session class dismissed crew stepped aside students equipment class kent farm working farm owned crew painted home yellow exterior shots filmed castle victoria interiors filmed shannon vancouver set dark angel pilot film came spider story told clark point view color schemes camera selection illustrate interprets environment safe home colors warm gentle earth tones camera movement gentle clark keeping secret danger lighting neutral camera mobile danger present lighting colder camera handheld allow extreme angles metropolis clean hard lined architecture blues reflective metals dominant scheme concept characters usually glass steel background white clinical blue background typically wears black grey cool tones blues clark represented red yellow blue similar traditional superman costume american red white blue season onward produced visual effects including view metropolis skyline music worked producer create score snow composed music watched picture performance reviewed initial recordings sent music producers sent needed individual episodes soundtrack comprising songs looked songs soundtrack choices discussed producers decided songs wanted secured rights snow said initially odd combine types music typical action adventure television producers like contrast modern songs traditional orchestral approach score main theme composed snow composed opening themes shows including files series opening music save snow composed closing credits music intended theme seasons closing credits music potential theme series save selected heroic face snow told season closing credits needed new music evolved existing music longer suitable created new toned score melodic sound snow reworked music previous superman films musical score sequence opening credits superman season featured guest appearance times season finale save money snow recorded version williams score original version required team pay williams orchestra interview snow said returning citing joint workload return ghost work snow said music changed series agreed maintaining heroic concept mythology progressing specific changes worked closely snow beginning sole composer season seven said began composing shift thematic development score paralleling characters growth clark grew emotionally complex found need comment musically growth drew closer superman persona obvious superman theme required creative team number opportunities try different music enhance episode storyline chose coordinated music snow scores season producer wondered band provide music entire episode breakfast meeting music department suggested immediately saw opportunity connect episode featured band story revolved sleep season wanted use cover inch nails song hurt final scene shattered looks way mirror soon read episode script cash died trying obtain rights song heirs believing song use episode honor memory gave rights season resurrection songs chosen symbolism characters resurrection scene symbolize question going figure people think wanted use immortal episode final scene telling wade reed saw song mothers scene clark tells martha childhood memory mother season velocity provided music editors opportunity use hip hop rarely series episode similar fast furious focused pete wade reed heard british hip hop artist person united_states secure rights album directs episodes scenes particular songs mind vortex season place final scene season finale exodus directed scene shows kent barn wedding weapon lyrics speak angel devil timed specific shots song lyrics broadcasting premiered tuesday october seasons series aired moving tuesday wednesday eventually thursday start sixth season announced upn merge network reported series continue lineup seventh season series aired canada day earlier united_states announced ninth season friday considered death slot television programs end tenth season longest running science fiction united_states breaking record held stargate syndication rights available tnt began airing episodes october reception set record highest rated series debut million viewers tuned pilot premiere set record adults aged finished viewers aged president series network tuesday night lineup appeared cover entertainment_weekly new shows watch season series sixth best list broadcast programs acknowledging early concerns villain week series said season introduce smaller mini arcs episodes serialized according succeeding season relied season long story arcs occasional villain week story necessary villain week stories harshly criticized fans superman mythology wanted general audience teenagers preferred villain week stories episodes focusing superman mythology star superman films expressed approval little bit skeptical heard writing acting special effects remarkable big stunt scene taken week film pretty impressive able computers effects technology today weekly gives lot production value thought going heard series think good job following mythology tom good job following tradition according mtv better representation original material remained true heart story showing clark struggle desires obligations wrote series difficult time addressing including recognized clark suit guide called best examples superhero adaptation television metro wrote story need told bothered follow tedious years spent manufacturing batman endure decade shirt wearing hay nielsen rankings table season rankings based average total estimated viewers episode follows rank series ratings compared prime time series accolades seasons won awards ranging teen choice awards series won emmy outstanding sound editing series pilot episode years later received emmy outstanding sound editing series fifth season episode arrival won outstanding sound editing series emmy season seven received number artist won best work fourth season episode scare sixth season leo awards won dramatic series work fourth season episode spirit won best production design dramatic series sacred sixth season won best dramatic series leo won best direction won best costume design work arrow won best production design justice won best dramatic series visual effects team recognized work pilot best visual effects leo received awards outstanding televised program commercial second season accelerate outstanding painting televised program commercial authors publishers honored composer provided opening song save contributions series award given individuals wrote theme highest rated television series network awarded sixth season arrow giving award following year work noir series regulars won awards won saturn award best supporting actor won teen choice award choice breakout star male won teen choice best sidekick award received award media generated media young adult novels comic books internet based mini episodes characters series influenced british series literature series novels published second season series young adult novels published october march second series young adult novels published october april comic book series tied series published young adult novels novels published october aspect aspect novel written clark friends trying uncover truth religious con men set shop use spiritual rob townspeople published arrival series pilot second novel evil series writers follows young actress wants attend dawn invisible wants revenge people talking stopped clark evil original storylines season november aspect published dragon convict assumes abilities appearance dragon exposed cave drives try kill testified novel clark believing normal teenager special abilities month publication grant novel bennett wrote flight young girl clark discovers wings friends believe abused father teach overcome fear flying find mother flight like evil planned episode crew uncertain flying effects right idea scrapped wrote novel aspect series published january follows clark friends investigate presence house published david animal rights activist change animal touches heather uses ability harm people hurt animals clark discovers stops aspect published clark pete investigate murder boy sister tries decide ransom kidnapped father try rescuing published books april june speed written second written speed boy uses father gave birthday stop time commit hate crimes caught clark stops local festival fall love mind reading substitute spanish teacher friendship september aspect published shadows girl father father creates monsters assumes deaths related creating tension son clark discovers truth prove innocence stopping creatures kill returned write runaway clark runs away city lives homeless teenagers falls love girls returning home silence characters investigate zombies town published eighth book greed bennett clark friends summer jobs camp youths boy falls develops ability future tries exploit pete tries exploit clark abilities playing basketball game betting outcome returned write curse year old curse clark attempts things right february little brown young readers published clark uses red attempt impress french exchange student aspect published final novel march written city follows clark trip metropolis city caught japanese mafia secret agent thinks found alien final novel sparks hit sparks fireworks display sparks desire man wear admirer kidnaps rescued clark comic books venture comics story appeared guide series season set period start season published comic based series entitled comic stories abused boy thanks tries revenge family wrote exile kingdom insight remains father offers position metropolis end season began publishing comic stories characters writer script coordinator called comic book line companion series non canonical version according carpenter comic book line expands events series season ending gives additional depth characters limited screen time series storylines needed additional explanation carpenter person asked oversee comic wrote comic originally intended charge series commitment series kept working comic books asked carpenter comic book series intended expand series occasional continuity overlap differences production schedule comic series instance comic book showed clark season premiere showed multiple comic book series tied series related cast crew interviews information episodes production comic book series ended january comics published season series debut note title volumes listed start season february reported season comic book published series released digitally collected issue print edition month digital issue released april print issue published comic book written executive story editor set months attack clark longer fights crime superman clark generally accepted public distrust including despite memory loss encounter guide reported detective new series adventures paralleling series comic series second arc published digitally title week beginning january new arc feature team recurring character batman cancelled series nineteen issues end story arc rest season story continuing miniseries season banner march ended story arc continuity serves finale television franchise main series note title volumes listed start season interlude series note title volumes listed start season specials chronicles character starred promotional tie series chronicles volumes totaled mini episodes volume investigated events leading death held friends hostage plant season episode aired april aol subscribers volume received positive responses viewers second volume created continuation volume comic books secondary tie series viewers watch chronicles finish comic book provide enhanced backstory online segments later series fifth season episode vengeance series joins calls angel vengeance expose level experiments infected people idea online originated ran website charge dvds series intended wrap unfinished business television chronicles began aol way united_kingdom channel website according senior vice president television goal create companion programming offers new exciting ways engage audience music videos record promotion described mysterious think bit like files chronicles like detective story following clues interviewing people going spot spot things scripts written given script approval series allowing review changes script communicated expand stories chronicles promotional tie ins season premiere producers teamed enable registered users view plot updates press releases games related product placement legends oliver queen chronicles episode cgi series early life released promotional tie sprint according executive vice president worldwide marketing promotional tie ins got fans connected april tie toyota promoting featured online comic strip program new episodes interactive comic based justice episode follows initial members seek destroy secret experimental online series allowed viewers investigate fictional team win prizes wrote episodes working team artists illustrations received plot comic episode production crew filming current television episode artist drew comic book panels sent consulting group reviewed drawings telling scott images draw separate allowed objects moved frame joined manufacturers stride viewers opportunity create digital comic visions writers producers developed comic beginning end allowing viewers provide middle began tie campaign march episode hero pete develops infused stride website viewers voted options adding pages comic tuesday thursday campaign ended april season seven worked sprint bringing customers entitled legends chronicles clark cousin spin offs developed pilot work progressed season episode episode intended pilot spin character seen having potential series considered role new series consider spin said november series going different version legend suggested crossover point pilot given good chance picked upn merged new network passed sixth season talk spinning series refused talk possibility spin role actor felt duty respect accomplished seasons steal spotlight talk spin appearances according talking far spin idea got home video seasons released dvd region seasons released obsolete dvd format november september respectively seasons seven released blu ray dvd releases include deleted scenes scenes commentary cast crew members selected episodes promotional tie ins chronicles accompanied season box sets special features include interactive functionality tour comic book dvd rom material merchandise began airing variety merchandise connected series produced soundtrack albums songs released february group artists licensed music issued group artists released november addition soundtracks action figures shirts hats posters produced december merchandise listed auction proceeds going charity began publishing monthly magazine cast crew interviews information merchandise photos 34th final issue published november published companion volumes season cast crew interviews episode descriptions scenes photos september company published companion series written book sixteen pages color photos cast march published season companion written simpson details series special effects published season companion september written simpson described episodes plots discussing neglect character failure storyline released fourth season companion wrote subsequent companion books september contains interviews cast crew color photos production published season companion december season companion introduction published march season seven companion foreword reflection phenomenon discussion departure released series season setting includes rules earlier seasons produced players play characters create spin series ultimate soundtrack box set songs series seasons released profits christopher | Smallville | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
7957_LionelLuthor | fictional character portrayed television series character initially recurring guest season series regular season continued written season seven character returned season recurring guest role version character father founder ceo father introduced superman comics appeared superman related media different names appearance character intricate superman adaptation series developers created provide style story nemesis develops multiple schemes uncover clark secrets ally eventually dies protect clark secret son strained relationship regularly tries test attempts develop romantic relationship following death helping advance united_states senate development main antagonist ally difficult writers felt character arc failed achieve status wanted continued story arc returned deception protect clark exploit characterized sinister character tried hard ambitions relationship son likened comics role visits buy company immediately shower occurs years later season son run local plant test makes profit time years closes plant blames poor managerial skills later confronts son mansion tries employee save plant strong winds force debris smash mansion pinned fallen support beam save father season saves loses sight judgment rush surgery season half shows blind illegitimate son plan uncover deception revealed blind eyes healed intentionally neglected tell watch acted season second half shows aware caves tries unlock mysterious symbols dismay season revealed murder parents use insurance money fund start committed mental institution son discovers discovers truth evidence assist arrested parents murder season revealed angry blames son death youngest son took blame protect true killer mentally wife mother learns terminal liver disease awaiting sentenced prison parents murder season attempts switch bodies stone clark clark switches bodies clark instead clark switch discovers terminal liver disease healed released prison begins searching stones knowledge quest falls state uploaded knowledge recovers state season artificial intelligence takes body speak clark guiding begins helping clark making clark behavior unexplained seasons season seven revealed wealthy families formed secret society called protect alien visitor known traveler clark secret uncovered murders father realizing covering traveler existence season reveals illegitimate daughter season features parallel universe version character found adopted clark counterpart adopted son raised killer favoring clark counterpart son reality clark visits world unintentionally allows alternate follow posing tries attempts twice bring lucas hybrid clone clark develops clark powers fails assumes control loses company daughter proves approached evil alien entity series finale discovers clones create perfect composite clone compatible heart found clones tries heart shoots escapes soul giving heart restore afterward possesses corpse attack clark clark destroy body threat posed portrayal created specifically provide parallel experiment extreme character created father previously depicted media portrayed program said clear canvas work developing portrayal season traveled new_york vancouver week filming scenes committed stage appearances new_york time portraying character struggle terminal liver disease inspired friend battle cancer said friend cheerleader people supported boosted feeling bad friend learned cancer fought hard learned terminal went bed stopped eating died days later helped understand powerful life commit suicide prepares learns illness terminal character development storyline progression season moves recurring figure regular character season features gradual unveiling increasing involvement characters begins direct involvement hires assistant indirectly caves tries unlock mystery symbols cave walls season villain tries discover clark secret drives breakdown allows use therapy knowledge opting kill parents life insurance creative team experimented character season creating storyline reformed executive producer said character development failed result returned normal self found playing straight arrow boring season explores relationship martha said slightly attracted martha act feeling producers intentions create romantic relationship characters motivations season mystery said determine character good bad portraying season tried present good said believes actions mercy past behavior character end fifth season learned people responsibility writer executive producer said creative team wanted remind audience come know delayed revealing usual antics season promise marrying wanted audience face reminder character marrying said trying protect clark needed help time season began airing realized starting villainous time limited hoped able influence son progressed believed character useless influencing abilities said conflict father positive attempt bond distrust makes drama characterization characterizes businessman disappointed son rich powerful businessman sees son cat important appear human possible said want simply described man needs wants characterizes intelligent man read people easily uses ability goals character past people defenses manipulate thinks type power great help character color scheme surrounds use cold blue tones helps evoke sinister nature character portrayed white clinical blue background signature hair symbolize power growing refusing style attempts powerful wants backlash relationships relationship son strained likened relationship norman spider man movie tried appear trying character way tests prove sees character rich powerful businessman disappointed son goal season attempts tougher interprets character motto raising risk rewards believes competing man follow father steps frustrating wants son loyal follower best person plays pretty huge ego believes related destroyed early views son weak bound fact heir trust distrust partially arises believes said meant foe poor boy weak mold continually trying strengthen son teach hard student key relationship adoptive mother relationship develops season hires martha assistant developed season felt attraction martha grows season dies sees martha single woman believes seeking attain martha goodness attraction based lust martha company tries present man consciously attempts change years selfish behavior writer said relationship martha parallels relationship men believe women saving grace pull dark said martha interest like watching dangerous animal attraction beautiful dangerous animal know stop watching time feel god going kill said believes martha motivation close know planning clark martha left writer said wanted character send achieved screen said equivalent gave storylines season finale fit writers realized kill character sent creating parallel clark martha fights injustice political stage said martha small attraction come believes martha influenced start believing sacrifice necessary world better place leaves end season longer influence constantly battling dark light sides personality according series writer audience know motivations balancing act said embodied threatens marrying later revealing protect clark describes screen relationship reason martha good chemistry said martha talking feels sharing conversation trust camera reception portrayal nominated saturn awards category television series came following upgrade series regular status second season reviewer said left terminal liver disease season dvd verdict said taking away primary characters screen time season producers killed end season tie ins novels makes appearance outside television series aspect book strange visitors title concerned confidence draw attention rocks ruin plans use rocks experiments life partner jeopardy threatens alert looking makes brief appearance dragon tells girlfriend close test unknown reasons version makes brief appearance second volume internet series chronicles threatens discovers involved deaths people comics television series comic book continuation written writer revealed tried recruit father secret society months prior wayne wife murder versions comics father brief appearances superman comics mentioned father appears superman story curse written superman creator story named criminal son changed family wife later killed car accident miniseries superman father immediately puts work making millions discovers son astronomical father dies fire caused accidentally experiment causes permanent hair loss different version history presented march abusive alcoholic single parent sister dies heart attack leaving care aunt causes leave later revealed caused father heart attack cash sizable life insurance policy use basis fortune night revived member appears reality tour general facility aliens film television web television series father appears season know enemy virtual reality watches grow abusive father father unnamed superman movie singer briefly mentions father father inspiration real estate schemes says father harsh man ejected family home | Lionel Luthor | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
8595_Reckoning(Smallville) | twelfth episode fifth season superhero television series episode overall series originally aired united_states january united_kingdom march episode written directed series follows adventures young town kansas superman episode clark reveals secret consequences learn results election life clark loves taken originally potential episode decided main characters killed concept positively received studio executives compared departure theme episode clark accept consequences decisions identity deceased secret script given fewer people network issuing promotional trailers featured possible deaths premiere earned nielsen household rating watched approximately million viewers united_states estimated viewers united_kingdom episode received generally positive reviews commentators felt death emotional pivotal faction fans unhappy choice preferring killed instead plot sits holding piece coal waiting arrive takes transported shock looks fortress clark expresses fear drifting away secret decides reveal powers clark uses coal diamond ring proposes marriage afterward clark reveals parents tell old decisions advice father initial doubt returns kent farm accept clark proposal holds election party supporters learn defeated race gets meets mansion seeing engagement ring realizes knows clark secret aggressively leaves follows attempt apologize distracted school bus hits car killed clark realizes life price stamp promised collect resurrected clark hidden provides crystal allow clark reset day warns universe find life exchange clark takes crystal sent moment appeared barn time clark decides reveal secret causes break upset clark goes metropolis tells including lived day proposal promises eye prevent accident election party arrives leaves calls time kisses learns break causes leave pursues time clark arrives time stop bus goes farm receiving mysterious party greeted knows clark secret shows picture causes begin punching anger dismisses walks yard breathing heavily martha clark drive catch ground taking final look family dies arms martha clark funeral clark close friends attend clark person grave site leaves picks handful dirt father grave production writing originally writers developed potential episode clark married clark parents die producers eventually chose kill parents producers debated idea characters dying realized resonance clark parents basic plot decided group writers flesh story story went development details arranged main story line developed supervising producers presented executive vice presidents executives enjoyed story senior executive called episode plot great noted cool writers explained title decided script finalized explained theme revolved idea idea expansion hidden clark resurrected biological father informed clark life loves exchanged future payment bringing clark plot episode clark god death requested executive producers beginning season according idea specifically chosen featured 100th episode explained reason chosen die going season year boy man point mentor father figure die order clark ultimately step embrace destiny happy way killed argued character exited like hero furthermore drew comparisons finding empowering death originally scene shot featuring clark bringing father dead body scene ultimately cut according sounded great paper felt like bit step episode later called scene rough script formulated sent additional notes drafts sent production studio network notes finally wrote episode script went drafts final version finished half weeks production began normally script episode different people including sets props wardrobe episode featured death production staff writers kept secret fact script episode printed red paper attempt filming director found shooting episode difficult father recently died noted left funeral vancouver direct episode emotions poignant filming artificial snow continuously sets cast crew kept costume set supervisor series jokingly called explained huge scenes fortress sure synthetic snow stick actors filming stated production staff wanted climactic scene death big event originally staff wanted car accident caused train able afford special effects pull scene sequence written feature bus crash noted unable afford bus wreck written little car wreck entire sequence death choreographed series stunt coordinator stunt double described scene important important lot people car crash different shots filmed driving car process trailer mounted camera separate shot filmed stunt double driving lead car attached dummy car driving road high speed bus driven perpendicular direction dummy car attached bus hit pull lead car timing crash practiced times rehearsals car smashed bus positioned ground effect actually car wreck broadcast reception originally aired united_states january network promoted episode videos snowy suggesting die episode earned nielsen rating meaning roughly percent television equipped households tuned episode viewed million viewers ranked seventy watched episode week episode second watched fifth season episode earlier entry seen million viewers aired march reached viewers making fourth watched program week received positive reviews commentators critics felt death emotional choice expressed preference died especially true fans angrily opined views fan sites guide wrote watch best hours season big fan gave episode largely positive review called great episode overall called scenes leading funeral moving noted loss blow emotional state series main characters audience mocked old moon pie eye situation fact didn die television pity gave episode noted death fanatic named episode second best episode coming ninth season entry absolute justice wrote death pivotal moments noted episode helped shape clark man chapter sacrifice salvation heroic survival amid changing television trends book called chronicles critical essays television series called episode noted presence clips funeral eighth season premiere odyssey helped subtly creatively reboot universe later life production staff happy finished result wrote episode tour force writing directing acting jokingly noted end episode audience shame called entry thrilling exciting noted departure series producer particularly proud final cut noting highlight season episode remarkable | Reckoning (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
11766_ClarkKent(Smallville) | fictional character television series character created comic books alternate identity superman adapted television fourth time character adapted live action television series played continually actors portraying clark child character appeared literature based series completely independent television episodes appeared eighteen young adult novels series attempts live life normal human struggles keeping secret alien heritage friends relationship seven seasons trials based lack honesty secret contrast previous incarnations character starts best friends meets saving life pair friendship eventually hatred clark powers appear time aware start instance heat vision super breath develop season respectively developing version producers decided strip bare essence superman allows audience humanity good core series seen critics intentionally portrayed filmmakers symbolic representation jesus christ nominated multiple teen choice saturn awards portrayal season role appears pilot episode teen abilities uses help clark adopted infant crash lands earth day shower years later trying find place life told alien adoptive father clark saves life son pair quick friends season clark struggles burden keeping powers secret close particular afraid open fear accept learned supernatural abilities season episode clark learns heritage including native language birth birth father stamp plan rule world fearful able control destiny clark runs away metropolis season finale leaving started develop romantic relationship season premiere months later clark brought home agreed allow clark time future season finale girl calling arrives kent farm claims clark friends destined leave clark decides leave good attempts intervene threatens kill save adoptive father life clark agrees decision leave season premiere clark returns seek stones knowledge fulfill destiny meets investigating supposed death cousin clark best friend clark help mother regains control mind consciously refuses look stones season finale great evil awakened space clark instructions fails obtain stones knowledge new shower hitting clark finds remaining stones transported arctic stones create season premiere clark training return fails return fortress sun sets stripped powers episode hidden clark begins honest relationship killed trying save town resident hopes kill clark warns loves eventually place clark worries sacrificed return saved episode killed unwilling accept clark turns time save result clark adoptive father sacrifice suffers fatal heart attack season finale clark battles artificial intelligence form man clark fights stop releasing criminal clark fails imprisoned escapes sets conquer earth season premiere clark escapes phantom zone inadvertently releasing prisoners process returns fights defeats phantom zone clark primary focus season deal romantic relationship engagement season episode promise season finale reveals phantom zone criminals genetic experiment created scientists attacks clark dna clark season seven premiere clark defeats season continues clark discovers secret society known aware landing shower possess device supposedly allows control season seven finale clark confronted fortress discovered clark secret possesses device uses resulting fortress collapsing clark season premiere revealed device allow control clark strips powers wandering globe russian clark eventually found rescued restoring powers season clark uses new job daily planet access advance information uses stop crime city subsequent episodes clark adopts red blue superhero moniker end season clark idea having kill new friend discovering davis actually genetically engineered creature created general kill clark destroy earth season finale clark finds way separate davis personality mile underground davis subsequently kills aaron clark decides human learned emotions caused trouble compassion davis led jimmy death vows dead start season reveals clark begun training shown wearing family crest chest superhero persona realizing earth lacking special powers led blue clark decides help adjust living humans shot killed clark uses blood bring life resulting regaining powers enables regain powers destroy world order turn new season clark begin romantic relationship assists heroic endeavors clark kisses season finale reveals truth afterward convinces leave earth new planet clark sacrifices life send portal far away earth season begins clark stuck informs great darkness coming earth clark resurrected aware informs clark ready earth true inner demons clark overcome episode homecoming clark visited shows clark past shaped present day shape future including vision clark future self fully embraced destiny episode isis clark reveals secret find knew followed later episode clark proposing clark realizes order hero world needs step shadows light result clark makes decision turn real disguise opting wear alter mannerisms shy reserved hide face world series finale darkness revealed arrives earth humanity clark realizes entire life big trial accepting true destiny saves earth coming series ends moving seven years future clark finally getting married clark embraced new identity superman series clark gains new abilities including ray vision season heat vision season super hearing season clark unofficially flew season premiere biological father regaining memory forgot use ability season clark gained super breath series finale clark learns fly clark discovers new series progresses including green rocks learns weaken potentially kill forms appeared continued different effect red removed clark black separated clark personality human self creating distinct physical forms blue stripped supernatural abilities long contact subsequent seasons revealed clark vulnerable alien weapons magic portrayal october producers began search lead roles casting directors different cities looking actors months scouting cast runner role play season regular actors portrayed clark young boy teenager portrayed year old clark pilot season episode lineage played young clark season episode vengeance season episode abyss fill role addition alternate reality seventh season episode apocalypse portrayed pilot director looking pictures actors image asked casting director said manager want role hurt feature film career conversation manager got read script pilot convinced initial fears reading script realized clark super hero character attempting live normal life teenager auditioned role sure prepare waiting turn realized character thing high school kid simply acting like normal teenager instead like super hero perfect way character realized special effects production elements fill holes perfect character screen auditions read graveyard scene actor cast network thought great chemistry generally unfamiliar superman mythology episode aired television featured clark learning heritage immediately turned according wanted learn clark heritage simultaneously clark learning believed important learn character help envisioned actor believed lack knowledge superman mythology helped performance set series previous mythology important enjoyed clark knowing future character fact superman landed role sent superman related gifts including books toys planned leave adamant beginning sign play superman intention wearing costume filming allowed input character responded certain situations including moving scene rooms requesting director film particular mannerisms emphasize specific emotion character development storyline progression early series clark learning handle life learning control powers find best solution main priority fit friends school average guy initially clark biggest problem fact share secret cared according lot responsibility hasn able choose abilities responsibility thrust deal got times goes home thinks wishes away normal character dilemma makes interesting play noted clark saving day powers reasoned end season clark decided leaving going save lot pain long run described clark finally gave end season fight join choosing lesser think combination things probably sum lot times life point fight anymore better bed work sense clark try face causing pain pain maybe reasoned causing little bit pain save lot pain long run significant moment character story came clark decided play football season providing conflict father writer refers moment season clark joins team moment finally decided trust clark hurt writer viewed clark finally emerging father shadow significant moments came following season clark lost powers failed return finish training leaving human vulnerable according clark learned little bit like human physically emotionally pretty close trying understand added weight abilities got realize responsibilities second moment came 100th episode death clark adoptive father decision kill clark finally step destiny allowing clark boy clark man explained order needed mentor die world longer saw series 100th episode chance character evolve grow saw catalyst clark evolution according death inspired clark eventual destiny provided example sacrifice leaves void clark fill void clark superman contention man time came world needed superman clark unable persona realize world needed writer noted introduction allowed clark mature sixth season clark able achieved goals alternative routes crossed moral lines taught clark start thinking things opponents perspectives ultimately season clark learned human allowed hero needed summed writer soon man steel season clark gained insight abilities villains crime later seasons clark saw abilities good questionable actions specifically clark help high road episodes reiterated effect clark parents abilities clark learned chose join oliver team end episode justice season showed clark struggling accept destiny steps day cape superman characterization idea came version strip bare essence discovering reasons clark superman clark explains thing tried portray clark doesn right decisions making right decisions brings consequences running away end season choosing humanity sort mission decisions trouble cause people suffer case die agreed opinion clark stating mistakes clark showed humanity clark wrong choices season helped illustrate concept clark good core episode showed protective person annoyed case trying warn man believed concept echoed noted clark despite flaws fellow actors insights character saw clark spirit sad lonely endearing classified clark special needs child like comic book counterpart symbolic representation jesus christ established early pilot episode contained moment clark post high school noted christ like imagery scene stating wonder clark gets tied superman sent save judge identified symbolism superman way secular pop culture stand jesus christ figure generation series makes theme explicit pilot episode clark symbolically striking bit symbolism central series clark sacrifices greater good humanity shows comes accept embrace role extended end season clark sacrificed life finale order send general rest world clark fell building pose driving home point sacrificing good planet point cinefantastique suggested images emphasis dialogue exchanges came heavy handed devout individual found offensive addition religious allusions crew color schemes camera movements create themes characters told clark point view particular visual elements utilized illustrate particular characteristic safe home colors illustrate environment warm gentle earth tone camera movement gentle clark keeping secret danger lighting neutral greater camera movement danger lighting colder blues camera shifted handheld allowing extreme angles relationships clark relationships characters evolved course clark relationship symbolic shared yang type relationship pilot clark saved drowning car accident end episode saved clark relationship tested lack honesty like seasons said clark characters wanted completely honest knew friendship relationship central relationships clark met cemetery clark realized found understood talk strong way liked clark felt close fear kick life learned secret came shower killed parents strong close wished lack honesty caused issues judge wondered room heart later life bounced forth season boyfriend gone season door opened clark stated understood producers continued clark apart whitney departure cliché television shows main lover interest fail briefly beginning fifth season clark upbringing help cope loss end season admits clark learned let choices stand way problem relationship dangerous individual safety jeopardy apart clark learned walk lonely road hero inability cope moving carried season season time writers clark emotional accept marriage proposal writer presented clark worst fear woman loved marrying worst enemy apart clark growing relationship season saw melting ice characters continued butt heads executive producer believed audience finally start growing attraction fact time need believed season self imposed walls laughed notion romantic interest clark notion true season described relationship clark character wanted official label instead believed point series clark satisfied identifying brother sister friendship label trying discover truly feels season noted starting accept idea love clark life relationship included guide list best couples time costume series clark wear sort costume superhero persona seasons clark typically dressed red yellow blue traditional colors superman costume american colors red white blue included primary usage blue shirt underneath red jacket red shirt worn blue jacket season producers decided design actual costume clark wear patrolling streets metropolis abandoning theme red blue yellow producers chose costume completely black save silver superman shield painted instead traditional cape clark red jacket traded black drew comparison character neo matrix film series compared black suit superman wore resurrected following death hands comic books season premiere audience got glimpse traditional superman costume left clark martha season finale suit briefly seen reflection clark eyes season finale suit appeared season premiere different design producers working alongside costume worn team chose suit 1980s offered suit worn explained didn fit world according producer process group effort worked lot stuff studio instrumental took bit costume lot sign offs working happen stated costume plays prominent role final season scene ending clark wearing clark began wearing new costume season episode shield clark replaced black red leather jacket shield chest jacket reception nominated saturn award best actor television series portrayal following nominated consecutive years saturn award best actor television series year nominated saturn award won teen choice award choice breakout star male won teen choice award like nominated television consecutive years win nominated receive nomination choice male series nominated teen choice awards beautiful couple star teen choice awards received award included guide list dvd verdict believes perfect choice imagine ideal actor play farm boy honest face heroic good looks resembles physically earnest charm superman free lance star ron likened performances performances superman films stating manages portray sweet teenager showing clark struggle truth wrote physical resemblance noting actor gave character depth convincing portrayal clark longing fit comparing superman found intriguing character explained inner turmoil clark able tell loved secret fact matter faults continued remaining pure good explained allowed audience intimate character lacking film version according associated_press popularity fans wishing role received media appearances young adult novels appeared series young adult novels published aspect publishing consisting novels began october ended march second series published beginning october total young adult novels published april aspect novel written clark attempted stop religious con men town enhanced spiritual little novel arrival chronicled events pilot written author second book evil published october written written episodes featured clark trying stop young actress hurting people speak badly power turn invisible november aspect published book dragon clark believing normal human teenager abilities little flight featured clark trying lend emotional support young girl sized wings aspect novel followed clark friends investigate presence haunted houses followed clark tries stop animal rights activist tries hurt people animals aspect brought novel involved clark pete investigating murder boy sister little published books april june speed clark fighting hate crimes second followed clark fell love mind reading substitute spanish teacher novel clark friendship jeopardy competed teacher love september aspect published shadows clark stop girl scientist father created monster killing people runaway featured clark leaving living streets metropolis homeless teenagers clark fell love girls eventually returning home silence clark friends investigating appearance zombies followed clark friends took jobs summer youths pete tried abuse clark abilities playing basketball game betting outcome returned second outing write curse grave year old curse clark attempt way clark red try impress new french foreign exchange student aspect released final novel march written city chronicled clark trip metropolis city pair got caught japanese mafia secret agent believed found alien final novel written sparks featured clark trying save exposed fireworks display makes desire man men desire wears decides want kidnaps comic books series continued season comic book available digital print formats friday weeks row stories follow primary story arcs released online referred episodes following week preceding episodes released print comic parallel main story arc story arcs featuring characters future released online fourth friday collected printed special editions separate main story written wrote television series comic took story characters months saved earth clark longer fights crime alias dubbed superman masses season clark continued battles lost memory new characters introduced commander participant project issue clark confronted clark inadvertently implied knew amnesia superman batman met battled declared truce began working eventually friends clark reunited seeking clark aid battling ended killing ensuing battle point clark inadvertently traveled 31st century found caught war led army defeated form alliance future clark met child named causing clark suspect descendant giving hope alive meeting teamed defeat clark superman chose reveal president infected individual public believed planet later clark attempted rally heroes world stand monitors merchandise released action figures characters set action figures released october modeled clark appearance season second series released designed clark appearance season episode justice | Clark Kent (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
14557_LexLuthor(Smallville) | fictional character television series series regular pilot episode season seven finale played continuously actors portraying character child series character created comic books nemesis superman adapted television time character adapted live action television series character appeared literature based television series directly continues television episodes series sent father run local plant driving car bridge saved quickly develops new friendship farm boy series curiosity clark things connected clark ultimately destroys friendship relationship father tension filled start eventually comes end murders father effort discover clark secret incarnation character introduced morally ambiguous character walks fine line good evil person curiosity drives attain power possible series progresses ultimately lead clark greatest enemy nominated won saturn award teen choice award portrayal seven seasons series regular left reprised role hour series finale role introduced pilot son sent father run local plant child caught shower renders completely bald years later young adult meets saving life drowning quickly friends tries good guy early seasons motives usually driven curiosity unexplained like day clark rescued drowning course seven seasons beginning pilot episode day clark rescued drowning trying uncover secrets clark keeps season hires reporter tabloid newspaper discover survived automobile accident clark saved drowning evidence points clark having hit car refuses believe happened nixon attempts expose clark time help hamilton hamilton commissioned study effects rocks hamilton finds octagonal disc unknown symbols disc surface match clark ship searching traces alien ship landed disc eventually stolen nixon attempt open clark ship season curiosity symbols continues kills nixon reporter kill protecting clark nixon clark discovers construction site curator caves preserve notices symbols cave walls match symbols disc octagonal shape wall cave fit disc perfectly interest grows finds clark constantly caves later piece paper appears indicate clark language cave walls clark denies able read language company eventually loses caves father developed interest caves octagonal disc met courted helen try kill honeymoon season revealed endured harsh father blames younger brother death took blame protect true killer mentally mother curiosity symbols clark leads gives clark key room mansion collecting information clark family clark informs friendship season replaces father ceo turns attention turns finding ancient stones contain symbols cave disc fails find stones suspects clark stones find treasure knowledge supposed led having confrontations time lifestyle women leaving day catch previously slept attempts kill season obsessed clark secret breaks criminals sends hold people close clark hostage scheme amounts clark cuts life completely finding curiosity symbols believes alien nature results arranging possessed spirit criminal season married pregnant child learning truth faked death attempted pin murder season seven displayed descent darkness brother like relationship new editor newest editor revealed grant actually clone late brother buys daily planet grant attempts controlling brother clone murdered staged failed discovers previous symbols connected secret organization father members learned alien visitor known traveler arrive shower time realizes covering traveler existence subsequently kills father eventually discovers members knew means control traveler sets find device device finds mantle fireplace mansion leads fortress confronted clark having finally discovered clark secret uses bring fortress clark season missing charge hand picked successor wants found revealed nerve wanting revenge uses bomb stolen enhanced suit designed absorb radiation absorb radiation activate bomb subsequently able near clark fatal effects discovers location uses bomb blow travelling medical transport seemingly killing season revealed manufactured number clones attempt use heal majority clones flawed age accelerated rate clone gray aged approximately years older original attempted revenge clark trying kill died finish hour series finale reveals parts clones create composite lacked heart alternate reality version father sacrifices speaks clark telling friend accepts destiny enemies fulfill roles clark defeats inspiring humanity later meets fatally stabs sister specialized removes memories series ends shifting seven years future elected president united_states portrayal crafting version series developers decided precursor comedic role performed superman film series pair wanted vulnerable role difficult cast involved casting agree liked role wanted cast comedian series belief want loved time auditioned twice feeling audition seriously outlined half page scene indicating places funny charismatic menacing audition went agreed guy got auditioned role play garner scientist experiments clark multiple episodes spanning season actor portray actors performed role portrayed child episodes series opportunities gets evil seconds earlier seasons specifically delighted chance overboard like character pulls machine gun shoots sight actor gave audience glimpse portray signature bald head regular head head shaved day undergo hours treatments head color combinations natural film seven seasons portraying decided acting career departed february reported forth speculation return series actor finally agreed appear series finale expressed return final episode fans stating appreciate passion threats character development storyline progression believed trying hero season character showed signs having fight ambiguity stay straight path tension filled relationship father established pilot episode comes crossing season finale left decision help father remove structural beam fallen let die wanted audience contemplating life like longer explained scene season deeper darker moments time save father life feels unfair treatment moments play season finally explained mysterious circumstances surrounding death infant brother julian explains known story season character mentioned stray wanted find right time explain situation creative team wanted audience think responsible julian death infant finally revealing merely covering mother season began expanding series long story arc feelings seeds planted second episode season season began true feelings according trying protect boyfriend stones knowledge trying jason picture completely writer questioned motives earlier seasons ask words want girl buying coffee house begin writer described season time came removed gloves friendship clark needed worry dark began face season saw hunger power begin develop campaigned kansas senate seat events drove continue pursuit ultimate power shot gets chance live life married longer quest power alternate reality power money originally unable save dies giving birth second child decided prize characterization key characteristics curiosity unexplained primary motive actions derives curiosity specifically beginning moment clark meet hits clark clark appearing strange happens fuel curiosity believes sees options nice ride metropolis work dad find going strong strange fellow characteristic developed course series believes audience sees dark early seasons merely taste character truly capable season premiere vortex requested shoot close shoots nixon effort open window darker intended leave interpretation enjoyed killing nixon open audience explains thoughts horrified appalled liked felt good according reaches point uses mind point world needs hide television reviewer felt struggle good evil inside anti hero given audience familiar mythology knowledge end superman greatest enemy tragic figure taking page tale ignored script final scene season finale informing going leave walks closes door exit trying moment audience actor wanted audience wonder going moment meant unpredictable seasons progressed character began grow darker sinister sought opportunities bring humor scene physical like little key moments self humor instance popular audiences season episode justice joke wanting producers concerned piece dialogue convinced pull makes credible person known wanted hair moment reflects earlier episode reveals feelings comparing clark season provides window thoughts place writer describes audience gets moment shows feels like outsider views clark perfect person believes clark sees driven desire attain clark like family girlfriend develops power hunger expanding season believes political motivations based lust power echoes opinion believing character believes satisfy hunger going president united_states trying majority people like believe visually character characteristics usually given glass steel colored background dressed lot black grey cool tones like blues relationships realizes friendship clark destined fail clark friendship truly important early series actor believes clark darkness constantly fighting understand actions expressed choice explore friendship clark sworn enemies past depth helped creek like held inside loss parents tried fill men life attempts fill void loss mother women life according writer needs wants loved agrees feels searching love actor feeling relate fails achieve women develops relationships father agree person love mother died child scenes try hint idea martha wants provide love recognizes needs wants provide failed relationships finally believes wants begins romantic relationship hypnotic effort stop hurting emotionally clark told longer loved drives arms writer explains happened series hinted seasons admits crush years contends tried help clark win early succeeded clark relationship clark waiting believes tired boy wanted man contrast swimmer believes started dating way making clark mad relationship turned contends went knows love believes relationship men life originally motivated desire fill void life left parents killed need fill fulfilled void took drug induce death parents meeting parents believes realized longer needed fill hole sees filled void reason feels chosen different path events able truly love describes views beautiful charming girl little allows believe trust true love knows love clark love believe gives writer finds parallels relationship relationship martha men believe women saving grace pull dark defense contends effort hurt clark love actor believes problem lies fact time loved opened hurt betrayed loves bring open completely fear repeating past believes eventual dissolution marriage tragic moment characters lives moment history opening women having hurt women life difficult time maintaining healthy relationship father characterizes relationship form war assessment merely testing life going pushed pushed afraid reach point knows longer able come vortex realizes forgot moment father trapped column felt guilty situation according realized letting father die traveling dark path father evil continues live father shadow time progresses learns monster truly breaking point comes learns father killed grandparents fire sees ultimate ethical dilemma parents learning child murdered having decide authorities longer father abuse decides turn fbi according decision justified sees monster actions therapy memories killing parents way treated mother reception nominated multiple times saturn award category television series performance nomination came year won award year genre face future award alongside star followed consecutive nominations nominated teen choice awards nominated teen choice awards choice villain media appearances young adult novels makes appearance outside television series novel published aspect couple con artists arrive promoting miracle created rocks interested believes plans hinder research rocks con realized uses dummy corporation steal rocks collected dragon throws party mansion local teenagers ultimately crashed creature created rocks visited old flame shows looking relationship quickly discovers motive fund drug deal prompts realize sent father test comic books series continued comic book medium season written wrote television series issue details changing memory loss series finale death ruled suicide sells ownership rights begins question reading newspaper immediately distrust superman reveals world addition remnants memories left continue hatred superhero knowledge superman secret identity leads proposal general create joint venture pentagon company project involves monitoring world population second issue takes steps regain lost memories having assistant research eventually discovers caused brain operate higher percentage normal increasing overall intelligence addition discovers erased memories enhanced intelligence caused mentally bond consciousness poisoned clark oliver eventually discover happened extracts consciousness uploaded computer clone new body revealed friends secret identity batman childhood lost touch murder bruce parents years later bruce secretly aware corrupt | Lex Luthor (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
15235_ChloeSullivan | sullivan fictional character television series based superman comics published portrayed series regular character created exclusively series developers main character main character duration signed episodes tenth final season character appeared literature based internet series later adapted original superman comics inspired best friend editor high school newspaper torch notices rocks citizens generally teams clark tracking stopping infected people citizens seasons love clark eventually accepts place best friend later seasons discovers rock power apparently loses encounter alien terms romantic storylines superman supporting character introduced boyfriend later husband pair later divorce final seasons finds romance known archer eventually marries son characterized independent intelligent curious writers actress portrays characteristics cause trouble friends local son primary antagonists recognized multiple award nominations wins portrayal role introduced series pilot spends season helping best friend stop citizens developed special abilities genetic caused rocks fell committing crimes established editor school newspaper torch start season curiosity wanting expose know truth causes tension friends especially digging clark past season episode lineage early seasons hides fact love clark feeling confesses true feelings clark season fever sick calls feelings clark way better judgment trust season finale witnessing sharing kiss barn agrees uncover information clark exchange job daily planet clark patch relationship season episode clark discovers helping stops investigation fired fires father job season decides assist son getting arrested murder grandparents hope control season finale place father safe house trial unfortunately safe house explodes father enter presumed dead cousin comes investigate death fourth season premiere season gone clark team discover security team found explosives safe house pulled father safety detonated hiding testimony episode convicted murder sentenced life imprisonment season episode discovers clark secret clark girlfriend decides needs exposed world order feel comfortable hopes write story exposing clark decides clark kept secret reason decides write story finally reveals clark season premiere known secret wanted comfortable tell time clark reveals infected rocks initially suspected fact alien sent earth baby shower season earns dream job daily planet starting basement season episode justice begins assisting team freak discovers infected unknown ability begins worry time bomb heading insanity later discovers mother infected season finale learns special power lets heal wound reverse death save season seven descent attempts information traveler secret unaware traveler clark fires job daily planet sleeper falls state having attacked artificial intelligence known takes free clinic individuals infected rocks seventh season finale attacked healing powers prevent returns home aaron boyfriend season proposes marriage answer appears arrests government database start season revealed arrested security personnel agents subjected tests discovers altercation apparently caused lose related powers new abilities vast super intelligence returning loves jimmy finds attracted episode abyss causes lose memories clark takes biological father memories marries jimmy bride kidnapped genetically engineered killing machine bent destroying earth vessel attempts drain world human knowledge stopped removed body legion future legion assumes time feels life needs meaning discovers davis eternal attempts assist davis suicide fails stays order control episode beast davis leave town reasons protect clark season finale uses black separate davis clark beneath metropolis davis discovers love jimmy stabs jimmy attempts kill jimmy metal rod die vows jimmy gave wedding gift open hope lost heroes oliver team find way home start ninth season oliver money transforms information fortress superhero headquarters capacity rival computer expert status superhero information broker makes target bosses lord course season grows romantically close oliver season oliver kidnapped leader risks putting helmet doctor fate learn location information acquired fate helmet switch oliver flag captivity suicide goes grid returns reveals helping rest heroes hiding having suicide squad helping afterward resumes relationships protagonists episode fortune decides return journalism following marriage series finale mother young boy remains touch clark portrayal introduced creators lane outsider series developers felt needed order character notices strange original creation having produced unlike main characters began developing series intended ethnic background learning casting director idea auditioning role chose instead audition role felt rare ability deliver large sic dialogue decided cast initial intention character ethnic origin according reason got role went second audition attitude auditioned role eventually star television series mars aside portrayed child season episode taking role eighth season episode abyss enjoys fact character created specifically feels like worry compared role people comparing performance portrayal superman film series 1970s 1980s signed episodes tenth final season character development storyline progression disappointed character lost backbone second season second season exploring heart idea teenager describes little little bit season believe end season manages integrity actress likes sure character kept smart ambitious end season causes stuck control agrees uncover clark secrets clark honest newly established relationship season wanted character given major obstacle overcome help character mature obstacle question control deal spy clark believes comfort zone working torch complete control control animal ruins lives mother son season truth exposing mother fugitive law forced look deeper self believes event turning point maturity moment realizes needs line cross revealed clark season premiere knows secret character larger storyline knowing clark secret allowed finally come terms feelings clark recognize relationship acceptance place clark life provides means meaningful friendship concerns love according learned evolve love clark genuine actress having infected community season allowed character continue evolve views transition means character emotionally connected people infected spent seasons trying expose public infected gives motivation try understand allows grow closer clark better understand feels like live world special ability writer believes addition infected rocks bringing field provides lot ammunition growth development presence daily planet allows chance reflect discover things important career family friends competition provides beneficial gives chance bring best characterization characterizes season smart girl attitude goes describe intelligent independent defining characteristics need expose find truth situation character curious wants honest people trying sense situation curiosity key characteristic eventually leaves control offers uncover information reason betrayal based love clark explains blinded love clark mistakes makes love clark drives ambitious focused leading theory audiences eventually change clark wife comics embodies characteristics comic books creative team removed notion going turn clark future wife introduced season characters share similarities according different shades color softer version upbringing allows looks future season finale reveals ability heal describes newfound power similar actress defines power ability heal taking pain making writer contends giving power heal best choice character according sacrificed life greater good natural power reflect writer sense ability evil destructive season discovers super intelligence able solve complex faster powerful clark later newfound intelligence brought encounter infected attack relationships key relationships series protagonist believers theory initially suspected eventually clark future wife comics contends clark love way loves actress believe clark feelings change regardless clark feelings recognizes blinded love clark ultimately affects judgment seeing clark faults making choices place character danger season clark finally discovers knows secret revelation allows opportunity come terms feelings clark provided means meaningful friendship concerns love speaking evolving relationship believes season introduction life increased value clark drop clark priorities makes clark realize valuable introduction provides finally romantic relationship relationship strained lie cover clark secret keeping fact infected hidden writer questions jimmy taken place heart clark occupied long relationship mother tackled screen scenes session came idea mother left young age wanted character kid effort explain hours night feels real abandonment issues play fact feels like good abandonment issues meant provide reason character devastated fact clark love way loves reason female friends story arcs season involved finding mother mental institution living fear mental breakdown end psychiatric facility fear affects clark worries keeping secret negative effects like pete reception nominated number awards role nominated best supporting actress television program nominated seven consecutive times teen choice award choice teen sidekick won award media appearances apart appearances television appeared online spin series young adult novels monthly comic book given introduction official comics universe chronicles apart television series character appeared web based spin series titled chronicles continued duties investigative high school reporter series originally airing exclusively volume aired april web series eventually way britain channel_4 website chronicles created scripts written given final script approval final approval allowed review changes script saw fit communicated regularly find unique ways expand stories chronicles volume picking time events season begins checking rumors level facility plant starts investigating death employee takes research company known interviews reveals knows happened working disappears information volume contacted navy seal member group information disappearance begins sending videos lead discover working head involving rocks accompanies learn experimenting infected people order steal abilities exhibiting attempts kill pete hide kills lab pete leave lab come leading realize funding efforts volume titled features teaming angel vengeance season vengeance stop informs turned level facility research lab working infected individuals yang wants help expose experimentation infected young adult novels appearance literature aspect published strange visitors believing faith interested research rocks quickly realizes attending shows con artist causes devote time proving fall victim schemes dragon attempts solve murder teachers clark believe work recently released convict attending party injured attack crowd turned creature thanks exposure rocks comic books series continued comic book medium season written wrote television series issue reveals living working star city gazette remains friend ally heroes discover spacecraft earth atmosphere later revealing pilot counterpart parallel reality universe alternate sent cousin alternate version clark ally world warn clark coming crisis destroyed world dies oliver hospital asks steal components plans memory device oliver build upgrades find information remnants deceased counterpart memories inside left counterpart mind finds universe coming end caused attack led powerful witnesses death finds memories counterpart discovers killer guardians monitors taking leave absence oliver later return clark begins gather stand monitors point months pregnant monitors defeat gives birth baby boy oliver named clark late adoptive father versions appeared alongside television comic books featured tie ins chronicles character appear mainstream comics universe representatives writers initially hoped bring continuity according writer problem bringing mainstream comic book universe keeping television background filled roles girl home reporter roles filled adult comic book versions plan character new background hoped younger sister clark gone school daily planet believed different familiar readers watched distinguishing feature version know clark secret infected ideas came fruition appeared big week serialized story written beginning november stated introducing positive contribution universe continuity differences comic book superman stories chose stay true character honoring romantic history later seasons background early seasons decided introduce began clever female reporter interact realized writing | Chloe Sullivan | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
16553_Finale(Smallville) | finale finale title episode series finale superhero television series episodes 21st 22nd 10th season episodes overall finale originally aired united_states half written directed second half written directed series follows adventures young fictional town kansas superman series finale learns planet coming destroy humanity possession parallel universe version attempts bring clone son life clark finally realizes true destiny time stop arrival earth finale episodes feature seven years future revealing clark new superhero persona superman episodes written advance fall conceived successfully bring end series attempted preserve intended ending envisioned original series developers years earlier episodes featured return actors including aaron voice episodes contained overt references connections previous superman franchises film superman film superman returns premiere episode finale watched million viewers episodes received generally positive reviews commentators felt series successfully able wrap story arcs return met critical applause artistic decision render superman computer generated imagery cgi met plot seven years future reads comic book entitled detailing rise superman son flashing seven years argue upcoming wedding wants wedding believing destiny gives copy vows help convince wedding clark discussion mother martha letting past clark visits apartment tells wedding admitting read vows gives exchange clark reads vows tells meet chapel mansion confronted offers final chance join forces spare life coming destruction refuses declaring born fate sealed discovering disabled organization satellites brings previous satellite footage revealing planet descending earth warn team ambushed group armed men taken captive meet oliver possessed power arrives instructed remove clark powers gold wedding ring wedding realizes ring stops oliver clark helps oliver overcome control enters earth atmosphere awakening table inside laboratory greeted parallel universe version reveals took imperfect clones best pieces assembled create perfect clone attempts use heart bring life breaks free shoots escape makes deal bring son life exchange soul clark tracks confronted clark apologizes able save declares stop future oliver confronts arrows confronts reveals knew sister stabs stomach tells loves claiming saving like lays dying memories seconds government radio broadcast disguised references nuclear weapons board air force way room secretary state tells supposed planet heroes tried destroy save agree heroes chance minutes kent barn clark attacked possessing body clark thoughts showing images trials past years revealing entire life big trial leading moment ability fly clark body destroying makes way spirit father presents suit martha clark takes sky saving crashing air force pushing space flashing forward seven years broadcast announces elected president united_states daily planet clark runs finally discuss getting married seven years news arrives bomb found elevator clark runs rooftop open shirt revealing new suit superman production background writing following conclusion seventh season finale arctic original series developers left series meant unable write series finale later noted minds moment putting suit flying future destiny according executive producer showrunner fellow executive producer showrunner kept original ending mind began working finale scenes envisioned represented real wish fans resultant script changed way eventually calling everybody wanted episode written second half written important nature episode began working script christmas fall writers general idea 10th season episodes later explained script finalized agreed return series forced writers parts episode room character work said experienced heart exhaustion excitement emotion experience episode finally features clark flying idea showing clark flying episode homecoming different mid season episode decided argued clark flying metaphor finally embracing destiny adding episode finale writers listened network executive fans order best idea handle situation noted people wanted big transformation according writers initially wished include members budgetary constraints ideas come pass noted episode contained percent wanted scripts finished heat marked ensure secrecy according scripts order read actors sign casting finale episodes featured returning characters reprised role appearing clark visions presenting clark suit near end episode appearance meant season role episodes appearance clark season premiere aaron returned original character henry written series eighth season episode finale portrays younger brother sequence set seven years future reprised role series regulars featured episode airing finale preceded months speculation actor return reprise role stated person seen portraying series airing season commenced argued return inspiration clark finally superman idea character comic con stated acknowledged importance series wanted return degree final season needed details according series early return introduction bodies tap order heal later life months speculation actor finally agreed appear finale explained return fans stating appreciate passion threats elected return explained played scenes fact living reveal end dialogue speculation surrounded series star reprise role prior episode broadcast ignited minor controversy noting watching episode aired giving fans impression avoiding released statement facebook page star watch episodes aired stated approached finale glad fond story arc ended season filming finale encompassed separate episodes filmed different director directed second directed regular director series years left helping direct fifth season episode fan series particularly pleased way story arcs wrapped highlighting scenes flash forward seven years production finale started march producers series initially concerned filmed material fill finale allotted air time additional scenes filmed goodness concerning mythology rough cut finished episodes ended going time scenes cut talk scenes appear 10th season dvd come pass suit clark series finale originally film superman returns worn producers offered suit worn original superman films turned offer reasoned didn fit world final scene shot reminiscent similar scene original superman film open shirt reveal superman suit rest production staff reviewed scene sure filmed homage correctly later noted iconic scene focus wanted people memories impressive pleased recreated shot sequence wrap noting thought going final moment special effects finale episodes series completed company produced nearly different visual effects shots episode created facilities vancouver canada california addition supervision vancouver owner company later explained company charge work ing magic minutes screen time hardly photography filmed episode use practical effects bald head created unlike previous appearances actor decided opt bald cap cover hair arriving decision taken months hair grow working projects required hair final minutes second finale episodes featured musical score sequence opening credits superman orchestrated series composer served seasons previously reworked score season featured guest appearance moments season finale exodus broadcast ratings double episode finale earned nielsen rating share year old demographic nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states ratings mean episode finale seen percent year olds percent year olds watching television time broadcast viewed estimated million viewers ranked second timeslot half hours episode averaged million viewers final minutes viewership rose million ratings final episode marked percent increase compared previous episode prophecy reception entertainment_weekly complimented episode writing series finale needed completed circuit epic story began years ago critical half episode noting pre marital tension clark story felt minutes slow parts episode ultimately concluded finale radically satisfied ign awarded episode citing amazing episode argued succeeded delivering moments wanted finale delivered memorable moments series successfully transformed superman fanatic awarded episode stars calling resolution breath taking praised ending noting couldn asked better ending seven years future final shot scene imagined end felt season finale alternated exciting disappointing final minutes particularly good celebration love power delight inspire moody critical substantial scenes episode surrounded countless minutes poorly paced filler manufactured conflict bulk hour finale painful watch awarded episode called mess points balance heavily criticized focusing romance clark wrote better plot concerning likewise reviewers expressed frustration lack body shot clark superman suit way superman presented flying use cgi line ranked fact barely suits finale biggest writing treated seeing series star clad costume flying mode wrote super called cgi effects little important moments series reportedly thrilled great debate noting producers wanted hints going clark destiny superman different story told return met positive critical reception felt cameo short worth play time felt scene clark worth wait praised acting arguing shook awake sending needle red zone ultimately stated acting finale series great series performances past years proof talent expected places | Finale (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
17871_JusticeLeague(Smallville) | fictional group television series adapted television originally included accept role seasons later team continued appear series new characters introduced subsequently joined team original appeared comic book brave bold consisted members superman batman flash team official appearance season episode justice member previously introduced individually episodes season series team cast crew officially recognized team series writers wanted sure characters similar characteristics comic book counterparts time means learn creative team attempted stay true spirit comic costume design certain characters costumes characters changed dramatically characters possess exception entity brought digitally create character powers technologies addition live action television series featured promotional tie toyota interactive online comic book individual level received tie provided sprint users animated episodes depicting oliver backstory mobile phones overall reception characters mixed critics viewed acting ability shortened introductory storylines team negatively characters viewed positively roles individual storylines appeared season justice member introduction recurring storylines series prior formation team member appear introduced season episode run episode person clark discovers ability able run speeds created exposure clark meet saves hit truck eventually clark convinces life crime ability swim speeds create energy water appear season episode arthur arrives stop underwater weapon developed killing surrounding ocean life arthur clark initially clash arthur tactics arthur tries blow lab clark insists simply talk face face ask stop eventually arthur clark locate destroy weapon outright season introduced episode revealed victor mortally wounded car accident took lives family company took victor body research lab experimented ultimately replacing bone skeleton metal clark attempts provide victor safe haven victor escapes facility clark manages convince stop hunting victor eventually leaves girlfriend left live metropolis arrives season episode investigate episode arrow oliver begins metropolis named green arrow rich taking objects knows stolen wealthy individuals gives poor oliver begins romantic relationship eventually oliver life takes priority break oliver forced leave town investigate season premiere oliver moves metropolis begins searching missing season seven finale oliver believes tracked whereabouts episode bride find arrives instead oliver reveals plans kill find threat poses clark rest world episode requiem oliver takes controlling interest successor sells company result attempts kill oliver tracks blows medical supposedly traveling introduced season appears labyrinth guiding clark fictitious reality created hudson phantom zone criminal attempting clark body revealed season finale working clark biological father john explains watching clark arrival earth instructed interfere clark life true danger season seven premiere john assistance clark defeating phantom zone criminals turned clark season premiere john sacrifices abilities save clark life season prey john informs clark taken job metropolis police detective clark needs assistance season absolute justice john powers restored fate helps clark members defeat mutual enemy storylines official team appearance season episode justice clark discovers oliver met arthur victor organized team focused stopping believe law oliver reveals conducting experiments people developed special abilities thanks exposure clark work alongside team local experimental facility known level destroying building oliver team leave seek facilities world oliver asks clark fledged member team clark turns oliver explaining ready season seven episode puts bounty oliver team convincing lance goes black ability sound wave single scream individuals terrorists end clark proves lied decides join oliver team season premiere set find clark disappeared following destruction fortress previous season finale clark eventually found true identities league members compromised team decides safe work season episode oliver reforms team gives role season finale revealed league tracking genetically engineered known oliver tries convince clark kill creature clark refuses instead informs oliver murdered simultaneously kicking oliver team clark revealing agreement oliver plan capture force clark fight plan escape end clark defeats creature burying mile underground oliver team apologize following clark plan start league leaves metropolis afterward feeling responsible death aaron killed escaped response turns metropolis clock tower tallest building city base hope team day return home team eventually reforms screen assists clark hunting attempting earth starting ninth episode final season patriot alerted arrival rest season attempt stop destroys earth subsequent episodes dominion prophecy imply joined team portrayals producers wanted use flash alter ego approve use typically goes impulse short series took role flash learned agent superhero role called learned going impulse convinced going win role went auditions disappointed performance second audition believed failed role fear producers offered cast character previously officially portrayed live action form research character discovered fan base wanted live expectations felt fans character like expect season attempt launch television series ultimately picked opportunity return called appear episode feature official appearance season comics paid clark visit members miller felt shared dilemma clark fact victor clark abilities way romantic relationships women love developers felt interesting character victor normally goes alias member teen comics casting producers wanted decided bring actor revealed contact character came comics teen animated television series according young fortunate version spin character majority character background script preparing young expressed pleasure fact producers decided victor robotic parts internal opposed comic version half visible body covered metal according producers choice play role alter ego oliver designed provide alternative view means hero time producers wanted character impact lives clark actor portray green arrow live action media believed season episode reunion helped understand character episode revealed oliver school kid falls coma oliver actions oliver decides start new path according allowed actor justify life danger night strong feelings going social advocate recurring guest sixth seventh seasons series regular season auditioned aware role cast offered producers informed major character mythology comic books online sources learn character approached producers auditioned twice role waited weeks receiving confirmation role morris new design character stepping away cape going contemporary look classified tool security force guardian protector actor stated like character lead future sees natural leader character development characteristics writing episode run official appearance knew character certain characteristics embodied comic book counterpart knew faster clark comic advantage flash superman featured smart ass inspired sarcastic flash appears animated television series belief enjoys powers exhibit somber characteristics character pointed accepts abuses gifts somewhat difference clark afraid world suggested character initial appearance living confused state developed extraordinary powers parents accept ends turning care described save loves actor goes arthur passionate nature earth seas afraid use abilities save things dear comparing character clark stated arthur confident abilities knows path life big difference actor pointed unlike clark arthur willing sacrifice people things means preserving greater good appears key characteristics clark relate fact feel abilities having true relationship women love writers tried create parallels characters emphasize like victor fear telling girlfriend truth body clark fear discovering alien characterized oliver guy seriously enjoys making fun people try way believed reasons oliver attracted provides challenge oliver relationship clark designed clark limited teach clark world exists costumes episode oliver attend ball oliver dresses designers decided model oliver costume comic book character costume designer designed oliver official costume conjunction illustrator hide face typically wears mask eyes ocean drive leather opted use hood pair dark sunglasses hide oliver face revealed came hood idea costume entirely leather creative team wanted away impressed costume confessed uncomfortable wear layers leather wear boots inch lifts creating oliver costume task crafting updated costume looks arthur victor justice episode explained victor metal physical body like comic book counterpart wanted include metallic look costume designer tried victor futuristic feel bit essence including angular pieces vest coloring silver black purple costume designers tried season appearance level season wore red yellow cargo pants reflect teenage identity appearance tried character appearance faster yellow cargo pants replaced red jeans red updated incorporate lightning bolt logo piece arthur costume easiest create color scheme mirrored comic book counterpart constructed look costume designed form fitting complement physique victor arthur tops variations designing lance black costume certain aspects comic book character kept changed entirely instance character retains classic external black mask character wears swapped painted mask researched versions costume looking 1940s 50s try come right version explained primarily came versions version reminded designer thing action friendly reminiscent route took created body suit boot flat practical designer kept yellow accents comic version long gloves filming crew test shots masks character including leather mask reminiscent comic book character look going painted variation quick point justice series focus costumes flying superhero stuff flights rule effect changed justice suggested actors commit roles wearing costumes look like comedian doesn like jokes young stated group wear silver vest regular pants unlike felt distracted wearing best try mind subject young stated felt sorry having wear costume believed group described costume mom cotton fabric magic marker creating order illustrate special abilities members special effects company entity come digitally create powers character senior producer explained wanted super speed current look employed techniques conjunction graphics season create hybrid image screen smith explained technology allowed team choose path able achieve composite world entity effects create stream follows running super speed victor entity tried create digital imagery character inner workings audience chance robotic operates instance visually walked audience process victor downloads level facility security creating abilities arthur posed challenges lot opportunities character water mid west technology arthur came effects pilot entity able digitally create arthur water character arrival shot level creating arthur super swimming speed team attempted imagery look similar torpedo water team battled forth illustrate arthur movements deciding having character leave trail bubbles like torpedo maneuvering water actually traveling bubbles reception judging individual appearances dvd verdict felt performance wooden ign felt introductions simply wasted characters given episodes commenting introduction persona season episode arrow ign felt series took time developing character fit style acknowledged costume exactly like comics respects spirit character design uses feel like producers taking page book makes quality entertainment felt lacked proper introduction stating respectable job portraying scenes lacks screen presence like voiced character morris holds delivers lines strong straight forward tone signature editor felt approach succeeded television series birds prey failed dropped idea humans blair believed doomed birds prey managed black look like comic book counterpart cry level credibility acknowledged created fairly good depiction disagreed certain choices appreciate removal long blonde hair addition eyes gave character look blade runner stated acting came little times overall felt right choice feelings official appearance season justice writer suggested live action appearance league failed pilot 1990s deserved single episode stated episodes needed properly tell narrative introduction instead felt like character introductions rushed appeared series prior season justice earn highest ratings episode season million viewers merchandise following end sixth season announced san diego comic con releasing new action figures time modeled appeared season episode justice toys featured detailed young media appearances spin offs points series studio discussed developing individual shows oliver arthur entire topic television series based flash came underway year character appearance according writer creative differences flash television series handled given previous attempt translating character small screen explained studio wanted create flash time traveling college student result series character ultimately brought following appearance highest rated episodes season developers began work pilot work progressed season character recognized potential series season episode meant pilot television spin considered role stated november interview series different spin mythology look new series true spin suggest interest crossover currently series production ultimately picked network formed merger upn production pilot sixth season talk creating new series based green arrow oliver queen character refused talk possibility spin filming sixth season respect role actor felt respect accomplished seasons steal spotlight thinking better talk spin appearances according talking far spin got according spin introduced idea oliver acting professor role takes people place trains series characters easily cleared film division clarified series featured introduction new characters teen comics universe going depth background story primary characters like victor arthur potential series came fruition mobile phone online tie ins team prominent appearances television series additional media appearances based marketing tie ins early received personal treatment promotional tie sprint titled oliver queen chronicles series looked origins oliver alternate identity april tie toyota promoting new featured online comic strip programs new episodes titled interactive comic based episode justice picks events episode following oliver victor arthur seek destroy secret experimental team eventually prototype soldier working combines enhanced individuals places single soldier online comic directly ties television series oliver team screen contact clark episode prototype tell defeat soldiers online series allowed viewers investigate alongside fictional team effort win prizes wrote episodes working team artists illustrations plot comic episode given time production crew filming current television episode artist draw comic book panels sent group called group review drawings tell scott images draw separate allowed multiple objects moved frame appearance talks studio heads spinning individual characters entire team television shows came fruition series television film feature live action portrayals comic books series continued comic book medium season written wrote television series issues features referencing team member established hub territory communication systems linked second issue discovers building facility far earth moon base construction supervision despite having died encounter league liaison consciousness revealed half brother mind sees opportunity learn heroes secrets removing mind creates measures prevent finding situations despite efforts manage send message league extract consciousness uploaded computer system temporary home mind issue begins investigate warning given parallel universe version crisis implied known secretly batman city childhood wayne father invited join secret society batman partner arrive metropolis search parents killer works contact returns ninth issue new costume explores source powers encountering black flash battling bunch super intelligent paris challenges clark race time flight eleventh issue reveals got powers member refuses run forcing create new place story arc parallel clark batman chase members criminal gang attacked white left injured appears offers assistance bruce investigating attack jones superhero identity addition new outpost moon shown built helping construction crew reveals batman joined | Justice League (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
22368_LoisLane(Smallville) | fictional character television series portrayed continually appearance season premier crusade series finale began guest star season promoted series regular status beginning season character created comic books love interest alter ego superman adapted television fourth time character adapted live action television series comes town investigate apparent death cousin start fourth season finding alive forced high complete remaining credits high school failed achieve series progresses interest journalism grows writing couple articles season landing job season finally hired daily planet season seven seasons seven relationship depicted brother sister relationship characters heads season begins realize falling love clark season official couple season relationship goes midseason pair engaged series developers envisioned bringing character end season creative team right storyline bring hired portray iconic female reporter comic books interpretation designed similar traits leading female characters film described fiercely independent critics favorably compared version live action performances character film television role makes appearance season crusade comes investigating supposed death cousin investigating death gone pair uncover truth alive witness protection trial man evidence orchestrated death parents discovers truth sends kill clark stop killer allowing testify leave father informs failed achieve high school credits enrolled high complete twelfth grade year staying begins attending convinces reporter torch effort help earn remaining credits help episode devoted clark manages remaining credits ahead schedule attend vacate bedroom season fanatic running state senate asks campaign manager witnessing charge campaign manager fires published statement goes values fragile continues duties requested governor place suffers fatal heart attack season discovers interest journalism struck barn door falls sky story bought tabloid newspaper gives job reporter begins romantic relationship night queen job gets way relationship oliver setting elaborate scheme prove clark oliver wise plan clark dresses throw oliver trail oliver forced leave metropolis track experimental facilities episode justice relationship comes end season prototype discovers experimental research army soldiers best friend result decides phantom begin looking projects season seven looking research projects discovers alien spaceship attempt craft news story situation lands job daily planet basement alongside cousin daily planet begins new relationship editor episode wrath relationship comes scrutiny blue seeing reason workers doubt true ability journalist believing secret grant true identity finally agree ways season premiere believes responsible arrest goes mansion search files location eventually discovers whereabouts arrives alongside clark save takes clark wing teaching reporter accepts daily planet sitting desk directly feelings clark stronger season progresses admitting episode committed love clark stating oliver episode bride felt way episode shares kiss clark interrupted arrival clark girlfriend season finale successor physical fight daily planet fight picks legion ring falls clark desk instantly transported time place season returns future suffering visions earth having overrun aliens led blue season clark officially begin romantic relationship begins assisting heroic endeavors trust clark shaken thinks clark jealous relationship understand need find value life work ultimately clark true identity season finale clark relationship reaches peak tenth final season clark finally confesses secret isis begin relationship free secrets proposed marriage episode beacon help rallies faithful fans registration act helping clark preserve secret identities convinces clark develop alter ego way hiding true identity heroic episode prophecy given clark powers day wedding gift biological father realizes devotion clark greatest weakness calls wedding series finale clark convinces life makes stronger ceremony interrupted sudden invasion earth convinces military bomb home world allowing clark finally embrace destiny defeat portrayal series developer contends producer intention bring iconic needed good reason supposed death end season appeared reason explains casting role looked superman film series inspiration wanted actress pretty smart came wit dozens actresses auditioned role tape showed felt found right executive producer describes tough sexy direct plus according chemistry came set afternoon hit friends developing brother sister relationship set casting forced start filming days hired time prepare role initial agreement portray character total episodes discussion planned use character insisting clark having romantic relationship feature film division cleared character episodes character cleared episodes creative team decided plant kent home provide constant annoyance clark separate physical appearance producers highlights added hair shared similar coloring character development storyline series writer discusses writing staff chose develop character pilot miles established clark best friends best aspects introducing future love interest introduce enemy constantly going butt heads gon like think chose different wasn intimidating grow person everybody sees screen later season writers chose start path investigative journalism version character gets start working tabloid newspaper writer felt tabloid beginnings good additional character established season perry good adds depth character showing struggled reporter know love steps closer ultimate destiny daily planet writers continued evolve character having grow black white mindset begin seeing shades gray writers wanted character realize middle road taken season sees clark taking job daily planet chance character step involved case acting mature taking charge mentor clark transitions new job describes eighth season lesson clark realizing different people wants life save day believes applies explains got confidence journalist inside going god truly love clark love characteristics developing characteristics version writers took inspiration leading ladies cinema example character raiders lost describes character having sophisticated experience considered adult rest cast believes embodies characteristics creative team wanted version specifically fact lot nervous energy trying find nervous energy brings role actress relates sassy independent nature conversely describes character coming school hard knocks street smart capable woman believes character fiercely independent time afraid admit flaws human feel sorry having flaws goes detail identifying character vulnerable adding slightly buddytv characterizes fast talking woman petty care goes describe afraid getting trouble dig relationships key relationships clark husband comics characters relationship constant development describes relationship clark season bit melting ice characters continue butt heads audience growing attraction time need according season clear character realizes attraction characters represents greater relationship believes self imposed walls thought clark romantic notion instant immediately joke ready type actress sees season soon characters love getting know describes relationship season precursor future relationship clark sees dynamic oliver willingness accept oliver secret identity relationship clark far season concerned relationship clark audience describes character willing official label relationship pair learned deal moments feel uncomfortable instead point believes clark satisfied identifying brother sister friendship label trying discover truly feel reception nominated saturn award nominations category performance came season following year end seventh season ign compared actresses portrayed character past decades recognizable version film incarnation played previous live action television version portrayed rated highest phillips acknowledges best representation personality claims best overall embodiment character apart beauty phillips states makes intelligent capable funny dangerously curious exactly type woman fall named reasons watch eighth season moody believes best versions character plays tough sexy makes portrayal better buddytv actress performance stylized delivery lines actresses 1940s comedy era media appearances series continued comic book medium season written wrote television series story continues lives life clark known world superman involvement clark allows meet elusive batman subsequently learn secret identity batman partner teams amazon princess agent accepts assignment africa investigate mysterious reports surrounding known angel plateau caught terrorist attack arrival saved revealed investigates acquainted learns abilities protect children people exploit tries fact clark relationship find targeted enemies send defeat helps powerless defeating reveals knows relationship clark saw engagement ring hid receives blessing | Lois Lane (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
22967_Tempest(Smallville) | episode season finale season original series episode originally aired wrote script directed episode narrative attempts forge destiny away whitney leaves marines discovers clark secret attempts expose world pulled tornado director attempted create visual theme characters parallel approaching storm episode mark departure return special guest seasons finale pulled half viewership attained pilot episode favorably received critics nominated awards plot shows plant announces management failure forced shut plant effectively blaming problem informs son wants return metropolis clark pete plans spring formal whitney informs enlisting marine_corps leaves basic training day dance tries initiate employee convinces employees mortgage homes help provide financial resources complete learns plans buys immediately property employees miss payments tests clark abilities setting bomb truck inside nixon confronts clark coffee shop clark behalf nixon follows clark home conversation clark ship storm cellar missing piece ship nixon goes mansion steals octagonal key immediately returns storm cellar video camera clark pete arrive dance whitney leaves training weather begins deteriorate storm picks takes whitney bus stop martha decide head storm cellar seek cover storm discover nixon octagonal disk ship nixon attempts escape chases storm ship ground flies storm cellar says goodbye whitney drives home way storm winds force road right tornadoes touched students dance alerted sighted clark races sure right tornadoes merge large tornado direction clark arrives truck tornado vortex clark speeds tornado rescue production thinking end season things clear final episode school tornadoes inspired created contains event tornado hits pair insist tornado idea came story radio tornado hit high school night episode mark departure series star return special guest seasons filming director filmed episode tone thematically similar rising storm according episode start calm begin build explains began wind helicopter landing arrives shut plant wanted set mood storm coming starts builds camera starts circle storm arrives builds fever pitch episode steady graceful arc chaos tried control hard filming controlling buildup wanted build drama visuals wind storm brought jet powered wind machines movie simulate high velocity winds storm going blow wind introduced arrives pick clark begins gentle introduction built little little progressing scene time drops whitney bus station wind strong dilemma faced keeping performances realistic believes proves exactly thought seen experienced point view teenager explains love head heels love scared terrified sad grief emotions strong doesn mean performances departure whitney causes distress experimental relationship clark trying figure love fights protect family battle father son saw events opera performances needed match tone going construction coordinator production designer busy episode scenes filmed farm zero avenue road runs canadian border scene tornadoes touch work shattering windows mansion final confrontation band single save opening theme asked perform episode band quickly learned filming live performance television straight forward sounds order able film band playing volume scene times quiet pretend play dance actors exchanged dialogue times loud effects worried filming moment beam breaks inside mansion wind generated storm lands crew knew beam going fall know cut beam sure intended shoot scene day shooting came worked stunt double initial impact beam stepped scene fell beam wind effects created potential danger cast crew recalls smallest piece debris flying high speeds cause damage similar experience scenes storm cellar races storm nixon special effects crew jet fans dry leaves simulate winds coming outside dry leaves face character development episode featured lot character development actors waiting jealousy clark going begins come believes want jealous wants able support clark newfound feelings according whitney finally gets johnson wishes audience able sooner whitney gives private dance knowing able leaving town add depth character previously seen decided send whitney war instead killing character outright idea sending whitney war came midway season knew want kill wanted ability bring point future came noble heroic send character episode featured moment finally began life like father longer sees moment free father support beam collapses moment audience gets hint evil man know day brief moment let father die certainly turn dark reception premiered achieved nielsen rating meaning approximately percent television equipped households tuned episode putting episode viewership week episode went nominated awards win golden reel award best sound editing television episodic received nomination work reviews positive felt season finale gave element star treatment cliffhanger ending leave reviewer anticipation summer long season premiere sullivan rank fifteenth best television episode reviewer felt episode season strongest thanks focus characters taking referred slam bang season ending cliffhanger believed proved utilize supernatural metaphor teenage life finale managed theme entire season brought plot point head closed ending sure bring viewers second season super entertainment author little mixed opinion felt episode accomplished better previous episode aired season episode lacked anticipation based character actions | Tempest (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
27130_LanaLang(Smallville) | fictional character television series series regular pilot episode played continuously actresses having portrayed child elderly woman character created comic books 1950s romantic interest adapted television character appeared literature based television series directly continues television episodes love interest season dating season whitney departure clark begin grow closer clark secrets hiding causes relationship end grew closer eventually learns truth clark stealing powered suit enormous radiation prohibits getting close clark leaves good vowed continue use powers preserve life initially characterized intelligent girl door eventually tragic figure decisions clark change character course explains end sixth season shown beat game course transitions girl door self reliant young woman nominated awards portrayal role season beginning friendship popular cheerleader dating star quarterback clark near getting sick necklace wears pilot episode parents killed shower adopted aunt season progresses grows closer clark whitney begins distance father medical season episode heat sends whitney left marines season finale video message breaking aunt moves metropolis fiancé season episode ryan friend finish high school end season clark slowly try start romantic relationship fear backlash personal feelings clark feelings fully clark unexpectedly runs away season finale start season shown alongside spending time searching clark ultimately finds metropolis thanks help clark actions metropolis force relationship season episode phoenix eventually begins new relationship guy met physical therapy horse season asylum season episode crisis discovered relationship adam attempted form ploy adam investigate clark season reveals order life applies admitted program study paris france season shows paris began romantic relationship beginning season returns receiving mysterious tattoo lower resembles symbol local cave walls touched tomb season spell sacred tattoo acts doorway spirit inhabit body time takes body sets find stones knowledge searched clark season finale commencement confronted jason mother stones knowledge struggle comes forward kills resulting death revealed cause death centuries prior episode bound releases control second shower witnesses landing alien spacecraft alien beings emerging killing sight season premiere spaceship primary focus season officially teaming discover mystery ship episode splinter relationship clark hits breaking point season hypnotic begins grow closer relationship eventually leads marriage season episode promise discovers clark secret realizes lying years learns set fake pregnancy order marry season finale phantom effectively ends marriage death escape threatens frames murder punish betrayal revealed start season seven effort fails settlement divorce makes sure jail actions clark secret longer issue begin real relationship season seven episode fierce obsessed making pay crimes humanity causes develop million stole counseling center infected people doubles surveillance begin affect relationship clark episode wrath eventually realizes loves way clark help world best ability left clark good season seven finale season episode bride believing tracking missing season seven finale discovers instead oliver convinces return attend wedding season episode power revealed returned steal technology alien dna super suit abilities end episode procedure complete strong clark episode requiem discovers suit radiation making potential danger clark puts bomb roof forced absorb bomb result leaves quest clark longer near radiation hurting portrayal creators alfred initially trying find role cast casting director sent director pilot episode tape people second person tape loved audition tape immediately showed network auditions read graveyard scene network thought great chemistry portrayed character child elderly woman respectively time cast idea character superman lore uncle owned comic book shop filled details learned producers realized character comics character different people result learns development learning asked cast traditionally red haired character caused outcry fans believes got pretty fast season decided invest character felt character ultimate development entirely hands producers longer frustrated producers things felt character instead find right direction character enjoyed fourth season gave chance stretch acting abilities storyline involving spirit according actress lot fun thought funny wonderful able stretch play driven woman goal going reach meantime going sexy lot fun isn realistic actors play different types things says moment playing vampire season experience remembers uncomfortable fake blood covered left series end seventh season appeared episodes season guest star character development storyline progression early turning points character came season ray discovers information parents changes perspective began mother graduation speech showed mother happy aunt led believe perception mother drove way led life based idea good light season discovers mother affair man named biological father continued idea established season perception parents perfect couple wrong according meeting biological father allowed character realize create life envisioned actually exist season showed transition girl door self reliant young woman beginning season forced come terms diminished feelings whitney growing feelings clark takes time strong finally tell whitney truth video message way feels local coffee shop owned new grounding force whitney aunt left thinks hard believe sixteen year old girl owner coffee shop believes helps provide independence character establish eventually order know find role life leaves paris season felt like going little crazy uncertain direction feels people aren beliefs characterization start characterized girl door describes beautiful popular girl lonely hole heart loss parents feels feels deep character tough girl manages bring instance convinces fight rival coffee shop spreading rumors coffee shop joint owns unfortunately tough seen season according character placed situations outgoing left communicate primarily whitney clark thinks lived head little bit intelligent read classical books read romantic novels sly sees product clark decisions love clark clark love clark bad decisions instincts bad decisions marking tragic figure clark characterizes kind girl strong powerful doesn question going think love don know stand clarify relationship brings darkness seen character evident nemesis way seeing forced marry leaving die underground tunnels explains end sixth season shown beat games feels characters television according strong feminist stance request people stop protecting start telling truth willingness believe pieces information gets lies series ended expressed regret characterization course felt damaged audiences mind believed behavior clark refusing reveal secret come cold relationships began romantic relationship star quarterback football team believes truly love whitney started dating time audience sees pilot longer state mind believes time pilot grown comfortable whitney relationship ended growing feelings clark feels producers rushed clark end second season believes happened season characters bit stretch quickly fall clark arms season began develop relationship believes cares friend recognizes placing relationship tends ignore recognizes big life tries pay attention good focus darker aspects life friendship shares deeply damaged start season realized badly episode truth aware romantic feelings clark friendship suffered revealed known clark hiding months feelings distrust remained hidden truth gained ability speak truth matter finally revealed trust developing friendship puts strain relationship clark clark beginning realize truth lies starting trust ultimately clark lack honesty forces leave paris end season end believes clark true friend focused bringing father justice tense relationship based mutual feelings clark paris begins new romantic relationship believes love loved clark time clark love chance discover paris space seasons according experience successful relationships people need know like truly relationship clark intense connection shares insight relationship clark believing pair remained apart finally honest honesty relationship way healthy relationship honesty honest echoes sentiments acknowledging stupid clark wants real relationship going honest beginning season saw time clark happy relationship void secrets return clark powers hidden secrets lies accompany caused stress relationship series 100th episode clark finally took chance told truth resulted indirectly death allowed live day clark chose tell secret hypnotic effort stop hurting emotionally clark told longer loved drove arms writer explains happened series hinted seasons swimmer believes started dating way making clark mad relationship turned contends went knows love believes relationship men life motivated desire fill void life left parents killed need fill fulfilled void took drug induce death parents meeting parents believes realized longer needed fill hole sees filled void reason truly love argues rebound guy feelings eventually marries season argues loved clark clark loved reason clark forced direction ended getting head contrast writer feels love hasty decisions agreed marry believes progression demonstrates earned love answer viewers hated marry contends viewers seeing including evil truly sees portion appears good reception nominated future following year alongside star nominated best actress saturn award receive nominations category departed teen choice awards nominated nominated revised category finally nominated teen choice awards beautiful couple choice chemistry dvd verdict felt casting series pitch perfect noting makes obvious object clark obsession media appearances young adult novels makes literary appearance published aspect strange visitors attempts organize fund family school mate stewart diagnosed terminal cancer effort rendered con artist comes pick stewart medical bills rock removes cancer cells brain dragon visits dealer looking gift boyfriend whitney leaves breaks whitney starts dating clark eventually discovered tea rocks comic books non speaking cameo appearance ninth issue comic book continuation season written executive story editor clark notice watches race coast returns parallel uses superhero alias angel plateau battles terrorists africa saves attacks reveals abilities help protect children people exploit settled africa tries reveal relationship terrorists seek aid defeating angel plateau new heart installed absorbed embedded skin rendering powerless longer radiation helps defeat reveals seen engagement ring knows clark relationship gives blessing decides remain africa angel | Lana Lang (Smallville) | Media and drama | Television | Smallville |
5216_UpperWestSideStory | upper west story upper west story 12th episode season american comedy drama television series 42nd episode overall broadcast united_states january episode directed written episode features themes shakespeare romeo juliet contains allusions victorian era literature student prestigious prep school approaches missing scholarship funds begin investigating father boy crush according nielsen ratings system estimated million household viewers watched original broadcast episode million demographic upper west story received positive reviews plot peter approached student prestigious explains believes money scholarship fund rich investor peter quickly takes case realizing woods believed associated major peter visits school guise parent potential student pose assistant instead takes role substitute english teacher learning woods daughter class woods soon discovers peter says learning lied hotel arrangements peter covers admitting spent night mistress later tells silent attraction plans set peter discovers woods working school order funds following day school sees drop envelope locker order check contents envelope peter pulls fire alarm finds school quarterly finance report inside later asks tutor home accepts invites come woods invites peter dinner night asks bring mistress diana posing peter mistress accompanies peter stages quarrel peter frustration opens door exit setting alarm process woods turns alarm allows easily break office clone woods hard drive follows father office accidentally pocket woods realizing wrong woods goes office discovers quickly enters taking blame mistake day lets know woods suspects peter taken hostage woods held shop classroom woods quickly discovers peter fbi takes phone calls woods forcing step room create lab chemicals free peter diana arrests woods explains life easy begins relationship discovering roses left later peter statement committee involvement case actions caused kidnapping elizabeth peter details surrounding theft art production episode written fifth episode joining series second season sixth overall time collaborate episode upper west story directed directing credit series episodes guard working titles episode included endowed cooper reported july appear episode daughter guest stars appear episode include series star stated enjoyed working episode primarily standalone said speaking upper west story enjoys portraying different aspects undercover roles stated received phone requesting poem morning poem ultimately included scene teaching english class pointed episode contained references victorian era literature specifically mentioning romeo juliet stated metaphors helped plot forward reception ratings initial broadcast episode drew million viewers earned rating demographic upper west story ranked seventh place cable series night demographic fourth timeslot surpassed teen mom storage wars game original broadcast episode overlapped state union address minutes viewership episode increased slightly previous week reviews upper west story received positive reviews critics praising standalone format rebuilding peter relationship huffington_post called episode fun undercover deals fallout peter stated felt like peter track enjoyed standalone case said episode reminds fell love frederick compared episode school episode monk likened baker character monk stating villain mccarthy evil endearing baker appeared genuinely evil praised series utilizing comedy drama gave episode mixed review stating series hatching best excessively like frederick praised use comedy felt baker appeared like cartoon bully ultimately gave episode | Upper West Side Story | Media and drama | Television | White Collar |
5255_PullingStrings(WhiteCollar) | pulling strings white collar pulling strings 14th episode season american comedy drama television series 44th episode overall broadcast united_states february episode directed written episode assigns work girlfriend track missing violin peter deal arrival elizabeth parents new_york daughter birthday according nielsen ratings system estimated million household viewers watched original broadcast episode million demographic pulling strings received mixed positive reviews critics praising individual elements episode plot taking vacation work wife parents birthday peter turns order retrieve missing believes stolen fiancé current boss beginning work case approached agent new_york look upcoming hearing apartment discovers hidden security tape convinces attend symphony help june able symphony quickly discover second chair woman security video realizes exactly claims searching backstage diana find body quickly recognize symphony instrument expert questioning security tape diana discovers damaged violin given instrument expert repairs approaches information pretending want join diana soon arrive arrest tells peter suffers arrival laws goes wrong birthday parents despised doll childhood gift elizabeth turn way planned father continues peter peter eventually calls assistance right agent returns fbi speak diana recently announced engagement diana learning peter jones covering recent crimes production june announced cast peter mentor appearance countdown returned pulling strings month casting announced reported play father casting vice president announced simultaneously appearance series confirmed simultaneously announcement fourth season renewal stated episode appear revealed appear season episodes announcement came news return series recurring role june pulling strings directed directing credit series episode written fifth writing contribution stated peter reduced role episode actor preparation directing episode reception ratings premiere pulling strings drew million viewers time lowest series episode drew million viewers demographic million previous episodes upper west story neighborhood watch respectively episode ranked 28th demographic night seventeen places previous week reviews pulling strings received mixed positive reviews critics praising performance criticizing use character gave episode rating praising writing standalone episode complimented scenes home stated burton character continues feel went episode example good gotten making wrote enjoyed performances bridges storyline fun praised episode use burton character later complimented episodic case bridges story arc ultimately gave episode rating fanatic called episode intriguing praised aspects pulling strings including bridges burton use elizabeth parents charles rated episode gave episode episode easily average sub par procedural average elements combined complimented appearance bridges performance strong antagonist gave episode mediocre review calling lackluster mentioning felt chemistry praise heightened roles introduction elizabeth parents | Pulling Strings (White Collar) | Media and drama | Television | White Collar |
23300_NeighborhoodWatch(WhiteCollar) | white collar neighborhood watch 13th episode season american comedy drama television series 43rd episode overall broadcast united_states january episode directed written episode noted draw themes neighbor discussing future crime work prove guilt according nielsen ratings system estimated million household viewers watched original broadcast episode million demographic neighborhood watch received positive reviews complimenting performance plot leaves home elizabeth plans robbery peter visits scene alleged crime finds suggest robbery exists peter attribute actions paranoia stemming recent kidnapping believes robbery real begins helping elizabeth monitor elizabeth soon hear voices original transmission discover voices new neighbors ben elizabeth immediately visits house invitation dinner night dinner elizabeth table order search house discovers soon finds locked bedroom speaking window walks picking lock soon found annoyed peter peter finally agrees investigate quickly informed ben armed robbery conviction peter phones elizabeth let know correct ben visits home threatens elizabeth follows ben discovers identity ben partner chase order closer suspects visits parole office alias information gathered peter quickly realizes target luxury hotel peter hurry hotel barely missing ben connor home elizabeth follow leaves house realizing peter reach time elizabeth approaches fbi agent attempt fails peter fbi arrive production reported june appear episode con new neighbor point second half season day casting announced reported chase appear episode con july series creator announced twitter direct episode directing credit previously portrayed second season neighborhood watch written writing credit directing power play second season acknowledged episode contains themes idea development multiple seasons reviewers mentioned theme announced july production recently wrapped episode august announced simultaneously fourth season renewal appear series ultimately appeared neighborhood watch reception ratings initial broadcast neighborhood watch viewed million viewers time second lowest series received million viewers demographic approximately million viewers previous week episode ranked eleventh overall demographic night finished fifth timeslot teen mom game justified reviews neighborhood watch received positive reviews critics praising larger role gave episode positive review noting great catalyst action compared episode previous week upper west story calling nice previous plus episodes high drama ultimately gave episode charles fanatic heavily praised episode calling great hour rear window 21st century mentioned episode thought delightful praised elizabeth prominent appearance gave episode mediocre review calling fairly run mill stated pat complimented additional scenes said hoped episode mark end elizabeth recovery kidnapping | Neighborhood Watch (White Collar) | Media and drama | Television | White Collar |
5328_ApiaryLaboratory | referred research laboratory originally built study honey bees today primarily study native species chemicals populations academic building unique credited united_states erected exclusively teaching prior construction building maintained program number years land grant agricultural colleges teach subject united_states time techniques progressed leaving longer simply hobby viable agricultural business college program remained limited single short course number years expanded bill passed establishing office state inspector man appointed position college lecturer time oversee expansion program asset college service state years come construction began february completion june following year total cost time building contained laboratory cellar wood workshop office comprehensive library books honey wax extraction rooms person apartment student tenants structure built college orchard section campus known central housing area time gates research focused mainly honey production brood diseases wax extraction industries laboratory operated superintendent hired gates maintain facilities day day perform wax services state following gates resignation school ceased offer summer school state extension services college went different professors hiring new professor retirement laboratory urban medical research program falling relative obscurity present time exclusively research native decline ecology classes taught university nearly decade ago building currently university list suggesting ultimately dismantled point near future history origins program early days founding maintained ecological studies bees history short courses taught college expert behavior president time lectures given years followed appear instruction subject given agricultural college country indicated account college history decades earlier western massachusetts home man considered father modern spent time developing innovative considered international standard philadelphia moved massachusetts recover illness study behavior following year published widely acclaimed honey bee press book having gone editions american literature serve lecturer agricultural college years time continued significant contributions queen known community developing strain notably italian despite success wood unfortunately live establishment college died period illness february age construction idea campus conceived sole purpose campus orchard time facilities built president administration seen realized greater purpose potential previously considered time considered new business venture thought hobby business farmers decades prior pioneer work originated new_england massachusetts states create state inspector man led program fill position professor originally hired time series lectures guest speaker spring semester continue administration hired permanent faculty member concurrently built new laboratory equipped modern amenities time saw opportunity research diseases ecology honey bee point pursued thoroughly public organization higher education ground broken site old building foot mount pleasant new building yards june following year building completed total cost time completion grounds contained species native yielding flowers home bee colonies multiple races building contained wax honey extraction rooms cellar office extensive library books wood workshop laboratory person apartment occupied student research laboratory classroom extension service state demand increased services necessary maintain additional reasons gates hired superintendent responsibilities included performing wax running college exhibit maintaining yard day day continue maintain building equipment death professors continue work successor arrived following year gates promoted assistant associate professor continued work lecturer experimental station president twice hosting conventions concluding college winter spring sessions college school left leaving position open years followed gates duties taken different people decade work taken professor soon resigned job commercial replaced professor alumnus college stayed years ultimately resign severe instructor graduate performed extensive work projects research assistant leaving work federal laboratory contemporary history span decade laboratory run different faculty members finally new permanent instructor hired student time previously hired assistant college experimental station resignation responsibilities shift began teach courses ecology instructor economic concurrently finishing left serve second world war eventually promoted instructor assistant professor continue offer courses maintain section department right 1970s appears superintendent hired replace extension work state ceased professor went comprehensive ecology textbook textbook intended replace text renowned published total seven editions retired age professor position abolished immediately following retirement student scholarship fund department set department late 1970s mid-1990s laboratory medical urban professor running projects professor focusing orchard pest control cellar basement lab converted laboratories workshop relocated garage adjacent building constructed year housed direction uses lab space studies infectious disease research department studies chemical ecology behavior colonies research yards majority data collected higher numbers colonies different experimental stations today laboratory conduct research native decline selected publications gates massachusetts measure factors affecting development bee colony bees massachusetts study physical factors influencing sugar concentration effect certain modern effects combinations ddt honey bee comparative selected organic honey bee pan culture bee forage crops decade following building construction multiple courses taught behavior college owned bee colonies lent faculty course program taught summer semester college years college assembled extensive collection books equipment year followed summer school held composed courses taught previous years addition class practical lectures laboratory practice general work equipment practices preparation materials location commencing bees handling bees practice procedure spring manipulation fall preparation extracted honey production bee diseases treatment making increase elements queen etc associate professor superintendent life lectures professor special problems lectures demonstrations races bees introduction queens handling honey production enemies bees professor science crops bees lectures field director experiment station relation bees plants including coloration odor lectures laboratory work structure associate professor bees practices fruit production market culture greenhouse growing affected practices lectures field work associate professor 1920s 1970s laboratory mainly faculty graduate research courses offered undergraduate students introductory advanced single course offered public summers brief time spring introductory course offered reorganization department classes ceased architecture landscape encompassed trees academic buildings surrounded fields time construction early photographs yard originally acres size extending feet south property present day boundaries developed residential neighborhood building built entire east basement completely covered ground banked barn design likely allow transported ease yards cellar alternatively making temperature building easily controlled storage building currently opposite sides roof original structure older photos late roof windows implying added later date building prominent design feature roof later influence architect alumnus college design dormitory time building hill hall buildings campus exhibit architectural motif likely incorporated design compliment | Apiary Laboratory | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
6007_BriarcliffFarms | farms farms farm established village new_york enterprises established law turn 20th century farm known milk butter cream produced dairy products american beauty roses water print media height farm largest dairy operations operating acres jersey cattle farm moved new_york purchased new_york banker developed angus cattle farm death farm changed hands times beef feeding operation sold farmland current owners farm combined practical american business model concept european country seat manor cows constantly milk promptly minutes shipped stores new_york_city night farm progressive sterile conditions numerous employee benefits good living conditions livestock regular maintain healthy herd farm use tenant farming established working harness shops site located manor house constructed numerous buildings architectural style farms original location established conjunction school purpose teach students farming keeping agriculture related skills school moved farm near school building run hotel years miss school building burned miss school relocated times located new_york history owned small farm road known estate named family home ireland display great dairy cattle new_york_city madison square garden demonstrated setting milk cream making butter began purchasing property present day village desire rest recreation year law paid acre farm renamed farms new_york_times reported 14th duke livestock farmer large party visited farm afternoon june time farm cattle sheep party went new_york proceeding carriage visited farm yard stables observing farm went taste butter guests went law home dinner returning new_york visit duke said perfect place delighted seen law retired vice presidency moved family area began time agriculture rapidly added holdings buying parcels years law owned acres largest individual previous owners tenant farmers law received half hay straw acre farm owned law farms initially deepened miles taking stream flow adjacent swamps drain workers cut rock took trees lining swamps reclaim land farming law found soil poor farmed half century fields bare cows gave poor quality milk begin repair waste years improved soil fertility arranging new_york_city streets stables regularly brought farm years week spread land result farm hay yield increased tons law decided improve area roads giving base layer large closely packed stones layers gravel developed herd farm weak cattle afflicted tuberculosis ordinary milk law development farm strong cattle healthy abundance rich milk law hired professor medicine check cow months tuberculosis diseases exceeding standards law little knowledge experience farming money reach goal dairy farm quality output law farm workers tending cattle pigs chickens horses sheep peak government asked farms exhibit milk butter cream paris exposition farm submitted raw milk according french use sending fresh milk keeps fresh farm contributed joint exhibit winning gold medals milk cream butter silver medal social benefit economy concerned farm milk french authorities requested chemicals added photographs government farms farmland law employees displayed exposition september farm dairy buildings destroyed fire cause fire discovered dairy building tower unknown damage covered insurance law quickly arranged temporary dairy room electric plant boiler afternoon milk processed usual larger dairy building planned closer railroad station faster shipping incorporated november law owned small parcels square mile village employed nearly residents developed village establishing schools churches parks lodge population grew encouraging law incorporate area village proposition presented mount pleasant october acre area population incorporated incorporated november year law son joined father brother henry managing farm company second village president office april governor general canada representative farm architect drove new_york_city toured farm guests according expressed approval ways law developed property primarily corporation rising property values falling agricultural development purchased farms totaling acres farms sides pine plains stanford road present day new_york state route began developing properties houses churches schools law general manager worked farms arranged purchases construction new power station buildings king ventilation system concrete dairy building cost farm feet barn feet deep feet diameter farm workers moved preliminary steps relocation primarily small final october transfer trains cattle rest cattle transferred day later farm main station pine plains manor automobile race mechanic crews driver crew weeks race law formed sell original property sold pine plains property died october new_york banker partners purchased acre farms property cattle dairy buildings million began breeding cattle farms farm remained known beef began herd cattle scotland enlarged breeding industry prominent united_states percent angus cattle stock hired knowledge livestock time farm acres cattle largest herd country began eighteen angus director international livestock farm international grand champion bull win grand champion twice livestock awarded county fair beef cattle cattle exhibited summer weighing pounds named grand champion steer grand champion bull farm 8th prize senior international livestock grand champion female 10th prize senior international farm impact number prefix seen acre portion farm east road sold named death farms changed hands number times beef feeding operation tried sell farm times nearly county zoo sold farmland million million hired advertised farm million million new_york_times wall_street_journal newspapers published time filed lawsuits fish game preserve pine plains farm claiming preserve operated private club liquor permit missed march payment bulk total payment farm requested evicted property returned lawsuit filed county court filed won state supreme court justice ordered vacate property remained sale locations manor farm overlooking hudson_river established hudson rivers hamlet corners present day miles manhattan location described healthy hilly portion swamps contaminated streams water original land plot miles long miles wide developed years farms including school farm encompassed acres old roads north road peak original location covered acres farm main barn near office building road housed horses farm lodge farm harness shops buildings located barn butcher shop site housing cattle housing cattle south end road barn housing cattle new york state route later boarding stable horses barn housing cattle road east present barn housing cattle near intersection farm large barn near new_york state route supplies including feed farm barn ice shed cool milk ice harvested primarily source supplemental source farm large supply store feed items southeast service station farms office personal office dairy building burned rebuilt following year incorporation construction municipal building office housed village government 1960s building redesigned rebuilt local union headquarters farm enclosed divided stone walls farm stones walls farm buildings office law house encouraged farms employees village selling square foot square foot plots land workers nominal price asked workers choose type house wanted built hold mortgage allow rent cottage law built wood framed cottages near farms steep roofs open floor space cottages standing road old road farm owned operated farm previously owned helped capture british major running farm nursery oaks trees early 1900s law purchased farms farms main farm cattle herd purchased house sold death headquarters ward pound ridge reservation county largest park provided boarding house road farm single men building modeled new_york_city feet long stories tall floor social hall meetings entertainment reading room equipped books newspapers magazines games large dining room private dining room kitchen bathroom marble basins clean upper floors seventy individual men showers floor resident barber farm workers required live boarding house number people wanting live exceeded space available rent month including room board laundry law frequently joined men meals visited boarding house farm workers performing orchestra brass band glee club opened christmas closed july conjunction farm relocation period months building moved lodge property adjacent lodge laundry building lodge campus school called boarding house classrooms staff housing autumn demolished building shortly new classroom building pine plains farms second location town initially covered acres farm miles hamlet adjacent shallow miles hudson_river pine plains farm built cost housing jersey cattle barn pine plains hamlet barn farther south town stanford operations farm utilized concept european country seat tenant farming established harness shops site addition butcher shop buildings centrally located manor house constructed tudor revival style farm office building lodge railroad station shared architectural style farm producers certified milk operated supervision farm producing litres milk daily average litres cow day farms largest dairy operations northeast according nebraska department agriculture largest owners dairy cows eastern farm dairy new_jersey walker gordon laboratory company branches principal cities farm jersey cattle selling breeds milk cents respectively farms sold cream percent cents jersey butter cents pound butter cents pound half farm herd consisted registered half high grade netherlands country reputation good farms nearly cows given time farm raised stock feeding cattle pounds dry feed twice day pasture green corn summer feed mixture percent percent crushed percent claimed best available farm required cow produce pounds milk percent pounds milk percent sold cow ate average seven pounds grain day varying pounds pasture winter pounds oil meal day free choice hay pounds daily depending size worker cleaned cattle daily analyzed farm milk weekly board health regulations new_york allowed million bacteria cubic centimeter milk milk commission limited bacteria farm milk minutes limiting bacteria counts chemical analysis milk performed month regulations required minimum percent required milk percent sold march analysis indicated farm milk percent richest product reported farm jersey cattle chickens ducks pigs sheep grew workers tending animals addition horses pigs included lived outdoors farm superintendent believed penned breeding summer allowed run woods year farm houses head assistants building feet spread property farm egg fed mix grains including wheat corn times day farm season eggs sold cents dozen demand exceeding supply sold pair farms raised spring primarily dressed internal organs removed farm sold apiece demand exceeded supply farm gardens grew variety crops adapting market included corn wheat sugar potatoes wheat straw hay corn farm rotated grain production grow better vegetables time farm acres sold cents bunch farms operated printing press office north farm office road print shop produced bulletin monthly week edited bottle caps dairy products sold products new_york_city new_jersey municipalities white plains company owned foot deep wells later housed equipment horses farms barn american syndicate producer dried milk product factory milk farm built factory power plant publication farm motto reported production pure food highest standard excellence publication reported motto unto cow cow unto saying motto appeared large letters barn farm notices printed farm began verse trade pride best earth shall old like verse decorated interior walls boarding house processing delivery peak farm delivered milk areas albany new_york_city cooled milk brought daily dairy processing building poured large tank forced compressed air minute pipes building second floor milk cooled strained times bottles sealed circles supervising commission certification date boxes ice entire process entering building took minutes contacting milk workers regularly live steam building free bacteria farm rooms white walls floors concave walls floors better cleaning milk bottles reused rotating wire hours heat farm products packaged milk cream butter sent night new_york new_york_city delivery day sold farm stores wagons farms stores new_york_city stores connecticut ferry farm new_york_city store manhattan fifth avenue 46th street office building fifth avenue 42nd street office produced advertisements new_york_times papers according ink advertised wealthy residents farm stores sold dairy products table water milk sent lunch room grand central station sic broadway sent seventeen new_york_city milk sold stores new_york free board farm supplied lodge cream milk butter eggs vegetables shipped products lined cases ocean going shipped nationwide day sunday shipping double order saturday farm milk processed milk cheese butter barn packaged mile rail shipment new_york_city advances wrote farms known mode treatment hand herd pronounced free cases doubt animals sacrificed farm best stock extensive experimenting products operation immediately removed cow appeared ill cattle farm years improve herd overall health according cows taken herd farm large light concrete floors cleaned daily date separating handling packing products law annual dollar cash awards workers september giving december included gentle cows careful feeding horses keeping stables clean delivery wagon house yard best garden truck best kept room farm emphasized commercial value virtues christmas eve orchestra played law spoke farm improvements year awarded prizes orchestra farm workers members law son farms intended prove optimal farming practices profitable law believed kind treatment produce better cattle animal abuse cruelty cow cruelty shall permitted farm knew lived farms farm workers knew cow brass plate cow stall cows times day workers wore white cotton suits daily boiling law treated workers intelligent workers laborers cow warm water brush sides flanks flank washed percent solution dried workers milk fine wire placed talking laughing smoking permitted behavior claimed effect milk workers required wash hands thoroughly cleaning cow worker set washed cared cows cattle early spring late autumn trained nurse hospital review said doubted large new_york area dairy farm chemist laboratory regular milk analysis dairy plant visitor observation area permitting viewing step farm dairy processing room separated viewing area glass doors cream second milk butter building shipping departments basement farms shipped milk cream pounds butter day students nurses new_york_city hospitals visited farm learn practices relation work farms reportedly chosen typical new_york industry available inspection farms primary operation dairy secondary agricultural product rose farm groups house west lodge produced decorations lodge law workers houses group commercial grew american beauty rose rare produced varieties day advanced time light steel frames glass unique exposure light newer feet held plants apiece roses earned million year sold winter cents shipped new_york_city lodge sponsored annual american beauty carnival golf tournament water sports bathing night diving dinner dance cinema program concert greenhouse propagated american beauty rose longer pointed brighter color registered rose village symbol village street signs uses rose symbol variety lost winter researched causes youth moving country cities develop efficient method attracting country examination agricultural needs year resulted meetings homes formation committee chaired included cutting jacob board trustees officers president seventeen trustees including law recognized authority scientific agriculture according new_york_times consulted later organized school director included school took shape provided land building september law committee established elevated acre site midway manor train stations road law leased acres worth acre years rate dollar year gave trustees build dormitory promised year expenses school earned profit trustees school opened committee focused curriculum school progress followed members public interested agricultural education founded school considered experiment goal open independent means young men women especially cities demonstrate higher values obtained land intelligent management develop taste rural life students trained garden farm operations year course short summer courses nature study offered academic year terms weeks vacation school allowed new students begin term september start considered desirable instruction offered agriculture cold storage chemistry geology physics agricultural land surveying soils drainage irrigation plant diseases stock fruit growing landscape practical school attempt provide general education work included caring orchard trees bush fruit greenhouse culture fruits vegetables jam making market use flowers harvesting marketing crops school farms students worked land tested milk cared variety animals students raised flowers vegetables fruit accompanied products cities marketing arranged school student access lectures museums tuition year board year instruction primarily weekday morning lectures laboratory work afternoon students worked school farm ensure continuous operation instructor supervision students attended followed cities ranging age high school education college school capacity students planned expand year met basement public school farms building completed provide housing farm building completed spring dedicated large building plain exterior wide halls lecture halls library laboratory office dining hall dormitory space staff members students grounds orchard working garden experimental houses farmhouse school faculty included director instructors nature study cold storage identical courses men women students required proficient english provide good references years age good health january year harvard_university wrote requesting admission school replied listed school class unable attend left harvard mother sudden death autumn relocation closure school location autumn purchased acre farm near permanent upstate location popularly known formally known school established said needed funds equipment land buildings school rented houses funds obtained build initially hoped raise million dollars raising million hoped million operate school director announced close property sold cutting presented plan carry plan devised school school funds donated students original school building known small year round hotel employee school opened miss school building destroyed fire school moved nearby moved long_island remaining feature building stone retaining wall current building built pastor fifth avenue baptist church building later occupied currently unused farm status pine plains farmland occupied breeding farm purchased acres beginning owns farmhouse farm built 19th century stand polo club 1980s stables farm equipment storage raising sporting birds housed original farmhouse survives catholic_church employee wood framed cottages stand similar houses roads farm dairy building owned company owns nearby building housed manor light power company avenue factory automotive restoration facility gallery | Briarcliff Farms | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
7799_Highlandcattle | highland cattle highland cattle scottish scots scottish cattle breed long horns long coats coloured black red yellow white silver looks white black nose raised primarily meat originated highlands western isles scotland mentioned 6th century herd book described distinct types highland cattle type exists registered exported worldwide hardy breed native environment highlands scotland results long hair giving breed ability weigh kilograms pounds cows kilograms pounds milk generally high content meat regarded highest quality gaining mainstream acceptance lower varieties beef breed characteristics unusual double coat hair outside outer hair longest cattle breed covering makes suited conditions highlands high annual rainfall strong winds skill foraging food allows survive steep mountain areas eat plants cattle avoid dig snow horns find buried plants mature weigh kilograms pounds cows weigh kilograms pounds cows typically height centimeters typically range centimeters mating occurs year gestation period approximately days commonly single born twins unknown sexual maturity reached eighteen months highland cattle longer expected lifespan breeds cattle years coat colors caused gene gene temperament milk high content traditionally house cows generally good animals protective young cold tolerance european cattle cope relatively low temperatures highland cattle described cold tolerant arctic dwelling conversely tolerant heat cattle originated adapted hot climates highland cattle successfully established countries winters substantially colder scotland norway canada social behaviour fold semi wild highland cattle studied period years found cattle clear structure hierarchy dominance reduced aggression social standing depended age sex older cattle dominant younger ones males dominant females young dominate adult cows reached years age ranking cow given higher social status despite minimal intervention mother mounting seen friendly contact breeding occurred june giving birth years old history development breed developed highlands western isles scotland types extinct cattle originally black reddish original cattle brought britain farmers highland cattle history dates 6th century written evidence dating 12th century herd book describes distinct types highland cattle originating islands conditions cattle tended smaller black coats rugged environment long hair type mainland tended larger provided richer nutrients came range colours frequently red types distinct difference early 20th century breeding stock exported parts world especially australia north_america estimated highland cattle united_kingdom scotland originally small farmers kept highlands house cows produce milk meat highland cattle registry herd book established oldest herd book world makes oldest registered cattle world group cattle generally called herd group highland cattle known fold winter cattle kept open shelters stone called protect weather night known scots ordered highland cattle kept castle kept today australia highland cattle imported australia mid-19th century scottish migrants scotland arriving victoria clan apparently drove highland cattle farm preceded scotland fortune victorian mayor melbourne kept small fold black highland cattle seen survived late 1800s believed died areas new_south_wales australian formed numbers growing exported new_zealand establish breed canada highland cattle imported canada 1880s honourable lord imported bull highland cattle nova_scotia canada 1880s numbers small 1920s large scale breeding began 1950s cattle imported exported north_america officially registered currently registers cattle canada end 1990s large embryo trade canada stopped largely mad cow disease united_kingdom today highland cattle mainly found eastern canada population highland cattle canada united_states_of_america combined estimated modern farming meat highland cattle tends beef highlands largely thick hair fat highland cattle produce beef reasonable profit land normally unsuitable agriculture profitable way produce highland beef poor pasture native land highlands scotland meat gaining popularity north_america beef low commercial success beef highland cattle tender market high quality meat declined address decline common practice breed highland cows favourable breed bull allows highland cattle produce beef tender beef mother shape commercial value slaughter beef cows inherit capabilities highland dams improved configuration modern beef bull produce high quality beef showing purposes highland cattle coats appearance apparent leads outside industry cows cows cows thick coats breed standard breed standard set guidelines ensure animals produced breeding facility conform standardized breed registered highland cattle conform breed standard created june main parts standard head neck body hair list main points breed standard judge judge cattle provided breed standard body wide eyes naturally horns trimmed commercial straight line body body rounded quarters wider legs short straight hair hair straight sources | Highland cattle | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
7920_CottonproductioninPakistan | cotton production pakistan cotton production integral economic development pakistan nation largely dependent cotton industry related textile sector crop given principal status country cotton grown industrial crop nation land monsoon months august known period grown smaller scale february april record production cotton reported million pounds form seed cotton rise compared previous season production wise pakistan occupied fourth position cotton world china india united_states order respect exports raw cotton pakistan holds position fourth consumption cent production largest cotton history earliest known historical traces cotton found near city making pakistan regions cotton cultivation cotton discovered threads copper burial site dated period threads subject analysis combination reflected light microscope scanning electron microscope revealing cotton genus cotton cultivation widespread covered parts present day eastern pakistan northwestern india evidence seeds traced clear belonged wild cultivated variety use cotton cloth cities dates cotton recorded mature period evidence cotton threads found tied handle mirror antiquity female burial site copper razor evidence cotton form flowering plant type similar mature period seeds late late late coloured pottery seeds fragments growing regions cotton purely crop major crops country known popular king cotton white gold forms primary input textile industry pakistan cotton integral pakistan economy according analysis report grown industrial crop nation land grown monsoon months august known period grown smaller scale february april cotton grown provinces accounting nation cotton growing land grown provinces total land area cotton cultivation reported hectares acres growing season generally small farmers land holdings hectares acres size form largest group farmers holding hectares acres account farms land holdings hectares acres cotton cultivation form farms according estimate million farmers total million sectors engaged cotton farming growing million hectares varieties farmers widely adopted cotton trial area approved use cotton non varieties cultivation varieties non varieties local varieties cotton grown area generally planted april july harvested august december production cotton serves base nation industrial sector production cotton reported record high million form seed cotton increase compared previous season phenomenal growth million million estimated figures showing increase million growth production rapid production rising million million tonnes called magic year pakistan cotton industry attributed better pest control measures use improved seed types increased use cotton textile industries integrated account textile mills oil cotton hybrids created crossing gene traditional varieties developed local firms dealing seeds province cotton grown million acres districts terms production pakistan fourth position cotton world china india united_states order raw cotton exported pakistan holds position world records consumption wise holds fourth position cent production largest cotton cotton produced country medium staple long staple cotton imported produce quality export medium staple cotton called standard medium staple cotton type staple length varying centimetres long staple relatively longer expensive fine country economic development largely dependent cotton industry related textile sector given principal status cotton country apart use form cotton thread cloth seeds oil extraction diseases affect yield cotton varieties cotton leaf virus plant virus family stunts plant growth seriously affecting yield like plants reducing yield exports exported season increase cotton textile industries play dominant role exports cotton accounts percent country export earnings pakistan share world cloth exports european_union granted plus status pakistan promoted textile exports legal framework safety regulatory system 18th amendment constitution pakistan functions provinces system unclear regard oversee approval new seed technologies context regulatory acts approval stage amendments seed act law according report passage laws crucial introduction new events | Cotton production in Pakistan | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
9108_WoollenindustryinWales | industry wales industry wales times country important industry struggled compete better funded mills north england disappeared 20th century continued demand quality welsh products wool processing includes removing wool quality spinning woven cloth finishing cloth pressing spinning weaving sheep wool dates prehistoric times wales important industry monasteries established 12th century water powered mills finish cloth enabled rapid expansion industry 13th century spinning weaving continued cottage industry early 16th century production shifted south wales mid north wales england took dominant role distributing welsh cloth 18th century strong demand cheap welsh material shipped bristol liverpool welsh ports slaves british colonies north_america west_indies industrial revolution welsh industry slow compared mills northern england railways reached mid wales 1860s brought flood cheap mass produced products destroyed local industry development opened growing market products water powered mills south west prospered world war time working wool mills industry went steady decline world war mills continue operate process sheep major social event welsh farms removed intact carefully folded easier sort different grades wool mill quality wool depends individual sheep sheep body wool taken common sheep hardy thrive cold wet conditions welsh highlands wool soft black grey red makes attractive staple length centimetres sheep prized quality produced valuable wool staple length centimetres raw wool soaked solution human water passed remove foreign matter completed process creating rolls wool called spun spinning machines introduced 19th century spun woven cloth finished washing drying pressing natural mid-19th century dyed wool dyed spun fabric dyed woven prehistoric early medieval times sheep farming wales dates prehistoric times evidence spinning weaving late prehistoric houses britain particularly later millennium finds include fabric weights bone arrangement post holes indicate supported example bronze age weaving found cave romans probably imported white breed characteristic welsh sheep today sheep time variable modern breeds carefully selected specific characteristics early days sheep wool collected sheep summer collecting tree rock excavations court important ruler 5th 6th centuries bones sheep found little spinning weaving 6th century writer thought lived wales mentioned mountains particularly suitable alternating animals refer seasonal movement flocks earliest mention britain 10th century welsh laws king pigs husband sheep wife summer pigs kept woods wife took sheep children highlands wife controlled dairy took cheese making equipment divorce remained option wales longer britain assumed woman deserved share medieval period middle ages sheep probably kept mainly milk wool meat sheep important welsh economy 12th century monasteries established wales founded monks order lord order built remote rural locations simple order expanded rapidly followed strata florida near monks granted extensive lands sheep grazing pioneers industry wales invention water powered mill later middle ages caused industrial revolution wales century preceded black death monastic landowners lords built mills eastern wales operating mill share building mill pond yard outside mill cloth stretched frames manufacturing main rural industries wales welsh cottages spinning wheel operated women parishes production personal use sale main centre new industry initially south east wales drawing sheep monasteries flocks family produced mills later established wales particularly north east valley period difficult plague heavy taxation pay war france average mills operational reduced number unsettled state country rising quality wool depended local breeds sheep 15th century south east wales produced particularly high quality wool noted excellent wool according wales specialized manufacturing coarse cloth usually hard wearing suited outer popular working men cloth places wales particularly south west northern southern guild mills operating location cloth sold locally border town markets yearly london welsh exported welsh ports bristol early 16th century cloth export mainly produced south wales shipped local ports century shift production mid wales north wales production exported tightly controlled trade welsh cloth makers lacked capital produced poor quality relatively low demand foreign trade wool thirds welsh exports west_indies american colonies found slaves productive clothed virginia stated good cotton answer best light insufficient main market demand colours limited charleston merchant ordered white green plains south_carolina negro act commended white welsh plains outlawed rich colourful materials discarded slave masters observer said purpose welsh covering poor west indies factories wales production home demand welsh cloth grew growing numbers people rural areas dependent industry finding spinning weaving gave larger stable income farming grew manufacturing centres example size 18th century decades 18th century great expansion production sales rose annually annual profit sales cloth shipped london later specialized atlantic port bristol main place welsh plains shipped atlantic time factors liverpool bristol took control trade away instead carrying cloth market towns factors came buy cloth factors extend credit poorer buy wool losing control trade port exported products worth world author wrote early days place possessed exclusively trade wales coarse kind cloth called welsh brought market held weekly dressed wool raised set people called time trade great fewer persons maintained occupation cloth sent chiefly america flanders peasants present greatest diverted channels thousand yards brought ancient coarse fine purchased monday principally enjoy branch commerce end century market ceased march company gave great room trading conducted report evans tour north wales said carried liverpool market liverpool dealers persons pay spot purchase makers assist poorer manufacturers money carry trade obliged country purchase articles small quantities farms cottages undergoing operation packed large sent liverpool london exported germany russia america industrial era 18th century transition way textile production workshops run businessmen technological revolution took longer wales england slow adoption machinery 18th century spinning home weaving village house machine mills report said chief staple nation large manufactured wool inhabitants buy quantities coarse wool mixed wool manufacture deep blue coloured cloth blankets home use apply somewhat spinning weaving supplying wearing annually send pieces blue cloth greater disposed exercise wheel parts south west inhabitants spirit industry add profits manufacture value raw material mill owners men records women mill owners wales men employees including man employees large spinning mills continued operate north 19th century example originally called mill built banks purchased mill expanded business products mills taken coast feet diameter wheel powered spinning woven cloth hand smaller feet wheel powered mill washed cloth wooden strengthen mill operation newer building mid wales spinning weaving factories built mid wales places water power available particularly upper towns size industrial towns english centres leeds lack capital factories went bankrupt trade turned steam power began yorkshire industry mills disadvantage nearby supplies coal weaving towns power parliamentary wrote makers facing competition lancashire imitation good welsh hand preferred power finer qualities experiments power newport abandoned welsh wool improved quality south devon wool best manufacture farmers especially employed agricultural labourers spinning weaving winter months noted principle total benefited county notorious mills county mainly water powered employing males females continuing grow despite competition reported engines mills nearly constantly operation town neighbourhood considerable employment number men dwellings began mail order business innovative time extremely successful london ran daily service special carry products station london mill owners invested heavily buildings steam powered machinery hoped railway reached towns access new markets fact railway caused mass produced goods northern england flood central wales called leeds wales went decline 1860s periods renewed prosperity purchased modernized factory advanced facility wales making plain coloured later industry went decline eventually manchester mills burned longer important industrial centre workers moved welsh manufacture survived reduced level 20th century montgomery area retained mills villages small towns continued northwest england took market share real speculated railway line instead connected south wales mid wales industry supported demand miners mills valley later 19th century industrial revolution valley came employ thousands river tributaries powered dozens mills sheep surrounding grassland supplied products established south wales weaving town response campaign democratic rights summer towns region founded societies convention held manufacturing declined mid wales 1860s weaving industry grew villages south west wales 1920s skilled workers moved mid wales mainly area railway opened large mills developed factories called wales wool industry village blankets products local sale export water powered factories south west completely dependent demand nearby workers preferred welsh goods compete mills northern england markets opened strengthened link rural south west industrial south industry flourished end world war high prices war time active mills mills valley hard hit drop purchasing power miners depression coal trade 1920s inter war period manufacturers adapt changes fashion forced close small clusters hand weaving survived places making quality goods said work fair living man rich number active mills dropped increasingly concentrated industrial centres invention double light caused significant growth demand welsh bought plant 1980s workers women plant closed march today commercial mills operation run small families producing traditional welsh cloth old demand products high entering industry acquired state named water powered mills open public include rock mill mill listed following active mills | Woollen industry in Wales | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
10735_SheilaVarian | august march arabian horses lived worked ranch near california grew strong interest horses local morgan horse introduced tradition western riding started horse ranch assistance parents raising training horses time occupation beginning influenced methods training horses adapted technique years fit character arabian horse viewed horse breed requiring smart gentle approach produced number influential arabian horses found significant number winning arabian horses united_states began breeding program small number bred national champion stallion bay acquired arabian farms poland time nation iron curtain horses united_states difficult bay formed foundation horses stud represent sixth generation stallion breeding line foundation mare lines produced generations offspring accomplishments received recognition awards organizations arabian horse industry contributions horse trainer tradition inducted diagnosed cancer sought place acre conservation protect land development announced partner purchase development rights allow long time ranch manager operate horse breeding program property gifted trust sold conservation running land trust try find buyer maintain arabian horse breeding program died march age early years grew california strong interest horses combined fondness horse books works henry black stallion series written credited books origin interest arabian horses given horse age rode obtained saddle age parents equestrian background supported interest horses allowing older sister freedom ride horses wanted matured feet tall stated struggled height young person found comfort riding horses troubles went away parents began farm credited parents helping believe wanted judgement gave confidence ability work horses worked team build horse business electrical contractor built fences managed land studied handled horses time ranch expanded acres young adult completed college taught high school physical education years running arabian ranch time job ranch self supporting short term assistance loans aunt promptly ultimately ranch grew acres horses preferred arabian breed interest appreciation people runs deep genes arabian wonderful willingness partner beautiful arabian horses let valued horses good athletic ability attractive appearance breed specific discipline instead describes breeding philosophy consistently continuing breed quality losing disposition athletic ability following principles produced influential arabian breed young developed interest finding perfect horse soon realized way achieve goal begin breeding horses arabian mare obtained finished bit horse won stock horse western pleasure championships loved cared mare neglected years prior purchased result underlying health damage died age seven mother purchased year old bay stallion named trained shown judges unanimous choice later won awards arabian english pleasure western pleasure awarded legion merit bred fully trained appear ring registered including champions national winners small number notable early champions daughter stallion mare second arabian purchased trained mare pair undefeated competition arabian horses went beat horses breeds win championship cow palace san_francisco california aware imported poland american bred believed cross major source good qualities looked polish bred arabian breed american bred poland time iron curtain nation horses directly america complicated accomplish goal sought assistance british horse traveled poland purchased behalf arrived california december purchased stud stud stud trained raced poland record record arrival usa brief successful horse career crossing bay imported polish proved particularly successful ranch bred generations horses descended foundation stood successive generations descended bay cross produced champions successor bay stallion twice stallion regional champion english pleasure time arabian industry little interest western disciplines competed horses english riding classes commented easily open horse english pleasure horse athletic english champions included bay brother gray stallion champion park horse best known offspring collectively earned nickname including sons considered finest successor dam daughter star won total seven national titles park horse competition purchased film producer arabian owner sons combined total champions subsequent generations continued pattern winning ring producing champion horses multiple disciplines leading national champions years likeness reproduced horse model turn son leading champions ranked leading arabian second national winners addition son 10th ranked leading arabian leading winning arabian horses ranked number following number tied fifth list addition years use outside leased young stallion breeding season use horses owned polish import sister polish import producing significant foundation mare dam requiring stallion closely related horses purchased brazilian previously incorporated program line tracing continued seek performance ability program mare trained saddle prove suitable riding animal originally work ranch names horses today bred horses registered capital letter ranch acknowledges importance letter mare start bred horses freeze branded logo training philosophy tradition horsemen cattle spanish mexico came california jesuit priest expeditions expedition region learned horse training methods derived tradition teens morgan horse cattle mary property called near land helped learn underlying principles training riding horses work cattle mountains introduced training methods ranch work including horse training hay truck repairs learned handle trained horses riding family finished named help learned recognize correct balance horses learning traditional methods training modified training methods twenties meeting introduced soft approach working horses methods additional influence training philosophy utilized influenced methods training horses believed modern bred horses need approach stating good horses like smart children need good instruction don need harsh instruction experts 21st century teaching equipment methods history strong interest history bit horse california elaborate complex bit properly highly trained horse handled skilled rider tradition use represents highest level trust communication horse rider process training bit horse takes seven years complete emphasis producing finely tuned working horse partner emphasizing quality quickly goal reached horse factor bit horse animal bred higher neck set carried head compared ride handling horse trained manner jaguar automobile traditionally method starts young horse uses heavy called instead bit control horse horse gains skill rider moves lighter transitional period training carrying type curb bit called half breed modified bit worn conjunction light rider carries sets set curb giving gear years horse graduates bit departed slightly tradition started young horses saddle age beginning bit sends signals young horse particularly sensitive disposition introduced traditional couple months transition began teaching neck allows horse ridden handed year horse light introduced young horse light half breed low port curb bit horse understood bit removed horse ridden curb bit ready bit point horse went introduced introduced horses bit age seven suitable temperament carry selected fully trained bit horse personal use particular horse stayed life sold considered people oriented horse breed horse leave food come noting hot breed viewed sensitive horses tolerate harsh handling strongly disagreed considered high spirited good trail horses emphasized teaching horses good manners horses took mountains viewed requiring smart gentle approach advocated trainers methods master horsemen philosophy especially suitable considered breed inherently gentle pointed horse hot kept stall hours day fed lot grain ridden explained nature arabian horses analogy comparing children ability delight bullied pushed legacy awards arabian ranch ranked multiple times leading arabian breeders winning horses ranked breeders based points earned horses shown competitions ranch calendar year breeding program ranked magazine time number english type western type arabian horses individual honored cup awarded individual consistently breeds outstanding horses arabian industry honored lifetime achievement award year inducted honored contributions horse trainer honor represented ways roots tradition year included western artist musician artist cowboy poet rider classic trick rider barrel november announced working place ranch conservation protect development begun project intent longtime ranch manager operate horse breeding program longer able longer able run ranch property gifted trust sold conservation running land attempts find buyer interested maintaining arabian horse breeding program diagnosed cancer died march age news death web site crashed high web traffic necessitating supporters trust set backup site donations conservation effort | Sheila Varian | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
12402_Poultry | birds kept humans eggs produce meat feathers pets birds typically members especially order includes chickens family order commonly known including domestic ducks domestic includes birds killed meat young known include similar wild birds hunted sport food known game word comes french norman word derived latin word means small animal took place thousand years ago originally result people hatching young birds eggs collected wild later involved keeping birds permanently captivity chickens kept songs soon realised useful having captive bred source food selective breeding fast growth egg laying ability plumage took place centuries modern breeds look different wild ancestors birds kept small flocks extensive systems birds available market today intensive commercial enterprises second widely eaten type meat globally eggs provides beneficial food containing high quality protein accompanied low proportion fat meat properly handled sufficiently cooked order reduce risk food poisoning definition word comes old french dealer word comes middle english old french latin young young animal chicken word origin old term kind bird captive raised utility traditionally word refer defined domestic including chickens ducks raised production meat eggs word flesh birds food lists bird groups includes guinea young breeding omitted japanese common added list frequently bred captivity released wild classic book history management included chapters guinea mute swan turkey types duck ducks types chickens including speech term near chicken bird languages distinguish words flesh birds distinguished game defined wild birds mammals hunted food sport word describe flesh eaten chickens chickens medium sized birds upright stance characterised red heads males known usually larger coloured exaggerated plumage females chickens ground dwelling birds natural surroundings search leaf litter seeds invertebrates small animals seldom fly result perceived danger preferring run approached today domestic chicken mainly descended wild red asia additional input grey believed taken place years ago thought chicken bones found northeastern china dated archaeologists believe originally purpose male bird fighter years ago chickens reached years later arrived egypt fighting regarded symbols fertility romans breakthrough learned difficult technique artificial keeping chickens spread world production food domestic valuable source eggs meat large number breeds chickens established exception white commercial birds hybrid origin chickens began kept larger scale modern high output farms present united_kingdom established united_states soon second world war mid-20th century meat producing industry greater importance egg laying industry breeding produced breeds strains different needs light framed egg laying birds produce eggs year fast growing birds destined consumption young age utility birds produce acceptable number eggs male birds unwanted egg laying industry identified soon hatch subsequent meat breeds birds prevent aggression resulting bird called tender meat small variety domestic chicken miniature version member standard breed true larger counterpart derives town java european sailors bought local small chickens supplies quarter size standard birds lay similarly small eggs kept small holders egg production use ornamental purposes showing said world oldest spectator sport originated persia years ago mature males set fight great critically injured killed breeds developed indian aggressive behaviour sport formed culture ancient indians chinese greeks romans large sums won lost depending outcome encounter banned countries century grounds cruelty animals ducks ducks medium sized aquatic birds broad bills eyes head fairly long short legs set far body feet males known larger females simply known ducks differently coloured breeds domestic ducks eating variety animal plant materials aquatic insects worms small amphibians grasses feed shallow water heads underwater tails domestic ducks heavy fly social birds preferring live groups plumage process spreads feathers clay models ducks found china dating indicate ducks took place culture case duck took place far_east years earlier west writing century advised sought rear ducks collect eggs raised way ducks lay aside wild nature breed shut bird pen despite ducks appear agricultural texts western_europe began mentioned alongside chickens rental payments tenants landowners widely agreed ancestor breeds domestic duck exception duck closely related ducks ducks farmed mainly meat eggs case chickens breeds developed selected egg laying ability fast growth covered common commercial breed united_kingdom united_states duck lay eggs year reach weight days western world ducks popular chickens produce larger quantities white lean meat easier making price chicken meat lower duck meat popular cuisine duck appears frequently mass market food industry things different east ducks popular chickens traditional way selected ability find sufficient food harvested rice fields wet environments years ago different wild species swan siberia thousand years later known chinese large base noticeable feature chinese present varying extent hybrids hybrids fertile resulted modern breeds despite early gained commercial importance chickens ducks domestic larger wild counterparts tend thick upright posture large bodies broad rear ends derived birds large meat chinese smaller frames mainly egg production fine valued use forage grass small invertebrates attractions ability grow thrive grass based system good memories allowed widely knowledge return home dusk chinese aggressive noisy guard animal warn flesh meat dark coloured high protein deposit fat fat contains birds killed weeks ages problems dressing occur presence developing pin feathers countries ducks force fed produce exceptionally high fat content production world production product occurs france lesser industries hungary bulgaria growing production china considered luxury parts world process feeding birds way banned countries animal welfare grounds large birds nearest relatives males larger females spreading fan shaped tails distinctive called hang courtship display wild fly seldom preferring run long trees forage ground feeding seeds nuts grass foliage invertebrates small snakes modern turkey descended subspecies wild turkey found present mexican states guerrero veracruz pre tribes south central mexico bird indians inhabiting united_states likewise feathers robes blankets ceremonial purposes years later important food source europeans encounter bird bird known turkey time introduced europe turkey commercial usually indoors controlled conditions large buildings purpose built provide ventilation low light reduces birds activity increases rate weight gain lights switched day range step wise light encourage birds feed grow rapidly females achieve slaughter weight weeks age males mature commercial birds twice heavy wild counterparts different breeds developed majority commercial birds white improves appearance dressed pin feathers visible time mainly consumed special occasions christmas million birds united_kingdom thanksgiving million birds united_states increasingly everyday diet parts world small medium sized coloured bird natural environment found places rough grassland agricultural crops places dense cover feeds seeds insects small invertebrates largely ground dwelling bird difficult wild instincts retained captivity known long arrival chickens depicted migrated egypt vast flocks birds picked ground hand common modern flocks japanese probably early 11th century japan originally kept thought regularly song contests early 20th century japanese breeders began breed increased egg production egg industry events world war led complete loss lines bred song type bred egg production war surviving rebuild industry current commercial laboratory lines considered originated population modern birds lay upward eggs year countries japan india china italy russia united_states established commercial japanese farming industries japanese research fields nutrition physiology studies closely related common young hybrid birds released wild year wild populations guinea originated southern africa species kept medium sized grey bird small naked head colourful time ancient greeks romans guinea hardy birds mainly insects consume grasses seeds vegetable garden clear eat carry disease happily trees loud vocal warning approach predators flesh eggs eaten way chickens young birds ready table age months given young domestic destined table like birds purpose descended rock special utility breeds desirable characteristics eggs laid days hatch fed parents milk thick high protein produced crop grow rapidly slow ready leave nest days weighing time adult laid pair eggs prolific pair produce weeks breeding season lasting months farming worldwide chickens kept type billion birds raised year source meat eggs traditionally birds kept extensively small flocks foraging day housed night case developing countries women important contributions family keeping rising world populations led bulk production larger intensive specialist units situated close feed grown near meat needed result cheap safe food available urban communities production depends price feed rising high feed costs limit development production free range birds freely outdoors day large birds access natural conditions exhibit normal intensive system birds access yard house higher rate kept barn system access open air ability freely inside building intensive system egg laying chickens battery set multiple tiers birds share small cage ability behave normal manner eggs laid floor cage roll outside ease collection battery illegal january chickens raised meat known breeds developed grow acceptable size weeks grow fast legs support weight hearts respiratory systems able supply oxygen developing muscles mortality rates higher laying birds weeks reach similar weights processing birds automatically belt efficiency hung feet stunned killed heads feet removed washed drained weighed packed course little hours intensive free range farming animal welfare concerns intensive systems feather vent common farmers measure diseases common spread rapidly flock extensive systems birds exposed adverse weather conditions vulnerable predators disease carrying wild birds barn systems found worst bird welfare southeast_asia lack disease control free range farming associated shows countries national regional shows held enthusiasts exhibit birds judged certain breed traits specified respective breed standards idea exhibition originated illegal way maintaining competitive element breed standards drawn egg laying meat type purely ornamental birds aiming shows general livestock shows separate events annual national championship united_kingdom organised food trade second widely eaten type meat world accounting total meat production worldwide compared pork sixteen billion birds raised annually consumption half factory like production units global meat production rose million tonnes largest producers united_states china brazil european_union distinct models production european_union supply chain model seeks supply products traced farm origin model faces increasing costs implementing additional food safety requirements welfare issues environmental regulations contrast united_states model turns product world production duck meat million tonnes china producing thirds total billion birds notable duck producing countries far_east include vietnam thailand malaysia indonesia south_korea total france largest producer west followed nations north_america china far largest producer guinea meat share million global market global egg production expected reach million tonnes surpassing previous years egg production growing globally year growth slowed nearer cuts available fresh frozen birds joints cuts bone seasoned ways raw ready cooked parts bird flight muscles chest called breast meat walking muscles legs called thigh wings eaten buffalo wings popular example united_states split segments called flat wing tip called japan wing frequently separated parts referred wing base wing tip dark meat refer red muscle sustained activity chiefly walking case chicken dark colour comes protein plays key role oxygen storage cells white muscle contrast suitable short bursts activity chickens flying chicken leg thigh meat dark breast meat makes primary flight muscles white birds breast muscle suitable sustained flight ducks red muscle dark meat cuts meat including expose microscopic regular structure muscle light produce colours optical phenomenon called structural health disease humans meat eggs provide beneficial food containing protein high quality accompanied low levels fat favourable mix chicken meat contains times fat types red meat measured weight chicken breast lower serving baked chicken breast contains fat protein compared fat protein portion lean skirt study showed meat sold united_states grocery stores contaminated bacteria concerned showed resistance groups thorough cooking product kill bacteria risk cross contamination improper handling raw product present risk present consumers meat eggs products contaminated bacteria handling processing marketing storage resulting food borne illness product cooked handled general disease birds caused bird specific virus normally transferred people people contact live greatest risk infected virus particular concern areas southeast_asia disease endemic wild bird population domestic infected virus possibly highly infectious humans cause bacteria grown laboratory nutrient culture media need living cells replicate infectious diseases grown chicken eggs millions eggs year generate annual flu requirements complex process takes months decision strains virus include new problem eggs purpose people egg unable disadvantage overcome new techniques cell based egg based culture available cell based culture useful difficult acquire sufficiently large quantity suitable sterile fertile eggs | Poultry | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
12446_Vegetable | vegetable everyday usage vegetable plant consumed humans food meal term vegetable somewhat arbitrary largely defined cultural tradition normally food derived plants fruits nuts grains includes seeds original meaning word vegetable biology describe types plant terms vegetable kingdom vegetable matter originally vegetables collected wild hunter entered cultivation parts world probably period new agricultural way life developed plants grew locally cultivated time went trade brought exotic crops add domestic types vegetables grown world climate permits crops cultivated protected environments suitable locations china largest producer vegetables global trade agricultural products allows consumers purchase vegetables grown countries scale production varies farmers supplying needs family food vast single product crops depending type vegetable concerned harvesting crop followed grading storing processing marketing vegetables eaten raw cooked play important role human nutrition low fat high minerals fiber governments encourage citizens consume plenty fruit vegetables portions day recommended etymology word vegetable recorded english early 15th century comes old french originally applied plants word sense biological contexts derives growing plant change late latin meaning meaning vegetable plant grown food established 18th century word specifically mean plant cultivated food edible root year noted use shortened slang term word vegetable scientific technical contexts different broader meaning related plants general edible vegetable matter vegetable kingdom vegetable origin etc terminology exact definition vegetable vary simply parts plant consumed food worldwide roots stems leaf stems leaf leaves flowers fruits seeds definition word use mean matter plant origin distinguish animal meaning matter animal origin specifically vegetable defined plant food secondary meaning edible plant precise definition plant consumed food fruit seed including mature fruits eaten main meal falling outside definitions mushrooms edible fungi edible parts green plants treated vegetables everyday language words fruit vegetable mutually exclusive fruit precise botanical meaning developed flowering plant considerably different word meaning fruit senses items commonly called vegetables bell tomatoes fruits question fruit vegetable found way court ruled unanimously correctly identified vegetable purposes imported produce court acknowledge speaking fruit history advent agriculture humans hunter edible fruit nuts stems leaves dead animals hunted living ones food forest tropical jungle clearing thought example agriculture useful plant species identified encouraged grow undesirable species removed plant breeding selection strains desirable traits large fruit vigorous growth soon followed evidence grasses wheat found middle_east likely peoples world started growing crops period agriculture continues day rural farmers africa asia south_america plots land produce food families surplus produce exchange goods recorded history rich able afford varied diet including meat vegetables fruit poor people meat luxury food ate dull typically comprising mainly staple product rice wheat addition vegetable matter provided variety diet staple diet central_america cultivated tomatoes beans seeds supplement peru potatoes higher altitudes seeds diet tomatoes rice staple crop south wheat north vegetables accompany included beans broad beans spring diet ancient based bread contaminated sand wore away teeth meat luxury fish plentiful accompanied range vegetables including broad beans diet bread accompanied goat cheese fish occasionally meat vegetables grown included thick wheat beans accompanied green vegetables little meat fish romans grew broad beans ate leaves roots common vegetables nutrition health vegetables play important role human nutrition low fat filling supply important sources essential minerals trace elements particularly important vegetables included diet found reduction cancer stroke disease chronic research shown compared individuals eat fruits vegetables day eat approximately percent lower risk developing heart disease stroke content vegetables varies considerably contain useful amounts protein generally contain little fat varying proportions minerals vegetables contain great variety non nutrient plant compounds claimed properties vegetables contain interfere absorption nutrients include etc acid natural defenses ward insects predators fungi attack plant beans contain roots contain bamboo shoots adequate cooking green potatoes contain avoided fruit vegetables particularly vegetables implicated nearly half caused united_states foods commonly eaten raw contaminated preparation infected food important handling foods eaten raw products need properly cleaned handled stored limit contamination recommendations guidelines americans recommends consuming fruit vegetables daily total consumed vary according age gender determined based standard portion sizes typically consumed general content potatoes included count mainly providers vegetables vegetable serving half cup eaten raw cooked single serving typically cup variety products chosen single fruit vegetable provides nutrients needed health international guidelines similar ones established japan example recommends consumption vegetables daily french recommendations provide similar guidelines set daily goal india daily recommendation adults grams vegetables day production cultivation vegetables human diet time staple foods adding variety meals unique time adding nutrients necessary health vegetables usually harvested year planting system growing crops cultivation follows similar pattern preparation soil removing burying adding organic seeds planting young plants tending crop grows reduce competition control provide sufficient water harvesting crop ready storing marketing crop eating fresh ground different soil types suit different crops general temperate climates sandy soils dry fast warm quickly spring suitable early crops heavy retain moisture better suitable late season crops growing season lengthened use plastic regions production vegetables constrained climate especially pattern rainfall temperate zones constrained temperature day length domestic scale fork tools choice commercial farms range mechanical equipment available include drills irrigation equipment new techniques changing cultivation procedures involved growing vegetables computer monitoring systems gps self steer programmes machines giving economic benefits harvesting vegetable harvested cut source water continues loses moisture process noticeable green crops harvesting root vegetables fully mature improves storage life alternatively root crops left ground harvested extended period harvesting process seek damage crop dried days field root crops potatoes benefit short maturation period warm moist surroundings time wounds heal skin marketing storage grading needs remove damaged goods select produce according quality size color storage vegetables benefit proper post harvest care large proportion vegetables foods lost harvest storage period losses high thirty percent developing countries adequate cold storage facilities available main causes loss include caused moisture micro organisms storage short term long term vegetables short term storage days provides flexibility marketing storage vegetables lose moisture rapidly products potatoes better keeping qualities sold higher prices available extending marketing season greater total volume crop sold storage available priority crops store high quality produce maintain high humidity level produce shade proper post harvest storage aimed extending ensuring shelf life best effected efficient cold chain application cold storage particularly useful vegetables potatoes tomatoes temperature depending type produce temperature controlling technologies require use electricity cooling storage fruit vegetables controlled high levels carbon dioxide high oxygen levels growth extend storage life vegetables agricultural produce radiation preserve infection insect damage physical deterioration extend storage life food noticeably changing properties preservation objective preserving vegetables extend availability consumption marketing purposes aim harvest food maximum state value preserve qualities extended period main causes deterioration vegetables gathered actions naturally occurring caused micro organisms canning freezing commonly techniques vegetables preserved methods generally similar value comparable fresh products regards minerals fiber canning process vegetables micro organisms present killed heat sealed air prevent subsequent deterioration lowest necessary heat minimum processing time order prevent mechanical breakdown product preserve flavor far possible able stored ambient temperatures long period freezing vegetables maintaining temperature prevent short period temperature required longer term storage action merely suitably sized prepared vegetables freezing prevents developing micro organisms killed temperatures vegetables promptly present traditionally sun drying products tomatoes mushrooms beans spreading produce racks turning crop intervals method suffers including lack control drying rates drying slow contamination dirt rain attack birds insects solar powered dried produce prevented moisture storage high levels sugar salt preserve food preventing micro organisms growing green beans pods salt method preservation vegetables vegetables boiled sugar create jams widely food preservation sufficient concentration acid prevents development destructive micro organisms fact use preparation method preserving vegetables later use relies acid bacteria produce compounds growth micro organisms producers china largest vegetable producing nation half world production india united_states turkey iran egypt largest producers china highest area land devoted vegetable production highest average yields obtained spain standards sets international standards ensure products services safe reliable good quality number standards fruits vegetables lists botanical names species plants vegetables common names vegetables english french russian covers storage transport vegetables derived products | Vegetable | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
13775_Gallowaycattle | cattle world longest established breeds beef cattle named region scotland originated 17th century found parts world canada usa australia found parts world exported canada australia breed enjoyed success 1950s subsided foot mouth crisis today breed enjoying revival demands beef market breed considered average size thick coat climate native scotland etymology ancient region located south west scotland word derived words south scotland history breed comes cattle native south west region scotland fully developed 17th century originally variation breed including different colours patterns original herd book registered black cattle gene red colour persisted population eventually allowed herd book result black common colour red shades formed introduced canada registered registry introduced usa cattle registered american herd book created formed recognise coloured cattle met outrage ban later lifted cattle introduced australia 1950s breed enjoyed success beef market demanded low input feed cattle high quality meat crisis commonly referred mad cow disease caused export ban cases found cattle created fear associated cattle breed numbers declined recent years seen changes bigger demanded issue size featured circles causes great debate adjustments adoption today breed original characteristics demand demand high quality meat requires economical production characteristics average cow weigh pounds average bull weighing pounds healthy birth weight pounds thick double layered coat thick coat hair bodies minimal outer layer fat bodies create waste slaughter coat sheds summer months warmer climates despite animal usual use beef production evidence cumberland cheese production naturally instead horns bone skull called poll breed coat thick warmth guard hairs help shed water making adapted climates population thought breed number fewer cattle world located specifically scotland breed rare united_states livestock class breed watch societies new zealand | Galloway cattle | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
13853_TennesseeWalkingHorseNationalCelebration | tennessee walking horse national celebration tennessee walking horse national celebration known celebration largest horse breed held annually near tennessee inception celebration conceived horse trainer horsemen felt area festival annual event celebration originally held tennessee moved county seat years later celebration spans days nights late august early september annually finishes saturday night labor day draws estimated horses spectators year history founded resident went winchester tennessee buy hay observed held felt similar festival proposed idea group fellow horsemen accepted celebration held began parade elaborate depicted evolution breed original use utility horse present use horse celebration attracted people celebration later moved located miles southeast nashville space issues small unable cope volume visitors horses attracted known modern celebration spans days late august early september prior labor day year finishes saturday night labor day draws estimated horses spectators million revenue year notable winners horse named world grand champion jim jim horse years old time win jim world grand champions notable winner world grand champions merry boy known producing desirable tennessee walker type offspring stake traditionally class won mare gray mare white star owned ridden crowned incidentally year old moss youngest rider win stake female rider win world grand championship betty oldest rider win year old rpm horses won stake years time winners history celebration talk town controversies celebration criticized allegations horses event abusive practice designed horses step higher illegal federal law sponsors celebration consistently denied allegations horse entered celebration undergo inspection designed detect horses conducted employed inspector horse allowed use like tools direct pressure area foot find source pain leg tools detect signs horses concerns escalated trainers initially trainers refused submit horses inspection creating stand required law enforcement intervention prior world grand championship finals disqualified finalists group approximately people gathered demanding disqualified horses allowed citing safety concerns management cancelled class altogether crowned year venue classes held acre encompasses facility contains arenas warm areas outdoor arena seating including box seats classes indoor arena seating small classes case rain features wide variety classes hand performance including divisions youth professionals horses shoes performance flat classes particularly popular amateur owners train horses classes children crowd favorite horses entered registered registered associations double registration affect horse ability enter celebration exception rule competing lead line classes world championships awarded different classes course celebration anticipated class world grand championship largest honor tennessee walking horse breed competition celebration traditionally opened night white gray tennessee walking horse rider carrying american flag singing american national anthem course celebration prizes given celebration includes attractions dog barn contest world grand championship world grand championship known rider cup final class celebration held late saturday night labor day early sunday morning compete stake horses qualify showing class saturday night previous world grand champions automatically eligible compete competing horses enter arena song flat walk composed played official horses required perform flat walk running walk twice separate riders horses judges evaluate winner announced spotlight sweeping forth line horses settling winner awarded prize money | Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
15087_JohnParkinson(botanist) | botanist buried august great english great english james founding member december later royal botanist known monumental works sole park sun terrestrial paradise generally describes proper cultivation plants botanical theatre theatre plants complete beautifully presented english treatise plants time eminent day kept botanical garden today close maintained close relations important english continental life born spent early life yorkshire moved london age years apprentice rising ranks eventually achieved position james founding member december served society governing body addition assisted society obtaining grant arms preparing list stocked committee published london new science botanist distant descendant author new popular biography asserts charles bride maria france came age years live james palace took role introducing young queen sophisticated circles summed experience writing sole park sun terrestrial paradise park sun pun explanatory subtitle garden sorts pleasant flowers english permit natural dedicated work called speaking garden queen called work earliest important treatise published england hunt catalogue described complete picture english garden beginning seventeenth century delightful literary style present day actively sought new varieties plants contacts abroad financing plant hunting expedition north_africa introduced seven new plants england england grow great double yellow spanish illustration kind year raising flowering garden roman catholic evident sole introduction saw botanical world expression divine creation believed gardens man recapture nonetheless short french poem foot title page warned having excessive regard efforts tries compare art nature gardens measures stride elephant stride flight eagle struggles catholics compelled low profile attend parish church height success english civil war tore family apart london house hill botanical garden suburban long acre district market gardens today close square known garden based study writings suggested acres size probably surrounded wall eighty types plant recorded having grown garden hampshire botanist gathered seeds called eminent day maintained close relations important english continental elder close friend known belonged generation began extraordinary new plants coming levant virginia broadly speaking writings frequently mentioned long acre garden praised abilities edited presented papers spent final years life supervising gardens 11th baron died summer buried london august commemorated central american genus trees sole inspired children writer write story mary meadow published november march aunt magazine produced mother story children read sole inspired create garden magazine received favourable correspondence story july suggested society formed objects society search old garden flowers scarce exchange seeds plants plant waste places hardy flowers books members try prevent rare wild flowers garden treasures work sole describes proper cultivation plants general sections flower garden kitchen garden orchard garden include specific growing instructions type plant start main section provides instructions ordering type garden advising laying garden tools soil improvement planting types plants included type garden contains illustrations plants page plates original german artist appear copied works sole hinted hoped add fourth section garden medicinal herbs delivered promise great book monumental botanical theatre theatre plants published age years release work delayed popularity edition book pages text describes plants complete beautifully presented english treatise plants day work describe native plants grew near middlesex home plants welsh poppy lady common gone unnoticed intended book reliable guide remained years death presented work charles conferred title royal botanist rank came salary published works john sole garden sorts pleasant flowers english kitchen garden manner orchard trees land right planting preserving uses london london printed bread street hill retrieved december copies title page printed dated later editions john sole garden sorts flowers nature place birth time names plant useful admired beauty furnished manner herbs roots fruits meat sauce london printed sold shop going cheap john garden pleasant flowers description familiar english garden flowers famous collection john london john sole reprinted edition london retrieved december john sole etc english experience amsterdam edition title page copies library john sole etc new_york dover publications isbn edition john garden pleasant flowers new_york london dover publications constable isbn john large extent containing ample exact history declaration herbs plants hundreds new rare strange plants parts world hitherto published large demonstration authors written confidence probable true plants distributed classes tribes nature property notes inserted collected years industry experience subject london published london john fragment large extent john large gallery | John Parkinson (botanist) | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
16373_VanillaproductioninFrenchPolynesia | production french production contributes local economy french major export crop introduction french longer significant export product introduced french french export crop later important cash crop development island economy early 20th century production greater today tons produced annually plantations employing sizable percentage population years production influenced factors declined high tons yield tons largest concentration variety situated island known island produces french background cross strain mexican produced french especially hawaii pods fewer seeds direct competitor mexican exclusively base extract higher levels primarily like scent products include green tea oil powder based history originally crop endemic south_america introduced french french commander pacific admiral delivered dozen specimens plant governor garden new variety subsequently developed area came popularly known special characteristics compared varieties grown parts world particularly respect taste scent resulted greater demand variety introduction occurred year france french years major export united_states france britain initially plantations owned french mainland later local learned processes major producers crop native families involved growth seed pod 20th century chinese came initially labor plantations primary actors processing crop marketing making crop available international market farms owned people french native origins production grown small patches land single crop inter crop needs lot water growth largely grown island initially planted small trees grow height point cut closer soil spreads ground starts flower years old flowering period july august production initially export reached high tons decreased tons metric onset world war exports gradually increased war tons started decline tons export ineffective produce international competition costs transportation processed exchange rates state plant varying global economics availability cheaper varieties affected economics production area centre experimentation established goal reviving economy launched overcome faced economy large production economy cornerstone time effort spark innovation new growing techniques emphasis shifted shade house cultivation intensive labour required controlled indoor climate reduction chemicals necessary outdoor farming controlled growth resulted export record tons present day production largely locally utilized view status symbol cultural identity pride promotional actions instituted government act pride boost production served airline board meal infused production records french specifically accounted total world production tons area hectares acres yield comparative tons yielded plantations madagascar tons yielded indonesia plantations open tourists instance near permits visitors view preparation drying processes island offers tour conducted private outfit takes visitors older plantations situated | Vanilla production in French Polynesia | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
19154_PolledDorset | polled polled breed sheep developed meat refers fact variation breed polled result genetic offspring certain ram grew horns years breeding work strain developed lost characteristic horns bred true polled white medium sized sheep prolific able breed season muscular good adults produce thick free dark fibers development number registered united_states grown exceed number horns sheep easier handle risk hurting polled confused australian poll breed start genetic resulted introduction blood breeding program history farm north_carolina years normal breeding program farm bred eventually gave birth twin regular brother born polled horns genetic polled born official given true polled sheep named accordance naming system started breeding program research testing confirm polled carried characteristics able pass traits formed registered polled sheep livestock scientists late late credited identifying developing sheep offspring bought breeders years seventy percent registered polled success polled considered second popular sheep breed united_states polled strain developed australia 1900s result genetic resulted introduction blood polled medium sized sheep long lived prolific heavy produce hardy moderate growth maturity yield heavily white strong close free dark fiber extends legs averages pounds seventy percent staple length ranges inches count fiber diameter ranges maturity weigh pounds weighing condition mature range weight pounds noted ability bred year commonly produce females season breeding breeds characteristic multiple common work commercial operations including programs specifically slaughter known terminal suitable slaughter breeding purposes breed commercial spread canada major contributor commercial lamb industry breed confinement readily accelerated programs polled thrive grass based conditions suitable small farms intensely managed polled versus ancient breed likely developed sheep lived valleys southwestern england sheep imported united_states national flock book formed today found varieties globally polled horn variety horns polled variety horns polled ideal commercial settings horns caught fencing cause damage butt polled popular white faced breed north_america common listed threatened united_states essence difference breeds horns | Polled Dorset | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
20051_AvondaleAgriculturalResearchStation | thirteen research farms stations operated western_australia addition research historical buildings farming equipment museum operates agriculture education centre introducing primary school children farming teaching history western_australia situated land joins kilometres northwest located land originally granted governor western australia captain later admiral sir captain grants combined additional land purchases known expanding excess acres km2 april remaining acres km2 passed initially continued involvement research activities commenced 1930s laboratory successful research western_australia celebrations machinery museum built buildings restored original condition early farm years november expedition led governor joined party led surveyor general king george sound arrangement parties return colony alternative route route intended join settlements king george sound york colony newly established settlement williams expedition passed area sighting granite hill december primary reference point surveying region surveyor returned area principal reference watson map number lots area including western boundary town site lots surveyed location acres km2 acres km2 location given captain location given governor harbour master paid salaries colony given land grants compensation services current equipment engaged determine exact location original holdings commented remarkable accuracy watson survey years sold grant land september carey entered lease agreement december governor grant included carey purchasing property end lease carey purchased acres km2 west location received additional grant land land formed property acres km2 size named late 1840s carey moved leaving operated unknown carey death march inherited year old grand nephew arrived took residence assumed land title pastoral property arrival years sections estate sold fund development period house expanded stable built included horse stalls hollow walls overhead hollow walls enable feed directly feed stall remaining acres km2 sold brothers purchased adjoining properties adding acres km2 enlarged acres km2 offered sell acre government countered offer acre accepted purchased march agricultural land purchase act total equivalent approximately butcher brothers farming operations continued january government began preparations subdivision sent april locate improvements draw subdivision lines following existing fencing possible arrival sparked considerable controversy set camp golf course golf club leased acres joined edge town investigations found lease terminated land sold hall divided substantial size farms boundaries remained unchanged acres occupied golf course small lots subdivided calculated sale lots return expenses estate land available december substantial lots taken settlers unable pay acre price lot taken father mining magnate george brother richard took lot lot taken lot taken premier sir proceeded london plans agent general newton offer prospective settlers lots number telegram inquiries availability lots sent record lots allocated london remaining substantial lots taken november suggested remaining responsible continuing farm remaining lots left lot known available farmer tried lease losing property drought unable negotiate acceptable rate december brothers abandoned lots abandoned lot known exactly leaving acres km2 lot private hands outbreak world war plans abandoned near end community requested subdivided lots returning soldiers suggested nursery soldiers given small succeed given larger grants state july decided lots available servicemen area acres km2 included area homestead remain control original homestead block faced uncertain future years given initially intended production pure seed wheat little produced years assembly holding ground dairy cattle prior sent group settlers state period built capacity tonnes heritage listed local farming community raised concerns cattle unsuitable area concerns immediately addressed turned seed production research research began application alternatives timing application initial results published research like disease originated region years spread state farming districts flock losses generally reported cases loss professor identified disease origin unable establish source appointed state commenced immediate investigation disease open space department city offices house sheep needed research field laboratory built flock sheep purchased enable feed experiments identified cause disease knowledge able develop infectious efforts received sheep populations required afforded additional research opportunities years experiments conducted object determining best produce prime export investigated breeds cross breeds determining cross bred significantly productive pure bred teamed state botanist study toxic effect native plants species sheep collect plants supply fresh feed sheep confirmed species plants poisonous native genera based later research published toxic plants western australia investigations effects male mechanical compared knife methods replaced rubber rings experiment sheep concluded significant differences respect mortality maturity rates meat quality began research mid-1930s sheep flocks initial research effects wool growth followed research investigations sheep experiments years 1940s studied value hay pasture sheep ongoing results studies hay production western_australia published world war farm provided research farming western_australia suitable location growing varieties crown early variety italian early mid season variety discovered susceptible greater damage occurring later season early trails ddt said promising results efforts pioneering development use banks equipment required team horses labourers 1950s monitored sheep flocks research strain livestock feed effect fertility 1960s 1970s involved breeding trial crops use western_australia early 1980s focused environmental sustainable farming farm income supplemental alternatives like farming like western australian farms utilised horses particular pulling farming equipment farm economics 1930s meant weren retired enjoy governments grassy letter agricultural minister details disposal horses longer useful regard horses station old incapable work request approval animals instead destroyed station available zoo authorities lions food letter details responsible freight minister approved transaction follow bay note description lions food freight practice continued 1950s replaced use horses farming opening museum utilised demonstrations old equipment horse sold pets incapable working present preparations western_australia celebrations decided restore historic farm original state display achievements western australian farmers response announcement farmers state responded donations old machinery equipment machinery restored mechanics invitation visit open agricultural displays sent accepted march officially opened commemorative tree planting near entrance farm farm continues research improving farming farm practices western australian conditions displays open public picnic facilities available included displays original homestead stables complete machinery shed road maintained farm information boards explaining current usage | Avondale Agricultural Research Station | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
20222_Cowtipping | cow cow purported activity sleeping upright cow pushing entertainment practice cow generally considered urban legend stories feats viewed tall tales rural citizens seek entertainment lack alternatives viewed stereotype concept cow apparently developed 1970s tales animals rise fall historical dating cows routinely lie easily regain sick injured scientific studies conducted determine cow theoretically possible varying conclusions agree cows large animals difficult surprise generally resist attempts tipped estimates suggest force lbf needed possibly fourteen people required real life situations cattle laid ground cast branding care treatment rope restraints required specialized mechanical equipment confines cow tips rare occasions cattle lie fall proximity ditch hill normal ability rise help cow references popular culture figure speech scientific study urban legend cow relies cattle slow moving dim weak legged easily pushed force versions suggest cows sleep standing possible approach push animals reacting cows sleep lightly standing easily awakened lie sleep deeply furthermore numerous sources questioned practice feasibility cows weigh half ton easily resist lesser force study led zoologist student concluded cow require force nearly lbf impossible accomplish single person calculations found require people apply force push cow based estimate single person exert lbf force cow suggested people likely needed cattle aware surroundings difficult surprise excellent senses smell hearing analysis found cow principles static physics suggest people able tip cow centre mass pushed cow react cows rigid faster humans force exert concluded unlikely cows actually tipped way stated makes physics opinion impossible agrees force push standing cow biologist thinks study pushing ability individual human data estimated humans exert pushing force suggests applying force height cow generate maximum push calculation people needed tip non reacting cow combined force requirement says greatest prank standing cows asleep like animals cow widen stance overall shift center gravity says needed challenge deploy cow historical origins belief certain animals rise pushed historical cattle classified recorded belief european knee joints fell said hind legs animal called 19th century said merely noted belief legs false france gave elephant england tower london drawing historian seen cambridge accompanying text cites elephant lore suggesting elephants knees unable fell journalist believes american urban myth cow originated 1970s 80s says movies like featured cow expeditions stories cow tend second hand says told claim tipped cow knows says practices cattle need deliberately thrown tipped certain types practices medical treatment medical purposes called casting performed mechanical assistance requires attachment feet rope body legs animal rope secured non slip knots pulled rear animal balance cow forced lie chest rolled legs tied prevent kicking table cradle called table throw relatively modern invention designed branded run confined tipped equipment easier branding hydraulic tilt tables adult cattle existed 1970s designed lift tip cattle sides enable care particularly animals maintenance unlike horses cows generally cooperate standing canadian explained table safer easier trying underneath examine animal noted cows tipped table usually stop struggling calm fairly quickly design developed included cow comfort unique aspect care type apparatus cows tip inadvertently bulk relatively short legs cattle roll lie roll sides feet pointing stuck unable rise assistance potentially fatal results cases humans roll flip cow feet aimed downhill allowing rise documented case real life cow pregnant cow rolled new_hampshire trapped inverted state rescued volunteer fire fighters owner cow commented seen happen twice trauma illness result cow unable rise feet animals called occurs result muscle nerve damage disease leg injuries muscle tears massive infection sort causes cows encouraged feet greater chance recovery unable rise survived medical care long days ultimately able feet appropriate medical treatment cow prevent injury includes rolling hours careful frequent feeding small amounts fodder access clean water death dead animals appear tipped actually process muscles beginning hours death lasting days particularly noticeable limbs stick straight post occurs gas formation inside body process result cattle wind feet air popular culture individuals claimed performed cow influence alcohol claims date reliably verified pushed artificial cows chicago michigan avenue apparently drunk men cows cows parade public art exhibit removed wow cow sculpture chair oak street beach abandoned pedestrian year later new_york_city anchored art cows including named desire concrete bases prevent cow thieves cow featured films 1980s later love cooper title documentary film cow militant indian film cars features variant called tractor little song eponymous debut album sings fictional event musician tips cows texas medium television uses cow lore element establish nature rural character penny united_states canada form vandalism involving smart cars flipped sides described featured reports targeting tiny vehicles 21st century cows amsterdam article usa today phrase urban cow describe act star noted kilograms small cars weigh mature cow metaphor term cow figure speech pushing big giant cow author uses term describe contemporary acquisitions sacred cows deliberate mixed metaphor titles books christian ministry business management | Cow tipping | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
21403_Shetlandsheep | sheep sheep small wool producing breed sheep originating kept parts world northern european short tailed sheep group closely related extinct classified breed breed kept fine wool meat conservation grazing small slow growing compared commercial breeds hardy easy long lived breed survived centuries difficult conditions poor diet thrive better conditions retain primitive survival instincts easier care modern breeds history sheep british isles parts northern western europe small short tailed male variable colour short tailed sheep gradually displaced long tailed types leaving short tailed sheep restricted accessible areas included scottish late eighteenth century main sheep type highlands islands scotland including died mainland scotland late nineteenth century leaving descendants limited islands including type regarded distinct early nineteenth century breed conservation early twentieth century perceived threatened cross breeding leading decline wool quality combat flock book society formed remains body responsible sheep protection native islands time rare breeds survival trust set 1970s rare listed category endangered breed popular classified category native breeds population mainland breed governed export history outside isles notorious sheep ram kept united_states president years early nineteenth century unlike modern like related breeds ram horns kept sheep president square white_house spring attacked people taken square injuring actually killing small boy having moved jefferson private estate ram eventually killed having killed described jefferson animal aggressive unusual north_america original jefferson flock persist mid twentieth century imported canada canada united_states 1980s north american sheep registry established thousands breed region modern farming today sheep mainly kept isles handful ability survive land useless good temperament major attraction keeping sheep commonly farmed prized wool kept meat breed characteristics smallest british breeds usually polled usually polled occur occasionally breed noted fine soft wool high quality meat smaller size limits use commercial meat markets small bodied animals wool faces legs legs medium length finely small erect ears distinguishing feature northern short tailed sheep short shaped tail broad base tapering point covered tip hair wool occur different colours patterns particular traditional names weigh approximately wool wool produced historically valuable produce numerous shades wool colours variety commercially important wool industry natural produced wool isles best known traditional lace fine pass wedding ring usually weigh november wool produced gained protected geographical status protected designation origin classification native wool non food product receive status colours patterns sheep possible sheep colours patterns solid white solid reddish brown black common colours patterns dialect names derive language spoken similar names language main colours recognised breed association including different shades light grey grey white bluish grey musket light brown dark grey black reddish brown honey toned yellowish brown dark brown thirty different coat patterns markings recognised occur combination include dark belly dark nose eyes lighter reverse light belly dark face light marks eyes dark generally light dark patches eyes dark white blaze face white marking muzzle white legs irregular patches different colours collar differing colour like primitive breeds highly seasonal fertile october november spring summer poor grazing breed native isles percentage better pasture twin common especially mature hardy easy good mothers produce ample milk healthy born weight lamb production truth slow growing forage conversion milk good excellent second forage conversion efficiency growth explosive good adequate forage easily body weight twins fall singles nearly big heavy easily capable twins makes optimal maternal base lamb production prowess producing hybrid market breed leicester ram pasture management system flocks pairs twins days lamb weighing dam lamb highest quality rave reviews home alike texture flavor desirable high yielding nice flavor customers breeders preferring lamb lines bred selection pressure focused finer fiber diameter perform lamb producers vice versa breeders find breed maintains balance ability produce quality managed relatively | Shetland sheep | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
22584_BeltedGalloway | heritage beef breed cattle originating west southern scotland adapted living poor region exact origin breed unclear white belt distinguishes cattle native black cattle result cross breeding dutch cattle belt gives primarily raised quality beef purchased striking appearance united_states nicknamed cows color pattern reminiscent sandwich consisting chocolate cream filling black red coat colors caused gene black red breeds cattle breed history origin white belt unknown generally presumed come cross breeding dutch cattle known polled herd book started registered breeders acquired herd book formed scotland organization changed cattle longer registered keeps records oversees registration white red currently thriving breeding programme overseen guided imported united_states east new_york known formed united_states july pennsylvania quebec canada east michigan known population informally known currently listed recovering breed means annual united_states global population exceeding status means watch list formally removed watch list having recovered sufficiently devastation foot mouth crisis early 2000s reached excess registered breeding females cattle registered characteristics cattle naturally polled visible characteristics long hair coat broad white belt completely body coarse outer coat helps shed rain soft provides enabling breed spend winter outside prominent recognized breed societies comparatively rare sought female registered herd book white belt registered appendix bull registered herd book white belt color caused gene causes silver highland cattle weigh pounds pounds usual pounds cows weigh pounds pounds usual pounds generally weigh pounds generally quiet temperament maintain maternal instinct protect perceived threats suited rough grazing land utilize coarse grasses breeds able maintain good condition ideal pasture produce high quality beef product grass | Belted Galloway | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
25684_Boreraysheep | sheep breed sheep originating archipelago west coast scotland surviving feral animal islands breed known raised meat wool mainly conservation grazing northern european short tailed sheep group breeds breed sheep united_kingdom breed classed category endangered fewer known exist history late eighteenth century sheep scottish highlands islands belonged type called scottish old scottish probably similar sheep kept northern western europe local variety kept main islands islands lived largest island archipelago mid eighteenth century sheep described smallest kind short coarse wool having horns usually pair pairs time sheep late nineteenth century sheep cross bred sheep replaced mainland scotland breeds descended include evacuation inhabitants sheep farmed archipelago human inhabitants evacuated sheep removed replaced live remaining sheep left feral survivors sheep surviving descendants means original sheep farmed island 1970s half dozen exported form basis breeding population mainland majority remain island characteristics confused sheep archipelago sheep called probably fact derived sheep sheep smaller sheep weighing normally black opposed white tan known names despite partially derived long tailed breed display characteristics group northern european short tailed sheep smallest sheep british isles mature weighing standing naturally short tails require docking naturally having annually older individuals easily require additional grey white body darker individuals occur similar sheep rough quality wool creation carpet rough surfaced coarse cloth typically scotland colour mix colours face legs wool free black white proportions varying individuals sexes display horns horns tend thick males curve spiral degrees mature grow especially large spiral horns crafts making shepherd horns described striking majestic farmer breed population population estimated animals male population estimated registered according rare breeds survival trust fewer sheep classed category endangered breed category breed sheep united_kingdom use farming breed primarily raised meat wool rarity raised conservation purposes raised population thought feral native conditions evolved suited conservation grazing grazing uses livestock improve biodiversity achieve nature conservation given area rare breeds survival trust believe breed developed literature book complete says good people rare breeds pets indicate breeds gaining mainstream acceptance | Boreray sheep | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture, food, and drink | Agriculture and farming |
5370_HerStory(videogame) | story video game story interactive movie video game written directed released june microsoft windows ios game players search sort database video clips fictional police interviews use clips solve case missing man police interviews focus man wife portrayed british musician game project departure independent wanted develop game dependent narrative avoided working game settled idea possible execute eventually decided create police procedural game incorporate live action footage conducted research game watching existing police interviews discovered recurring themes suspects answers decided incorporate ambiguity investigation game release story acclaimed reviewers praise particularly directed narrative character performance unconventional gameplay mechanics game sold copies nominated multiple year end accolades including game year awards gaming publications gameplay story interactive movie game focusing series seven fictional police interviews game begins players presented old contains files programs programs text files explain game mechanics programs automatically open database allows players search sort video clips database video clips police interviews british woman interviews unable watched entirety forcing players view short clips interviews hannah answers unknown questions screen detective prompting players context answers hannah answers players find clips searching database words attempting solve case information players select clips enter user available terms files database allows players review clips viewed clip viewed red box database changes green features based strategy board game plot interview tapes feature woman introduces husband simon gone missing later found murdered hannah admits difficult relationship placing glasgow time argument pieces interviews discovered revealed hannah actually women hannah eve identical twins separated birth twins unaware existence years later point decided act single person keeping common diary set rules defining actions hannah hannah eventually began dating simon met work despite rules hannah sleeps simon pregnant eve makes effort pregnant unable hannah eighth month years later simon meets eve bar begin affair eve pregnant time hannah birthday simon gives mirror hannah argument hannah reveals sister pregnant simon realises father following day eve argument flees glasgow hannah wearing eve wig confronts simon unaware hannah simon gifts mirror hannah furious shattering mirror accidentally lodging simon throat killing eve returns agree hide simon body use eve trip glasgow end interview eve notes hannah gone asks speak lawyer players uncover story chat window appears asking finished players answer revealed sarah eve daughter chat asks sarah understands mother actions asks meet outside development story developed previously worked games silent hill origins shattered memories conceived idea police procedural game working decided independent create game order develop game deep story frustrated publishers kitchen sink realism reason rejecting game pitches found independent allowed create game sort wished independent playing games like year walk days avoided development idea possible execute probably easily gone exploration horror game kind knew big budget said spent savings work game allowing year development time followed concept story focused intimate setting dialogue character interaction found dismissed larger titles felt particularly inspired develop story seeing continuous support game aisle referring story challenges typical game conventions compares filmmaking movement film rope story approved released june microsoft windows ios wanted launch game platforms simultaneously unsure audience gone lost lot potential audience commented found playing story mobile devices experience noted felt natural released mobile devices regularly watch videos search internet similar tasks gameplay mechanics story iphone smaller size opposed led doubts release platform influenced release receiving positive feedback testing development neared completion game underwent testing allowed balance aspects polish items android version released june story runs unity game engine gameplay design immediate idea create game involving police interviews didn know exactly meant conceived idea involve real video footage ability access footage database interface described interface apple windows windows interface design inspired appreciation police procedural genre commenting making computer prop game neat compared searching mechanic google search engine wanted run idea players essentially game concept inspired series homicide life street found depicted police interviews arena detectives intentionally game opening screen slightly long immediately players slow pacing follow inspiration work story stemmed disappointment detectives games felt allowed feel like awesome detective having read things follow threads investigation called ace attorney series present began development story added typical game aspects game mechanics minimalist development progressed initial plan game players work definitive resolution ultimately solving crime tested concept pre existing interview convicted murderer began discover themes interviews particularly relating concept money ultimately large factor trial took concept recurring themes threads decided clearly scripted stuff developing story felt story appeal ambiguity investigation comparing story serial present listened late development found attraction serial lack definitive solution noting people lean certain interpretations makes interesting extent lives imagination story characters decided feature live action footage game frustrated previous projects particularly technical challenge translating actor performance game engine set work actor story having enjoyed process working albeit larger budget contacted intermittently worked legacy dead sun year cancellation felt good picking line pulling lot performance led believe perfect role story asked audition sent page script managed reduce pages altering font size dialogue accepted role began feel pressure midway filming realised game performance described shoot intense exhausting felt subtly helped performance felt intensity helped performance taking cues director upset actors order achieve greatest performance felt small performance added twists turns players anticipated game seven police interviews filmed roughly chronological order days process called natural travelled home county cornwall film felt finding locations interrogation rooms simplest production looking rooms footage recorded council building filming complete wanted impression videos recorded found digital filters unable capture time frame appropriately instead recorded footage vhs players create video video game played detectives filming asking scripted questions character featured story watching police interviews research found inspired exclude detective game stated interviews typically feature double betrayal detectives pretending best friend felt removing detective game character allowing players conducting research story looked case murder consider manner female murder suspects treated stating tend readily turned proved studying interviews found media commentary ignored evidence investigation instead focusing expressions suspects interviews conducted research studying texts psychology use language game main mechanics began developing story conducting research letting story life develop story placed script large crashed opening mapped character involved investigation including spent half development creating detailed documents charting story characters events determined dates police interviews place suspect interim determined game concept precisely ensured script contained layers intrigue order interest players finish game replaced words script synonyms ensure clips associated irrelevant words writing script generally avoided supernatural themes realised involve slight surreal edge working script found moment writing inside characters heads found difficult create new idea story detective fiction explored times audio searching music use story looked songs sounded slightly time ultimately tracks musician found music invoked nostalgia modern edge felt music highlights gap fake computer world game emotional intensity clips influences music changes story intended feature song sing clips fit game settled murder ballad sisters felt trigger mythical elements game altered ballad fit game intended sound design authenticity old keyboard provide sound effects computer stereo keys correct position sequel january confirmed sequel development working title story considered spiritual successor story narrative unrelated game continue use motion video central gameplay element reception critical reception story received critics review aggregator metacritic calculated average score based reviews ios version indicating universal acclaim based reviews windows version indicating generally favorable reviews metacritic ranks game ios windows games released gamerankings ranks story ios games time praise particularly directed game narrative performance gameplay mechanics ign called story unique game played years named year best interesting games rock paper shotgun remarked best game washington_post declared beautiful cinema video game formats critics lauded game narrative game informer wrote fragmented delivery story works benefit appreciated subtlety narrative ambiguity surrounding ending noted story nails dark nature true crime daily_telegraph impressed narrative presented order eurogamer found effects narrative similar received hbo particularly terms audience attention good game disappointed large plot points revealed early game attributed players experience performance game received high praise reviewers gamespot felt performance anchored game adventure gamers wrote convincing role particularly small details body language lack emotion game informer wallace echoed similar remarks noting nailed role rock paper shotgun smith wrote thing collapse convincing performance ign albert named acting believable stating performance appropriately grounded absurd digital spy wrote performance potential inspire similar games gamer called performance understated realistic complex burns felt generally impressed performance noted occasional bad acting unconventional gameplay mechanics received positive remarks critics felt game pacing structure assisted narrative wallace game informer found making connection key points narrative entertaining burns praised game ability players realise challenge sense self albert ign felt searching tool positively contributes pacing game washington_post wrote database mechanic created gaps scenes allowing power narrative good game described appropriately retro noting drawn immediately game sold copies august copies sold windows remaining sold ios accolades story received multiple nominations awards gaming publications won game year game month received 33rd golden awards debut game game innovation 12th award original game gamer independent games festival awards game awards story won best narrative won best performance role game game won mobile game year award awards excellence story innovation international mobile gaming awards emotional games awards guardian named best ios game | Her Story (video game) | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
5595_LifeIsStrange | life strange life strange episodic graphic adventure video game developed published square_enix available microsoft windows playstation playstation xbox xbox consists episodes released periodically game plot focuses photography student discovers ability time moment leading choice enact butterfly effect having approaching storm max responsibility prevent destroying town player actions adjust narrative allowed travel time quests making environmental changes represent forms puzzle solving addition branching choices conversation began april formed episodic format mind reasons financial creative developers conducted research setting travelling pacific_northwest known characters player feedback influenced adjustments episodes story character arc serve central point game traditional graphic adventure like point click puzzles voice recording sessions took place los_angeles california release received generally favourable reviews commending character development game mechanic taboo subjects common criticisms included slang poor lip earlier episodes inconsistencies story sold million digital copies end july gameplay life strange graphic adventure played person view mechanic time allows player action taken player examine interact objects enables puzzle solving form quests making changes environment items collected time travelling kept inventory fact player explore locations fictional setting communicate non playable characters dialogue exchanges branching options conversation event reset details provided earlier permitted avail future instances choices dialogue alter affect story short long term consequences choices good short term turn worse later plot life strange takes place week october told perspective twelfth grade student fictional town oregon prologue begins max thrown vision lighthouse destroyed swelling tornado instantly class teacher restore proceeds max witnesses classmate murder girl single sudden effort time moved classroom informed following outcome rescue girl recently developed ability revealed person max saved childhood friend price reunite walk lighthouse nightmare max reveals capacity travel time known thought dream future event storm approaching disaster headed town following day max observes fellow student subjected bullying viral video depicting kissing students party suggested max suspects max visits mother works meets decide experiment max power secret hideout strains max results having takes class called courtyard kate roof girls intention jump max stops time unexpectedly uses ability attempt reach kate point opportunity convince kate roof come ultimately max vows uncover happened kate missing friend max break principal office night investigate search files insists entering pool swim campus security alerted comes inspect activity inside flee place morning max depart sneak drug dealer rachel friend learn rachel having romantic relationship frank lied storms feeling betrayed dormitory max examines childhood photo notice transported day picture taken faced chance save father william dying traffic collision keys car inadvertently creates alternative reality neck alternative reality max comes photo let save father instead uses decision restore health manages establish original timeline max continue investigation obtain clues lead abandoned barn owned influential family discover bunker hidden underneath contains pictures kate rachel tied rachel shown image buried secret hideout speed direction rachel found dead buried despair max follows school party confront believing target student victim receive text message threatening destroy evidence returns ambushed jefferson max shoots head max held captive inside bunker jefferson reveals kidnapping young girls order photograph capture innocence max uses powers escape photograph emerging beginning jefferson class informs stepfather head security identity jefferson caught rescued max afforded opportunity san_francisco photos displayed art gallery calls event realising effort storm reached bay max time took gallery photo eventually leads alternative realities nightmare story end max arrives lighthouse confront fact max brought approaching existence time travel abilities place way prevent time allow killed max choice sacrifice life save bay sacrifice bay order spare development life strange second title starring female protagonist remember disclosed developer diary project efforts potential publishers male protagonist place instead square_enix publisher intention change founder brought controversy context example great debate emphasis issue stand rest development life strange started april team people expanded collaborations commenced originally retitled distinguish film game born idea mechanic developer experimented game remember lead character max created ability time supplement mechanism episodic format chosen studio creative reasons financial restrictions marketing purposes allowing tell story preferred slow pace pacific_northwest picked setting purpose conveying nostalgic feel game development team visited region took photographs looked local newspapers google street view sure environment accurately portrayed decided early budget spent writing voice actors original story written french converted game script directors design team subsequently handed fine tuned english story character development highlighted point click puzzles making choice consequence integral narrative auditioned july offered auditioned max given role price recording sessions los_angeles california french developer brought holds significant differences remember game addresses similar themes memory identity life strange specified look human identity contrast remember digital view theme running improved version engine makes use tools special effects like lighting depth field engineered remember subsequent advances visual effects like post processes double exposure overlapping screen space particles artistic approach displayed lead character time textures seen game entirely hand painted adapted achieve art director called rendering elements adjusted based player feedback influences like walking dead gone heavy rain mind catcher additional source inspiration protagonist shares surname max game lead characters created known establish entry point player sake serving realism supernatural elements designed metaphor characters inner conflict experts consulted tackle subject teen suicide score composed band inspired modern indie folk music soundtrack intended inform mood game music contains blend licensed tracks composed pieces considered creative director experience featured artists include bright eyes message bears local natives matters angus julia stone mud flow release square enix announced life strange august episodes released digitally steam playstation playstation xbox xbox xbox live january october november publisher expressed interest having physical copies released game time added focused digital release year later retail edition set released xbox north_america january europe january limited edition featured soundtrack score director commentary japanese version released microsoft windows playstation playstation march tasked life strange released june released july day episode indefinitely available free xbox xbox reception life strange received generally favourable reviews having metacritic score playstation xbox criticised lip use dialogue critics notably lauded character development time travel component suggesting games like eurogamer thought best interactive story games generation declared sleeper hit gamespot called episode involving slice life works situations capture peculiar early college state mind game informer stated found subjects usually taboo video games impressive noticed episode strongest characteristic exploration ign wrote story ultimately script worse performances response episode time echoed view emphasis self exploration considerable impact enjoyment game critics opined ending emotional high point brought meaning choices second episodes writing pacing episode time slower exciting episode episode chaos theory thought dramatic improvement presented thrilling poignant fascinating narrative outcome past decisions added sense realism additionally game revolution complimented character beats particularly development price said comes fully formed character gamespot said quests interfered emotional quality episode built killer cliffhanger according deemed episode dark room easily emotional episode said mystery tremendous job keeping hooked telegraph regarded developer venture subjects like social division online bullying parental conflict suicide bold criticism directed cheap ways progressing plot character shock value resulting problems episode puzzles relationships given approval final episode commended having offered fitting conclusion coming age story relationship leads similarly noted having carried successfully stealth sequence described tedious place aspects inhabiting course events favoured reviewers essentially divided ending citing episode subtitle mirrored feelings sales episode ranked fifth best selling playstation playstation video games february life strange reached million sales july having accumulated million unique players worldwide attach rate units complete season season pass proved extremely strong square enix retail edition seventh place game sales chart week ending january awards | Life Is Strange | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
7017_Undertale | role playing video game created indie developer game players control human child fallen underground large region underneath surface earth separated magic barrier player meets monsters quest return surface mainly combat system player mini bullet hell attacks opponent opt spare monsters instead attacking killing choices affect game dialogue characters story changing based outcomes fox developed entirety game independently including writing composing score additional art created artists game inspired mother mario role playing series bullet hell shooter series project british comedy initially meant hours length released development took years effectively extending campaign delaying release game released steam microsoft windows september release game acclaimed writing thematic material intuitive combat system musical score originality praise directed story dialogue characters game sold million copies nominated multiple accolades awards including game year gaming publications winning conventions including south southwest gameplay role playing game uses perspective game players control child complete objectives order progress story players explore underground world towns caves required solve numerous puzzles journey underground world home monsters challenge player combat players decide kill flee players encounter enemies scripted events random encounters enter battle mode battles players control small red heart represents soul avoid attacks opposing monster similar fashion bullet hell shooter game progresses new elements introduced colored obstacles require players remain stationary boss battles change way players control heart players choose attack enemy involves timed button presses earning gold defeating alternatively use act option perform non violent actions vary depending enemy players uses right actions respond enemy choose spare end fight killing order boss encounters completed peacefully player required survive character facing finished dialogue game features story branches endings depending players choose kill spare enemies possible clear game killing single enemy monsters players battles game tell players monster feelings actions enemy attacks alter based players interact players choose non violent options enemy attacks easy difficult players choose violent options game relies number elements gameplay story players participate boss battle second dialogue altered depending actions previous plot takes place underground realm monsters equal humans banished war broke underground sealed surface world imperfect magic barrier point entry human child falls underground encounters flower teaches game mechanics encourages raise love gaining killing monsters attempts murder human soul human rescued goat like monster teaches human solve puzzles survive conflict underground killing intends adopt human wanting protect king underground human eventually leaves search castle contains barrier leading surface world way human encounters monsters including skeletons brothers act underground head royal guard kingdom royal scientist robotic television host created fought human having choose kill mercy human spare friends travels human learns cause war humans monsters son befriended human child fell underground adopted day child fatally poisoned flowers returned body humans attacked killed resulting declaring war seeks break barrier requires collect seven human souls game ending depends player resolved encounters monsters player killed monsters human arrives castle learns need monster soul cross barrier forcing fight stops human confrontation revealing human love acronym level violence execution points judges human based combined resolution encounters human fights killing stealing human souls monstrous named aid souls human defeats falls unconscious awakens human barrier receive phone explaining state underground human departure order player proceed obtain ending complete neutral ending regardless spared monsters final boss appears multiple paths player instead kills monsters having completed previous neutral game revealed created experiments human fights joined monsters human befriended group souls monsters older form fight human human connects new friends fight eventually child form destroys barrier expresses remorse leaving human falls unconscious friends surrounding knowledge human monsters humans surface option accepting adoptive mother ending player kills monsters influenced spirit fallen human child body attempted return reaches castle attempts stop kills fallen human child assumes control player consent destroys universe order enable game soul fallen human child exchange restoring universe future marred fallen child presence development developed years development financed campaign website campaign launched june goal ended july raised people original goal creation ensued fox created battle system game creation system studio wanted develop role playing game different traditional design found boring play set develop game interesting characters utilizes medium storytelling device instead having story gameplay completely separate fox worked entire game independently art decided work independently avoid relying fox little experience game development brothers role playing games completed fox worked number rom high school worked main artistic assistant game providing sprites concept art fox said game art style likely remain access larger team artists found psychological thread says audiences attached characters drawn simply detail particularly use visual gags art game design defensive segment battle system inspired series bullet hell shooters project series working battle system fox set create mechanic personally enjoy wanted battle system equally engaging fox want grinding necessary point game instead leaving optional players wish introduce quests involve terms game difficulty fox ensured easy enjoyable asked friends inexperienced bullet hell shooters test game found able complete felt game difficulty optimal particularly considering complications involved adding difficulty setting game dialogue system inspired particularly gameplay mechanic players talk monsters avoid conflict fox intended expand mechanic failing negotiate resulted requirement fight want create system satisfied urge talking monsters said began developing mechanic concept completing game killing enemies evolved naturally considered removing option fight development questioned difficulty playing game killing fox responded major themes game asking players think writing game writing fox partly influenced internet culture comedy shows like inspired unsettling atmosphere fox desire concepts games influenced development fox found writing easier establishing character voice mood felt creating world natural process expressed stories fox felt importance game monsters feel like individual cited final_fantasy series present opposite monsters like final_fantasy meaning character appear game created parody characters fox strongly disliked use companion character legend answers puzzles revealed early fox felt role playing video games generally lack mother characters series present mother fox felt mothers symbols characters response fox intended character mom hopefully acts like mom genuinely cares players actions music game soundtrack entirely composed fox self taught musician composed tracks little iteration game main theme song undergo multiple development soundtrack inspired music role playing games fox provided music fox stated tries inspired music particularly video games according fox songs composed specifically game song boss battle previously fox rom section game fox composed music prior programming helped decide scene initially tried music compose soundtrack found difficult use ultimately decided play segments music separately connect track soundtrack received critics success game particular use characters tracks particular hopes dreams boss theme fighting run player avoids killing monster brings main character themes perfect way cap journey according oxford notes track particular demonstrates fox ability turning old songs completely new experiences game soundtrack tyler gamespot compared music bit based melodies release game released september microsoft windows expressed interest releasing platforms unable port nintendo platforms game engine lack support platforms patch released january fixing bugs altering appearance blue attacks help players better media merchandise released including toy toys based characters game game official soundtrack released simultaneously game release additionally official cover albums released metal album determination jazz album live july announced twitter officially released game reception received critical acclaim quickly considered cult video game numerous publications review aggregator metacritic calculated average score indicating universal acclaim based reviews metacritic ranks game highest rated windows game released time praise particularly directed game writing unique characters combat system gamespot tyler declared progressive innovative come long time ign called crafted experience end preliminary report best selling games steam copies sold early february game surpassed million game informer called game combat system incredibly nuanced commenting enemy encounter praised complexity combat commenting unconventional clever occasionally difficult ben commended game ability blend turn based live combat elements way actually fucking works ign praised ability avoid combat opting friendly conversations instead boston_globe found game ability player monsters combat opted non violent actions indicative broader fundamental sweetness core reviewers praised game writing narrative ign calling excellent considered best written game writing hand hilarious end heartfelt praised game characters use comedy compared tone characters storytelling gamer provided similar comments writing weaker moments work commended soul charm game conveys writing noted dialogue borders random humor game visuals received mixed reactions called simple ign wrote game isn pretty ugly felt music animations compensate price named art bland level detail excellent character design remarked basic functional plain bad reviewers liked graphics game informer felt visuals appropriately match characters settings gamer commended ability visuals convey emotion accolades received multiple awards nominations gaming publications won game year zero game month game won best game poll awarded best game ign independent games festival awards won audience award gaming awards named fulfilling game awarded | Undertale | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
7064_Batman:ArkhamKnight | batman batman action adventure video game developed published playstation xbox microsoft windows based comics superhero batman successor video game batman fourth main installment batman series released worldwide june written based franchise long running comic book set year events batman game main storyline follows batman confronts launched attack causing city wide evacuation help mysterious able unite batman greatest foes attempt finally destroy batman game presented person perspective primary focus batman melee combat stealth abilities detective skills introduces playable vehicle transportation puzzle solving combat game expands batman arsenal combat attacks offers open world structure allowing player complete missions away primary storyline console versions received positive reviews particularly narrative visuals gameplay combat world designs criticism given emphasis windows version subject intense criticism major performance issues high end graphics hardware prompting temporarily withdraw version game sale release game fastest selling game fastest selling game series reaching million units sold globally october released additional content game including story driven missions challenge maps skins batman allies new batman history custom gameplay batman set open player beginning game allowing travel freely boundaries loading transitions gameplay elements previous games return including gun line system receives upgrades previous games rifle disable detonate enemy weapons turrets trap weapon shock enemies attempt arm tag vehicles batman track remote controlled similarly upgraded include thrown gain information surrounding area new include imitate characters voices direct traps player fly batman city cape allowing faster longer sustained flights higher climbs batman use line gun instantly switch directions fired twice air chain moves game combat system allows basic attacks including strikes combined batman attacking moving enemies avoiding attacked basic enemies include enemies armed shields shock armed guns significantly damage batman enemies perform charge tackle attack larger enemies previous games precision timed instantly defeat charging enemies system adds ability combine attacks prone enemies combo streak batman counter enemy attacks throw enemies increased damage batman capable enemies wielding items like baseball bats acquired weapon foes breaks introduces dual play players seamlessly switch control batman allies robin combat player enters accumulated combat streak successful attack adds player combat score carries controlled character double team opponents higher scores introduces enemy shield enemies electrified fields revive unconscious ones sword wielding enemies resistant damage stunned attacked wielding guns blades require additional steps defeat enemies capable employing tactics counter batman skills including deploying controlling batman found detecting location long city batman encounters enemy guard posts aerial explosive mines embedded city streets turned allies remote device introduces fear batman subdue enemies simultaneously long remains time slowed allowing player target enemy hazardous items power generators combat environmental attacks combat rewarded experience points unlock abilities combat moves health upgrades batman access allowing roll forward immediately range instead having right initiating multiple enemies carry devices capable blocking features missions known wanted missions attempted time feature prominent characters batman universe character provides optional challenges solve challenges consist collecting trophies hidden city use batman car disable traps barriers completing timed races player mark trophies game map found initially necessary equipment complete puzzle learn additional locations batman investigate crimes murders reconstruct crimes locate clues identify perpetrators use tissue investigate victim skin muscle bones clues completing story mode new game plus mode enabling player replay game experience abilities obtained completion tasks reflected incarcerated criminal memorabilia missions previous games collected evidence room game introduces vehicle summoned player location foot player airborne summoned meet batman lands vehicle features ability perform jumps speed rotate spot smash objects like trees fire missiles enemy vehicles batman immediately begin enemies run away sight vehicle eliminating need batman fight enemies attacking car subdued automated defenses like batman upgraded new abilities challenges feature objectives requiring timed races tunnels beneath environmental obstacles change lap invisible question marks revealed modes switched time pursuit battle pursuit moving area area completing specific driving challenges battle mode tank car allowing degree range movement including direction revealing multiple weapon systems board including vulcan chain gun quick damage cannon fire support anti tank guided missiles wide ranging damage multiple targets non lethal riot additional upgrades vehicle include device releases electric pulse temporarily enemy virus allows player weapon systems enemy vehicles cause attack controlled remotely driven indoor locations solving game puzzles lowering inaccessible elevator attached obtaining trophy conjunction deliver upgrades synopsis characters features large ensemble cast characters history batman comics main character batman superhero trained peak human physical mental perfection expert martial arts supported allies robin grey assists batman father police commissioner batman loyal butler colleague provide batman tactical support holy warrior aims replace batman protector city batman faced overcome plot threaten weapon dealing operation end face bank conquer challenges capture plant controlling poison ivy subdue wants revenge batman death batman nemesis game introduces villain voiced baker character created specifically game comics comic book writer publisher comic artist version batman logo asylum facility worn emblem chest villains include assassin mercenary serial killer professor religious fanatic batman alter ego features appearances characters drawn history batman comics previous games including businessman reporters police officer corporate businessman serial killer gangster game downloadable content features appearances freeze game makes references characters history batman setting year death events batman struggling come terms absence nemesis uncomfortable feeling pair shared bond deeper admit chaotic presence citizens felt safer crime city dramatically declined gives batman enemies including face chance unite singular goal killing batman halloween night threatens city newly created strain fear bombs planted forcing evacuation city million civilians criminals remain city leaving commissioner gordon outnumbered anticipating new threat batman continues develop crime fighting technology maintains city approximately times scale open air prison game takes place center city split islands founders districts neon tinged industrial shipping yard features shorter buildings areas abandoned docks modern development built ruins older metropolis center set communications headquarters clock tower houses makeshift plot halloween forces civilian evacuation threatening potent new fear batman tracks hideout rescues imprisoned poison ivy refused join batman plot batman meets identifies source batman investigates facility encounters knight heavily armed militia batman forces transformed entire building bomb reveals kidnapped batman escaping batman bomb blast radius confronted flashback reveals died infected blood blood people including batman batman infection imprisoned recipients physically mentally transforming existing mental projection produced infected blood fear frequently appears batman manipulate perception world batman escapes exploding gordon kidnapping angrily leaves find batman learns recruited businessman build mass dispersal device fear batman confronts aboard dose fear allows temporarily assume control batman body extracts recovering batman hideout arrives exposed fear commits suicide terror batman base movie studio rescue patients batman robin capture infected patients kills committing suicide believing batman perfect realizing batman infected robin attempts takes control instead imprisoned batman refuses stop caught flooding city fear batman destroys convinces ivy ancient tree succeeds saves strain kills batman exposure control batman pursues construction site rescue gordon knight reveals previous robin seemingly murdered left torture hands abandoning batman offers help recover escapes batman gordon confront building roof revealed alive suicide result batman rescues returns escapes gordon remaining militia assaults eliminate batman allies batman militia uses distraction kidnap robin save robin gordon batman taken ruins reveals batman secret identity world television repeatedly batman fear break public batman battle control inside batman mind attempts weaken batman people suffered died batman crusade batman locks pleading away mind forever forgotten fear arrives saves batman fear batman ensures safe gordon dispatches police reclaim streets batman protocol protect loved ones surrounded reporters batman returns home greeted alfred pair enter manor explodes seemingly killing gordon mayor prepares attend robin wedding criminals attack family alley confronted silhouette resembling batman development august writer games series said involved writing sequel write game story based revenge downloadable content said suggested accept work offered opted use team writers headed game director designer script elements served consultant plot announced march following leaked marketing material end february series creators returning develop game following development batman described concluding chapter series finale series mind development returns voice batman having stating dallas comic con working statement led speculation reprise role batman game known development time case decided early development upcoming generation consoles considered allow focus system resources ideas accommodate older generation systems game allows times number screen enemies possible riots feature screen enemies interacting environment smash items spray graffiti technical changes allowed cutscenes rendered real time game engine previous installments pre rendered videos compensate describing scale difference earlier games lead character artist said single character model contain render entirety environment series use apex physics simulation engine items like cloth batman cape react movement wind supported concept game parties felt years long wait games tasked creating prequel fill gap unlike game feature multiplayer component hill explained development team knew single player game team effort focus making best single player experience feel needed multiplayer element backed right start design aspect character wanted include games limited technical constraints designers worked conjunction chose look earlier design instead models history batman comics media evolve meet necessary gameplay requirements vehicle designed integrate batman foot burden hill stated didn want like okay good stay time batman powerful won definite need use world challenges set vertical horizontal plane map discourage players form movement providing faster method moving large distances unlike feature fast travel system designers considered game allowing players skip experience buildings hit vehicle suffer damage slowing car considered collision turning corner diminish power fantasy driving early development placed prototype existing map learned city designed batman work driving vehicle redesigned wider streets allow space street traffic drive walls buildings taller accommodate vehicle ability redesign designers attempted build previous games gothic architecture making believable dense city alongside minor elements like neon lights billboard advertising american style cars team developed ideas shops found city retaining theme describing design said kind element added makes entire experience feel little time couldn years ago years time designers valued making open world rich vibrant dense interesting things large writing batman hill considered fundamental aspect character villains allies city hill said know mean batman affect batman things happen psychological influences game actually makes think interest batman batman armor redesigned match appear visually similar featuring shapes material textures appear compatible high speed methods character enters exits vehicle design added armor batman shoulders covering previously exposed cape appear feasible hold batman weight failing returning characters art director said designs conceived interesting players seen times previous games game setting necessitated change character clothing winter setting lost long coat look clothing showing signs sweat food head shaved face designers felt character require changing significantly instead emphasized existing character traits particularly flesh references burnt flesh inspiration similarly wanted retain typical like green shirts question marks instead character design evolve game modifying costume response events plot music returned compose music game having worked previously helped composer replacing worked previous games stated good things sequel opportunity things wished changed things set material want consistent like batman theme wanted theme tailor story game element theme added willing work music created opposed wanting add personal touch received work help create new variations chords melody original theme volume official soundtrack released alongside game june release batman released playstation xbox microsoft windows june game originally scheduled released october turn delayed june delay marketing game manager stated didn team time releasing weren happy want sure absolutely quality assurance game added getting game work consoles impossible months game got delayed times totally unprepared hard consoles microsoft windows version available digital release additionally version game developed scheduled release early originally scheduled release late cancelled february feral stated original delay ensure good performance wide ranging support platforms editions announced limited edition contains game case page concept art book issue comic book alternate costumes batman robin based new statue batman edition contains limited edition items replaces batman statue statue june consumers purchased notified edition cancelled quality issue statue designer consumers able receive purchase transferred collector edition days later revealed limited edition delayed release europe mid july packaging quality issue addition edition comic bundle released exclusively edition featured game appearance skin based batman appearance limited edition 25th anniversary version graphic novel batman series loosely based limited edition playstation released featuring console controller custom batman february revealed received mature rating teen ratings previous installments franchise held team caught guard rating hill explained create game specific rating mind bad stuff going happen doesn mean changed approach including blood swearing want deliver true end takes dark places elaborate content particular triggered rating hill note ratings analysis indicated content certain key scenes game affect rating team decided maintain content vision game depth explanation game content revealed existence scenes players shoot unarmed characters hostage torture scenes taking place bloody operating table vehicle wheel free updates game released provide updates game based community feedback included big head mode makes characters game heads photo mode allows players edit photos taken gameplay ability use original voice cast localized subtitles updates game challenges included ability select playable characters game downloadable content combat predator challenge maps previously map character selection addition harder difficulty setting combat challenges round based challenges interior map locations removal blue wall challenges players found distracting additional content playable character downloadable content story driven mission follows character city assault police station rescue partner crime poison ivy red hood playable character downloadable content story driven mission red hood goes pack provides player upgrades batman onset opposed earning progressing game nightmare exclusive playstation depicts succumbed fear gas transforming twisted nightmare image overseen army additional content available game season pass includes story driven missions challenge maps batman allies new batman history custom skins batman allies pre order retailer content timed expired august september story driven missions include season new wanted missions played main game player batman goes legendary super villains invading new story arcs missions gameplay features players control batman allies short story missions place events expand narratives matter family developed episode featuring set events set nautical theme park built oil rig teams robin save father commissioner gordon kidnapped content carries dual play function ability allows enemies control objects solve puzzles design producer said separates characters intention powerful batman plus opportunities things batman pull content released july playstation xbox windows release october additional content released august included pack includes skin based suit worn batman film based film sequel bat family skins pack includes character skins based alternate content previously released pre order bonuses september released crime fighter challenge packs featuring combat predator challenges playable characters pack included based dark knight asylum skin batman episode set events stop breaking october additional content included crime fighter challenge pack featuring combat predator challenges playable characters batman classic series pack includes 1960s series skins robin based series inspired series 1970s batman themed skin november released batman superman pack included skin based suit worn batman superman dawn justice film pack revenge episode set events main game gets revenge pack included challenge maps flip coin episode robin set events main game robin hunts face pack included challenge maps challenge maps original skin robin robin themed skins fourth crime fighter challenge pack featuring combat predator challenges playable characters final month additional content release december saw release dark knight multitude fan requests featured pack september original fifth crime fighter challenge pack featuring combat predator challenges playable characters skin based classic look skin red hood themed skin batman skin season missions playing sinister mind games batman members caught middle escaping maximum security cell havoc crashed returning order restore health freeze returning militia kidnaps freeze wife exchange help capturing batman season missions add new areas main game including new wing interior new enemies assassins new gameplay mechanics january released sixth crime fighter challenge pack originally named response players help providing feedback windows version fixed submitting requests challenge maps pack include pack challenge maps previous games combat map crime alley endless wave predator map endless knight returning predator maps include main hall medical facility combat maps include monarch theatre pack released windows week coming consoles skin based released month number alternate outfits designs available batman robin batman skins include designs worn 1960s series batman dark knight returns appearance design new batman anime batman earth iconic grey black 1970s batman film dark knight film batman superman dawn justice batman robin skins include designs based new year later 1960s series original design skins include designs based new skins include designs based 1990s 1960s series red hood skins based classic look uniform respectively available players access characters designs standard include ones based 1960s series prototype version 1970s batman themed robin themed new include film 1960s series batman superman dawn justice original feature tank mode main game tanks eliminated certain additional challenge maps terms design film series ones longer narrower better handling standard include based batman based dark knight based 1960s series tracks marketing game originally scheduled released batman 75th anniversary celebration result presented art exhibit london june san diego comic con international july exhibit featured contemporary artists painting cape designed based game life size replica game designed display london comic con starting release game released weekly scenes videos called insider featuring staff describing aspects gameplay answering fan questions insider returned august highlight monthly releases series running december total episodes products developed based game including clothing hats posters page novel written serves prequel story follows batman conflict comics december prequel digital comic announced written art covers comic picks events released digitally february print release featuring collection digital issues march said comic contained arcs story goes right launch game novelization game written comic book writer released alongside game april second comic batman genesis announced centered origin knight issue monthly miniseries written art released starting august reception review website metacritic calculated average score based reviews playstation version based reviews xbox version based reviews microsoft windows version ign rated game score praising graphics gameplay variety detail open world voice acting performances particularly batman overall improvement combat predator systems criticized battle mode weird batman activity imagine difficulty managing vehicle default controls praised tank battles good fun giving game stating game boxes fourth entry aaa franchise lauded game puzzles noting players think significantly higher level past entries series calling game short revolutionary best game console generation toronto sun deemed game fantastic little formulaic felt satisfying appropriately large scale conclusion games praising surprises plot graphics combat range abilities awarded calling narrative mother plot twists described game city beautifully realized playground batman highlighting distinctive added packs satisfying punch cannon additional praise game variety felt combat somewhat easier previous games notably game dual play mechanic writing gave game score called best batman game classic right masterpiece despite perfect score miller game faults lauded rush adrenaline invoked driving car streets city eurogamer recommended game giving high praise detail open world characterization batman criticizing battle mode feature weaker aspects game gave praising game functioning presence praising story intimacy inviting epic scale nature gameplay described thrilling game dual play elements hailed best aspect game addition involvement challenges chris_carter conversely heavily critical challenges requirement game ending finding tedious lacked resemblance actual objects felt puzzles driven better elements mission writing gamespot awarded game praising game terrific variety improvement past games elements game puzzles dual play mechanics reacted positively segments involving battle mode calling delight called vehicle driving slick satisfying found fault game logic particularly clash batman kill rule significant destruction noted story thematic elements repeated metaphors redundant mentioning storytelling describing game overall good world allows gamesradar noted game satisfying cinematic value particularly moments felt like batman animated series roberts reserve criticisms calling additions slippery deemed mixed affair campaign described generally storytelling dialogue duo primary villains roberts praised gorgeous open world missions universally fantastic finding fault missions considered silly commended character increased involvement story additionally forbes took issue marketing knight original character moniker original character role felt problem marketing character indicated big mystery identity moderately batman fan reasonably identity knew hoping wasn true wanted original story promised criticized promising new character insisting identity shock turned essentially renamed version character existed years additional content carter critical quinn red hood story packs originally pre order bonuses released carter called short respectively pack lasting minutes red hood minutes added expected downloadable content hoping additional stories feature content matter family story pack offered mixed reaction giving praising unique design atmosphere theme park setting commenting positively story variation combat character design performance prominent concern short length campaign lack replay value aside simple found map added worse new challenge map play means great looking character model trapped single piece story content considering fairly challenge map department big missed opportunity felt pack value players enjoy story stating commended creating wonderfully realized version capable striking fear mission lacks creativity ranks series worst praise story involving person built amusement park story takes place calling twisted dark new light series wilson eurogamer critical characterization calling bland reading character frank focuses connections youthful wilson lamented emphasis abilities proved simple extension remote environmental puzzles offered words similar lack additional challenge maps confines character model wilson skeptical future season pass worth purchasing increase production value real introduction new gameplay variety carter gave reacting positively confinement good bits specifically lack emphasis puzzle solving compared favorably quinn red hood story packs previously gave negative reviews contrast carter felt environments particularly memorable felt length sufficient compared game previous story packs carter pointed benefit game free option involving downloadable characters forbes felt provided free charge remarking campaign calling straightforward lackluster criticized marketing campaign commenting sacrificing quality quantity continuously charge customers mediocre content carter awarded season content felt mad mission weakest link chain calling neat concept barely time digest carter said mission predictable storyline generally portrayed dimensional foe works better portion isn comprised environments nice brief reunion speaking freeze mission carter called exploration freeze relationship wife compelling enjoyed fact season mission feature predator challenge additionally added sequence reason exist ones campaign finally carter called mission highlight pack felt choice mission gave players end pretty interesting added setting good way highlight family legacy main game extremely disappointing technical issues windows version windows version game poorly received criticism aimed technical issues present time game release ultimately leading sales suspended june launch day thousands users reported major technical flaws performance problems windows version game saying like phase game development steam users immediately wrote scathing reviews game performance including reports frame rate capped frames second raised potential effects dropping low frames second high end graphics cards unable handle game users reporting frequent frame rate released new device drivers game attempt address performance issues steam strongly recommending download developer issued statement saying aware issues working closely external development partner resolve june announced suspend sales windows version order work addressing performance issues satisfy company quality standards offered purchased game days later patch released fixed crash causing problems noted continuing focus frame rate problem low resolution texture overall performance problems issues needing early july reported aware issues windows version sources stating chose ship game screw customers believed good additionally reported issues fixed september stock retail versions recalled middle july announced targeting interim patch update existing players released august august revealed interim patch tested hope issue patch weeks patch addresses frame rate graphics cards ability change max frames second additional settings motion film grain texture options settings problem game running mechanical hard drives versus solid state lesser priorities intended covered include photo mode downloadable content patch released september announced game available sale october patch game include previously released content updates console game available criticized lingering technical issues resulting offering game game season pass end regardless long game owned stated continue address issues windows version chose game sales batman highest selling game june fastest selling game beating record previously held second best selling game mortal fastest selling game franchise playstation sales highest single batman game began tracking industry october game sold million units globally accolades batman received award seen june received ign best xbox game awards runner game best playstation game game critics awards awarded best best console game golden awards nominated wanted game december publication reported anticipated title region retailers ahead halo guardians evolve order thief end game received nominations including best storytelling best visual design best gaming moment return game year received nomination performance year voicing game received nominations game awards including best action adventure game received nomination best performance voicing | Batman: Arkham Knight | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
8845_Alto'sAdventure | alto adventure alto adventure endless runner video game player character automatically moves right screen generated landscapes player screen jump perform tricks works goals competitive high scores upgrades toronto based person indie development team previously worked productivity alto adventure game emulate ethereal atmosphere inspired journey pro game released february initially ios devices september year announced alto adventure launched android fire game finally released android february july game released windows platform game received described review score aggregator metacritic universal acclaim reviewers praised art style sense atmosphere criticized gameplay awarded game gold award gameplay alto adventure scrolling endless runner game player character moves automatically generated landscapes right screen player control jump player screen jump holds screen perform tricks character moves landscape player complete game goals given time goals include things traveling set distance rescuing runaway crossing dangerous gaps grinding villages mountain elders player receives awards completing goals collect coins purchase upgrades players perform tricks quick succession earn points competitive high score game tracks distance traveled trick later game players use changes elements game environments alto adventure change lighting time passes cycle day incorporate weather effects player progress game uses game center development alto adventure built collaboration indie development studio based toronto lead artist programmer based devon england developers intended game capture flow feeling way sort disappears rhythm mountain unlike games sought address mobile games emphasize video game console type elements screen controls founder felt largely designed mobile platform mind alto adventure inspired journey pro founders wanted bring essence games youth alto adventure including fun positive goals easy learn hard master trick system avoided goals endless runners considered negative repetitive inspired developers chose charge average game trade including like game advertisements app purchases said new content expansion lines forgotten shores game released ios february port android fire announced september later year february following year definite release date announced app finally released platforms february collaborated android port additionally unlike ios version launched premium app requires user pay download android version free download exclusive interview verge explained decision ios android completely different ecosystem mainly bigger piracy issues android additionally said android port experience playing alto ios reception game received universal acclaim according video game review score aggregator metacritic reviewers high praise art style aesthetics criticized gameplay awarded game gold award verge wrote game laid incredibly experience wrote great game mobile favorites set apart style beautiful mountain landscape found alto adventure art game fun little time compared combination likened art style journey gameplay didn find game challenging enjoyed incredible visuals tons tiny details like character animations changes lighting weather contributed nelson characterized readers impressions highly positive found gameplay basic truly genre felt game worth experiencing excellent visual style soundtrack compared gameplay ski additionally wrote game power ups quest objectives currency score pretty standard trick system gave easy tricks sense accomplishment ford available upgrades wrote played upgrades game look feel feel like game awesome mellow soundtrack ford added game earned hype amazing art style visual effects gameplay impressed dynamic weather changed feel game gameplay went unchanged ford predicted players respond alto adventure appreciation sheer artistic integrity nuanced visuals disappointment similarity previous endless runners pocket gamer thought game pretty special best app store thought simple gameplay engaging experience bloody good fun found core mechanics said wanted live game world praised total dedication atmosphere choice felt preserve authenticity | Alto's Adventure | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
9118_TouchTone | puzzle video game ios devices person indie game development team player monitors phone calls government surveillance program find public threats player chains completing series puzzles beam reflected room set destination core concept grew day game jam immediately following release found theme following global surveillance tone story grew satirical course game development game released march review aggregator metacritic characterized reviews generally favorable critics praised game visual style story criticized way game allow players skip puzzles reviewers found light bending puzzle premise appreciated thematic connection gameplay government surveillance program player monitors phone calls find public threats apart interaction player left solve puzzles pursuit lead puzzles based reflection puzzle popularized role playing video games player moves mirrors reflect beam light room player screen pieces incoming beams symbolic phone signals specific locations beams displayed different solid colors matched destination color passing pieces reflect split beam pieces individually rows columns cardinal directions levels displayed branching tree structure player pursue multiple branches story optional story branches advance main plot hardest puzzles story told chains unlocked completing puzzles player assumes role agent determines national security ethics government surveillance core theme game development indie game developer duo released release planned celebratory road trip game jam victoria british_columbia turned financial flop wanted use jam create new small perfect end day jam core mirror reflection mechanics place years sporadic work remainder game time worked separately released received tried fit audio signal elements nascent theme light felt direction unsuccessful like boring flash game game closely bigger aaa game like system shock found theme following edward global surveillance mid felt provide satirical commentary element game story shed tone political content grew deeper wrote script totaled words length effort professional writing took months conference chapter wanted story explore questions floating national consciousness heavy handed despite work felt story gameplay don necessarily interact story serving drive interested puzzles rest game game public theater logan square chicago acknowledged difficulty story private experience decided including option skip puzzles felt game player capacity adapt increasing difficulty attribute game design philosophy released ios universal app iphone march received page feature ios app store release reception received generally favorable reviews according video game review score aggregator metacritic received silver award reviewers praised game aesthetics criticized puzzle concept wrote game striking visuals politically charged message completely reconciled individually strong described art style similar previous work political statement indicative strong opinions praised game writing thought actual puzzles weaker found clinical colored 1970s thriller film aesthetic appropriate theme tension puzzles reward unto gameplay similar papers serving point minor called essentially series pocket gamer appreciate game forces kind upside thinking compared message said perfectly designed certain set mobile gamers compared gameplay despite game similarity countless light bending puzzle games found implementation clever way player moves rows tiles time reviewers like inability skip puzzles wrote moments stuck mandatory stage player investment sense story wrote wished options mid game choices save puzzle progress leaving game multiple reviewers appreciated game story wired felt act determining messages national security powerful experience considered story game strong points unusually puzzle game wrote sufficient intrigue want finish story reward story encouraged harder puzzles | TouchTone | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
9829_RareReplay | compilation video games year history developers rare predecessor ultimate play game emulated games span multiple genres consoles spectrum xbox retain features errors original releases minimal edits compilation adds older games easier mode specific challenges parts games player progress rewarded scenes footage interviews rare major unreleased games compilation ideas rare considered celebrate 30th anniversary inspired fans upcoming xbox backwards compatibility features idea connect rare past future company games choose titles best represented games characters environments original company rare incorporated hardware package worked parent company microsoft use xbox released worldwide xbox exclusive august reviews generally favorable critics appreciated package design craft called release new pinnacle compilation releases commended features criticized technical issues xbox game installation rare nintendo classics particular communal favorites reviewers perfect dark zero grabbed spectrum games liked reviewers disappointed absence series inevitable licensing issues thought package fine critics deemed archival game content developer interviews compilation best features upset content hidden time consuming game challenges reviewers noted rare founders brothers absent interviews rare united_kingdom format charts bestseller gameplay compilation games previously developed rare predecessor ultimate play game year history platforms spectrum xbox rare series games span multiple genres including fighting person shooter simulation racing skiing compilation opens musical number featuring rare characters game landing page variation theme music core gameplay remains rare added extra features older releases player visual appearance seconds gameplay pre nintendo games older games saved progress player exit rare added infinite lives cheat setting older games fixed game breaking bug feature presents small segments older games challenges player collecting set points set time set scenario similar function series connected spectrum retains technical original hardware instance game graphics speed slow dependent number items computer process screen nintendo upgrades games rendering frame rate xbox releases releases install directly xbox separately compilation require online activation played xbox games share player saved game achievement progress consoles xbox live cloud features uses prior xbox ports perfect dark originals rare chose emulate original bad fur day xbox port grabbed runs xbox port upgraded display resolution frame rate retains local online multiplayer modes original games includes main downloadable content add multiple classic rare titles series included compilation licensing issues bonus feature section rare revealed contains hour scenes footage focusing rare major unreleased games player completes game challenges collect stamps increase player rank unlock bonus features player finish game receive stamps compilation automatically grants stamps prior progress package xbox games current rare employees feature documentary clips studio founders tim appear gameplay footage unreleased games open world adventure game player controls spider like robot equipped missiles spider expected recycled unreleased sequel designed darker tone original rare worked fast spiritual successor vehicle track alterations company planned intellectual properties included survival game prototype airplane based rare revealed videos include game design decisions character design fate features audio built additional rare revealed present rare replay released game launch company official youtube channel development rare began work 30th anniversary celebration wanted unique considered rare milestone industry rare influenced community requests bring classics xbox microsoft backwards compatibility team progress feature compilation celebration ideas chosen years theme led game limit price point reflective company character celebratory theme rare chose art style theatrical stage setting compilation rare plan simultaneously celebrate past introduce future logo redesign new website announcement upcoming game sea thieves rare games history rated fitness select collection final rare titles featured characters environments original company explanation excluding licensed titles availability licensed titles secondary factor fun considered game title aged contemporary video games wanted wide representative sample popular games hit nostalgic beat likes rare chose nintendo bad fur day xbox version live felt far original designers final rare employees veterans gave input old game development stories unlike usual product development cycle grows concept final product development work rare replay games platforms disc engineering challenge rested quantity games platforms emulated effort rare worked close collaboration microsoft developed xbox backwards compatibility features secret rare ultimately rare replay microsoft team helped prepare rare xbox games release discontinued online services restored compilation design lead designer added challenges built encourage players sample games feature help players finish games frustration compilation opening musical number compromise original vision musical history company told small musical introductions final opening intended evoke players memories rare properties includes easter eggs announced microsoft press conference june electronic entertainment expo reveal leaked hours prior compilation released xbox exclusive worldwide august plans windows release downloadable content additions rare founders brothers interviewed bonus features appeared develop interview set coincide compilation release rare added tie owners unlocked character playable character fighting game limited test period reception received generally favorable reviews according review aggregator metacritic reached united_kingdom format games sales charts xbox exclusive rare ranked budget title wii fit plus fell sixth place week sixth best selling game north_america august compilation earlier game electronic entertainment expo reviewers liked value proposition low price reviewers noted quality craft went compilation design impressed compilation presentation balance efficiency eurogamer felt theatrical theme fit rare character reviewers considered high water mark video game compilations called best verge praised viable response copyright infringement slight hardware improvements added touches alternatively judged criterion collection style presentation contemporaneous provide authentic appreciation original material wrote compilation target audience gamers experienced originals likely affected critical review included games felt compilation variety offered players new exciting games apiece regardless feelings rare compilation games long established communal favorites package included games nintendo classics especially perfect dark favorites included perfect dark zero grabbed snake early spectrum games reviewers felt aged worst felt seven spectrum games showed experimental company tested bounds game design called selections incredibly forward thinking confusing control heavily focused repeated quests item collection critics disappointed exclusion considered company best games inevitable absence licensing issues reviewers disappointed felt package fine reviewer found package omission nintendo franchises hurt overall continuity understanding response nintendo characters predecessors reviewer image rehabilitation studio stopped making classic games years ago hoped package sign commitment deep daring games rare future critic lamented receive nintendo virtual console impressed microsoft ability license publishers including nintendo noted rare super nintendo era games upset rare clones pants left eurogamer reviewer considered compilation feat era consoles receiving endless releases surprised rare style remain consistent time compared company legacy said selections represented rare game informer wrote compilation pleasant surprises reviewers felt archival game content developer interviews best features frustrated features locked time consuming game challenges found stuck halfway stamp card progress finishing easiest achievements unreleased game footage particularly hard access similarly finishing stamp collection called stamps package joke consideration rare reputation heavy games reviewers found developer content important individual games reviewer called compilation essential piece gaming history critic noted features lacked straightforward history company hid rare significant ties nintendo eurogamer wondered mare early games ignored bonus content found memorial anthology rare shadow self noted compilation ends time rare founding brothers left company reviewers felt brothers conspicuous absence compilation figured compilation stamps feature reference brothers reviewers praised feature players time difficult sections nintendo_entertainment_system games known difficulty especially challenging figured rare added tough spectrum games review wished feature extended nintendo titles critics liked challenges reported crucial learning basic game mechanics accessible reviewers complained spectrum game controls difficult reviewer thought compilation poor job explaining game controls wondered rare include introductory videos instead turned youtube videos external playing game eurogamer disagreed virtues having spectrum replicate graphical original console appreciated added option save game progress time spectrum classics wrote collection remind players difficult games nintendo pleased critics wrote upgrades compensated source material nintendo multiplayer modes lacked frame rate upgrades single player modes received noted xbox nintendo releases nintendo virtual console reviewer found game xbox button prompts delightful reviewer commended rare choice nintendo version bad fur day updated censored xbox release initial reviews found dual controls later added considered rare microsoft games weakest lot eurogamer found enjoyable context reviewers noted frame rate technical issues xbox like separation rest compilation called xbox game installation process complex ign like xbox sequence interrupted compilation added emulated xbox experience compared experience | Rare Replay | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
13757_MobiusFinalFantasy | final fantasy japanese hepburn episodic role playing video game developed published square_enix ios android devices released japan june release internationally august player controls man wakes amnesia world help conquer dark forces attacking people game features gameplay elements previous final_fantasy titles including exploration standard navigation fast travel systems turn based combat tied job system common themes drawn original final_fantasy title warriors light fight chaos darkness game began development developed concept mobile game similar level home console game goal promoted skepticism house staff external sources assets development square_enix multiple staff previous final_fantasy titles involved development including producer writer artists composer game registered million players weeks release square enix cited successful titles released mobile graphics gameplay praised reviewers called overall combat experience simple game received awards including named japan itunes best english localization currently development gameplay role playing game designed mobile phones player controls game protagonist navigating players settings graphical quality adjust controls dominant hand local navigation field map player location map character travels location self contained areas player directly control character standard navigation player navigate game world fast travel system progressively unlocked player progresses story features game system exploration similar previous home console final_fantasy games features tactics focused turn based battle system players able activate attacks tapping enemies screen players use standard melee attacks close range weapons swords magical attacks combat player elements necessary activate abilities game form summoned monsters ready activation tile appears screen player touches activate ability abilities different attributes ability ice attack fat ability raises defense turns automatically healing player elements player strengthen resistance attacks enemy weakness struck times break gauge meter drained left weakened allowing player attack freely job system character abilities related form key system player starts job job leveled special seed items collected battle fill skill panel panel complete job evolve warrior evolving pure warrior class jobs change evolve character appearance altered degree chapter content update assassin jobs added february multiplayer functionality added enabling players bosses plot main protagonist stricken amnesia foreign world multiple people brought worlds suffering amnesia attack armies chaos fulfill prophecy warrior light free world darkness aided journey princess princess kingdom volunteers help quest chapter entitled prediction hope includes desert temple quest included entitled set ruins gold chapter traveling princess sarah waiting castle attacked held captive armies chaos tasked saving princess fighting overwhelming power chaos giants chapter prologue sarah begin adventure find earth hands chaos later chapter story continues new lands chapter journeys find source light strength conquer chaos development concept mobile experience comparable console games possible game equivalent console games game producer sought fill perceived gap market called final_fantasy mobile game scale creation artwork graphics concept work development house square_enix instead new development team dedicated production team largely veterans console final_fantasy titles staff included scenario writer producer story connected original final fantasy thematically focus warriors light fighting chaos darkness remake directly related plot original considered team game entry series spin speaking game initial release stated felt scenario mobile experience development began prompted skepticism square enix staff prospective platform managers dominant based mobile games problems cited director creating realistic facial expressions equivalent film frozen development team unity game engine updated engine unity version game updated run improved software team needed differences different phone models account allow high performance help development overcome potential difficulties handling unity engine special development environment structure created team physically based rendering create realistic lighting environmental effects budget far lower equivalent console titles team reluctant buy helping tools restrictions staff numbers person working game backgrounds charge character designs experience development team able create high end graphics mobile restrictions reveal changes character initial costume negative player feedback skin shown outfit adjusted covering music music composed previous work includes 3rd birthday final_fantasy lightning returns final fantasy asked compose title impression new setting retained nostalgic elements earlier games series sought incorporate score piece encompassed prelude writing game needed create new tracks game updates added pressure create music appeal players concept present early stage changing battle music depending job equipped player created initial battle theme acted base themes added elements like electronic elements vocal work derivative tracks variety majority game choral work game main theme synthesizers needed remixes earlier final_fantasy music theme pieces final_fantasy games appear special game events estimated created songs game music recorded tokyo official soundtrack album game released square_enix music label february catalog number music album covers chapters according music feeling like reached natural transition point stage game release trademark original title final fantasy filed square_enix october game officially announced famitsu months later days later teaser site opened english japanese message team vision game final announced company dedicated game titles logo artwork took inspiration concept strip origin title changed apparently preparation international release pre registration opened april special weapon item available registered late localization officially announced revealed dedicated final_fantasy mobile app consideration later post app anniversary celebrations game confirmed localized version development international release confirmed july august reception pre registration period game received registered users july week release game million registered players japan number expanded million following month speaking release said square_enix considered game success introduced mobile community aaa style graphics square enix annual report noted successful mobile titles year stating higher production values compared mobile games market contributed popularity addition finalists unity awards mobile games best visual experience category named japan best pre release review praised gameplay strategy present early random encounters boss battles reviewer minor reservations quality entire game able play stated players encounter difficulties boss battles reviewer summed experience simple engaging famitsu similar feature praised gameplay presentation echoing thing noted performance needed adjusted different running game rapidly drained phones batteries highest settings reviewer recommended mobile phones means playing game western reviews similarly mixed touch arcade praising games visuals calling user interface overly busy nightmare examined game july called gameplay lacking plot noted chapters released western release pre registration exceeded registered users | Mobius Final Fantasy | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
14180_Agar.io | massively multiplayer action game created players control cell map representing dish goal gain mass possible smaller cells bigger ones comes substance culture bacteria game released positive critical reception critics particularly praised simplicity competition mechanics criticism targeted repetitive gameplay largely word mouth social networks quick success popular web mobile games year downloadable steam version announced mobile version ios android released july gameplay objective grow cell randomly generated slightly increase cell mass smaller cells larger cells currently holds game modes free teams experimental party goal game obtain largest cell players restart cells players change cell appearance words phrases symbols skins mass cell slower cells gradually lose mass time split cells larger pieces depending mass smaller cells hide underneath virus protection larger cells normally randomly generated players new feeding virus small fraction player cell mass virus times causing virus split create virus players split cell evenly divided cells direction maximum split cells ranged attack swallow smaller cells escape attack cell quickly map split cells eventually merge cell aside feeding players release small fraction mass feed cells action commonly recognized intention team player player mass trick enemies coming closer player enemy cell close player split cell eat enemy development announced april year old brazilian developer written game developed days game originally users connect address order play suggested anonymous user domain names taken continued adding new features game experience system experimental testing experimental features week later entered steam announcing future free play version game download planned include features steam version available version including additional custom account system approved listing steam community interest july published mobile version ios android head mobile explained main goal mobile version recreate gaming experience mobile citing challenges game controls reception released positive critical reception particular praise given simplicity competition mechanics game described game good fierce survival competition microscopic level praised simplicity strategic element personality criticism mainly targeted controls mobile version mixed game saying hold attention highly repetitive overall pocket gamer reviewing mobile version described controls frequently propagated social media broadcast youtube quick success website version ranked visited websites mobile versions downloaded million times week google searched game featured including details gameplay shot actual game chapter series gameplay compared presidential campaigning use political campaigns june turkish elections turkey medium political advocacy players naming cells turkish political parties references alliances formed players similar political views battling players opposing views political parties campaign posters symbol support | Agar.io | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
18390_GuitarHeroLive | guitar hero live guitar hero live music video game developed published released playstation playstation xbox xbox october ios devices including november previous games series goal use special guitar controller match patterns displayed scrolling note pattern screen time music game serves reboot franchise new entry series seventh installment overall wanted bring guitar hero generation video game consoles wanted new game innovative given free series led development new guitar controller featuring button layout contrast button controller previous games wanted bring experience player developed main career mode live note pattern displayed atop motion video taken perspective lead guitarist concert crowd band members reacting player performance wanted traditional downloadable content model provide new songs game created mode encompasses style music television channels streamed clock allowing easily acquire add new songs songs presented note track atop music video live concert footage allows players pick play currently streamed songs time use money game credits play song library traditional downloadable content game shipped songs disc songs library new content added weekly basis provided premium shows earn players unique rewards guitar hero live released generally positive reception critics praising new controller design providing realistic gameplay comparison previous games wider variety content available mode main live portion game received mixed reviews critics weak soundtrack lack multiplayer describing live action footage self aware exaggerated mode received mixed reception reliance inability permanently purchase songs gameplay guitar hero live follows similar gameplay previous installments series requiring players use guitar shaped controller buttons bar match notes scrolling highway corresponding notes played song contrast previous button design controller features buttons arranged rows represented note highway scrolling lanes screen containing black white notes representing rows lower difficulty levels use row buttons higher difficulties include chords use combination buttons rows game typically maps power chords use row buttons modifications chords include row notes held sustained indicated trailing lines note markers player use guitar bar alter held note pitch effect fast moving sections songs employ use hammer pull notes marked special outline played bar game retains concept open introduced previous titles represented horizontal bar lanes requiring player hit bar pressing keys player able select difficulty levels affect number complexity note patterns hit speed screen display guitar hero live played players playing separate guitar controllers split screen separate note highways competing best score songs live mode includes vocals allowing players sing tone song lyrics connected microphone game playable app ios mobile devices including fourth generation version supports touch mode support optional enabled guitar controller provides game way according touch mode note display geared button controller replaced touch screen buttons retains gameplay controller game plays size game relative storage space mobile devices guitar hero live ios units requires persistent internet connection songs including normally console disc soundtrack streamed played live game primary single player mode titled live game player completes songs experiencing motion video taken person perspective band lead guitarist video includes shots audience band members player performs songs audience responds positively good performances mistakes player makes mistakes row audience critical start performer win crowd player match notes correctly use collected rapidly regain interest replacing previous games collected correctly playing marked series notes track accumulated marked screen guitar picks track later times player release limited time guitar controller upward hitting special button controller career mode broken dozen sets set consisting songs video set includes band introduction band crowd songs final conclusion player unlock set order forward set complete player shown game ranking performance song based factors percentage notes hit correctly longest streak properly played consecutive notes long kept virtual crowd excited performance player ability play individual songs outside sets addition songs shipped disc additional songs introduced game starting mode player given choice number themed channels broadcast playable songs programs rotating schedule similar radio broadcast channel present new songs added songs played music video song live concert footage band playing song instead custom visuals main single player game player pick play song shown able use earned plays replay specific song outside channel rotation playing player scored track performance scores compared players playing time scores players help boost score players accumulate fashion live mode prior song player choose use coins game currency purchase hero powers deploy song improving score performance include temporary scoring ability clear notes short distance track increase decrease density notes song complete player ranked based performance tracked players awarded experience points coins bonuses experience points raise player rank allowing unlock player card skins features including play alternatively players use paid currency purchase access content update december players opportunity randomly pitted head head challenge player similar skill level twice half hour winning head head challenge player experience point boost new songs typically introduced limited time premium shows run week songs moved demand catalog later normal rotation purchased completing specific songs demand rotation play premium shows players complete manner normal songs earn unique game rewards coins alternate skins screen note highway players purchase party pass allows access demand songs paid features hours mode envisioned players hosting large parties similar events held weekend november hold promotional periods similarly offer access addition regular content provide specialty programming offer uniquely music video shows host segments wrapped playable songs features songs selected band include commentary band selections premiere new music video single dangerous january offered contest players win prizes participating special premium highlighting addition fire flames difficult songs appeared titles setlist soundtrack disc soundtrack guitar hero live includes songs spans diverse selection genres developers recognizing challenging guitar tracks strictly limited rock music game soundtrack include songs fall boy killers chemical romance pierce veil rolling_stones war drugs pre orders game offered access time limited premium featuring live recordings including shepherd fire buried alive nightmare filmed performances download festival england mexico_city additional songs provided songs playable launch developers plan adding new songs regular basis backwards compatibility songs controllers previous editions franchise developer justified decision explaining guitar hero live completely new game existing content work change core gameplay traditional downloadable content game form additional songs instead streaming nature provide new songs expect content available play development background aborted reboot rhythm games like widely popular market onset recession rhythm genre suffered major setbacks genre popularity quickly waned sales previous installment guitar hero warriors rock estimates lower previous games series weak sales led planned sequel franchise july interview ceo stated going try series stated development come end source close reported development studio game considered disaster cancelled game omitted additional instruments guitar peripheral unit include button mechanism replacing bar resulting unit considered expensive manufacture purchase developers started scratch try create new characters venues actual songs played feel music video ultimately proved challenge scrapped limited budget song selection limited low budget hits 1990s times songs previously included guitar hero games team year development cycle closed president seen current state project year point developer time cancellation stated come idea series person perspective approach developed prototype called guitar hero live time confirmed prototype inspiration revived series guitar hero live february rumors surfaced new entries franchises eighth generation consoles development announced march april officially announced reboot franchise guitar hero live development interview fortune magazine ceo found years game brand enjoyed high social media attention million followers facebook page stated realized needed series consumers consider previous games help sway turned earlier music games task developing new game given developed games critically praised released downward trend music game genre suffered result hiatus guitar hero series remained studio financially viable work development wrapped studio created internal research development department begin game input encouraged team reconsider noting fan dedication series noted game needed innovation successful gave team freedom develop game relying previous titles series core gameplay guitar hero live rebuilt scratch developer explained goal game bring big innovation franchise continue format previous games explained staff think guitar hero think music game guitar peripheral pretend team guitar hero series fun recounted earlier titles series designed enable player superstar guitarist subsequent design choices experience team cited fellow franchise duty influence goal providing person experience experimented options including controller game camera motion detection social based games recognized quickly guitar controller key series success developers recognized wanted guitar controller players embarrassed living rooms spent time getting look controller accurate real guitar design game guitar controller overhauled rapid test potential guitar designs final design controller live utilizes new design buttons arranged rows designated black white colored notes game instead traditional row colored previous games jackson explained new layout meant game easier new players button layout avoids need use finger difficulty recognized new players traditional button controller layout designed provide new challenge experienced players including realistic chords choice use buttons came statistical analysis past games players play harder medium difficulty level typically required use fingers previous button controllers initial controller presented studio met skepticism found players quickly adapted new scheme improvement older controllers note highways songs created programmers musicians software map controller buttons open bar note highways developed expert difficulty level essentially guitar song note note highways lower difficulty levels constructed removing notes assuring core rhythm song remained game presented realistic style rendered stages characters previous games replaced motion video shot person perspective lead guitarist real world concert settings video footage dynamic transition versions featuring positive negative reactions crowd band members based player performance person footage utilizes session musicians actors playing remaining members band filmed bolt robotic camera system programmed simulate motions guitarist stage bolt ran feet track able turn quickly mimicking speed musician movements prior filming bolt actor outfitted motion position acted song band actors movements recorded direct bolt replaced actor subsequent takes avoid injury actors motions camera routines choreographed based camera motions cues actors enable transitions positive negative versions band footage multiple takes performed song camera motions groups actors filmed green screen construct crowds varying takes editing techniques groups actors cover larger areas simulate larger crowds shots superimposed combination live footage actual rock concerts models constructed effects studio helped editing assembling digital live action footage audio effects footage varying volume certain instruments depending close player screen footage different bands represent songs guitar hero live mode playing different music festivals members fictional bands selected auditions prior filming making sure recreate actual performance song mixing matching members ensemble groups right look feel bands filmed warehouse oxford england help creating appropriate stage presence fictional bands fans created material band band career album covers clothing musical genres help inspire designs designed allow provide new music having secure stringent music licensing rights found mode attracted attention bands eager offer music bands saw comparable marketing music television channels 1980s 1990s putting imagery band player played compared music services like approach makes easier secure licensing rights fits better current culture nature society today according jackson jackson explained feature discovering music going finding music know like stated developed better means provide new songs players round clock content platform relying scheduled downloadable content allowing company provide larger quantity songs plans hundreds launch day game release guitar hero live considered game expanded future content patches opposed released new titles year previously led music genre decline added vocals prior game launch present plans include instruments bass guitar drums title jackson stating game guitars marketing promotion april jackson invited fall boy chemical romance promote game performed band song songs know dark guitar hero live mode way jackson chemical romance song commercial game revealed october starring conjunction ran special promotional ads guitar hero live featuring actors playing game week prior game release arranged rapper play guitar hero live halftime seattle home game sunday prior release game reception guitar hero live received positive reviews review websites gamerankings metacritic gave version based reviews based reviews playstation version based reviews based reviews xbox version based reviews based reviews reviewers praised risk changing gameplay guitar hero new controller design contrasting rock band reliance established gameplay mechanics chris_carter considered change series play controller enjoyed experience increased emphasis chords fancy finger work praised new controller finding higher difficulties game present challenging fake guitar playing seen having new playing style game difficulties levels delight game informer found button layout better traditional button nails different dynamic feel like playing realistic guitar chords game revolution impressed challenge new controller felt buttons small tight neck controller new challenge cause casual players attempt learn new system traditional layout motion video aspect live taken core gameplay gamespot found ignored motion video focused gameplay notice felt appeared borders parody absolutely trips sell idea totally super cool ign felt live action footage overly cheesy felt connection band playing little context given sets gamesradar found crowd states furious making transition game switched states simply based performance believed difficult actors seriously crowd reaction song based studio recordings sounding concert setting jones commented fictional bands matched songs played pacing presentation moving quickly songs experience feel like real concert acknowledged presentation potentially worthy felt video self awareness factor charming noting extra details actors fully roles soundtrack live portion considered weak found songs later classic rock songs considered soundtrack biggest disappointment live stated disc selections pop songs aren cut guitar hero gameplay feature repeating guitar riff griffin favorable disc set list finding tracks represented music landscape carter appreciated soundtrack calling good spread songs appeal mode mixed opinions reviewers praising concept presentation channels highlighted mtv giving player ability explore new music reviewers critical emphasis game generous providing free plays game currency rewards approach players carter found ignore instead enjoy freely playable music channels helping play music heard outside normal play style giving cool feeling exploring new music seeing music videos youth similarly found spend time free channels exploring new music believed mode somewhat time poor players find type music want play ready play lack programming guide channels griffin said structure weak compared established models believing options like party pack better unlock ability play songs enjoy miller stated structure preventing easily favorite songs play making frustrated game long run displeased need grind songs free channels earn play access song wanted play ability permanently unlock song stating lack freedom undermined lot fun premium shows particularly noted problematic addition lack practice mode songs impact players seek perfect song enjoy game mode tan noted addition time complete challenges game currency unlock player complete ranked positions earn offered prize failed repeat process earnings report shortly following game release stated guitar hero live previous games guitar hero warriors rock guitar hero report exact sales numbers quarterly earnings results presented february reported sales missed expectations march announced let employees studio remains open continue additional work prior stated continue produce content present plans game guitar hero live nominated game year nme awards family game year 19th nominated excellence convergence gaming awards family award | Guitar Hero Live | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
18677_FalloutShelter | fallout shelter free play mobile simulation video game developed assistance published fallout series released worldwide ios devices june android devices august microsoft windows july game tasks player building managing vault fallout shelter release received positive reviews critics enjoyed game extension fallout universe core gameplay visual style common criticisms included game lack depth use unnecessary lack ending game grossed million sales weeks release gameplay fallout shelter players build manage vault leader coordinator vault players guide direct citizens vault need happy meeting needs power food water rescue assign different resource generating buildings vault special statistics system fallout games character special profile affects ability generate different resources statistics increased training rooms devoted level time increasing health given new items weapons help tasks number increased waiting new arrive pairing male female living quarters produce babies balancing resources food water power important aspect game different rooms built vault providing different items bonuses players required spend money order accelerate long processes instead having option instantly complete tasks risk catastrophic failures fires players rewarded contain rewards items resources purchased separately development release interview talking possible fallout game ios said world fallout unique translate platform revealing designs ios fallout game pitched rejected november time worked software said official internal proof concept fallout iphone game said likely personally involved making game time working projects added going providing code fallout shelter announced press conference june confirmed game free play title released ios day developed partnership built unity game engine game released android devices august according vice president game inspired video games like faster light update version game announced press conference expo held june revealed coming july version released alongside update july updates june game added character fallout time leader added reward available weapon equipped vault july game received update fixed issues adding new photo mode feature allows players capture share images vault august major update launched ios version alongside release android version adding mole rats new enemies added new feature raiders begin steal caps instead stealing resources robot butler named available october game received update added cloud saving survival mode russian language support character fallout available ios version update added statistics page ability skip new gameplay feature equipment dead raiders later october game received halloween themed update added halloween themed room decorations outfits update removed limit introduced previous update number sent explore november game received thanksgiving themed update update added thanksgiving themed outfits decorations december game received update added new features like pets including ability vault sell function clearing inventory new lines conversations vault update added snow christmas themed decorations march update released added crafting system new rooms new card containing crafting new pets update released april adding new options vault ability scrap unwanted items support update released july adding quest system new items shop additionally combat system update reception fallout shelter received mixed reviews according video game review aggregator metacritic reviewers generally enjoyed gameplay criticized lack depth pocket gamer stated exactly exciting post apocalyptic game casual bag lot like chris_carter wrote don want play day forever definitely worth time invested ign remarked fallout shelter desperately need set goals resource look forward visuals gained praise game informer summarized visuals iconic aesthetic chris_carter remarked visually far impressive resource management games market found graphics impressive writing cute little vault presented sharp fallout faithful style vault stunning reviewers mixed opinions game inclusion game revolution opined add micro transaction advantage post apocalyptic mix result puts sour taste mouth claimed cash shop option free play game completely unnecessary contrast says virtually gameplay element earned old fashioned mobile way waiting fallout shelter popular free ios application day release popular ios game june june million players sales day release highest grossing game july weeks release game earned million sales awards | Fallout Shelter | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
19075_AdventuresofMana | adventures adventures action role playing video game developed published square_enix remake game boy game game series released worldwide android ios february playstation version released date japan june north_america europe addition releases square_enix considering developing playstation version player takes role young hero heroine tries stop dark lord destroying tree gameplay focuses sword combat seen perspective player traverses game world divided areas makes way dungeons fighting monster characters gauge shown screen filling time player gets hit attacks waiting attack gauge player use stronger attack player accompanied non player characters different skills player use help defeat enemies idea game came producer wanted games playable modern platforms series 25th anniversary initially argument square enix remake chose thought easier control base potential future remakes game received positive reviews reviewers giving particular praise visuals music calling better remake game boy advance game sword content adventures action role playing game player controls young hero heroine tries stop dark lord destroying tree game remake dimensional game boy game containing content versions game player controls hero virtual button set game seen perspective focuses sword combat player moves hero game world divided areas player enters enemy characters start appear areas game world dungeons player needs usually consist number rooms divided floors order navigate way dungeon player needs break walls unlock doors press buttons break addition regular enemies player needs defeat bosses mini bosses game defeating enemies player gains experience points hero level increase happens player gets points spend different disciplines gives hero access different abilities different stats associated discipline warrior associated physical attacks monk defense health points magic attacks magic points sage increase weapon limit gauge enemies defeated drop items player carry items grouped taking slot inventory battles weapon limit gauge shown filling time waiting attack gauge filled player use powerful attack specific currently equipped weapon gauge zero player attacks gets hit attack player able use different types weapons swords axes having different attack pattern sword attacks example mid ranged swings stabs attacks long ranged reach straight line hero weapons affect environment player cut trees axes instance variants weapon type bonus strengths flame variations effective ice monsters points game hero accompanied non player characters help player defeat enemies companions different abilities player use healing spell shop development release remake game boy game entry series second remake game boy advance game sword removed connections final_fantasy series favor connected rest series according producer development team focused original game good adding things possible original version hardware limitations aimed game comfortable intuitive play instance switching armor weapons items magic easier commands added game elements original game boy version example remake introduced ability play heroine like original male playable character conversely battle system user interface sword attack based original composer returned create updated dramatic remake idea develop remake came series 25th anniversary thought like players able play series order modern game platforms platforms android ios playstation decided beginning initially arguments square enix create game graphics settled thought games easier control additionally development team thought version better base potential remakes games depending reception said like develop remake consider secret depending demand game announced september development complete late december development complete game released worldwide android ios february japan playstation version released date responding feedback square_enix european branch said game development team examining possibility western release playstation version playstation version later released north_america europe june square_enix said considering playstation version game reception adventures positively received critics found high quality example genre called definitive version felt gameplay systems felt aged core gameplay lack guidance lack explanations game mechanics putting modern players felt sparse story set lack supervision training likely people wrong way refreshing liked simplicity efficiency game said remake unsure named game week calling truly wonderful remake said game decent construction tedious sword thought game excellent like oxford preferred sword said felt like new game like remake pocket gamer commented price considering high bird thought updates original game boy game visuals audio updates controls great impression game feel felt square_enix best looking sounding mobile game date actions game felt looked great oxford felt touch screen based controls ideal fast pace gameplay found touch controls fine thought game work better pad buttons praised presentation saying music superb game looked great thought game look impressive music excellent called music outstanding found monster characters look fantastic having benefited greatly updated graphics sure art direction human characters thought looked better sword | Adventures of Mana | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
19349_Evolve(videogame) | evolve video game evolve person shooter video game developed published distributed announced january originally set released late game delayed released worldwide microsoft windows playstation xbox february evolve uses structure players playing hunters monster battle alien planet called shear hunters gameplay based person shooter design monsters controlled person perspective hunters goal eliminate monster monster goal consume wildlife evolve stronger game played multiple players evolve major project company split concept evolve existed prior development previous game left dead inspired hunting games big game hunter idea prey strike hunters monster design originally intended later toned game powered believed engine capable creating dark dense forests featured game found difficulty seeking publishers provide funding marketing game originally set serve game publisher rights franchise publishing duties transferred filed bankruptcy late prior release evolve received largely positive reception won best awards electronic entertainment expo game tested general public multiple times release game received positive reviews critics praise directed game atmosphere structure controls designs received criticism progression system light narrative large downloadable content prepared evolve commercial success ceo saying property permanent franchise july announced evolve transitioning free play mixed post release reception controversy plot game set fictional future humans successfully discovered ways survive outside earth begun planets humans arrive shear distant planet located far arm space begin creating colonies industrial factories colonization progresses humans begin meet resistance alien life forms known monsters ability evolve consuming local wildlife monsters destroy colonies shear planet named brought retirement deal threat evacuate remaining colonists shear team hunters eliminate monsters protect communities gameplay evolve action video game focus operative competitive multiplayer gameplay game structure players control hunters fifth player controls monster hunters main objective track hunt monster limited time monster goal evolve powerful beginning match second given monster time escape hunters parachute plane monster started map features open world environment players explore play help hunters navigate environments quickly equipped allowing jump obstacles cliffs dodge attacks performed monster hunter energy team track monster place interactive map color different based players marked mark turns yellow environment orange wildlife red monster monster needs grow stronger order fight hunters hunting killing local wildlife order gain experience points gains experience monster evolve evolution monster health bar extended abilities available monster makes easier kill hunters monster vulnerable evolution caught hunters process disrupted monster enter stealth mode allowing avoid detection wildlife hunters evolve features different modes hunt nest rescue defend arena different objectives hunters monster evolve provides different structures game modes quick play starts single match evacuation serves match multiplayer story mode evacuation match gives winning advantage map having toxic gas monster immune autonomous gun turrets assist hunters evacuation mode ends defend match evolve features allowing players watch match playing match spectator jump cameras view match hunters monster perspectives normally players play standard round evolve hunters fighting monster playing players including single player possible modes computer controlled control characters allowing human players game mode players switch play class instantly single player match hunters evolve features total different human characters split classes class containing characters class different skills abilities players required operate match players unlock new characters progress game fourth assault character unlocked player upgraded previous assault characters hunters class features person gameplay ammunition weapons automatically use iron sights game evolve allow multiple players play class match gameplay variations present characters class assault assault class characters serve main damage dealers monster equipped heavy weapons including electronic assault rifle lightning gun assault class characters shields protection land mines shield provides temporary damage starting stage ability changed defense matrix new ability reduces damages attacked enemies class characters use gear track monster movements monster occasionally local wildlife birds use signs find location monster abilities tools slow movements monster following release stage alpha hunters gained ability use mobile arena gained plant ability similar monster smell support support class characters provide backup characters equipped damage dealing weapon laser cutter shield protect hunters use ability fellow hunters invisible monster view short period time stage gains ability charge shields companions hunters class characters main technique health team members equipped sniper rifle vulnerable points monster hunters attack abilities revive teammates killed monster according evolve concept artist playing stay avoid direct combat monster use abilities necessary starting release stage changes hunter classes class possesses ability deploy force field ability exclusive class limit monster movement small area ability time decreases hunters deal damages monster starting stage health hunters manage avoid damage longer rely class monsters total monsters featured evolve similar hunters players need inflict certain damage new monster different monster types different abilities offensive defensive players control monster person perspective features gameplay similar action game unlike hunters abilities given monster evolution gameplay mechanics change release stage monsters powerful given health stamina armor skill points unlock abilities time abilities shortened rate significantly faster starter monster available players strongest armor health monsters charge throw large rocks hunters temporarily perform attacks breathing fire leap smash order navigate environment leap obstacles second monster players unlock electricity based attacks lightning strike vortex electrical blast set traps mines map hurt hunters temporarily ascend air escape hunters past obstacles monster warp hunter blast dealing damage hunters launch small arena map grants bonus armor strength ability places kidnap hunter whilst group character abilities lava bomb hunters create rock wall hunter companions character abilities ability launch spider map acid spit web snare slow hunters abilities use second monster called mimic allows player control clone version explodes deal damage hunters sends smaller version trap hunters development origin evolve developed evolve creative director lead designer founders alongside team heritage developing competitive multiplayer games counter strike series left dead series according team wanted build operative multiplayer game gave team chance play family friends instead found offered enjoyable experience competitive multiplayer games concept evolve completed development left dead game evolve project hold thought technology time advanced handle game design merged valve early split away later year company staff members new company hoped use popularity left dead franchise create ambitious massive people forgot company eighth generation video game consoles released team realized create wanted reviewed previous projects eventually chose evolve straightforward concept team considered new project proving ground project ability build large scale game providing assistance valve development evolve officially began early design evolve inspired hunting games big game hunter members including thought gameplay hunting games animal tracking seldom incorporated action game result came original concept evolve players failed hunting animals attacked targets instead typical big game animals elephants lions team imagined king changed alien monster team picked sci setting allowing add creative unrealistic things game team took concept boss battles expanded concept key idea developing evolve team envisioned evolve video game version predator goal evolve create experience new video game players evolve carried game mechanics left dead discarded team originally thought added artificial intelligence system evolve wildlife later scrapped thought core experience offered evolve tracking hunting monster instead getting attacked wildlife constantly team thought added complex mechanics wildlife developer intentionally chose evolve action packed time introduced segments require players slow track monster explained design team wanted create contrast players appreciate action chaotic moments experiencing exciting segments design team deciding number hunters match chose believed optimal number team players lose track stats health players allowed players work character left neglected team monster perspective design team thought having hunters engaging combat monster provide challenge monster find difficulties keeping track hunters match feel balanced hunter team divided different classes makes senses according order showcase features abilities different classes class different variations appearances costume colors designed characters recognizable memorable reason design team wanted monster adapt use different strategies dealing different hunters considered way effectively extend evolve add variety gameplay originally hunter characters evolve design team experimented free play model list characters expanded titular evolve game mechanic inspired bomb planting mode counter strike series monsters started relatively weak creature defeated easily stronger gains skills early complained game mechanic thought bring unfair disadvantage hunters evolve like monster design team chose maintain game mechanic thought create engaging experience added game mechanics create turning tables feeling hunters thought sudden change strategy offensive defensive help deliver dynamic experience players monster originally intended play person perspective later shifted person perspective development person control system considered clumsy confusing person perspective took control away players design team considered designing person gameplay challenge prior experience creating games hand design team implemented person gameplay hunters evolve development started design team thought person perspective provide sense tension players able evolve environments based earth design team wanted create world felt believable players regions geological sense early concept design found extreme result design team drew inspiration real world landscapes design team wanted evolve set lush forests hunters monsters hide design team tried source game engine create forest landscape ultimately failed design team researched powers games like design team felt set new standards game environments decided utilize evolve evolve maps designed dark mysterious characters hide presenting sense surprise players ambushed evolve multiplayer focused design team time focus developing evolve narrative campaign conversations characters reduced multiplayer mode design team thought negatively impact conversations players story narrative significant single player mode evolve adapt traditional storytelling methods campaign mode instead players learn hunters backstory fictional world shear slowly progressing evolve playing different characters lead different conversations dialogues characters evolve features inspired result wildlife intentionally designed feature previously drawn lot monster designs publisher time thought designs looked unique benefit game team began developing marketing monsters stereotypical design original based changed hybrid according evolve producer design features later added design players feel connected monsters especially killed game second monster team wanted create electricity based creature looked marine creatures inspiration monster inspired team noted key feature monster abduction ability design team felt capture tense exciting moments classic monster movies team designed monsters dropped technical issues evolve artificial intelligence system abilities deemed powerful animation problems evolve soundtrack composed graves composed monsters soundtracks composed hunters soundtracks according graves music inspired aliens predator series graves stated intentionally chose use orchestra based style music instead graves synthesizers create sounds described odd according graves evolve soundtrack evolved game development progressed shifted electronic synth based hunters soundtracks futuristic synth sounding monsters soundtracks drum intense publishing evolve multiplayer structure new concept video game industry development new developer worried wondered working project design team uncertain structure work according publishers heard original creators left dead making new game interested design team encountered difficulties pitching game months prepare pitching process according publishers conservative idea attempted holes pitch representatives publishers excited pitch knew extension tank mode left dead questioned ability making triple video game uncertain project invest multiple failures team looked business partner company supported idea need operative shooter fit games lineup eventually partnered evolve serve game publisher help funding according game forgot bring battery president later excited idea time entered financial difficulties suffering severe decline profits knew internal problems decided financial situation continued declared bankruptcy december evolve listed alongside titles montreal court documents filed unable continue publishing funding roles auction held publishers acquire titles publishers interested game visited secret project team frustrated felt situation control later contacted suggested bid game bid project described bank paid million acquire game secure rights entire franchise publishing label games served game publisher despite team super excited collaborate january announced evolve declared gold indicating prepared release release evolve leaked court document expected game released fiscal year partnership companies revealed game revealed gaming magazine game informer january announced game released microsoft windows playstation xbox globally october later decided extend evolve development time frame allow polish game fully realize vision evolve result evolve delayed february prior release game multiple times general public alpha version evolve called released xbox october alpha version evolve originally set released playstation day later october delayed november technical issues related update compensation duration demo extended day ended november platforms players play classes hunters alpha version expected people participate alpha team hoped alpha testing test functionality game adjustments game balance open beta trials held january limited test playstation held january players play hunters beta evacuation mode added beta january addition game standard edition players purchase game season pass deluxe edition monster race edition season pass features additional hunters set monster skins deluxe edition features content season pass new monster called monster race edition exclusive players features content additional hunters evolve release new season pass called evolve hunting pass released june features new skins hunters new monster media january mobile game titled evolve hunter quest appeared briefly ios app store later removed game released january ios android windows phone fire devices game free play tile matching video game companion app evolve evolve hunter quest players match colour order attacks enemies fill energy bars activate special hunter abilities earn mastery points level mastery points earned app applied characters main evolve game platform players download app unlock unique game art watch online matches view evolve launched merchandise items handled evolve merchandise collection includes shirts different toys evolve including inches tall hank characters available player statue standing inches tall available purchase post release interview claimed evolve best support downloadable content downloadable content packages covered evolve season pass november founder confirmed ign maps free charge stated reason allow people don play difference play hunters monsters despite turtle rock claiming maps free players high number paid attracted criticism fans feel constitutes large content deliberately withheld sold players purchased game wrote negative reviews game steam complaining excessive planned countered claiming content possible packaged main game including content created completion evolve development release evolve launched different paid skin packs free updates added game observer mode added march strategic mode arena mode introduced thought game format potential game expressed similar enthusiasm added resources developing centric features evolve fans game expressed demands collaborated host special tournament players battle titular robot film february took place march tournament revealed future evolve determined june tournament hosted july announced game transitioning free play game title evolve stage game downloadable content controversy mixed critical reception new version introduces new changes including longer time non ranked queue casual players changes hunters abilities promised patches released frequently items featured game unlocked simply playing game alpha version stage begin july followed beta august year players purchased game given founders status gives exclusive items reception pre release evolve received largely positive reception critics initial announcement nominated different awards best best original game best console game best game best action game best online multiplayer won lost best original game awards man sky best game rainbow siege evolve named best game best console game microsoft xbox best game best online multiplayer game publisher games stated awards indicated evolve defining title playstation xbox controversy caused customers game criticized serving framework release post release evolve received positive reviews review website metacritic gave playstation version based reviews microsoft windows version based reviews xbox version based reviews game received users steam excessive sold day game structure game received praise critics ign thought system smart successfully delivered unique multiplayer experience players added system deep evolution mechanic saved contradicted stated game overall great gimmick little play month longer gamer commended structure considered compressed multiplayer experience added structure genre needs game revolution praised idea added distant gameplay elements monsters hunters successfully introduced evolve broad audience noted structure repetitive boring players months gamespot appreciated structure thought battle feel vicious intense game informer thought structure felt limited evolve modes failed offer variety challenges players thought evolve presented best moments multiplayer game felt moments far monster gameplay praised thought tasked players use skills patience playing evolve provided satisfying rewards player successfully hunters sentiment echoed commended thought encouraged hit run tactics thought monster gameplay old fast furthermore noted monsters felt evolve feel controls game received praise thought designed applauded accessible nature wrote similar statement thought gameplay difficult master gamesradar praised evolve shooting mechanic complained action presented screen chaotic players handle felt game modes terms fun certain game modes fun team penalty criticized fact outside private friends choose game mode hunt process hunting monster praised thought hunting process tense actual confrontation combat hunters monster classes applauded considered distant class abilities successfully players operate order achieve success making decision choosing correct character important tactical contradicted felt hunter gameplay finding monster hollow generally consisted going circles thought evolve successfully delivered compelling experience playing players surprised game balance monster hunters thought playing game players experience players communicate thought evolve deliver enjoyable experience players play overall experience players failed liked evolve resources management need hunters manage conserve energy hunter characters featured game received praise thought hunters game memorable pre game dialog thought dialogue written called true beauty evolve echoed similar statement calling charming thought progression system characters repetitive players need play game continuously unlock characters compared narrative left dead thought evolve map design received mixed reviews thought shear beautifully realized planet thought maps detailed varied thought successfully captured unsettling atmosphere applauded maps agreed maps designed criticized maps felt similar offered particularly unique experience required players change tactics added lack variety significantly lowered evolve echoed similar statement adding maps bland look different progression system received criticism thought unnecessary addition game added upgrade system hides lot content players play game frequently thought character unlocked felt motivated continue play game thought system offer content described thin echoed felt characters grind sales evolve debuted software sales chart title games published spot march evolve second best selling game united_states february according handheld game legend average player count steam declined significantly game launch game player count increased listed steam played games transition free play model million new players played game transition financial analyst estimated physical copies sold evolve launch month current sales rate average figure triple gaming industry stated evolve niche reach wide audience adding negative reception plan hindered success considerably despite president stated evolve achieved incredibly successful launch company satisfied sales game million copies game shipped ceo considered property permanent franchises joining | Evolve (video game) | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
19872_FinalFantasyType-0HD | japanese hepburn action role playing game developed square_enix published square_enix playstation xbox later microsoft windows steam released worldwide march steam port released august high definition japan exclusive playstation portable game spin main final_fantasy series nova set games sharing common story focuses class zero group fourteen students fight neighboring launch assault group efforts push defeat forces secret war existence crystals received japan release began development promote generation gaming consoles gave opportunity multiple changes experience players outside updated graphics expanded color palette largely identical original version original multiplayer functionality dropped additional difficulty levels implemented reached high positions international sales charts sold million copies worldwide october received praise story battle system criticisms focused upgrade localization gameplay action role playing video game utilizes real time battle system similar vii player controls class zero elite fighting force fourteen students outside mission environments class zero home base class zero scaled world map world foot recurring birds final_fantasy series split missions free periods free periods missions players explore breed personal use complete quests characters liberated towns missions members class zero selected missions kept reserve case player character dies lead character swapped time controlled game artificial intelligence certain story missions players real time strategy battles world map combat missions players gain experience points increase experience level defeat enemies obtaining defeated enemies upgrade characters magic skills character access summoned monsters called original japanese summoned limited periods cost character total health core gameplay remains multiple adjustments existing systems version features difficulty levels opposed original including easy option original game multiplayer elements removed consoles types magic accessories previously available multiplayer incorporated single player campaign feature unique support personnel system activated controlled support characters place normal party members points earned battle purchase special items additional character costumes included original demos downloadable content included costumes unique version development production development team explored possibility high definition port game idea went experimentation team focused keeping game portable experience team experimented sequel eighth generation consoles production halted development team transferred time working original director decided develop eighth generation consoles game began development time shifted playstation xbox came board july year director producer involvement fairly minor directing duties main development handled previously collaborated successfully square enix 3rd birthday developed high definition legend wind intended incentive final_fantasy players japan west purchase eighth generation consoles release original plan port seventh generation playstation xbox consoles eighth generation consoles proved popular tokyo game development experience seventh generation console hardware team focused eighth generation versions according art director moving playstation portable eighth generation hardware proved hard team despite early claims version developed playstation according difficulties console development environments wish playing experience home consoles handled screen displays world map features lip square enix handled graphics character models cutscenes lighting effects game assets improved updated consoles technology utilized alongside large proportion upgrade house engine engine originally meant role compared elements ended far anticipated resolution increased original game required despite changes team took care lighting shadow effects remained faithful look original game visual style fundamentally alter experience scheduling pressure team experienced difficulties hardware time developing eighth generation consoles lighting effects took year development finish characters appearance team forced focus main characters production consequently work main characters gameplay models team adapted models original cutscenes detailed original gameplay models higher count wanted main characters remain true possible original appearances models appearing older original gameplay models needed adjusting better reflected original models team adjusted characters appearances slightly charming visual going game reveal team needing create special characters operating inside production environments ultimately visuals gave team guide final game look like reducing trial error new gameplay content added team instead focused upgrading graphics adjusting existing gameplay home consoles including lower difficulty level complaints players original game difficult carrying original multiplayer functions considered lengthened estimated development time year priority bring game fans worldwide multiplayer associated elements removed incorporated single player campaign decided creation demo international version reason substitute multiplayer team strengthened improved original single player function original team names developers core team square enix departments main story remained unchanged secret future type games commissioned created square_enix cgi movie subsidiary based early ideas small piece shown privately attendees square_enix 25th anniversary commemoration event final_fantasy series writer returned write scene fatally wounded warrior resembling main protagonist ace saved death fire spirit suggestion expanded color palette increase game realism tie art style original idea change original red golden match redone logo graphics looked dark large screen adjustment blue tones added scenery additional bass sounds added sound effects original platform speaker system previously limited range strength sounds original camera behavior needed developed scratch camera angles original looked place large screen run release team modifications camera receiving negative comments demonstrations addressing scenery collisions visibility player enemy characters active gameplay modifications character speed movement increased improved december game final stages development undergoing music original soundtrack composed music crisis world ends rearranged remixed recorded soundtrack original soundtrack composed limits hardware making unsuitable new console release restricted budget bulk work changes making choral sound prominent addition composed new battle theme recorded english version colorful falling love track alternate ending lyrics translated singer worked english version overseas version game included remastered soundtrack commercial release original theme song zero japanese rock band translated version considered localization team permission band decided use original song add subtitles song lyrics additional ending credits new song titled lit commissioned created different songs final choice wanted song japanese style wrote lyrics archaic japanese originally wanted write lyrics english created recorded person team composed music singer wrote sang lyrics members alternate rock band pay money pain performed bass guitar drums respectively song heard final japanese trailer commercial blu ray release soundtrack original soundtrack released march includes entire soundtrack newly composed tracks tracks bonus tracks selected previous work best collection blu ray album reached oricon charts remained charts week album music general received positive comments music critics reviewers game release released march north_america japan europe respectively came english japanese voice tracks regions game included demo titled demo available limited quantities exclusive physical print editions came digital edition months release collector edition available square_enix online store came special featuring tracks calendar featuring official artwork card set cards modeled ace battle cadet limited editions game produced north_america europe sale selected high street online stores playstation hardware bundle produced japan featuring copy game download code demo console themed game port platform developed port created response fan demands version contrast console version port allowed graphic adjustments included camera control motion issues raised players reviewers release port released august promotion port pre order gifts use created final_fantasy title rated mature north american release western release collector edition similar released japan created included card soundtrack selection addition included english translation game prequel manga holding game disc soundtrack selection featuring logo artwork page forward written winners separate special received themed xbox promotional artwork posters specific console play arts mini ace gold bird pin runners received individual pieces excluding consoles promote north_america trailer game shown cinemas prior season big film releases shortened version trailer released online promote game release square enix offered japanese thriller free rental xbox weekend following game release initial release patch released fix issues similar fixed port release version suffered graphics problems crashes graphics locked localization international version reported works guide later commented main reasons original version coming west market uncertainty making port impractical originally square_enix europe december logo interview gamespot november stated square enix taking clean slate terms plans stating demand western release considered month alleged voice actor game said english voice recording game completed late english voice actor revealed voice recording eventually completed according english voice actor game recording process interview september commenting prequel hopeful western release said planned western release reaction fan community games deciding factor project officially green lit final stages preparation clarified time game transition mobile devices localization officially decided early survey taken found large number fans wanted game released overseas localization announced officially announced square_enix electronic entertainment expo official english version momentarily announced official playstation blog clarified erroneous hour later reception critical reception ign found portrayal cadets involvement war incredibly moving intrigued story focus war found need understand lore mythology ending convoluted gamesradar fascinated game setting questions posed morality memory finding story worth experiencing writing gamespot generally enjoyed story despite noting main plot complicated quickly stated ending introduced new story elements comfort found overall story enjoyable gaps story character development need replay game story leaves questions doubt beginning end eurogamer similarly critical need understand terms unfamiliar series newcomers disliked length cutscenes change grim imagery lighter subjects like breeding said setting story superficial similarities later books improved story confusing opening game informer stated story started strongly enjoyable began focusing game overarching narrative said abundance characters negative impact characterization rpgfan despite saying game goofy faces silly moments found story themes engaging gamer positive feeling story characters reminded poor quality anime series sullivan generally enjoyed combat saying felt powerful combat super fast paced calling game best feature finding real time strategy segments unpleasant game original form found enjoyable mastering class zero fighting styles despite difficulty spikes noted gameplay elements stopping use certain items enjoyment combat famitsu echoed points praise original generally saying veterans original newcomers finding equally enjoyable pleased change portable platform home consoles said game combat fast paced complex tough found battles welcomed change compared previous final_fantasy titles disliked aspects lock mechanic miller enjoyed exploring characters battle abilities found high speed experience considered real time strategy elements boss fights systems poorly developed found combat mechanics sharp satisfying generally praising combat mechanics critical lengthy beginning game disappointed gameplay segments missions impact characters combat ability persona series generally enjoyed combat activities game inadequate introduction gameplay elements called combat saying handled options better games genre roberts enjoyed combat found rpg gameplay outside far weaker limited optional gameplay segments combat segments offering opportunities character development quests generally praised point criticism shared western reviewers original version camera control famitsu contrast praised camera movement mixed game upgrade stating background gorgeous main characters moved expressed emotion properly characters stories receive attention main cast disappointed result frequently citing scenery character behavior looked place big screen miller said game visuals dominated muddy textures frequent loading negatively noted removal original multiplayer praised upgrades main characters noted multiple inconsistencies environments cutscenes famitsu found graphics dramatically beautiful found strange seeing original environments large screen said hard eyes upgrades expected sullivan praised lighting effects shared criticism noted low quality environmental textures saying bored environments stopped caring halfway story localized dialogue received mixed negative reactions multiple reviewers english voice actors performances opinions port mixed marked improvement ports games acknowledging issues graphics controls roberts impressed performance sales japan reached sales charts debut week selling version accounted roughly xbox version sold roughly resident evil revelations provoked rise sales console sales remained consistent ultimately performed poorly selling shipment sold units japan august 26th best selling video game period western territories demand notably higher original version released outside japan reached second place gaming charts reached tenth place north american charts march october sold million copies worldwide making solid contribution square enix fiscal income year company catalog eighth generation console games | Final Fantasy Type-0 HD | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
20365_TheWitness(2016videogame) | witness video game witness puzzle video game developed published inc witness released microsoft windows playstation january ios port versions platforms scheduled later date inspired game involves exploration open world island filled natural man structures player progresses solving puzzles based interactions presented panels island hidden environment player determine rules puzzle visual clues audio recordings scattered island game lead creator director desired create game non verbal communication wanting players learn observation come finding solutions leading greater sense involvement accomplishment success game includes puzzles player required solve finish game originally announced witness lengthy development period blow started work title short break releasing financial success allowed hire larger team peak develop title sacrificing vision final product team developed game engine allow greater freedom designing game visual style artists building landscape architects retained design structures island realistic feel visual representation required protracted development process game release delayed years original plans release playstation xbox abandoned game engine demanding blow opted develop console version playstation claiming sony open independent developers witness received widespread acclaim critics praised difficult puzzles game art setting week release game sold copies year release nearly development costs gameplay witness puzzle adventure game experienced person view player unnamed character explores island numerous structures natural formations island roughly divided sections arranged mountain represents ultimate goal player section gold box reached activate requiring player complete sequence puzzles section reach activated turret emerges box shines light mountain indicating section complete player needs activate boxes game able access inside mountain ultimately reach game final goal additional puzzles discovered turrets activated additional optional puzzles scattered island optional set puzzles accessible entering mountain colloquially referred challenge time based test complete dozen generated seven minutes set music dance hall mountain king final game puzzles estimates average player hours solve puzzles include blow believed players able solve puzzles based mechanic tracing path maze like route starting point represented circle goal point represented line segment rounded end crossing path goal puzzles simply complete maze find right path completes puzzle correctly starting points goals player find right starting point complete maze figure reach specific end point trigger event surrounding environment moving platform puzzles include symbolic language denotes mechanics maze example puzzles present black white squares spaces paths require player find path maze separates squares color puzzles require player use environment determine solve puzzle studying nearby tree branches mimic puzzle observing symbols nearby floors walls align puzzle configuration puzzles island section based common mechanic sequence puzzles appearing early section designed help player identify understand mechanic meaning symbols later puzzles combine different mechanics puzzle consistent symbolic language puzzles located recognizable eye level panels scattered island connected power cables light puzzle solved guiding player puzzle puzzles panels incorporate game architecture puzzle requires player view background elements semi transparent puzzle panel determine solution non obvious puzzles built environment requiring player find correct point complete puzzle time player engage maze drawing mode marked white border screen mode player avatar prevented moving instead allows player use controls trace path presented maze mode ends player puzzle mode normally mode activated panel moving player view directly panel solve activated time engage puzzles based points nearly puzzles provide immediate feedback solved correctly sound effects visual indication puzzles given section island presented non linear fashion open world nature game player encounter puzzle panels learn symbolic language players required finish puzzle start leave area solve puzzles potentially gaining insight new symbolic language inspiration difficult solutions blow stated game response concerns players blow point magic happens player mind understands subtle things saying aren puzzles lines communication aggregate complex eventually surprising things island stations audio recordings provide quotes player people voice actors logs include player encounter theater short video clips connections series ending viewed number visual based depth perception player position found game environment seemingly disparate figures different parts island appear holding hands viewed right position angle development concept witness envisioned released seeing title success blow took time development instead spent time prototype new game concepts spending months concept proved basis witness prototype blow considered ambitious challenging considered risky include development gameplay engine feared fall square state living success fail despite challenges blow continued forward witness compelling prototypes crafted direct development work title began late game concept based earlier title blow envisioned completed unfinished title gameplay aspect magic moment according blow title exciting witness gameplay based magic moment previous concept game wrapping game story blow compared moment movie avoided disclosure mechanic aspects game maze panel idea bore earlier idea blow game involving player cast spells mouse gestures popular element video games time ability modify effect spells slight alterations specific gestures elements witness story borrow game concept goal witness demonstrate video games art form exploring different non verbal communication games think important understanding games medium according blow game witness derived core gameplay aspect making player surroundings discover meaning solutions puzzles verbal communication similar approach taken blow attributes witness design game got video game development aspect blow desired correct nature hunting puzzles player click parts virtual machinery knowing end result later puzzle witness blow created mechanic puzzles avoid confusion maze panels mechanic interaction mechanics rules behavior described game symbolic language limit result interactions form core puzzles game island divided sections information player needed understand specific behavior puzzles section general location means cut lot ambiguity exist adventure games puzzles game designed meaningful context game simply puzzle solved aimed different puzzle game game concept balance puzzle solving perception giving player freedom explore witness world creating non linear approach gameplay puzzles blow created involved clues objects world led recognize needed create world support puzzles form exploration puzzle solving lot sense blow blow created island open world players leave puzzles stuck work ones avoid player able solve key puzzle common issue adventure games according blow blow wanted puzzles clearly presented open red approach taken exploration encouraged game narrative told audio logs player find island blow attempted create feeling loneliness beautiful space player logs found order blow hopes player different perception narrative depending approached game initially audio logs story driven blow opted later change information similar text elements avoid directly relating story game player let think narrative means instead blow team designed narrative solve puzzles gain concrete understanding story nature story witness blow designed game avoid simply rewarding player forcing player proceed fixed actions simply gain achievement instead game designed player option explore learn world created game come puzzles blow designed use achievements required chosen consoles seeing simply means reward player blow states concerns pop messages occur consoles computer versions considers witness subtle kind game quiet ambient audio pop ups blow acknowledged witness difficult game intentionally developed mass audience considers approach providing additional instructions player contrast typical nintendo games contrast games developed time blow considered treat players lowest common wanted audience witness player likes treated intelligent person compared approach took witness gravity rainbow novel isn holding hand way sure understood believed video game game timed challenge featuring randomly generated puzzles purposely designed difficult according blow intended testing deeply player rules puzzles quickly react new configurations funding development witness announced following release previous game time blow firm plans release publication game allocated budget game blow created team development publication witness december blow working remotely additional time roles artist technical programmer blow stated time members team people involved peak witness incorporates artists programmer contributions smaller roles previously worked blow art design worked design witness contributors include provided concept artwork game developed rendering system game illumination visual effects blow gives credit graduated graphic artist hired transforming original sparse imagery island vivid scenery included final game work game blow able focus time core game design allowing team implement vision contrast development program game witness took seven years complete blow attributes long period expansion game scope team continued work opted time cost saving solutions affected ambition game game scope shelf game engine instead revenues sales totaling million april development costs blow seek additional capital february having exhausted revenues believed regardless costs extra development time debt justified long run final development costs estimated million blow considers witness indie game lack funding support major publisher feels scope project time cost closer aaa studio produce represents new type game development industry witness uses engine developed blow team took significant portion development time blow game engine instead existing solution unity able fully control element game engine created compact game world compared open world games island witness treated zone gameplay engine development presented secondary challenge team concurrently work project needed find means allow multiple developers edit areas locking version control system able work connected central blow team developed unconventional means game world text files revision control time making easy individuals discover conflicting edits converted entities game world individual files tracking reduce conflict edits features system including defined control points terrain elements automatically seamless connections game rendering engine built world editor game engine easily access existing serialized elements create new ones development team incorporated support upcoming virtual reality hardware witness following november meeting blow developers demonstrating upcoming technology blow found help enhance player ability explore island technical support present released game witness designed advantage virtual reality puzzles cheated head movement separated body movement according programmer design art sound design layout island witness nearly consistent start game development team working world specific puzzles detailing landscape art assets writer played demo game noted island remained familiar sessions aspect design game world use power cables running island connecting puzzle panels mechanics control blow found help initial parts game provide extreme clarity player discovered game grind repeating pattern course development power cable aspects kept designers changed easy trace landscape means guide player potential objectives island structured provide fair mix puzzle solving exploration narrative elements avoiding choice giving player freedom knowing according artist things blow wanted player mountain aware ultimate goal game initially started player abandoned bunker converted living space originally arranged player exit bunker facing mountain attempted rotate bunker space meet blow goal ultimately scrapped favor simpler space interior elements fit portions game player climb external environment mountain view introductory area meant serve game helping players understand fundamental mechanics switch solving puzzles exploring environment find spent great detail time fine tuning details clear verbal explanation team artists worked support blow objective guiding player contrasts color natural man structures highlight areas player drawn blow wanted game art start bright colors high present type optimism player later settings game bright wanted sure elements game world stood avoid visual noise game interfered puzzle solving accomplish team review game new player identify elements visually drawn identify features island incorporated early longer appropriate final game art style influenced approach eliminating details keeping overall shapes objects clearly recognizable according took inspiration real world photography artwork environments games wanted ensure player able recognize area island based visual appearance types trees assured distinction assets possible blow team able engage real world architecture firm landscape architecture team help develop environments witness according founder developed cultivated areas based concept different civilization periods later building structures earlier ones structures needed studios helped bring design principles main development team allowing ideas final game blow said guidance advice architects helped craft island way feels details place brain kind picks blow gives example buildings island states deterioration designed fully detailed complete structures purposely worn create ruined look resulting structures retain consistent details remains wooden support posts away castle aid player final game shipped little music instead relying ambient sounds environment developed blow felt addition music layer stuff works game ambient sound effects difficult include island game takes place lacks animal based making player aware island ambient sounds recorded sound capturing walking layered sound effects enable different variations depending player location island providing seamless transition environment marketing release game quietly revealed public blow penny arcade expo help independent developers sharing booth space demonstrations games provided table demonstrating witness signs markings blow wanted demonstration subtle surprise players reactions pressure players waiting line try game blow present expo kept distance demonstration table fact witness playable expo fully revealed expo blow saw played game mention presence later players tried game saw footage article concerned witness simply series solve blow reiterated game encountered similar problems trying promote seeing videos portions game serve demonstrate happens player mind puzzle solving process time reveal blow anticipated release witness microsoft windows ios devices unspecified set consoles including possibly xbox playstation later year blow stance felt console release initial release considering additional programming time limitations console platforms november blow able hire programmers release consoles commit console release initially additional labor help possible console version ready time game launch version consoles available later time game development progressed engine complex blow opted development seventh generation console versions citing relatively low system development witness generation consoles improved hardware capabilities possibility blow team started looking opportunity discounted citing low decided choose playstation xbox platform time decision sony able provide hardware information development kits sony sought independent developers like blow learn upcoming playstation preparation launch microsoft released firm specifications console blow opted playstation platform decision aided representatives sony interested bringing game system larger trend sony bring downloadable independently developed games console contrast microsoft controls blow affirmed monetary deal involved decision blow later acknowledged difficulties working microsoft past previously explained issues microsoft release earlier game witness planned launch window title playstation time limited console exclusive windows ios versions point planned released alongside playstation version barring development delays blow team encountered console versions come later opted develop witness remained development missing planned release blow team continued improve fine tune game september blow announced game release set january simultaneously playstation microsoft windows ios version follow shortly rated title xbox prior game release blow clarified presently plans release platform acquiring rating console platform time confirmed versions avoid having step prior release future week release blow announced game priced said fairly reflective game value met criticism high price indie game game journalists believe price justified given estimated hour blow stated comparing similar puzzle game principle released price help promote game development team created long videos inspired experimental film slowly panned island features additional commentary blow stated discussions publishers physical release game opted step initially citing additional time needed manufacturing distribution processes game completed released digitally looking potential retail versions following release players reported getting motion sickness combination narrow field view game player viewpoint motions walking blow stated working patch allow players adjust field view disable head enable faster movement options reception witness received critical acclaim release currently holds metacritic score microsoft windows based reviews playstation based reviews ign awarded game perfect score calling masterpiece stating beautiful powerful designed puzzle game wealth mysteries praised game use person perspective present simple series puzzle boards impressed steep learning curve puzzles presented impossible puzzles melt simple exercises visited nearby locations slant_magazine found shift player reached puzzles inside mountain puzzles relied clinical environment contrasting rest island wired impressed game noted lack narrative gameplay guidance cause players bounce game entirely completing game believed blow compared game novel gravity rainbow failed create vivid living setting island contrast novel engaging work eurogamer praised game puzzles providing numerous moments player considered title video game analog felt narrative atop puzzles self involved obscure believed omitted blow team tried puzzle art beautifully successfully art puzzles gave game rating describing uplifting frustrating criticized length time involved solving certain puzzles expressing concern patient players naturally lead cheating gamer critical game giving stars initially praising visuals setting found puzzles difficult simply going proper feedback getting wrong suggesting blow maybe little close work theories proposed meaning story witness attempting analyzing meaning game gamesradar felt witness nature scope theory knowledge roberts stated proceeds puzzles game player begins recognize elements island setting puzzles obtain game credit sequence true ending stated roberts player environmental puzzle built puzzles encounter island end journey beginning beginning leads end cycle week release blow stated sales witness nearly year release later specified week sales copies gross revenues million track break development costs start considering game platforms potentially including ios android xbox time blow observed windows version witness downloads illegal sites comparable seen opted strong digital rights management title believes people freedom things said change mind software piracy controls happen game | The Witness (2016 video game) | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
22724_GrowHome | adventure platform video game developed published released microsoft windows february playstation september game follows robot named tasked growing plant home planet players explore open world moving individually arms climb interact objects initially developed small team internal release game popular workers eventually planned official release confirmed blog post january created unity game engine contains procedural animation physics based gameplay allow player movements adapt game environment received favorable reviews release critics praising open world visuals criticising short length sequel entitled grow announced electronic entertainment expo released august gameplay adventure game played person perspective players control robot named botanical utility tasked growing climbing star plant giant harvesting seeds players able freely explore open world ability individually left right hands grab button hand player reach small distance grab environment allowing push climb objects game ship computer entitled speaks player informing gameplay objectives game allows players grow star shoots act platforms player traverse star shoots grown limited time path growth directed player carry player floating islands found game world islands called energy rocks connected star shoots star plant grow set path energy rocks distant game progresses growing certain heights star plant grows larger floating islands islands smaller ones surrounding star plant contain power crystals collected provide extra abilities creatures plant life found game islands environmental features caves water currents parts environment leaves growing allow player jump greater heights normally possible affect player moves world pads allow player world quickly act save points player activated pad die caused falling long distances water long player making self additionally players scan flora fauna retrieve data items picked player stored time flower player fall slowly ground leaf allow player travel air player grows metres returns seed main objective completed player given choice collecting seeds completing final objective special suit allows player jump twice high finishes game players free explore world completion development began development experimental project created person team initially launched internally staff testing project management decided officially launch title developed game inspired galaxy wall grow home minimalist low graphical style uses procedural animation physics based gameplay allow objects player actions adapt environment developers recommend play game gives player deepest connection gameplay mechanics game created unity engine unlike titles require run announced post official blog january released february microsoft windows service released september playstation version released version sells copies released multiple updates game following release containing new missions skins bug reception received positive reviews release metacritic assigns rating range calculated average score based reviews version indicating generally favorable reviews aggregate website gamerankings received based reviews version according march copies sold steam open world highly regarded critics gamer stated game joy discovery said got enjoyment exploring world eurogamer reviewer called game map wonderfully generous varied reviewers criticised game length davis calling relatively short stating player couple hours complete game campaign said game great pace ign said little reason return game completing main campaign game visuals commended calling game world gorgeous vivid calling generated animation fantastic example movement speak volumes words stated animation system caused limbs knot state unnatural rock paper shotgun said main character movement deeply involved world calling animation reason game special critics divided game control scheme wrote best rock climbing game played stating initially controls allow player world real skill davis called entertaining aspect game stated walking controls awkward times said climbing controls caused wrist strain walking controls cute time edge | Grow Home | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
24312_1979Revolution:BlackFriday | revolution black friday revolution black friday adventure interactive drama video game developed published assistance released april microsoft windows june ios devices players control aspiring returns iran amidst iranian revolution involved events revolution forced decisions order survive players timed responses game determining outcome plot tasked taking game photographs surroundings given historical background events game development years created combine elements video games documentaries engaging narrative game director child iran time revolution developed game intention making players understand moral ambiguity situation development team conducted extensive research game interviewing historical scholars lived revolution gathering numerous archival photos historical speeches game performances recorded motion capture characters developed ambiguous attitudes morals release revolution received critics praise particularly directed narrative characters performances historical representations criticism directed quick time sequences visual quality game criticized iranian journalist declared propaganda felt afraid iran result members development team adopted protection gameplay revolution black friday adventure interactive drama video game players control aspiring returns iran amidst iranian revolution game players presented ability interact surroundings including crowds people strike homeless mother infant child interaction players frequently prompted photographs selected person event camera appear screen comparing game photograph real images event taken photographer players collect tapes game featuring speeches revolutionary leader parts game require timed responses players leading significant decisions impact game story conversation trees require players select response limited time remains silent game requires action choices players decide specific circumstances example sequences tasks players choosing aggression protest photographs characters respond decisions accordingly feature indicates character remember selected response action based sequences players follow screen prompts quick time events order stay alive players fail follow prompts allocated time game prior quick time event plot game opens year old aspiring ambushed hideout police taken interrogated iranian revolution attempt overthrow chooses cooperate goes game cuts september friend watch crowds chanting revolution rooftop takes photographs walk streets arrive protest revolution leaders giving speeches cousin arrives protest interrupted soldiers crowd begins disperse tries convince throw rocks soldiers opposes left decide act aggressively throw rocks act voice concerns instead soldiers start threatening crowds firing flee alley shortly followed ali injured revolution leaders stabbed briefly tended escorted away ali prison brings brother cooperate providing information game returns arrive rebellion hideout meets convinced revolution leaders betrayed stabbed tasks discovering culprit investigating approached leaders accused stabbing brief argument shortly ended police begin ambush hideout demands answer forced decide revolution leaders stabbed reveals chose wrong person killed shortly hideout arrested police arrives demands know ali located refuses tell drives parents household following day protest discover martial law enacted streets join large crowds soldiers arrive demand crowds disperse crowds hold ground soldiers begin firing rushes ali shot wound help ali away alley find aims gun ali threatening shoot crimes ali produces gun threatens tries convince stop interrupted firing soldiers chooses save gunfire ali save directs nearest hospital ali dies regardless choice wounded gunfire nearest hospital shortly dies wounds prison ending determined based actions game unpleasant begins choke demands location favorable shoots kills pointing gun head demanding location development revolution black friday development years years consisted seeking money game developed following years game based events occurred iranian revolution black friday development team chose setting shortly founding development studio ink stories felt chaotic environment players wary characters trust team coined term game describe revolution based style documentary filmmaking consider interactive storytelling technique combines elements video games documentaries blending flexible narrative team wanted avoid game considered strictly educational ensuring player entertainment engagement highest priority director said game development result culmination games falling love narrative storytelling fascination documentary discussed game february announcing game initially intended episodic consisting episodes later reduced game campaign game launched goal failed reach goal total raised additional fundraising set game website following failed campaign team partnered new_york revolution approved steam july released microsoft windows april ios devices june release android planned console versions development game planned support team rewrote interrogation scenes fit experience revolution runs unity game engine expressed interest sequel stating depends commercial success game interested developing additional games historical events story setting child iran time revolution left country shortly ended developed game intention making players understand moral ambiguity situation different beliefs iran feel passion revolution initial game concept conceived location iran decided development team attracted idea game set revolution ultimately settling iranian revolution representing concept revolution development team wished demonstrate multiple definitions term stated wanted embrace spirit revolution trajectory revolution true negative complicated results real revolutions team interviewed group lived iranian revolution game setting environments based photographs taken real era graffiti streets time team studied documentaries films journals documents iran sought feedback academic political religious cultural advisers interviewed history scholars including political scientist gathered archival photos collected speeches research game home video footage featured game grandfather recorded super film 1950s producer portrayed game high school student time revolution said script brought memories provided information writers based personal experiences time character development game performances recorded motion capture technology remaining audio elements recorded later studio motion capture studio los_angeles uses cameras synchronized capture body motion actor page script game recorded days shooting april directed performances shot master takes actors performed entire scene cutting save time production game initially set follow stories playable characters beginning american iranian translator trying free american hostages later reduced single character aspiring iranian goal allow players world lot gray black white achieving having protagonist experienced revolution game characters based interviews conducted experienced revolution executive producer said characters fall typical good guy bad guy shade gray complexity history team featured variety characters different families beliefs social classes portrayed game present iranian protests appreciated game choices players forced development team felt allowing player choice game dialogue actions allowed experience players connect story characters felt allows better understanding events experiences revolution team ensured choices effect stating subtle significant decision repercussions reception critical response revolution black friday received critics review aggregator metacritic calculated average score based reviews reviewers liked game narrative characters historical representations criticism directed quick time sequences visual quality ign commended game blend drama action realistic depiction violence felt game setting period helped demonstrate spirit revolution praised game manner dealing issues like inequality causes anti noted help create atmosphere story setting eurogamer found narrative moral ambiguity refreshing particularly depiction good people felt development team primarily iranian added game authenticity similarly appreciated ambiguity noting close imitation era choices presented game split reviewers found important scary found ultimately eurogamer declared game characters superior sympathetic games depict cardboard ign found character likable game informer considered story fascinating game acting received high praise ign called performances powerful felt ability pull players drama felt characters speak exposition emotion drama works works kill screen found game historical information genuinely educational noting reinforcement story themes ign commended game ability deliver information bombarding players deemed setting iran convincing real praising complexity detail found density history somewhat overwhelming eurogamer felt information provide backstory characters events attributed personal preferences criticism directed game quick time sequences considered eurogamer found poorly constructed game informer similarly felt dialogue encounters kill screen wrote sequences featured games like walking dead reinforce sense urgency players felt unnecessary revolution tension feels real game visuals received mixed responses game informer considered art environments criticized character models eurogamer likewise condemned models textures describing graphics competent best worst ign echoed similar remarks identifying awkward animations background characters felt revolution lacks polish works controversy game started gaining popularity june iranian conservative newspaper published pieces naming game pro western propaganda accusing director espionage felt afraid country result members development team prompted use protect game concept artist fled iran involvement development iran written west feel propaganda said following release revolution april blocked websites distributing game iran began operation gather copies illegally distributed country director claimed game hostile intentions objectives stating poison minds youth young adults means false distorted information executive producer felt ban result game documenting facts different different economic classes different social classes came overthrow described gray area accused inaccurate | 1979 Revolution: Black Friday | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
26140_PillarsofEternity | pillars role playing video game developed published released microsoft windows march game spiritual successor gate series started campaign september campaign raised million highest funded video game time game uses unity engine game takes place fantasy world mainly inside nation plagued recent phenomenon birth meaning born soul beginning game protagonist experiences awakening power disastrous supernatural event discovering person past lives interact souls objective game find caused awakening solve problem received critical acclaim release critics praised game world writing strategic combat said worthy successor games inspired game won awards accolades including best rpg expansion pack released august february respectively gameplay role playing game features party based real time pause tactical gameplay fixed user interface game world dimensional pre rendered backdrops similar vein spiritual predecessors gate series player characters explore area map unveiled fog war effect areas player explored moved away character classes game mechanics similar system created game game reward experience points killing enemies completing quests discovering new areas game starts character creation screen player choose items playable character physical appearance race creed player choose play available classes fighter ranger wizard monk priest rogue gameplay different example use soul enemy order attack beast cast spells protagonist class influence number available dialogue options player adventure characters total pick travels characters unique personalities appearances additionally protagonist hire party members player creates local monetary cost game optional quests advance main plot feature supporting characters multiple outcomes according writer digital_spy quests game protagonist build reputation depending actions non playable characters react differently depending affect outcome certain events game game features scouting mode party sneak allows player avoid seen enemies scouting party spot hidden items traps player use enemies damage enemies player characters affect endurance health pool endurance combat health restored resting party set camp rest inn character party endurance drained knocked end combat companion health reduced zero permanently dead player choose skills beat situations stealth athletics lore mechanics survival player fights creatures information added helps player find information attack effectively early game protagonist stronghold acts party fortress upgraded story setting story takes place world region placed southern hemisphere called area roughly size spain contains nations including free colony mighty won independence revolutionary war confederation sovereign city states quasi state ruled priests god socially roughly corresponds early stages renaissance firearms relatively new invention use result use widespread proven effective magic users factor great conflict recent scientific discovery souls mere objects transferred stored souls basis magic power allows certain people use souls leave body death largely unknown process newborn body soul embedded memories previous lives certain processes person soul awakened meaning gain awareness past lives study souls called young field science implications society large vast lead rapid advances technology caused clashes different religious communities marked era time great turmoil characters player character male female available races game typically refers course adventure player recruit secondary characters companions available companions include fighter game gods wizard child parents served nobility priest follower goddess war fire ranger quest search elder village strange normally fully seen people personal connection problem works sent people recover book sacred text banished tribe plot player arrives hit mysterious storm kills taking refuge cave player character witnesses perform ritual machine strip souls bodies exposed energies player character person able read souls player character awakened able access memories past lives waking visions inability sleep time mad set track reverse curse cursed plague children born souls leaving like vegetables people blame scientists study manipulate souls investigating curse discovers souls fact stolen cult known key led priest named framing plague campaign riot college destroyed companions pursue twin finally learn truth actions gods synthetic beings created ancient serve force world survivor order eternal mission ensure discovers gods secret end works discredit suppress stole souls goddess hates destroyed gods interest protecting secret want dominate aid confronting ending varies depending choices game development developed published game uses modified version unity game engine specifically game directed multiple competing pitches storyline studio worked ultimately won previously worked writer company fallout designated game lead narrative designer involved production audio director composed game bell stated inspired music gate composing game music september began brand new game entitled project initially number encircled day revealed countdown september campaign went live revealing details project completed million dollars objective hours set stretch goals announced surpassed million mark days fund raising began announced version game provided free option version announced september passed million mark september october announced offered pledged day campaign surpassed double fine adventure funded time ceo explained chose use crowd funding model instead traditional developer publisher arrangement let game absolutely reminiscent great games trying funded traditional publisher impossible interview said free limitations publisher enable mature subject matter slavery hostile prejudice racial cultural spiritual sexual drug use trade help flesh story said inspired success fund said project announcement campaign succeed franchise ruled possible console port game saying console limitations affect rpg mechanics content players realize especially players played rpg realize lost years doesn add rpg experience additionally pledged write set game world october funding campaign concluded total highly funded video game platform time funds collected budget rose december announced official title game dropping working title launched poll asking support fundraising march announced publish game stated role taking care marketing distribution game retains rights intellectual property march preview video documentary series titled road released revealed money raised game campaign saved closure suffering financial problems following cancellation game consoles release march confirmed went gold indicating prepared production release game released microsoft windows march editions game released including champion edition campaign map game soundtrack game includes items strategy guide concept art written expansion pack expansion announced released august released february extended game raised level cap added new party members abilities currently hold score metacritic respectively indicating generally favorable reviews reception met positive reviews release currently listed metacritic score indicating generally favorable reviews according site wrote nostalgic fan base excellent role playing game merit said best role playing game come years gamer said best game far wrote worthy successor games inspired ign praised game saying representation good old school role playing games digital_spy lauded writing role playing game development game revolution said combat deep engaging similarly metro wrote combat highly complex gamespot said combat game best component gave praise battle music praised game strategic combat level based progression game informer noted combat game including ability change difficulty set options auto review criticized game pillars graphics artwork received called art design game excellent game informer said game maps crafted detail characters equipment incredible metro noted game higher resolution older games gate saying benefits gorgeous artwork review praised game lighting particle effects said spell effects game visually impressive character models improvement traditional games reviewer said backgrounds impressive picturesque older titles ign criticized game art style calling dated found game voice acting excellent saying acted game informer echoed statement wrote game sound music delicate beautiful gamespot called writing lovely particular praise given reviewer character mother personal story said intriguing mysterious gamer praised writing saying rich evocative praised plot world player writing main plot packed twists surprises world players feel ign said characters game major minor elaborate characterization found fact characters voice acting annoyance eurogamer criticized game lack humor writer review saying wanted characters vein gate mood writer said found quests game fairly stock characters forgettable february game sold copies awards | Pillars of Eternity | Video games | Video games | 2015–present video games |
5453_DudeRanch(ModernFamily) | modern family season premiere american sitcom 49th episode overall episode originally aired september abc ran good kids bad episode written shannon directed features guest stars hank serving hour season premiere episode revolves families traveling ranch received positive reviews critics praising performance alan_sepinwall calling mvp episode episode viewed million viewers received rating share adults ages marking percent rise second season premiere old wagon episode highest rated viewed episode series ranked highest rated abc series week broadcast fourth overall episode won primetime emmy award outstanding sound mixing comedy drama series half hour animation season episode garde won award plot families travel ranch wyoming family storyline experiences hearing difficulty following plane ride cowboy hank husband jay takes notice oblivious behavior later hank grabs butt causing jay tell said bad guy jay hero fights says jay hero family boyfriend trip claire eventually convinces try know attempts suddenly proposes night causes claire instantly leading running away families look criticizes claire interfering reveals accepted proposal revealed gets job ranch decides permanently stay wyoming breaking trip teenage boy named jimmy later kisses addition attempts impress jay prove earned jay respect jay eventually tells truly respect cameron mitchell reveal adopting boy united_states mitchell worries able father son things sexuality inability participate activities catching shooting despite blows luke production themes ranch written shannon episode directed director credit season aired september good kids bad filmed august august location wyoming cities consideration arizona montana guest starred episode cowboy guys sends girls hearts twitter returned final appearance series reappeared episode entitled near end second season rumors producers role lily changing age baby july casting year old daughter mitchell cameron producers creator executive producer stated hard decision remotely having wanting upgrade acting ability jump character age twins play happy started feeling like mean little girls making come stage character reaching age talk going asset communicating eventually cast play aged lily replacing twin sisters episode features addition new writers consulting producer executive producer episode mainly deals male characters flaws episode title mitchell deals raise boy jay deals cowboy flirting attempts gain jay respect recurring theme episodes eventually characters gain confidence mitchell blowing luke jay standing cowboy standing jay reception ratings original american broadcast alongside following episode good kids bad viewed estimated million households received rating share adults ages means seen year olds year olds watching television time broadcast marked rise ratings second season premiere old wagon making highest rated viewed episode series abc rated season premiere years episode ranked timeslot beating highly promoted new fox reality series factor cbs drama series nbc drama series harry law reality series america model added viewers viewed episode days original broadcast episode received rating demographic adding rating original viewership watched scripted week broadcast adults aged eleventh watched viewers reviews episode received positive reviews critics new_york called episode surprising little sentimental charming nonetheless complimented development alex character commenting nice bit real character development alex reviewer compared episode second season episode halloween use ensemble ultimately gave episode hitfix reviewer alan_sepinwall felt weaker episode hour commented sitcom vacation episodes rule tend good exceptions ranch unfortunately despite complimented kids criticized plots adults calling memorable entertainment_weekly writer praised episode saying proved deserved second emmy award outstanding comedy series despite mainly positive review criticized storyline writing wish scream entire episode cnn said episode equal quality season episode hawaii saying episode showed consistently funny shows noted favorite moment jay struggles horse called jay mvp episode saying deserved win emmy paste writer said episode proved series deserved win emmy saying great gags jokes liners ultimately gave episode good kids bad calling criticized subplot repeating ideas eventually called episode rough start considered worse following episode multiple critics praised performance episode luke sepinwall called mvp episode critics called episode superior second half hour good kids bad | Dude Ranch (Modern Family) | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
7505_SlowDownYourNeighbors | slow neighbors slow neighbors 11th episode second season 35th episode overall originally aired january abc episode written directed credited previous episode dance dance revelation episode features guest appearance barry cameron mitchell new neighbor episode claire neighborhood hoping catch stop car speeds streets busy trying land important listing difficult client jay struggles teach ride bike surprisingly great continues try mitchell cameron meet charming mysterious neighbor slow neighbors received positive reviews critics praised performance episode viewed million households received rating share adults ages marking rise previous episode dance dance revelation episode second highest rated scripted program week simpsons received high ratings nfl playoffs episode episodes modern family received nominations comedy series 63rd primetime emmy awards nominee fall lost directing halloween appear episode plot claire determined neighborhood hoping catch stop sports car speeding suburban streets sells house nearby difficult client happens driver car claire prints posters intending slow license plate car signed neighbors license plate rest family point presented posters actually state slow neighbors regardless claire orders later claire chases car bicycle loses track car meets open house arranged introduced leave offers claire lift home enters car realizing late driver criticizes posters creator sex woman knowing claire created posters ride bicycle school stepfather jay finds training wheels bike set mother jay decides teach ride comes realize natural riding bike ridden bike mother riding bicycle best way getting kidnapped jay tries teach unsuccessful turns bike riding lessons leave open house luke decides teach water gun manages ride soon fails claire steals bike seeing teaching method success luke big sister study consent mitchell cameron find charming new neighbor named barry moved apartment cameron takes immediate liking barry mitchell reluctant barry fond considers bunch hot air mitchell starts trust cameron hears moved apartment cameron realizes barry living daughter princess castle cameron tells barry leave barry physical struggle inside castle cameron gets mitchell police right writing barry production slow neighbors written directed episode writing credit season finale family portrait previously aired episode dance dance revelation episode second directing credit previous episode dance dance revelation slow neighbors originally aired january abc episode filmed october october october guide reported guest star cameron mitchell new neighbor filmed appearance october described great experience saying great writers great episode featured guest appearance played new client driver reception ratings original american broadcast january slow neighbors viewed estimated million viewers received rating share adults ages means seen year olds year olds watching television time broadcast marked percent rise demographic previous original episode dance dance revelation episode highest rated abc finished 6th ratings week january january episode second highest rated scripted episode simpsons like forget followed highly rated nfl play offs added viewers slow neighbors received rating demographic adding original viewership reviews episode received positive reviews critics praised slow neighbors use characters writing attention detail factors makes modern family solid sitcom specimen ultimately rated episode squad writer positive noted episode felt little predictable despite said pretty funny moments crossing screens savage entertainment weekly complemented performance naming second best moment episode commented scene character cameron fighting lily princess castle best moment entire new_york writer commented kicked second season second half fine form called episode great hollywood complimented writers adding twist traditional sitcom story mitchell cameron storyline morgan praised performance saying showed deserved emmy reviews positive hitfix reviewer alan_sepinwall wrote episode didn work claire storyline compliment performance multiple critics praised performance time contributor james_poniewozik wrote great episode character called episode called character luke funniest dumb kids created television praised scene featuring luke water gun later drinking saying reminded new hard ass luke end day | Slow Down Your Neighbors | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
8553_GoodCopBadDog | good cop bad dog good cop bad dog 22nd episode american comedy television series modern family second season 46th episode overall episode originally aired abc episode written guest directed child star guest starred worker tries convince jay invest episode jay advises dog trainer claire switch duties kids mitchell extra lady_gaga ticket cameron ends sick episode introduces new dog appear rest season majority good cop bad dog received positive reviews critics praising performance episode viewed million viewers received rating share demographic marking percent rise ratings previous episode mother day episode highest rated scripted program original week aired adults ages eventually received emmy performance episode plot household furious rodriguez luke room changing leads mother claire dad attempts push away claire anger annoyed claire confronts makes play bad cop role family keeps good cop role reluctantly agrees switch roles claire takes luke keen stay girls clean bathroom goes luke gets sick drinking want goes girls lie cleaning bathroom jump car stop leaving forcing clean bathroom direct supervision clean bathroom evening claire admit handle natural parent roles agree normal wants help grocery store worker convinces jay let pitch business idea dog training system labeled good bad training system consists sets dog treats bland bacon pitch goes wrong dog jay prefer bad treat seeing blind encouragement jay adopts firm frank tone tells obvious skill enthusiasm charisma idea good invested years life idea leaves tears follows apologize admits found jay honesty refreshing decided life means moving sister school means dog away allows dog stay jay anger increased walks believes dog present jay drives dog pound sweet face makes home mitchell bought tickets lady_gaga concert plans south cameron gets sick causes mitchell torn stay cameron concert eventually tries supporting attempts subtly persuade cameron let claire advised mitchell tries sneak away noticing cameron drunk caught wakes mitchell gives speech selfish cameron realizing cameron fallen asleep concert comes cameron wakes cameron wake mitchell acts went unaware glow stick visible underneath shirt cameron returns bed informs mitchell glow stick flashing switches light reveal production good cop bad dog written receiving writing credit series having previously written kiss regrets receiving fourth writing credit series received story credit episode episode directed guest director best known performance wonder years episode filmed march march episode features guest appearance puerto rican american composer singer episode marks introduction new dog french bulldog played according plays probably episodes season multiple episodes year fit reception ratings original american broadcast good cop bad dog viewed estimated million households received rating share adults ages means seen year olds year olds watching television time broadcast marked percent rise ratings previous episode mother day timeslot good cop bad dog fox reality television series received rating share demographic series defeated cbs crime drama received rating share nbc reality series minute win received rating share reality series america model received rating share good cop bad dog watched scripted week broadcast adults aged watched viewers added viewers episode received rating demographic adding rating original viewership reviews episode received positive reviews critics commenting performance entertainment_weekly writer praised episode theme commenting tonight theme switching roles definitely wasn subtle clever named mvp saying jumped roof car nearly died wrote episode showed flashes brilliance half hour equally situations set writers talents cast despite mainly positive review criticized mitchell cameron plot having warmth ultimately gave episode readers article gave writer praised episode revealing new sides personalities commenting favorite moments modern family episodes entirely involved learning new characters cnn reviewer wrote wednesday night modern family example series game called week mvp squad writer praised claire plot recycling standard television having biggest laughs criticized mitchell subplot personality sickness later wrote yes said stuff wasn reviews positive paste called episode uneven wrote moments praised performance calling episode scene ultimately gave episode calling respectable complimented writers attempting write classic episode concluded funny bits heart searched far wide wasn | Good Cop Bad Dog | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
9200_MannyGetYourGun | gun gun eighth episode second season sitcom 32nd overall originally aired november abc episode written story creator directed episode restaurant birthday mini life crisis getting older claire race faster mitchell stuck mall looking gift gun received overwhelmingly positive reviews critics squad naming better ones season according nielsen_media_research episode received ratings previous episode second highest rated scripted series original week aired plot episode begins starting birthday speech table filled angry family members episode goes minutes earlier showing claire party time prompts contest claire route quicker rides luke claire claire car luke asks claire separating misunderstanding claire earlier statement parents separating claire luke fine going separate routes claire starts asking luke wanted instead stops car talk luke makes luke makes happy telling fun wanted thought needed claire route faster car tries convincing girls race waste time car wheels fixing alex tell want family camp causes cry turn causes alex cry motivation beat claire alex eventually restore motivation win mitchell cameron walking mall looking present cameron stops help elderly man named convince old lady despite mitchell protests running time cameron initially delighted help realizing cameron mitchell soon continue fight mitchell spontaneous middle discussion mitchell takes flash mob bunch people free mind mitchell initially thinks cameron happy cameron angry mitchell kept secret soon fight car house jay fight habit losing currently losing keys jay initially believes right finding keys pockets instead keys purse meantime depressed jay informs truly acted like kid tries live life kid party bad prank calls mixing opens old christmas present device putting pool furious angry wanting party shoots device gun jay gave car jay finally tells truth making furious family members arrive late race restaurant coming close crashing scene goes finishing speech saying time act like kid older family members production gun written based story creator episode marked fifth writing credit series lloyd story credit episode directed eighth directors episode gun originally aired november episode filmed october october october episode originally titled dash flash crash original press release episode title later formally changed gun episode plot based personal experience stated interview wife constant argument restaurant way home faster way home october guide reported guest star senior citizen cameron befriends filmed appearance october episode later primetime emmy award outstanding comedy series caught act musical man mother day reception ratings original american broadcast gun viewed estimated million households received rating share nielsen rating meaning episode watched average households tuned episode broadcast episode received rating share adults ages tying ratings previous episode episode second highest rated scripted series week aired glee reviews episode received positive reviews critics aol squad called episode better ones season despite felt storyline funny funny usually commented audience good gave episode rating felt episode bit sum parts maybe pieces forced place little new_york gave episode positive review felt episode brought series slump commented kind episode pretty started loving place called great episode called episode comic gold felt episode firing cylinders james_poniewozik time gave episode positive review felt episode reached level time built near car run funny sweet moments hitfix writer alan_sepinwall critical series second season praised episode commenting nearly positively compared season episode series came end style strongest season episodes | Manny Get Your Gun | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
14722_Earthquake(ModernFamily) | earthquake modern family earthquake episode second season abc american sitcom 27th episode overall episode originally aired october written directed guest starred episode earthquake causes claire stuck bathroom interprets natural disaster sign god wants jay church mitchell cameron use excuse attend party earthquake received positive reviews critics episode received nomination writers guild america awards ultimately lost according nielsen_media_research episode received rating share adults ages receiving rating previous episode tied highest rated scripted program glee plot claire arguing wanting party instead staying home prepare arrives earthquake claire ends locked bathroom knocked realizes claire bathroom long wall like told claire realizes party claire hears telling plan alex driving exchange lie convinces luke fall tries claire tells claire reason controlling like age son drove crazy exactly reason claire finally bathroom claire questions took long alex lies says helping everybody checking gas leaks claire believes takes alex cameron mitchell ready cameron boyfriend new theme party crazy pepper cameron mitchell grown dislike parties lot work assume character dress costume happening mitchell realizes use earthquake excuse party mitchell cameron tell pepper cameron telling extent earthquake damage pepper way house mitchell starts breaking items match cameron description damage end cameron tells pepper want party pepper having breakdown reveals came party stop mitchell lies telling pepper cameron feelings goes fake anger breaking items cameron hates pepper announces come upcoming parties house gets angry going instead going church jay tells church earthquake occurs jay goes despite telling earthquake sign god decides jay golf instead church makes mad golf course asks questions jay idea hell heaven jay ideas soon worry end come conclusion missing church jay acting tells vision heaven fearful says butterflies afraid heaven production earthquake written making fifth writing credit series episode directed marking second directing credit season season premiere old wagon fifth credit overall series earthquake originally aired united_states september abc episode second season episode filmed august august plot line revealed event center los_angeles august reported appear pepper filmed august lane approached creators guest star series stated interview usa today perfect fit said interview stop stunt casting actors like lane later reprised role episode boys night reception ratings original american broadcast earthquake viewed estimated million households according nielsen_media_research making viewed night received rating share viewers rating share adults ages received rating previous episode kiss viewership figure decreased million million episode highest rated scripted original week aired tying glee reviews episode received overwhelmingly positive reviews squad wrote great job way hoping avoiding sophomore slump long possibly gave episode calling merely solid half hour entertainment_weekly praised use characters cast members saying character hilarious moments tonight called best character saying stole called solid grounded commented earthquake especially main storyline worked took basic principle quickly simply showed family sudden disorder alan_sepinwall stated review wholly satisfying funny episode groups isolation earthquake episodes called simple effective funny outing said thought ton hilarious moments episode squad named episode week october awards nominations received nomination writers guild america awards facing programs including modern family episode night episode eventually lost rock work rains nominated comedy series 63rd primetime emmy awards | Earthquake (Modern Family) | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
15615_Bixby'sBack | 14th episode second season american comedy television series 38th episode overall originally aired february abc episode written directed episode claire decide reprise role playing adventure previous valentine day episode jay elaborate valentine surprise keeps getting held admirer comes cameron mitchell received generally mixed reviews critics saying inadequate sequel despite mixed reviews episode viewed million households according nielsen_media_research received rating adults ages tying spot highest rated episode series time old wagon halloween later viewed scripted program week year old adults plot house claire decide small dinner valentine day order avoid disastrous results events year early dinner reservation claire realizes couples elderly decides bring characters year ditch wife meet hotel bar claire gives key room watching claire walk way takes wrong room key belonging older woman arranging purse enters wrong room rose bed waits bed bottle champagne older woman walks coming bar house claire decide act like boyfriend david blows study big exam profit free david manages convince send david break email feels liberated brief moment boyfriend shows band truck sings love song rushes arms hopes cameron suspects mitchell new assistant crush mitchell denies secretly suspicion soon proven wrong cameron elevator revealing real object desire eating dinner cameron reveals mitchell believes crush right house getting text says decide best knew liked jay plans perfect valentine surprise hires chef prepare luxurious meal house away chef setting jay takes great restaurant loves intent leave pretending find secretary forgotten reservation unfortunately plan goes restaurant reservation stay delight jay later reservation turns cameron mitchell relieved jay furious leave house fight refuses inside angry wants car drive cool jay choice carry screaming house surprise dinner finally house jay stunned find house goes garage car drive jay following garage door opens romantic surprise dinner reason taking place garage reveals figured jay secret plan moved garage bought new motorcycle sits dinner table production written sixth writing credit series episode directed credit series episode considered sequel season episode plots episode revealed episode guide writers originally aired february filmed january january episode featured return character broke said interview guide 17th screen actors guild awards year valentine day episode pretty insane different year position time instead reception ratings original american broadcast viewed estimated million viewers according nielsen_media_research received rating share adults ages means seen year olds year olds watching television time broadcast episode modern family saw increase percent previous episode caught act episode highest rated episode series tying old wagon halloween episode ranked timeslot second highest rated program wednesday watched scripted week broadcast adults aged ninth watched viewers reviews received mixed reviews critics critics saying didn live predecessor writer gave episode mixed review calling fine wrote felt like producers valentine day episode obligation writers great idea episode like ultimately gave episode entertainment_weekly writer gave episode positive review saying cast proved truly deserved award tonight valentine day themed episode new_york magazine said episode great sequel calling solid episode start finish los_angeles_times said episode usual quality writing didn usual cnn writer gave episode positive review praised performance calling mvp week later went criticize mitchell cameron sub plot calling sub par storyline despite mixed reviews praised performance praised writing acting bar scene writing fantastic run writing rendezvous bar smooth mouth right called performance comedic mastery | Bixby's Back | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
23487_OurChildren,Ourselves | children children 12th episode second season american television comedy series 36th overall episode series executive producers shannon wrote episode directed episode originally aired abc united_states january featured guest star mitchell girlfriend episode dedication alex learning makes claire question tries meet new friends mitchell runs girlfriend current boyfriend cameron children received generally positive reviews television critics praising twist ending mitchell cameron storyline according nielsen_media_research episode viewed million households original broadcast received rating percent share viewers demographic second highest rated abc program original week aired grey anatomy appear episode plot house claire worried studying attempt break eventually force alex eventually gets second highest grade class classmate named alex believes fact doctor professor parents best given statement claire claire starting think holding children later movies run parents french movie claire decide follow encourage kids midway movie leaves watch film originally intended fans cheesy horror films involving monsters fun movie claire falls asleep highly acclaimed french waking tells alex highest grades class dumb parents kids smart claire leave home seeing bright parking ticket mitchell cameron bump mitchell girlfriend tracy mary mall mitchell suggest hanging decides later tracy appears year old red headed child seen approximate age match time tracy mitchell saw time mitchell sex woman mitchell tells cameron dinner making anxious eventually agrees mitchell meet child sure son realize actually dwarf man tracy husband situation awkward opens present mitchell cameron little baseball glove couple jay met vacation come visit jay openly eventually tells true feelings knowing spending night house couple decides leave cab comes apologize copy years signed author specially convinces stay telling jay mind going away morning jay decides apologize apology drinks prank glass gave ending covered orange juice leave believing jay mad enduring situation production children written executive producers shannon episode directed episode second script collaboration shannon wrote episode airport children filmed october october october guide reported cast mitchell girlfriend filmed appearance october later said interview gone experience guy think 7th 8th grade session pulled away abruptly saw years later totally gay episode aired abc united_states january episode aired pushed minutes later usual time slot barack_obama speech shooting reception ratings original american broadcast children seen estimated million households received rating share adults ages means seen year olds year olds watching television time broadcast highest rated program wednesday according nielsen_media_research episode received drop previous episode slow neighbors possibly minute delay starting time despite episode second highest rated abc grey anatomy finished seventh ratings week premiered reviews episode received positive reviews praising ending mitchell cameron storyline squad writer gave episode positive review writing funny moments pointed left wanting information round things called good episode mainly criticized storyline comparing episode company ultimately gave episode new_york praised episode letting characters interact folks world episode story lines winners later named conclusion mitchell cameron storyline best moment week january january entertainment_weekly writer commented episode wasn good follow slow neighbors ending storyline pretty funny possibly little james_poniewozik time wrote plot came straight satisfying episode calling claire storyline amusing storyline | Our Children, Ourselves | Media and drama | Television | Modern Family |
5544_OpenHouse(BreakingBad) | open house breaking bad open house episode fourth season american television drama series breaking bad 36th overall episode series originally aired united_states july episode walter advance plans buy car wash organization holds increasingly darker parties distract guilt having killed gale marie starts stealing cope difficult recovery husband hank asked offer advice gale murder investigation episode written directed filmmaker marking time directing television featured guest appearances stand comedian specifically sought appear footage shown person perspective camera actual footage real camera marie return demonstrated season conceived early sessions season breaking bad music supervisor sought select music party sequences appropriate dark tone scenes including song heart swedish musician open house viewed estimated million viewers received nielsen rating adults ages episode received generally positive reviews plot episode begins notices motion detecting surveillance camera installed lab later day convinces meeting buy car wash mentioning owner insulted plan trick owner selling having con artist supplied pretend water shutting business concerns owner promptly sells agreeing lower price original offer feeling recent events attempting clear head nostalgic trips continues open house night drug fueled deliberately throwing piles money midst chaos angry frustrated hank continuous cold shoulder marie resumes starts stealing objects real estate open houses makes elaborate stories eventually caught real estate agent hank pulls strings senior police officer charged officer drops residence seek hank help giving gale lab notes look hank initially away begins read later night production open house written directed marking time directing television fan breaking bad sought direct episode filmed february episode edited handful editors regularly worked series reprised role detective portrayed second season episode stand comedian guest appearance man poses environmental inspector cast expressed interest appearing casting directors series creator said waste time writer room getting youtube watching routines stand comedian reprised recurring role bodyguard guest appearance marie credited appear concept installing surveillance camera lab stemmed idea walter employing called falling end season commented way story mess head little bit footage shown person perspective camera actual footage real camera including numbers shown screen shot shown lower quality rest episode shot film episode features subplot marie engaging acts major character season said conceived early marie act way ideas marie hank difficult recovery described marie acts stealing respite looking life actively ready leave husband like liked said open house favorite episode season shoot idea riding relax inspired crew members went racing filming breaking bad episodes new_mexico party scenes house keeps throwing dollar bills mouth sleeping man wearing dress shirt tie pants finally gets inside mouth thought idea property master actually throwing bills screen got actor mouth second try scenes house shot set sound stage built production designer construction coordinator scenes house occasionally filmed actual house particular scenes shot party party scenes sought illustrate internal guilt self hatred having murdered season finale measure praised scenes saying thought great way person going private hell everybody suffers deals personal loss different ways previous episode thirty featured similar party scenes party darker open house music supervisor tried select music appropriate darker tone originally tried variations punk rock hip hop felt inappropriate wanted deeper chose song heart swedish musician sequence scenes party said liked muted loud sort feel song felt matched frame mind heavy darkness party chosen vote writers possible songs reception ratings open house aired sunday july episode viewed estimated million viewers received nielsen rating adults ages means seen year olds watching television time broadcast episode 22nd highest rated program day aired reviews episode received positive reviews alan_sepinwall hitfix said particularly interested marie characters episode called credit evolution supporting cast interesting praised direction particularly scenes ign called great episode improvement previous box cutter thirty praised way character proved walter praised performance claiming subplot provided needed comic relief reminded works entertainment_weekly writer praised development character said episode touched common theme asserting walter work hank taking disabled marie said script raises question mean strong man los_angeles_times writer todd_vanderwerff called best episodes despite attention walter support cast members vanderwerff said episode demonstrated walter actions affected said marie character interesting past fanatic complimented performances said seriously actor convey saying compared increasingly calculated approach walter drug dealing personality new_york magazine writer praised performance said interesting episode focused marie usually dominated male characters said transformation concerned wife competent criminal partner felt sudden reviews positive slate writers enjoyed marie open house felt scenes house concerns walter safety character | Open House (Breaking Bad) | Media and drama | Television | Breaking Bad |
8638_BoxCutter(BreakingBad) | box cutter breaking bad box cutter fourth season premiere american television drama series breaking bad 34th episode overall written series creator directed box cutter originally aired united_states july narrative follows protagonist partner face repercussions drug killing gale previous season breaks husband walter investigate sudden disappearance struggles help recover injuries episode marked final regular performances actors gale victor considered changing episode based audience responses season finale measure gale killed ultimately decided twist scene box cutter loyal victor throat utility knife right eyes said concerned filming scene hurting spirit soul concentrated hard remained silent focused filming rarely speaking set scene bloody daughter faint screening major theme box cutter entire fourth season involved walter gradual change darker character violent dangerous episode illustrates moral decline feelings guilt killing gale growing involvement walter illegal activities episode received positive reviews watched million households according nielsen_media_research fifth season premiere box cutter watched breaking bad episode series history highest rated season premiere seasons walking dead received work episode marked second win individual work breaking bad award pilot episode plot pre credits flashback sequence manufacturer sets equipment underground drug gale asks blue produced chemist point working explains reservations hiring walter gale insists hire superior product present day partner shot gale death orders foil plot kill replace victor arrives gale apartment finds dead surrounded neighbors called police victor finds stunned sitting car outside forces gunpoint return lab employee mike holding hostage mike concerned victor seen murder scene calls inform events victor watched work starts cooking prove need grows concerned victor proves better process expected wife observes car wishing son drives blocks away conceal concerned apparent disappearance calls lawyer paranoid falling busy checking office listening devices hires break claiming belongs identification claims purse stolen panic attack finally agrees finds little interest inside sister marie struggles maintain caring husband hank attempt life arrives says launches nervous monologue trying convince needs alive claims ultimately responsible gale death insists victor produce needs maintains silence changing gear selecting box cutter victor anticipation changing demeanor suddenly victor throat startling killing simultaneously victor delivering stern message drops body floor eyes duo ensure message received quietly returns street clothes walks lab work later dispose victor body gun killed gale box cutter barrel acid breakfast later insists gale death necessary expresses concern kill opportunity doubts believing trouble find drug manufacturer understand situation kill wish dead episode ends police investigating gale apartment camera focusing lab notes discovered production box cutter fourth season premiere breaking bad directed written series creator filmed january episode edited handful editors regularly worked series broadcast july original episode months season finale episode measure aired june officials delayed fourth season premiere july felt nielsen ratings better summer breaking bad scripts generally pages long screenplay box cutter pages long originally concerned want stretch episode simply pad running time measure ended pulling gun gale firing directly screen gale death visibly revealed screen led wide speculation fans reviewers actually kill gale aimed away fired gun speculation continued original broadcast box cutter confirmed killed gale said intended scene cliffhanger thought clearly conveyed gale died box cutter featured final regular appearances recurring breaking bad characters respectively played victor stand comedian guest appearances box cutter new bodyguard stated named episode box cutter mainly sounded like cool title concerned climax episode took long build calling box cutter thinking level better let audience know end breaking bad staff intended gale killed audience reaction measure breaking bad writing staff reconsider plans best ones said instead decided follow original plan saying end day choice press forward choice felt honest best continue story said read script box cutter shocked walk away said want scene home deep concern able coming unscathed hurting spirit soul worked concerns actions killing victor protecting works said difficult moment victor throat tried character die scene took days film remained silent focused filming rarely speaking set boots originally given large concerned slip character completely calm control costume designer quickly right sized boots writing script staff decided early speak scene felt dramatic way appropriate character felt scene pivotal moment character relationship walter warning walter continue operate way risk death character murder victor said got seen survival way sent message people weren listening said expecting episode direction called scene painful beautifully crafted reasonably commented contrast calm demeanor walter tap dancing stay alive said performance plays bad character eyes dead takes look eyes said actions scene scripted surprised little talked played man amazing instincts major theme box cutter involves walter gradual change participant drug dealing enterprise man comfortable life crime darker violent dangerous development began episodes season continue major theme fourth season episode introduced ongoing theme moral decline self guilt killing gale said raw season distant turned utter chaos destruction mind busy left thoughts things kind dangerous scary scene walter pleads demonstrates paternal sense walter developed scene walter tells kill kill don visibly moved statement described moment realizes loyalty box cutter illustrated growing involvement walter illegal activities subplot lies break walter house going far use baby prop facade breaks walter apartment finds plastic bear series second season eye long symbol identify walter gradual descent life crime discovery similar descent ankle filming scene walter corpse barrel dispose acid following scene lifts barrel lit way barrel seen accomplished lighting barrel tying staff members moved twisted outside view camera create lighting effect cultural references scene gale neighbor calls police report murder clock gale apartment reads deliberate reference number frequently appeared x-files worked writer producer actor refers x-files creator chris_carter production company turn reference chris_carter birthday october copy eventual collection short stories seen gale apartment walter released eat lunch coffee shop family restaurant chain scene wearing matching shirts country music singer shirts deliberately explained episode said believed mike simply bought articles clean clothing find walter clothes soaked victor blood final scene box cutter walter walks song truth plays background reception initial screening ratings box cutter publicly shown june hollywood scene killed victor daughter taylor seat inside theater sight blood prompted theater officials briefly screening ask doctor audience causing brief panic crowd violent scenes box cutter proved bloody included warning violence start episode commercial break halfway episode original american broadcast box cutter seen estimated million household viewers according nielsen_media_research watched breaking bad episode series second highest rated season premiere falling series premiere walking dead drew million household viewers percent increase viewership compared season premiere box cutter performed especially strong men ages viewership percent compared season premiere episode seen million household viewers age groups percent increase group percent increase reviews box cutter received critical acclaim alan_sepinwall hitfix said episode demonstrated effective creators manipulating emotions viewers sepinwall described story remarkably simple execution extremely effective called screen time dedicated changing clothes killing victor brilliant actually started second time time magazine writer james_poniewozik said episode demonstrated effective breaking bad minimal dialogue silence scene lab episode processed gale praised color scheme blood red lab illustrator walter descent hell entertainment_weekly writer ken_tucker said episode breath taking compositions pleasures television usual attempts dirty realism fashionable squad called killing victor scenes history writer called intense episodes seen said solidified standing greatest antagonists seen compared filmmaking box cutter works brothers called best example television ability elastic approach narrative let certain incidents moments expand fill episode episode television series mad men ign called minimalist deliberately paced episode said boring excellent acting dialogue suspense illustrates quickly lost innocence said involving hank marie kept episode pace los_angeles_times writer todd_vanderwerff praised performance despite complete lack dialogue episode felt script raised interesting contrasts acts captured calm control said felt like victor killed walter simply writers kill main protagonists called great intriguing way start season particularly praised said phenomenal despite barely speaking dialogue episode mixed feelings character evolution scenes criminal hands killer called exquisite exercise tension builds slow looks strong season called great start keeps getting better praised dark humor kept tension balanced particularly complimented pre credits scene characters writer found cinematography pacing tension effective box cutter think broke sweat watching paste magazine writer praised transformation walter said shows risk making protagonist called climactic scene brilliant complimented script taking time building tension fanatic praised episode effectiveness scenes featuring little dialogue particularly claiming silence like breaking bad complimented desperate monologue trying convince kill claiming provided deep insight character inability accept responsibility actions zap2it writer called scene killing victor master class building tension strong writing direction acting particularly called fantastic bloody shocking season premiere best history particularly praised performance suggested actor worthy contention magazine writer strongly praised performance described silence calm climactic scene great recent moments menace slate magazine called fine opening episode advance plot significantly served reminder characters stand psychologically thomas said believed episode demonstrated walter fact weak man comparing useless pleas ineffective attempts drug manufacturing activities earlier seasons reviews positive slate magazine said prefers episodes mixed darker aspects black humor box cutter fear philadelphia_inquirer columnist condemned violent scene victor death called totally ing plot character purpose | Box Cutter (Breaking Bad) | Media and drama | Television | Breaking Bad |
19390_Thirty-EightSnub | thirty thirty second episode fourth season american television drama series breaking bad 35th overall episode series originally aired united_states july episode walter plots kill fear repercussions holds wild parties try forget despair tries purchase car wash business marie struggles deal hank growing depression problems written directed thirty featured guest appearances black market gun appearance recurring role filming commitments television series supernatural beaver half day film scene set constructed set resembling room thirty included unusual camera angles including shot point view robotic vacuum cleaner extremely high crane shot walter feet air party scenes character internal guilt fragile state mind included background songs rapper band thirty received positive reviews reviewers comparing work filmmakers seen estimated million household viewers according nielsen_media_research making second watched episode breaking bad fourth season marked significant decline viewership compared previous episode season premiere box cutter plot pre credits sequence walter purchases revolver black market gun dealer secretly walter plans use gun kill employer drug falling favor walter believes kill act gun dealer asks walter needs gun insists strictly self defense later walter practices drawing weapon mike drinks coffee bar discovers dried blood jacket sleeve belonging victor colleague previously murdered mike silent appears harbor conflicted feelings happened victor purchased expensive like sophisticated sound system robotic vacuum cleaner remains miserable having murdered gale save walter friends visit arrange wild party dozens people dancing drinking drugs distract later cooking lab walter waits arrive kill instead victor replacement arrives mike informs walter night walter drives house approaches gun cross street walter receives says simply home walter day walter approaches mike bar mike tells walter observed walter bar mike reveals tell walter carrying weapon lab walter suggests mike danger easily kill mike way killed victor visibly mike appears aware walter asks mike room kill response mike punches walter knocking floor kicks times leaves bar calls walter buying car wash walter worked plan use business walter drug money walter fails act purchase starts detailed research business expenses revenues later approaches car wash owner stan proposed purchase angrily rejects making remarks condemning walter having insulted quit car wash marie continues struggling deal husband hank deepening depression physical therapy having shot bed ridden bitter hank constantly ignores insults marie celebrating successful session physical refuses share excitement marie straight days tries hanging exhausted home guests house thoughts depressed breaks cries sitting inch away speakers extremely high volume production thirty written directed filmed february episode edited handful editors regularly worked series direction thirty included camera angles unusual viewpoints including perspective boxes pizza baby vision inside car wash filming new_mexico delayed snow storms record low temperatures resulted state emergency declared episode featured guest performances girlfriend stan car wash owner constantly walter worked pilot episode breaking bad stan professional actor physicist teaching university_of_chicago thirty filmed thirty featured appearance employee replaced victor killed episode box cutter original script referred character simply new victor came appearance thirty gun opening scene beaver previously starred hbo western drama series star previously appeared field trip sixth season episode x-files written creator believed beaver talented actor met filming television series supernatural beaver stars filming time thirty beaver flew breaking bad shoot half day film scenes said particularly enjoyed character tries convince walter buy gun legally like aspect got black market dealer ironic way sound morality credited appear character voice heard room beaver appear set constructed production designer construction coordinator director wanted genuine feel believed difficult film actual room small cast crew fit inside instead set designed walls removed space cameras crew allowed greater flexibility shooting camera angles walls placed position needed background shot shot episode includes walter speaking directly camera quickly revealed speaking mirror room filmed shot deliberately unclear viewer walter camera movement revealed room new_york magazine writer interpreted walter speaking mirror symbol self reflection mirror reflection studying image wondering people gives hint carrying inside scene walter approaches house plans kill ends extremely high crane shot walter standing middle street wanted shot extremely effective believed conveyed walter lack experience normal crane overhead shots feet tall rented foot tall crane specifically shot crew hours shoot losing night time hours crane shot filmed shot camera operators grip later scene walter meets mike bar walter entered silhouette visible entered shots mike punching walter originally filmed staging involved mike standing walter standing mike suddenly punching edited scene mike simply punch walter instead action faster surprising scene arranged stunt coordinator actors performed stunts mike kicks walter times falls placed large banks kick scenes party scenes house sought illustrate internal guilt self hatred having murdered season finale measure said scenes written wanted demonstrate actions characters major consequences writing staff spent weeks discussing react having killed gale went course events thirty felt unexpected audience praised scenes saying thought great way person going private hell everybody suffers deals personal loss different ways scenes shot set sound stage built production designer construction coordinator scenes house occasionally filmed actual house particular scenes shot party breaking bad music supervisor tried select music appropriate party state mind variations punk rock hip hop scene outside shot drugs pops match cut shot conceived filming buy believed appropriate frame mind don need kind trying fill world noise things final shot episode shot filmed turns stereo system way directly speaker try shut pain wanted speakers pulse actually play loud music actor special effects crew unsuccessfully tried methods speakers pulse shaking pulling strings appear realistic achieved visited local stereo store employee provided bass run stereo system noise cause speakers pulse music playing employee hired come set run system lights timed match music later dubbed cultural references songs played new sound system money rapper raise hell digital animal scene house debate zombie video games better left dead resident evil duty world war zombies zombies game nazis described zombie world unusually large pizza purchased party reference season episode sin walter pizza type roof house argument reception ratings original american broadcast thirty seen estimated million household viewers according nielsen_media_research making second watched episode breaking bad series history marked significant drop viewership compared previous week episode fourth season premiere box cutter seen series high million household viewers thirty received rating viewers ages means percent viewers age watched episode reviews thirty received positive reviews entertainment_weekly writer compared direction thirty film making particularly extreme close ups tense saloon fight walter mike time magazine writer james_poniewozik said filming techniques party starts like rap video turns kind distorted vision effectively conveyed frame mind liked way script conveyed marie increasing isolation dealing hank alan_sepinwall hitfix called episode terrific unsettling hour particularly complimented director cinematographer especially shooting party scenes way let experience chaos trying sepinwall strongly praised said keeps finding new layers new talents new_york magazine writer logan hill praised film noir elements episode photography said opening scene walter staring mirror asking look refers season ongoing theme internal self reflection surveillance los_angeles_times writer todd_vanderwerff said episode didn advance plot far included great deal internal development characters called interesting new dynamic explore called emotional breakdown end easily chilling thing far season paste magazine writer called incredible episode said impending conflict walter television finest said script good use supporting characters growing distance hank marie particularly handled compared thirty excellent season episodes scenes sequences allowing characters viewer time experience tiny currents moment called overhead shot walter standing outside house best shots history especially praised scene walter approaching house writing breaking bad good creating air tension series mastered said paul acting emotional breakdown ripped heart pieces hollywood reporter writer said photography direction party scenes seasons shouldn amazed visuals perfectly sense sound masters work people slate writers june thomas enjoyed episode found walter character increasingly difficult praised scene mike attacked walter especially enjoyed performance subplot fanatic complimented opening scene gun purchase called reminiscent season took slow fascinating steps program touch complimented episodes taking viewers inside minds walter enjoyed slow pace episode complimented lack claiming idea walter confrontation end love compared opening scene works called bar mike beautifully shot setting seen called subplot marie hank surprisingly interesting story cnn complimented shows clever pieces having walter purchase gun getting use showing mike conflicted emotions having walter said episode ultimately felt like bigger developments storyline reviews entirely positive writer said walter near assassination highlight episode felt story compelling extremely repetitive found subplot hank marie difficult enjoy hank | Thirty-Eight Snub | Media and drama | Television | Breaking Bad |
5603_Fringe(season3) | fringe season season american science fiction television series fringe commencing airing fox network september concluded episodes long season produced association lead actors reprised roles fbi agent father son duo walter previous series regulars returned recurring guest stars building finale previous season fringe season dealt war prime parallel season odd numbered episodes took place parallel universe red title sequence numbered episodes took place prime universe original blue title sequence episode title sequence mixture blue red blue red universal focus episode rest season episodes focus prime universe brief shifts parallel universe saw fringe shows provide detailed mythology equally compelling eager explore moments historical differences inserted help worlds season designed device believed great story engine nineteenth episode acid contained long sequences animation order facilitate guest actor retirement acting writers attempted continue idea casual devoted fans fringe mythology visible episodes season final episodes chapter novel writers linked continuous story arc season positively received television critics earned aggregate review website metacritic indicating critical reception generally favorable reviewers reacted exploration parallel universe performances noble played differing versions original characters lauded fringe ended season average million viewers episode placing network television season new_york_times called series best major network watching despite low ratings fox renewed series fourth season march season summary following peter rescue parallel universe prime universe fringe team comes learn wave sink device machine attempting use destroy prime universe unaware replaced olivia works help identify components hidden globe similar wave form device prime universe gets romantically close peter olivia held laboratories parallel universe given drugs conditioning believe subsequently willing test subject tests powers olivia slowly breaks conditioning trial able cross prime universe relay warning peter identity exposed extracted parallel universe olivia gets help cross prime universe olivia distraught return knowing peter relationship time reconcile admit feelings prime universe fringe team learn understanding created long advanced race known people power destroy create powered peter biology devices allows alter universe walter wants engage device destroy prime universe hopes healing parallel universe damaged crossing parallel universe discovers pregnant peter child pregnancy obtain sample child blood activate device effects prime universe numerous parallel universe shows sign healing walter directs teams prime universe device location parallel device minimize affected areas instructs peter use device counteract parallel version instead peter enters device witnesses future parallel universe destroyed prime universe verge collapse finds walter set plan motion send device far past creating people myth having trigger memory peter uses experience peter uses device link rooms prime parallel universe bridge allowing sides meet shortly peter disappears apparent fringe teams observers looking assert peter erased timeline let event happen episodes production crew fringe produced association creator continued work executive producer fellow creators returned consulting producers returned executive producers worked consulting producer executive producers continued role season involved overseeing episode directly contributing episode scripts season laid season storyline year advance writing filming season finale second season introduced parallel universe viewers fringe producers debated universe depict season ultimately decided showing fit character lives different aspects personalities result fringe began season alternating episodes depicting universe fox network initially resistant design executives concerned episodes didn walter peter wouldn feel like anymore explained series constantly evolve bored cast bored audience bored episodes season fox agreed positive change producers saw season shows noted mythology compelling mythology enjoy characters going forth set nice characters interested quickly interesting gives later added parallel universe plot device allowed explore characters deeper characters know real gas involved making historical inserted parallel universe living non existence fbi future franchise starring writers loved creating entire new world asked life like mundane forms daily routines thought allowed create explore moments september attacks occurred white_house instead twin towers statue liberty possessed shiny copper eighth episode season divide time episodes involved discovery construction device believed good thing design season great story engine writers tried maintain concept storyline attractive casual devoted fringe fans series invested mythology end season acid season nineteenth episode series contain sequences animation previous guest actor retired writers storylines involving character able record voice consequently worked develop episode unorthodox storytelling device consistent nineteenth episodes seasons including brown betty letters transit final episodes season linked continuous story arc meant like turning page chapter novel usually good novel pages chapter forward new understanding subject matter deeper wait turn page crew wrote finale season officially renewed leave unchanged discovering fourth season approved explained wrote episode assuming season second entertained end series didn change word finale designed establish open ing new chapter new season included peter having existed futuristic storyline meant inform present thematic elements establishing viewers world going break different title sequences help establish versions world blue red represented prime parallel respectively featured mixture blue red title sequence episode set began retro title sequence finale version title sequence silver gray black opening credit sequence contained specific words meant serve current future episodes finale sequences use thought extraction dual like previous season season filmed vancouver heritage buildings antique scenes set alternate universe shot area outside vancouver filming live action parts acid shot west hastings street executive producer returned direct episodes producer responsible directing new returning directors included directed episode addition directed episodes cast main cast episodes episodes episodes episodes episodes episodes series main cast returned season portrayed versions universe returned love interest played peter father starred fbi agent played junior fbi agent walter lab assistant lastly returned massive dynamic executive recurring cast depicted september observer episode season played observer december episodes returned parallel universe fringe agents episodes episodes respectively parallel universe featured episodes played versions episodes guest starred episode returned second season play season antagonists episodes senator depicted episodes played played played episode season featured single episodes special guest appearances massive dynamic security guard kevin reception ratings broadcast fringe second season ended average million viewers episode ratings share adults causing series finish place season network television shows despite ratings fringe received season renewal march beginning united_states network television schedule fringe remained thursday timeslot episodes season faced tough competition high rated grey anatomy csi crime scene investigation season premiere aired september million viewers united_states earning rating viewers thirty percent previous season premiere new day old town initial broadcast november fifth episode hit season low adult demographic fox moved fringe new friday night timeslot january typically broadcast opposite csi night death slot status television critics fans nervous fringe near cancellation episodes new timeslot ratings remained consistent previous thursday episodes soon began drop positive aspects season ratings adults aged fringe placed friday timeslot total viewers ratings share adults teenagers surpassed fox average timeslot furthermore average household income fringe adult viewers higher total adult population average adult viewers higher index having years college despite low ratings fringe officially renewed fourth season march surprise observers days renewal fringe reached new series ratings low renewal came wake campaigns conducted fringe actors fans series television critics fox entertainment president commented series ingenious producers talented cast crew passionate loyal fans planet fourth season possible fringe ended season average million viewers episode finishing place american network television season time shifted viewing played significant fringe season ratings according report released network television series time shifted shows report continued time shifting increased series overall audience eighty percent reviews film aggregate review site metacritic gave season based critical reviews indicating critical reception generally favorable critic writing lauded season episodes explaining season critically acclaimed fox series executive producers responded audience demands creating new kind episode designed propel story characters forward keeping accessible new viewers weekly basis short amazing new approach fringe works wonders episodes new season watching episodes slant_magazine praised new season writing plots generally fringe fringe meat characters developing feelings equal firing cylinders afraid toy viewers way lost fringe keeps action moving rapidly mysteries decision proves wise waiting future fringe episode showing escalating war worlds characters compelling cases boot ironically branching different directions centerpiece thursday night lineup december new_york_times wrote fringe kept plates spinning season called best major network watching ultra daring bold storylines ign gave fringe award noted stellar performances sci intrigue newly introduced machine play guarantees worlds face style series keeps getting better better fringe season helped place sixth digital_spy television shows year described season similarly named fringe sixteenth best television series particular highlighting acid season involved known characters specific actors selected praise critics lead actress lauded multiple quarters portraying universe critics divided performance praising remaining critical performances received positive recognition critics noting astonishing performance specific episodes isolated praise critics included subject day died acid lauded risky premise book looking glass exploring worlds fringe author noted season apocalyptic nature fitting audience midst seemingly world ending economic turmoil walter remark episode world tearing apart reflected sentiments american viewers facing job loss displacement unprecedented level awards nominations 1st critics choice television awards nominated best drama series nominated drama series won best supporting actor drama series entertainment_weekly annual viewer voted awards fringe won won drama fringe won accolades 37th saturn awards television series best actress television television noble home video releases season fringe released blu ray dvd region september region september region october sets includes episodes season disc blu ray set disc dvd presented special features include commentary tracks plateau acid scenes include worlds exploring alternate world machine destiny psychology include acid episode constructing experience episode pop experience enhancing commentaries included gag reel trailers exclusive blu ray release titled | Fringe (season 3) | Media and drama | Television | Fringe series |
6169_Fringe(TVseries) | fringe series fringe american science fiction television series created premiered network september concluded january seasons episodes series follows members fictional fringe division based boston massachusetts supervision team uses fringe science fbi investigative techniques investigate series unexplained occurrences related mysteries surrounding parallel universe series described hybrid fantasy procedural dramas influenced film television shows lost x-files altered states twilight zone series began traditional mystery week series serialized later seasons episodes contain standalone plot exploring series overarching mythology critical reception lukewarm favorable season series began explore mythology including parallel alternate cast crew nominated major awards despite friday night death slot low ratings series developed cult following spawned comic book series alternate reality game novels plot fringe follows supported primarily includes agent mad scientist walter estranged son jack trades supported force director agent assists walter laboratory research investigates cases relating fringe science ranging experiments gone wrong prospect destructive technological possible collision parallel work intersects advanced developed company called massive dynamic founded walter partner run common friend team watched group bald pale men called observers season introduces investigate cases form pattern geographically centered new_york state orchestrated international network rogue scientists known der english destruction advancement technology led preparing event threat appears end peter kills jones attempts travel parallel universe olivia comes learn child test subject walter years ago drug giving weak abilities walter struggles adjusting normal life peter care living seventeen years mental institution hiding fact peter parallel universe peter having died child season occurrences found conjunction activities parallel universe plagued occurring weakened points fabric worlds scientists developed amber like substance innocent people caught area release fringe team deals cases leading great storm parallel universe appears war prime engineered human machine hybrid parallel universe walter forced tell peter parallel universe replacement peter died genetic disease walter crossed frozen ice administer cure alternate version peter accidentally destroying dose cure transport instead brought boy return fell ice saved observer september told walter importance boy walter took mean peter walter crossing caused parallel universe walter looking sign forgiveness form white season presents episodes alternate walter parallel universe secretary defense set events motion assemble machine device peter biology sent olivia prime universe olivia place engage assemble prime universe version device studies olivia induced powers pregnant peter child henry extracted parallel universe orchestrated acceleration pregnancy gain sample baby blood uses activate machine peter olivia help enters prime version machine experiences vision future parallel universe destroyed fate threatens prime learns machine device created walter associates future sent time purposely relay vision future peter recovering present peter plan uses machine merge rooms creating bridge inhabitants solve dilemma time written september observer doesn save forgotten walter olivia season begins alternate timeline september failed save alternate version peter according observers creates butterfly effect influencing main characters creation bridge peter pulled new timeline actions alternate timeline fringe team includes peter initially works return timeline fueled fears memories altering olivia timeline encountering wounded september peter comes learn timeline truly home olivia come accept change affair september reveals peter observers needed peter son henry assure future created noting peter future child olivia important present instructed alive timeline work parallel universe version sharp aiming collapse way universe bell control olivia powers enable collapse fringe division forced close dimensional bridge fails stop bell plan walter left choice shoot kill olivia death disrupting process saving world olivia death temporary body consumed repair bullet wound leaving alive healthy lacking abilities olivia peter begin lives september appears walter warns observers coming fifth final season begins following flash forward fourth season episode letters transit september warned observers far future having ruined earth time traveled instituted purge wiped humanity subjected survivors control began modifying planet environment suitable fringe team able seal amber avoid capture shortly purge reunited peter olivia adult daughter disappeared shortly observer arrival walter reveals september developed plan defeat observers revealed series pre recorded lab tapes lead components device including young observer child named michael list season season man named helped walter prepare plan killed events driving olivia peter complete plan sake michael discover september having stripped observer powers helping fringe team michael genetic son having purposely grown far future september explains plan send michael year human genetic experiments sacrifice emotion intelligence started leading creation observers showing michael possesses emotion intelligence experiments stopped observers created september prepared michael future plan set motion shot killed moment walter aware sacrifice takes michael future assure plan completion predicted time reset invasion onwards observers invade peter olivia live lives peacefully peter receives final letter father drawing white parallel universe story arc fringe involves alternate universe mirrors prime universe numerous historical significant example element effect september attacks event occurred alternate universe untouched attacks leaving buildings predominant landmarks alternate world skyline office episodes producers strongly interested world building alternate universe allowed create similar world large detail fill texture world alternate universe allowed small choices define person change life large ways line according director producers realized concept alternate universe confusing viewers avoid elements world introduced small pieces course seasons larger revelation second season finale season stated pass story ideas alternate universe father sense script father found confusing world building gave risky opportunity create stories focused solely characters alternate universe nearly ties main characters stated able shows concept network executives embraced code prior commercial breaks brief image shown revealed interview hidden meaning people care figure follow viewer consider watch revealed seemingly unrelated frogs greek letter appeared significance context series saying code code cracked editor technology site discovered simple spell single thematic word episode example pilot episode spell word observer second order code solved remains seen additionally representative means walter case butterfly window strain dna bishop revival jacksonville walter speaks olivia treatment studied trial clearly visible wall episode episode key available opening sequence standard opening sequence images symbols alongside words representing fringe science topics dark matter season episodes took place primarily parallel universe new set titles following similar format red instead blue alternate fringe science concepts like difference color led fans prime universe blue contrast parallel red season episode titles mix red versions given episode took place equally universe flashback episodes peter subject variation sequence retro graphics akin 1980s technology phrases like personal computing genetic engineering future season episode day died black toned theme dire phrases like hope water fourth season premiere introduced amber toned title sequence additional new terms nearly fourth season episodes fourth season episode letters transit returned future universe subsequent fifth season episodes feature cold toned title sequence phrases joy private thought free freedom ideas lost future frame opening sequence words observers flash quickly opening sequence cast characters main characters seasons fbi agent assigned investigate spread unexplained phenomena later discovers child test subject walter drug giving unusual abilities plays olivia counterpart alternate universe dubbed characters prime universe seasons jack trades brought civilian consultant olivia work estranged father walter peter actually son alternate universe abducted walter shortly peter death young age seasons government researcher field fringe science seen mad scientist lab accident assistant killed noble portrays walter alternate dubbed characters prime universe rose power secretary defense instituted war prime universe abduction son peter seasons recurring season agent senior agent charge sac runs portrays alternate known colonel finds sympathy olivia sacrifices season allow escape parallel universe fourth season alternate timeline colonel remains alive seasons fbi junior agent assistant olivia walter plays counterpart alternate universe symptoms similar syndrome tribute sister disorder season recurring season chief operating officer massive dynamic leading firm science technology research longtime friend walter william plays parallel universe alternate timeline season agent plans season season episodes recurring season fbi senior agent olivia colleague close friend second command fringe division demise charlie killed early second season role charlie alternate universe season episodes olivia fbi partner secret lover death pilot leads olivia join fringe division recurring seasons starring season guest star season agent parallel universe prime universe version lincoln played introduced episode special agent stationed fbi building connecticut later joining fringe division season recurring characters september seasons observers traveling chronicler extraordinary events observer appears form usually like cameo episode seasons olivia sister seasons olivia niece daughter rachel emily portrays future seasons walter lab partner founder massive dynamic apparently killed season finale retired acting season agreed provide voice bell allowing character animated character season reappears season timeline altered season old nemesis olivia assigned assess seasons leader cult killed season finale alternate timeline peter projected appears alive working chance kelly season fbi agent mole working seasons scientist massive dynamic parallel universe works directly secretary overseeing ethical projects seasons olivia like amateur psychologist manager boston area bowling alley family line maintains knowledge people race intelligent beings believed created device seasons leader human machine hybrids undercover agents alternate universe character commits suicide season seasons walter wife peter mother portrays prime alternate versions seasons introduced romantic interest season relationship ends screen season season shape shifting soldier alternate timeline different features seen normal timeline bishop seasons peter olivia adult daughter fringe team loyal observers secretly works human resistance try reclaim earth humans captain seasons lead observer primary antagonist resistance development conception created fringe produced bad robot association commitment previously studio time working star trek film met star trek production ideas later brought producer films help developing series inspiration fringe came range sources including writings film altered states films television series files twilight zone stated fringe new kind storytelling combining procedural shows extremely serialized series like lost procedural aspect chosen time premiere shows procedural nature stated fool study originally considered naming series lab envisioned walter laboratory conversation possible team saw way presenting mystery week episodes wanted focus stories told unpredictable ways actual mystery recognizing target audience seen mysteries previous shows films instead wanted storytelling original unexpected claimed challenging aspects developing individual episodes important tell overall story larger plot elements recognized difficulties earlier serialized shows lost alias attracting maintaining viewers seen shows start missed episodes sporadically fringe instead sought create stated new_york_times suggested complexity given episode writers aimed balance line stand episodes factor requested fox heavily serialized balanced moving aspect growth development characters gave ability write self contained episodes contained elements related overall production continued creative staff found took serialized nature opted approach later seasons balancing self contained episodes method introducing overarching themes individual episodes tied pattern season providing information repeatedly larger plot course episodes seasons created characters alliances larger narrative clear avoiding similar problem occurred second seasons alias final step taken script major long running plot elements including finale prior time production contrasted process lost ideas like character flashbacks hatch second season introduced difficulties defining presented viewers instead fringe able create clearly defined words altered necessary network seasonal changes provided clear target overarching plot approaches allowed team introduce unique plot elements introduced time altered fate known start stated certain details hugely important believe shared destroy chance actually getting air noted able benefit open fox network embracing long term stories want tell season executive producer noted seasons worth material having certain chapters overall story aren necessary tell overall story god willing network allows time tell complete story larger story writers placed elements earlier episodes referenced episodes seasons later example season episode ghost network fringe team encounters amber like substance later shown critical means combat breakdown parallel universe eventually prime universe season episode compared aspect planting seeds know plan use later story find ways incorporating later episodes attributed elements world building flesh episodic content producers stated mythology introduced simply tie episodes provide answers generate consequences certain elements mythology established start parallel universe original concept aspects introduce tackled proceeded idea peter parallel universe came early production came lead team jokingly refer peter hatch early mysteries lost hatch lost initially idea introduce fox reilly initially concerned parallel universe aspect progressed season found groove concept readily accepted poignant introduction parallel universe conclusion season finale showed twin towers world trade center standing parallel universe concept introduced writer iconic image leave viewers jackson stated don know better visual better cliff elements devised series progressed writers originally envisioned spending small portions episodes parallel universe wrote episodes season brought idea setting entire episodes parallel universe necessitated development alternate versions main characters considered great playground imagination actors found concept exciting allowed play different characters background considered creative challenge similarly having peter erased timeline finale season idea grew course season writers aware risky felt idea appropriate fringe opted write considering consequences noted gave opportunity reset character relationships determine key aspects remain peter making audience uncomfortable times cast initially sold idea came fourth season progressed production developing core concepts began seek studios develop past successes led quickly jump board project chief executive actively seeking bring project studio heard pitch fringe dinner meeting august similarly entertainment chairman fox knew critical bring project network worked assure happen selected act head showrunner executive producer noted working alias lost interested visit set star trek discussing concept fringe knowing involved direct production work pitched idea intrigued importance characters science fiction drama season brought executive producer showrunner science fiction worried written genre learning concept felt role executive producer match heaven frequent collaborator composed music pilot fringe handing duties assistants took scoring duties season onward retains screen credit wrote series theme music hour pilot episode filmed toronto canada cost total million create basement old church walter lab set pilot set replicated film sites new_york vancouver moved lab set designed production designer films called character lab heart soul fringe consequently remain constant cow pilot episode recast production season moved new_york livestock restrictions preventing brought canada united_states locations season included universities stage harvard_university campus walter lab located included yale_university including old campus particularly hall hall exterior february reported event fringe renewed second season production vancouver new_york_city cost cutting measure executive producer explained want stay new_york new_york incredibly good feels like kicked city know making impossible afford new_york crew spectacular worked look great looks like new_york tax credit makes possible budget new_york looks like necessity leave new_york welcoming productions moving vancouver british_columbia canada season stands harvard area serves filming locations fringe stories place parallel universe prior start production fifth season announced leaving production pursue projects remain sole showrunner casting main characters olivia peter walter core concept fringe creators recognized early idea telling father son story relationship story compelling accessible according able provide characters like long term plot elements alluded episodes seasons characters contrast typical procedural genre having clearly defined roles episode episode instead emotional memory emotional investment stated allowed necessary characters removed introduced larger impact characters actors cast portrayed fbi agents respectively play agent joined cast later casting play massive dynamic employee federal agent assistant respectively followed plays main character cast jackson auditioned star trek believed impressed producer cast television project later clarified recalling previous experience working jackson television series principal recurring actors intrigued script pilot comparing hour long movie reputation april announced appear lab partner season finale explores existence ominous parallel universe choice led reviewer question fringe plot homage episode explored concept alternate reality referred mirror universe evil version distinguished returned bell extended arc according bell beginning answers bigger questions reprised role second season finale character walter met showdown character apparently dead season finale having help walter peter alternate olivia prime universe retired acting thought unlikely character return february announced definite plan return fringe reprise role returned voice character animated segments season episode acid appeared computer generated character fourth season episode letters transit finale fourth season returned play ultimate antagonist alternate timeline story arc media home video releases season fringe released dvd september region addition episodes aired extras include commentary tracks scenes gag scenes features fringe pattern analysis feature included blu ray version exclusive sets released september region september region second season features commentary tracks gag reel deleted scenes scenes videos episode unearthed episode produced season aired schedule second season released dvd blu ray september region september region november region season features commentary tracks gag reel scenes videos features exclusive blu ray version released dvd blu ray september region september region october region fourth season includes special features including culture fringe discussion series writers university professors science featured series features disappearance peter affects timeline role observers features covering fringe comic series gag reel released dvd blu ray september region september region october region fifth season includes titled farewell fringe fringe panel comic con audio commentaries gag reel released blu ray dvd region region complete series box set released dates fifth season release respective regions games alternate reality game centered fictional massive dynamic corporation introduced pilot featured strange symbols paired glowing dots appearing episode advertisement company shown end web address game books comics august prequel comic book leading right moment pilot olivia meets walter written released imprint issue monthly issue limited series delayed january monthly publication resumed sixth final issue scheduled release june vice president explained publication hiatus writers want sure comic book integrated mythology fringe world decided direction comic book unfortunately means delays january june issue second monthly series released final issue released november additionally september released issue fringe comic series story written titled peter machine comic issues alternate story story example peter machine place issues story finished new story starts encyclopedia guide september bishop written previously written lost released march series prequel novels written released novel deals member fringe team past titled walter discovery second series titled burning man based olivia exposed titled sins father peter life point time series starts possible film san diego comic con actor mentioned film line reception early reception season generally lukewarm pilot episode watched million viewers garnering nielsen ratings adults ratings improving course episode ratings improved greatly second episode old story million people watched making fifth watched week october achieved place demographic new shows series received critics found promising reminiscent battle sexes charm usa_today said brings fringe director eye plot pace fan love sci excitement story gift investing absurd events real emotions characters travis ign gave calling lackluster pilot promises pretty good series san_francisco_chronicle remarked ambitious chicago_sun-times called update x-files addition terrorism office retrospective series writer noted similarities x-files including monster week approach romance series lead characters relatively recent release turned audiences x-files year review television pity declared fringe year biggest commenting entertaining cast largely strong character development insufficient main character considered wooden distant half season haven gotten know sharp acted note written character daily herald commented fringe promising develop worthwhile program largely spinning wheels articles best worst new_york_times stated fringe best new series toy paranormal author goes praise cast saying credit belongs stars agent investigating bizarre murders appear linked powerful mysterious multinational corporation backed crazy brilliant fringe scientist level headed skeptical son played changes approach storytelling second subsequent seasons led positive critical reception media favorite entertainment_weekly stated best new year took weeks grow blown addiction los_angeles_times called best characters noting role modern day mad scientist easily disaster fringe writers create character sounds sci chicago_tribune stated episodes predictable formulaic adds excellent episodes new_york_times named fringe television shows television pity previously dismissive listed memorable moments stating great fringe moments year treated best sci television past fall named fringe 15th best stated episode peter gave series overarching storyline devastating emotional core making series rare blend inventive ideas wild ambition unexpected ign named fringe 18th best science fiction time listing stating middle season series jaw dropping holy moments layered wonderful nuanced performances entertainment_weekly listed best cult shows past years saying fringe conceived mass appeal genre procedural background mythology wouldn monster week episodes mythology overtook monsters following revelation parallel universe season fringe multiple versions character unfortunately increasing narrative complexity steadily niche declared white greatest hours television history wrote white hour television shouldn work technically doesn exist thank god powerful episodes created showcases fringe series time ratings series renewal following table seasonal rankings based total viewers episode including fringe fox fringe premiered united states television season regular timeslot eastern season fringe fox initiative known remote free episodes fringe longer standard dramas current network television ran half commercials adding minutes went commercial short aired informing viewer roughly time commercials consume program resumed pilot episode leaked months series premiere similar leaked fellow fox series sarah connor chronicles series renewed second season moved thursday renewed season march reorganization midseason line capture market fox network shifted fringe timeslot commonly considered friday night death slot previous fox shows cancellation shortly following slot left critics considering fate x-files originally premiered slot continue highly successful series critics unsure fringe duplicate performance slot competed supernatural series attracts similar types viewers fox entertainment president response concerns stated fringe viewership time shifting recording digital video receivers expect viewership numbers change significantly change friday reilly near schedule big win promoted critical reaction fox network created self promotional advertisement acknowledging reputation time slot including quotes media outlets concerned asserted network created music video set echoes band means season date prior friday broadcast plays cautioned time shifted viewership save people watching fringe people watching fringe hour air key network producers excited considering slot open territory conquered actually deliver like x-files series creator optimistic friday nights aware likelihood renewed fourth season highly dependent number niche viewers continue watch moving friday nights allows creative freedoms maintain viewership new timeslot feels renewed season hard pressed resolve story end season episode friday timeslot scored key demographic increase thursday aired episode scored maintained similar numbers second week viewership slipped weeks renewed fourth season march unexpected based ratings given past performance shows similar viewership numbers friday night slot critics attribute strong fanbase garnered contributes consistently higher time shifted viewership fox reilly stated fringe truly hit creative stride distinguished television original programs series ingenious producers talented cast crew passionate loyal fans planet fourth season possible moved asked fans follow thrilled bring season fox family reilly added renewal prompted high risk trying replace fringe unknown viewership commented far better shot sticking audience think grow prior onset fourth season reilly reiterated expect significant growth fringe viewership season pretty complex fringe exactly fringe year going happy right pocket creatively stated interview hollywood reporter fox network supportive process viewership wasn exactly hoped aspects loyal fan base supportive critics forward season commented creative conditions renewal cuts budget unsure moved different time slot noble comic con fringe panel reiterated fans responsible stated seriously efforts support wouldn right best fans existed fourth season premiered september renewal fifth season stated skepticism renewal opportunity hoped cancelled picked network hand considered fox pick fifth season year great ending similarly fox reilly remained cautious renewal noting shows friday night slot expensive lose lot money reilly reiterated dedication fans helping fourth season continued success asked writers notice write fourth season finale series finale necessary reilly stated issue chief executive responded plans viewers closure season expect series continue late january fox working negotiating lower licensing cost allow fifth season occur help fox reduce losses bring total number episodes giving better opportunity syndicate announcement fifth season stated created series finale end fourth season cancelled stated want care fans want gone know commitment want satisfied officially renewed fifth final season television season consisting shortened set episodes april premiere september reilly announcing renewal stated fringe remarkably creative series set bar television imaginative dramas bringing final allows provide climactic conclusion passionate loyal fans deserve writing team crafted idea cohesive story driven set thirteen episodes means complete series honor audience served proper farewell according noble called season fans story elements past international broadcasts fringe premiered canada simultaneous premiere watched program canada week airing seasons beginning season fringe broadcast city canada version edited time premiered network australia september season episode meet jones opening scene doctors discover parasite heart cut going straight opening credits network later dropped primetime schedule temporary returned december january non ratings period series later moved digital multi channel seasons played series premiered united_kingdom october syndication episodes final season fringe total episodes critical number syndication deals considered reason final renewal premiered syndication november awards nominations fringe cast crew nominated won awards including saturn awards golden reel awards satellite awards writers guild america awards | Fringe (TV series) | Media and drama | Television | Fringe series |
14572_Fringe(season2) | fringe season second season american science fiction television series fringe commenced airing fox network september concluded season produced association actors reprised roles fbi agent father son duo peter previous series regulars returned limited capacity season followed continuation war prime parallel set episodes jackson parallel universe lured real father noble creator described season identifying enemy referred season getting know enemy build specific type confrontation writers focused characters development particular making comfortable solving cases style episode producers sought create perfect episode mixed standalone episode qualities casual viewers development series mythology regular viewers departure previous season second season aired new competitive timeslot contained episodes plus episode produced season unearthed aired special episode season days prior window new episode season series musical episode brown betty produced request network season finale fully introduced parallel universe laid season fringe ended second season episode average million total viewers ratings share demographic season generally received critics agreed second half considerable improvement series chosen number best television lists including new_york_times entertainment_weekly despite critical acclaim fringe failed earn major category nominations 62nd primetime emmy awards receive nominations creative arts emmy awards golden reel awards saturn awards guest actor won respective categories second season released dvd blu ray region september region september region november season summary olivia having taken office parallel universe returned prime universe short term amnesia unable recall experience massive dynamic sharp directs bowling alley manager gives cryptic helpful advice overcome amnesia fringe division discovered human machine hybrid bleed mercury crossed unbeknownst takes form olivia partner charlie sam advice allows olivia recall bell told gives information calls agents use information recover body agent entity operating parallel universe provides olivia advice great war bell occur time peter come forgive walter past walter grown accustomed normal life outside institution troubled secret newton old technology walter bell research able pull entire building parallel universe prime team races time prevent harm laws mass conservation building prime pulled parallel event forces walter try olivia recall abilities identify things affected parallel universe initially unable fear failure enables ability allowing save people target building revealing peter parallel universe walter explains olivia bell devised way observe parallel universe found close losing son walter peter died continued search cure missed sign observer september arrived lab walter cure aimed cross equipment lake stalled lab assistant tackled way losing arm process walter found cure broken intent alternate peter posed father crossed peter intending administer cure lab return peter return ice broke threatening saved september cautioned walter boy live walter successfully administered cure wife elizabeth saw peter walter realized return peter parallel universe walter reveals truth considers letting peter know struggles hoping seek god actions newton continued use walter technology bring temporary existence elements parallel universe enables newton agents bring figure known secretary despite fringe attempts stop peter action parallel universe furious walter hiding information leaves hiding pacific_northwest peter meets secretary true father offers parallel universe peter accepts olivia walter alerted september plans use peter initiate operation strange device threatens destroy prime universe launch rescue attempt parallel universe find suffers caused walter crossing forcing fringe team use amber like substance surround areas regardless innocent lives trapped meet walter bell resolve past differences olivia faces works secretary defense able recover peter seen device recognized reacted biology wants willing return olivia walter peter attempt return engaged bell sacrifices provide energy device allow cross aware secretly switched places olivia orders olivia captured held secured facility episodes development crew season produced association set boston production second season moved new_york_city vancouver financial necessity lost access new_york production tax incentive program fringe consequently got new writing staff production team creators producer remained involved series returned executive producers previous episode director joined crew consulting producers episode writing credits season remained hands second instead focusing commitments like film star trek explained talk day period couple weeks don speak lot lot stuff happens way stayed vendors series visual effects effectively giving fringe sense continuity overall visual effects supervisor commented having companies helped feel big bump season particularly different crews different vibe little bit despite decreased involvement sent visual effects series production responded notes writing filming responding criticism season episodes wrapped solved commented end season found absolutely early falling trap fantastic quickly answer reduce tension tried course correct promise questions don answered right away elaborated goal energy bigger episode goes learning tell version detective story police procedural elements incredible mash genres think getting better finding way stories developed second season storyline explained mapped season way remained fundamentally faithful changed certain aspects knew olivia peter going start end got different originally planned season focused olivia dealt discovering existence enemy second designed build specific type confrontation season people putting final pieces invasion play explaining time producers approached second season journey self maturation characters wanted main cast members comfortable team peter written heroic reluctance desire help father walter gradually independent grounded human secret peter origins main story focuses season audience aware walter secret season finale producers wanted acknowledge characters walter suffering desperately trying quiet olivia peter grew closer truth ing things time develop avoid focusing event event event instead concentrating real consequences peter olivia eventual discovery second season mythology intended revealed small parcels season tried create episode best standalone traits needed casual viewers advancement mythology watched regularly start season believed found good rhythm mythology started affect characters point standalone episodes advance mythology season ended commented san diego comic con international learned fan fans love mythology needs networks started experimenting thing called standalone myth cited season 18th episode white prime example noting following walter journey right mix fringe producers avoid mythology issue perceived happened alias television series joint statement released midway season noted internal rule effort raise mythological questions merely string viewers provide answers generate consequences fox request writers developed musical episode brown betty fit network fox rocks campaign vein series glee episode necessary elements place fox request producers able add musical theme narrative device explore walter feelings aftermath peter discovery flight prepare season finale producers began developing characteristics parallel universe relatively early relating interested world building concept choices differing events led possessing standing destroyed white_house historical included statue liberty use transportation believed additions texture actually makes world detail makes feel real series began filming vancouver campus served substitute harvard_university heritage buildings antique scenes set alternate universe shot area outside vancouver consulting producer previous fringe director returned direct episodes producer executive producer producer time guest directors season included cast main cast episodes episodes episodes episodes episodes episodes episodes previous season second season featured main characters working solve fringe cases played determined fbi agent able travel result childhood experiments performed drug man responsible experiments played walter son stole parallel universe portrayed members main cast included junior fbi agent walter lab assistant agent massive dynamic executive agent character killed season fourth episode time hinted actor possible return later season returned guest star season finale parallel universe version featured unearthed special episode filmed season aired eleventh episode second season recurring cast second season marked large number recurring guest appearances played september observer mysterious man observes important events appeared episode season merely brief observers revealed including august december portrayed massive dynamic scientist founder played despite actor recent retirement season main villains played portrayed mysterious man helps olivia recover injuries appeared olivia sister played rachel daughter olivia niece blake played walter wife new fbi agent portrayed appeared subjects played david respectively appeared wife played rare book seller appeared boyfriend played agent parallel universe finale played appeared senator notable guest stars included quinn lord reception ratings broadcast fringe season ended average million viewers season new series rated adults week season finale fox renewed fringe second season giving season pick episodes network president entertainment explained fringe proved notable addition schedule season fans builds fantastic season finale later fox announced fringe moving second season aired competitive timeslot explained door open night long time fringe real alternative grey csi crime scene investigation perceived healthy season second season premiere watched estimated million viewers ratings season continued decline culminating million viewers watching finale fringe second season ended average million viewers episode ratings share adults causing series finish place season network television shows fringe lead bones help network increase adults aged percent total viewers night previous year despite ratings fringe received season renewal march reviews second season fringe received generally favorable reviews beginning season series featured september cover entertainment_weekly promised readers deep dive witty world metacritic film review aggregate website gave second season based reviews indicating generally favorable reception viewing episodes entertainment_weekly columnist ken_tucker gave series calling fastest shows television fringe successfully mixes crime genre sci cold heartfelt emotion slant_magazine gave fringe half stars watching episodes believed second season little stuck creative desire grab new viewers need build mythology universe understood need attract larger audience thought standalone episodes stellar scary unsettling find war particularly compelling expressed hope fringe find review entire second season ign believed despite premiere great start half contained lackluster episodes lot fans worried got rumors cancellation circulating second half showed fringe best sci series agreed called half entertaining essential noting great improvement mid way season finally grounded freak week deep sadness continued season episode peter finally moment changed peter life giving series overarching storyline devastating emotional core based father love instead theoretical concepts got better series expanded world making concepts concrete fringe rare blend inventive ideas wild ambition unexpected believed end season fringe truly found daring experimental episodes like musical brown betty heartbreaking stand episodes like white favorite hour television year wasn lost related particular critics highlighted season premiere new day old town regular episodes peter white season finale main cast members performances praised critics noted series continued sense humor seen season fringe second season chosen number best television lists including new_york_times entertainment_weekly digital_spy new_york_post aol squad ign named fringe best sci series beating fellow nominees lost awards nominations 62nd primetime emmy awards actor actress submitted work second season consideration outstanding lead actor drama series outstanding lead actress drama series categories respectively actors actress submitted work consideration outstanding supporting actor drama series outstanding supporting actress drama series categories respectively second season fringe submitted consideration outstanding drama series category failed garner nomination failure series garner major category nominations perceived notable media outlets second season received nominations sound editing creative arts emmy awards golden reel awards season sole musical episode brown betty received nomination short form musical television golden reel awards noble guest actor nominated saturn awards winning respective categories noble received nomination satellite awards lost home video releases second season fringe released dvd blu ray region september region september region november sets includes episodes plus episode season disc dvd set disc blu ray set presented special features sets include commentary tracks momentum deferred peter brown betty episodic scene include analyzing scene episodes files scenes select episodes unusual effects gag reel include lab john noble prop master pattern mythology fringe episode season unearthed presented special feature separate episodes | Fringe (season 2) | Media and drama | Television | Fringe series |
5704_Hurricane!(AmericanDad!) | hurricane american dad hurricane second episode eighth season animated comedy series american dad episode produced season aired fox united_states october episode plot mainly revolves smith family prepare evacuation response oncoming hurricane reluctant leave home stan encourages family ride storm house hurricane sends flood city puts entire family danger hurricane final night hurricane block cleveland president entertainment division introduced idea crossover creator shows episode announced san diego comic con international episode plot loosely modeled disaster film adventure originally scheduled air season finale seventh season hurricane postponed tornado outbreak occurred april factors included march japanese episode received television critics praised humor cultural references viewed million viewers initial airing receiving rating demographic according nielsen ratings hurricane written directed featured guest voices plot hurricane arrives prepare evacuate home neighbor amphibious stan recommends family stay home storm believing best way safe jeff wish stay help animals left zoo stan notion steve roger supporting points stan history making terrible decisions crisis situations debate resolved breaks ocean floods street removing path trapping home neighborhood flooded house drifting current attempt save family floating potential dangerous areas stan anchors home system acts house upside partially underwater family increasingly frightened especially latest advice leads attacked shark shark loose house family fights survival stan loses hope admits suggestions better gives encouragement speech prove reliable crisis stan bear zoo battle shark situation animals work kill family refusing accept pleas help stan instead throws hits wife shoulder instead bear enters house gun predators shooting stan later tells right despite ordeal stan longer convinced stay future crisis storm stan looks scope damage storm find stand houses ended sides house hurricane hit respective towns earlier comes door stan accidentally shoots peter claims classic american dad production episode announced july series creator san_diego california entertainment president originally pitched idea crossover inspired theme nights comedy shows 1980s described crossover event enormous challenge substantial undertaking chose central story line writing staff write stories unfamiliar characters willing crossover event received successful ratings episode plot hurricane modeled action adventure disaster film adventure interview plot final crossover episode producer american dad stated end flooding house turning upside continued ultimately house ends neighborhood homes actual crossing event occurs end episode stan gets involved stand peter griffin family guy april executives officially announced hurricane air night hurricane crossover cleveland episode hurricane family guy episode party april announced crossover event removed schedule response series tornadoes killed nearly people crossover subsequently replaced repeats american dad bestseller family guy ain cleveland later agreed decisions consulted executives fox company later announced episode air succeeding season hurricane directed directing credit season episode marked time parsons directed american dad episode seventh season episode written served writing credit season production credit sixth season episode debt life addition regular cast voice actor actress voice actress guest starred episode roger night stand respectively recurring voice actors reprised roles respectively addition american dad roles stan roger reprised family guy role henry guest starred role episode marked time henry guest appearance american dad season episode stan night reprised roles having season seven episode best little horror house reception ratings hurricane aired united_states october animation television night fox preceded episodes simpsons sister shows cleveland viewed million viewers initial airing despite simultaneously airing abc amazing race cbs match baltimore nbc total viewership episode highest animation television block fox having moderately higher ratings cleveland lower ratings simpsons family guy hurricane garnered rating demographic according nielsen ratings total viewership ratings slightly previous episode hot water watched million viewers garnered rating demographic television reviews critics generally praised episode deeming hurricane best crossover praised episode giving rating points acclaim went humor episode moore opined packed lot funny lines lot ridiculous stan antics pretty funny arc involving roger girlfriend episode stated episode bad kaiser stated didn work kaiser went episode grade scoring higher family guy episode party lower simpsons episode stops smell writer felt interactions stan inferior previous episodes series wrote breaks away stan fun relationship conventional cartoon relationship husband wife check | Hurricane! (American Dad!) | Media and drama | Television | American Dad! |
14900_IAmtheWalrus(AmericanDad!) | american dad thirteenth episode seventh season american dad airing fox united_states march mainly centers stan son steve competing dominant role house steve person finish meal stan dismay stan intimidated son afraid stance alpha male household jeff suffering marital relationship problems seek marriage counseling directed serving director episode written featured guest appearances recurring actors actresses series critics gave episode positive reviews praise stemming main storyline viewed million viewers acquiring rating demographic initial airing according nielsen ratings plot smith family dinner stan talks events occurred documentary animals aired earlier shortly conversation steve person finish meal stan surprise stan later insecure incident afraid stance alpha male household morning steve watching movie television stan abruptly pushes couch claims territory steve furious tells situation kitchen tells stan intimidated feels dominance steve talks stan issue openly challenges position dominant person household steve manages stan inspired documentary thing son sex turning roger help steve suggested party laid informed stan rushes party stop son arriving stan learns steve attempts sex girl failed boy having mental breakdown roger explains threat steve challenging stan threat steve future son shall born challenging stan later apologizes admits having failed raise man chain events continuously getting arguments jeff decide marriage counseling arrive class dedicated pottery session intended start learning counselor session jeff insists stay plan couple later arrive home tells goal accomplish clean house confused jeff refuse forcing lewis hold gunpoint tasks jeff later pulls drugs ability takes jeff steal rare watch escape returns watch tells fixed jeff relationship gets watch takes stephen pills later stan teach steve roger away unknown possibly sexual reasons production directed series regular second episode season episode parsons direct season episode served director episode written series regular second time written episode season having written season episode creator executive producer american dad sister shows cleveland served executive producer episode series veterans animation producer episode tenth episode season served production manager episode bell tenth episode season served production manager recurring voice actors featured episode guest starred steve friends episode return play return resume role husband richardson previously reprised roles season episode debt life fischer previously reprised role season episode bell tolls cultural references episode makes references pop culture referencing films music media roger takes persona help steve lose steve excitement finally able use dance moves scene cuts steve roger taking turns ottoman nod video went viral teenagers danced similarly song pony plays sequence steve roger distracted problem stan watching airplane quote classic don scene watch airplane sequel steve says better film actual reception generally negative title episode reference beatles song sequence steve picks line comic books repeatedly says family guy episodes peter got woods woods eats trail candy says piece candy repeatedly reception broadcast march animation television night fox episode ended line time american dad episode ended animation television night fox season episode bell tolls new episode american dad shortly following month long hiatus preceded simpsons bob sister family guy relative cleveland notably absent air date viewed million viewers original airing despite airing simultaneously nbc cbs abc total viewership episode slightly higher bob significantly lower simpsons achieved rating demographic group according nielsen ratings highest rating line episode total viewership ratings significantly previous episode debt life viewed million viewers initial airing garnered rating demographic episode ratings total viewership highest season episode bell tolls viewed million viewers acquired rating demographic met positive reviews critics gave episode positive review review episode opined episode didn quality half hour jokes kaiser praised argument stan steve calling superb sequence concluding review kaiser went write despite episode manages successfully come emotional resolution stan realizing steve utter failure attempted mating resolves steve son instead potential masculine competition rape joke american dad actually surprisingly funny rape joke went episode scoring higher simpsons episode love thing scoring lower bob episode western reacted positively writing good american dad lineup roger fine form appreciate trying figure jeff work family dynamic got maybe things work better way critical sub plot review episode hughes opined story left wanting writers trying figure new dynamic having married jeff living house thing barely addressed week got fairly weak exploration having fairly standard marital problems | I Am the Walrus (American Dad!) | Media and drama | Television | American Dad! |
5721_OurFather(Dexter) | father father season premiere fifth overall episode american television drama series aired september showtime united_states episode written directed episode takes place months second season finale mistakenly kills innocent man forms friendship man brother known assistant district attorney sister turned new leaf life determined detective carry remainder season writers introduced new character relationship serve central arc order allow explore psychological emotional reactions writers revealed girlfriend pregnant kill innocent person develop ongoing theme rebellion despite initially rejecting idea killing somebody doesn deserve filming episode began early june los_angeles california sunset studios small crew flew miami florida set film short pieces integrated father episodes episode brought million viewers improvement second season premiere finale attracted mixed reviews critics plot months deaths colleague sgt sponsor life returned normal looks drug dealer fred believes killed female college students pretending want buy heroin visits house sees girlfriend returns house night finds fighting man man attacks stabs kills self defense flees shocked breaking father harry code killing innocent person called scene following day discovers man brother known assistant district attorney seeks explanation invites oscar wake attends leaving dead father birthday begins question harry code loyalty necessary police department promoted sergeant changed given men alcohol cigarettes recently transferred department investigated sgt asks repeatedly eye quinn declines discovers earn detective shield discovers quinn oscar drug loudly information presence asks remove case instead puts case jane recognizes personal life going relationship bonding children chocolate recalling instance realizes pregnant production writing staff began meeting march ideas season storylines said writers decided open season revelation pregnancy thinking affect psychologically emotionally create life spent adult life taking lives chose introduce new character intention relationship central arc season according hall actor considered role initially interested joining cast phillips explained dark accepted job offer opportunity play character played said promised going challenge stuff haven given shot delivered goods regard abandonment harry code hall said need rebel real engine season hired appear season episodes asked beginning second season possibility killing innocent person runner said protecting character thought important kill people deserve phillips said don want killing somebody doesn deserve impulse explored notion having killed properly person making mistake production scheduled commence late delayed early june small crew flew miami hall according producer filmed lot pieces walking door car scenes know need use returning permanent sets sunset studios los_angeles reception father brought million viewers percent improvement second season premiere finale showtime highest rated drama season premiere nielsen_media_research began compiling ratings premium networks united_kingdom episode ninth watched program timeslot viewers audience share percent significant decline alive second season premiere father received mixed reviews critics thought dull performance received widespread critical acclaim alan_sepinwall star-ledger said frustrated episode despite finding faults writing help thinking seen world need writing ign thought revelation pregnancy interesting development necessarily instantly edge seat improve great like australian felt beginning season gone scale saying lost edge supposed despite holding relationships los_angeles_times critic sure season changes good felt series settled state escape feeling seen hand san_francisco_chronicle wrote gives viewers magnificent likened fast moving plot urgency brilliance squad critic surprised said far season good guide thrilled join cast said season opener lacked explosive excitement certainly writing zap2it said combination good acting gets comparison second season opening creative team appears | Our Father (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
7516_TheBritishInvasion(Dexter) | british invasion british invasion twelfth episode finale second season fourth overall episode american television drama series aired december showtime united_states episode written based story directed episode finds sgt imprisoned cabin learns object affection serial killer known bay harbor butcher decides help kills setting cabin fire sister questions career important relationship fbi special agent british invasion filmed early november death according writers pilot episode character good kill episode seen million viewers according nielsen ratings received mixed reviews critics nominated hour series short form television episode included guide greatest episodes title episode title refers influx british rock roll bands 1960s plot morgan satellite navigation system arrives cabin breaks find imprisoned sgt tells bay harbor butcher having hide enormous secret refuses unlock cage convinced soul mate tries help blowing cabin inside fbi special agent task force determined location race colleagues reach cabin arrives cabin discovers destroyed fire believes miracle morning police find body water freedom visits girlfriend house reconcile having sex loss partner denial tries collect donations memorial service remains determined let end bay harbor butcher case break relationship plans vacation crushed called oregon work murder case evidence murders pointing killer case closed forensic investigator tells gas cabin turned lit sees satellite navigation system evidence realizes found cabin meets tells like emotion lives life devoid feeling form plans leave miami secretly intends kill visits apartment day finds trying persuade leave town forced lie running away hurt leaves recognizes bag murder equipment goes house drugs children realizes missing goes straight apartment lights fire locks inside calls help decides skip flight oregon help finding children manages free small window eventually thin wall allowing escape later travels paris fled kills hotel room miami attends memorial service detective angel awarded work bay harbor butcher case production staff writers initially planning write script finale process developing story hired write film adaptation novel twilight described incredibly understanding asked write worked episode story writers planned pilot episode eventually kill executive producer said shelf life collision course executive producer believed unrealistic season having discover murderer said risks taken good kill character killed prevent recycling ideas writers stay aggressive repeat according phillips plays mentioned difficulty killing murder innocent man killer filming british invasion concluded production second season ended early november filming locations episode included miami florida including including los_angeles california skeleton crew flew france film scenes walking streets paris reception british invasion drew million viewers broadcast percent improvement season finale born free watched episode airing season finale morgan british invasion received positive mixed reviews critics ign felt episode thrilling intriguing ultimately terrific rated found death dramatically absent disappointed portrayal gave episode grade saying episode exciting satisfying felt cheated forced decide kill disappointed character primarily served plot device writing guide believed finale particularly impressed choice leave grief death squad thought british invasion predictable enjoyable nonetheless zap2it reviewer felt episode disappointing comparison season finale born free displeased circumstances death lack direction character arc abrupt end relationship dvd verdict called finale entertaining cable recent memory work episode nominated primetime emmy award outstanding cinematography hour series team sound editors nominated golden reel award british invasion category best sound editing sound effects short form television episode unsuccessfully submitted primetime emmy awards judging panel consideration outstanding supporting actor | The British Invasion (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
8326_TheGetaway(Dexter) | fourth season finale american television drama series 48th overall episode series originally aired showtime december episode goes great lengths stop arthur knows true identity learns truth mother homicide division closes support acknowledges hidden demons written based story directed marked conclusion plotline final regular appearance guest star portrayed episode included death wife portrayed regular cast member beginning series protect twist ending death producers imposed strict security measures included distribution fake alternate endings forcing staff members sign non disclosure agreements received generally positive reviews commentators calling twist ending shocking unexpected likely change direction entire series according nielsen ratings episode watched million households making watched original series episode showtime history plot having learned truth identity arthur confronts police station knows arthur warns leave leaves follows arthur car accidentally strikes car way follows arthur bank sees arthur bring large envelope van attacks arthur knocking dragging van realizes envelope filled cash plans arthur van away kill arthur spots driver car struck earlier talking police officers car hides envelope confronts driver acts frustrated attacks detained police time released arthur gone recovers envelope money continues looking mysterious woman secret affair father harry old informant harry takes woman house recognizes house ice main villain season engaged tried kill informant reveals woman sage researching learns mother ice brother police discovered real identity trinity arthur house confronts surprise fears close realizing secret life serial killer instead says believes ice loves foster brother inspired partially partially desire better family man arthur considers giving killing people convincing wife safely town searches arthur eventually tracking capturing insists like arthur arthur insists right killed framing hammer arthur tells arthur body boat comes realize love family starting need kill begins hope future killing returning home finds message came home airport forgot identification returns phone find cell phone bags house hears harrison crying bathroom finds dead harrison sits pool blood bathroom floor manner left pool mother blood youth gave tendencies production fourth season finale directed written based story final episode helmed runner executive producer departure spend time family filming ended october episode originally aired showtime december marked conclusion season long plotline featured serial killer primary antagonist fourth season episode included death regular character beginning series death screen killer specifically identified strongly suggested killed confirmed true interview aired showtime immediately episode originally broadcast said future series determined fifth season set begin february death alluded producers told media outlets included series changing twist leading widespread speculation possibility character death possibility learning truth brother nature extra security precautions taken prevent finale secrets exposed network staff members forced sign non disclosure agreements scripts drafted protect twist ending fake alternate endings learned news child murderer escaping prison episode end trying decide join vacation escaped killer essential cast staff allowed set filming episode scripts dvds episode taken set phillips claimed staff know finale conclude late season phillips said death began feel inevitable story evolved said told knew beginning season phillips said staff felt simply kill final episode especially felt death season antagonist played handled writers discussed idea having find secret life decided drastically series changed revelation heard rumors character killed episode officially notified late september producers held meeting day season finale script distributed cast said tough meeting bizarre way felt like scene unhappy news handled professionally described death scene poetic executive producer said difficult kill long standing character felt needed taken felt motives arthur killing deliberately open interpretations including arthur killed bizarre way trigger deal asked arthur told secret life killing phillips said answer determined fifth season planned added think tell called ending bold stroke reset stage series character began feel live emotional connection wife family hall said ending felt audience think kind thing going tie people knots called death fantastic choice said shed completely different light final scene arthur appears somewhat sympathetic audience learned arthur said knew arthur killed beginning season said particularly enjoyed working particularly cited opening scene police station said hall great working rhythms finding real meaning moment realizes arthur advantage said enjoyed final scene including moment realized daughter committed suicide unusual character moment like moment pain reception ratings broke records showtime cable network finale episode seen million households according nielsen ratings making watched original series episode network history rating surpassed record broken week prior episode hello seen million households pair episodes watched showtime telecast october broadcast boxing match seen percent viewers season finale morgan aired december high ratings gave boost season finale aired immediately season finale episode seen million households highest viewership series critical reaction episode received critical acclaim cited critics best series commentators calling twist ending shocking unexpected likely change direction entire series entertainment_weekly television writer ken_tucker praised twist episode said sent series spinning new direction season tucker praised writing staff maintaining suspense creating new world world awful universe trinity trapped family said episode good final scene twist shed different light scenes harris said twist nice know isn god ign reviewer gave episode incredible rating saying sure loved final moments arthur toy train bomb shelter looking scene knowing final moments episode filled eerie easter eggs definitely arthur said thought heard words saw beat line confused meaning fact arthur accepting death let know sinister play course real bitch having dispatched trinity officially spirit vengeance scene stands beautifully certainly given arthur send knew monster point fingers certain took entire season mistakes led demise satisfying constructed story actually buy believe end truly wanted rid spirit need kill trinity wound entire justice system wound catching arthur based solely expert detective work ign listed 2nd list kills saying murder america great review entire fourth season giving season incredible rating said finale came ton creepy guilty fun bet saw final scene season finale simply time spent characters years felt ton emotions known writer called ending said death shocking deaths television said twist ending intense woven feature moments led suspect different conclusions praised expected set series death declared best cable dramas called final scene arthur particularly touching said episode shocking called series leaves psychological run deeper darker awards director won primetime emmy award outstanding directing drama series episode addition nominated outstanding single camera picture editing drama series | The Getaway (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
14496_TheDamageaManCanDo | damage man damage man eighth episode season american television drama series aired november showtime united_states episode written directed episode assistant district attorney asks assistance killing sister finds boyfriend informant missing tells longer legally work episode marked time character joined victim murder scenes filming scene october accidentally stabbed stunt man real knife scene prop knife knife struck small piece plastic chase chest unharmed damage man received generally positive reviews critics plot introduces football player debt kills pay debts initially hesitant suggests teach murder casino tries explain deceased father harry code later break house find murder weapon says need evidence proving incentive kill finds recording returns casino prepare unused murder arrange kill night somebody recognizes casino calls plan angered criticizes harry code agrees ahead murder mentions severely beat abusive father found satisfying moments life drug casino stabs kills telling feels fantastic cleaning crime scene vision father tells sharing code mistake responsible actions finds bag marijuana hidden box apartment asks partner previous charges drug possession quinn tells found file asks informant number tells discovers working quinn unofficially legally disclose information police tells longer work informant clerical error filing report disappears quinn continue work case serial killer skinner believing skinner tree bring number questioning contractor tells suspicious workers mario mario tries run quinn arrest pleads sent nicaragua mention king later visits apartment realizes taken skinner recently trimmed trees fiancée unusually pregnancy complains wife refuses help organization upcoming wedding despite having told want engagement ring choose ring apologizes behavior defense attorney tells friend thinks going way job harder end episode killing makes visit ellen house production damage man filmed early october playing harry imagination told vanity_fair challenging play somebody current existence said life find task having conversation mother father deceased suspect lots people hold conversation different images parents appear job best image mind asked playing character join kill room jimmy said crew great respect scenes moments staple time somber michael doesn like interface lot people days subject matter filming scene accidentally picked real knife instead prop knife stabbed chest wearing metal like lot actors scene like chase piece plastic size post note heart struck knife unable stop picked knife bound wrap mouth taped shut tape scene chase said rehearsals missed plastic prop knife times reception overall episode received critics alan_sepinwall star-ledger thought damage man major problems said performances wonderful paste magazine likened episode simply pulp felt voice overs lacked usual dry dark humor wisdom ign critic believed conversations contained traces overly awkward dialogue quinn ellen forced desire kill unnatural writing guide said favorite episode spinning table like wheel enjoyed storyline calling squad thought angel barbara romance awkward watch storyline lame stereotypical believed episode awesome said anxious usual equally anxious away peripheral dramas buddytv critic named damage man fourth best television episode | The Damage a Man Can Do | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
17028_TheDarkDefender | dark defender dark defender fifth episode second season seventeenth overall episode american television drama series aired october showtime united_states episode written directed episode investigates crime scene comic book store sees poster dark defender character inspired crimes guise bay harbor butcher currently investigation police department dreams dark defender saved mother life young anonymous sponsor encourages seek closure confronting mother killers sister suspects new boyfriend write book engagement season ice truck killer inspired set homicide case comic book store realized snow globe desk easily murder weapon visited comic book artist draw render poster dark defender comic book writer rodriguez studio arranged cameo appearances episode episode filmed los_angeles california set miami florida dark defender praised critics nominated writers guild america award script episode submitted sample episode determine nominees outstanding drama series 60th primetime emmy awards nominated series didn win plot drinking coffee sister called murder scene comic book store talking witness victim head snow globe sees poster dark defender killer based later meeting falls asleep dreams death mother dream enters cargo container killed dressed dark defender beats mother murderers ground saving tells sponsor dream tells confront seek closure travel naples florida men alive running tavern having warned girlfriend mother leave children tells going away visiting room goes bar waits patrons left tries explain feels takes baseball bat threatens beat response brutally beats revealing past boys left mother blood tells mother killed informant adoptive father police officer lover punches close killing phones tells use thinking use drugs urges leave inside returns leaving unconscious bar falls asleep lap distraught completely drained morning comes tells went rehab dating man introduced drug addicted boyfriend broke set house fire getting high later find boyfriend inside house burned alive asks thinks bad deserved die agrees tells okay insecure relationship fiancé ice kidnapped tried kill looks mail sees sent book titled ice princess number publishers assumes book angrily breaks discussing break fbi special agent gives background check run revealing children writer realizes ice princess children book visits morning suspects hiding announces staying miami live realizes protect secrets begins cleaning boat night black light detect blood unaware marina believe bay harbor butcher keeping boat marina production thought write comic book store homicide storyline picked snow globe office thought wow thing easily murder weapon weight edge writers wanted use actual globe allow character snow globe episode art department custom snow globe superhero ultimately names including sea king king seas legal reasons trademark copyright issue finding superhero based judge justice considered final choice dark defender said little generic clear said dark defender homage batman dark knight returns featured series novels television series based poster dark defender drawn smile resemble poster rendered comic artist previously worked screenplay development 20th century fox visited rodriguez studio los_angeles discuss art comic book writer thought including things bit special add credibility played dead comic book rodriguez played prime suspect murder dark defender character lent series highly stylized victims second season scenes marina keeps boat filmed bay marina wilmington neighborhood spite miami setting episode opens coffee bar filmed bay floating barge california set comic book store discuss homicide case standing village car park film stake reception ign called dark defender satisfying episode thought far cast crew good job tension seen season impressed discoveries birth mother adoptive father called romance successful storyline writing los_angeles_times called episode standout parts past explored stated regular viewers episode real knockout unfamiliar viewers bit look pretty squad believed revelation affair harry certainly shocking moment episode thought brilliant moments season far going mom killers guide called monologue moving thought confrontation mother killer best shot scenes series praised razor sharp sense humor seen episode thought season bland series remains daring television confrontation named hall best scene variety critic short seasons film quarterly called dark defender season intriguing episode compared batman identities butcher victims revealed murderers public status comic book anti hero disappearing night like clark fucking kent fbi describes butcher like personal batman batman comparison prefers violate batman killing live outside law human puts contradictions visiting comic book shop find transformed superhero poster butcher dark defender protector city predators simultaneously share territory break law hopes helping society describes half sick thrill complete dark passenger inside takes command nominated work episode category dark defender submitted primetime emmy awards judging panel determine nominees outstanding drama series award candidates series nominated award episode unsuccessfully submitted outstanding writing drama series | The Dark Defender | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
19346_ReturntoSender(Dexter) | return return sixth episode season american television drama series aired november showtime united_states episode written directed episode investigates murder scene victims returned disposed body girlfriend tries prevent husband paul attending daughter birthday party considers adopting young witness murder finds crime scene set miami florida episode filmed locations los_angeles california including salvage yard field waterfront house said joy work allowed actor spanish lines english translate mentally return received generally positive reviews critics plot eating breakfast house called crime scene discover salvage yard committed double murder previous night finds body lying trailer killed husband despite having thrown corpses ocean ice serial killer personal connection underwater retrieve woman body plant trailer yard sister discover young cuban boy oscar hiding trunk car claims seen somebody trailer begins fear discovery experiences nightmare serial killer identical investigation proceeds attempts shoot colleagues leads case asks read report killer man sharing characteristics second theory hurt worried coming suspicion throws knives overboard boat looking blood drops victims notices slide happy face blood realizes hint ice plants dry drop blood knife hides car salvage yard convinces organize search yard officer finds knife successfully framing murder discovers oscar description man saved fact jesus christ abusive husband paul attending daughter birthday party released early prison takes dinner mother sisters bonds oscar considers adopting uncle arrives home flashbacks teenage pleads father harry bring hunting trips harry joining steals gun practices shooting cans later jealousy time spends father production day filming salvage yard took place california hot according trailer victim found brought salvage yard filming externally assembled studio sound stage shooting scenes inside trailer remarked trailer dirty humid things needed filming locations included waterfront house florida home field young practices shooting harry pistol house residential neighborhood california stands childhood home king said joy work called absolute actors director shooting scene witness entirely spanish feel confident spanish lines instead learned lines english translated dialogue mentally scene examining corpse says hungry said lee different time said hungry didn laugh asked lee said writers come good lines pretty leave reception return generally praised critics ign wrote episode interesting flashbacks youth perspective felt young hasty apology insulting slightly cheesy moment thought bonding oscar okay storyline fell little flat guide love episode saying keeps getting better better unsure having dinner family writing squad opened review return saying amazed edge seat hour profile murderer matched storyline husband zap2it disappointed episode audio commentary featuring season dvd | Return to Sender (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
20275_RitaBennett | née later morgan fictional character created book series serial killer named appeared television series based books girlfriend later wife media portrayed series regular seasons character television appearance special guest star season opener entitled bad character appeared novels novels initially considers little disguise normal human perfect cover secret life serial killer later admits growing fond married book dark television series portrayed loving caring mother emotionally damaged physical abuse husband mother later television series gives birth son harrison book series daughter received positive reviews portrayal winning satellite award receiving screen actors guild award nomination executive producer claimed staff know leave late fourth season began feel inevitable story evolved notified day script distributed cast disappointed found scene revealing departure poetic character departure considered controversial reviewers writer said shocking television appearances literature character series novels written author books series include appears original novel book series love sincere television series primarily considers disguise series initially begins dating like normal person later admits grown fond extent talks psychiatrist relationship issues albeit psychiatrist plans kill explained started dating solely improve disguise normal person jailed husband fears intimacy expect suits perfectly novel climax admits fond children closest feeling love humorous misunderstanding couple engaged married end dark series explicitly stated introduced responding domestic dispute hope start dating books explain met books physical fitness buff regularly kilometre runs long bike rides sessions fifth book delicious gives birth daughter devoted discovers children decides provide guidance adoptive father harry gave teach careful efficient killers deserve kept dark true nature relationship suspects wrong children discovers cat able didn understand television series based television appears premiere episode entitled introduced girlfriend revealed early physically sexually abused husband father children sister answered domestic violence saved life ignorant secret life serial killer appears regularly season main source support plays larger role episode return paul released prison demands birthday party asks come party circle friends tells paul children supervised visits months consider letting rights hands divorce papers include clause paul signs father knows best paul begins threatening prevents seeing children forces way house defends hitting head baseball bat seeing red paul presses charges assault paul visits house threatens kitchen hitting pan paul loses consciousness drives hotel plants drugs police paul sent prison second season premiere takes paul prison insists dragged house police find missing shoe prove innocence tells shoe despite having found month previously later admits found shoe refuses acknowledge involved night receives prison learns paul killed altercation waiting paul funeral confronts involvement paul death forced admit having heroin addiction order cover real secret threatens leave commit program deal addiction starts attending meetings mysterious woman named volunteers sponsor visiting mother suspects hiding family lies breaks admits cheated night forest grew stands mother insists house tells longer welcome visit house children apologizes admitting affair mistake hesitant forgive breaks pursuing worker friend harry reconcile visit beach second season finale forced lie running away feeling hurt leaves recognizes bag murder equipment goes house drugs order children realizes missing goes apartment starts fire locks inside calls help decides skip flight oregon boyfriend manages pass small window outside escapes breaking thin wall season opener father realizes pregnant child family unsuccessful marriage proposal tries convince looking convenient merger finances hospitalized medical emergency found hesitant suggests buy house angry refusal help organize wedding season finale morgan married fourth season opener living happily suburban neighborhood new baby harrison remains seen terrible car accident demands keys drive hammer friction begins develop couple relationship seeks guidance family man appears balance responsibilities secret life trinity killer hungry man works hard prepare thanksgiving dinner shares kiss door neighbor asks use arrives appointment marriage counseling gets called crime scene soon arrives soon confesses kissed tries brush later admits felt hurt care punches warns stay away loves fourth season finale asks town honeymoon reality wants safe mitchell learned real identity threatened kill family killing mitchell returns home finds message returned pick identification flight finds dead mitchell victim fifth season premiere bad realizes surprise genuinely loved devastated death reprised role special guest star flashback date corpse development casting characterization character bennett originally invented series novels featured book series wanted bring character television series casting version given copy script asked audition surprised script best pilot scripts read read joked auditioned role fan role feet said interview vanity_fair fan point cell phone ring theme song change got cast performed seasons character killed series presented series loving caring mother result abuse husband interest sex secretly comfortable developed strong character beginning season producers approached character growth wanted stronger shattered season said sad hear loved playing season damaged fragile bird struggling hard better world kids death death alluded producers told media outlets included series changing twist leading widespread speculation security precautions taken prevent finale secrets exposed network staff members forced sign non disclosure agreements scripts drafted protect twist ending alternatives learned child murderer escaping prison tried decide join vacation escaped killer essential cast staff allowed set filming episode scripts dvds episode taken set claimed staff know finale conclude late season said death began feel inevitable story evolved said told knew beginning season phillips said staff felt kill final episode especially felt death season antagonist played handled writers discussed idea having find secret life decided drastically series changed heard rumors character killed episode notified later producers met day season finale script distributed cast said tough meeting bizarre way felt like scene described death scene poetic said wasn happy loved loved having took professionally greatly disappointed professional works television knew possibility mystery writer wrote los_angeles_times yes bit shock discover series characters died season season living covers new book long suffering wife died terrible death year season finale alive having baby delicious advice readers don fiction alternate universe begin dark comedic fiction alternate universe removed upset death season hit care reception critical reaction character received critics praised portrayal ign said solid job developing roles supporting cast getting good development added couple forced moments cherry notably drug dealer came house broad daylight demanding money husband debts bit cliché hand interesting note scene making wonder fears public display physical defense result going far revealing new_york_post said felt like light dark beginning vessel audience love placed 7th list zap2it created poll entitled best mom greatest characters series polls voted 12th list characters staff listing 7th annoying characters noted love complaining character reduced little commitment family summarised die week time series began feel like wouldn miss killed fourth season finale subject controversy character continuing living books writer called ending said death shocking deaths television said twist ending intense woven feature moments led expect different conclusions praised expected set series death declared best cable dramas called final scene completely shocking said episode shocking calling series leaves psychological run deeper darker accolades received portrayal winning nominated multitude awards including win win nominated scream award best horror actress jointly nominated screen actors guild award outstanding ensemble drama series | Rita Bennett | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
21351_BornFree(Dexter) | born free born free twelfth episode season season finale american television drama series aired december showtime united_states episode aired canada september channel australia march india episode written executive producer directed based novel season featured differences original source mainly lead revelation identity ice truck killer episode received critics episode focuses final confrontation ice kidnapping christian final stages plan reunite long lost brother investigate case begins suspect involved tries convince thinks plot identity ice truck killer serial killer bodies victims drains blood find sister murderer sent secret messages searches apartment clues left finds picture shipping container mother killed leave arrive telling think stabbed insists knows reveals blood angel collar matched pair leave goes find shipping container station orders search walks introduces new lieutenant replacing shipping yard breaks container picture find appears asks fist fight arrives orders leave tells knows says watching contacted imprisoned paul contends knocked set annoyed paul dangerous children visited paul anonymous sponsor attempts convince paul telling truth final plea paul calls tells search house shoe believes came knocked hangs discovers shoe taking trash end episode finding clue house arrives house mother flashbacks reveal real fact biological brother witnessed murder mother memory instead grew mental institution treated personality disorder meets brian childhood home keeping intends kill sort family reunion stops rest homicide unit close house brian escapes trap door left appearing saved tries question involvement stopped says hero accompanies hospital returns home apparently middle night brian breaks apartment attempts stab find prosthetic body place unconscious unit brian apartment ties killing table plastic wrap emotionally charged conversation brother throat leaves upside drain staging suicide arrive crime scene like knew happily accepted truth production born free written executive producer directed written previous episodes episode marked fifth time returning director guest stars episode include apartment set miami florida filming took place california apartment brown triangular apartment producers altered appearance false brick wall placed garage entrance door created producers concealed narrow door garage entrance plant added false window windows existing vertical shipping yard shown episode set port miami filming took place port dock port los scene filmed california waterfront lot harbor boulevard season based novel numerous differences ranging extra modifications elements source material biggest change lead revelation identity ice truck killer called butcher novel novel led believe committing murders series strange dreams connect murder final clue photo taken surveillance footage man resembles crime scene killer kidnaps finds confronts subsequently revealed killer actually nearly identical long lost brother brian like witnessed mother brutal murder followed slain brian finds brother killer helps brian escape television series brian introduced fake boyfriend kills brian instead letting escape discover brother secret present confrontation novel brother nearly identical actors playing characters distinct looks reception born free watched original series telecast showtime nielsen ratings started separating channel ratings package showtime channels offered cable satellite systems finale drew audience million american viewers significant increase series premiere attracted slightly viewers season attracted average million american viewers including live viewing premium channel main feed born free brought viewers free air broadcast australia hall submitted episode consideration primetime emmy award outstanding lead actor drama series ultimately nominated ign said born free intense episode brought ice story satisfying conclusion felt biggest shock reveal brother described confrontation gave episode incredible rating guide impressed incredible acting ability praising ability transform killer brother matter moments said series went good fantastic course season hoped sophomore season terrific squad felt shame hall win golden globe award saying certainly deserves understood wanted brothers victim jealous life received killing symbol life dying said episode written troubled connection read file speculated discovered season | Born Free (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
23282_It'sAlive!(Dexter) | alive alive second season premiere thirteenth overall episode american television drama series aired september showtime united_states episode written directed episode takes place weeks season finale sgt following times gets opportunity finds unable kill sister returns work fiancé brian tried kill girlfriend refuses believe sent husband paul prison spite evidence season adapted novel dreaming writers decided follow second novel devoted second season filming episode began los_angeles california marking permanent miami florida takes place small crew flew miami film short pieces integrated alive episodes bulk filming took place million viewers showtime series attract million viewers season premiere episode received positive reviews plot weeks murdering brother brian ice followed suspicious sgt satisfy urge kill trying act normal goes bowling nightly workers finally left gives takes night pursues blind priest jimmy finds uneasy ultimately unable kill man lets homicide scene victim mother pleads kill son murderer gang lord little sees woman young daughter reminded boy having witnessed mother brutal death leads believe bowling night instead brings jimmy killing room wakes middle procedure manages break tape escape staying apartment exercising barely able sleep struggles memories brian fiancé trying kill returns work police station sgt expresses concern emotional stability determined resume normal lifestyle takes bar man recognizes fiancée ice touches shoulder punches nose certain trying grab takes children paul prison insists framed dragged house police find missing shoe prove innocence tells shoe despite having found month ago later admits found shoe refuses acknowledge involved night receives paul prison learns killed altercation flashbacks episode attempts teenage feel heart pound end episode turns television apartment shows news team divers bay uncovered garbage bags containing parts mutilated victims watches heart races production season followed storyline novel dreaming series novels television based albeit additional elements altered characters writing second season said writers didn opportunity second book continue path hoped chose depart second novel devoted instead chose turn biggest card bodies discovered chart course season according executive producer decided resume second season storyline weeks season finale emotional resonance character went continue actual passage time happened added nice thing actually lack emotional resonance speaking situation beginning second season hall said think world pretty encountered brother person anticipated encountering sees accepts choice able establish pretty immediately pulled filming beginning alive marked permanent relocation production miami los_angeles episodes season shot location miami said bigger worth showtime programming chief said impossible production wise shoot miami overlap production window florida hurricane season making property insurance costly small crew flew miami hall filmed according producer lot pieces walking door car scenes know need use writers worked episode episode substituted set los_angeles location scenes filmed california reception alive brought million viewers united_states making showtime series attract million viewers season premiere additional people watched late night encore ratings percent higher series pilot percent season average episode attracted australian viewers free air broadcast united_kingdom episode drew viewers increase pilot production sound recording sound received creative arts primetime emmy award nomination category outstanding sound mixing comedy drama series hour lost sound lost episode meet kevin johnson editor alive received nomination best edited hour series eventual recipient award episode positively received writing variety called second season opening bloody winner said hall performance remains achievement ign thought episode biggest problem having follow great season called alive solid episode praised flashbacks storylines said following ridiculous private conversation bit contrived squad love flashbacks young living harry episode end wrote heart beats chest writing guide said episode exciting heart pounding fear called discovery corpses fantastic storyline commended develop ing character person instead shell appeared commented alive indication second season looks deeper characters certainly sets number plot new devices offer new developments critic stated writers solid job setting table season | It's Alive! (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
25306_LoveAmericanStyle(Dexter) | love american style love american style fifth episode season american television drama series aired october showtime united_states episode written directed episode hunts human murderer sister attempts extract information security guard limbs ice truck killer episode written cable finished writing script weeks early filming took place numerous locations miami florida los_angeles california scenes filmed florida shot july california shot later love american style received generally positive reviews critics watched million people broadcast cbs eighteen months showtime premiere plot called crime scene abandoned hospital night ice left security guard table kill instead reported crime scene hospitalized killer hand leg sgt question wakes hospital unimpressed ways information suggestion help remember encounter killer confronts attitude agrees remembers killer throat return crime scene find expert finds partial girlfriend upset worker learns fiancé cuba illegally help missing asks look problem police connections finds list subjects past police case investigates salvage yard owner fiancé dead beach discovers murdering smuggled immigrants pay freedom leads trailer salvage yard prepares kill wife arrives realizes couple working decides kill trailer killing bodies ocean cuban prisoners noticing person watching trunk car yard flashbacks teenage learns fake joy romantic date girl father harry production love american style written directed episode series written premium network having years experience writing free air commercial networks typically episodes season schedule finished writing script weeks preparation said time think storytelling wonderful filming took place los_angeles miami scenes filmed miami shot july los_angeles shot later scenes beach talks fiancé body filmed florida north miami waterfront house florida stood home abandoned hospital police find filmed childhood home filmed house residential neighborhood california house filmed scenes salvage yard filmed california trailer commits double murder brought salvage yard filming externally assembled studio sound stage shooting scenes inside trailer reception love american style attracted million viewers broadcast cbs march months original broadcast showtime ign felt episode multiple storylines satisfying scene prepares kill terrific praised storyline wrote bit disappointing bit quickly end writing guide said episode cable history finest episode date pleased character development downright stylish cinematography thought final passionate words believed episode takes series dimensional direction described episode themes compelling wrote character reached level episode squad critic praised increasing complexity relationship father flashbacks thought best thing author based initially upset episode plot interview said unhappy episode twist end referring person watching car trunk wonderful | Love American Style (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
25401_SeeingRed(Dexter) | seeing red seeing red tenth episode season american television drama series aired december showtime united_states episode written directed episode team investigate blood soaked crime scene blood analyst confronted memory traumatic incident childhood girlfriend charged assaulting husband risks losing custody children investigates ice scenes seeing red shot locations california particular attention paid cinematography filming sequence flashbacks feel like fragments memory episode received positive reviews critics particular mention scene hits husband paul head pan threats lengths order protect children plot key room delivered inside blood visit hotel find room completely covered blood sent investigate seeing blood covered room brings memory childhood age years sitting pool blood collapses runs room team blood hotel room came different bodies room set room assume victims killed blood spread room killer suggests ice victims responsible angel finds stop talking divorce trying meet new women bar meets woman recovering divorce leave speak prostitute sees room prosthetic hand painted way ice victim working ice angel decides speak boyfriend specialist unbeknownst actual ice interview realizing angel know identity later angel stabbed parking lot masked man angel manages elbow face men scare attacker minutes later earlier fallen secretly having dinner arrives flowers kiss backs away complaining cut lip suggesting angel attacker finds county sheriff paul abusive husband attacked night pressing charges assault talks lawyer tells invited paul house prove intent situation hearing revealed violated paul custody agreement making paul case stronger paul drops house return children threatens kitchen responds hitting pan paul loses consciousness drives body paul hotel frames drug abuse police paul sent prison encouragement decides dig memory avoid returns bloody hotel room memory realizes murder mother right production producers try shield child actors possible dark subject matter executive producer urged mother son friend let son audition play young filmed sitting pool blood found shot boy crying blood moment season described uncomfortable watch know real know kids actors camera angle filming scenes feel like fragments memory tight close ups indistinct background don details environment series director found flashbacks incredible thought like movie scenes episode filmed september crew people california marina hotel setting paul house house reception episode received positive reviews critics ign reviewed seeing red warmly gave episode outstanding rating thought scene hits paul jaw dropping intense scenes liked angel separate subplot linked main plotline episode noted fascinating dynamic sensing interesting sexual developing guide felt seeing red proved episode constant improvement enjoyed manipulation found solution paul threats perfect wrote awe episode particularly impressed choice frame paul kill minor storyline involving betrayal superior | Seeing Red (Dexter) | Media and drama | Television | Dexter |
5826_Jenny(DoctorWho) | doctor portrayed fictional character long running british science fiction television series doctor appeared episode doctor daughter originally broadcast daughter series protagonist doctor product altered dna extracted tissue sample hand introduced writer real life daughter actor portrayed doctor fifth incarnation cast auditioning minor episode wasp series producers following broadcast doctor daughter character generally received reviewers return franchise expressed interest possibility appearance doctor time travelling tardis drawn planet dna human soldiers planet device instantly creates fully grown educated new person doctor recognises daughter born fighter combat skills tactics automatically programmed initially odds doctor learning hearts connected near extinct race begins pattern behaviour father named doctor companion generated initially received doctor reminds loss previous family eventually aboard crew companion peace appears restored planet factions shot apparently killed doctor dying form arms visibly distraught revive wound episode closing scenes doctor leaves takes small spaceship takes unknown explorer like father accompanying doctor confidential episode portrays doctor refers member race closely akin episode doctor says echo time lord sum knowledge code shared history shared suffering later accepts daughter saying going great going amazing death shown journey end doctor recalls died helping know revived characterisation character creation established doctor doctor family incarnation having travelled granddaughter susan fact seldom referenced executive producer stated discussing creation doctor newest family member current series twice little mentions said rose tardis fear father obviously story natural biological daughter argue brings face face creation character series producer explained came desire pushing david taking new directions challenging suddenly find member family kind biggest challenges agreed giving character daughter interesting emotional dramatic place character episode writer spoken manner creating allowed aspects doctor past life don discuss previous family lost time war suggested character lives episode conclusion casting cast previously auditioned smaller role doctor episode wasp revealed soon saw realised bigger better later series georgia waited time right coverage casting focused fact daughter played doctor fifth incarnation radio_times stated doctor daughter playing doctor daughter described filmed segment time crash fifth doctor briefly returned meet tenth doctor father called inform right discussing casting actors relayed amusement character line hello dad describing daughter playing doctor daughter kind surreal denied involved casting process explaining got bat love doctor certainly going praised character episode appeared asserting write ideal episode doctor script expressed desire return role calling producers bring characteristics course episode doctor daughter character undergoes marked change explained starts particularly end learned lot experiences doctor proud initially portrayed action hero character described series producer warrior born fight born use weapons born kick feet episode writer kind manufactured soldier kinda pre programming aggression war shortly creation episode character explains born knowing fight die learning doctor begins adapt ideology explained character begins like doctor like time lord describing episode journey course learns use fighting skills right way developing morals grows personal level executive producer discussed doctor initial reluctance accept daughter explaining awful daughter wouldn soldier got military downloaded brain fight wants fight important thing thinks killing fine asserts character develops actually reason warm begins recognise elements strong concluding character development course episode end realised want little bit like admire reception den geek suggested creation daughter character doctor designed lay rest decades long speculation doctor day female form describes act reviving character end episode pretty cheap trick asserts big surprise career choice conclusion doctor daughter wow appearance superb doctor producer hailed introduction doctor daughter best pre title sequences despite reviewing episode doctor daughter poorly digital_spy argues deserved stronger narrative context debut portrayed character right spirit arrogance compassion time lord writing sfx somewhat critical character stating given time know suspect death affecting stage similarly critical character conception writing admit feeling cheated isn real thing bit techno doctor don buy bond springs doctor given quickly genetically engineered soldier military tactics skills programmed knows gun doctor horror care isn daughter anderson wright times andrew speculate character likely return series future anderson assessing episode ending left vast scope return character spin obvious credentials real life dad certainly young attractive athletic cross barriers viewer demographics adds spin comic books shall surprised artist comic series felt character homage influential character returned favour modelling outfit season outfit doctor daughter | Jenny (Doctor Who) | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
6567_JackHarkness | captain fictional character played doctor spin series character appears doctor episode child subsequently features remaining episodes series companion series protagonist doctor subsequent jack central character adult themed aired reprised role guest appearances doctor series series special end time contrast doctor jack conventional action hero capable acts doctor view noble programme narrative jack begins time traveller con man 51st century comes travel ninth doctor companion rose consequence death resurrection doctor finale jack immortal stranded 19th century earth member british organization dedicated alien threats spends century waiting reunite doctor time leader eventually reunites tenth doctor david appearances doctor aspects character backstory prior meeting doctor decades living earth gradually revealed lesser extent doctor use flashback scenes dialogue jack openly non character history televised doctor popularity character multiple audiences directly influenced development spin series character figure british public consciousness rapidly gaining fame ongoing depiction mainstream british television character role model young gay bisexual people jack featured doctor books action figures created likeness appearances television appeared doctor episode child continuation doctor dances rose companion ninth doctor meets blitz posing american royal_air_force jack actually time agent 51st century left agency losing years memory working con man jack responsible releasing plague london doctor plague jack taking bomb ship doctor rose rescue moments explodes subsequently travels doctor rose doctor time traveling spacecraft tardis time doctor jack matures hero final appearance sacrifices fighting evil alien rose brings life power time vortex power leaves doesn remember doctor subsequently leave jack satellite returned character spin series member cardiff based alien threats monitoring rift runs cardiff jack introduced changed man reluctantly immortal having spent years earth waiting reunite doctor jack recruits gwen cooper eve team experts discovers hints romantic feelings gwen boyfriend jack enters sexual relationship team general david lloyd despite having worked time present day colleagues know little course series discover die jack prisoner war torture series finale end days jack returns tardis immediately leads doctor episode joins tenth doctor david companion martha jack explains returned satellite present day traveling vortex lived 20th century waiting doctor series finale having spent year alternate timeline enslaved master jack return team cardiff departing jack speculates youth implicit suggestion day mysterious face recurring character voiced second series jack returns lighter attitude finds team continued working absence learn past especially meeting partner captain episode adam explores jack childhood revealing flashback sequences father franklin died young jack lost younger brother gray alien invasion flashbacks series penultimate episode fragments depict jack capture late 19th century initially prisoner jack freelance agent organization eventually leader midnight january series finale features return captain john jack brother gray lifetime torture aliens want revenge jack jack manages repair friendship captain john degree forced place brother gray kills teammates owen burn jack subsequently appears alongside casts crossover finale doctor series stolen earth journey end jack summoned companions doctor assist defeating mad scientist creation jack parts company doctor having helped save universe destruction series serial entitled children earth aliens known announce coming earth civil servant orders destruction cover conspiracy british government authorized jack sacrifice children shown flashbacks jack blown apart explosion incomplete pile body parts gwen escape later rescue jack concrete grave jack daughter alice grandson bear taken custody assassins demand percent world children handed children jack refuses time release fatal virus dies jack arms create signal destroy jack sacrifices months later having lost lover grandson daughter bids farewell gwen transported aboard alien ship leave earth parts unknown closing scenes doctor special end time critically injured doctor gives companion farewell impending regeneration finding jack exotic alien bar leaves note containing crew member sitting jack left proceed fourth series miracle day american production sees jack return earth investigate phenomenon humans longer die jack discovers mortal investigating connection called miracle cia agent renditions jack gwen america joins team cia colleague conspirators cia jack investigations miracle repeatedly turn dead ends indicating decades old conspiracy manipulate global economy political institutions unknown purposes flashbacks immortal sins depict jack relationship italian thief late 1920s new_york_city ending heartbreak jack killed tortured repeatedly local community present day granddaughter olivia explains descendants local businessmen wished purchase jack powers families responsible miracle jack blood conjunction blessing gathering team ultimately track families blessing revealed geological formation connected earth field running shanghai buenos_aires team divide attempting reach access points end miracle blood line jack gwen kill mortal blood reset human field gwen kills bullet chest jack blood safe allows blessing drain buenos_aires survives field restored jack funeral discover acquired self healing abilities like jack literature jack features bbc books new series adventures doctor novels strain dreams human novels place episodes series doctor dreams jack refers famous figure home era producers series possibility jack connection mid way production series wave novels life border princes published january set episodes series novels twilight streets water published march set concurrently airing second series twilight streets suggests jack freelance agent 1940s disagreed methods persuaded love boyfriend novel explained events doctor episode boom town set cardiff jack placed activity create involving past self trace memory similarly depicts jack freelance agent living working late 1960s pack animals perfect october second series adventures apart perfect set series finale exit wounds silence bay dead house similarly set second series house focuses partly jack life undertaker gift consequences october likewise set exit wounds children earth published january monthly began occasionally including comic strips jack appears comic written sister captain jack expands captain jack characterisation comments agreed tell story showed jack history hadn explored media wanted fans original jack ran rift war storyline april december comic later collected rift war graphic novel published second series companion book written gives insider look life jack team book collects publishes material appeared website seasons provides new material rough dates things like jack marriage relayed book fictional narrator book composed fictitious archive notes personnel forms photographs newspaper staff offers revelations character later confirmed television series example archives mention jack lover mentioned similar vein real world perspective expands fact figure jack world online media series website located recounted adventures captain jack alternate reality game electronic literature form fictional intercepted newspaper confidential letters conversations members crew written series website sheds light jack backstory years worked second series second interactive online game devised scripted series writer website contained information jack unseen adventures captain blog section jack accounts events episode collects online literature series form including captain blog section website series doctor bbc website included section called captain jack featuring weekly videos narrated character captain jack giving secret facts collected doctor monsters christmas special monster file features new footage jack edition added following airing doctor christmas day monster files mock documentary format additional twist history fiction captain jack narrates story tradition contemporary historical documentary fires commentary moves reality episode away explosion human experience story series onwards monster files instead presented jack appears web based motion comic series web lies ties miracle day story depicts series set adventure jack kidnapped unknown pursued gwen investigations woman named holly voice establish jack kidnapped families acquire entire blood destroys audio drama addition paperback novels jack appears audio books hidden written narrated says hello written narrated released february shadows narrated released september written narrated released september wrote drama lost souls aired summer afternoon play featuring voices set events series jack team international adventure geneva special celebration large switched special radio episode plot focuses large activation scenario predicted team mourning owen recent deaths july aired audio dramas afternoon play slot gap series golden age introduced jack lover eleanor leader jack closed dead line features girlfriend jack audio drama series lost files released tie miracle day devil submission set period previous audio dramas house dead reveals final act set months death jack visited contact unaware dead jack final goodbye tell love time jack attempts return land living alongside stays close cardiff rift forever jack device granted licence produce series audio plays beginning conspiracy september series monthly releases january signed reprise role jack central role conspiracy leader team characterisation concept creation naming character executive producer head writer drew inspiration marvel comics character character surname davies previously naming lead characters grand davies states names tyler smith harper jones allows grip character blank page jack original appearances doctor conceived intention forming character arc jack transformed hero consciously minded portrayal character following arc character debut episode leave morality ambiguous publicity materials asking force good ill actor key factor conception captain jack says time initial casting davies executive producer explained basically wrote character john davies singled meeting tried character native scottish accent normal american accent english accent davies decided bigger american accent recounts davies having searching actor idol quality telling britain number television critics compared performances captain jack hollywood actor character introduction served secondary hero rival series protagonist doctor simultaneously paralleling doctor detached alien nature jack humanity heart describes character initial appearance rogue time agent defines kind space cia alludes moral ambiguity having past knowing good bad memory erased writer notes similarities found jack angel heroic vampire america angel pointed alley fights knowledge paranormal unwanted task defending helpless characters jack compared title character america warrior princess featured lesbian close friend writing american gay men website notes complex characters haunted past furthermore like jack gay worst nightmare weapon wielding ass kicking superhero way awesome fight scenes academic article refers jack captain scarlet figure comparative contrast doctor jack inclined violent means reach similar ends website refers jack role doctor continuing began continued later classic series female companions exploited entertainment predominantly male audiences producers reverse dynamic jack citing equal need modern audiences look good looking men linked larger number women watching key factor jack bisexual televised doctor character openly jack appearance doctor suggests jack orientation common 51st century deal multiple alien species sexually flexible doctor narrative jack sexual orientation specifically labelled issue creating jack davies comments thought time introduce properly mainstream television focus making jack fun opposed negative davies expresses didn character bisexual principle interesting narrative point view related labels frequently applied character writer suggests questions sexual orientation enter jack mind comments felt right james bond future bed character refers sexual orientation classifications interview chicago_tribune explained bisexual realm characters sex aliens human form sex male male women women sorts combinations term universe novel house comments woman remark jack prefers term costume doctor appearances jack set costume established continual look jack recalled doctor appearance design described iconic piece sci culture writer wired attributes jack appeal coat think lots coat wears coats cool like bow ties difference captain jack doesn tell coat cool fact essay desire attributes popularity character costume credits helping fashion character argues jack costume creates discourse costume drama cinema flows jack initial appearances doctor russell davies held half hearted theory jack dress specific time period contrast doctor dresses goes introduced wearing world war set episodes changes modern day jeans contemporary episode boom town black leather futuristic episodes davies admits bit lame idea decided jack looked better world war outfit pilot onwards wears period military clothes second world war including officer wool appearance costume designer commented interview wanted world war hero look outfits 1940s flavour character expected running lot redesigned captain doctor fluid jack costumes loosely wartime based trousers getting styled suit figure explains actually captain jack coats hero version scenes pre fabric running coat slightly shorter prevent heels getting caught stunt coats hero coats series davies feels military uniform idea character likes captain identity describes coat epic classic dramatic director believes gives jack sweep presence miracle day davies commissioned new costume designer previously costume designer create new design partially motivated warmer climate shooting wales necessitated fit warmer clothing new coat custom italian designers actually blend wool previous cotton says wanted modern fit leave cape like felt prepared job coat prior work captain kind iconic captain coats importance staying loyal fans expect need journalist commented new coat greatly improved redesign gives coat kind movement jack brings adventure development character described charming good looking utterly clever bit action man doctor jack personality relatively light hearted changes series darker character series jack shaped ongoing search doctor role leader predominantly occasionally muse religion man desire die returning doctor series jack indicates maintains outlook second series jack light hearted character appearances doctor reunited doctor series audience sees jack darker secrets jack pressures drama trauma carrying shoulders comments jack relation scholar 4th baron hero fiction jack immortal comes dead porter argues jack literally physical death aspect criteria hero jack instead symbolic deaths instance scene porter observes camera angles emphasise jack profile solitary man atop hill cardiff departing scene going away good backdrop city long protected hints death captain jack persona porter words immortal captain dies hill wales conclusion epic miniseries epic traditionally genre heroism american political blog states jack certainly characterised hero tragic figure streak melancholy heroic misunderstood bold importantly sexuality single aspect complex flawed character examines ways jack hero character physically identifies jack dark haired handsome masculine physique intelligent aware point superiority complex demands loyalty guilty secrets past self sacrificing davis lists jack alongside angel highly consequence sides jack shown media commentator feels jack pivotal place development change modern science fiction heroes character unexpected popularity multitude audiences later shape appearances traditional action hero positive role model younger viewers remarks beauty captain jack reasons think actor landed feet popular audience doctor moral ambiguity instances jack displays killing person species doctor allows jack character act ways lead character remarks things doctor won fight jack kill doctor way knows lets jack jack companion hero flashback series shows captain jack sacrificing children aliens order save millions lives davies feels series tale retribution redemption captain jack experiences maximum damage lover killed davies chose die jack damaged sacrifice grandson order destroy aliens reuniting doctor series doctor verbally warned don dare pointing gun contemplating snapping master neck witnessing murder colleague owen jack shoots killer forehead killing act swift revenge whilst doctor jack joining organisation aggressive jack maintains reformed institute doctor image jack initially critical moral 19th century actor describes 19th century ruthless evil jack doctor jack perspective widened experiences planets times organisation able grow academic article compares american drama series jack attitudes largely jack explores complexity negotiating differing cultural values beliefs moral codes framework established doctor value life support democratic principles protect protect consequently world depicted united_states world porter finds like jack saves world similarly morally grey means sleeper agent sleeper order attack science fiction heroes porter argues grown time jack represents culmination trend resulting traditional hero jack sacrifice grandson save world concerned storyline character unpopular believes jack given tough decision save humanity actor says read stuff look point view right jack actions serial morally grey heroes audiences view light actions villainous downright monstrous jack ultimately saves majority world children finds way foil monstrous situation placed forces morally difficult viewers decision porter argues mark grey hero davies stated interview sfx loved reaction jack actions defending character saying saved single child world fail monster frankly extraordinary treatment science fiction heroes jack departing earth music playing titled redemption signifying departure act serial face referred scene time lords promoting theory jack day recurring character face large mysterious head glass case consequence slow aging face appeared episode end world appearing fully times maintaining presence end series described excited extent jumped screaming read jack line face remarking probably moment shooting series face originally line script end world creating character expensive face nearly discarded replaced special effects designer loved idea pushed sure character lived davies loved design surprise character written future episodes pivotal series spin novel dreams captain jack makes reference face famous figure davies conceived idea characters connected midway production series states fans ask jack face tells believes states davies hold true little world link unconfirmed text jack face feels answer doesn matter intentionally mysterious likes characters connected means spite doctor initially treats jack doctor returns advice information feels wonderful twist events davies doesn like making jack face explicit stating moment true false joke dies refused publication spin novels comic books tried definitively link relationship miracle day jack mortal critics approached davies implications jack potential future face stated open ended rules science fiction genre meant jack face miracle day contrast davies keen emphasise possibility jack face remained possibility remained jack survive miracle day adding know love killing people relationships doctor magazine interview described jack love explained don think settle let know jack play series premiere sees jack ask date finding gwen engaged david lloyd opined interview comic con fan questions jack relationship brought jack helped ground said interview brings human jack brings actually fallen cares somebody makes warm people makes interview david lloyd said relationship character think care heart feels jack relationship sided feel relationship committed dancing gwen borrowed walker believes jack appears relationship recreational activity considers obvious jack eyes thoughts gwen novel house includes scene gwen knows jack relationship means novel refers jack boyfriend jack radio play dead line prior jack insists time jack relationship developing dies fans felt cheated seeing relationship develop davies explains intention tragedy loss potential stating hoped dramatic purposes story davies explains death necessary jack damaged sacrifice grandson feels lack resolution love story tragedy feels demise intended watershed moment jack loses effectiveness hero time jack loses focus gives months jack flees earth role expected hero fans displeased death scene end relationship accused writers deliberately subsequent death end time doctor sets jack new romantic interest fans felt cheated character death disliked development compared situation fans reaction willow relationship kennedy seventh season following death sixth makes post death appearance audio drama house dead encountering spirit haunted location wales jack permitted final goodbye life jack wishes swept cardiff rift closes attempt suicide tricks jack leaving despite possibility resurrection forced forever closing rift couple declare love time gwen states scenes gwen brings little bit soul jack following recruitment interview plays gwen describes relationship jack gwen love jack gwen real thing going wait series suggest possibility romantic sexual tension jack gwen working relationship drawing firing range sequence series episode ghost machine key example scene jack discovers gwen engaged kiss kiss series opener jack attracted gwen warmth sense justice lack glamour whilst explains gwen attraction jack stating woman world probably hard describes jack compelling acts gwen private desires outrageous flirting suggests jack unlike mature occupy role steady prince gwen whilst feels jack settle commit completely act feelings gwen let people afford david lloyd played feels jack different sorts love going jack feels gwen different ways helped emotionally isolated feels reason jack leaves earth conclusion gwen jack intense stand look wake death gwen hopes reason jack stay earth jack ready hero worship feels press release series states jack brought earth love gwen turn feels jack misses exciting life led whilst miracle day lead writer states response question posed hates idea romantic tension gwen jack executive producer answers stating love course believes series gwen jack love hate love relationship resembling different ways sibling relationship marital relationship strongest friendship episode seven miracle day features scene jack threatens gwen violence states killed save daughter writer explains characters different needs means inevitably clash like steel blades den geek praises dynamic gwen jack series describing terrific double act states near best working tandem discussing character find asserts jack likes everybody love person different believes jack harbour romantic feelings doctor let doctor know claims jack fellow companion willingness describes jack love owen stating guiding devastating lose second series introduced jack lover captain john head writer introduced john act proper nemesis somebody test jack push reveal jack character use captain john literary foil comments way jack gone probably little jack experiences doctor conscious decision away behaviour academic publication discuss jack role post gay romantic hero noting central gay themes comment character captain jack able discussing jack brief romance namesake real captain jack academic critics noted captain share similar physical appearance situation time travel device points self fascination old cliché homosexuality love relationships described alluded television series media include eleanor unnamed wife describing patterns relationships series davis draw conclusion captain jack desires men women long term love affairs onscreen kisses men past present davies writing bisexual character commenting trap fall bisexual men having sleep men commenting attitude calls continue remark character definitions sexuality sort classification based sexual orientation comment particular episodes gay time travel romance episode captain relevance time travelling tackle question forbidden gay attraction post television understanding texts captain jack explicitly brings fore come expect viewers work fans expressed fear fourth series mean longer portray jack davies assured jack interests men women honoured critical reception impact following character initial introduction revived series doctor character incredibly popular fans extent created spin series primarily centred character times described success character having propelled actor national treasure status role captain jack nominated bafta awards children earth choice awards actor listed number squad mysterious characters television tenth doctor listed number gay ranked independent sunday pink list list influential gay people britain independent commenting proof popularity came continued runaway success bisexual captain jack sex appeal heroism sexual appetite anticipation character return doctor series successful run series mainstream media hailed return captain jack gone figure british public consciousness attracted parody parodies frequently echo criticisms character portrayal character parodied times satirical television dead played fun apparent melodramatic personality sketch walks camera kissing policeman passes sketch seen having race doctor satirical technology columnist wrote parody season style radio play called parody described captain jack pretty immortal carbon dioxide wooden horse provoked criticism character daily_mirror review children earth said unlike doctor endless appearances friendly like tonight night kids right dream exposed captain jack intriguing alien twice irritating unlike actor good television journalist review criticised focus acting course man mystery tell thinking looking face matter hard tries character extends outside halloween episode series american drama character dresses captain jack refers time travelling bisexual jack represents new character writers begun draw example comic book writer reflects writing marvel comics character degree key personality captain enthusiastic sexually curious pulse variety tonight night broadcast specially written humorous doctor scene scripted scene appears initially captain jack confronting alien board tardis claims doctor appears revealed playing captain jack tardis set action figures created actor likeness says longtime dream media jack described openly gay companion bisexual jack largely mainstream representation bisexual man science fiction television sexual identity matter fact issue jack orientation regarded doctor embodies political statement changing societal views homosexuality distinct flexibility jack sexuality contributed directly character popularity public interest jack sexuality broke new grounds labels applied character occasion parting ways jack kissed rose doctor lips sex kiss history program despite lesbian gay bisexual character series run little character controversy time jack introduction tries link jack popularity portrayal noting think audiences jack honest finally character doesn care think bit refreshing presence character prime time television sparked discussion nature number outlets normally dismissed overlooked cites jack positive role model gay bisexual teenagers little present audience years gone subsequently leading greater culture tolerance writes word actually jack positive clearly bisexual characters british television point jack retains elements bisexual particularly flamboyant jack cited america contrast portrayals non characters mainstream television producer revival said use jack role model absolutely use role model love everybody readers voted jack tenth best gay bisexual television character time poll ultimately won character north american version folk developed british series created website praised jack bisexual characters list having tough tender sides personality seen episode captain science fiction characters jack topped characters beating spot commenting jack representation post gay approach sexual themes awarding cultural significance visibility awards jack won award favourite character website commented unlike virtually sci character lead supporting captain jack openly bisexual ironically small change served help science fiction genre long ultimate straight men accessible people straight women enjoy alternate sexuality award won won jack best couple editor commented revolutionary producers dare openly bisexual case characters setting sci presents bisexual characters matter fact way ing ing ing good old fashioned romance adventure | Jack Harkness | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
9305_TheSarahJaneAdventures | british science fiction television programme produced bbc wales created starring programme spin long running bbc science fiction programme doctor aimed younger audience doctor focuses adventures investigative journalist young woman numerous adventures time space series debuted bbc minute special invasion january broadcast nominated drama category bafta children drama category programme won award series series minute episodes began september series consisted stories second series comprising stories began airing september series comprising stories total episodes serving executive producer aired october november fourth series aired october episode spin series shown immediately episodes stories filming planned fifth series completed prior death april media including sun reported early production series continue bbc stated explicitly episodes filmed fifth series broadcast starting october finished weeks later october background development children bbc expressed interest producing doctor spin initial idea drama based idea young doctor vetoed idea fourteen year old doctor sonic takes away mystery intrigue came said davies suggested instead series based doctor companion character played appeared doctor alongside doctor later fourth doctor pilot episode doctor spin series featured robot dog series commissioned returned doctor media times years notably 20th anniversary special doctors episodes stolen earth end time frequently voted popular doctor companion doctor fans members general public prospect new television series focusing rumoured sun march prior airing school reunion report time suggested appear series fact series developed confirmed bbc house newsletter early august early rumours associated working title appearances series cameo special appearance episode series concurrent development independently produced children series features version indirect doctor robot appeared cast sketch comic relief appeared episodes series followed appearances fourth series appear series production production series began april stories scripted special writer bad girls writer wrote stories wrote creator executive producer going write story forced drop work commitments cast crew addition series programme stars year old neighbour west london boy named luke adopted conclusion introductory story member young entourage year old called played introduced episode proper series actress briefly played maria friend new year day special invasion created start series maria family written series story second series maria father return briefly second mark second story series day clown new regular cast members introduced parents played respectively appears series maria recently separated father maria mother played regular comedy duo armstrong miller provides voice extraterrestrial computer attic special featured villain agent series included guest cast childhood friend professor rivers returned series series series second series guest starred evil alien clown story day clown sinister secrets stars appearing second series portrayed clyde parents paul mark reprised role briefly series prominently series guest starred enemy classic doctor character sir returned episode original executive producers russell davies produced pilot worked producer series writer writing said determined big drama think children programme executive producer second series december bbc released statement replaced executive producer doctor january continue executive produce fourth series executive produced producers frequent writer series introduced new recurring character called production team remained place completed episodes series shot concurrently series abbreviated fifth final series introduced new main character named sky played episode introduced sky featured return appearance fact second half series produced left story arc ongoing plot points unresolved special edition volume published august detailed stories main cast recurring cast doctor characters including characters past current run doctor appeared numerous referenced dialogue companions doctor referenced story death doctor episode includes brief screen flashbacks showing fourth tenth doctors companion referenced separately dialogue occasions photograph character visible episode issue read email declared plans bring ace story continued episode sky originally featured eleventh doctor available episodes seen original british audience form minute new year day special titled invasion written roberts invasion pilot story contains conventional introductory elements common pilots commented exceptional broadcast situation saying slightly unusual commissioned written script written load rubbish refers invasion simply episode story focused investigation popular addictive soft drink called bubble shock series aired september year consisting half hour stories individual half hour episodes aired week bbc episodes airing week ahead children digital channel final aired november second series started september format stories instead ending series december series started october twice weekly bbc october november fourth series aired october story pair accompanied episode set minute episodes member cast updates smith database certain aliens accompanied series programme illness subsequent death april filming second half fifth series air autumn postponed later cancelled filming stories fifth series finished post production stories completed final series aired october ended tribute form video montage scenes series doctor script episode rewritten broadcast episode aliens critical response sarah generally received critics viewing public end series daily telegraph wrote debate future children bbc best despite lacking production values doctor tea time programming guardian described looking promising convincing doctor review website dvd talk called series wonderful thoughtful imaginative children entertainment highly recommended series received praise willingness tackle darker themes loss metacritic series received generally favourable score based critics series progressed reviews slightly positive dvd talk reviewer david saying second series better dvd verdict stated second series suffered poor scripts horrible acting criticising having simple plots having humour series described review site slightly predecessors described sweet fun little neat ideas heart right place reviews final series sympathetic series end incomplete nature series following death story arcs guardian said fitting tribute occupied unique place awards nominations international broadcast bbc children channel began broadcasting invasion january airing rest series sundays south african channel started airing series beginning february hong_kong channel aired doctor aired series starting february series began airing sci usa beginning april series broadcast american television summer later series continued released dvd america prior television broadcast australia started october brazil started airing november right broadcast doctor series ended screens new_zealand nickelodeon new_zealand belgium started airing arabic merchandising toys awarded licence produce play sets action figures sonic toy figure sets released star poet general released sonic watch character options discontinued range lack customer interest audio adventures released read series lead read person character final books released november death read respectively characters time commissioned new content exclusive release audio minute mini episode parts called monster hunt written read especially monster hunt game website comics released return defending road comics available free download official website comics sarah comics released official website audio comic adventures read audio track available download comics stories comic silver bullet published website comic clyde wrote episode curse clyde merchandising revived concept doctor franchise 1970s 1990s principally author script editor series second adapted way later series saw releases transition print books september published photo based stories series magazines books magazine special editions focused regular mentions standard editions home media dvd blu ray past official bbc websites sarah jane adventures series internet archive sarah jane adventures series internet archive | The Sarah Jane Adventures | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
11918_AdamMitchell(DoctorWho) | doctor fictional character british science fiction television series doctor played adam introduced series programme revival second television companion ninth doctor unlike ninth doctor primary companion provided effective human contrast doctor centuries old alien adam created provide example time traveller character introduced boy genius year attracts attention doctor traveling companion rose doctor meet place work despite rose willingness accept adam fellow traveller doctor skeptical adam attempts use information future gain throws adam time machine tardis example doctor forcing companion leave negative behaviour adam created executive producer original pitch bbc plans revive doctor channel established early series planning adam intended short term character reviewers generally reacted negatively character adam role foil stock companion figure praised alongside moral lessons departure appearances adam appears series episode young researcher employ owner museum extraterrestrial artefacts underground bunker utah adam mentions genius having successfully defense computers years old quickly forms mutual attraction doctor companion informs desire stars live manages break free slaughter way base adam finds fleeing rose end episode museum closed rose asks doctor adam tardis doctor reluctant rose convinces let adam follow tardis episode long game doctor rose adam arrive space station year adam overwhelmed culture shock tempted wealth information technology available advanced computer interface port activated click fingers installed head allows access future computer system attempts transmit information 21st century earth rose modified mobile phone villains running station attempt extract information doctor directly adam brain punishment adam breach trust doctor returns home despite pleading destroys answering machine adam mother returns home shock horror inadvertently installed forehead comic book series prisoners time released celebrate 50th anniversary adam main antagonist mother dies plans kidnap doctor companions revenge doctor preventing acquiring technology saved tracking doctors companions points lives end story adam revealed allied past version master confront eleventh doctor adam offering spare companion doctor choice killing doctor turns tables adam past aid arranging captured posing allowing escape captivity sabotage adam equipment master reveals true goal energy tardis destroy universe adam given unique chance redemption sacrifices destroy master equipment moments reconciled ninth tenth fellow companion acknowledged true companion receiving posthumous doctors fellow companions conceptual history character conceived pitch bbc story heavily based robert_shearman audio play jubilee later form base episode intention production team adam join tardis rose developed liking play role chosen role coronation street auditioned role day publicity leaving storyline coronation street reacting casting remarked couldn asked better role doctor great institution describes adam bit states character attraction rose pretty girl adam hasn seen girls long time perennial companion figure doctor generally serves remind doctor moral duty adam meant long term companion scenes book doctor inside story davies explains wanted rubbish companion adam companion couldn episode doctor confidential characterised adam little bit ambitious little bit clever good added character ends wrong tracks likes things thinking genius gets bother explaining adam downfall davies states doesn realize good situation knowledge information power davies felt adam story provided chance starting path doctor cuts ambitions short originally aspects character cut appearing screen early drafts son dvd commentary long game director actor discuss adam scripted motive bringing future medical knowledge home cure father suffering ill health motive remain final episode promote character week long game broadcast universe tie website doctor announced year old nottingham won competition arranged previous week adam winning essay want meet alien mentions desire acquire advanced knowledge explanation don think cheating reception digital_spy reacted negatively adam introduction stating didn point suggested entertaining episode featured screen mother coronation street instead disliked adam introduction describing introduction love sequence rose cute english boy irritating commented similarity adam introduction future rose end world stating clearly deliberate parallel russell scheme contrast compare reactions rose adam website reviewer observed adam comedy faint marked unsuitable traveller notes adam role long game provide satire media function condemnation stop television internet nonstop broadcasters doctor calls useless information reviewing adam appearances companion blog describes social virtue failures adam companion proves worth companions book doctor described adam somewhat annoying referred long game arrogant rose appear shallow insisting travel felt superb job conveying character flaws stated shame backstory adam motivations cut script character believable found logical flaw doctor decision drop adam possibility hands future technology radio_times reviewer gave positive overview adam describing character departure literary precision commented adam adds interesting dynamic subtly different captain worked rose ninth doctor instead threatening doctor rose relationship adam serves strengthen den geek listed character exit tardis tenth greatest companion farewell scene stating great glimpse doctor outright felt character struck spectacular fashion attempting steal future technology eventual fate example poetic justice praised concept adam story arc positioning departure seventh depressing exit companion doctor history felt companion davies ideas executive producer series adam human flaws readers radio_times voted adam 45th popular companion viable options | Adam Mitchell (Doctor Who) | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
13989_RoseTyler | fictional character portrayed british science fiction television series doctor created series producer revival doctor rose introduced new travelling companion series protagonist doctor ninth tenth incarnations companion character intended act audience key series introduce new viewers doctor aired regularly received billing alongside duration time regular cast member regular series series later returned episodes programme fourth series appeared feature length specials series narrative rose introduced eponymous series premiere year old working class shop assistant london alongside supporting cast form mother boyfriend course series rose human actions responses contrast doctor alien perspectives rose grows increasingly doctor comes realise fallen love comes value depend sacrifices ninth incarnation rose forms similar bond new doctor appear forever separated series finale rose temporary return fourth series gives relationship doctor resolution promoting series stressed rose heroic characteristics whilst davies highlighted earth qualities critical reaction noted character developed independent equal doctor previous companions whilst character overall role narrative series praised reaction character return mixed won numerous awards portrayal rose including initial role series ranked highly numerous best companion polls leaving series regular experienced success high profile roles actress partly attributed performances doctor appearances television rose introduced eponymous premiere episode series saved attack mysterious alien time lord known doctor assists preventing invasion earth subsequently doctor invites rose travelling companion taking end world giving remain contact mother boyfriend travels time space rose learns importance history attempts save life father died baby journeys doctor haunted mysterious recurring words bad wolf rose doctor new companion captain jack come understand meaning phrase encounter army evil alien space station satellite return doctor sends home earth series finale parting ways rose tears open console doctor time machine tardis power time vortex returning uses power infinity time space spread words bad wolf entirety saving universe invasion rose jack died fire destroys fleet doctor drains energy kissing save life harmful effects rose horrified doctor appears die new man proceeds tardis terrified rose earth abandoning jack satellite new doctor rose arrive earth christmas day passes strain regeneration midst invasion christmas special christmas invasion having saved earth doctor enjoys christmas dinner rose depart parts unknown second series rose doctor grow increasingly close defeating queen_victoria threats empire whilst setting aims track doctor aliens relationship proves source tension joins pair travels suggestion doctor companion whilst stranded parallel universe rose meets rich entrepreneur version father died decides stay world battle seek convert humans ranks longer wants feel like spare doctor rose faces mythical beast rose soon die battle day comes present day director tracy ann accidentally allows army cult rose reality begin war sealing void came rose transported parallel universe pete save pulled void rose trapped parallel universe alternate universe pete walls seal later declared dead universe months later doctor able transmit rose goodbye message reveals works universe confesses love reply connection lost spin series audience learns rose act jack cursed unable die absence doctor proves point contention doctor series companion martha martha protects doctor living human memories rose dreams doctor reunited fourth series rose mysteriously begins appear doctor life seen later silent video messages doctor fails notice time beetle creates alternate universe meets doctor doctor dies rose travels parallel world world working alongside organisation unit send time younger self turn left junction right rose tells words doctor bad wolf doctor concludes sign universe reality threat later midst plot existence rose doctor companions martha jack stand army midst battle human doctor created destroys doctor returns rose parallel universe human counterpart rose challenges doctor words previous farewell doctor answer human counterpart ear rose kisses doctor leaving rose human counterpart closing scenes prior regeneration doctor travels rose housing estate minutes speaks shadows asking year tells january 1st doctor promises great year returned 50th anniversary episode day doctor interface weapon mass destruction known moment war doctor intends end raging time war moment destroy rose image chosen future significance doctor moment attempts persuade seek alternative course action showing decision affect future literature rose featured doctor new series adventures novels expand characterisation novels clockwise man monsters inside published feature solely ninth doctor rose monsters inside depicts rose visit alien planet travels previously having confined earth space stations rose mentions visit planet series television episode boom town aired june second batch ninth doctor novels comprising strain human dreams released september expand doctor rose travels novel human mentions rose engaged previous love interest involved events boom town addressed dreams complains rose alert recent visit modern day cardiff novels feature rose tenth doctor stone rose feast drowned resurrection released april coincide broadcast second television series explores context rose shifting relationship light frequent earth relationship school friend explored rose irritated find involved absence new series adventures novels feature rose nightmare art destruction price paradise published september addition regular range novels rose featured doctor quick reads initiative doctor deal human hybrid doctor annual published august gives biographical information rose article written programme chief writer executive producer including middle information mother school life character appears short stories featured doctor addition issue series sanctioned companion magazine additionally featured comic book sequences feature children magazines doctor adventures doctor battles time doctor magazine comic strip green eyed monster rose possessed creature feeds jealousy order jealousy defeat creature tenth doctor romance rose mother sets group actors pose beautiful character appears panel second story future development casting lead writer executive producer chose rose considered good luck charm character bob rose desire essentially british justification considered rose british world feminine recent trend female companions having names ace davies frequently uses surname tyler work previous characters created surname include revelations folk second coming affection surname spelled pronounced casting announced bbc head drama bbc wales commented pop star fits bill perfectly unique dynamic partner whilst fans including representative enthusiastic announcement felt publicity stunt casting questioned acting credentials factors influenced acceptance role able relate character rose experiences teenager british media regularly released conflicting reports long staying programme march claimed continue doctor series bbc announced june depart final episode second series decision leave taken year previously remained secret news departure public following rose star spin series earth defence set parallel universe air bank holiday special davies deemed concept spin far eventual return series planned filming second series january pact promising return film episodes davies cited commitment projects specifically roles secret diary girl lead character bbc adaptations quartet itv adaptation explanations departure appearing permanent davies successor executive producer praised creation casting character advance series 50th anniversary stated character rose helped secure return allowing audience naturally watched doctor invested suggested years revival doctor given iconic status doctor companions characterisation rose davies introduction shows fantasy elements later similarities rose gwen cooper leading lady created describing ordinary person extraordinary finds equal like successor martha rose london makes assumption characters capital country british people seen neutral rose introduced alongside supporting cast form boyfriend mother cites evidence davies attempt create social context companion davies states inclusion characters desire real life later stated giving rose mother boyfriend sad story father character mythology match doctor observes rose like companions davies era doctor drawn cosmopolitan vision case class background contends whilst working class companions featured previously workers unemployed like rose looking characters davies felt holding rose right episode suggestions daughter content employment states causes rose somewhat loves felt rose resemble type albeit scale waiting awakened adventure stated start series rose looking happen doctor arrives ruthless decision completely drop life knows media preview series characterised rose positive ambitious conviction confidence felt additionally rose good character relate retrospective time doctor stated rose feminine characteristics contributed balanced representation female character felt rose character strong vulnerable ventured emotional response interesting female character perfection played ninth doctor described character heroine teaches doctor huge emotional lessons episode doctor confidential expanded describing doctor equal way fact lacks scientific knowledge felt relationship characters love sight mysterious fashion conventional love affair davies summarised relationship characters soul mates understand complement book heroes shades gray 21st century television observed rose role doctor makes alien characters audience series finale rose takes deadly energies save doctor planet earth script editor felt episode gave rose chance doctor equal finally match gesture noble strong heroic clever davies describes rose context scene series brave loyal universe doctor loyalty sacrificing ninth incarnation turn save davies states gives life elements rose characterisation series originally different scheduled write episode revealed rose entire life manipulated doctor order mould ideal companion davies wrote episode boom town replace realised busy work script tenth doctor interview sfx producer stated doctor initial dynamic changes rose learn trust added doctor rose consequently feels isolated like lost best friend doctor absence rose relies observations tries mimic actions felt important resolve pair end christmas special public responded rose doctor friendship previously davies scripted dialogue christmas invasion explaining newly doctor estuary english accent stating rose adopted way speaking time constraints sequence filmed discussing rose developed second series described having come leaps bounds stated lot felt different kind energy rose tenth doctor whilst remarked audience doctor companion relationship developing maybe hasn stated tenth doctor rose feels like lost doesn want lose cited rose companion school reunion evidence discussing possibility rose tenth doctor romantically involved stated want happen time don want happen likened dynamic pair dana_scully gillian_anderson fox_mulder david_duchovny x-files agreed expectation relationship exciting having realised add tragedy separation davies scripted series story arc rose doctor indirectly responsible separation deliberate happens doctor rose arrogance said davies pay price tooth set thing separates end sort fault davies left doctor response rose declaration love felt strongly character feelings commentary episode stated confirm world going davies created expectation rose return fourth series mentioning dialogue featuring cameo appearances partners crime poison sky midnight speaking rose character changed appearances davies described fourth series rose tougher independent times little harder stated earlier episodes remember character spoke acted felt playing birds left programme contrast rose bit rose united doctor near climax stolen earth director insisted scene appear mystical characters reunion magical moment entire episode director photography compared scene feeling 1980s science fiction film davies characterised reunion rose doctor biggest romance viewer seen joked seminal films gone wind ended shooting male lead difficulty splitting characters second time necessity plot felt rose stupid fall love doctor plot demands demand stage considered giving explanation rose dimension reality contaminated die stayed original universe final episode stay human doctor needs able love porter felt climax journey end indicated rose role sidekick completed second doctor equals appearance final story series regular leaked press seen photographed location davies intended serial end tenth doctor visiting companions struggled include rose initial idea rose appear human doctor parallel universe sense original tenth doctor davies felt raise questions lives parallel universe davies successor executive producer felt davies ended rose story perfect way choosing beginning acquaintance doctor return doctor 50th anniversary episode confirmed march wished include episode felt rebirth doctor feel comfortable adding davies story arc chose instead introduce persona episode character dialogue solely war doctor unseen characters including tenth doctor reviewers noted similarities characterisation bad wolf rose plot device christmas carol journalist atlantic likened war doctor dubbed rose ghost doctors come reception preview series guardian described rose newly empowered getting teen mould ahead series premiere australian network abc described rose role series doctor equal previous companions mean achievement acting skills seventh doctor actor opined wonderful role relationship doctor extraordinary porter suggests analysis rose romance doctor widened demographic appeal series claims love story surface adults especially women find time lords sexy watched series rose doctor book doctor described climactic kiss ninth doctor rose parting ways secretly wanted ultimately killed portrayed fifth doctor felt allowing doctor companion sexual tension ultimately allowed rounded characterization believed rose example production team creating written companion smith found pairing doctor rose episode tooth acting like noted fortunately consequences season arc gets kicked direct result doctor rose irritating stage commented eventual parting scene rose doctor beautifully written played dry eye universe smith singled performance episode special praise stating astonishing capturing reality world suddenly finally collapses remarking departure digital_spy stated energy undoubtedly reasons revival successful difficult series guardian commented departure loved rose brilliantly handled completely unexpected stephen writer reference works doctor gave unfavourable review rose return turn left guide doctor fourth series monsters thought distinctly par citing appearance new slight reasons acting finest criticised role episode stating far worked digital spy noted change compared accent having mouth local review series notes whilst having doctor rose cop divisive shows audience davies managed parties pairing human doctor instead ign reacted rose return pairing human doctor thought undermined perfect send journey end ending human time lord doctor feels like insult character reacted rose returning wrote pretty clear pet faux doctor end reviewers generally reacted positively appearance 50th anniversary episode day doctor daily_telegraph called performance bad wolf rose independent praised chemistry hurt compared performance portrayal tardis doctor wife describing slightly eccentric wall guardian praised decision extend story unite tenth doctor called true legend doctor stated wise rendition bad wolf avatar stab stealing los_angeles_times named rose ninth best sidekick time referring smart character key success russell davies doctor named best doctor companion digital_spy opined worked best alongside ninth doctor voted best companion readers online poll late conducted radio_times participants rose voted popular companion retained position poll conducted ahead doctor 50th anniversary respondents vote poll conducted participants rose voted greatest woman doctor daily_telegraph guardian rated second best female companion salmon sfx magazine listed rose original exit greatest companion departure history doctor felt impossible moved sudden relationship radio_times organized massive online million respondents poll featured companion beating main rose crowned companion champion national television awards won popular actress award role rose bbc online best drama poll won best actress category vote voted desirable star january awarded breakthrough award rising british talent won popular actress category work second series doctor september named best actress radio_times discussed importance doctor career article doctor actors expect life signing provincial sci conventions notes portrayal rose firmly cemented credentials actress cited variety roles taken leaving proof far post careers don | Rose Tyler | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
14043_DoctorWho(series5) | doctor series fifth series british science fiction television programme doctor began april eleventh hour ended big bang june series led head writer executive producer took ended involvement end time series comprises episodes wrote served executive producers served producers fifth series revival thirty began largely new production team led series production codes reset series feature eleventh incarnation doctor alien time lord travels time space tardis appears british police box outside introduces doctor new companion fiancé seven episodes travels doctor amy returns mysterious woman doctor future summons doctor twice series main story arc concerns pattern cracks universe appear episodes going unnoticed characters discovered power things existence happens causing amy forget series finale revealed cracks caused tardis exploding doctor forced reboot universe state cracks seven episodes series written penned guest writers wrote episode wrote episode story series meant stand science fiction fantasy shows production team pushed fairy tale quality believed media aimed children popular adults episodes directed directors new doctor filming started late july lasted approximately months filmed wales exception vampires venice vincent doctor scenes filmed abroad croatia design changes previous series including new logo title sequence variation theme music interior exterior tardis version doctor sonic series premiere watched million viewers highest watched premiere rose series broke records united_states bbc online overnight ratings declined compared series writer calculated viewership changed significantly time shifted ratings taken account series received generally positive reviews praise going story arc acting smith reviewers noted amy lacked character development series contain heart emotion previously series gained awards nominations vincent doctor finale nominated hugo award best dramatic presentation short form award going smith actor portraying doctor nominated bafta award win series accompanied soundtrack tie books video games released bbc website advertised additional episodes series episodes eleventh hour minutes longest opening episode date return series story hungry earth cold blood saw return time warriors deep supplemental episodes additional scenes specially filmed complete fifth series reveal occurred selected regular episodes installment set eleventh hour beast second set flesh stone vampires venice casting series introduced new incarnation doctor eleventh played followed departure tenth doctor left role help ease transition davies smith agent called suggested try role looking cast middle aged actor young run old look wise smith cast person audition production team knew man producers cautious casting smith felt year old actor play doctor adequately drama executive producer shared sentiment noted smith capable play role stated smith appear youthful smith casting role revealed episode doctor companion doctor confidential described role wonderful privilege challenge hope thrive cast doctor companion casting director suggested performance fourth series episode fires played originally thought short later stated exactly right role portrayed character differently originally wrote auditioned role natural scottish accent english cast decided amy scottish commented felt scottish accent better suited character episodes young version amy known played real life year old cousin actresses met set recommended role undergo rigorous auditions act big bang initially found weird actresses quickly played character river song fourth series episodes silence library forest dead reprised role stories time angels flesh stone opens big bang kingston expect return intended river return series appeared seven episodes fiancé companion episodes previously worked smith play entitled swimming sharks audition received scenes episode sixth fact amy boyfriend informed details character stated stood audition funny felt privileged pleased storyline notable guest stars included costumes episode eleventh doctor wears previous incarnation costume costume designer stated costume broken distressed course episode find identity pick defining costume smith tried wide variety things find look feel comfortable confident identify doctor smith brought jacket believed jacket bit old showed professor student time gave quality doctor learning authority smith suggested bow tie approve decided costume smith stated inspired second doctor costume watching tomb influences included element professor big dusty boots like men clothing store reported bow tie sales risen month april connected series began airing substantial input amy costume hair episode stated amy identity clear wore clothes later thought amy inner confidence wear clothes showed bit skin time time tried things came short skirts thought right showed amy comfortable confident look believed skirts reflected young women typically wear age executive producer noted amy 1970s flying jacket wears lot reflected born amy developed love travel adventure production crew series numbering doctor renewed fifth series september russell davies succeeded executive producer head writer replaced executive producer previously replaced head drama bbc wales serves executive producer series produced stayed composer new series doctor new series marketed series bbc television years series confirmed bbc september referred series following series august doctor magazine announced series produced marketed series january edition featured interview called series exciting series thirty awe inspiring series boring lie issue jokingly referred season series ongoing joke subsequent issues march edition referring series thirty confirmed production codes range listings dvds refer series writing changes wanted audience lost character doctor story arc cracks universe inspired crack wall son bedroom wanted sure appealed young children follow plot big pictures entertain believed doctor fundamentally children everybody loved comparing star wars toy story considered popular form entertainment children story series said pushed doctor fantasy shows vibrant interview stated worked rough idea series showrunner work event decided stay tenth doctor entailed similar premise beginning eleventh hour broadcast wrote episodes series rest penned guest writers believed doctor benefited different voices stated concepts episodes supplied pretty good idea happen episode slot knew guest writers degree called meeting creator life mars writer second series episode fear able write episode slated believe time later contacted asked write episode series rebel flesh people episode intended introduce eleventh doctor establish new identity second intended doctor need companion amy importance episode asked write episode concerning churchill versus wanted incorporate popular new series considering production team worked create big colourful similar found films 60s fourth fifth episode planned sequel episode featured angels episodes time angels flesh stone intended action oriented showed angels plan decided flesh angels villains flesh stone ends amy attempting seduce doctor believed consistent character built episode originally planned write different episode thought similar episodes series wrote vampires venice instead original episode pushed series asked write big bold romantic episode good jumping point new viewers doctor figured middle series viewer start watching romantic funny episode asked comedy writer write story challenged relationship amy doctor episode titled amy choice intended amy decision excitement doctor life scene dies false reality intended amy realised feelings wanted stress amy love boyfriend fiancé contacted write episode involving villains appeared years known monsters instructed featured intended different branch previously seen bore different design expensive facial eliminated eye previously worked comic relief special doctor curse fatal death contacted return favour write episode vincent doctor curtis idea episode long interested fact knew famous noted different approach style episode character driven written episode pushed series budget constraints replaced instead adapted comic strip writer said started scratch story inspired wishing doctor normal day human circumstances roberts enjoyment stories set earth space roberts interested television version story mentioned fan comic story immediately asked adapt episode showrunner aspects finale came planning story arc series left room story developed big bang ends wedding amy stated intended married finale left questions answered series concerning identity river song silence appeared cause tardis explode design changes series introduced new logo announced october according bbc eleventh version logo stated insignia shape tardis new logo incorporated new title sequence revealed audience outside bbc transmission eleventh hour prior press screenings previews variation previous sequence wanted new version theme tune composer wanted sound bit reckless new variation composed gold incorporated new melody played electronic faster tempo new theme angered fans bbc receiving complaints april response doctor spokesman stated arranger alterations music times change new important regeneration score retaining haunting ground breaking essence original new tardis prop featuring john ambulance logo early days peter films early 60s fan said thing wanted reason thought wanted john ambulance brighter blue like tardis new set interior tardis designed estimated times bigger previous set decide create new interior specifically new doctor brief set designer create design suit smith doctor loved old set thought time new surprise people believed spirit new era change piers said took long time design right careful futuristic looking futuristic meant doctor set designed previous tardis interior shown beginning eleventh hour time console rebuilt explosion special effects end time eleventh hour sonic destroyed new version featuring green light metal claws created smith liked prop times resulted breaking noise added post production synthesizer described changes starting clean slate sense previous cast crew left filming directors series new doctor commented wanted shake things early rid safety net directed episode fourth fifth directed episodes filming series lasted approximately months production blocks arranged follows episodes episodes produced director suggested smith adventure experience exciting laugh scream took real white ride boat filming began july beach scenes time angels flesh stone wrote typically television day filming probably fairly involve minor character getting shot close hand differed iconic scene involving doctor amy river song tardis forest scenes flesh stone filmed forest dean nights july episodes second production block scenes beast filmed night shoot september half scene opens featuring liz beast filmed scenes amy town episode eleventh hour filmed village cardiff dates autumn september october november fourth production block consisting hungry earth cold blood filmed october november location filming wales scenes cold blood filmed botanical garden november cardiff temple peace locations unusual sets city vampires venice vincent doctor filmed mainly town croatia venice paris respectively small crew venice wide shots coastal buildings episode filmed long cover modern shops present day venice scenes vampires venice filmed town hall grounds estate placement lightweight replica opens scenes opens big bang filmed days february chamber filmed set largest set built additional scenes big bang filmed hall manor amy choice partially filmed wales represent upper promotion trailer fifth series shown television released online shortly broadcast second january february new promotional image released second teaser trailer released february version shown cinemas alice wonderland officially confirmed start date april march march trailer shown press screening episode released online series united_states released extended trailer march promotional touring series began march ended days later smith presenting episode belfast touring new_york_city took place april episode screened center media broadcast fifth series doctor debuted bbc april eleventh hour extended minute episode concluded big bang june sixth episode vampires venice broadcast earliest start time episode doctor return international broadcast series shown australia abc service launching midnight april airing april began airing united_states april canada date space airing series doctor bbc america series gap airing shortened considerably new_zealand series began airing prime dvd blu ray releases june volume series released dvd blu ray format region containing episodes eleventh hour beast victory second volume series released july dvd blu ray containing episodes time angels flesh stone vampires venice amy choice hungry earth cold blood followed volume released dvd blu ray august fourth final volume containing vincent doctor opens big bang released dvd blu ray september complete collection series episodes released dvd blu ray region november released region following day november region released december contained tardis additional scenes profiles enemies monster files cut versions doctor confidential takes vision commentaries video diaries trailers series commentaries departure previous releases instead thirteen reception ratings final consolidated viewing figures showed premiere eleventh hour watched million viewers highest watched premiere rose eighth highest figure episode doctor revived episode set record average million viewers million adults aged demographic week broadcast eleventh hour received million hits bbc online service record requests week went requested episode million views doctor named watched programme year service hungry earth received lowest overnight ratings series returned million viewers terms final consolidated ratings received lowest series episodes given appreciation index measure audience enjoyed programme bbc considers score excellent victory amy choice ones come time angels scored subsequently beaten opens finale big bang scored highest series main channels day broadcast based overnight ratings series reported averaging million viewers drop million previous series managers bbc claimed overall viewing numbers declined people watched online recording den geek decided things straight figured final ratings taken account episodes series final ratings having released article published series averaged million viewers beating average episodes second series million series million episodes fourth series million reviews series received generally positive reviews critics ign gave entire series great rating saying perfect burst creative energy got bold exciting witty smart home grown event television small screen praised smith dazzling performance painted doctor thoroughly alien character development doctor critical character amy pond thought thoroughly acting abilities chemistry smith criticised character frequently painted largely dimensional strokes irritating turn series lacking heart ground elaborate sci story praised beautifully conceived story arc narrative zap2it gave series thought strongest series revival praised smith noted amy character development considered best actors television currently noted episodes took place earth wished doctor amy branch future sfx gave series stars noting looked promising tentative slightly awkward feel series similar series labelled smith magnificent lovely far amy character dictated requirements arc plot difficult feel got know review episodes guardian thought strong generally funnier appears rewritten rule said doctor epic year critical lack emotion previously amy reviewing episodes martin noted series high expectation quality previous doctor episodes caused disappointment expected dark adult versions week took fairy tale approach dialogue davies previous issues noted emotion die heavy heart amy revelation felt little note den geek gave series stars particularly praising smith doctor noted amy little series finale helped fill apparent gaps personality praised slice reviewer praised fascinating story arc series consistent gave audience answers went explored impact characters called best season new series perfect season comes closer lot daily_telegraph optimistic strength strength year called series egg strong previous years overall radio_times praised series ambitious game plan delightful fairy tale vibe adults enjoy finding stars praised episodes considered beast turkey ranked doctor 25th best saying lacked truly weak episode highlighting time angels flesh stone vincent doctor best episodes digital_spy ranked programme best commenting gave terrific episodes beautifully tragic vincent doctor wonderfully paced opener imagined finale multi colored victory overall decent start new team strong pedigree couldn help feel little criticism broadcast eleventh hour introduced amy outfit watched doctor change new costume reported viewers criticised character occupation online fitting family defended character saying thing played desire companion outspoken bit number amy probably companion doctor travelled isn defended character claiming girls amy age wore short skirts amy strong female normal girl normal bbc received complaints scene flesh stone amy attempts seduce doctor member pressure group commented scene slightly place children programme awards nominations vincent doctor opens big bang nominated hugo award best dramatic presentation short form award going fifth hugo award doctor fourth child doctor dances girl fireplace vincent doctor nominated award outstanding dramatic presentation awards lost film inception mill doctor computer generated effects team won design award work opens canada awards doctor fifth series received nominations smith nominated best male performance science fiction television episode nominated best female performance amy choice doctor nominated lost stargate universe nominated television script eleventh hour vincent doctor respectively gold winner nominated music science fiction film television production category smith nominated television division television arts awards actor portraying doctor gain bafta nomination lost work television film bafta awards won lighting category work eleventh hour nominated hair vampires venice nominated editing fiction category time angels soundtrack disc soundtrack containing tracks score series eleventh hour big bang composed released november second double album following previous release gold stated previous double album popular allowed tracks presented episode order gold said sense gigantic scope media books bbc books doctor new series adventures line range spin novels began ninth doctor television series novels released corresponding series april apollo night humans released featuring eleventh doctor amy july novels released nuclear time glamour chase king dragon featuring doctor amy science fiction writer watched doctor beginning wrote novel entitled coming novel extended pages released october september released doctor graphic novel good featuring doctor amy released brilliant book doctor guide series featured scenes information book available september video games march reported nintendo signed million contract doctor games wii games marketed nintendo brand known family oriented wii particular families played bbc certain monitor games sure contain violent doctor evacuation earth released featured doctor return earth featured released wii games featured eleventh doctor voiced smith respectively evacuation earth released november return earth followed november additionally wii modeled sonic released accompany games april bbc announced adventure games interactive episodes available free download bbc doctor website featuring doctor amy voiced smith piers referred extra episodes series included doctor universe game developed sheffield based game company games written overseen producers cecil contacted bbc wales editor asked developing doctor game smith movements actions captured doctor use guns commonly found video games adventure games strategy puzzle based gameplay game based stealth exploration puzzle solving doctor equipped sonic skeleton key game employs solving puzzles advance instead simply installment city originally scheduled released june available days earlier bbc explained early release testing procedure final expected prior official release days availability game downloaded times traffic site increased result second game blood released june airing series finale followed game tardis august shadows december additionally mobile game app developed tag games titled doctor time allowed gamer play doctor amy involved time travel defeating enemies solving problems featured puzzles seven locations travel music enemies app released devices december android august | Doctor Who (series 5) | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
18848_AstridPeth | fictional character played long running british science fiction television series doctor companion tenth doctor appears episode voyage damned broadcast december casting role major coup doctor fame attracting publicity voyage damned subsequently episode success terms viewing figures attributed appearance role conception announced companion played august surname confirmed christmas edition radio_times davies stated character going cast demonstrate new companion generated speculation episode broadcast findings tardis means thing welsh episode established connection doctor confidential describes meeting doctor desire explore later book writer tale davies discussed author originally named character treatment later renamed giving reason sounds like sic doctor companion character history appears episode voyage damned introduced aboard starship planet dream seeing stars meeting tenth doctor aboard quickly befriends accompanies doctor trip organised resident historian copper swift passengers earth doctor meet return ship doctor discover plan destroy passengers nearby people earth villainous robots host attempt save ship grows increasingly fond doctor kissing assures old tradition episode climax sacrifices save doctor driving platform truck appear fall deaths later realising wearing doctor attempts recall attempt insufficient power aboard damaged reappears doctor gives goodbye kiss freeing described space energy journey end doctor countless people died clip voyage damned featuring shown montage casting bbc officially announced feature episode voyage damned july official announcement followed rumours casting having circulated press episode writer denied rumours house bbc publication attempt news secret longer furthermore confirmed appearing episode magazine whilst london paper published photograph creative director baker carrying list note doctor script indicating episode sighted filming doctor members public official announcement casting baker long term doctor fan largely responsible casting setting meeting davies davies claimed keen appear doctor acting career publicity promotion posed exclusive photo shoot doctor magazine promoting voyage damned shoot paid homage actress portrayed famous nude photo shoot tenth doctor actor interviewed role broadcast november discussion involvement voyage damned included extended repeat entitled broadcast boxing day leaked sun media outlets kiss doctor reception episode seen million watching peak according consolidated ratings broadcast christmas day bbc ratings success voyage damned partially fully attributed casting role younger viewers fans pop star left distraught death convinced dead real life reviewer liked seen character asserted appearance episode helped return appearance universally praised writer guardian described good blank wrote chemistry doctor delivers lines real lack conviction believe character year special hardly wonder casting regarded coup pop star course going yes millions homes run christmas got album sell truth grateful doctor herald wrote looked old play guardian claimed performance disappointing live doctor mirror stated look worth conversely liverpool echo accused makers including shots legs times online described commented older appearance likened delivery performance neighbours salmon sfx named demise worst companion departures writing death bit farewell scene portrayed companion commented great idea cast disappointed miss meeting set doctor sun selection included doctor role role secret diary girl reference appearance voyage damned actor portrays companion captain suggested love sister appear doctor spin series merchandise produced action figure inclusion voyage damned action figure box set possible return despite davies stating companion voyage damned going little knowing stated cast like quoted saying talk character reintroduced later date davies refused comment asked rumours return doctor | Astrid Peth | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
20067_HarrietJones | fictional character played long running british science fiction television series doctor having worked previously lead writer executive producer keen involve revival doctor sought cast jones introduced story aliens london world war member parliament aids ninth doctor alien invasion london episode introduces running joke associated character frequently introduce holding stating rank subsequent episodes usually met response yes know occurring returned series christmas special davies wanted include familiar character presence ease transition following change series lead actor despite character having introduced fair minded hard working depicted prime minister led comparisons real life politicians response character political decisions prompted mixed commentary media reviewers felt character acted whilst actions felt scripted political demise appearance coincided producer final episodes keen final return episodes producer killed penultimate episode fourth series sacrifices life help prevent takeover earth final scenes designed complete story arc character redemption appearances introduced episode aliens london fictional constituency political party stated describes faithful caught events investigated doctor companion london alien spacecraft crash lands cabinet aliens named finds trapped doctor rose inside downing street elected representative present gives doctor order launch missile destroying building killing trigger nuclear war doctor tells rose jones destined elected prime minister successive terms architect period known britain golden age returns christmas special christmas invasion set months later character prime minister jones oversees launch captured invading spaceship invasion doctor jones orders covert organisation destroy retreating ship arguing come time doctor protect earth defend doctor cold murder tells bring words don think looks tired episode jones faces rumours ill health vote confidence episode sound drums stated master running prime minister alias appeared right downfall character makes final appearance episode stolen earth revealed continued work defence earth maintaining correct responsibility earth protection doctor earth invading army warships jones uses network connect allies doctor network created time jones predicted doctor fail protect earth time crisis aid jones sub wave signal broadcast home allowing doctor return earth expense location visible trio approach fail know humanity rose informs doctor jones sacrifice following episode journey end casting character development role written specially series lead writer executive producer drawn role working davies bob rose impressed writing commenting jones role aliens london world war characterised straight die kind caring politician like faced deadly remarks demonstrates tremendous courage end episode doctor remembers day prime minister speaking april expressed interest returning series explore character departure series lead role davies eager include elements season christmas day introductory episode viewers change lead actor end producer secured return character capacity prime minister christmas invasion character government brought new doctor orders shoot fleeing alien ship davies remarks prime minister jones depth wrong thing intended downfall reflect episode anti war message producer felt end sequence added layer episode mentioned dvd commentary episode tried hard davies change ending felt doctor forgive understand decision felt downfall seen aides reportedly stated looking tired davies acknowledged parallel events felt script power rumours loved fact feel sad character political demise column doctor magazine davies explains intention doctor ending jones career early gap created history master able exploit prime minister originally planned script cut realised doctor guilt davies wrote script fourth series finale episode stolen earth approached reprising role wished character satisfying conclusion story arc formed storyline consisted introduction animosity doctor redemption davies aware hard book restricted appearance scene negotiations easier declined davies planned replace copper swift voyage damned love monsters accepted davies wished act filming block producer appearance aliens london filmed production block series scenes final episode filmed single day cottage recalling final episode described filming experience fabulous fun remarking got sacrifice save world davies lamented character death stated bear thought dead argued survived whilst davies stated doctor magazine issue significant characters writer creates die genuinely emotional time reception radio_times reviewer likened character danish series explaining form small club politicians drama hugely sympathetic female enjoy rapid rise felt major saving grace disappointing aliens london world war daily_telegraph commented number political allusions jones characterisation prime minister christmas invasion felt aid president aliens invade blair bush invasion iraq compared jones destruction fleeing decision heavily criticised doctor decision sink argentine warship general war russell davies responded observations political commentary stating absolutely anti war message present episode christmas day peace guide doctor felt delivered standout performance christmas special stating whilst character remained fascinating watching harder edge emerge woman know love development dvd talk felt begins charming minister suddenly charming end christmas invasion politician den geek felt episode flawed trying awful perfectly reasonable similarly commented character noble intentions proved right return fourth series placed glowing nobility jones sacrifice stolen earth prominent super displayed returning characters episode tired running joke series jones introduce told know remarks face demise able turn usual moving speech defiance daily_telegraph felt time killed popular characters sfx placed character number article listing things loved best revival doctor citing running joke associated character march metro listed best original characters introduced doctor describing complex woman came good end | Harriet Jones | Media and drama | Television | Doctor Who series |
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