AgentCPM-GUI

GitHub | Technical Report

News

• [2025-06-03] 📄📄📄 We have released the technical report of AgentCPM-GUI! Check it out here.
• [2025-05-13] 🚀🚀🚀 We have open-sourced AgentCPM-GUI, an on-device GUI agent capable of operating Chinese & English apps and equipped with RFT-enhanced reasoning abilities.

Overview

AgentCPM-GUI is an open-source on-device LLM agent model jointly developed by THUNLP, Renmin University of China and ModelBest. Built on MiniCPM-V with 8 billion parameters, it accepts smartphone screenshots as input and autonomously executes user-specified tasks.

Key features include:

• High-quality GUI grounding — Pre-training on a large-scale bilingual Android dataset significantly boosts localization and comprehension of common GUI widgets (buttons, input boxes, labels, icons, etc.).
• Chinese-app operation — The first open-source GUI agent finely tuned for Chinese apps, covering 30 + popular titles such as Amap, Dianping, bilibili and Xiaohongshu.
• Enhanced planning & reasoning — Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) lets the model “think” before outputting an action, greatly improving success on complex tasks.
• Compact action-space design — An optimized action space and concise JSON format reduce the average action length to 9.7 tokens, boosting on-device inference efficiency.

Demo Case (1x speed):

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5472a659-cd71-4bce-a181-0981129c6a81

Quick Start

Install dependencies

git clone https://github.com/OpenBMB/AgentCPM-GUI
cd AgentCPM-GUI
conda create -n gui_agent python=3.11
conda activate gui_agent
pip install -r requirements.txt

Download the model

Download AgentCPM-GUI from Hugging Face and place it in model/AgentCPM-GUI.

Huggingface Inference

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
from PIL import Image
import json

# 1. Load the model and tokenizer
model_path = "model/AgentCPM-GUI"  # model path
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
model = model.to("cuda:0") 

# 2. Build the input
instruction = "请点击屏幕上的‘会员’按钮"
image_path = "assets/test.jpeg"
image = Image.open(image_path).convert("RGB")

# 3. Resize the longer side to 1120 px to save compute & memory
def __resize__(origin_img):
    resolution = origin_img.size
    w,h = resolution
    max_line_res = 1120
    if max_line_res is not None:
        max_line = max_line_res
        if h > max_line:
            w = int(w * max_line / h)
            h = max_line
        if w > max_line:
            h = int(h * max_line / w)
            w = max_line
    img = origin_img.resize((w,h),resample=Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
    return img
image = __resize__(image)

# 4. Build the message format
messages = [{
    "role": "user",
    "content": [
        f"<Question>{instruction}</Question>\n当前屏幕截图：",
        image
    ]
}]

# 5. Inference
ACTION_SCHEMA = json.load(open('eval/utils/schema/schema.json', encoding="utf-8"))
items = list(ACTION_SCHEMA.items())
insert_index = 3
items.insert(insert_index, ("required", ["thought"])) # enable/disable thought by setting it to "required"/"optional"
ACTION_SCHEMA = dict(items)
SYSTEM_PROMPT = f'''# Role
你是一名熟悉安卓系统触屏GUI操作的智能体，将根据用户的问题，分析当前界面的GUI元素和布局，生成相应的操作。

# Task
针对用户问题，根据输入的当前屏幕截图，输出下一步的操作。

# Rule
- 以紧凑JSON格式输出
- 输出操作必须遵循Schema约束

# Schema
{json.dumps(ACTION_SCHEMA, indent=None, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(',', ':'))}'''

outputs = model.chat(
    image=None,
    msgs=messages,
    system_prompt=SYSTEM_PROMPT,
    tokenizer=tokenizer,
    temperature=0.1,
    top_p=0.3,
    n=1,
)

# 6. Output
print(outputs)

Expected output:

{"thought":"任务目标是点击屏幕上的‘会员’按钮。当前界面显示了应用的推荐页面，顶部有一个导航栏。点击‘会员’按钮可以访问应用的会员相关内容。","POINT":[729,69]}

vLLM Inference

# Launch the vLLM server
vllm serve model/AgentCPM-GUI --served-model-name AgentCPM-GUI --tensor_parallel_size 1 --trust-remote-code

import base64
import io
import json
import requests
from PIL import Image

END_POINT = "http://localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions"  # Replace with actual endpoint

# system prompt
ACTION_SCHEMA = json.load(open('eval/utils/schema/schema.json', encoding="utf-8"))
items = list(ACTION_SCHEMA.items())
insert_index = 3
items.insert(insert_index, ("required", ["thought"])) # enable/disable thought by setting it to "required"/"optional"
ACTION_SCHEMA = dict(items)
SYSTEM_PROMPT = f'''# Role
你是一名熟悉安卓系统触屏GUI操作的智能体，将根据用户的问题，分析当前界面的GUI元素和布局，生成相应的操作。

# Task
针对用户问题，根据输入的当前屏幕截图，输出下一步的操作。

# Rule
- 以紧凑JSON格式输出
- 输出操作必须遵循Schema约束

# Schema
{json.dumps(ACTION_SCHEMA, indent=None, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(',', ':'))}'''

def encode_image(image: Image.Image) -> str:
    """Convert PIL Image to base64-encoded string."""
    with io.BytesIO() as in_mem_file:
        image.save(in_mem_file, format="JPEG")
        in_mem_file.seek(0)
        return base64.b64encode(in_mem_file.read()).decode("utf-8")

def __resize__(origin_img):
    resolution = origin_img.size
    w,h = resolution
    max_line_res = 1120
    if max_line_res is not None:
        max_line = max_line_res
        if h > max_line:
            w = int(w * max_line / h)
            h = max_line
        if w > max_line:
            h = int(h * max_line / w)
            w = max_line
    img = origin_img.resize((w,h),resample=Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
    return img

def predict(text_prompt: str, image: Image.Image):
    messages = [
        {"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM_PROMPT},
        {"role": "user", "content": [
            {"type": "text", "text": f"<Question>{text_prompt}</Question>\n当前屏幕截图：(<image>./</image>)"},
            {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{encode_image(image)}"}}
        ]}
    ]

    payload = {
        "model": "AgentCPM-GUI",  # Your model name
        "temperature": 0.1,
        "messages": messages,
        "max_tokens": 2048,
    }

    headers = {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
    }

    response = requests.post(END_POINT, headers=headers, json=payload)
    assistant_msg = response.json()["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
    return assistant_msg

image = __resize__(Image.open("assets/test.jpeg"))
instruction = "请点击屏幕上的‘会员’按钮"
response = predict(instruction, image)
print(response)

Action Space

At each step, the agent outputs is a single JSON object that contains:

• One (and only one) primitive action, chosen from the list below;
• Optional modifiers (duration, thought) and/or a task-level flag (STATUS).

Note that all keywords are case-sensitive, and we use compact JSON (i.e., no extra whitespace), which affects the tokenizer’s behavior.

Action	Required field(s)	Optional field(s)	Purpose	Example
Click	POINT:[x,y]	duration,thought,STATUS	Single tap at the normalized screen coordinate (0–1000, origin = top-left).	{"POINT":[480,320]}
Long Press	POINT:[x,y] duration:1000	duration,thought,STATUS	Touch-and-hold at coordinate (set a longer duration, e.g. >200 ms).	{"POINT":[480,320],"duration":1000}
Swipe	POINT:[x,y] to:"up" | "down" | "left" | "right" or to:[x,y]	duration,thought,STATUS	Swipe from the start point toward a direction or another coordinate.	{"POINT":[500,200],"to":"down"}
Press key	PRESS:"HOME" | "BACK" | "ENTER"	duration,thought,STATUS	Trigger a hardware / navigation button.	{"PRESS":"HOME"}
Type text	TYPE:"<text>"	duration,thought,STATUS	Insert the given text at the current input focus.	{"TYPE":"Hello, world!"}
Wait	duration	thought,STATUS	Idle for the specified time without any other action.	{"duration":500}
Task-level status	STATUS:"start" | "continue" | "finish" | "satisfied" | "impossible" | "interrupt" | "need_feedback"	duration,thought	Report task progress; may appear alone or with a primitive action.	{"STATUS":"finish"}

Fine-tuning

Source code for SFT and RFT training is provided — see GitHub.

Performance Evaluation

Grounding Benchmark

Model	fun2point	text2point	bbox2text	average
AgentCPM-GUI-8B	79.1	76.5	58.2	71.3
Qwen2.5-VL-7B	36.8	52.0	44.1	44.3
Intern2.5-VL-8B	17.2	24.2	45.9	29.1
Intern2.5-VL-26B	14.8	16.6	36.3	22.6
OS-Genesis-7B	8.3	5.8	4.0	6.0
UI-TARS-7B	56.8	66.7	1.4	41.6
OS-Altas-7B	53.6	60.7	0.4	38.2
Aguvis-7B	60.8	76.5	0.2	45.8
GPT-4o	22.1	19.9	14.3	18.8
GPT-4o with Grounding	44.3	44.0	14.3	44.2

Agent Benchmark

Dataset	Android Control-Low TM	Android Control-Low EM	Android Control-High TM	Android Control-High EM	GUI-Odyssey TM	GUI-Odyssey EM	AITZ TM	AITZ EM	Chinese APP TM	Chinese APP EM
AgentCPM-GUI-8B	94.39	90.20	77.70	69.17	90.85	74.96	85.71	76.38	96.86	91.28
Qwen2.5-VL-7B	92.11	82.12	69.65	57.36	55.33	40.90	73.16	57.58	68.53	48.80
UI-TARS-7B	93.52	88.89	68.53	60.81	78.79	57.33	71.74	55.31	71.01	53.92
OS-Genesis-7B	90.74	74.22	65.92	44.43	11.67	3.63	19.98	8.45	38.10	14.50
OS-Atlas-7B	73.03	67.25	70.36	56.53	91.83*	76.76*	74.13	58.45	81.53	55.89
Aguvis-7B	93.85	89.40	65.56	54.18	26.71	13.54	35.71	18.99	67.43	38.20
OdysseyAgent-7B	65.10	39.16	58.80	32.74	90.83	73.67	59.17	31.60	67.56	25.44
GPT-4o	-	19.49	-	20.80	-	20.39	70.00	35.30	3.67	3.67
Gemini 2.0	-	28.50	-	60.20	-	3.27	-	-	-	-
Claude	-	19.40	-	12.50	60.90	-	-	-	-	-

*Different train/test splits

TM and EM stand for the Type Match and Exact Match, respectively. All evaluation data and code are open-sourced — see here for details.

All evaluation data and code are open-sourced — see here for details.

Evaluation Data

We provide CAGUI, an evaluation benchmark for Chinese apps covering grounding and agent tasks. See the dataset on Hugging Face.

License

• Code in this repository is released under the Apache-2.0 license.

Citation

If AgentCPM-GUI is useful for your research, please cite:

@article{zhang2025agentcpmgui,
      title={Agent{CPM}-{GUI}: Building Mobile-Use Agents with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning}, 
      author={Zhong Zhang and Yaxi Lu and Yikun Fu and Yupeng Huo and Shenzhi Yang and Yesai Wu and Han Si and Xin Cong and Haotian Chen and Yankai Lin and Jie Xie and Wei Zhou and Wang Xu and Yuanheng Zhang and Zhou Su and Zhongwu Zhai and Xiaoming Liu and Yudong Mei and Jianming Xu and Hongyan Tian and Chongyi Wang and Chi Chen and Yuan Yao and Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun},
      year={2025},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.01391},
}