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Sibabantu abavela eentjhabeni ezihlukahlukeneko nabakhuluma amalimi angafaniko, kodwana sihlangene ngomnqopho munye. Ngaphezu kwakho koke, sifuna ukudumisa uJehova, uZimu weBhayibheli noMdali wazo zoke izinto. Senza nokusemandlenethu ukulingisa uJesu Krestu begodu siyazikhakhazisa ngokubizwa ngamaKrestu. Ngamunye wethu uhlala azipha isikhathi sokusiza abantu bafunde ngeBhayibheli nangomBuso kaZimu. Ngebanga lokuthi siyafakaza, namkha sikhulume ngoJehova uZimu nangomBuso wakhe, saziwa ngokuthi siboFakazi BakaJehova.
Hlola izinzolwazi lethu. Funda iBhayibheli ku-Inthanethi. Funda okungeziweko ngathi nangalokho esikukholelwako. | isiNdebele |
BEKUMHLA ka-6 Septemba 1926, umjikelezi (pilgrim) odabuka eJapani, nakazakusuka enarheni ye-United States alikhomba ekhabo njengesithunywa esiyokutjhumayela kwenye inarha. Bekazokwamukelwa ngomunye wabafundi besiThala obesekasungule nesiqhenyana sabafundi beBhayibheli eKobe. Ngesikhatheso abaFundi beBhayibheli besebabambe nomhlanganwabo wokuthoma edorobhenelo ngomhla ka-2 Janabari 1927. Abantu ebebalapho bebama-36, kwabhajadiswa ababunane. Leso bekusithomo esihle, kodwana umbuzo kukuthi isiqhenyaneso besizozifikelela na iingidi ezima-60 zabantu beJapan abomele iqiniso leBhayibheli?
NgoMeyi 1927, abaFundi beBhayibheli basungula ijima lokukhangisa iinkulumo zeBhayibheli ezimlandelande. Ekulumweni yokuthoma ebeyizokulalelwa e-Osaka, abazalwana bebakhamba baphanyeka amagabhagabha hlanu kwendlela kilo loke idorobho, bathumela neememo ezizi-3 000 kibosaziwako bendawo. Bakhambisa namaphetjhana azi-150 000 emabhesini, kwathi ikulumo yona yakhangiswa emaphephandabeni adumileko we-Osaka nemakaradeni azi-400 000 wokukhwela isitimela. Ngelanga lokulalelwa kwekulumo leyo, isiphaphamtjhini sarhatjha amanye godu amaphetjhana azi-100 000 edorobheni. Kweza abantu abazi-2 300 eWolweni le-Osaka e-Asahi bazokulalela ikulumo enesihloko esithi “UmBuso KaZimu Ubandamele.” Abanye ababalelwa kwabayikulungwana kwafuze bona bajikiswe ngebanga lokuthi indawo beyingasekho. Ngemva kwekulumo, abangaphezu kwama-600 ebebalalele, bahlala balindela bona kuphendulwe imibuzo. Eenyangeni ezalandela, iinkulumo zeBhayibhelezi zadlalwa neKyoto nakwamanye amadorobho wetjingalanga yeJapani.
Ngo-Oktoba 1927, abaFundi beBhayibheli bahlela bona kuyokufikwa neTokyo ngeenkulumezo. Nalapho umuntu ngamunye wathola isimemo—okuhlanganisa nabongqongqotjhe abaphetheko, namalunga wepalamende, abantu bamasondo kunye nabadosiphambili bamajoni. Kwasetjenziswa namagabhagabha wemikhangiso, amaphephandaba, kunye namaphetjhana azi-710 000, begodu abantu ebeza bazokulalela iinkulumezo esifundeni seJapani bebazi-4 800.
ABATJHUMAYELI ABAKHUTHELEKO
Amaphayona (colporteurs) awukhuthalela khulu umsebenzi wokutjhumayela ngomlayezo womBuso emizini yabantu. UMatsue Ishii, ongomunye wamaphayona wokuthoma eJapani, wasebenza nobabakwakhe uJizo ekutjhumayeleni indawo engangesiquntu senarha, kusukela eSapporo ukuya ngetlhagwini yeSendai, eTokyo, eYokohama, eNagoya, e-Osaka, eKyoto, e-Okayama, neTokushima. UDade Ishii nomunye obesekaluphele uSakiko Tanaka bebambatha izembatho ezinesithunzi nabavakatjhela iinkhulu zakarhulumende. Esinye seenkhulwezo sabe sabawa amakhophi ama-300 wencwadi ethi, The Harp of God nethi, Deliverance bona ziyokufakwa emabulungelweni weencwadi ejele.
UKatsuo noHagino Miura bazamukela iincwadi ezivela kuDade Ishii, begodu balilemuka khonokho iqiniso. Kwathi ngemva kokubhajadiswa kwabo ngo-1931, bathoma umsebenzi wokutjhumayela isikhathi esizeleko. UHaruichi noTane Yamada neenhlobo zabo ezinengi, bamukela umlayezo womBuso inarha isalele ngaphambi kwabo-1930. BakwaYamada babe bangenela nomsebenzi wokutjhumayela isikhathi ezeleko, kwathi indodakazabo uYukiko yayokusebenza eBethel yeTokyo.
‘ABOJEHU’—ABAKHULU NABANCANI
Ngesikhathi sakade iinkoloyi bezidura into erarako, begodu neendlela bezikhamba zikhisimela. Ngebangelo-ke uKazumi Minoura namanye amaphayona asakhulako bebasebenzisa iinkoloyana ezidoswako. Iinkoloyana zabezo bebazithiyelele ngoJehu umahluleli wakwa-Israyeli ebekareya ikoloyana yeempera. (2 Kho. 10:15, 16) Ikoloyana ngayinye beyimamitha ayi-2.2 ubude, inabe ngamamitha ayi-1.9, nokuphakama kwayo kumamitha ayi-1.9, begodu bezingakhweza abantu abasithandathu bebalale nangaphakathi kwazo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, bekunemilelenjana eli-11, munye ongareywa babantu ababili ebeyivela egatjeni leJapani, yona-ke bebayibiza ngaboJehu abancani. UKiichi Iwasaki, ebekanesandla ekwenzeni aboJehu uthi nakakhumbulako, “Omunye nomunye uJehu bekanetende kunye nebethri lekoloyi ebelizokusetjenziselwa ukukhanyisa amalerhe.” Amaphayona ayitjhumayela yoke indawo yeJapani, asebenzisa aboJehu abadoswako nabasunduzwako, ehla enyuka neentaba arabhula nommango kusukela etlhagwini yeHakkaido ukuya ngesewula yeKyushu.
U-Ikumatsu Ota oliphayona uthi: “Nasifika edorobheni besiphaga aboJehu magega nomlambo namkha endaweni evulekileko, bese sivakatjhela abantu abadumileko bedorobhelo, njengomeyara, ngemva kwalokho sivakatjhele nemizi yabantu sibatjhiyele iincwadi. Besithi singayihlanganisa yoke isimu, sidlulele kwenye.”
‘Bekulilanga lezinto ezincani’ mhla abaFundi beBhayibheli beKobe abama-36 babamba umhlanganwabo wokuthoma. (Zak. 4:10) Eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela ngo-1932, amaphayona ali-103 nabanye abatjhumayeli beJapan babika iincwadi ezingaphezu kweziyi-14 000 abazikhambisileko. Namhlanjesi eJapani kwenziwa umsebenzi wokutjhumayela tjhatjhalazi eendaweni ezivulekileko, begodu abatjhumayeli ababalelwa ku-220 000 baragela tjhubelo nokurhatjha umlayezo weqiniso eJapani.—Ezivela ebulungelweni lethu eJapani. | isiNdebele |
Thina, bantu beSewula Afrika,
Siyakwazi ukungangaphatheki kuhle kwethu esikhathini esidlulileko;
Sihlonipha labo abahlukumezekako ngobulungiswa nekululeko enarhenekhethu;
Sihlonipha labo abasebenzileko ekwakhiweni nekuthuthukisweni kwephasi lekhethu; begodu
Sikholwa bona iSewula Afrika ingeyabo boke abahlala kiyo, sibambene ngokwahlukahlukana kwethu.
Ngokujanyelwa bajameli bethu abakhethwe ngokutjhaphulukileko, samukela umThethosisekelo lo njengomthetho wokuthoma weRiphabliki -
Ozokuqeda ukuhlukana okwadlulako begodu kwakhiwe umphakathi odzimelele eminqopheni yentando yenengi, ubulungiswa begodu namalungelo wobuntu wangokomThetho;
Ozakubeka isisekelo sentando yenengi nomphakathi otjhaphulukileko lapha urhulumende adzimelele khona eemfunweni zabantu begodu nalapha isakhamuzi ngasinye sivikelwe mthetho ngokulinganakho;
Ozakwenza ngcono izinga lepilo yazo zoke izakhamuzi begodu nokuveza amakghono womunye nomunye umuntu; begodu
Ngokwakha iSewula Afrika ebumbeneko neyentando yenengi ezokukghona ukuthatha indawo yayo njengenarha ezijameleko emndenini weentjhabatjhaba.
Kwanga uZimu angavikela abantu bekhethu.
Kosi Sikelel’ i-Afrika.
Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso.
God seën Suid-Afrika.
God bless South Africa.
Mudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika.
Hosi katekisa Afrika. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Ikukhamba, Oryx (Oryx gazella)
Introduction
Kiyo yoke imihlobo yeenyamazana i-Oryx ilitshwayo lerhalawumba yenarheni ye-Namibia. Ikhaya layo liba yindawo evulekileko enganamithunzi begodu ilanga lakhona litjhisa khudlwana, imithi emameva imaqalanga.
Zizalelwa emarhalawumbeni begodu zakheke njengomeyila wepera, zinamandla nokubambelela ngokuphila ngembijana yotjani berhalawumba.
Nazingana lapho zisela khona amanzi zisebenzisa amaqhinga wokobana zivumele izinga lomtjhiso wemizimbazo bona likhuphuke ngokudluleleko libe semazingeni wokutjhisa ama- 35.7°C to 45°C (113°F), zifese zehlisi ukutjhisa lokho ngokurhwamuka ngabomakghadlana kunye nomjuluko. Kesinye isikhathi ithi ingathunda imunye umthondwayo.
Ukudla/Idayethi
Ziphila ngokudla amakara ahlaza, utjani kunye neenhlanhla, kodwana gesikhathi sesomiso zikhamba zizuma ukudla begodu zidla namathuthumbo. Ukususa ukomela amanzi zemba iinhlahla ezinamanzi bezidle nomhlobo wamaswiri womhlobo we-tsama.
Ukuzala Nokhulisa Kwazo
Nanyana inymazana le inganaso isikhathi esisodwa ezala ngazo. Ivame ukuzala ikonyana linye ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha eethatha iinyanga ezingaba lithoba. Zijarhana ngokuya ngokulungela ukujarhwa kwalezo ezisikazi kunye neenkuzi zomhlambazo.
Ukuziphatha Kwazo
Iimhlambi yeenyamazana ezisikazi zikhamba zingena hlangana nomhlambi weenkunzi zifunana nokudla. Iinkunzi ezingasizo zomhlambi othileko zigoba iphondo lokha kufika lezo eziphethe umhlambi ngehloso yokubalekela ipi yeenkuzi.
Indlela umhlobo lo uziphatha ngayo ikhambisana namandla kunye nokubulunga amanzi. Nakutjhisa ilanga zivamise ukulala emithunzini yemithi kodwana lapho kungamamthunzi zinonde ziphanduka ukwenzela bona ilanga lingazitjhisi endaweni eyodwa yomzimba.
Iinkunzi ezimukhama wodwa zaziwa khulu ngobukhali bazo bokubulala amabhubezi ngokuhlaba ngeempondo zazo ezibukhali.
Indawo Yokuhlala/Iinkhundla
Zithanda ukuhlala endaweni enotjani obomileko kodwana kesinye isikhathi zibenzisa iindawo zetjingalanga yamadwala we-Namib, esandeni yamarhalwumba we-Namib kunye ne-Kalahara esarhalawumba.
Lapho Zitholakala Khona
Iinyamazanezi zitholaka pheze kiwo zoke iinciwi zeembandana zeSewula Afrika begodu zikhe zathunyelwa neendwaeni lapho ekhezakhamba khamba khona bese zaqimela.
Iinlwani Eziyingozi Kizo/ Iinlwani Ezidla Inyamazana Le
Lezo ezibuthakathaka ezingakghoni ukuzivike namakonyanazo zibulawa bezidliwe khulu mabhubezi, izingwe, iihlosi, iimpisi, nezinja zomango.
Ukuvela Nokwakheka Kwayo
Iyinyamazana enemida enzima nokumhlophe ebusweni kunye nemilenzeni, inemida enzima emahlangothini kunye nomsila omude nonzima ngombala. Iinkuinzi ziphakame ngamamithara ama-1.2 kunye nesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba makhilogremu ama-240. Zombili esikazi neduna zineempondo, kodwana zaleyo eduna zifitjhani begodu zideke kunalezo zesikazi.
Ilwazi Elibuthelelwe Emangwenazo
Igameli litjhugululwe lasiwa elimini le-Afrikaans ukusuka e-Dutch, lona lisuselwa egameni le-Europe elithi Chamois; elihlathulula umhlobo wenyamazana yempondo ezifitjhani. Iimpondo zenyamazana le zide begodu zinepende embi, zaziwa ngokuhlaba bezibulale iinlwani eziyingongo nazisahlelako kunye namanabazo. | isiNdebele |
phandle elidlule likamagodongo okuthe bathi libophana lingaphandle labophana lingaphakathi uponi ngumaphepha wesibili ikorombo ngeyakomsana yivulakundla yakomsana
ngumabelethwa abikwe ekhabomkhulu sisotha mlilo sikamthunzi siyasabeka ngombana sahlonitjhwa nguzulu abuya emtjhadweni kasompayi
uponi ngumadla zekhabo inga yikom'engazaleli elingeni ngusehla siyanyuka nomakari umsakadurh'eentabeni zakwandebele nepietersburg
ngumaw'avuke nomangena bathuthungatha isikhundla sobukhosi bemvelo njengekungu ngebayama ibhalule bethungatha ikaba yesizinda samandebele usokomsasa ngiyesaba ukuthi ngujafta ngombana sisothamlilo ebandla namadoda abanye bawotha ngekhaya nabafazi
yindaba engiyizwe ngayizolo ngazengamunya ubuthole ngiyizwa ngumawela kelibanzi izibuko abanye besaba bathi uponi akanakuba yikosi kanti kunyana ayokubamba wengwenya
usilala aphenduka njengamadoda lithole ngelalindwa sitjhaba ubusuku nemini ngumalala benyoni avuke ngakusasa akhothwe bezimu usitjhaba sikomele njengamanzi womlambo wekhathazweni
lithole likanamotha elamunya laze lamila iimpondo ngelamunya kwatjhay'ijeje nebhalule yinjenjenene enganabubanjelo ibanjelwa ngabanamaqhegu ngusilonda sibabel'umenghwayi ihlobo nobusika
yikosi yamandebele zombele kelikamakh'iphondo umaphepha wesibili lihlokohloko elehla nemilambo yakwamahlangulu nelydenburg ngowasakhela ubuhlobo obuhle kwamazimela unamazimela yindlovukazi kandabezitha eyabeleth'imirabhu kamkhalangana
wayibamba itjhisa njengomlilo wabuya wayibamba isabambelele etjeni yipunzi edla igadile embundwini wekhabo ngumatjhukel'iincwadi neembeleko ebandla namadoda ngumatjhubel'amafindo aqinileko abhalel'amadoda
ngumalamul'ambili zibulalana njengemikukurumbu
nguvula kundla eentabeni zekhethu kwadlawulale esibhabhadhleni nangencama sinanja esasewula kwangasisewule ngayizolo yipande yomuth'omkhulu kasomtjhatjhana ngowathi ukuwa kwelinye iboda kuvuka kwelinye ngombana nanguya siyambona ehlezi emthanjini wendlukulu kanonkozikulu ngunontombi ngokasotumezana ngumsuth'akaboni intambi
ngumaphakela ukudla abadluli ngendlela basale bababaza umusa nepatho eyazisako. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Udahla/Ipungutjha (enemida emahlangothini) [Canis adustus]
Ukwakheka nokuvela kwayo
Umhlobo lo wepungutjha onemida emahlangothini, utjhagala khulu ebusuku, yakheke njenge nja begodu kusilwani somhlobo ophila ngokudla inyama kwaphela. Nasihlanganisa ihloko kanye nomzimba, iba nesilinganiso sobude obumamilimitha amakhulu asithandathu namasumi amahlanu ukuya emakhulwini abunane (650-800 mm), kanye nomsila omude ngesilinganiso esimakhulu amathathu ukuya emakhulwini amane (300-400 mm). Kanti-ke iphakame ngesilinganiso esimamilimitha amakhulu amane ukuya emakhulwini amahlanu (400-500 mm), kanye nesilinganiso sobudisi obumakhilogremu alikhomba nesuminambili (7.12).
Iimpungutjhezi azivamisi ukubonwa khulu, begodu ziimhlobo omhkulu kunalowo ojayelekileko nowaziwa ngokuba nomgogodlha wombala onzima. Zinombala omlotha okukirekileko kanye nomgogodlha othanda ukuba nzinyana, amahlangothi anemida emhlophe eqarheke ngemida enzima. Zinomsila onzima ovamise ukuba mhlophe esiphethweni sawo kuthi iindlebe zona zibe nombala onzima okukirekileko.
Ukudla
Ukuphumelela nokuphila komhlobolo wesilwani kusemandleni wokuba mhlobo ogkhona ukudla imihlobohlobo yokudla, kanye nokutjhugulula lokho ekudlako ngokuya ngobujamo bebhuduluko. Ukudla kwayo kufaka hlangana iinrhwarhwa, iinlwanyana ezincani zomhlobo omunyisako, ingcuba, iinthelo, isiphila, iimbhadwa, amaqanda kanye neenyoni. Ipungutjha yomhlobo onemida emahlangothini ayisiyingozi ukudlula leyo enombala onzima emgogodlheni.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa kwayo
Zijarhana phakathi kwenyanga kaMgwengweni kanye noVelabahlinze, kodwana kesinye isikhathi zingajarhana kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka. Zizala iimdlwana emine ukuya kesithandathu phakathi kwenyanga kaRhoboyi kanye noSinyikhaba, ngemuva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esimalanga amasumi amahlanu nekhomba ukuya emasumini asithandathu nane (57-64).
Zivamise ukukhulisela umudlwanazo eemgodini weemfarigi zomango kanye neethubini ezembekileko, lokhu zikwenza ngokusizana nomudlwana wonyaka ogadlulilekon. Zombili eduna nesikazi ziyasizana ukukhulisa iimdlwana ngokuyipha ukudla ngemva kokuyiphuhlisa ibele. Lokhu zikwenza ngokufunza iimdlwana ukudla nofana ngokuyihlanzela ukudla qobe ngeemva kwama-awara amabili ukuya kamathatha ubusuku boke.
Ukuziphatha kwazo
Ngesikhathi sokuzala nokukhulisa kuba neembili ezihlala eduze khulu. Umhlobo lo weempungutjha umhlobo wesifunda khulu, begodu kanengi isifunda sazo sivamise ukugcinwa khulu ngilezo ezithembekileko kanye neemdlwanazo. Iimdlwana ekugcine iyaphuma emhlambini igcine sele izitholela yaso isifunda. Umhlobo lo wepungutjha uhlala khulu eendaweni ezivulekileko.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Ukunaba kwazo enarheni yeSewula Afrika kunaba ukusuka eThlagwini yesiFunda saKwaZulu-Natal ukuya eMpumalanga, esiFundeni seThlagu kanye nenarheni yeSwaziland.
Ibuthelelolwazi lemangwenazo
Iimpungutjha ezinemida emahlangothini zidla woke umhlobo weenthelo ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka begodu zigcina sele zidla kwaphela lowo mhlobo wokudla okhona ngokuya ngesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka. Zinjalo nje azikavami bona zisahlele iinlwani ezikulu begodu azitswenyi khulu ebalimini njengalezo zombala onzima emgogodhlweni. | isiNdebele |
Khuyini eyenza uJesu bona atjhumayele ngokungakahlelwa?
4:7—Wathoma ikulumiswano ngokubawa amanzi kunokobana akhulume ngomBuso kaZimu namkha ngokuthi unguMesiya
4:9—Akhenge ambandlulule umfazi omSamariya ngokuthi ngewaliphi ihlanga nesitjhaba
4:10—Wathoma indabakhe ngomfanekiso wezinto ezenziwa ngumma lo qobe lilanga
4:16-19—Nanyana bekaziphatha kumbi, uJesu wamphatha ngehlonipho
Ukulandisokhu kukuveza njani ukuqakatheka kokutjhumayela ngokungakahlelwa? | isiNdebele |
U-Esta bekanesibindi begodu wazidela bona ajamele uJehova nabantu bakhe
8:3-5, 9
U-Esta noMoridekayi bebaphephile. Kodwana uHamani wamemezela ukuthi kubulawe woke amaJuda ebekahlala eendaweni ebezibuswa maMede namaPheresiya
U-Esta wafaka ukuphila kwakhe engozini godu, ngokuthi avele phambi kwekosi angakabizwa. Walilela abantu bekhabo ngokuthi abawe ikosi bona ikhiphe isimemezelo ngesehlakalo esibuhlungwesi
Imithetho ebeyikhitjhwa egameni lekosi beyingeqiwa. Yeke ikosi yanikela u-Esta noMoridekayi ukuthi bahlome umthetho omutjha
UJehova wasiza abantu bakhe bona bathumbe ipi ebebayilwa
8:10-14, 17
Kwakhitjhwa umyalo wesibili, ebewunikela amaJuda ilungelo lokuzivikela
Abakhweli beempere baya kizo zoke iingcenye zombuso, amaJuda azilungiselela ipi
Abantu abanengi babona ubufakazi bakaZimu bethando bese baba maphroselithe amaJuda | isiNdebele |
Kuyaphithizela Etjhagwini Pumalanga
Ekupheleni kwe-millenium ye-common Era, etlhagwini yePumalanga, abakhambi ngenkeepe be-Arab kanye nebe-Asia gade bathole umoya wesikhathi sokuthoma kokurhweba, egade yenze bona bakghone ukukhamba ngeenkempe baye phasi phezulu nelwandle le-Africa lapha gade bathola khona, iinkhumba zeenyamazana, i-ivory kanye nerhawuda ebahlalini bakhona. Kwakutlanywe iintetjhi ezimbalwa eendaweni ezifana neZanzibar, Mogadishu kanye neKilwa, ezazenza irhwebo le-marine network eyafika ngaphambi kwabatjhayeli beenkepe be-Europe ngeminyaka yama-500 ayadlulako.
Istjetjhi serhwebo esisetjingalanga bekuyiSofala, ehlezi eduze kweDorobha eselelibizwa bona yi-Beira kwanje, eseMozambique. Abenzi bemmpoto zebumba be-Afrika ephakathi gade bathwala izinto abarhweba ngazo bazise etlhagwini, lapha gade bazitjintja bathole ngazo imincamo yerhalasi, namagobolondo alengako, gade beza godu neenqephu ze-porcelain ebuya e-Far East.
Ituthuko yabantu beMapungubwe
Ngombana isifunda seLimpopo sineendlovu ezinengi okutjho bona namazinyo wazo manengi, kanye namagiqa werhawuda emilanjeni yaso, iintjhaba ezinengi esifundenesi zanjinga khulu. Kancanikancani, abarhwebi bakade bathoma ukuthuthuka ngokuya ngokobana ubani unjinge kangangani nokobana ubujamo babo bunjani emphakathini. Ngetjhudu, ngeskhathesi, ubujamo bezulu gade bubuhle begodu isigodlo esisakhulako gade sikhamba phambili ngokuba nehlabathi evundileko kanye nemihlambi emihle.
Isenta ephumeleleko yesikhathi sesiko le-iron age leli, gade lisendaweni emakhilometha ambalwa epumalanga ye-Kruger National Park, eduze kwehlanganamlambo yeLimpopo kanye neShashe. Ngeminyaka Yobo-1200, umphakathi lo waba mphakathi owaziwa khulu waziwa neendaweni ezimakhilomitha ambalwa endaweni esele yaziwa njengesiphande se-Botswana, Zimbabwe kanye neSewula Afrika.
Imapungubwe civilisation, nekuyihlokodorobha eyayakhiwe endundumeni espara phezulu ehlangothini elisetjingalangana yomlambo weLimpopo. Emamitheni wendunduma le bekuhlala ikosi nabaphekeleli bayo. Bese kuthi phasi kuhlale abahlali abamakhulu ambalwa, egade baqala phezulu ekosinabo egade bayibona iqwengekile.
Umlando weMapungubwe
Iminyaka ema-100, abantu ebebahlala endundumeni yeMapungubwe gade badla kusale. Kwathi kungakalindelwa ituthuko yabantu nanyana umnotho wabo wawa. Akubonakali inga lokho kwenziwa mandla wangaphandle, kodwana kwenziwa bujamo bezulu, kanye nesomiso esakatelela abantu bona baragele phambili ngepilo. Nanyana kwaba yini eyenza lokho i-circa-1290 yatjhiywa injalo.
Iintjhabatjhaba zeAfrika egade zihlala endaweni le gade zibona intaba le, njengenelijwa. Kwakuthiwa likhaya labezimu nokobana uzokuqalekiswa umuntu ozokuzama ukugibela intaba leyo. iMapungubwe khange basayinaka, begodu indaba yabantu bakhona yahlala ivalwe njengomraro isikhathi esingaba minyaka eyi-700.
Kwathi ngeminyaka yama-1930 umlimi wekhuwa ebekahlala endaweni leyo wezwa ngeMapungubwe kanye nenkolelolize zayo, wagibela intaba leyo. Wathola amaliba webukhosini ambalwa khonapho phezulu, wawathola asese nezinto zemalibenapho, lokho ekwarholela bona kuthome ukwenjiwa okwathatha iminyaka ema-70 esolo kuragele phambili kuze kube nje.
Imiraro yeMapungubwe
Kunendawo ezinengi ze-archaeology, lapha imiraro yakade kanye nabantu nanyana imimoya yemandulo isahlala khona. iMapungubwe Hill (nanyana indawo yaboJakalasi) iyindawo eseduze komgcele weMusina. Gade iyikhaseli yemvelo ekhe kwahlalwa kiyo abantu hlangana neminyaka yabo-AD 950 kuya kweye 1200. Irhubhululo lithola ama-artefacts amanengi enziwe ngerhawuda kanye nesiko lerhwebo hlangana kweSewula Afrika, India kanye ne-China.
Isikhathi seAfrika Esihlukileko
Kodwana indaba le ayikaphatheleni nepolotiki kwaphela. iMapungubwe sele ithandwa khulu ngombana iyindawo ehle yokuvakatjha. Lapha kungabonwa khona iindawo ezihle, amakhempu wakhona wokuphumula mahle kwamanikelela. Begodu iikhempu le sele iinendawo ezintathu ezibaluleke khulu ekubalwa kizo i Mapungubwe Hill, K2 kanye neShroda.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Nangabe ufuna ukuba mtjhejingulani womphakathi nokusekela abantu abadala eduze nalapho bahlala khona, ungenza isibawo kumNqophisi-Zombelele ema-ofisini womNyango wezokuThuthukiswa komPhakathi.
UMtjhejingulani uqinisekisa bonyana abantu abadala bathola itlhogomelo nokusekelwa emizini yabo emphakathini abahlala kiwo ngaleso sikhathi abafuna ngaso.
- Iya ema-ofisini womNyango wezokuTHuthukiswa komPhakathi
- Zalisa iforomo 2.
- Letha lokhu okulandelako:
- umtlamo webhizinisi kanye nerhelo lemisebenzi eyenziwa yihlangano
- amagama kanye namakhophi aqinisekisiweko wabomazisi bamalunga wehlangano
- umthethosisekelo wehlangano
- isitifiketi sokutlolisa se-NPO, nangabe itloliswe njenge-NPO.
- esinye nesinye isitifiketi sokutlolisa namkha imitlolo engasekela isibawo
- isitatimende semali esihloliweko seenyanga ezisithandathu.
- amagama kanye nemininingwana yokuthintana yama-Oditha.
- ilwazi langaphambilini ngokuthola imitlomelo yezeemali
- uveze isikhombiso kanye nemininingwana yokuthintana yabantu/ iinhlangano ezisekela isibawo leso
- uveze yoke imithombo eletha ingeniso/ nesekelo ngeemali
- irejista yerhelo labazuzi, irejista yamabizo wamalunga wabasebenzi abasebenza lapho.
- Isisebenzi sezomphakathi sizakuvakatjhela ukuqinisekisa bonyana wanelisa iimfuno zomNqophisi-mazombe sokobana ihlangano yakho izakulawulwa iphathwe ngokulandela ikambiso namazinga afaneleko.
- Nawukhambisana nalokho, uzakunikelwa isitifiketi sokutlolisa – iforomo 3.
- Nangabe sewutlolisile begodu awukhambisani nekambiso namazinga wesitjhaba, umNqophisi –Mazombe angesula ihlangano yakho ngesinye nesinye isikhathi ngemva kokukwazisa inyanga eyodwa kanye nobenzela umsebenzi.
Tjheja: Boke abatjhejingulani kanye nabasekeli babekwa ilihlo bebahlolwe qobemnyaka ukuqinisekisa bonyana bakhambisana nekambiso kanye namazinga abekiweko.
Kungathatha amalanga amahlanu ukusebenzana nesibawo sakho.
Akubhadalwa.
Woke amaforomo atholakala ema-ofisini aseduze nawe womNyango wezokuThuthukiswa komPhakathii. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Buffalo Thorn
Igama lesi-Latin
Ziziphus mucronata
Ihlathululo
Lomhlobo womuthi ovamise ukulahlekelwa makarawo qobe unyaka nonyaka, unjalo nje ukhula bewube mude ngamamitha alisuminekhomba. Kumhlobo okhula msinya khulu, ulahlakelwa makari, ukhgona ukujamelana nombethe, kanye nesomiso. Amakaraso amarhwarhwa begodu anombala omlotha ukuya kozotho.
Amathuthumbawo anombala ohlaza satjani okurhanyazelako, atholakala aminyene hlangana namakari. Amathuthumbo la angatholakala ukusuka ngenyanga kaSewula ukuya kuSihlabantangana, kuthi iinthelo zawo zitholakale ukusuka ngoMhlolanja ukuya kuRhoboyi. Amevawo atholakala akhamba ngamabili emagatjeni, elilodwa ligobane kuthi elinye linqophile.
Ezehlakalweni zamambala kunokwenzeka bonyana imithi emidala ilobe amevayo woke. Amathuthumbawo adosa iinunwana ezinengi, kesinye isikhathi adosa amehlo weenyoni ezidla amamomori abovu amakhulu atholalakala emthini lo.
Uvamise ukuzivikela okukhulu ngokuba nameva amanengi nakasesemancani begodu kuba nzima ukuwa hlukanisa njengombana elinye liqala phambili kuthi elinye aqale emuva. Unamakari wombala ohlaza satjani okhurhanyazelako, kungebangelo ngelimi le-Afrikaans ujayeleke ngokuthi yi-Blinkblaar.
Umsebenzawo
Amagatjawo asetjenziselwa ukwakha isibaya seenkomo kuthi kesinye isikhathi kwakhiwe isibiyelo sedrada emathuneni wamalunga wemindeni. Isigodo singasetjenziselwa ukusebenza kanye nokubasa umlilo. Amakari kanye namaqolo asetjenziselwa ukulapha kanye nokususa iinhlungu ezimayelana nokuphefumula, kanye namalwelwe wesikhumba, khulukhulu isifuba kanye nokuhlangahlangana kwamathumbu. Amakari nakagayiweko angasetjenziselwa ukuvimba ukopha kwegazi. Imihlobo ethileko inekolelo yokobana umuthi lo uphephe khulu ukusetjenziselwa ukuvikela umbani.
Lapho itholakala khona
Itholakala ukusuka e-Arabia ukuya e-Western Cape.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwawo
Umuthi lo waziwa nangokuthi yi-Blinkblaar Wag-'n-bietjie okuhlathulula bonyana amakari arhanyazelako nokuthi linda isikhatjhana (shiny-leafed wait-a-while) begodu kuqaliswe emeveni womuthi agobeneko avamise ukutlhagisa ukuwanghamulula nakakubambileko.
Umhlobo lo womuthi i-Buffalo Thorn udlala indima eqakathekileko ekolelweni yamanye ama-Afrika, lapho isitjhaba samaZulu sisebenzisa khulu amagatjawo ukuthatha ummoya womuntu ohlongakeleko ukusuka ekhaya lakhe ukuya emathuneni. Nangaba basebenzisa imodere, igatjeli libekwa esihlalweni salo lilodwa bebayokufika lapho bayokungqwaba khona. Enarheni ye-Botswana kukholelwa bonyana umuthi lo uvikela ukubethwa mbani. | isiNdebele |
Ngaphandle kokulandela umthetho ukuqiniseka bona kulula kobana amapholisa abambe bakabophe abogalajani, i-National Stock Theft Prevention Unit, iphe ngenyeleliso ezilandelako ngendlela abafuyi abangazilandela ukuzivikela ebugalajaneni.
Tlhogomela Umakhiwo Wakho
Qiniseka bona ifensi kanye namasango kujame kuhle begodu qatjha umuntu ozokugadela ulungise amafensi lokha nakutlhogakalako. Faka amarempu wokukhweza iinlwane eplasini lapha ungarhoni ukugada khona akahlale alodlhelwe ukukhandela abogalajani abeba ifuyo ekuwasebenziseni.
Suss iinlwane eendleleni zomphakathi
Ifuywakho yibeke kude nendlela zomphakathi, Ifuyo edla eduze kwepata yomphakathi isengozini, njeke tjheja uyivikele. Qatjha umelusi kobana akugadele yona nanyana uthole imitjhini yokuphepha ezokuyelelisa lokha umhlambakho uthoma ukwenza into ongayizwisisiko - lokha nayetjiwako Isibonelo izokugijima, ilinga ukubalekela abogalajani.
Iba Khona
Lokha nawuthenga inarha, linga ukuthenga inarha eduze kwalapho uhlala khona ukwenzela bona kube lula ukwazi bona kwenzakalani enarhenakho. Ukungabikhona kwakho eplasini lakho kwenza bona iplasi lakho balingenele lula abogalajani.
Ungathembi Iinkhambi
Qiniseka bona wazi woke umuntu oseplasini begodu ubeke amarekhodi wemvakatjhi. Ungavumeli abantu abangasebenzi kobana bahlale eplasini lakho. Abakhambi abangena endaweni yakho nanyana iimvakatjhi kufanele zithole imvume ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yakho.
Lokha nawuqatjha abantu abatjha, bahlole kobana babuyaphi. Thola kobana kungebanga lani balise imisebenzi yabo yangaphambili begodu ubuze amapholisa -/SAPS kobana abana-criminal record.
Bambana Nomphakathi Wakho
Yenza iplasi lakho libemphakathi, ukusukela ebasebenzini bakho ukuya kilaba obatlhogomelako, yazi iingozi zokudlulisana ilwazi ngezinto ezenzeka eplasini lakho begodu uqiniseke bona basehlangothini lakho ngokutjengisa ikareko evikelwekeni leplasini labo, ukwenza Isibonelo, ukuvumela ifuyo yabo ukobana ihlangane beyidle neyakho. Woke umuntu kutlhogeka kobana ahlale atjhejile, akhulume nange kuntezinto ezingakajwayeleki ezenzekako ezingona ivikeleko lananoma ngubani eplasini.
Ungenzi into Yinye Gobe Lilanga
Yenza izinto ezihlukileko qobe malanga ukukhandela impimi kobana zitjele abogalajani kobana izinto zikhamba njani eplasineli. Njeke ungabali ifuyo yakho ngeskhathi sinye qobe lilanga begodu linga ukuya eplasini ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezihluhlahukeneko lokha nawuyokuhlola ifuyo yakho.
Tjheja
Tjheja, khulukhulu lokha inyezi nayizeleko, ngamapelaveke, ekuthomeni nekugcineni kwenyanga, ngesikhathi sakakrisimusi nanyana ngeskhathi lapha wazi khona bona ifuyo ingetjewa.
Bika khonokho emapholiseni aqale zokwetjiwa kwefuyo, lokha ifuywakho nayetjiweko nalokha kukhona abathenga iinkhumba nanyana amathambo eplasini lakho, begodu beka amarekhodi ancophileko wabantu abangathenga ifuyo msinya ngemva kokukhuluma nabo. Ilwazeli ligadangiswe ngelwazi elilethwe yi-National Stock Theft Forum.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Lokha ubulongwe bemfarigi buletha imiraro yokusilaphazeka emaplasini wemfarigi, Ungasetjenziselwa ukwenza ncono inzuzo yeplasini ngokuwusebenzisa njengesivundisi, ikhompowusti nanyana ukuletha amandla. Into yokuthoma okufanele uyikhumbule ngaphambi kokuthoma ibubulo lemfarigi, kokobana umanyoro nanyana ubulongwe babo buzokubuthwa njani. Eplasini elincani lapha iimfarigi zivunyelwe ukuzulazula, umanyoro kufanele ususwe ngeskhathi soke ukukhandela ukwakhela kwamalwelwe kanye nokusilaphazeka.
Ukuwususa ngomtjhini kubudisi lokha iimfarigi zihlala ngemahogweni. Amahogo wazo amanengi akhiwe ngendlela yokobana atjhigame kancani ukuvumela bona ubulongwe burhuthukele ngaphandle bungene emgodini lapha bubekwa khona nanyana edamini.
Umthetho Karhulumende
Kade, kwakunganamraro ukubuthelela ubulongwe ubufake edamini, kodwana amalanga la amadamu wokubeka ubulongwe kufanele alandelane, ngokomthetho, ukukhandela ukusilaphazeka kwamanzi. Amadamu akukafaneli akhiwe eduze kwalapha kuba nenkhukhula khona, neduze kwalapha kune-storm water khona.
Imvundisi
Ngokuya ngekwaka i-Danie Visser’s Modern Pig Production book, abalimi bavamise ukuhlukanisa okuqinileko nokumamanzi bese basebenzisa okumamanzi njengesivundisi ngokukurhatjha eentjalweni ezithize nanyana emadlelweni. Ukukhandela ukuvundisa khulu, imithamo yamanzi layo ifakwa ngokuya kwemfuneko zezakhimzimba zentjalwezo. Amasampula wehlabathi athathwa qobe nyaka ukuhlola ukungalinganiseki kwezakhimzimba kanye nokulungisa lokho ngaphambi kokobana kuphume elawulweni.
Bawa usosayentsi wehlabathi akuphe isiyeleliso ngaphambi kokwenza lokho, ngokobana akurhelebhe ngokuhlola inani lezakhimzimba elisebulongwenobo begodu akurhelebhe ukutlama iprogramu yokuvundisa.
Ikhompowusti
Okuqinileko kungasetjenziswa njengomthombo we-nitrogen ekhompowustini. Ukuvumela ikhompowusti kobana yakhe ukutjhisa okwaneleko kuzokurhelebha ukubulala ama-pathogen anobungozi. Indunduma yekhompowusti kufanele ihlale inobuswe kodwana ingabi manzi, ukobna ibole msinya kutlhogeka bona ihlale iphendulwa ukuqinisekisa bona kungena i-oxygen eyaneleko ekutlamekeni kwenunwana eziletha inzuzo. Iskhathi esidlekako ukuqiniseka bona ikhompowusti sele ilungele ukusetjenziswa engadini, sizokuya ngokobana ubujamo bezulu bujame njani, iinthako zekhompowusti kanye nendlela yokutlhogonyelwa kwekhompowusti.
Ikhompowusti esele ilungele ukusetjenziswa inunga inga yihlabathi, Nange inuka `kumbi, kukhona okungakalungi ngayo, funda ngokobana ikhompowustiyenziwa njani.
I-Biogas
I-bio-digester ingasetjenziswa ukutjhugulula ubulongwe befarigi bube yi-biogas, engasetjenziselwa ukupheka kanye nokutjhugulula i-biogas iyenze i-thermal energy, isibonelo ukuthelelela kanye nokutjhawara kanye negezi, esetjenziswa ukuphungula iindleko zegezi yemaplasini nanyana ithengesele be-national energy grid.
Kutlhogeka umthamo ophezulu wobulongwe bemfarigi ukukhiqiza igezi, abafuyi batlhoga ukubala umthambo wobulongwe iimfarigi ezibukhiqizako qobe yinyanga ukuqiniseka bona barhona ukubuthola qobe yinyanga enyakeni. Iindleko ziyakhuphuka nange abafuyi bathatha isiqunto sokobana bayabubeka eplasini, ngokusebenzisa amabhedri.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Remoras
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Suckerfish, Sharksucker, Gapu
Igama lesayensi
Echeneidae
Ubungako
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi alithoba, ubuncani bazo bumasenthimitha amatjhumi amane.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Umzimbayo umatsikana begodu mude. Inehloko epataleleko ebuvundla. Ilungu lokuthoma ethayangalo langemhlana lakheke ngendlela eyenza ibonakale kwanga irondo begodu inobude obubumbuke njengsitja. Incenye yomhlathi wangenzasi yide ukudlula yamgehla. Kanengi ziba nombala omnyama nomhlophe nofana imida evundlako esarulana.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Echeneidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo emine kanye nimihlobazo ebunane. Zivamise ukubambela phezu kwe-sharks, rays, turtles, bony fish, whales kanye nama-dolphins. Zisebenzisa isitho ezimunya ngaso ukubambela. Kesinye isikhathi zinokutholakala zibambele emikhunjini nofana esikepeni nofana ebantwini abatjuzako.
Ibonakala kwanga ithaya iqale phezulu ngebanga lesakhiwo sehlokwayo. Zivamise ukususa iingogwana kanye namagcikwana walapho zibambela khona. Zimhlobo obekelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iinsila ezihlubeka phezu kwesilwani ezibambela kiso. Ezinye zazo zidla uthuvi balezo ezibambela kizo.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wobujamo bezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelipholileko.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Remora (Remora linnaeus)
Striped remora (Echeneis naucrates) | isiNdebele |
Amalwelwe wokugaya kokudla ngeemathunjini akathelelani begogu avamise ukuba mphumela wokungadli kuhle. Avamise ukwenzeka khulu ngeskhathi sokobana ikomo esikazi ithole ikonyana, kodwana amalwelwe amanengi wokugaya ukudla angakhandelwa ngokobana iinkomo ziphiwe kuhle ukudla.
Amatjhwayo we-Milk Fever eeNkomeni Zebisi
I-Milk fever yenzeka lokha ikomo esikazi ithola ikonyana nanyana ngemva kwamalanga amathathu ukuya kwamane ngemva kokuthola ikonyani, eenkomeni ezikhiqiza khulu. Sjayelekile eenkomeni zomhlobo we-jersey kunakwezinye iinkomo. I-milk fever yenziwa kuncipha kwe-calcium egazini ileveli yayo ngebanga lomkhiqizo webisi.
Ngeskhathi lapha ikomo ingamunyisi khona, iinkomo zibatlhoga izinga eliphasi le-calcium nazingakabi nekonyani Ngemva kokuthola ikonyani iznga le-calcium eziyitlhogako iyakhuphuka ngebanga lomkhiqizo webisi. Nange ukudla ezikudlako kune-calcium ephasi, amathambo akhupha i-calcium. Lokha lokho kwenzeka kabuthaka, ziba nobulwelwe obubizwa bona yi-hypocalcemia (milk fever). Bubizwa gogu ngokobana yi-downer cow syndrome ngombana imisipha yeenkomo ibabuthakathaka ekwenza bona zibhambalale phasi.
Kuneegaba ezintathu ze-milk fever:
Kokuthoma, iinkomo ezibambekileko zitjengisa amatjhwayo, wokuzwela msinya, ukuthukwa, ukusikinyisa iindlebe kanye nokubhambalala.
Kwesibili, ikomo ilala phasi ibeke ihlokwayo ehlangothini.
Kwesithathu, ikomo ilala phasi ingasikinyeki lokha nayithintwako, ibe Inga iyathile ekurholela ekutheni ife.
Ukulatjhwa msinya kobulwelwe be milk fever kubalwa ukusetjenziswa kwenjekutjheni ye-Ca. Indlela zokubukhandela zenzelwe ukusetjenziswa ekomeni engamunyisiko.
Bloat/Ukuqurhelana eeNkombeni Zebisi
Bloat ukuqurhelana/- kubangelwa kuzala komoya emathunjini wekomo. Ukuvamise bona umoya lo u. Ukuqurhelana kwenzeka lokha ikomo idle amadlelo we-legume afana ne-clover kanye ne-lucerne twasahlobo. Iinkomo ezilambileko ezidla amadlelo amancani nazo zisengozini. Lokha nazidla amadlelo ekuseni asese nombethe, kanye nalokha kunomoya.
Bloat /ukuqurhelana kungakhandelwa ngokupha iinkomo ihoyi kanye ne-silage ngaphambi kokobana ziye emadlelweni. Nanyana, iinkomo kufanele zithole amadlelo msinya, isibonelo ngemva kwe-iri linye nanyana mabili kwaphela. Ukuthontisela iinkomo ngemva kokuzisenga ngesibulali magciwani emlonyeni kusetjenziswa ku- pasture-based systems e-New-Zealand. Nakungasinjalo, kufanele kufakwe i-roughage ekudleni.
Lokha iinkomo ziqurhelene begodu zigandeleleke ngokomkhumbulo, umoya kufanele ukhitjhwe ngokusebenzisa i- trocar (injekutjheni enamahlangothi amathathu ekhethekileko) nanyana injekutjheni ye-milk fever. Ihlangothi lokuhlaba lengesinceleni, ubude obungaba sisandla embanjeni zokugcina kanye nebanga elilinganako ngaphasi ekugcineni kwembambo ezifitjhani. Udorhodere weenlwane kufanele avale ukusikeka, asinikele nanyana ama-antibliotic ukukhandelaa ukuragela phambili komraro.
I-Acidosis
I- Acidosis ibangelwa kulokha iinkomo zidla ukudla ekunezinga eliphasi lemithiya (ama-roughage) kanye nama-carbonhydrates afana nesphila, ikoroyi kanye ne-barley.
Ileveli ye-asidi ekurumeni iyadluladlulana ngama-iri ayi-24. I-yenzeka lokha ileveli ye-acid aphezulu, ileveli ye-pH ingaphasi kwe-5.5 Lokhu kwenzeka lokha ukudla ezikudlako kuneleveli ephezulu yama-carbohydrates abilako (kuma-concentrates) kanye nokungabi khona kwemithiya emajadu kuma-roughage. Ngebangeli ukwetjisa kuyancipha, ekurholela ekutheni ukuthamba kwemvelo kwe-phosphorus kuphele.
Ukukhandela i-acidosis, kwenza bona ukudla ama-concentrates kunciphe kanye nokufaja imithiya emide ekudleni. Imithiya emide ekudleni igcugcuzela ukugaya kokudla ngemva kokudla. Ukufaka i- sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) ekudleni lokha nazidle ama-concentrates amanengi, lokhu kungaphungula I asidi eku-rumen.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Imbuzi ithola izakhi ezinengi lokha idla utjani begodu itlhoga kudla iskhathi esingaba ma iri ayi-6 ukuya ku – 8 (ukudla utjani) kanye nokukhambakhamba (zidla amakari).
Ukupha imbuzi zakho ukudla kugcile ekutlhogonyelweni kwahlathi ukwenzela bona ukondlela okutlhogwa silwane kwenziwe kukudla kwaso ukudla kwemvelo ngobunengi ngendlela ekungarhoneka ngayo. Lokha ikwalithi yokudla iphungukha khona ngeskhathi sesomiso umlimi utlhoga ukuzipha ukudla okungezelweleko. Ukudla kokujamiselela akujamiseleli ukudla kwemvelo okudliwa zimbuzi, kuzaliselela lokho okutjhodako.
Ukudla kwemvelo kukudla okuthengekako kweembuzi begodu inani lomkhiqizo lizokukhuphuka lokha nawufaka ukudla okujamiselelelako, kodwana ukudla kokujamiselela kuba ngokuqakatheke khulu, khulukhulu lokha imbuzi zimithi sele zizokuthola abantwana nanyana ngamalanga wokuthoma wokumunyisa. Iintlhogakalo zokudla kwembuzi eduna ephawuliweko nanyana ipongo eyomileko pheze zifane, kodwana lokha imbuzi nayi munyisako itlhogakalo yezakhi zomzimba zizokukhuphuka ngaphasendi adlula ayi-50%. (Ukudla kokujamiselela kwembuzi ephuwuliweko kuzokuba nomphumela omuhle lokha kunesomiso, nanyana lokha sele ziyokuhlatjwa.
Ukudla kokuzaliselela kufanele kufake hlangana imihlobo emine eyahlukeneko yokudla kweembuzi ukuqiniseka bona kulinganisekile. Ukungezelela, ukudla kwembuzi kutlhoga bona kumumathe amandla kanye namaprotheyini okwenza bona kubenepilo. Ngalokhu ukudla kweembuzi (cowpeas, alfalfa) kuzele amaprotheyini. Ukudla kweembuzi okubekiweko (kufanele kubekwe endaweni eyomileko ukukhandela bona kungabanjwa yisikghoro begodu kungasetjenziselwa ukupha imbuzi ngeskhathi sesomiso.
Sebenzisa i-concentrate feed, engaba yi-400 g qobe lilanga embuzini ezingasimithi esele zizidala, njengokudla kokujamiselela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemihlobo emibili ukuya kwemithathu ye-concentrate ukuqiniseka bona zithole amandla kanye namaprotheyini alingasiniweko. Kungafakwa isgobho setswayi kanye namaminerali ahlanganiswe namavithamini ukuqiniseka bona zithola amavithamini kanye namaminerali eziwatlhogako.
Ukudla kweembuzi okuzele amandla,sphila, i-barley, isphila ekwenziwa ngaso utjwala kanye nembewu ne-cotton seed oil cake meal. Hlangana nokudla kweembuzi okuzele amaprotheyini kubalwa i-soya bean meal, cottonseed oil cake meal and brewers' grains. (I-Brewer’s grains manasa asala lokha nakugayelweko)
Ukunikela imbuzi umthombo omuhle we- nitrogen kanye namandla, ungakwenza ngokuzikhothisa i-urea-molasses block. Lokhu kuzozikurhelebha bona zirhunyeze ukudla kwazo ncono, khulukhulu lokha kusikhathi sesomiso. Zibeke esimumathini esivulekileko, phezulu ingasi seflurini ukwenzela bona zoke imbuzi zizokurhona ukulikhotha lokha nazirhalelako.
Amanzi ahlwengekileko kufanele ahlale akhona nanyana ziphiwe wona okungasenani kane qobe lilanga iimumathi zamanzi kufanele zihlale zihlwengile zinganabo ubulwembu.
Ukuthola ilwazi lokobana imbuzi ziphiwa njani ukudla thinta udorhodere wakho weenlwane, nanyana umthengisi wokudla kweenlwane.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Igama
Foxtail Buffalo Grass
Igama lesi-Latin
Cenchrus ciliaris
Umsebenzabo
Kumhlobo wotjani omuhle ekudliweni ziinlwani begodu amakarawo anenambitho lomkhiqizo ophambili. Nokho inambithweli lyehla njengombana isimilwesi sikhula nje. Lo kumhlobo wotjani okungasilula ukuwuthola ehlabathini elibumba, kodwana nange uvelela khona, umila kuhle khulu.
Ihlathululo
Buphakame ngemitha yinye. Bunamarikiriki ahlala amajadu unyaka woke kanye namakari abanzi ngamamilimitha abunane. Amatlhurhelo abumbene akha isakhiwo esirondo esinamevana. Utjanobo bunambitha kamnandi begodu buthandwa ziinlwazi ezidla utjani. Amamevanabo azombelezwe ziinhlutjhwana eziphembethwa mumoya ezivami ukuphaka ukusuka emagatjenabo amafitjhani.
Indawabo
Utjanobu bumila eendaweni ezomileko, neencenyeni ezifuthumeleko. Bumila kiyo yoke imihlobo yehlabathi, kodwana bande khulu esandeni kanye nakeminye imihlobo yehlabathi eyomileko. Busabalele ngobubanzi eSewula neKabeni ye-Afrika kanye ne-Mediterranean.
Amathuthumbo nokutlhurha
Ukusuka ngenyaka kaRhoboyi ukuya kuSihlabantangana eSewula Afrika.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwabo
Mhlobo wotjani okghona ukujamelana nesomiso nekumhlobo otholakala khulu eendaweni ezingana zulu begodu imihlobo le ingeniswe ukusuka enarheni ye-Australia lapho kumadlelo aqakathekileko khona. | isiNdebele |
KWAGGA- Umnyango wezefundo eMpumalanga ngaphasi kweKwaggafontein East circuit bewunomnyanya wokunikela abonongorwana bemisebenzi emihle eyenziwe ziinkolo umnyaka odlulileko. Umnyanya lo bewubanjelwe eKwaggafontein hall mhlazana amalanga 08 kuNtaka 2019 ngelesihlanu.
Umnyanya bewukhanjele boHlokokulu, abafundisi, abaFundisi, abafundi bebanga letjhumi, abajameli beenhlangano zabafundisi, ababelethi, ojamele zesipholisa neenkhulu eziphethe zeFundo eMpumalanga. USosekethe uNom. J.L Mnguni uveze yoke imikhakha ezokwemukeliswa abonongorwana wabe wathokoza boke abadlale indima efundweni yabentwana. Kuyabonakala bonyana kunabantu abangalaliko ebusuku nabacabanga ngekusasa labentwana benarha le. Abafundisi abakhutheleko bafundisa nemidlalo ehlukahlukeneko ebafundini babo.
Beku nabonongorwana abahlukahlukaneko ekufaka hlanga umkhokha wzemidlalo nokuzithabisa, zefundo wamabanga aphasi ukuya ebangeni letjhumi nambili (12)
Umfundi weSihlengiwe uqaqade phezu kweenhloko zabafundi abangaphezu kwa 700 ngokuthi abadlule boke. Sikhuluma nje umntazanyana lo, uNokuthaba Ngwenya ufunda eWits University. Umntanabo ebekazomthathela unongorwana akangabazi bonyana nomnyaka lo unongorwana ubuyela ngakwabo. Okurare boke abantu kukuthi abonongorwanaba bathethwe bentwana ababentazana ngobunengi. Boke abafundi ebebamenyiwe bakhulume kwazala umlomo bonyana umnyakozako ngewabo nakanjani. Bakuthazwe kubona abangani babo esele baphumelele njengomfundi we Stellenbosch university uAbel Mthembu obekafunda Entokozweni Secondary School.
Iinkolo ezinengi zifumene 100% eemfundweni zamaLimi (English, IsiNdebele, IsiZulu neSePedi), Tourism ne Life Orientation. IHlomani idose phambili nga 93.3%. Entokozweni badose phambili ngabafundi abathole amaBachellors. IMgudlwa ne Marhagi zinabafundi abanengi khulu abaphumeleleko. Isikolo esibonakele siraga kuhle khulu ngemiphumela yi Mkhephuli. UNom. Mnguni uzwakele athabe khulu ngombana isekethe yakhe ikhuphuke nge 12% kusukela ngomnyaka ka 2017. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Ipisi ezotho [Hyaena brunnea]
Ukuvela Nokwakheka Kwayo
Umhlobo lo wesilwani uneendlebe eziqala thwi phezulu, imilenze enemida nesikhumba sombala ozotho okunzima namaboyana amade, kodwana inombala omhlophe entanyeni kanye nemahlombe.
Iphakame ngesilinganiso sobude obumamilimitha amakhulu abunane (800 mm) kanye nesilinganiso sobudiso obumakhilogremu amasumi amane (40 Kg). Zinomdlengo omude wombala oyiromu osuka ngemuva kwentamo ukuya hlangana namathambo wamahlombaza. Ihloko nentamo zinombalwa omlotha, kuthi iinyawo zona zande ngamabala azotho kanye namlotha.
Ukudla Idayethi
Ipisi ezotho imhlobo wesilwani esidla inyama kwaphela begodu iphila ipilo yokuzuma. Kesinye isikhathi inokungezelelala kilokho ekudlako ngokuthi idle iinunwana, amaqanda weenyoni, iinthelo zomango nofana ngokubulala iinlwanyana ezincani.
Umhlobo lo wepisi uphila ngokuzuma, kesinye isikhathi udla iinsalela zeenlwani ezidla utjani ezibulewe ngezinye iinlwani. Imihlathazo kanye namazinywazo anamandla wokuthi zikghone ukuphula bezivule amathambo amade weenlwani ezikulu ukwenzela bona zidle ummongo ongaphakathi.
Ukuzala Nokukhulisa
Umhlobo lo weempisi awunaso isikhathi esisodwa ozala ngaso, begodu isikhathi sekambiso yokumithwa kwazo simalanga amasumi alithoba (90 days). Iimpisi ezisikazi zizala idzinyana linye ukuya kamane.
Zimunyisa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka begodu amadzinyanazo ahlala ngemgodini iinyanga ezilisumi nebunane. Enyangeni yesithathu zimunyisa beziphe amadzinyanazo inyama. Iimpisi zizalwa zinemibalabala efana neyabonina kodwana zikhula ngokwaneleko ngemuva kweenyanga ezimasumi amathathu.
Ukuziphatha Kwazo
Zimhlobo ophila ngokukhamba ngokuhlukana nofana ngayinye begodu zitjhagala khulu ebusuku, emini zilala eendaweni ezimahlathi aminyeneko, emarhalawumbeni amigodi weemfarigi zomango.
Umhlobo lo weempisi zombala ozotho uvamise ukuhlala umhlambi omcani khulu ofaka hlangana amadzinyana asakhulako, kanye nelezo esele zikhulile eziduna nezisikazi. Iindawazo ziyivikela ngokubambisana kodwana azizumi zoke.
Lapho Zitholakala Khona
Enarheni ye-Sewula Afrika zitholakala emahlathini, eenkhothini, emadongeni kanye emarhalawumbeni asesewula. Ipisi isilwani esithanda ukuzifihla nokukhukhutha khulu, njengombana kuvela nokuthi ikhona neTlhagwini-Tjingalanga yePitori eentabeni ze-Magaleisbeg.
Umhlobo weempizi zombala ozotho zivamise ukubonwa magega namalwandle, lapho zidla khona ama-detritus akhafulwa lilwandle i-Atlantic Ocean. Zinjalo nje azizwani nokuhlala eendaweni lapho kwande khona umhlobo weempisi onamacatjhaza nofana amabala. | isiNdebele |
Ngeminyaka yabo-1550 uMalandela, ekwakuyikosi enesitjhaba esincani, wanzinza endundumeni yeMandawe esemadwaleni womlambo uMhlatuze, ngaphambi kokobana ungene eNkwaleni. Yena namadodanakhe amabili uQwabe kanye noZulu, egade ngokuya ngokwamasiko akhulunywa ngomlomo, gade bahlala balwa.
Njeke uMalandela wathumela uQwabe kobana ayokuhlala ngale komlambo, ndawana thize eduze kwendawo esele ibizwa bona seMpangeni kwanjesi, uZulu wathunyelwa kobana ayokuhlala esifundeni esisepumalanga komlambo uMfolozi. Iskhathi nasele silungile abantwana bomuntwaba batjhuguluka baba zinkoro ezihlukeneko begodu bobabili balotjha nanyana bakhonza ikosi uMthethwa, egade kuyikosi enamandla khulu esifundeni.
Ukuyela ekupheleni kweminyaka yabo-18th century, uDingiswayo waba ikosi yabaThethwa. Njengesokana, kwatlhogeka kobana abaleke khulu, ngebanga lokobana uyie amsolela kobana gade aleya amano wokumketula. UDingiswayo wakhamba isifundesa soke kwanjesi esele saziwa ngokobana yiKwaZulu-Natal.
Lokha nakasakhamba khambako, ibhudango lakhe lanaba wathoma wangenela iindaba zokurhweba, egade sele kukhula kancani kancani ku-theku yamaputukezi ebizwa bona yi-Delagoa Bay, lapha ezwa khona bona uyise uhlongakele, wabuyela emva ekhabo ngepera, aphethe isigidi, ayokuthatha ubukhosi bakaMthethwa.
UDingiswayo kade ayikosi enamandla tle, eyabona iphaliswano lenarha kanye nensetjenziswa zemvelo sele lilimbi khulu, begodu nerhono lakhe lokobana arhwebelane namaPotukezi lamlethela inzuzo.
Njeke wabona bona ukutlama amabutho wakaMthethwa kuwakathekile begodu baba benengi abafuna ukumlandela. Kuze kufike ekugcineni, wahlanganisa ngepumelelo iinqhema ekhabe zihlukahlukeneko ekhabe zimhlonipha zaba siqhema sinye, godu wayethatha neqhemezi azihlule epini ezifake estjhabeni sakhe.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana | isiNdebele |
ABOMMA ABASEBANTAZANA NOKUMUNYISA
Njengomma osemncani, kungenzeka uzibuze bona uzomkghona na umntwana lo, ukumunyisa nokubuyela esikolweni ngasikhathi sinye. Ukumunyisa kubulula, kuyindlela ethabisako kuwe nemntwanenakho yokuthi nazane. Nanyana ngikuphi ukumunyisa ibele kungcono kunokungamunyisi unomphela.
UKUMUNYISA IBELE KUQAKATHEKILE KIBOMMA ABASEBANTAZANA
Ukuba ngumma kuza nomsebenzi omnengi – ukumunyisa kuwenza ube lula umsebenzi loyo begodu akubizi nemali.
Abantwana abamunyako abagulaguli – abatshwenyi, akukavami ukubasa etlinigi namkha ukuthi ulove esikolweni namkha ukhumbule abangani.
Ukumunyisa kukwenza kube lula ukuzwisisa umntwanakho nokumqinisekisa njengombelethi.
Ukumunyisa kuyaqinisekisa tle: ungakwenza kwenye nenye indawo, ngananyana ngisiphi isikhathi begodu ibisi lakho lihlala lifuthumele ngendlela efaneleko.
Ukuya esikhathini kuba yimvela kancani nawumunyisa kanengi, begodu umzimba uyazehlela ngokwemvelo.
UMUTJHA EKUMUNYISENI
Ungahle ungaqiniseki bona uhlela ukumunyisa isikhathi esingangani. Kuzame emalangeni namkha eemvekeni ezimbalwa.
Ukumunyisa angekhe kubangele amabele bona alenge – amabelakho azabe sewatjhugulukile endleleni ebekaqaleka ngayo nobukhulu bawo hlangana nokuzithwala.
Khuluma nomngani namkha othileko omthembako owabamunyisa ibele ngokuphumelelako abantwana bakhe.
Ukumunyisa akukafaneli kube buhlungu – bawa isizo nangabe ukumunyisa kubudisi namkha kubuhlungu. Ukumunyisa usebujamweni obunethezekileko begodu uyifake ngokupheleleko ingono ngemlonyeni womntwana kungenza iingono zingabi buhlungu.
Njengombana umntwana amunya kanengi, kulapho nawe uzokukhiqiza ibisi elaneleko. Vumela umntwanakho amunye kanengi ngendlela afuna ngayo begodu uziphe isikhathi esaneleko sokwazana nesana lakho.
UKUBUYELA ESIKOLWENI
Nangabe uqunta ukubuyela esikolweni, zama ukulinda bekube kulapho umntwanakho sekadlulile ekubeni lisana. Umntwanakho uzowujwayela umzombe lo begodu kuzokuba bulula nokuhlela ilanga lakho.
Nangabe ukhetha ukuraga nokumunyisa lokha nawubuya esikolweni, ungasenga ibisi bese ulitjhiya naloyo ozabe atlhogomela umntwanakho. Ungathoma ukwenze lokhu eemvekeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubuyela esikolweni.
Ziphe isikhathi sokuba nomntwanakho ekhaya nakuphuma isikolo, uziphe nesikhathi sokufunda nesokuba nabangani.
Ukuba nomntwana nokuya esikolweni kuzokuba bulula ngokukhamba kwesikhathi.
Abomma abanengi abasebancani balahlekelwa ngabanye babangani babo umntwana nakafika kodwana benza abanye abangani njengombana isikhathi sikhamba. Hlangana nabanye abomma namkha abangani abazokusekela. | isiNdebele |
Umbhino, ingoma kanye nokugida sele kudlale indima eqakathekileko empilweni zamaZulu, kungasisemuntwini munye kwaphela, kodwana emphakathini woke.
Ukugida kusukela kade kuqakathekile ekuhlanganiseni abantu, khulukhulu lokha abantu nabagandeleleke ngokomkhumbulo, nabathabileko, nalokha nakunetjhuguluko, ukwenza isibonelo, ngaphambi kwezipi, emitjhadweni kanye nalokha nakwenziwa iminyanya eqakathekileko yetjhuguluko lokha nakungenwa esigabeni esitjha sepilo nanyana esiqhemeni.
Iinsetjenziswa zombhino, gade zingasetjenziswa, lokha amaZulu nakagidako, begodu nesigubhu naso kade singasetjenziswa kwezinye iinqhema. Ngembala, isigubhu esaziwako ekhabe sisetjenziswa kade kuziNgungu, nanyana idromo eyipoto ekhabe yenziwa ngokulula isiqephu sesikhumba sembuzi basibeke phezu kwembiza bese sibethwa ngezandla.
Kusukela emarikhodini akhona, kuvela bona isigubhu, nanyana idromu yeplanka, ejwayelekileko emaZulwini namhlanje, nekuthiwa yakotjwa, kibomakhelwani babo ababebamaThonga.
AmaZulu anezinto zokudlala umbhino ezinengi ekubalwa hlangana nazo i-uGubu, ekuyirhabha elihlanganiswe nomqibilitjholo, nelaziwa khulu. Ukugida kwahlale kuyinto ekhamba phambili emaphilweni wamaZulu, begodu kunenkhathi ezinengi epilweni yamaZulu lapha kugidwa khona eminyanyeni eqakathekileko.
Ukwenza Isibonelo, lokha umsana nanyana umntazana afika esigabeni sokukhula, kuqulwa iingoma ezithize, eziqulwa kubhinwa. Into efanako nalokha nakunomtjhado, lokha nabaqeda ukulobolisana kubonakala ngokobana kubenephaliswano lokugida eliyincenye eqakathekileko emtjhadweni.
Khulukhulu kade, lokha ukuzuma nakade kusenziwa, ukugida kwenziwa godu ngaphambi kokobana kuzunywe. Ngaphambi kokobana amadoda akhambe ayokuzuma, amadoda gade ahlanganyela esibayeni senkomo, lapha gade agida khona, azigabisa ngerhono labo lokuzuma ngokobana bazokwenzani, nokobana bazokuba nesibindi kangangani lokha nabayokuzuma.
Ngendlela le, gade baba namafulufulu begodu balinde okukhulu. Into egade ikarisa khulu lokha nakugida amaZulu kulokha nasele kugida ikosi ivunule ngevunulo yayo yoke ngaphambi kwepi kanye nokugida ekhabe kwenziwa lobe yak esigodlweni ngemva komnyanya wokuvunwa kwenthelo wokuthoma.
Amajoni gade igida ngendlela etjengisa amandla, akhambisana, abetha inyawo ngesikhathi sinye begodu kutjengisa bona azilungiselele kuhle. Ukuwabona agida ngendlela le sele avunule nevunulo yawo gade kukarisa khulu.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Indawo yomile utjhontjhwani womele amanzi khulu. Waya emlanjeni wayokusela bewakhamba. Utjhontjhwani usindisa izuba.
Umntazanyana omncani ufuna ukufana notitjhere wakhe.
Indatjana imayelana nekomo ethandwako emndenini.
UPalesa ukhuluma nemithi, utjani namathuthumbo.
UNonkungu bekayokuvakatjhela umalume wakhe. Unina wamnikela isikerde esifakwe umncamo kobana asembathe. Endleleni wahlangana nomntazana owabawa uNokungu kobana amboleke isikerde sakhe esihle khulu.
Lokha umqasa usalele ngaphasi komuthi wamahabhula, ihabhula lawena phasi. Khona lapho umqasa wezwa ilizwi lirhuwelela “Baleka mqasa baleka!”
Umntwana wendlovu bekanemibuzo ngezinto zoke, okufaka hlangana nokuthi igulukudela lidla ini entambama.
Indatjana imayelana nabentwana beenlwana abahlengiweko abafika eentandanini. Iinlwanyana lezi zitlhogonyelwa mumuntu okhethekileko nethimba lakhe.
Umma akekho, ubaba upheka umdoko wekuseni.
UMaguru ucabanga ukunikela zoke iimbandana imileze ukuze zithabele ukukhamba zifane nabantu. | isiNdebele |
IPILO NOMSEBENZI WOBUKRESTU—IHLELO LOMHLANGANO WEBANDLA Novemba 2017
Itjumayelo esibonelo yesiThala nokufundisa iqiniso ngebizo lakaZimu. Sebenzisa iimbonelwezi bona uzenzele iintjumayelo zakho.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWI LAKAZIMU
Kutjho ukuthini ukufuna uZimu? Khuyini esingayifunda kuma-Israyeli abhalelwe kufuna uJehova?
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Ungawenza njani amabuyelo ngokuphumelelako? Hlala ubuyela ebantwini ococe nabo, yiba nomnqopho ngevakatjho ngalinye, hlala ukhumbula umnqophwakho.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Ukulandisa kwakaJona kuveza ukuthi uJehova uZimu akasilahli nasenza imitjhapho, kodwana ulindele bona sifunde kiwo.
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Ukuzindla ngezinto uJona aqalana nazo kungasisiza ukuthi sikghone ukuqalana nokudana, ukulungisa umbono ongasimuhle ngabantu esibatjhumayezako, nokufumana induduzo ngomthandazo.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Ukulotjha kwethu uZimu kuhlangana nanjani nobuhlobo bethu nabafowethu nabodade esikholwa nabo?
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Ukutjhatjalaliswa kwamaJuda yiBhabhiloni bekubonakala ngasuthi angeze kwenzeka. Nanyana kunjalo, isiphorofido besizokuzaliseka begodu uRhabakhukhu bekufuze ahlale aphapheme.
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Amatjhuguluko nakaphazamisa ukulotjha kwethu uJehova uZimu, begodu athikazise isingani sethu naye, khuyini ezosisiza sihlale siphapheme begodu sikhuthele ezintweni zakaZimu? | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA No. 6 2017 | Ngisiphi Isipho Esizidlula Zoke?
UNGATHINI?
Akhesithi uZimu ukupha isipho, bewungathanda akupheni?
“Zoke izipho ezilungileko nazo zoke iimphiwo ezipheleleko zivela phezulu; zehla zivela kuBaba wokukhanya okungekho kuye ukuhlanuka ngitjho nesithunzi esitjhugulukako.”—Jakopo 1:17.
Isihloko sesiThalesi sisisiza sithokoziswe sisipho sakaZimu esizidlula zoke.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Awukhanuki na ukupha umuntu isipho isizomthinta ihliziyo, namkha kubenguwe owamukela isipho esinjalo?
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Ukufunana nesipho esizokuthinta umuntu ihliziyo akusilula, begodu kuzokuya nangomuntu ophiwako bonyana uzizwa njani ngesophweso.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Eziphweni zoke uZimu azipha abantu, kukhona isizidlula zoke njalo.
UJesu uvezwe emisebenzini eminengi khulu yeengkghwari emakhulwini weminyaka eyadlulako. Alo imiTlo ithini ngokuqaleka kwakaJesu?
Ingasaphathwa yeminyaka namkha ilemuko, kodwana soke siyayenza imitjhapho. Alo singaqalana nayo njani?
Iphuzu lendaba le ngilo elizokusiza uzwisise isizathu sokutjhugululwa kwamaBhayibheli ahlukahlukeneko la.
Abangani bakaJesu bebamgidinga na uKresmusi?
Ibizo elithi Arimagedoni liyathusa tle, kodwana kuhlekhuhle litjho ukuthini?
Okungezikweko Ongakusebenzisa Ku-Inthanethi
Abantu abanengi bayamgidinga uKresimusi ngaphezu kobana bazi ngomsuka wawo. Fumana bona kubayini aboFakazi bangamgidingi. | isiNdebele |
Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Galjoen
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Black fish, Black bream
Igama lesayensi
Dichistiidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi abunane, ezincani khulu ngezimasenthimitha amatjhumi amane.
Ikambiso yokufanisa
Inomzimba pheze wesakhiwo samahlangothi alingana woke. Inehloko ekulu kanye nomsila omfitjhani. Izitho ethaya ngazo zinamathanjana abonakala khudlwana. Inomlonyana omncani kanye namazinyo akheke njengesikero. Ikghona ukutjhugulula umbala msinya ukusuka konzima hlangana namatje nofana amadwala kuthi esandeni ibanombala osiliva okuvangene noyibhronsi eendaweni ezinesanda.
Ilwazi elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Dichistiidae wakhiwe ngomukhakhawo owodwa kanye nemihlobawo emibili. Ilitshwayo lemfesi enarheni yeSewula Afrika. Ifesi le ebonakala kwanga inebhande yincani. Itholakala emanzini akhambako eduze neemilo zangaphakathi kwelwandle nofana emadwaleni. Imthayi osezingeni eliphezulu. Kumhlobo wefesi edume khulu ebathiyini bemfesi. Iyatholakala nemanzini ahlanzekileko. Zimhlobo obekelelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners)
Ukudla kwazo
Iphila ngokudla umhlobo weemfesi ezincani kanye neenlwanyana zomhlobo weemfesi ezibizwa ngama-crustaceans ngokuthi izimunyele ngendeni. Idla iinlwanyana zomhlobo onganamgogodlha, mussels, barnacles kanye nama-redbait.
Ukusabalala kwazo
Zitholakala esewula pumalanga ye-Atlantic kanye neSewula Afrika kwaphela.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Galjoen
Dichistius capensis
Banded galjoen
Coracinus multifasciatus
Galjoen
Dichistius capensis | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Juni 2017
IsiThalesi sineenhloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngoJulayi 31 ukuya ku-Arhostesi 27, 2017.
Uzifundile na IinThala zamva nje? Mingakhi imibuzo ekhambelana neBhayibheli ongayiphendula?
Ngiziphi iintjhijilo amaKrestu angahlangabezana nazo emtjhadweni namkha emndenini? Nakwenzeka uqalane neentjhijilo ezinjalo ungakufumana njani ukududuzwa nguZimu?
Ngiwaphi amagugu ekufuze sizibingele wona, singawabinga njani?
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi aboFakazi bakaJehova nababekezelela indoda engafuni abantu nemadlhanadhlana ehlala endleleni?
Abantu batlhoga ukuthula ngendlela erarako. Nanyana kunjalo kanengi abantu nabaqalene nobujamo obubudisi, basesikundleni esiphezulu namkha bazikhakhazise, bese lokho kubabangele ukuthi benze izinto endlela enganakuthula. Ungakubalekela njani ukwenza njalo?
UDavida wakwa-Israyeli yekadeni wakhuluma amezwi la abuka u-Abigeyili. Yini eyatjhukumisa uDavida bona ambuke, begodu thina sifundani esibonelweni sakhe?
Ngiyiphi kanti ipikiswano ekulu neqakathekileko ebantwini boke? Begodu wena kubayini kufuze ukuzwisise lokho?
Uba kuphi umahluko umuntu nakalemukako bona uJehova unelungelo lokubusa iphasi nezulu?
Singatjho na sithi abarhwebi ebebathengisa iinlwana ethempelini leJerusalema ‘babadlelezeli’? | isiNdebele |
Ingilozi uGabriyeli yathunyelwa emfazini osesemutjha olungileko ibizo lakhe elinguMariya. Wamtjela bonyana uzokuba nomntwana ozokubusa njengekosi ngokungapheliko. Umntwana loyo, uJesu, wabelethelwa esitalini lapho abalusi bamvakatjhela khona. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ikwekwezi yanqophisa amadoda avela ePumalanga aya emntwaneni omncani loyo. Siyafunda bonyana ngubani owawabangela bona abone ikwekwezi le, nokobanyana uJesu waphulukiswa bunjani kilabo egade balinga ukumbulala.
Ngokulandelako sifumana uJesu akhuluma nabafundisi etempeleni, gade aneemnyaka eyi-12 ubukhulu. Eemnyakeni eyitjhumi nobunane ngemva kwalokho uJesu wabhabhadiswa, begodu wathomisa umberego wokutjhumayela ngoMbuso nokufundisa ngalokho uZimu amthumela bona akwenze ephasini. Ukwenzela ukumrhelebha ngomberego lo, uJesu wakhetha amadoda ayi-12 wawenza abapostoli bakhe.
UJesu godu wenza iimangaliso ezinengi. Wasuthisa abantu abayikulungwana ngeemfesi ezincani kwaphela namalofu woburotho amancancani. Waphulukisa abagulako wavusa ngitjho nabahlongakeleko. Emaswapheleni, sifunda ngezinto ezinengi ezenzeka kuJesu hlangana namalangakhe wamaswaphela wokuphila, nendlela abulawa ngayo. UJesu watjhumayela iimnyaka eemthathu nesiquntu, ngalokho INGCENYE 6 ihlanganisa isikhatjhana esingaphezu kweemnyaka eyi-34.
ENGCENYENI LE
Funda Okungeziweko
IINDABA EZIMNANDI EZIVELA KUZIMU!
Funda ukuthi uJesu wafelani, siyini isihlengo, nokuthi wenzani nje. | isiNdebele |
Umuntu nakazakukhamba emthethweni kaJehova kufuze azithobe lokha uZimu nakamnqophisako. EBhayibhelini sineembonelo ezinengi ezihle zalabo abalalela umthetho kaJehova bebamthemba njengomrhubi.
Umuntu uthaba kwamambala lokha nakakhamba emthethweni kaZimu
119:1-8
UJotjhuwa wathembela ngokupheleleko esinqophisweni sakaJehova. Bekazi kuhle bona nakazakuthaba bekaphumelele kufuze athembele kuJehova ngehliziywakhe yoke
IliZwi lakaZimu lisenza sibe nesibindi sokuqalana neenlingo zepilo
119:33-40
UJoromiya waba nesibindi begodu wathembela kuJehova ngeenkhathi ezibudisi. Bekanganandleko ezinengi, bewakghodlhelela esabelweni sakhe
Ilwazi elinembileko leliZwi lakaZimu lisenza sizithembe lokha nasitjhumayelako
119:41-48
UPowula bekangakusabi ukutjhumayela umlayezo kaZimu kinanyana ngubani. Bekamthemba ngokupheleleko uJehova bona amsize atjhumayele ngesibindi kuMbusi uFeliksi
Kungaphasi kwabuphi ubujamo esingatjengisa isibindi nasitjhumayela kwabanye?
Esikolweni
Emsebenzini
Emndenini
Kwabanye | isiNdebele |
“Bengizitjela ukuthi kubudisi ukufunda iBhayibheli.”—Jovy
“Bengizitjela ukuthi kuyadondisa ukufunda iBhayibheli.”—Queennie
“Nangibona indlela iBhayibheli iyikulu ngakhona bengivele ngidonde.”—Ezekiel
Wakhe walisa ukufunda iBhayibheli ngebanga lokuthi uzizwa njengabantu abangehlaba? Abantu abanengi kuyabadondisa ukufunda iBhayibheli. Kodwana uzokwenzani nawungafumana bona yona iBhayibheli le ingakusiza uphile ipilo ethabisako neyanelisako? Ungathini nawungafumana bona kuneendlela ongazisebenzisa bona uthabele ukulifunda? Ungazimisela na ukuthatha isikhathi sakho ubone ukuthi iBhayibheli lingakusiza njani?
Akhuqale okutjhiwo babantu abakufumene kuzuzisa ukufunda iBhayibheli.
U-Ezekiel oneminyaka engaba ma-20 uthi, “Ekuthomeni, benginjengomuntu otjhayela ikoloyi angazazi bona uyaphi. Kodwana ukufunda iBhayibheli kungisize ngaba nehloso yokuphila. Lineenqophiso engingazisebenzisa qobe langa.”
U-Frieda naye oseminyakeni ema-20 uthi, “Bengimumuntu othanda ukuphikisa. Kodwana ngokufunda iBhayibheli ngafunda ukuzibamba. Lokho kwenza bona kube lula ukukhuluma nami, sikhuluma nje sele nginabangani abanengi.”
Umma oseminyakeni yama-50 u-Eunice uthi, “IBhayibheli lingisiza ngibe nobuntu obuhle, lingisiza ngilwisane nemikghwa ebenginayo engasimihle.”
Abantwaba kuhlanganise namamiliyoni wabanye babonile ukuthi ukufunda iBhayibheli kungakusiza uphile ipilo ethabisako. (Isaya 48:17, 18) Hlangana nokhunye iBhayibheli engakwenzela khona, (1) ingakusiza ukhethe kuhle, (2) ukhethe abangani abahle, (3) uqalane nokugandeleleka ngokuphumeleleko, okhunye (4) ingakufundisa iqiniso ngoZimu. Iinqophiso eziseBhayibhelini zivela kuZimu yeke angekhe kwakukhambela kumbi nawuzilandela. UZimu angeze avuke aphe isiyeleliso esimbi.
Okuqakathekileko kukuthi uthome nje ukufunda iBhayibheli. Ngiziphi iimphakamiso onikelwe zona ezingenza uthande ukufunda iBhayibheli? | isiNdebele |
U-Izabeli bekanendodakazi, ibizo layo kungu-Ataliya, begodu beyikhohlakele ifuze unina. U-Ataliya lo bekatjhade nekosi yakwaJuda. Kuthe indodakwakhe nayihlongakalako, indodanakhe yathoma ukubusa. Kodwana ngemva kokuhlongakala kwendodanakhe, u-Ataliya wazenza umbusi wakwaJuda. Walinga ngamandla ukubulala woke umuntu webukhosini, khona kungeze kwaba nomuntu ozamehlisa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Wabulala ngitjho neenzukulwana zakhe. Akunamuntu ebekangamsabi.
UMphristi oPhakemeko uJehojada nomkakhe uJehotjheba, bebazi kuhle bona into eyenziwa ngu-Ataliya ayikalungi nakancani. Babeka amaphilwabo engozini ngokuthi bafihle isizukulwana saka-Ataliya, ebesinguJowatjhi ibizo laso. Bamkhulisela ethempelini.
UJowatjhi nakahlanganisa iminyaka elikhomba, uJehojada wabiza woke amakhosana namaLevi, wathi kibo: ‘Jamani eminyango yethempeli begodu ningavumeli namunye angene.’ Ngemva kwalokho uJehojada wenza uJowatjhi bona abeyikosi yakwaJuda wambeka nesihlohlo ehloko. Abantu bakwaJuda bathokoza bathi: ‘Bayede! Ikosi ayisiphilele!’
Indlovukazi u-Ataliya nayizwa itjhada elenziwa babantu, yagijimela ethempelini. Kuthe nayibona ikosi etja, yakhihla isililo yathi: ‘Amano! Amano wami!’ Amakhosana ambamba, akhamba naye ayombulala. Kodwana kuthiwani ngomoya wekohlakalo ebesele awufake esitjhabeni?
UJehojada wasisiza isitjhaba ngokuthi enze isivumelwano noJehova, esivumelwaneneso abantu bathembisa ukuthi bazokulotjha uJehova yedwa. UJehojada wabayala bona batshidlhe ithempeli lakaBhali kuhlanganise neethombe ebezikhulekelwa. Wabeka abaphristi namaLevi bona basebenze ethempelini khona abantu bazokwazi ukuyokulotjha khona godu. Wabeka nabalindi bona bagade amayege wethempelini ukwenzela bona kungangeni muntu ongakahlanzeki ngaphakathi. Nasele aqedile, uJehojada namakhosana bathatha uJowatjhi batjhinga naye esigodlweni bambeka esihlalweni sobukhosi. Abantu bakwaJuda bathaba kwamambala. Besele bakwazi ukukhulekela uJehova, batjhaphulukile egandelelweni laka-Ataliya begodu balisa nokulotjha uBhali. Uyabona ukuthi isibindi sakaJehojada sasiza abantu abanengi kangangani?
“Ningabesabi labo ababulala umzimba babhalelwe mphefumulo. Kungcono nesabe loyo okghona ukubhubhisa umphefumulo nomzimba.”—Matewu 10:28 | isiNdebele |
OMUNYE umfazi uthe nakathi uvula umnyango, nasi isiphuthelwana phambi komnyango. Asithathe, aqale ngapha nangapha, athole kulila unombhonge endleleni. Imvakatjhi ezingaziwakwezi zize ebusuku zatjhiya isiphuthelwanesi. Asivule-ke isiphuthelwana, asibone, afese angene ngendlini msinya, avale umnyango. Lokho akurari nakancani! Isiphuthelwanesi ngeseencwadi zeBhayibheli ezingakavunyelwa bona zifundwe enarheni leyo. Ngemva kokuthola isiphuthelwanesi, uzakutjho umthandazo omfitjhani, athokoze uJehova ngokudla okuligugu okungokomoya.
Izehlakalwezi bekuyinto yangamalanga eJarimani ngabo-1930. Ngemva kokuhlonywa kwehlangano yamaNazi, umsebenzi waboFakazi bakaJehova wakhandelwa enarheni yoke. “Besiqiniseka kwamambala ukuthi isibikezelo sakaJehova angekhe sikhandelwe mumuntu bona singenzeki,” kutjho uRichard Rudolph, esekaneminyaka engaphezu kwelikhulu. * “Okuqakatheke khulu bekuziincwadi zeBhayibheli ebezisiza ekufundeni nekonzwenethu. Nanyana kunjalo, bezingasatholakali bulula ngombana bezikhandelwe. Besizibusa bona umsebenzethu lo uzokuragwa njani.” URichard weza neplani engakajayeleki yokobana kuragwe umsebenzi lo. Iplani leyo bekukukhukhuthisa iincwadi kukhanjwa eentabeni.—Khk. 9:36.
KUKHANJWA EMITLHALENI YABAKHUKHUTHISI
Newukhamba magega nomlambo i-Elbe (namkha i-Labe) uzokufika eeNtabeni eziPhakemeko (eKrkonoše), ezisemkhawulweni ohlukanisa iCzech Republic nePoland. Nanyana iintabezo zimakhilomitha ayi-1 600, zibizwa ngokuthi sihlengele se-arctic esiphakathi kweYurophu. Ligabhoga belikhithize irhwaba elitjhinga ngamamitha amathathu ukuya phasi esiqongolweni seentabezi, likhithike pheze isiquntu somnyaka. Abanganandaba nobujamo bezulobu obutjhugutjhugulukako bangazifumana bakhamba ekungwini ekhasa phasi egcina sele ivale iintlhori zeentaba.
Sekumakhulu weminyaka iintabezi zimkhawulo ongokwemvelo ohlukanisa iimfunda, iingodi, nemibuso. Indawo erarejako le akusibulula ukuyigada, yeke ngaphambilini, abantu abanengi bebakhukhuthisa intundu yemithwalo bayise ngale kweentaba. Ngabo-1930, iiNtaba eziKulwezi ebezihlukanisa iCzechoslovakia neJarimani, zasiza aboFakazi bona basebenzise imitlhala yabakhukhuthisi le. Bona-ke bebakhukhuthisa ini? Bebakhukhuthisa iincwadi zeBhayibheli ebebazithola zibalindile. URichard ebekaseselisokana ngesikhatheso bekangomunye wabo.
IKHAMBO ELIYINGOZI “LOKUDUNDUBALA EENTABENI”
“Ngeempelaveke, besithi nesikhambako sitjhinga eentabeni simbathe njengabakhweli beentaba,” kukhumbula uRichard. “Nesisuka eJarimani, bekusithatha ama-awara amathathu woke bona sirabhule eentabenezi besiyokuthi khithi eŠpindlerův Mlýn, eyindawo ethanda ukuvakatjhelwa babantu ekude ngamakhilomitha angaba yi-16.5 newusuka eCzech. Ngesikhatheso, manengi amaJarimani ebekahlala endaweni leyo. Omunye wabo bekumlimi owavuma ukusebenzisana nabazalwana. Bekanekoloyana edoswa ziimpera ebekathutha ngayo iinthekeli, athuthe namabhoksi weencwadi edorhobeni eliseduze, eze ngesitimela avela ePrague. Yena-ke bekazisa eplasinakhe, afese azifihle ngefolitjhini, zilinde abazozithutha bazise eJarimani.
URichard uyanaba: “Sizathi nesifika eplasinelo sizizalise swi iinkhwama ezibhejulwako, ebezenzelwe bona zithwale umthwalo obudisi. Ngamunye wethu bekabhebhula amakhilogremu angaba ma-50.” Ukwenzela bona bangasolwa, bebakhamba ngobusuku, basuke ilanga nelitjhingako, bafike ngamathathakusa. U-Ernst Wiesner, ebekambonisi wesifunda eJarimani ngesikhatheso, nekahlathulula ngokuqiniseka kokuphepha kwabo, uthi: “Bekukhamba abazalwana ababili phambili, nekungenzeka bahlangane nomuntu, bebatjengisana ngokukhanyisa amatotjhabo. Lokho bekutjela abazalwane abatjathe imithwalo ebebakhamba emva ngamamitha ama-100 bona babhace, bekube kulapho abazalwanaba babuyela kibo babenzele itshwayo elithileko, nalo ebelisolo litjhentjhwa iveke neveke.” Bekungasimapholisa weJarimani kwaphela ayingozi, wonake aziwa ngezembatho ezihlaza kwesibhakabhaka.
“Ngobunye ubusuku, bengisebenze isikhathi esijana,” kukhumbula uRichard, “yeke ngasuka muva abazalwana sebakhambile. Bekumnyama, ikungu ikhasa phasi, ngapha ngiqhaqhazeliswa kurithwa lizulu elikhamba negabhogo phakathi. Ngathi nengifika ngemithini yamaphehlo ngalahleka into engaziwako, kwafuze ngizumane nendlela ubusuku boke. Inengi labakhweli beentaba lihlongakala kunje. Kwasa sengihlangana nabanakwethu babhula umbethe sebabuyela emva ekuseni.”
Kwaba minyaka emithathu yoke isiqhema sabazalwana abanesibindi sikhamba eentabeni qobe veke. Ebusika, abazalwana bebabeka imithwalo eyigugu leyo phezu kweplanka elidoswa erhwabeni. Ngezinye iinkhathi, abazalwana abakhamba ngesiqhema sabama-20 bebayama umkhawulo ilanga libalele, bakhamba emtlhaleni wabakhweli bentaba. Bebabonakala kwanga babakhweli bentaba abanganangozi, kwesinye isikhathi nabodade bakhambe nabo. Abanye bebakhamba phambili, nekunengozi abayisolako baphose iingwani zabo phezulu.
Bekwenzekani-ke ngemva kokubuya ekhambweni lobusuku boke? Bekwenziwa amalungiselelo wokobana zoke iincwadezo zikhanjiswe zisiwe ebantwini. Bebakwenza bunjani lokho? Indlela iincwadezi ebeziphuthelwa ngayo wena bewungathi kuphuthelwe isibha, kanti awa ziincwadi ezizokukhwezwa esitimeleni eHirschberg. Iimphuthelwanezi bezithunyelwa eendaweni ezihlukahlukeneko eJarimani, okukulapho-ke abanakwethu nabodade abazaziphekelela kilabo abakholwa nabo njengombana kutjhiwo ngehla. Ekuthomeni bekunethungelelwano lokukhukhuthisa ebelingathi nelingavezwa lifake abantu kwelimagade ahlabako. Nangambala, lafika elingaliko lapho izinto ezakhamba maphorodlha khona.
Ngo-1936, kwavunjululwa idepho yeencwadi hlanu kweBerlin. Phakathi kokhunye okuvunjululiweko bekuneephuthelwana ezintathu ezivela emntwini ongaziwako eHirschberg. Amapholisa ahlaziya isandla sakamzalwana otlole iimphuthelwanezi, bamfumana umzalwana loyo bewalilelwa ziinsimbi. Ngemva kwalokho, godu kwabanjwa abanye ababili, uRichald Rudolf bekangomunye wabo. Ngebanga lokuthi abanakwethwaba bayivuma imilandu ababekwe yona, abanye khenge batholake, kunalokho baragela phambili nokwenza umsebenzi oyingozi loyo wokukhukhuthisa iincwadi.
ESIKUFUNDA ENDABENI LE
Iincwadi zeBhayibheli ebezilethwa ngeenkhwama ezibhejulwako, zikhukhuthiswe eeNtabeni eziPhakemeko, ziyinto eqakatheke khulu kiboFakazi beJarimani. Nanyana kunjalo, iiNtaba eziPhakemeko bezingasi kuphela kwendlela ebeyisetjenziselwa ukukhukhuthisa iincwadi. Bekube ngu-1939, lokha amajoni weJarimani nasahlela iCzechoslovakia, kwaba neendlela ezinengi ezimagega nomkhawulo wenarha leyo. Kwezinye iinarha ezisemkhawulweni weJarimani, ezinjengeFrance, iNetherlands, neSwitzerland, aboFakazi bebafaka ipilwabo engozini bona banikele abazalwana abatlhoriswakwaba ukudla okungokomoya.
Inengi lethu namhlanjesi lizifumana bulula iincwadi zeBhayibheli ngamahlelo ahlukahlukeneko. Kungakhathaliseki bona uyifumana eWolweni lomBuso namkha kuZinzolwazi i-jw.org, kubayini ungakhe khewuhlale phasi ucabange ngokuthi ingangani imizamo eyenziweko bona wena ufumane incwadi le? Iye khona kuliqiniso bona akhenge kube budisi njengokurabhula iintaba ezivalwe ligabhogo ebusuku, kodwana abanakwenu basebenze kabudisi khulu bona uthole incwadi leyo.
^ isig. 3 Bekakhonza eHirschberg, eBandleni eliseSilesia. Okwanje idorobha leHirschberg selibizwa ngokobana yiJelenia Góra, eseSewulatjingalanga nePoland. | isiNdebele |
Uzokusabela Njani Esiphweni SakaZimu Esikhamba Phambili? “lthando lakaKrestu liyasiraga ngombana siyakholelwa bona munye owafela boke, nje-ke boke bafile. Wafela boke ukuze kuthi labo abaphilako bangasaziphileli bona, kodwana baphilele yena owabafelako.”—2 Korinte 5:14, 15.
ISIPHO ESIHLE kufuze sisitjhukumisele bona sithokoze. UJesu wakhanyisa iphuzwelo ngemva kobana alaphe amadoda alitjhumi ebekaphethwe bulwele ebebunganantatha ngesikhatheso. Yinye kwaphela emadodeni lawo ‘eyabuya yadumisa uZimu ngelizwi elikhulu.’ UJesu wathi: “Azange kuhlanjululwe . . . wolitjhumi na? Alo, aphi-ke amanye alithoba?” (Lukasi 17:12-17) Thina sifundani? Kungenzeka sizilibale msinya khulu izenzo ezihle abantu abasenzela zona.
Isihlengo sisipho esihlukile kezinye izipho. Sizidlula zoke izipho ekhesaziphiwa. Kufuze wenzeni nawucabanga ngalokho uZimu akwenzele khona?
Kufuze wazi uMuphi. Isihlengo asinikeli abantu ukuphila okuphakade ngokusimangaliso. Kunalokho uJesu emthandazwenakhe wathi kuZimu: “Ukuphila okungapheliko ngilokho bona bazi wena wedwa Zimu weqiniso nokwazi uJesu Krestu, omthumileko.” (Jwanisi 17:3) Nawungase ufumane bona kunendoda eyasindisa ukuphila kwakho nawusemntwana, angekhe na ufune ukuyazi indoda leyo? Angeze wafuna nokwazi bona beyikwenzelani lokho? UJehova uZimu akafuni bona umazi kwaphela kodwana ufuna nokuthi ube netjhebiswano naye. IBhayibheli lisikhuthaza lithi: “Tjhidelani kuZimu naye uzakutjhidela kini.”—Jakopo 4:8.
Yibani nokukholwa esihlengweni. “Loyo okholwako eNdodaneni unokuphila okungapheliko.” (Jwanisi 3:36) Kutjho ukuthini ukukholwa eNdondaneni? Kutjho izenzo. Ukuba nokukholwa esihlengweni kubonakala ngezenzo. (Jakopo 2:17) Alo-ke zizenzo ezinjani lezo? Isipho siba ngesakho kwaphela nawenza imizamo yokusamukela, okutjho ukuthi kufuze uzikhandle, wamukele isihlengo. Uzikhandla njani-ke? Ngokufunda ukuthi uZimu ufuna uphile njani, bese uphile ngokuya ngokwalokho. * Thandaza kuZimu ubawe ukulitjalelwa ubawe nokuthi akuphe unembeza ohlanzekileko. Qiniseka bona isihlengo sizokuletha ukuthula kwamlibe esikhathini esizako, kube livikeleko nepumelelo kibo boke labo abakholelwa kiso.—Hebheru 11:1.
Iba Khona EsiKhumbuzweni Sokufa KwakaJesu. UJesu wathomisa umgidi ebewuzokwenziwa qobe mnyaka bona usikhumbuze ngesipho sesihlengo. Ngokuphathelene nesenzakalwesi wathi: “Yenzani lokhu ukuze ningikhumbule.” (Lukasi 22:19) AboFakazi bakaJehova bazokukhumbula ukufa kwakaJesu ngeLesibili, 11 Apreli 2017, ngemva kokutjhinga kwelanga. Ihlelweli elithatha pheze isikhathi esingaba li-iri linye, lizokuhlathulula ukuthi bekuqakatheke ngani ukuthi uJesu asifele nokuthi lokho kusizuzisa ngani thini okwanje begodu kuzosizuzisa ngani esikhathini esizako. Abantu abangaba ziingidi ezima-20 babakhona esiKhumbuzweni somnyaka ogadungileko. Umenywa ngokukhethekileko bona ube khona esiKhumbuzweni njengombana sizabe sisabela esiphweni esihle uZimu asiphe sona. | isiNdebele |
Ukuba sisakhamuzi seRomakwamsiza njani umpostoli uPowula?
Ukuba sisakhamuzi seRoma bekunikela umuntu amalungelo athileko nanyana kukunini nakaya embusweni wakhona. Umuntu osisakhamuzi seRoma bekangaphasi komthetho weRoma, ingasi emithethweni yamadorobho wesifunda. Nakasolwa ngomlandu, angavuma bona enze ngokuvumelana nomthetho wendawo, kodwana usesenelungelo lokobana ayokulalelwa yikhotho yeRoma. Nengabe bekusigwebo sokufa, bekanelungelo lokudlulisela icala lakhe kumbusi.
UCicero, isikhulu seRoma sangekhulu leminyaka yokuthoma nasikhuluma ngamalungelo la, sathi: “Kubugebengu ukubopha isakhamuzi esimRoma; ukusibetha pheze kuyinto embi; kodwana ukusibulala kuyinto embi khulu,” lokho kufana nokubulala umbelethi nofana isihlobo esiseduze.
Umpostoli uPowula watjhumayela endaweni yoke yoMbuso weRoma. Wasebenzisa ilungelo lakhe njengombana asisakhamuzi seRoma ngamabanga amathathu atloliweko: (1) Wabikela umarhastrada weFilipi ukuthi baphule amalungelwakhe ngokumdula. (2) Waveza bona usisakhamuzi seRoma enzelela ukuthi angabetjhwa eJerusalema. (3) Wadlulisela icala lakhe kuKhesari, umbusi weRoma, ukwenzela bona lizokulalelwa nguye ngokunqophileko.—IzEnzo 16:37-39; 22:25-28; 25:10-12.
Eenkhathini zeBhayibheli abelusi bebabhadelwa Njani?
Inzalamizi uJakopo walusa imihlambi kamalumakhe uLabani iminyaka ema-20. UJakopo wasebenza iminyaka eli-14 ngebanga lamadodakazi kaLabani amabili, bese kwathi iminyaka esi-6 eseleko, wabhadelwa ngefuyo. (Genesisi 30:25-33) Umagazini i-Biblical Archaeology Review, uthi “Iimvumelwano zokwelusa njengalezo ebeziphakathi kwakaLabani noJakopo bezaziwa khulu kubatloli bekadeni nebafundini bemitlolo yeBhayibheli.”
Iincwadi zeemvumelwano zekadeni ezafumaneka eNuzi ,eLarsa, nakezinye iindawo ze-Iraq yanamhlanje ziveza iimvumelwano ezinjalo. Ngokujayelekileko isivumelwaneso besithatha umnyaka munye. Abelusi bebanomthwalo wokutlhogomela inani elithileko leenlwana elitlolwe phasi ngokuya ngokweminyaka nangobulili bazo. Ngemva komnyaka, umnikazi wefuyo bekafumana isilinganiso sewulu, imikhiqizo yebisi, ifuyo eseseyincani, nokhunye. Nanyana yini ekhiqiza khulu beyinikelwa umelusi.
Ukwandiswa komhlambi bekuyame ngenani lezimvukazi umelusi aphathiswe zona. Ngokuvamileko izimvukazi ezilikhulu bekulindeleke bona zizale iimvana ezima-80. Umelusi bekutlhogeka bona abhadele nanyana ngikuphi okulahlekileko. Kungakho bekufuze ayelele khulu ukuthi uzitlhogomela kuhle iinlwana aphathiswe zona. | isiNdebele |
Cabanga ngemindeni emibili ehlala emakhiweni munye omdala begodu ongasi sebujamweni obuhle. Omunye umndeni awunathemba ngobujamo bawo. Okurarako, omunye umndeni uthabile. Kubayini? Umndeni wesibili ingasikade uzokuthuthela emzini omutjha.
Nanyana “indalo yoke iragela phambili nokuquma kanyekanye begodu iseenhlungwini kanyekanye bekube nje,” iinceku zakaZimu zinethemba elizenza zikghodlhelele. (Rom 8:22) Siyazi bona izinto ezisitshwenyako nje, ngitjho nalezo esekuminyaka eminengi zisizwisa ubuhlungu, ‘ngezesikhatjhana begodu zincancani’ nazimadaniswa nokuphila okungapheliko esizokufumana ephasini elitjha lakaZimu. Nasidzimelela eembusisweni zangomuso zomBuso kaZimu kuzosisiza bona sithabe begodu singapheli amandla. | isiNdebele |
Sekukanengi ngithomana nabantu abanengu abahlukahlukeneko, nge Johannesburg.
Njekanje sengikwazi ukutholisisa ukuthi umuntu umhlobo bani, ngelimu leli!
Sekukanengi nangithi ngikhulumisa abantu bese bakhulume isiZulu namtjhana isingisi, kodwana ngizwe ukuthi umuntu lo, liNdebele!
Kuzwisa ubuhlungu ukuzwa umuntu aziluma ilimu ngoba angafuni ukukhuluma isikhabo.
Kanti kwathini abantu bangafuni ukukhuluma isikhethu?
Sizokuthuthukiswa bobani nakungasi ngithi?
Mina ngagcina ukufunda isiNdebele kubanga 7. Nanje ngiyazisola. Ngaloba!
Singakhohlwa la sibuya khona. Angithi abantu bangawafundi amanye amalimu, kodwana isiNdebele naso as’khulunywe! | isiNdebele |
Nota: Stai modificando un prerequisito per la guida che stavi visualizzando. Tutte le modifiche avranno effetto su tutte 3le guide che includono questo passo.
Traduzione in corso passo 9
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Nawusasekela umphezulu we phayiphu, ngokutjheja khambisa isikhuphula kuqinisa kude nephayiphu.
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Yehlisa isikhuphula kuqinasa bese ugedlisa ukuya ehlabathini ukuvimbela iintambo bona zirarane esivimbweni netjheweni. | isiNdebele |
Ikhambo ngesikepe
Ikhambo lethu libemnandi khulu lokha sikhamba ngesikepe ishlengele soke. Iskepe ebizo laso kungu-Ferry sithatha imizuzu eyi-30 ukuya kwaphela, begodu ukghona ukubona ubuhle beKapa kanye nentaba i-Table Mountain. Woke umuntu ebegade agibele iskepesi gade abonakala ngathi ulengele ngale kwaso aphethe i-camera esandleni kanye nomaliledinini alinga ukuthatha iinthombe ze-coastal vista.
Ama-video camera nawo gade aphethwe khulu lapha, begodu ikhambo elinye, nelinye ngeskepesi lathathwa loke babantu abagade balisumi nambili. Benza bonakublikhambo lesikephe ekhe kwathathwa iimbombe kilo khulu ephasini. Khumbula nanyana kunjalo bona, nangibe ilwandlwe liokwatile ikhambo liyatshwiliswa nanyana lokha ubujamo bezulu bungasibuhle.
Iinkepe ezimbili ebaziberegisako nje, zithutha abantu abangaba yi-160 ngeskhathi sinye, njeke sihlala sizele. Lokhu kurholela ekutheni kusunduzwane kancani, khulukhulu lokha amagagasi aphezulu abantu batherezelela ukusuka ehlangothi linye lesikepe baya kwelinye balinga ukubona kuhle.
Iinkepezi zinamavikili athengisa amaswidi, iinselo nokunye. Kodwana ukudla akuphekwa eskepenesi. Ibhiya nalo alithengiswa endleleni eya esihlengeleni, kodwana lokha nakubuywako liyathengiswa.
Iskhathi esinye nesinye ngemva kwekhambeli elimnandeli, iskepe sijama e-Murray‘s Harbour e-Robben Island. Iimvakatjhi zihlike zikhambe zidlule iinthombe ezinzima nokumhlophe ezinomlando we-island, endleleni eye emabhesini ajamileko.
Ikhambo ngebhesi
Ngemva kokobana nami ngithabele ithuba lokukhambakha e-island. Ibhesi ayijama nanyana kukuphi isikhathi eside, begodu awukavunyelwa ukuhlika ebhesini uqalaqale. Kunesikhathi esincani nabantu abanengi abasafuna ukuthatha ikhambeli. Begodu kunomphakathi wabantu abayi-150 ebahlala khona e-island, amaphilo wabo angaphazamiseka khulu, nankungalokhu kulethwa abantu abangaziwako kobana bazokukhambakhamba endaweni yabo.Sikhuluma nje, amabhesi adlula lapha ngaso soke iskhathi abentwana bendawo le abazikhambela ngenyawo baya ekhaya babuya eskolweni sebele bajayela ukubona ubuso obuhlole ngaphandle emavesidirini webhesi edlulako.
Eskhathini esizako, indawo yomqaliso/-museam ye-Robben Island ileya amano yokwenza ikhambo ngeenyawo e-island le, mhlambe nendlela yekhambo ngomlelenjana eentabeni. Nasele bakwenzile lokhu, ngibeka umbono wokobana uthathe ikhambeli. Uyakutlhoga ukukhamba ehlabathini ye-Robben Island ukuzwa amandla wendawo le. Funda ngaphasi kwala ngetlhadlhulo ngokuzeleko komphakathi wakhona, nekhambo elingasisemthethweni le-island le.
Indlu ka-Robert Sobukwe
Nasisuka ku-habour, udlula ama-portals enziwe nge-concrete atlolwe i-logo ye-island nekulithuthumbo lomhlobo we-lily, nesitjho sangesikhathi sebandlululo sejele. 'We serve with pride'/ 'Ons dien met trots'. etjho bona sisebenza ngokuzikhakhazisa. Etlolwe phasi ngehlangothini lendlela eya ngesangweni. Uwamukelekile naye utlolwe ngehlangothini lendlela engenako. Isgidi samajoni sangemva kwepi yesibili yaphasi/- World War II naso sibonakala kancani esandleni sakho sesincele. Kuthi abonogada bejele elikhulu nabo babonakale phambili. Ibhesi iragele phambili ingene endleleni yesandleni sesinqele, ikhamba idotjha ama-penguins, idlule amaliba amadala, aseduze kweboda lejele. La maliba wakudala wabantu egade baphethwe silephero, nesele athoma ukugirika.
Indawo elandelako esajama kiyo gade kusemzini ka-Robert Sobukwe, engasi kude khulu nesigoga sala. Indlu encani yamakamuro amabili ibonakala iyincani khulu ukobana bekuhlala umuntu odume kangaka, ofana noSobukwe, kodwana kulapha ahlala khona iminyaka elithoba pheze angahlangani namunye umuntu. Indlu yenja eseduze kwayo yalethwa ngomnyaka ka-1976, ngemva kwemiguruguru yeSoweto, lokha kungezelelwa izinja zokuhlasela bona zizokurhelebha abaphikisani abanekani abatjha.
Ibhesi iragele phambili idlule ekeregeni elibizwa bona yi-Church of the Good Shepherd. Indlu ependwe ngokumhlophe le yakhiwa ngu-Sir Herbert Baker njengendawo yokukeregela yabantu abanobulwelwe besilephero, egade babahlali be-General Infirmary. Gade inganamabhanga wokuhlala begodu inamavesidiri amancani, ukwenzela bona ubulwelwobu bungangeni abanye abahlali. Lakhiwa ngonyaka ka-1895 begodu lisikhumbuzo senerha le yoke.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Ngaphandle kokutswenya, iimpukani zingathwala amalwelwe begodu zingaba nomthelela omumbi emaphilweni wezinye iinlwane, khulukhulu emahlelweni zokukhiqiza eqinileko laphanyana iinlwane zibekwa khona ndawonye. Irhubhululo lesimini litjengise bona iinkomo zebisi zingalahlekelwa phakathi kwamaminithi ayi-25 kuze kube ama-iri amahlanu esikhathi sokudla ngelanga ngesibanga setjhada lempukani.
Ukuphathwa
Indlela engcono khulu yokuqalana neempukani ifaka hlangana ihlelo lokuphatha, lapha kusetjenziswa iindlela ezihlukahlukeneko. Umqopho weneendlelezi kufanele bona kube ukugcina iinomboro zeempukane ezincani. Nazi iinyeleliso ezinhlanu zokunciphisa inani leempukani:Kokuthoma, nciphisa iinomboro zembungu namaqanda ngokobana ufune iindawo lapha iimpukani zikwazi ukubelethela khona.
Iimpukane zithanda ukubelethela emanzini kanye nakwezinye izinto ezibolileko, njeke kuqakathekile bona uhlalise iinlwane neendawo zokukhiqiza zihlwengekile. Iinlwane ezigulako nezinenlonda kufanele zitlhogonyelwe msinya ukwenzela bona zingahlalwa zimpukani ibegodu zikhandele ukutheleleka kwesibili. Iinlwane ezifileko kufanele zisuswe eendaweni yokukhiqiza msinya ngendlela ekungarhonakala ngayo begodu zilahlwe ngendlela ehlwengekileko. Kufuze zitjhiswe nanyana zibulungwe.
Indawo yokukhiqizwa kufuze ihlanzwe ngeekhathi zoke umsuqwa, iinzibi, indawo yokulala esilaphazekileko, ukudla okuphelileko kanye namaqanda aphukileko kufanele kususwe, nawufuye iinkukhu, kufuze ulawulwe kuhle. Lokha iinlwane zingadli koke ukudla kwazo, ukunciphisa okusalako ukwenzela bona ungashiyi litho elingadliwa zimpukani.
Umsuqwa iinzibi kulungile, kodwana umsuqwa kufanele utlhogonyelwe kuhle ukukhandela bona ungarherhi iimpukani. Indawo yomsuqwa kufanele ibe kwenye indawo ukusuka endaweni yokukhiqiza.Okwesibili, imvelo mnganakho.
Ezinye iimbungu kanye namapharasayidi zidla amaqanda wempukane nembungu. Amanaba wemvelo la, angahle akhishwe eendaweni yokukhiqiza eekhathini ezimbalwa ngonyaka egodu asiza khulu lokha iimpukane zihlakulele ukuphikiswa kweendlela zokulawula amakhemikhali. Kodwana, kuyinto ebiza khulu begodu kuvamise uunganeli emanabeni nxazoke lokha ukutlhoga khulu. Njeke-ke akukafaneli kusetjenziswe njengendlela yokuzijamela.Okwesithathu, sebenzisa izicupho kanye nezinto eziqotha iimpukani.
Amakhoyili wempukani enza umsebenzi omuhle ekunciphiseni iinomboro zempukane lokha zisetshenziselwa ngaphakathi kwezindlu zelwane, ngaphandle ungasebenzisa iinthiyo ezinokudla kwempukane. Kwaphela iinthiyo ezinokudla zinomraro munye wokunuka kumbi.
Iimpukani azithandi iindawo ezinzima, zivame ukutholakala eendaweni ezikhanyako ezakhiweni zeenlwane. Abanye abalimi basebenzisa amakari ebodeni lezindlu ukwenzela banciphisa ukukhanya khulu. Iinlwane nazo zizokwazi ukuthola umthunzi ongezelelweko lokha nakushisako.
Abanye abalimi batjale amakhambi athize azombeleze iindawo yokukhiqiza nanyana basebenzisa amafutha aqakathekileko ebaqotha ngawo iimpukani.
Okwesine, sebenzisa iindlela zokulawula amakhemikhali ngendlela efaneleko. Ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali kungaba yipumelelo khulu lokha kusetjenziswa ngendlela efaneleko begodu ngokuya ngendlela olayelwe ngayo. Ukusetjenziswa okungakalungi akugcini ngokufaka amaphilo engozini, kodwana kungabangela nokobana iimpukani zijamelane namakhemikhali. Amakhemikhali wanamhlanjesi kufanele asetjenziswe kuhle, njengombana lokho kuphephe khulu, okuhloswe khulu godu kuvumelana ngokwemvelo kunenunwana zakade ze-organophosphate insecticides nanyana i-DDT.
Ikhona Imikhiqizo ukufuze iqalane neempukani nanyana iimbungu begodu isetjenziswa nanyana kusenlwaneni. Eminye yemikhiqizo le irherha iimpukani.
Irhubhululo litjengise bona imiraro yeempukani engaba yi-40% kuya kweyi-60% ingasuswa ngokuqalisisa isigaba sembungu.
Okwesihlanu yenze iphrojekthi yomphakathi. Akunandaba bona ihlelo lakho lokuphathwa kweempukani lihle kangangani, ngekhe litjho litho nangabe abomakhelwane bakho benganaki iinomboro zeempukani emaplasini wabo nanyana iinqephu zabo. Ukusetjenziswa ndawonye kungcono begodu kutjhibhe khulu kunokusebenza uwedwa.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Ukwakheka nokuvela
Le kuyinyoni ekulu, nengakajayeleki ngendlela engayo. Ngale kwalokho inemilenze emathambo, begodu nemizwanayo injalo. Eenyonini ezikulu, lokhu kuyindlela eqakathekileko yokukghona ukuphapha. Udoyilo unamaphiko amade ngesilinganiso samamitha amabili nesithandathu (2.6 m) kanye nokuphakama okuyimith yinye nahlanu (1.5 m). Zineehloko ezingana masiba. Eziduna zingabonakala ngesikhwama sazo esikhulu somoya. Zinjalo nje eziduna zikulu bezibudisi begodu nemilomazo iqinile beyinamandla. Ngombala eduna nesikazi ziyafana, zinombala ofipheleko, kanye namacatjhazana abomvu kanye nemilinze emide. Zivamise ukuba nombala omlotha encenyeni ephezulu kanye nephasi yomzimba.
Amadzinyananazo akhulakhulileko anombala ofana newezidala kodwana okufiphele khudlwana. Amadzinyana anamaboya ayiwula ambese ihlokwanawo begodu akabi nobunzima eensibeni zawo ukufikela eminyakeni emithathu yobudala. Eminyakeni emine yobudala iinsiba vane sele zikhule ngookwaneleko. Inamasiba athambileko, umsila umasiba amhlophe begodu zaziwa ngokuthi yi-marabou. Intamo nehloko azinamasiba. Inyoni le inesikhwama esibomvu eside nesilengeleleko entanyenayo. Isikhwamesi sivamise ukusetjenziswa ngesikhathi sokubekelanisa. Isikhwamesi sombala obukhobe esima-intjhi alisumi nobunane esikghona ukunabiseka, sibonakala khulu ngesikhathi sokubekelanisa. Silumathana neentunja zepumulwayo bese sisebenza njenge sihlengezelisi ukwenzela bona kuphume itjhada lokukukuruza elenziwa miqude. Nanyana ithulileko ivamise ukwenza itjhada elivamise ukuba litjhada elikhupha ngomlomo nelihlabako khulukhulu nayithukiweko.
Ukudla
Zivamise ukudla ingcuba kanye nezinto ezonakeleko. Nanyana ibonakala kwanga ayinamusa emehlweni womuntu, umukghwa lo uqakatheke khulu eendaweni ephila kizo; ngokuthi isuse iingcuba neensalela zento efileko, abodoyaba badlala indima ehle ekuvikeleni ukusabalala kwezinto ezingabanga amalwelwe. Zimhlobo okhamba ubuthelela ukudla, zidla yoke into ukusuka emuhlweni, iinyonyana ezincani kanye neenlwani zomhlobo omunyisako ezilahlwe babantu kanye neendlovu ezifileko. Zidla iinsalela ngokuhlanganyela namadlanga kanye neempisi.
Ukubekelisana nokuhlangana nelidu
Iinyonezi zibekelelisana encenyeni yesiphetho semithi, lapho zivamise ukwakha khona iindleke zazo. Nazo zinomugkhwa walezo ezimhlophe (White stork) nofana (Ciconia ciconia) wokuthanda ukuba seduze nalapho kunabantu khona. Ivamise ukufinyelela isigaba sokubekelisana nasele ineminyaka emine yobudala kuthi ukusuka lapho zibekelisane unomphela. Zibekelisana ngemihlambi, zinesidleke esikhulu, esisipara esenziwe ngengodo ezakheka ngendlela yomuda ebasikotlelo kanye namakari ahlaza neengojwana. Zivamise ukubelekela amaqanda amabili ukuya kamathathu ngesikhathi sebusika. Zombili eduna nesikazi zifukamela amaqanda; kanti-ke ziqoqosela ngemva kwamalanga amasumi amathathu. Amadzinyanazo aqoqoselwa abuthakathaka khulu. Kanti-ke zombili eduna nesikazi ziwathuthela ukudla, ukuwasingatha nokuwatlhogomela kuthatha iinyanga ezinthu ukuya kezine.
Ukuziphatha
Abodoyaba bathanda utjani obutlhurhe ngokutjha komlilo. Bavamise ukugijima phambi komlilo otjhako bese babambe iinlwanyana ezilinga ukubalekela umlilo. Ziphapha ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu begodu ziyahlala ngayinye nofana ngomhlambi womndenazo. Inomukghwa ofana nowenyoni ebizwa i-Turkey Vultures wokuthi izihlwengise ngemilenze neenyawo zayo. Kwazala bonyana i-Turkey Vulture kuyinyoni ehlanzekileko tle, begodu nayo le engudoyi injalo, nanyana iinzathu zazo zokwenza bunje zihlukile nje. Kuyisiza bonyana ikhulule umzimbayo emtjhisweni nofana emakhazeni, bese igcina sele yenza bonyana abantu baqabange bonyana inemilenze emihlophe.
Njengeenyoni ezinengi udoyi lo nakutjhisako uvula iinsiba ngehloso yokwehlisa umtjhiso osemzimbeni. Lo kumhlobo weenyoni ezivilapha khulu begodu ziqeda isikhathi esinengi zijame ngaphandle kokusikinyeka, nanyana nazithoma zithi ziyaphapha zisuke zikarise, ngokusebenzi ubujamo bezulu obunomoya omnengi ukuya phezulu ngendlela ezifuna ngayo. Azisimhlobo okhgona ukuphapha ibangana elincani nokho. Njengabanye abodoyi nazo lezi ziphapha ziqalise imilenzazo ngemuva, kodwana ziyahluka kunabomzawabo zigcina iintamo zazo zipatalele begodu zizigobele pheze emuva zibonakale njenge ledere u-‘S’; lokhu kuzisiza bonyana zibekele umlomazo obudisi emahlombe.
Indawo yokuhla
Zihlala eduze namanzi kanye neendawo ezisiquntu salapho kunganazulu. Zihlotjaniswa khulu neendawo zabantu eduze nalapho kubanjwa khona iimfesi kanye nalapho kulahlwa khona ifuqufuqu.
Lapho zitholakala khona
E-Afrika zitholakala eSewula ye-Sahara.
Igama lesi-Latin
Leptoptilos crumeniferus | isiNdebele |
Abahlahli Bendlela Bejele
Ngemva kwekhambo lebhesi, iimvakatjhi zingeniswa esangweni lejele bese kuthoma ikhambo eligandelelisa umkhumbulo nelizwisa ubuhlungu. Incenye yevakatjhweli lidoswa phambili sibotjhwa salokha sepolotiki, ukuzwisisa izinto ebezenzeka lapho kwenza bona ikhambelo likhumbuleke belithuse khulu.
Isiberegi sejeleso esikakufundeli ukwenza lokho,begodu akunaphepha esililandelako. Nanyana kunjalo ngitjelwe bona inengi lembotjhwezo sele labelana ngokobana kwakunjani lapho begodu ukutlhadlhula kwabo ipilo yejele kuyafana begodu kunamandla. Ngabuza isisebenzi sakhona u-Derrick Basson, bona kwakunjani ukubuyela ejele njengesisebenzi isihlahla indlela sakhona, ipendulwakhe yayingenembako.
UDerrick waphendula ngokuthi yena nembotjhwa ezinengi zakade ebabuyela bayokusebenza eshlengelenesi, benza njalo ngombana gade bangasebenzi begodu gade batlhoga umsebenzi. UDerrick wangikhumbuza bona inengi lembotjhwa lakhitjhwa ngaphandle kokobana lithole ukululekwa ngokomkhumbulo nanyana ukuphiwa umsebenzi, nekwaba buhlungu khulu.
Abahlahlindlela bejeleli basebenza budisi. Kukunje kunembotjhwa zakade ezingaba ma-15 zepolotiki ezisebenza eshlengeleni, lokha ngeskhathi samaholide, bakghona ukuba namakhambo asithandathu ngelanga lokhu kuyadinisa njengomsebenzi we ofisini, kodwana uDerrick ungiqinisekise bona ukuthola kuyinto ebhadalako ngelinye nelinye ikhambo. Kuyinto evumelekileko ukupha abantu abasihlahlela indlela imali, kodwana iimvakatjhi ezinengi ziyabaqhawula lokha nazikhambako.
Ikerege Yesihlengeleni
Nawungaphandle, ijeleli liphasi, lakhiwe ngamatje anzima. Libhodwe mathawa amade wokugada ajame njengesotja ewugwini elinye nelinye lomakhiwo le.
Lapha kudlalelwa khona ibholo kuzombelezwe yidrada phezulu ebayifake i-bob wire ehlangothini lejele, nekukulapho iimbotjhwa gade zihlalela khona ibholo lenyawo.
Ikomidi yezemidlalo ye-Robben Island gade ihleleke kuhle ipha boke abadlali iintifikeyidi lokha nabadlalileko.
Ngeqadi kwejele kunesonto elincani laka-Sayed Adurohman Moturu, ogade amdosi phambili wama-Arab we-Madura.
Gade amntwanekosi we-Indonesia owaqothwa e-Robben Island ngokudosa phambili iindaba zepolotiki zokwala ama-Dutch Each India Company, wafela eshlengelenesi ngonyaka ka-1754.
Umzimbakhe wabulungwa e-Jakarta, kodwana ama-muslims asenza ivakatjho esondwenelii kusukela eminyakeni ama-250 eyadlulako, ngitjho nalakho isihlengelesi nagade silijele lebandlululo. Umakhiwo wanje okhona wakhiwa ngonyaka ka-1969, begodu umnyanya obizwa bona yi-Khalifa usabanjelwa khona minyaka yoke.
Amaseli Ahlanganyelwako Wejele
Nawukhamba hlanu kwedrada esele ikghora ezombeleze umakhiwo wejele lo, umuzwa onzima wokuzisola kuba ngathi uvumbuka ehlabathini. Msinya uzithola sele usejele.
Uthoma ngokujama emaseleni wejele ahlanganyelwako, ase-Block A. Lapha zoke iimvakatjhi zihlezi emabhangeni abekwe eduze kweboda lemaseleni, isihlahlindlela senu sizonitjela bona kwakunjani ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwejele, begodu atlhadlhule bona iimbotjhwa zazikhalinywa njani ngendlela ezahlukahlukeneko. Namhlanjesi amaseli lawo akanalitho begodu amakhaza khulu kodwana umuntu angaziqabangela bona aye zele kanangani, netjhada ekhabe lilapho.
Isthombe sombala okhanyako esisebodeni siyalinga ukukhazimulisa izinto kancani kodwana safakwa ngemva komnyaka ka-1991, lokha zoke iimbotjhwa zepolotiki sele sezikhitjhiwe. Ukusuka emaseleni ahlanganyelwako usiwa ejaridini lekhotho lapha udlula khona ama-ofisi ahlukahlukeneko uze uyokufika emakhiweni wejele. Kulapha isibhedlela, i-ofisi labarhubhululi kanye namaseli ehlukaniswe namanye egade akhona lapha abadosi phambili bepolotiki gade bahlala khona.
Ijarida Lokuzithabulula Elidumileko
Ngemva kokukhamba ephasijini erasako, uphuma emnyango okukhiphela ejaridini lekhotho, elizombelezwe maboda amakhulu. Leli lijarida lokuzithabulula elidume khulu lapha uMandela nezinye iimbotjhwa eziyingozi zazihlala khona amairi ambalwa elangeni ngaphambi kokobana babuyiselwe enkumbeni zabo zokulala ezilingana nebhokisi lamanyathelo eliseduze. Kwanjesi ijarideli seli lizele ngenthombe ezikulu zabantu abadumileko ekhe babotjhwa lapha. Ngikho uMandela nabanye basebenza ukulima ingadi encani ngehlangothini elinye lejarida, balinga ukuzithabisa.
Ngemva kokukhuluma kancani ejarideni lekhotho, lapha umhlahlindlela asithladlhululela khona bona abadosi phambili abahlukene nabanye gade bakghona njani ukukhuluma nezinye iimbotjhwa ezingaphandle ephasini. Lapha kunereyi lamaseli ahlukeneko akhamba ngamabili ephasijini edweni ekhanyako.Kwanjesi sesiseseleni edume khulu i-cell no5, e-Block B. Lapha kusekumbeni encani egade ihlala esinye isibotjhwa esidume khulu sango-twentieth century, uNelson Mandela.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
UMandela waphika yoke imibono yokobanyana bekanguMesiya we Africa.Angiqabangi kobanyana kulungile ukobana kuqalwe umuntu oyedwa, kobanyana nguMesiya ozokuba msindisi wenarha le. Watjela ababikindaba lokha bamamukela ngonyaka ka1994 e-Tunis annual summit yehlangano i- Organisation of African Unity (OAU)nebekulivakatjho lakhe lokuthoma ehlanganweni leyo njengoMongameli.
Kodwana abantu abanengi bambona njalo Ngokungafani nabanye abadosi phambili ephasini ,uMongameli uMandela waletha ukubayingilozi ebuMongamelini ,nokwenziwa khulu kubotjhwa kwakhe isikhathi eside ejele nokwala kwakhe ukuhloya abantu abamlethela, iminyaka ebudisi nengananzuzo.
Ngokungafani nabanye aboMongameli ebebasebenzisa ubudosi phambili kwabo ngendlela ezimbi, kobana bathole iimali ezinengi nokobana bazidlele ipilo yamabayibayi. UMongameli uMandela bekaphila ipilo elula wenza nobuMongameli bakhe indawo lapha akgelebha khona bantu.
Watlama ihlangano ebizwa bona yi President ‘s children ‘s fund ngokobana afake umnikelo obuya emkgolwenakhe wemali engange R 150 000 (US 41 000)Ngonyaka iskhathi seminyaka emihlanu begodu wamema abanye kobana bahlanganyele naye , ngokufaka Imali efanako yokungena ehlanganweni le .
Nabaye ku-summit ye-Tunis OAU ngoMgwengweni ka-1994 lapha umbikindaba atlhadlhula uMandela njengoMongameli onjengephimbo “eliziphethe kuhle “le Africa .Endaweni ye-North African city lapha imibuso yakhona iinenkosi ,ezonakeleko nemibuso yakhona igandelela abantu, yehlisa nesthunzi sesamithi ye OAU.
Ukuteketiswa kwaKaMandela lokhu, bekunembile Ababikindaba babuza bona iinthunywa zeSewula Africa zizokulinga ukuletha ukuziphatha kwe-OAU lokhu iSewula Africa ekuthetheko ku-constitution yabo ngokugandelela ukuveza tjhatjhalazi lokho urhulumende akwenzako nelungelo lokukhuluma, nokukhamba.
UMongameli uMandela nenthunywa zakhe bazibalekela ngokuzithoba iinkulumezi, nangembala ngonyaka olandelako, yena norhulumende baragela phambili ngomthetho kambiso ngokunabileko ongatlhadlhulwa njengokungaphazanyiswa iindaba zangaphakathi zabanye abantu kodwana babawa itjhebiswano entjhabeni.
Nanyana uMongameli uMandela abawa iinarha bona zithathe iijamiso zentando yenengi begodu bagcine amalungelo wabantu, yena ngaskhathi sinye bakathanda ukubhalelwa kugandelela amalungelo wabantu, ukuzibandaka ebuphekuleni nokunje, kwenarha ezisekela i-ANC ngeskhathi somzabalazo. Lokho kwarholela esikhathini esiphathisa iinhloni ebudlelwaneni beSewula Africa ,United states ne-Western countries ezazikhwinyisela ubungani buka Mandela neLibya.
Ufaro we- North esepumalanga lo obekasolwa ngokuthuthumbisa i-Pan American Airlines "jumbo jet"ngaphezu kwe- Lockerbie e- Scotland ngonyaka ka-1988, kanye no-Cuba's Fidel Castro abantu be -Amerikha angazange bamlibalele ngokuthatha ikgwebo le- US namakonyana walo wangabanikela ngitjho nesililiso nangokufaka iinkhali eziphoswako ze-nuclear ngokwefihlo enarheni yabo . Iimvumelwano zokukgweba nge oli phakathi kweSewula Africa neIran nazo zadala ukungwarana ne -United States.
Kodwana ngaphandle kwemirarwana, i- United States ne Europe bebaqale uMongameli u Mandela neSewula Africa kobana kube ngiyo inarha edosa phambili e-Africa endabeni zokuletha ukuthula nokukhulisa umnotho.
Zombili i- America ne-Europe zavaka iinkulungwana zama- dollar e-Africa eminyakeni eyadlulako, azange bathande imiphumela yakhona. Ngombana imali enengi yakhona yaphelela enkwameni zamakhosi we-Africa lokha, iinarha zabo ziqwila ekuboleni.
Njengobana iskhathi sebandlululo sesiphelile nje bona njenge-America ne-Europe babawa bona iSewula Africa idlale indima yokubusa e-Africa. Bangathanda ukubona umthwalo wabo we-Africa uphunguka omnengi utjhidiselwe kiwo ama-Africans ngokwabo.
Begodu kungaba ngiyiphi inarha kuneSewula Africa namkhana uMongameli UMandela, ngaskhathi sinye phakathi kwezinye iinarha ze-Africa. Isewula Africa yavela njethemba le-Africa. Iinakga ezinengi besele ziphela ihliziyo ngeskhathi abasithathako ukuphetha iinkulumiswano zetjhuguluko ezazibanjwe eSewula Africa.
UMongameli uMandela wasunduzelwa ekubeni mdosi phambili we- Africa wakgelebha ukucima imililo eLesotho lokha afaka umoya eNigeria Mozambique nakwezinye iinarha .Kodwana wabona isithiyo angawela kiso wadlala indima yokuba msindisi isikhatjhana,lokha ihlangahlangano yenzeka ekhaya. Ngokuhlakanipha wakhetha ukudla indima yokuqaphela e-Africa ,lokha azinikela ngokurarurula imiraro yakhe yangaphakathi.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Rockcod/Groupers
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Bass, Coral groupers
Igama lesayensi
Epinephelinae
Ubungako
Ingakhula beyibe mamitha amabili, ubuncani bazo ziba masenthimitha amatjhumi amane.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba oqinileko wamahlangothi apataleleko kanye nomlomo omkhulu. Inomsila orondo, ngaphandle komhlobo owodwa wakwabo (Lyretail rockcod). Ilungu lomzimba elisesifubeni ethaya ngalo nalo lirondo. Imibalazo ihluka khulu ukusuka kozotho kanye namacatjhazana amhlophe, ukuyela embaleni obovu.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni omncani wama-Epinephelinae wakhiwe mikhakhawo ematjhumi amathathu nanye kanye nemihlobazo ematjhumi alithoba nethoba. I-Rockcods mhlobo omkhulu wefesi (enerekhodi elima-179kg) begodu zinokubonwa hlangana neemilo nofana zizifihle ngaphasi kwamaphadlhuka. Imihlobo ebizwa ngama-Potato bass zinesibindi khulu begodu zinokusahlela abantu abatjuzako.
Ukudla zikuginya koke bese zikugaye ngokusebenzisa incenye esiqotlelo engemva komphimbo. Zikghona ukutjhugulula ubulili ukusuka kobusikazi zibe ngeziduna. Zimhlobo obekelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla ezinye iimfesi, ama-octopus, iinkala kanye nama-lobsters.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wobujamo bezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelipholileko.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Coral rockcod (Cephalopholis miniata)
Lyretail rockcod (Variola louti)
Potato bass (Epinephelus tukula) | isiNdebele |
Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Gurnards
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Sea robins
Igama lesayensi
Triglidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe yimitha yinye, kuthi ezincani zibe masenthimitha amatjhumi amane.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inehloko ematsikana begodu inamahlangothi alinganako nevame ukurhunyela ukuyela emsilenayo. Izitho zayo zokuthaya zaphambili esifubeni zihlukaniseke nemisebe emibili ukuya kemithathu ngephambili. Imibalazo ivame ukuba ngomlotha kanye nonzima emzimbeni kanye namabala ahlaza esiphethweni sayo ezithweni ethaya ngazo zaphambili.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Triglidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo elitjhumi nane kanye nemihlobazo elikhulu. Zimhlobo ohlala phasi esithomeni samanzi. Imisebazo ephambili izisiza khulu ukulandelela ukudla. Ikghona ukwenza itjhada elizwakala njenge sigubhu ngokusebenzisa incenyayo ethaya ngazo, kesinye isikhathi zinokubonwa ziphaphela ngaphezu kwamanzi khulukhulu lokha nayibona iinkepe. Lokhu ikwenza ngokuthi inabise izitho ethaya ngazo.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla khulu ama-molluscs kanye nezinye iinlwanyana zangemanzini.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wobujamo bezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelipholileko.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Bluefin gurnard - Chelidonichthys kumu
Flying gurnard - Dactylopteridae orientalis
Tub gurnard - Trigla lucerna | isiNdebele |
Igama
Intuhu (Aardwolf) [Proteles cristata]
Igama layo elithi-Aardwolf lihlathulula bonyana yi-wolf yemhlaba (earth wolf) ngelimi le-Afrikaans kanye nendlela engakho yokwakheka njengenja, umhlobo wokudla ephila ngakho okukukudla umuhlwa ewemba phasi kanye neenthubini.
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Isikhumba sayo sinombala osarulana okuvangeke ngombala ozotho kanye nemibala enzima ehlaleleneko, imaruthuruthu,umsilayo unzima encenyeni yesiphetho sawo, inamaboya nofana umdlengo omimida onzotho emhlana, begodu avamise ukuphakama lokha lokha ithukiweko nofana ithuselwa. Inesilinganiso sobude obuphakamileko obumasenthimitha amasumi amane ukuya emasumini amahlanu (40-50 cm, kanye nomsila omude ngamasenthimitha amasumi amabili ukuya emasumini amabili nahlanu (20-25 cm). isilinganiso sobude bayo ukusuka epumulweni ukuya emsileni esimacenthimitha amasumi asithandathu nahlanu ukuya emasumini abunane, kanye nesilinganiso sobudisi esimakhilogremu abunane ukuya kalisumi nambili (8 -12 Kg), injalo nje itshwaya ukuba yipisi encani emenida.
Ukudla
Umhlobo lo ongakajayeleki womdeni weempisi udla umuhlwa.njengombana ijayele ukudla umuhlwa nje amazinywayo kodwana ngaphandle kwalawo amade, sele arhunyele aba kwanga mapeksi wokuneka begodu akakghoni nokuhlafunya inyama. Amazinywayo amakhulu asakhula, begodu iwasebenzisele ukuvikela isikhundla sayo kezinye ezifana nayo. Ukudla kwayo kufaa hlangana imihlobo emibili kwaphela yomuhlwa, omunye wawo uvamise ukutjhagala khulu ngesikhathi samakhaza, njeke itjhugulukela komunye umhlobo ukuthi ikghone ukudla.
Ukuphila ngomhlobo owodwa wokudlokhu kwenza bonyana isilwanesi sikghone ukuphila kwaphela eendaweni ezinemihlobo le yomuhlwa omunengi.ngobusuku bunye isilwanesi sikghona ukudla umuhlwa nanyana kukukuphi obalelwa emakhulwini amabili weenkulungwana ukuya emakhulwini amathathu weenkulungwana zomuhlwa (200 000 - 300 000 termites). Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezihlukileko zokulalela nokuzwa, ikghona ukuzwa umuhlwa okhamba phasi bese isebenzise ilimu layo elinabileko nelinamathelako iyawurhurhula. Injalo nje yaziwa nangokudla iinlwanyana ezinye ezifana namakhondlo, iinyonyana ezincani, amaqanda kanye nengcuba.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Njengombana eduna nesikazi ziphila ngokuhlukana nje, iphila ngokuzifihla nangepilo yamahloni, begodu lokho kwenza bonyana libe lincani khulu ilwazi elaziwako ngokuzipha kwayo, kodwana ikholelwa bona zijarhana kesinye nesinye isikahthi sonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esimalanga avamise ukuba masumi alithoba ukuya ekhulwini, begodu kuvamise bona zizala amadzinyana amabili ukuya kamane. Nasele amadzinyana akhitjhe ebeleni nofana aphuhlisiweko, zombili eduna nesikazi zivamise ukuwapha umhlwa eziwuhlanzileko.
Ukuziphatha
Kumhlobo weenlwani ezitjhagala ngobusuku, zizuma ngokuhlukana, kodwana zihlangana kwaphela ngesikhathi sokujarhana. Zivamise ukubonwa ngambili nofana ngemihlambi omncani. Nokho umhlobo lo akhenge ifuze nofana ibenezenzo zomhlobo wepisi enemibalam nemida ngebanga lokuphila ngomuhlwa kwaphela. Njengombana ukudla kungakghonakali bona kwabelanwe nofana kulethwe emgodini, isilwanesi siyakateleleka bona sikhambe siyozizumela. Imigodazo ivamise ukuba ngileyo ebegade ihlala ama-springhare, kodwana kanengi zivamise ukusebenzisa leyo ebegade ingeyeenunu kanye nama-Aarvarks. Lo mhlobo wesilwani ozwana nokurhubha khulu imigodi begodu lapho kunganamigodi khona zizirhubhela yazo.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Zitholalakala kiyoyoke ipumalanga nesewula ye-Afrika, ngaphandle kwesewula emagega nelwalandle. Umhlobo lo weenlwani eziphila ngokudla inyama, ngokuzifihla nangokungabi yingozi, zibonakala zithanda ukubekezela iindawo ezisiquntu seendawo ezinganazulu, ezivulekileko, zomhlobo we-savanna kanye neenkhothini lapho ihlala khona emigodini. Kuneendawo embili ezihlukeneko zembalobalo zeenlwanezi, esinye sise kabeni yeSewula Afrika kuthi esinye sitholakale ukuyela ekabeni ye-Tanzania, etlhagwini ukuya esewula ye-Egypt. Iinlwanezi zivame ukutholakala khulu eenkhothini zeBotswana, Karoo,kanye nesiFundeni seTlhagwini Kapa.
Iimbalobalo ngepilwazo ezirhunyeziweko
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi)
7,7 - 13,5 kg
Isilinganiso sobudele (eduna)
7,7- 13,5 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (esikazi)
90 cm
Isilinganiso sobude (eduna)
90 cm
Isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha Gestation Period
2 months
Inani/ isibalo samadzinyana No of Young
2 - 4 cubs
Umhlobo/ irhemo Order
Carnivora
Umdenazo Family
Hyaenidae
Ukuzala nokukhulisa Breeding
Ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezimbili, zivamise ukuzala amadzinyana amabili ukuya kamane phakathi kwenyanga kaKhukhulamungu ukuya kuSihlabantangana.
Ihlathululo ngemitlhalaza
Inemizwani emihlanu eenyaweni zangaphambili, kodwana umzwani wokuthoma uphezudlwana begodu awenzi umtlhala, begodu inemizwani emine eenyaweni zemuva. Amaziphazo abonakala adweni nawuwaqala ngaphezulu, kodwana nawuwatjheja ngehlangothini zibonakala zibanzi begodu zakheke ngendlela eqinileko, zinjalo nje zide ngamasenthimitha amasumi amabili begodu zigobene. | isiNdebele |
Kuthe lokha abantu abamhlophe nabathula imithetho yabo emakrestini wamaTsonga, amandla wenkosi ehla. Ngeminyaka yabo-1920 amakhuwa abona ukuhlukana kwamakhosi nanyana ko bukhosi kanye nokungalawuleki kwabantu ngebanga lezepolotiki. Amakhuwa akhabe ahlukanisa abantu abona ikoro le njengekhaya lemvelo lesitjhaba sabantu be-Africa egade bangenela iphaliswano namakhuwa asemadorobheni.
Ubujamo bamakhuwa baqiniswa mthetho wangonyaka ka-1920 kwathi ngemva kweminyaka eyi-30 ngemva kwalokho, bezomthetho wezamakhosi badlala indima eqakathekileko esistimini ye-Bantustan. Ngokwesiko amakhosi kanye nalaba egade basebenzisana nawo kwakuba ngibo abapha ilizwi lokugcina, begodu badlala indima eqakathekileko kurhulumende wenqhema zamaTsonga.
Ubukhosi buyabelethelwa begodu buwela ngaphasi kwamalunga aphezulu aqakathekileko eenkorweni zabantu. Ikosi etja kutlhogeka kobana ivunywe ngezokusebenzisana nayo ibekwe ngokomthetho esikhundleni. Nange isese yincani lokha nakuhlongakala uyise umnakwabo likayise omncani kuba nguye umjaphethe.
Eskhathini esidlulileko, ikosi gade inamandla woke. Gade kungiyo epha abantu inarha, ekhipha ingoma, eyenza iminyanya yokuvuna kanye nemidanso yezulu, khabe ikhulumisana namalunga wenqhema kanye nemimoya yabezimu; gade ithatha zoke iinqunto begodu igweba imilandu emikhulu kanye nalaba ababawa ukurhawukelwa enduneni.
Gade irhelejwa zimbethimthetho ekhabe zenza imisebenzi ethize ekhethekileko. Iinkosi zanamhlanje zibasenzi bakarhlumende ababhadalwako begodu zinesibopho sokurhola abantu ezibaphetheko. Kutlhogeka kobana zibuthelele intela bezibone bona abantu bathola amanzi emaphayiphini nanyana kobana iinkumba zokufundela ezitjha ziyakhiwa na.
Ziragela phambili ngokudlala indima eqakathekileko yokuthembeka, yokutlhogomela kanye nokuthanda imiphakathi yayo yemakhaya.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Igama
Imvanana (Spotted Thick-Toed Gecko or Spotted Gecko) [Pachydactylus maculates]
Isigaba
Reptilia
Irhemo/ umhlobo
Squamata
Umdenazo
Gekkonidae
Ubude besikazi
58 mm
Ubude beduna
48 mm
Ihlathululo
Mhlobo wemvanana omncani onomzimba ononileko kanye nepumudlwana ede. Umhlanayo umlotha okuqarheke ngombala ozotho, kanye nemida emine emide, amacatjhazana anzima anganancenye yesiphetho esimhlophe kesinye isikhathi ayahlangana bese kwakhe i-crossbands engalinganiko. Amathumbayo anombala omhlophe.
Ukwabeka nokusabalala kwazo
Zitholakala eendaweni ezimaphakathi we-escarpment weKapa ukusuka e-Sutherland kanye nesiphandeni seligu ukusuka e- Knysna ukuyela ePumalanga Kapa, KwaZulu-Natal ukuyokufika e-Swaziland kanye neSewula Pumalanga yeMpumalanga; kunerekhodi elilodwa lokugadangiswa ukutholakala enarheni ebomakhelana i-Mozambique.
Ukuhlangana neduna nokubekelisana
Ezisikazi ziyabekela ukusuka phakathi kwenyanga kaKhukhulamungu noMhlolanja begodu zibekela iinthukghu embilli ukuya kezintathu, kuthi linye iqanda libe namaqephe amabili aqinileko. Ukufukama kuthatha amalanga alikhulu ukuya kalikhulu namasumi amabili.
Ukudla/ idayethi
Zidla iinunwana ezincani kanye neenswebu
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwazo
Lomhlobo wemvanana ejayelekileko enemihlobo engaphezu kemasumi amathathu eSewula ye-Afrika. Imihlobo le yeemvana itholakala inamakhaya wemihlobo eminengi. | isiNdebele |
Ukufuywa kweenyosi eSewula Africa akuhluki khulu kunalokho okwenziwa eenarheni ezinye. Abafuyi beenyosi abanomhlaba lapha bafuyela khona iinyosi bangaphasi kwe-5% begodu bafuye iinyosi ezingaphasi kwe-5%. Abafuyi beeenyosi njeke bathembele ebanikazini bendawo, berhorhomejeni, bakarhulumende, ama-nature reserves ukubasekele emisebenzini yabo yokufuya iinyosi.
Imbalobalo zokufuywa kweenyosi eSewula Africa azenziwa ngeskhathi soke, kodwana ngonyaka ka-2017 iSewula Africa ikhiqize amatani ayi-1 500 kwphela qobe mnyaka, nakumadaniswa nalawa agade ayi-3 000 Gde akhiqizwa eminyakeni eyedlulileko. Sele baqinisekisile bona kunamatani ahlula-3 000 weliju athunyelwa ngenarheni le, obunengi bawo avela ngenarheni ye-China. Begodu pheze iSewula Africa ayisi iliju kwezinye iinarha.
Lokha nayimadaniswa nezinye iinarha ezise-hemisphere esetjingalanga, iSewula Africa inga iyinarha engakhiqizi kuhle iliju. Kubalwa bona kutlhogonyelwa imihlambi yeenyosi engadlula i-200 000 nKUMdaniswa nalezo eziyi-650 000 e-Australia kanye ne-450 000 ezise-New Zealand (NZ). Inarha yange-Chile kanye ne-Argentina itjengisa iinomboro ezipheze zafana neze- Australia kanye ne-NZ. Zoke zozine iinarhezi ngezingenisa iliju enarheni le, lapha inarha yange-Argentina ikhiqiza khona amatani angadlula i-70 000 qobe mnyaka.
Imonakalo Emithathu Yeenyosi eSewula Africa
Ibubulo leSewula Africa lokufuya iinyosi njenganje (2017) sele liba nokukhula okungasikuhle ngebanga lomonakalo emithathu yamva nje. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1990’s, inyosi yeKapa/-Cape Bee (Apis mellifera capensis) yazala iimfunda ezisePumalanga yeSewula Africa, lapha bekutholakala khona i-inyosi ye-Africa/-African bee (Apis mellifera scuttelata) sele kutjengise ukuba nomthelela omumbi epumalanga.
Kwesibili, ngonyaka ka-1997 i-ectoparasite, Varroa destructor, yafuduka yahlala esifundeni sange-Western Cape yaragela phambili yarhetjheka enarheni yoke.
Umraro nanyana umonakalo wesithathu wathoma lokha ubulwelwe bebhakutheriya yeenyosi obusatjwako i-American foulbrood, batholwa eKapa ngonyaka ka-2009. Amabhakutheriya waso angarhatjhekela lula hlangana nezindlu zazo lokha nakudlhegwana ngensetjenziswa kanye nakukhanjiswa kwamakhekheba wazo asele anobulwelobu. Kulindwe bona burhatjekele epumalanga ungakafiki umnyaka ka-(2022).
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Ubelethwe ibizo lakhe kunguBonilizwe kanye no-Monikazi Thethiwe ngezi-21 zakaSewula 1918, endaweni yeTsomo nge-Transkei, uNontsikelelo Thethiwe kwakumntwana wesibili ebantwaneni abahlanu. Ummakhe gade ahlala agula anganamandla ngemva kokobana abanjwe mgomani obizwa bona yi-Spanish Flu begodu uNontsikelelo gade kutlhogeka bona ahlale atlhogomela abentwaba bakwabo.
Lokha nasele aneminyaka eyi-11 ubudala ubabakhe wabhubha ngeskhathi aneminyaka eyi-15 ummakhe naye khabe sele ahlongakele, okwamenza bona asale angumma unomphela ebantwaneni bekhabo, begodu kwatlhogeka kobana abondle boke abentwana bakwabo abathathu egade babancani kuye.
Wambelekela ibizo laka-Albertina lokha nakathoma iskolo eXolobe. Ngeskhatheso gade sele aqeda eskolweni samabanga aphasi, gade amdala ngeminyaka emibili kunabanye abentwana beklasini lakhe ngombana khabe alova khulu. Nangaphandle kwalokho, khabe akhamba phambili emidlweni yamasiko neminye egade idlalwa eskolweni okwenza bona bamkhethe kobana aphathe ikumba yokufundela yabo.
Iminyaka yakhe yamupha umraro kwaphela lokha nabamalela kobana athole umfundaze weminyaka emine wokuya eskolweni samabanga aphezulu, nanyana agade abadose phambili ephaliswaneni lokuwuthumba. Umfundisi ka-Albertina wakwatiswa kokobana bamphethe ngendlela engakafaneli watlolela iphephendaba lengekhabo lesiXhosa, elibizwa bona yi-Imvo Zabantsundu, ngethemba lokobana bazokutjhugulula imkhumbulo yabo bamnikeze ungongorwana awuthumbileko.
Indaba leyo yabonwa mfundisi wesonto lama-Roman Catholic Mission wangekhabo, Owakhuluma no-Father Bernard Huss we-Mariazell College. U-Albertina bamnikeza umfundaze weminyaka emine e-Mariazel abantu bendawo wekhabo bagidinga nabezwa iindabezi.Ubujamo benarha le gade butjho bona abasibanengi abentwana egade bathola ithuba lokobana bafunde.
Umnakwabo omdala khabe angakhange angene iskolo naye, kunokobana enze njalo khabe atlhogomela ifuyo yakwabo be asebenzele ukudla enzela umndenakhe.
Lokha nakaqeda iskolo samabanga aphezulu u-Albertina waqalana nesiqunto sokobana angenzani. Ibhudango lakhe kwakukuba ngutitjhere, kodwana ubujamo gade bungavumeli kobana lokho kwenzeke. Khabe sele atjhugulukele ekubeni mkhatholiga lokhanakafunda e-Mariazell, ngemva kokobana athathe isiqunto sokobana angeze atjhada, waba li-nun.
Ngemva kokobana akhulume no-Father Huss, wabona bona ukuba li-nun kuzokwenza bona kube budisi kobana ondle umndenakhe. Ama-nun akarholi begodu akasuki e-mission lapha asebenza khona. Okuzokutjho bona, u-Albertina angeze arhone ukurhelebha umndenakhe ngemali nanyana awubone lokha nawumtlhogako. Njeke wathatha isiqunto sokobana abemhlengikazi.
Ngemali agade ayirhola lokha nabamubandula godu asebenza njengohlengikazi yamrhelebha kobana atlhogomele abomnakwabo nabodadwabo, ngokubabhadalela eskolweni.
Wathoma imbandulo zakhe zobuhlengikazi e-Johannesburg General Hospital ngonyaka ka-1940, wathoma ukuba mhlengikazi obelethisako ngonyaka ka-1946. Gade avamise ukukhamba ngenyawo ayokukweriyela iingulani eenkoplasini, athwele umetheriyali wakhe kanye nensetjenziswa ngeputumende ehloko.
Kulokha asebenza njengomhlengikazi lapha u-Albertina ahlangana naloyo agade azobangu babawakhakhe,uWalter Sisulu. Njengelunga le-African National Congress (ANC) umeluleki ka-Nelson Mandela wakade, u-Walter gade azimbandakanye khulu kwezepolotiki okwenza bona u-Albertina angenele iindaba zepolotiki msinya naye.
Waragela phambili ngokulinga ukuqeda urhulumende webandlululo, alokhu abambelelele ukutlhoriswa ngurhulumende, ukubotjhwa kanye nobudisi. Gade aziwa ngethando ngebizo lakamma wesitjhaba’.
U-Albertina Sisulu wahlongakala ngezi-2 zakaMgwengweni ngonyaka ka-2011 lokha aneminyaka ayi-92. Gade akwakhe e-Linden abukele umabonwa kude nabentwanabontwanakhe lokha abanjwa kugula.
Ama-Paramedics agjimela khona, kodwana abhalelwa kumhlenga. Umongameli walokha weSewula Africa, uJacob Zuma, wakweriyela umndenakhe akuyowutjhiriya. Wamemezela bona uzokuthola bona uzokungcwatjwa ngurhulumende, nokobana kuzokuphatjhiselwa amaflarha wenarha phasi kusukela ngezi-4 zakaMgwengweni kuze kube lilanga ayokubulungwa ngalo.
U-Albertina watjhiya abentwabakhe, u-Max, Mlungisi, Zwelakhe, Lindiwe, Nonkululeko kanye nabentwanabontwanakhe abayi-26 kanye kanye nenzukulwanezenzukulwane ezintathu.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
UJehova wabusisa uSolomoni ngokuhlakanipha wabe wamupha nelungelo lokwakha ithempeli. Nanyana kunjalo, uSolomoni wajikela uJehova kancanikancani. Nangabe umbelethi, hlathululela umntwanakho ukuthi ukulotjha uZimu kokuzikhuja kwenza uSolomoni wajikela uZimu. Imibuso yaphadlhuka kabili, kwathi amakhosi akhohlakeleko adurhisa iintjhaba, zathoma ukukholelwa eenhlubukini bezalotjha neenthombe. Phakathi nesikhatheso, abaphorofidi bakaJehova bebatlhoriswa bebabulawe. Indlovukazi u-Izebeli, yafaka ikosi yetlhagwini ngehloko ekolelweni yeenhlubuki. Leso kwaba sikhathi sobumnyama emlandweni wakwa-Israyeli. Khonapho, bekusesenabantu abanengi abathembekileko kuJehova phakathi kwama-Israyeli, abanye babo bekuyiKosi uJehotjhafathi nomphorofidi u-Eliya.
Ungathanda ukusifunda ngelinye ilimi
Iimfundo Ongazithola EBhayibhelini
Isethulo Sengcenye 8 | isiNdebele |
Ungathabela ukutjhiya umndenakho nendawo yekhenu bona uyokurhatjha iindaba ezimnandi kwezinye iindawo? Iinkulungwana zaboFakazi zikwenze ngokuphumelelako lokhu, eqinisweni zithi “Nangu mina! Thuma mina.” (Isaya 6:8) Ngokwenza njalo balingise iSithunywa sevangeli esikhulu ukuzidlula zoke, uJesu Krestu.
Yindlela yokulingisa isibonelo sakaJesu. UJesu wathunywa nguZimu asuka ezulwini bona eze ephasini azokuhlala hlangana nabantu abanesono. Nanyana abona ukungabi nabulungiswa, uJesu azange alinge ukutjhugulula umphakathi. Wadzimelela khulukhulu emsebenzinakhe “wokutjhumayela iindaba ezilungileko”—okuyipendulo eemrarweni yesintu. (Luka 4:
Yipilo yokuzidela. Isithunywa sevangeli kufuze siphile ngendlela ejayelekileko, sizivumelanise namasiko, ubujamo bezulu obuhlukileko nokudla okungaba ngokuhlukileko kilokho esikujayeleko. Esikhathini esinengi, kutlhogeka ukufunda elinye ilimi bona ukhulumisane nabantu abasendaweni okiyo. Kungabizela nokuthi usebenzise iinkhwelo zesikade ukuyokufika eendaweni ezikude. Nezizakwenza ukuzidela okunjalo, iinthunywa zevangeli kufuze zithande abantu ezitjhumayela kibo.
Kutlhogeka ukubandulwa okuhle. AboFakazi abanengi abakhonza njengeenthunywa zevangeli baya esikolweni esithatha iinyanga ezihlanu, ISikolo SeBhayibhili SeGiliyadi. Isikolwesi siqinisa ukuthembela kwabo kuJehova, eLizwini lakhe nehlanganweni yakhe. (Iziyema 3:
Kutlhogekani bona ube sithunywa sevangeli?
Ngiyiphi ifundo ekhethekileko efunyanwa ziinthunywa zethu zevangeli? | isiNdebele |
‘[UJehova] wanibiza bona niphume ebumnyameni nize ekukhanyeni kwakhe okukarisako.’—1 PIT. 2:9.
IINGOMA: 116, 102
1. Yitjho ukuthi ngiziphi izinto ezenzeka nakusahlelwa iJerusalema.
NGOMNYAKA ka-607 ngaphambi kokubelethwa kwakaJesu, amajoni-kazi amanengi ahlasela iJerusalema arholwa yiKosi uNebukadinetsari II. IBhayibheli liyasitjela ukuthi mhlokho indlela iingazi ezaphalaka ngayo iyahlahlathelisa ithi, ‘[UNebukadinetsari] wabulala amasokanabo ngesabula endaweni ecwengileko, azange arhawukele amasokana, abantazana, abalupheleko neengoga. . . Athungelela ithempeli [lakaJehova] ngomlilo abhuruza umthangala weJerusalema; atjhisa zoke iingodlo, atjhabalalisa koke okuligugu okwakulapho.’—2 Kron. 36:17, 19.
2. UJehova wabayelelisa njani abantu beJerusalema ngokubhujiswa kwalo, begodu yini ebeyizokwenzeka kumaJuda?
2 Abantu beJerusalema kungenzeka bebazi ukuthi nakuyiJerusalema yona izokuhlaselwa. Phela bese kuminyaka abaphorofidi bakaZimu batjela amaJuda ukuthi nakangasolo aphula imiThetho kaZimu azakunikelelwa ebantwini beBhabheli. Yeke inengi lamaJuda belizokubulawa ngesabula, bese kuthi abazokusala bona-ke bayokuvalelwa esikhungweni seBhabheli bebafe. (Jor. 15:2) Beyinjani ipilo yesikhungwenapho? Njengombana amaJuda athunjelwa eBhabheli, inga-kghani namaKrestu nawo akhe athunjwa? Nangabe kunjalo, athunjwa nini?
INDLELA EBEKUPHILWA NGAYO EKUTHUNJWENI
3. Ukuthunjelwa eBhabheli bekuhluke ngani kunobugqila beGibhide?
3 Izinto abaphorofidi abathi zizokwenzeka, zenzeka bezadlula. UJehova wasebenzisa uJoromiya, weluleka abantu ebebazokuthunjwa ukuthi okukuphela kwento okufuze bayenza kumukela indlela etja yokuphila leyo bebaphile ebujamwenobo. Wathi: “Yakhani iinkumba nihlale lapho [eBhabheli]. Tjalani iimvande nigome iinthelo zakhona. Godu funani ihlalohle yedorobho enginise kilo ekuthunjweni. Lithandazeleni [kuJehova] ngombana nalinehlalohle, nani nizakuba nehlalohle.” (Jor. 29:5, 7) Boke labo abalalela amezwi kaZimu la baphila ngasuthi abakathunjwa. Abantu ebebabathumbile babavumela nokuthi balungise ezinye zeendaba zabo. Bebavumelekile nokuthi bangayikhamba yoke inarha. IBhabheli beliyikaba yezerhwebo emandulo, begodu iincwadi ezivunjululiweko ziveza bona amaJuda aba ziingkhwari zokuthenga nokuthengisa, ngesikhathi abanye badzimelele kwezobukghwari. Amanye amaJuda aba ziingwili. Ukuthunjelwa eBhabheli bekungafani nokuba ziingqila eGibhide.—Funda u-Eksodusi 2:23-25.
4. Ngaphandle kwama-Israyeli amahlongandlebe, bobani abanye abathintwa kuthunjwa, begodu ukulotjha kwabo uZimu bekukhamba kufikephi?
4 Nanyana amaJuda bewaregile nje ngezerhwebo, kghani bewaregile na ngezintweni zakaZimu? Ithempeli lakaJehova ne-aldari lalo bekutjhatjalalisiwe, nehlelo lokusebenza kwabaphristi belingekho. Ebantwini abathunjiweko bekuneenceku zakaZimu ebekungakafaneli bona zijeziswe, kodwana ebezitlhagiswa njengawo woke umuntu esitjhabeni. Kodwana benza abangakwenza bona baphethe umThetho kaZimu. Ngokwesibonelo, uDanyela nabangani bakhe abathathu uShadraki, uMishaka, no-Abhedinigo ngesikhathi baseBhabheli, nabo bazila ukudla okwakuzilwa maJuda. Begodu siyazi ukuthi uDanyela bekahlala athandaza kuZimu. (Dan. 1:8; 6:10) Njengombana bewangaphasi kwamaqaba, amaJuda bekangakghoni ukwenza koke okusemThethweni kaZimu.
5. UJehova wabathembisa ini abantu bakhe, begodu kubayini isithembisweso siqakatheke kangaka?
5 Kghani ama-Israyeli bewazakubuyela na endleleni efaneleko yokulotjha uZimu? Emihleni leyo, amathuba wokwenza njalo bekamancani. Phela iBhabheli alizitjhaphululi iinthunjwa zalo. Bathi nabakha umthethwanyanabo loyo khenge bacabange ngoJehova. UZimu bekabathembisile abantu bakhe bona uzobatjhaphulula. IliZwi lakaZimu aliweli phasi.—Isa. 55:11.
OKWENZEKA EMANDULO KUHLANGANA NJANI NOKWANAMHLANJESI?
6, 7. Kubayini kufuze itlhadlhulwe kabutjha indaba yokuthunjwa liBhabheli lanamhlanjesi?
6 Kghani amaKrestu akhe ahlangana nento epheze ifane naleyo eyenzeka eenthunjweni zeBhabheli? Sekuminyaka eminengi isiThalesi sitjho bona abantu bakaZimu banamhlanjesi bathunjelwa eBhabheli ngo-1918, batjhaphululwa ngo-1919. Kodwana kuneenzathu esizokucoca ngazo kilesisihloko nakesilandelako ezenza silihlole kabutjha iphuzweli.
7 Cabanga ngalokhu: IBhabheli eliKhulu limbuso wephasi wekolo yamala. Yeke, nangabe iBhabheli labathumba ngo-1918, abantu bakaZimu bebazokugqilazwa yikolo emamala ngendlela ethileko. Kodwana iqiniso liveza ukuthi eminyakeni yangaphambi kwePi yePhasi yokuThoma, iinceku zakaZimu ezikhethiweko besezitjhaphuluka eBhabheli eliKhulu, ziphuma ejogweni lalo. Nanyana kuliqiniso ukuthi abakhethiweko bebatlhoriswa emihleni yepi yephasi yokuthoma, isizi ebebaqalene nalo belilethwa babusi bephasi ingasi iBhabheli eliKhulu. Yeke, kubonakala ngasuthi abantu bakaJehova khenge bathunjwe yiBhabheli eliKhulu ngo-1918.
UKUTHUNJELWA EBHABHELI KWENZEKA NINI KUHLEKUHLE?
8. Akhuhlathulule bona ubuKrestu bamambala badungwa njani. (Qala isithombe esisekuthomeni.)
8 NgePentekoste langomnyaka ka-33 emihleni yabapostoli, ummoya ocwengileko wehlela phezu kwamaJuda namaphroselite. AmaKrestu amatjha la aba ‘sisizwe esikhethiweko ubuphristi bobukhosi, isizwe esicwengileko abantu ekungebakaZimu.’ (Funda u-1 Pitrosi 2:9, 10.) Abapostoli ngibo ebebabeke woke amabandla kaZimu ilihlo bekwaba sekufeni kwabo. Kodwana kwathi ngemva kokufa kwabo, kwavela amadoda akhuluma ‘izinto ezingayi ngandlela’ ukuze ‘badurhise abafundi bona balandele bona.’ (IzE. 20:30; 2 Thes. 2:6-8) Inengi lamadoda la bekaneenkhundla eziphezulu ebandleni, bababonisi, kwathi kamuva baba “bobhitjhobhi.” Kwathoma lapho ukuthi kube nabefundisi besondo, ngitjho nanyana uJesu athe: “Nina noke nje nibabafo.” (Mat. 23:8) Amadoda amakhulu la athanda ifilosofi ka-Aristotle noPlato ngeenhliziyo zabo zoke, bathi nabafundisako bafundisa amala, kancanikancani badunga iimfundiso zeliZwi lakaZimu.
9. Hlathulula indlela ubuKrestu bamahlubuka obazibandakanya ngayo emBusweni weRoma, nemiphumela yakhona.
9 Ngo-313 emihleni yabapostoli, umBusi wamaRoma uConstantine wenza ubuKrestu bamahlubuka la baba semthethweni. Kusukela ngesikhatheso, umbuso nekerege kwathoma ukubambisana. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva komhlangano womKhandlu weNicaea, uConstantine obekakhona emkhandlwini lowo wathi u-Arius, obekangakhambisani nemibono yomkhandlu, kuzokufuze abalekele kwenye inarha nakangavumi ukuthi uJesu nguZimu. Ngemva kwesikhathi, iSondo lamaKhatholika ebeselidungwe yifundiso engakalungi le, labekwa ngokomthetho ukuthi libe yikolo yoMbuso weRoma obuswa nguTheodosius I (owaphila kusukela ngo-379-395 C.E.), abosomlando bathi amaRoma amaqaba besele amaKrestu eminyakeni yabo-400. Yeke ngesikhathi ubuKrestu bamahlubuka buzibandakanya neenhlangano zomBuso weRoma ubuKrestobo baba liBhabheli eliKhulu. Ngitjho nanyana amaKrestu akhethiweko wamambala afana nekoroyi bekalinga ngamandla ukulotjha uZimu ngendlela efaneleko, ebebakufundisa bekungatjho litho. (Funda uMatewu 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Nakunjalo-ke bewathunjwe yiBhabheli!
10. Yini eyenza abantu ebebafunda iliZwi lakaZimu bona bathome ukusola izinto ebezifundiswa emasondweni?
10 Ekadeni nokho inengi labantu belikghona ukufunda iBhayibheli ngesiGirigi namkha ngesiLathini. Lokho bekubenza bakghone ukumadanisa phakathi kwalokho okufundiswa masondo wamala nalokho okutjhiwo liliZwi lakaZimu. Ebebakufunda eBhayibhelini kwabenza baphayela ngeqadi yoke imithetho engekho eBhayibhelini eyabekwa masondo wamala. Begodu ukuphikisana nemithetho leyo bekuyingozi, nokubulawa bewungabulawa.
11. IBhayibheli labathobisa njani abafundisi?
11 Kodwana ngokukhamba kwesikhathi amalimi iBhayibheli ebelitlolwe ngawo abantu abanengi besele bangasawazwisisi, godu ngapha namasondo nawo bekenza koke angakwenza ukuze akhandele boke abantu ebebafuna ukutjhugululela iliZwi lakaZimu emalimini akhulunywa babantu. Phela bekubafundisi nabantu abafundileko kwaphela ebesele bakghona ukufunda iBhayibheli, ngitjho nanyana abanye abafundisabo nabo bebangakwazi ukuwafunda nokuwatlola kuhle amalimi lawo. Nanyana ngubani obekangathoma athi uphikisa okutjhiwo lisondo, ekhabo bekuzakuba sentabeni. Yeke abantu ebebathanda uZimu nabafuna ukuhlangana bekufuze bazifihle, begodu nokuhlanganokho nakho bekungenzeka kungabi khona. Njengombana kwenzeka ebantwini bakaZimu nabathunjelwa eBhabheli, abakhethelwe “ubuphristi bobukhosi” nabo bebangasebenzi ngendlela ehleliweko. Maye nakuliBhabheli eliKhulu lona, belibaminyezele abantu bakaZimu!
UMKHANYO SELE UTHOMA UKUBONAKALA
12, 13. Ngiziphi izinto ezimbili ezaba nomthelela ekutjhatjhululweni kwabantu bakaZimu eBhabheli eliKhulu? Hlathulula.
12 Kazi amaKrestu weqiniso azakhe alotjhe uZimu atjhaphulukile? Iye! Ngekupheleni komnyaka ka-15 umkhanyo wathoma ukubonakala lapha nalapha, sithokoza nanzi izinto ezimbili ezasisa tle. Yokuthoma kwabamtjhini wokuphrintha ebewutjhidiswa bulula. Ngesikhathi kungakathonywa ukuphrinthelwa eenarheni ezingancangangapha i-Europe ikhona, iBhayibheli bebalikopolula batlola ngesandla. Ngapha namaBhayibheli nawo bekangathokali lula begodu bekabiza tle. Nabatjhoko bathi phela bekungathatha iinyanga ezilitjhumi zoke bona umkopululi ongumakadabona ukuthi atlole iBhayibheli yinye tere! Ngapha nento ebeyisetjenziswa nakukotjululwako (i-vellum namkha i-parchment) nayo beyibiza khulu! Bese kuthi ukuphrintha iphepha khona, bekuyinto ehle nesebenzisekako. Umuntu obandulwe kuhle bekangaphrintha amaphepha ayi-1 300 ngelanga linye nje kwaphela!
13 Enye yezinto eyaqopha umlando, siqunto esathathwa madoda anesibindi ngeminyaka yabo-16. Atjho athi wona nakuliliZwi lakaZimu, azolitjhugululela emalimini akhulunywa babantu. Abatjhugululi abanengi bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini. Lokho kwawahlangahlanganisa tle amasondo. Abadosi phambili bamasondo bebahlalela evalweni, ngombana bebazi ukuthi nanyana ngimuphi umuntu othanda uZimu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mfazi namkha yindoda nakaphethe iBhayibheli uyongozi tle! Njengombana besele lifumaneka, abantu besele balifunda. Njengombana balifunda, bathoma babuza imibuzo enjengethi: ‘Kanti kukuphi lapha iliZwi lakaZimu likhuluma khona ngesirhogo lapha kutjhiswa khona abantu abahlongakeleko, nalapha ikhuluma khona ngabopapa nama-cardinals?’ Amasondo amanengi akubona kulihlazo lokhu, begodu athi kudelela ukubuza abarholi bamasondo imibuzo le. Amasondo azilwela. Amadoda nabafazi bakhonjwa ngomuno ngombana azange balalele iimfundiso zesondo, ezinye zeemfundiso zakhonezo bezisekelwe kumafilosofi wabarholi bakade bamasondo u-Aristotle noPlato abaphila ngaphambi kokubelethwa kwakaKrestu Jesu. Amasondo akhipha isigwebo sokufa, begodu nomBuso wasisekela isiquntweso. Into ebeyifunwa babantwaba, bekukulisisa abantu ukufunda iBhayibheli nokuthi bangasathomi basole amasondo. Ngezinga elithileko amano la aphumelela. Kodwana kukhona abajama baqina akhenge bavumele ukuthuselwa yiBhabheli eliKhulu. Phela besele bazizwele ukuthi linjani iliZwi lakaZimu, yeke babetha ngenyawo phasi bathi nakuliliZwi lakaZimu lona, angeze salisa ukulifunda! Lokho-ke kwavula indlela yokutjhatjhululwa kwabantu bakaZimu emasondweni wamala.
14. (a) Ngeminyaka yabo-1800, ngibuphi ubujamo obenza abantu bazwisisa amaqiniso weBhayibheli? (b) Akhusihluthululele bona uMzalwana uRussell walilwela kangangani iqiniso.
14 Abantu ebebakufisa kukwazi amaqiniso weBhayibheli, babona kuncono ukuthi babalekele kwezinye iinarha lapho amasondo angalawuli khona. Bebafuna ukufunda bebacoce ngalokho abakufundileko, kungekho umuntu obatjela ukuthi kufuze bakholelweni. Kusenarheni ye-United States kwaphela lapho kwaba khona nehlelo lokufunda iBhayibheli, bekungekupheleni kweminayaka yabo-1800. Omunye wabafundabo bekunguCharles Taze Russell. Ekuthomeni umgomo kaMzalwana uRussell bekukuhlolisisa ukuthi ngiliphi isondo elifundisa iqiniso ngeBhayibheli. Yeke wahlolisisa woke amasondo, ngitjho nalawo angasingewobuKrestu. Afuna ukubona ukuthi ayavumelana nalokho okutjhwo yiBhayibheli na. Kwathi asesephasiphezulu nerhubhululo lakhelo, wabona ukuthi alikho nalinye emasondweni lawo elilandela iliZwi lakaZimu. Wabe wahlela nokuhlangana nabafundisi bamasondo athileko, anethemba lokuthi bazothatha lokho yena namadoda ebekabambisene nawo abakufumene eBhayibhelini, bese abafundisabo bayokufundisa abantu emasondwenabo. Abafundisiba bona-ke base bakuphayela ngeqade koke lokho. Iqiniso abaFundi beBhayibhelabo ebekufuze baqalane nalo ngileli: Bengeze kwaba khona ukubambisana phakathi kwabo nabantu abasekela amasondo wamala.—Funda yesi-2 Korinte 6:14.
15. (a) AmaKrestu athunjwa nini yiBhabheli eliKhulu? (b) Esihlokweni esilandelako sizokuphendula miphi imibuzo?
15 Sesibonile ukuthi amaKrestu athunjelwa eBhabheli ngemva nje kokuhlongakala kwabapostoli. Kodwana kusesenemibuzo malungana nendaba le: Ngibuphi obunye ubufakazi esinabo bokuthi eminyakeni engaphambi kwaka-1914, abakhethiweko bazihlukanisa neBhabheli eliKhulu begodu bangasagqilazwa ngilo? Kuliqiniso na ukuthi uJehova wadana ngebanga lokuthi abantu bakhe baphungula izinga lokutjhumayela hlangana nePi yePhasi yokuThoma? Inga-kghani ukuzibandakanya kwamaKrestu kezepe ngikho okwenza uJehova wadana? Begodu nakhibe amaKrestu agandelelwa masondo wamala kusukela ngekhulu lesibili kuyaphambili, atjhaphululwa nini? Imibuzo le mihle kwamambala. Yeke sizoyiphendula esihlokweni esilandelako. | isiNdebele |
Ihlangano yanamhlanjesi yaboFakazi bakaJehova yathoma ngekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Ngesikhatheso isiqhenyana esincani sabafundi beBhayibheli ebesihlala hlanu kwePittsburgh ePennsylvania e-United States basungula ihlelo lokuhlaziya iBhayibheli. Bebamadanisa okufundiswa emasondweni nalokho kwamambala okufundiswa yiBhayibheli. Barhatjha lokho abakufundileko ngeencwadi, amaphephandaba, nangomagazini namhlanjesi obizwa ngesiThala—Esazisa NgomBuso KaJehova.
Hlangana nesiqhema sabafundi beBhayibheli abathembekilekwabo bekunendoda ibizo layo enguCharles Taze Russell. Nanyana ngesikhatheso bekunguRussell odosa phambili emsebenzini wefundo yeBhayibheli begodu angumhleli wokuthoma wesiThala, bekangasi msunguli wekolo etja. Umnqopho kaRussell nabanye abaFundi beBhayibheli, njengombana isiqhema sabo besibizwa njalo ngesikhatheso, bekukuthuthukisa iimfundiso zakaJesu Krestu nokulandela izenzo zebandla lobuKrestu langekhulu lokuthoma. Njengombana uJesu kunguye umSunguli wobuKrestu, ngalokho simqala njengomsunguli wehlangano yethu.—Kholose 1:18-20. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Natal Mahogany [Trichilia emetica]
Igama lesi-Latin
Trichilia emetica
Ihlathululo
Umuthi omkhulu lo, uhlala uhlaza ngaso soke isikhathi, umqhelo unaba khulu begodu upha nomthunzi ovalekileko. Amakarawo amahle la anombala ohlaza satjani okurhanyazelako. Amathuthumbo anomnuko omndani nombala ohlaza okumthuthu begodu akhiqizwa hlangana namakari aminyeko.
Akghona ukujamelana nesomiso sebusika kanye nombethe. Amaqolo ayatjhelela begodu anombala ozotho okumnyama ukuyela komlotha. Lo mhlobo womuthi onokulahlekelwa makarawo qobe nyaka, begodu ungakhula bewube mamitha amasumi amabili wobude. Amanzanawo i-nectar ibanga iinyosi neenyoni.
Iinthelo ezirondo ziyavuleka nasele zikhule ngokwaneleko, ziveze umbala obovu okuhlabako kanye nembewu enzima evamise ukudliwa ziinyoni. Kesinye isikhathi umuthi uvamise ukukhiqiza amathuthumbo aduna kwaphela, begodu angekhe uthele.
Umsebenzawo
Iimfene zidla amathuthumbo kuthi iinkghabu kanye neempunzi zidle iinthelo. Abantu bemakhaya bafaka imbewu le ngemanzini, nevamise ukutjhiya amanzana alibisi, kesinye isikhathi adliwa nomrorho. Imbewu le kesinye isikhathi idliwa mihlobo yeenyoni. Amafutha aphuma embewini la asetjenziselwa ukunakekela isikhumba begodu asiza ukulapha amathambo.
Amaqolo agayiweko, asetjenziselwa ukugabha kanye nokupeyida, begodu angasetjenziselwa ukwenza idayi ebukhobe. Amathuthumbo akhiqizwa phakathi kwenyanga kaRhoboyi ukuya kuSinyikhaba begodu iinthelwezi zitholakala ukusuka ngoNobayeni ukuya kuSihlabantangana.
Isigodo sakhona sisetjenziselwa idondolo, iinliliswa zomvumo, iinsetjenziswa zangekhaya, ifinitjhara, isigodo somdlalo we-cricket kanye nesikepe esincani.
Indawawo yemvelo
Ingatholakala emahlathini avulekileko kanye namagega nomlambo. Ingatholakala ukusuka e-Sudan ukuya Kwazulu-Natal.
Lapho itholakala khona
Imithi le ama-Natal Mahogany trees itholakala eendaweni ezihlukahlukeneko, ezifana ne-Northern Province kanye ne-KwaZulu-Natal, eSewula Afrika.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwawo
Nanyana imbewo yomuthi lo i-Natal Mahogany trees idliwa nje, nokho kufuneka abantu bayelele bonyana incenye yangaphandle yembewu le iyitjhefu. | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Juni 2013
Isihlokwesi sizokudephisa ukuthokozela kwethu ngemfanelo zakaJehova ezimbalwa ekungafundwa ngazo khulu.kunemfanelo eziyihloko.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Funda indaba yokuphila ka-Elisa Piccioli. Wabulunga umkhumbulo omuhle naphezu kweentjhijilo, ukuzidela, nokulahlekelwa.
Kutjho ukuthini ukungeneka nokungakhethi? Ukuhlola isibonelo sakaJehova uZimu sizosisiza sitjengise iimfanelwezo.
UJehova ubeka isibonelo esipheleleko sokupha nokubonelela. Ukutaditjha isibonelo sakhe kuzosisiza sitjengise iimfanelo ezifanako.
Ukuthembeka nokulibalela ziimfanelo ezithandekako ezilitshwayo lomngani weqiniso. Ukulingisa isibonelo sakaJehova kuzosisiza sihlawulele iimfanelo eziqakathekilekwezi.
Bekubobani ‘amadodana kaZimu weqiniso’ ‘nemimoya ebotjhiweko’ ekukhulunywa ngayo eBhayibhelini?
UJehova, “uMbumbi wethu,” sekabumbe abantu ngitjho neentjhaba. Singafundani kilokho, begodu singazuza njani ekubunjweni nguye namhlanjesi?
Umdala ongumKrestu angazilungiselela njani ekwenzeni ivakatjho lakhe libe ngeliqabulako? Abadala banga khuthaza umuntu odiniweko nodanileko ngokupha ‘isipho esingokomoya.’
Uwafunde kuhle amagadangiso weSithalasokulinda wamva nje? Zihlole, ubune ukuthi ukhumbulani. | isiNdebele |
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Iingilozi ezilikhomba ziphethe iimbetho ezilikhomba (1-8)
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Ingoma kaMosi neyeMvana (3, 4)
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Ungathanda ukusifunda ngelinye ilimi
15 Ngabona ezulwini esinye isibonakaliso, esikhulu nesirarako, iingilozi ezilikhomba ziphethe iimbetho zazo. Lezi ngezamaswaphela, ngombana ngazo ilaka lakaZimu lifika ekugcineni. 2 Ngabona okuthileko okunjengelwandle lerhalasi kuvangwe nomlilo, nalabo abahlula isibandana nomfanekiso waso nesibalo sebizo laso bajame eduze nelwandle lerhalasi, baphethe iindonodono zakaZimu. 3 Bebabhina ingoma kaMosi inceku kaZimu nengoma yeMvana, bathi: “Mikhulu begodu iyarara imisebenzakho, Jehova Zimu, Mninimandla woke. Zilungile begodu ziliqiniso iindlela zakho, Kosi yaphakade. 4 Ngubani ongekhe akusabe na, Jehova, begodu aphazimulise ibizo lakho, ngombana wena wedwa uthembekile? Ngombana zoke iintjhaba zizokuza zilotjhe phambi kwakho, ngombana imiyalwakho elungileko yambuliwe.” 5 Ngemva kwalokhu, ngabona indawo ecwengileko yetende lobufakazi ivulwa ezulwini, 6 kwavela iingilozi ezilikhomba ziphethe iimbetho ezilikhomba zivela endaweni ecwengileko, zimbethe ilineni elihlwengileko, elikhanyako begodu ziziphuthele ngamatjhila wegolide eemfubeni zazo. 7 Esinye seembunjwa eziphilako sanikela iingilozi ezilikhomba izitja zegolide ebezizele ilaka lakaZimu, ophila bekube phakade naphakade. 8 Indawo ecwengileko yazala intuthu ngebanga lephazimulo kaZimu nangebanga lamandlakhe, akakho namunye obekakghona ukungena endaweni ecwengileko bekube kulapho iimbetho ezilikhomba zeengilozi ezilikhomba seziphelile. | isiNdebele |
Ibizo elithi “EUREKA!” litjho bona “Ngiyifumene!” Hlangana neminyaka yabo-1800 yokwenjiwa kwegolide eCalifornia, e-U.S.A., ukurhuwelelwa kwebizweli bekuzwakala lokha abasebenzi bemayini nabafumana igolide. Nokho, uCharles Taze Russell nabaFundi beBhayibheli akunye nabo, bafumana into eqakatheke khulu—iqiniso leBhayibheli. Begodu bebazimisele ukulihlanganyela nabanye.
Ehlobo lango-1914, iingidi zabantu bemadorobheni amakhulu bahlangana bona bayokubukela i-“Photo-Drama of Creation,” ethatha ama-awara abunane, egadangiswe ma-International Bible Students Association (I.B.S.A.). Njengombana beyineenthombe ezinyakazako ezikarisako, nezinemibala emihle khulu, inomuntu oyikhulumela kuhle, begodu inombhino omnandi kwamambala, ibhayisikopo esekelwe eBhayibhelini le, yatjengisa abantu bona indalo yaba khona njani, yahlathulula nangomlando womuntu bekube sekupheleni kweMinyaka eyiKulungwana yokuBusa kwakaJesu Krestu.—IsAm. 20:4. *
Kodwana kuthiwani ngalabo egade bahlala emadorobheni amancani naseendaweni zemakhaya? Njengombana nabo bebomele iqiniso, kwenziwa ilungiselelo lokobana bangaphundwa lilungiselelweli, ngo-Arhostosi 1914 i-I.B.S.A. yatjhaphulula i-“Eureka Drama”—idrama ephathwako le ye-“Photo-Drama” enganazo iinthombe ezinyakazako. Bekuneengcenye ebekungakhethwa kizo, ingcenye ngayinye beyifumaneka ngamalimi amanengi: Ihlelo le-“Eureka X” belinawo woke amagadangiso akhulumela nombhino okhulumela idrama le. Ihlelo le-“Eureka Y” belinawo woke amagadangiso kubandakanye nama-slide anemibala emihle. Begodu i-“Eureka Family Drama,” beyenzelwe bona ibukelwe emakhaya, beyinokukhulunyelwa okukhethiweko nombhino. Ama-phonograph angaduri khulu nemitjhini yokudlalisa idrama le nayo beyifumaneka.
Bekungatlhogeki bona kuphathwe umtjhini wokutjengisa iinthombe namkha iskrini esikhulu, abaFundi beBhayibheli bebangakhamba nebhayisikopo yasimhlala le kunanyana ngiyiphi inarha, bona bayokudlulisa umlayezo womBuso esimini etja. Ihlelo le-“Eureka X” elilalelwako kwaphela bekungakhethwa bona lidlalwa emini namkha ebusuku. Umtjhini wama-slide we-“Eureka Y” bewungadlalwa ngaphandle kokusetjenziswa igesi, bekungasetjenziswa ilampa. Umbiko wesiThala seFinland wathi: “Besingatjengisa iinthombezi nanyana sikuphi.” Kwamambala bekunjalo!
Kunokobana kuqatjhwe indawo ekulu yamabhayisikopo, abaFundi beBhayibheli egade banobukghoni, kanengi bebafumana iindawo simahla, njengamaklasi wesikolweni, iindawo zekhotho, eentetjhini zesitimela begodu neendawo ezikulu zokuthabisa iimvakatjhi. Abanengi bebazibukela bahlezi eentulweni ngaphandle begodu kwendlalwe itjhila elikhulu elimhlophe bona likwazi ukutjengisa iinthombezi. U-Anthony Hambuch watlola: “abosoplasi bazenzela ikundla encani emaplasinabo, yenziwe ngeengodo ezihlukahluneko bona abantu bakghone ukuhlala kiyo bathabele ihlelo.” Isiqhema se-“Eureka” sasebenzisa ikoloyi ebizwa ngokuthi i-“Drama wagon” bona bathwale imitjhinabo, amabhege, amatende nezinto zokupheka.
Inani labalaleli be-“Eureka” belihlukahluka lisuke kwabambalwa kuya kwabamakhulu. E-United States, abama-400 babukela baseenkolweni emadorobheni ali-150. Kezinye iindawo, abanye bebakhamba amakhilomitha abunane bona bayokubona i-“Eureka Drama.” ESweden, abomakhelwana bakaCharlotte Ahlberg egade babuthene emzinakhe omncani “bazizwa bathinteke khulu” nabezwa amagadangiso la. Abanye abayi-1 500 beza bazokubukela umdlalo lo kwenye imayini ekude edorobheni le-Australia. IsiThala sabikezela bona eenkolweni zamabanga aphakemeko nemakholiji, “abophrofesa nabafundi bakarwa ziinthombezi nomdumo omuhle ogadangisiweko we-phonograph.” I-“Eureka Drama” beyidlalwa neendaweni ezidlala amabhayisikopo.
UKUHLAKULELA IMBEWU YEQINISO
I-“Eureka Drama” ibe lithulusi elihle nakuma-“Class Extension Work,” lokho kwenza abaFundi beBhayibheli bathumele iinkhulumi bona zithome amaklasi weemfundo ezitja. Ukuthi bangakhi ababukela i-“Eureka Drama” kubudisi ukutjho. Amahlelo amanengi we-“Drama” asetjenziswa kanengi. Ngalokho, ngo-1915 iinqhema zabika ama-“Drama” ali-14 ukuya ku-86 qobe. Nanyana unghonghoyila ngeembalo ezingakapheleli, umbiko omfitjhani wekupheleni komnyaka waveza bona abantu abangaphezu kwaka-1 million bayibonile i-“Drama” le. Abantu abangaba zi-30 000 ababukela iinthombezi babawa isifundo seBhayibheli.
I-“Eureka Drama” kungenzeka sisenzakalo esingakhunjulwa kangako emlandweni, kodwana e-Australia ukuya e-Argentina, eSewula Afrika ukuya e-British Isles, e-India, begodu neCaribbean, iingidi zabantu zayibukela ibhayisikopo ehlukileko le. Abanengi hlangana nabantwabo bafumana bona iqiniso leBhayibheli—liligugu khulu ukudlula igolide—barhuwelela ibizo bathi “Eureka!” | isiNdebele |
Ayikho into ethabisa ababelethi abamaKrestu ukudlula ukubona umntwanabo ‘azidela athatha isigodo sakhe sokuhlunguphazwa alandele uJesu qobe.’ (Mar 8:34; 3Jw 4) Khuyini ababelethi abangayenza ukusiza abantwababo bona balandele uJesu, banikele ukuphila kwabo kuJehova bebabhajadiswe? Ngiziphi izinto ezitjengisa bona abantwana bakulungele ukuthatha igadango eliqakathekileko lokobana babhajadiswe?
Funda “Umyalezo Oya Kubazali AbangamaKristu” emakhasini 165-166 encwadini ethi Ukuhlelelwa Ukwenza Intando KaJehova, bese uphendula imibuzo nasi: | isiNdebele |
Igama
Mabomvananofanaumabomvanawetlhagwini Sharpe's Grysbok or Northern Grysbok [Raphicerus sharpei]
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Lomhlobo wepunzana encani nayicathaniswa nomhlobo we-Cape Grysbok begodu inamahloni khulu, injalo nje inomzimba oqinileko kanye noboya bombala obonakala ubomvana khudlwana. Nasele iyikulu ibanesilinganiso sobudisi esimakhilogremu abunane kanye nesilinganiso sobude bokuphakama obumamilimitha amakhulu amahlanu (500 mm).
Ukuqarheka kwemibala yamaboya wesikhumba sayo emhlana kanye nemahlangothini kunyenza ibonakale imatsikana khulu ngombala othanda ukubamlotha. Ziimpongo kwaphela eziba neempondo ezide ngesilinganiso esimamilimitha amasumi asithandathu ukuya kalikhulu (60-100 mm).
Ukudla
Ipunzana le iziphilela ngokukhamba idobha amakhambi nofona amakara, iimilo ezincani nemitjhana esatlhurhako. Kesinye isikhathi zidla imirabhu yotjani, iinthelo, amathuthumbo nakakhona, zinjalo nje zidla neentjalo ebusuku.
Ukuzalanokukhulisa
Ngebanga lokuphila ipilo embeswe ziimfihlo, lincani ilwazi eligadangisiweko ngepunzana le, kodwana okukhona kukuthi izala ilamjana linye ngemva kwesikathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezilikhomba.
Ukuziphatha kwazo
Zivamise ukuphila ngayinye, emini ziyalala nakutjhisako kuthi ebusuku kanye nangeenkhathi zekuseni zikhambe zizuma ukudla bezidle notjani.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Ine zenzo ezifanako nezaleyo efana nayo emhlobo wayo wephondolwandle (CapeGrysbok), kodwana yona itholakala eentabeni ze-Lebombo ezisetlhagwini-pumalanga yesiFunda seMpumalanga ukungenelela etlhagwini. Ubujamo ngokugcinwa kwazo abaziwa kodwana lomhlobo oyindlala khulu wepunzi.
Ibuthelelolwazi emangwenazo
Eziduna nezisikazi zineendawo zazo nofana iinfunda zazo ezizitshwaya ngomsuqwazo. Ipunzana le ikheyabonwa ihlala eemgodini efana naleyo yeemfarigi zomango. | isiNdebele |
Utjani bemadlelweni bunamandla namaphrotheyini amanengi lokha nabusakhululako. Utjani obusakhulako bunamanzi amanengi enza bona iimbuzi ezimunyisako namaputwana wazo zingakghoni ukubudla ngobunengi ngendlela engazinikela amandla aneleko emzimbeni.Ukungezelela, utjani bemadlelweni lokha nabubabudala, indlela obunambitheka ngayo nobuginyeka ngayo iya tjhuguluka, kungakho kuqakathekile ukuzombeleza amadlelo ukwenzela bona utjani butlhurhe godu.
Nasele kusikhathi sonyaka lapho utjani bungasatlhurhi khona, iimbuzi zidla ihayi.
Utjani i-Ryegrass bona bunambitheka kamnandi bekufike iskhathi lapho bubabudala khona okwenzeka ngenyanga kaKhukhulamungu kufikela ngeyakaSewula. I-Kikuyu ibamakghwakghwa nesele kuzokuphela isikhathi sehlobo. Kuqakathekile bona uyelele ungaphi ifuyo ukudla okunamandla namaprotheyini amanengi njengekoroyi nofana isoya ngombana ziyabiza. Ungaphi iimbuzi zebisi ukudla okuncani khulu ngombana uthi ulindele amadlelo bona azokuba notjani, lokhu kungehlisa ukukhiqiza eembuzini.
Isikhathi sokudla emadlelweni kufanele silinganiswe sikhambelane nesikhathi sokuvundisa nokuthelelela kwamadlelo. Nawuqeda ukuvundisa kuqakathekile bona utjhiye isikhathi esilingeneko ngaphambili kobana utjanobo budliwe zimbuzi wenzele ukwehlisa ingozi yetjhefu engatholakala etjanini obuthelwe isivundisi. Kufanele bona utjani obumakghwakghwa busikiwe ngeenkhathi eziphezulu zonyaka.
Ukungezelela Ukudla Kweembuzi Ngamadlelo
Utjani bemadlelweni bunomthiya obalulekileko, ikinga ekulu kukhetha i-dry matter (DM) etholaka etjanini bemadlelweni. Lokha iimbuzi nazithola ama-concentrates amanengi, zingatjhugulula ihlelo lazo lokudla zidle kancani emadlelweni. Utjani bemadlelweni nabunganakhwalithi, bungangezelelwa nge-200-300 gm yama-concentrates isilwane ngasinye qobelanga ngokuya kweminyaka yazo. Ilihlo lomthengisi libalulekile njemgombana umfuyi kufanele aqale bona iimbuzi zilamukela njani itjhuguluko etjanini obukhona.
Umfuyi kufuze alinganise i-DM ayilindeleko etjanini bamadlelo bekaphe ama-concentrates angezelelweko ngendlela efaneleko. Nakwenzekako bona umfuyi asole bona i-DM kufuze ibe yinengi ukudlula isilinganiso, baphungule iretjhiyo yama-concentrate. Umkhiqizo webisi nawungehla ngonobangela wetjhuguluko ekudleni, kungenziwa isiqiniseko sokobana umkhiqizo webisi ungehleli phasi futhi ngokunikela ama-concentrate. Iimbuzi zebisi zitlhoga isiphila ekudleni kwazo ukuzilekelela bona zikghone ukumunyisa.
Iimbuzi ezisidisi (eenyangeni ezine zokuthoma zokubasidisi) kufanele zidle emadlelweni amahle ama-awara ayi-5/qobelanga begodu angezelelwe nge-5kg yefuru ehlaza ngelanga, eenyangeni zokugcina zokuzithwala, lokhu kukhuliswe kufike ku-7kg qobelanga kungezelelwe ukudla okuma–concentrate eziphiwa khona nge-250-400gm qobelanga esilwaneni ngasinye. Amadlelo amahle kufanele aphe imbuzi engamunyisiko zoke iinthako ezitlhogako, kodwana angatlhoga ama-concentrates ayi-150 - 200 gm/qobelanga emadlelweni angasi mahle.
Iimbuzi kufuze zithole ikhwalithi ephezulu yamaminerali enzelwe iimbuzi kwaphela. Lokhu kufanele kube nekhopha eyaneleko bezithambe zingabi liblogo eliqinileko lamaminerali.
Amagciwane Emaputwaneni adla Utjani
Kufikela eenyangeni ezintathu zobudala, iputwana lembuzi lithola umvango webisi (lembuzi nofana lekomo), ukudla kwefuyo okuhlaza nokuzidlela ukwakha umzimba kufakwa endaweni ekhethekileko lapho iimbuzi ezidala zingekhe zangena khona. Kusukela elangeni lesi-90 amaputwana uyavulelwa ayokudla emadlelweni ama-awara ayi-8 ngelanga. Ukudla okungezelelweko okunamaprotheyini ayi15-18% kudliwe qobe langa; ekulinganiselwa ku-125-200gm isilwaneni ngasinye ngelanga. Ziphe ifuru ebusuku nofana ngeskhathi sonyaka lapha izulu lina khona.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Ngaphandle kokobana ukumdingiswa kwenza bona angarhoni ukuya lapha afuna ukuya khona, uWinnie Mandela waragela phambili ngokuzibandakanya emtlhagweni wokuninwa ngobuhlanga.
Ngonyaka ka-1969 wabotjhwa ngaphasi komthetho i-section 6 yomthetho yabavukela urhulumende okhabe utlhadlhula bona nanyana ngubani angabotjhwa ngaphandle kokuphiwa i-warrant abotjhwe ngaphandle kokuthola irhelebho lezomthetho nange basolela bona uyingozi emthethweni nekuhlaleni kuhle.
Lokha nakabotjhiweko uWinnie wavalelwa yedwa iinyanga eziyi-18, amalanga wokuthoma ayi-200 awahlala lapho gade angakavunyelwa kobana angahlangana nabantu, ngaphandle kwalabo ebekumapholis amhlohla ngemibuzo. Ngeseleni akade akiyo khabe kunengubo ezintantu, ezinamatsetse, ezinunomka umthundo, kanye nebhodlela leplayistiki; ibhigiri kanye nethunda eliyiskiki elinganasbambo.
Ilerhe elingakavalwa ekabe likhanya ngaphezu kwenhloko zakhe ngaso soke isikhathi, elenza bona angahlukanisi bona sebusuku namkha sekuseni na. Khabe bamtlhagisa ngendlela enesihlungu. UWinnie khabe bamkhandela kobana alale amalanga amahlanu lokha abasetjhi bamphosa ngemibuzo.
Muva baletha esinye isibotjhwa wabukela sitlhoriswa naso. Abasetjhi bamtjela bona ukungafuni kwakhe ukukhuluma kwakumthelela wokobana batlhorise umuntu loyo kanye nezinye iimbotjhwa.
Ngemva kokobana abambelelele ukutlhoriswa amalanga ambalwa nangemva kokobana abone kutlhoriswa ezinye iimbotjhwa. UWinnie wagcina sele athembisa ukuphendula imibuzo yabasetjhi. Umlandu wakhe wathoma ukukhamba ikhotho ngoNobanyeni ka-1969 okwarholela ekutheni akhutjhwe ngaphandle kokutholwa amlandu.
Khabe angakavunyelwa ukusuka kwakhe hlangana kwaka-6 am ukuya ngo-6 pm. UWinnie wakweriyela ubabakhe eTranskei ngaphambi kokobana ukudingiswa kwakhe kuthome. Ngombana iskhathi ekhabe agcina ngaso ukukhuluma noyise kwakukulokha uyise asadlhadlhabezwe yisistimu yendawo egade zenzelwe abantu abanzima ngebala bodwa, wabeka phambili urhulumende webandlululo. Wakhamba wayokukweriyela indodakhe uNelson Mandela, eRobben Island nalokha asadingisiweko.
Nanyana amkweriyele njalo, benza kobana kube budisi kobana akhulume nendodakhe ngokutjhaphuluka, uWinnie wakhamba angakaneli. Ekhaya nakhona kwabamzukuzuku. Amapholisa bekalokhu aragele phambili ngokumtlhorisa amngenela kwakhe, amonele, aphule nanyana abethe umuzi ngebhomu. Nanyana kunjalo uWinnie wabambelela, waqina waragela phambili nokubanikeza umlayezo wokobana abamthusi.
UWinnie wabotjhwa godu ngonyaka ka-1973, ngebanga lokobana wahlangana nomunye umuntu odingisiweko uPeter Magubane. Wahlala iinyanga ezilisumi nahlanu ejele le-Kroonstad labafazi, kodwana wathola ukuhlala lapho kungasibudisi khulu, watjhatjhululwa ngemva kwenyanga ezisithandathu kwaphela.
Lokha umthetho wokudingiswa kwakhe nawuphelako ngonyaka ka-1975 akhange usavuselelwa. Waragela phambili wazibandakanya eendabeni zomtjhagalo wabafundi beSoweto/-Soweto Student uprisings yonyaka ka-1976. Warhelebha ukutlama ihlangano yababelethi i-Soweto Parents’ Association wakhamba akweriyela labo abalimalako nanyana abavalelwa nakwenziwa umtjhagalo wabafundi loyo.
Nanyana uWinnie khabe awusekela kwaphela umtjhagalo loyo, urhulumende wakhomba yena, wathi nguye unobangela wawo. Bambopha, bamvalela iinyanga ezihlanu ngaphambi kokobana bamnikeze omunye umthetho wokumudingisa ngonyaka ka-1977.
Unyaka ka-1977 kwabamnyaka lapha uWinnie bamdingisa khona endaweni enethuli i-Brandfort esesi fundeni se-Free State. Kwakukulapho akatelelwa khona kobana ahlale iminyaka ebunane. Amapholisa akade asebenzela urhulumende atjela abahlali beBrandfort kobana uWinnie uyingozi nokobana bangazibandakanyi naye nakancani.
Nanyana kunjalo, uWinnie akhange aphela amandla warhona ukuphilisana nomphakathi okhabe umzombelezileko. Lokha ase-Brandfort wathoma i-kitchen soup, nalapha khabe benza khona ingadi bamphakathi ngokuhlanganyela, indawo yezamaphilo engumakhambangendlwana, ikulisa, iklabhu yokuthunga, kanye nehlangano yendandani kanye nabantwana abancani abaphula umthetho.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Ngokwesiko abafazi bamaVenda gade banganabujamo obuphasi njengabafazi bezinye iintjhaba eenqhemeni zeSewula Africa. Ngejaridini lakhe, umfazi kade alawula, kade abafazi abadala gade badlala indima eqakathekileko efundweni, baqoqela iinzukulwani iindatjana bazombeleze umlilo.
Abafazi gade bavunyelwe kokobana babe nomuzi, okuvamise kobana uthole kobana baphiwe bomayise, kodwana babapha wona kwaphela nange banganayo indlalifa eyindodana. Kuyenzeka kobana umfazi adlale indima yokuba ngumjaphethe nange indodana ekufanele bonyana ithathe iskhundla isese yincani, begodu ikosi iyarhona bona ibeke udadwabo kobana abe yinduna nanyana u-mukoma. Kunobukhosi obutholakala e-Mianzwi begodu sebudlulisenwe ngaphaki emndenini iminyakanyaka.
UMakhadzi, ukokungodadwabo omdala wehloko yekhaya, gade azi iimfihlo zomndeni begodu anamalungelo amanengi ebantwaneni bakamnakwabo. Iminyanya eminengi gade yngeze yenziwa angekho, begodu nange gade kubekwa ikosi gade adlala indima ekulu ekuthatheni isiqunto sokobana ngubani ikosi elandelako.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
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OKWENZA KUQAKATHEKE: Imihlangano isinikela amathuba wokobana ‘sivumele uJehova’ begodu ‘simdumise.’ (Rhu 149:1) Emihlanganweni, sifundiswa bona senze intando kaZimu. (Rhu 143:
INDLELA ESINGAKWENZA NGAYO:
Mkhambisele isimemo ngokurhabako. Akukafuzi ulinde bekube kulapho isifundo seBhayibheli sesithonyiwe.—sAm 22:17
Hlathululela umuntu othabela ukufunda bona khuyini angakulindela nokuthi kuzokucocwa ngani emhlanganweni olandelako. Okulandelako kungakusiza malungana nalokhu: Isimemo semihlangano yebandla, ividiyo ethi, Kwenzekani EWolweni LomBuso?, nencwajana ethi, Bobani Abenza Intando KaJehova Namhlanjesi? isifundo 5 no-7
Msize. Kghani umuntu othabela ukufunda lo uyakutlhoga na bona akhwezwe asiwe emhlanganweni namkha isizo lokukhetha izambatho ezifaneleko? Hlala naye emhlanganweni, begodu umtjengise iincwadi ezifundwako. Mazise kwabanye | isiNdebele |
iManifesto yeGirona yamaLungelo wamaLimi – isiNdebele
13 May 2011
I-PEN International iletha ndawonye abatloli bephasi.
Eminyakeni elitjhumi nahlanu eyadlulako kwathonywa ukwenziwa tjhatjhalazi isiMemezelo sePhasi loke samaLungelo wamaLimi emphakathini weBarcelona senziwa liKomidi lamaLungelo weLimi nokuTjhugulula le-PEN International.
IKomidi yona leya ibuthene namhlanjesi eGirona imemezela iManifesto yeenkambisolawulo ezilitjhumi eziphakathi zesiMemezelo sePhasi loke.
1. Ukwahluka ngamalimi sisipho sephasi ngalokho kufanele kuhlonitjhwe begodu kuvikelwe.
2. Ukuhlonipha amalimi woke namasiko kuyindlela esisekelo esisa ekwakheni nekubulungeni ubujamo bekulumo kanye nokuthula ephasini.
3. Abantu ngabanye bafunda ukukhuluma emphakathini okuyindlela ebanikela ipilo, ilimi, isiko nokuvela bona babobani.
4. Amalimi ahlukahlukeneko neendlela ezahlukahlukeneko zokukhuluma akusizo iindlela zokuthintana kwaphela; ziyiindlela godu zokukhula komuntu begodu kwakhiwa namasiko.
5. Woke umphakathi wamalimi unelungelo lokobana ilimi lawo lisetjenziswe njengelimi elisemthethweni esifundeni salo.
6. Ilimi elikhulunywa esikolweni kufanele lingezelele elimini elidumileko elikhulunywa mphakathi wamalimi waleso sifunda
7. Kuyadingakala bona izakhamizi zibe nelwazi elinabileko lamalimi ahlukahlukeneko ngombana lokho kuletha izwelo nokuvuleka engqondweni begodu kuletha ilwazi elidephileko elimayelana nelimi lomuntu ngamunye.
8. Ukutjhugulula amagama wokutloliweko khulukhulu umsebenzi omkhulu wamasiko ahlukahlukeneko, kuletha ukuqakatheka okukhulu kokuzwisisa nokuhloniphana hlangana nabantu.
9. Iimbikiindaba ziimpikara ezihle zokwenza bona ukwahlukahlukana ngamalimi kusebenze begodu zikhuphule idumo lawo amalimi.
10. Ilungelo lokusebenzisa nokuvikela ilimi kufanele liqalelelwe ziinTjhaba eziBumbeneko njengamalungelo aqakathekileko wabantu.
IKomidi ye-PEN International yokuTjhugulula namaLungelo wabaNtu
EGirona, 13 zakaMrhayili 2011 | isiNdebele |
IHlelo 1: IFlarha Yesitjhaba
- Iflarha yesitjhaba yincani; inobude obubuyelelwe kanye nesiquntu kunobubanzi.
- Inzima, isagolide, ihlaza satjani, imhlophe, inokubovu okusabilibili begodu ihlaza samkayi
- Inesibumbeko saka-Y esihlaza satjani esibubunye besihlanu obubanzi njengeflarha. Amalayini aphakathi webhendi athoma emakhoneni aphezulu nenzasi hlanu komphetho weflarha, ahlangana phakathi kweflarha, aragele phambili ngokuvundlileko ukutjhinga phakathi komphetho otjhaphulukileko.
- Ibhendi ehlaza satjani inomphetho, ngehla nangenzasi omhlophe, begodu nayitjhinga ekupheleni kweflarha inokusagolide. Omunye nomunye umphetho unobubanzi obububunye besihlanu njengeflarha.
- Uncantathu ohlanu kwesiphetho seflarha unzima.
- Ibhendi engehla evundlileko ibovu sabilibili kuthi ibhendi engenzasi evundlileko ibe hlaza satjani. Amabhendi la ngayinye ibubanzi obusithathu seflarha.
Black = Nzima
Gold = Golide
White = Mhlophe
Green = Hlaza satjani
Red = Bovu sabilibili
Blue = Hlaza samkayi | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Janabari 2017
IsiThalesi sineehloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngomhlaka-27 Febherbari kuya ngomhlaka-2 Apreli 2017.
Inengi labodade elitjhumayela kwezinye iinarha, ekuthomeni belingabaza. Into esizibuza yona kukuthi basifumanephi isibindi esingaka? Begodu yini abayifundileko ngokutjhumayela eenarheni abangakakhuleli kizo?
UJehova ukuthabela khulu ukusenzela izinto esibhalelwa ukuzenzela zona thina ngokwethu. Kodwana ufuna nathi senze okusemandlenethu bona sizisize. Umtlolo womnyaka ka-2017 usisiza njani bona sibe nombono ofaneleko
Iyini ikululeko yokuzikhethela begodu iBhayibheli lisifundisani ngayo? Ungatjengisa bona uyayihlonipha ikululeko yabanye yokuzikhethela?
Kuyini ukuthobeka, kubandakanya ini, begodu kuhlobana njani nokwazi ukuthi amandlethu akhamba afikephi? Kubayini buyifanelo eqakathekileko bona siyihlakulele?
Singahlala njani sithobekile lokha ubujamo bethu nabutjhugulukako, nasinyefulwa namkha sibukwa, nalokha siqalene nokungalazi ikusasa?
Intanga edala ingayisiza njan intanga etja bona ilungele ukuthwala imithwalo engeziweko? Intanga etja yona ingatjengisa njani bona iyabahlonipha esele bakhambile ngeminyaka?
Abantu bakade bebawuthwala njani umlilo nabanekhambo? | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Novemba 2017
IsiThalesi sineenhloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngoDisemba 25 2017 kuya kuJanabari 28, 2018.
Nakhibe uphathwa ziinhloni nakufuze ubhine nebandla, ungawahlula njani amazizo la udumise uJehova ngephimbo lakho?
Ihlelo lamadorobho wobuphephelo ebewasetjenziswa kwa-Israyeli asifundisa okukhulu ngendlela uZimu alibalela ngayo.
Amadorobho wobuphephelo asitjelani ngomusa kaJehova? Asifundisani ngombono kaJehova ngokuphila? Aveza njani ukuthi uJehova unobulungisa?
Singasebenzisa isikhathi sethu, amandla nezinye izinto zethu bona sisekele umsebenzi wokutjhumayela ngomBuso.
Soke kufuze sisebenze ngamandla ukwenzela bona singasilaphazwa kucabanga kwephasi. Akhubone nanzi izinto ezihlanu eziveza indlela abantu abangamlothiko uZimu abacabanga ngayo.
Ngemva kobana uPowula akhumbaza amaKrestu ngethemba lawo elihle, ngethando wawanikela iinyeleliso.
Nakungenzeka kufuze ufudukele kelinye ibandla, ungaba nokusaba. Yini engakusiza ujayele? | isiNdebele |
Sekudlule isikhathi esingaba mnyaka uJwanisi uMbhabhadisi adlhunywe ngejele. Kodwana, usafumana imibiko yezinto ezihle uJesu azenzako. Cabanga ukuthi uJwanisi uzizwa njani abafundi bakhe nabambikela bona uJesu uvuse indodana yomhlolokazi eNayini. Nokho uJwanisi ufuna uJesu azikhulumele bunqopha ukuthi zitjho ukuthini izinto azenzako. Nje-ke uJwanisi ubiza abafundi bakhe ababili. Ubabizelani? Ubathuma kuJesu bona bayombuza bathi: “Kghani nguwe ozako, namkha kufuze silindele omunye?”—Lukasi 7:19.
UJwanisi angayibuza njani intwenje? Phela uJwanisi yindoda ezinikele kuZimu, okwathi nayibhabhadisa uJesu eminyakeni ethi ayibe mibili edlulileko, yabona ummoya kaZimu unjengejuba wehlela kuJesu begodu yezwa nelizwi lakaZimu lokumamukela. Nokho singacabangi bona ukukholwa kwakaJwanisi sekuyabogaboga. Ngathana bekunjalo, uJesu bengekhe ambuke njengombana enza namhlanjesi. Yeke nangabe uJwanisi akabuziswa kuzaza, ubuzelani?
Kungenzeka uJwanisi ufuna isiqinisekiso esiphuma kuJesu ngenyama sokuthi unguMesiya. Lokho bekuzokuqinisa uJwanisi njengombana abhadla ejele. Kubonakala ngasuthi umbuzo kaJwanisi unomunye umqondo godu. Uyazazi iimphorofido zeBhayibheli ezithi, Ozesiweko kaZimu uzokuba yikosi nomsindisi. Kodwana kuthe ngemva kokubhajadiswa kwakaJesu, uJwanisi wabotjhwa. Nje, sekaneenyanga ezinengi asejele. Nje-ke, uJwanisi ubuza ukuthi kusazokuba nomunye ozako na, ozokulama uJesu, ozokuqedelela koke ebekubikezelwe ukuthi kuzokwenziwa nguMesiya.
Kunokuthi avele atjele abafundi bakaJwanisi ukuthi, ‘Nginguye loyo obekazokuza,’ uJesu unikela ubufakazi bokuthi usekelwa nguZimu, ngokuthi alaphe abantu abanengi abaphethwe magulo ahlukahlukeneko. Ngemva kwalokho uthi ebafundini bakaJwanisi: “Khambani niyokubikela uJwanisi ngenikuzwako nenikubonako: Iimphofu ziyabona, iinrhole ziyakhamba, abanobulepheru bayahlanjululwa, abangezwako bayezwa, abahlongakeleko bayavuswa, nabadududu batjelwa iindaba ezimnandi.”—Matewu 11:4, 5.
Umbuzo kaJwanisi utjengisa nokuthi kungenzeka ulindele bona uJesu uzokwenza okudlula lokho akwenzako nje, mhlamunye amkhuphe ejele. Kodwana uJesu utjela uJwanisi ukuthi angalindeli okudlula imikarisomraro ayenzako.
Abafundi bakaJwanisi nabakhambako, uJesu uqinisekisa isiqubuthu ukuthi uJwanisi akasimphorofidi nje kwaphela. ‘Usithunywa’ sakaJehova ekuphorofidwe ngaso kuMalaki 3:1. Godu uJwanisi mphorofidi u-Elija, ekubikezelwe ngaye kuMalaki 4:5, 6. UJesu uyahlathulula uthi: “Ngiqinisile ngithi kini, kibo boke abantu abakhe babelethwa, akhenge kuvele omkhulu kunoJwanisi uMbhabhadisi, kodwana omncani emBusweni wezulu mkhulu kunaye.”—Matewu 11:11.
Ngokuthi omncani emBusweni wezulu mkhulu kunoJwanisi, uJesu utjengisa ukuthi uJwanisi angekhe abuse naye ezulwini. UJwanisi walungiselela uJesu indlela, kodwana uhlongakala ngaphambi kokuthi uKrestu avule indlela etjhinga ezulwini. (Hebheru 10:19, 20) UJwanisi mphorofidi kaZimu othembekileko, begodu uzokuphila ephasini ngaphasi komBuso kaZimu. | isiNdebele |
Kunzima khulu ukuqeda umhlobo lo weenunwana ezimunya iingazi, begodu lokho kwenza bonyana ukuzikhandela kuqakatheke khulu. Umhlobo lo weenunwana mncani kunobusayisayi, uhluka phakathi kwetjhumi lesilinganiso esimalimitha ukuyela elimimitheni ngobude.
Kunzima khulu ukuthi uwubone, ngaphandle kwalokha nazikhamba lapho kunomkhanyo omnengi.
Njengombana ubusayisayi bunemilenze esithandathu nje, iinunwananezi ziba nemilenze ebunane nasele zizidala begodu isibungu sazo siba nemilenze esithandathu. Imihlobazo eminengi ibumbeke njengebholo, begodu zinencenye eyibonakala njenge siqu lapho umlomo uvame ukuba khona.
Zinjani nawuziqalileko?
Imihlobo emithathu engemikhulu ehlukumeza khulu iinkukhu ngebovu (red mites) bezaziwa nangokuthi ngezeenkukhu, i-northern fowl mites ne-scaly leg mites.
Ama-red mites anombala omlotha okumhlotjhana, kodwana aba nombala obovu okukhanyako ngemva kokumunya ingazi ngokukwaneleko. Inunwana le iqeda ilanaga layo loke izifihle hlangana namaphadlhuka eduze ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo nalapho imunya khona bese isahlela iinkukhu ebusuku.
Ama-Northern fowl mites zinombala omlotha nofana onzima begodu ziqeda ipilwazo yoke zisekukhwini, kanengi magega nesitho sokukhupha uthuvi. Ukwanda kwazo kungabangela bonyana iinsiba zigcine sele zinombala onzima njengombana zizobe zibelelela khonapho.
Ngokuhlukileko nawuqathanisa i-Northern fowl mites ne-red mites, i-scaly leg mites ilimaza imilenze yeenkukhu kwaphela.
Amatshwayo weentjhabalalisi?
Ukumunya kweenunwana ezimbilezi i-red mites and northern fowl mites kungabangela bonyana iinkukhu zibe buthakathaka bezigcine sele zikhiqiza amagcikwana nofana i-anaemia, ngokuthi iinkukhu zigcine sele zinesidlhogoriya nesilevu esifipheleko. Iinkukhu zingehla nemzimbeni bezibe buthakathaka zigcine zibanjwa lula malwele.
Iinsiba zekukhu esahlelweko ziyahlangahlangana, iyahlubeka begodu lokho kuvame ukurholela ekuhlubekeni kweensiba nokwenza isikhumba sigcine sele sibovu.
Umhlobo we-Scaly leg mites wemba bewubhace ngaphasi kwesikhumba yemilenzeni neenyawo, zibangela ukuvuvuka nokuba makghwakghwa. Iinkukhu ezingalatjhwako zingagcina sele zingasakhambi beziphethe ngokufa.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi | isiNdebele |
Ukulawula iinlwane zomango, umonakalo obangwa zinlwanezi kutlhogeka kobana uwazi. Amamaraga wokulunywa, ukonakala kwamathambo, amaphetheni wokudla, iincephu zenhluthu kufanele kutjhejwe nakho lokha nakutholwa islwane esizumakwesi.
Ujakalasi Onzima
Ujakalasi onzima ufana nenja. Inamatjhatjhani amhlophe okungeneleleko emgogodlheni inomsila onzima nendlebe ezikulu eziqondileko ezibomvu. Bakhula babe yi-115 cm ngobude ezidala zihlangana kwe-7 kanye ne-10 kg.
Iimporo zayo zifana nezenja, zakheke saqanda begodu zitjengisa imaraga yamazipho, amazipho wazo made akasidege khulu. Zinlwane eziya ngokobana sikhathi siphi sonyaka, bazikhambela bodwa nanyana bakhambe nomndeni. Itjhwayo lokuthoma abalenzako nabatjengisa kobana balungele ukuya emsemeni kukhonkotha khulu ukusukela ngoMrhayili nanyana ngoGwengweni, abasabe basakhonkotha khulu nabathoma ukuya emsemeni, ngombana abafuna ukutjhiya umkhondo wokobana bazifihlephi.
Lokha nabakhonkotha nakutjhinga ilanga nalokha naliphumako vane baseduze kwendawo yabo yokuphumula, kodwana lokha nabakhonkotha nanyana kukunini vane balapha bazuma khona nanyana eduze kwalapha bahlala khona.
Ngeskhathi sokuya emsemeni, abafuni litho endaweni yabo, begodu baqotha ngitjho nabojakalasi abancani abababelethe ngeskhathi esidlulileko. Abojakalasi abasikazi bazithwala amalanga ayi-63 babelethe ukusukela ngoRhoboyi ukuya ngoSinyikhaba.
Abentwababo bababelethela endaweni enzima, ngaphasi endaweni lapha bahlala khona. Abojakalasi abasikazi bahlala nabentwababo iimveke zokuthoma ezintathu, ngeskhatheso abaduna kutlhogeka bona babuthelele ukudla bakuletha lapha bahlala khona. Ngesinye isikhathi ujakalasi omncani obelethwe eskhathini esidlulileko uyarhelebha naye ngokuletha ukudla ekhaya.
Abentwana babojakalasi bafuduselwe endaweni yokuhlala etja ngeskhathi banemveke ezine. Abentwana babojakalasaba bahlala eduze kwezindlu zabo baze babebadala ngokwaneleko ukukhamba nabojakalasi abadala ngoTjhirhweni, nangoMhlolanja. Abentwana bobojakalasi abanzima babadala ngokwaneleko kobana bazikhambele babodwana ngoMrhayili nangoSihlabantangana. Ngemva kwalokho bahlala eduze kwemakhabo, basebenzise imigodi yokuzifihla kwaphela nabatlhoga ukubaleka.
Indlela Ababulala badle Ngayo
Abojakalasi abanzima bavamise ukugijimisa iinlwane abazizumako bazilume ehloko ehlangothini. Kubanamatjhwayo abonakalako hlangana nendlebe kanye namehlo nanyana indlebe yeslwane esizunywako izabe idabukile. Amatjhwayo wokulunywa angaba ngemva kwenyawo nanyana emabeleni.
Abojakalasi bavamise ukuthatha isilwane sinye abasibuleleko, begodu bavamise ukuzuma izimvu ezinganamandla kanye nenkomo namakonyani. Ujakalasi angahlasela ikomo elele phasi nanyana ikonyani nanyana athome adle ikonyana lokha nalivelako nanyana nalisamunyako nanyana lilidle emilenze yangemva.
Indlela abadla ngayo le, kukobana bathome badle islwane emathunjini nanyana endawenin yangasese, batjhiye iskhumba silenga ngemva kobana badle okungaphakathi. Bakhipha amathumbu emzimbeni badle kwangaphakathi okuthambileko okufana nehliziyo, isbindi kanye nezinso. Badla namathambo wembambo ekugcineni. Bavamise ukungasusi umzimba weslwane abasibambileko endaweni abasibulalele kiyo.
Ukubatlhogomela
Ukutlhogonyelwa kwabo kufanele kwenziwe ngehloso yokobana kususwe naba abatjhwenyako. Ifensi yokuvalela abojakalasi, ekuyifensi engaba yi-1.2 m ngobude, evuleke nge-74 mm, nanyana ifensi yegezi, itjhada, umkhanyo kanye nama-detterent enza itjhado, abelusi kanye nokuvalela ifuyo esibayeni sazo ebusuku kungakhandela kobana abojakalasi bakonele.
Abafuyi abathanda ukuzuma ebusuku nanyana abazuma ngezinja bazuma abojakalasi abanzima abenza umonakalo kutlhogeka bona babe nemvume ebuya emnyangweni wezokutlhogonyelwa kwemvelo.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Umnengi uwedwa wena onganakulinganiswa.
Ngiza ngesibindi nokukholwa kuwe ngehloso yokobanyana uzakungiphendula kikho koke okungirarejileko.
Ipilo yami iyarhunyela satjhwaratjhwara.
Ithemba lami liyalingwa mimoya emimbi.
Abanye babantwana bakho bakwadukisayo.
Ihliziyo yami ngiyivulele wena Baba.
Ithando lakho kimi ngisalithokozela.
Ukukhothamela wena kuyangibusisa.
Zisese ziningi izinto engisathokoza ngazo ngawe.
Ngikholelwa bonyana nguwe wedwa onomusa.
Ihlahle njalo yami indlela ngikghone ukukudumisa.
Iinmbuzo mnengi ngezinto ezenzakalako ephasini.
Nange ngingabuzi wena ngizabuza bani .
Phendula mina baba ngisakujamele.
Ukuzisola ngeenhlungu ezitlhurha nehlobo lingakafiki angeze ngakwenza.
Ngoba wena wawukhona usekhona begodu ungithembisile bonyana usazabakhona kuze kube naphakade.
Yakho ikariso ingidunduzela ngemihla.
Ngalindlela owenza izinto ngakhona akekho ongakhona bonyana akulemuke.
Wena azakhe ugqcine ngokuthumela uJesu ephasinapha ngitjho nanje usabathumela abakhethiweko bakho.
Nginethemba bonyana usazabathumela kuleli nakuleliya kodwana ngeeenhloso ezahlukenehlukeneko. | isiNdebele |
Ibizo
UBhejani Onzima [Diceros bicornis sp – eminye imihlobo embalwa ehlukahlukeneko e-Afrika]
Ukwakheka Kwabo
Iinkunzi zinobudisi obupheze bufike kumakhilogremu ama-200 Kg bese iinkomo zibe makhilogremu ama-800 Kg. Ngalokho-ke lemihlobo mincazana kunoBhejani oMhlophe. Kungakghonakala bona ahlukaniswe godu kuBhejani oMhlophe (nanyana oneendebe ezisikwere) yena uneendebe ezilitlobo. Ngaphandle kukaBhejani oMhlophe, esikhathini esinengi ihlokwanakhe encani idosekela phezulu. Iindlebe zibaleka ihloko begodu zirono khulu.Ihlabathi ezigeda kiyo, kancazana nje itjengisa umbala wesikhumba sakhe.
Ukudla Okukhethiweko
Ngokunande aqalaza, udla imithi, amahlathi kanye namakari. Udla utjani kwaphela nangabe ungaphasi kwegandelelo lokungatholi ukudla. Udosa amakari namaqwatjhi ngendebe engaphezulu ehagako, bese uwadosela emlonyeni, ngemva kwalokho awahlafunye ngamazinyo wemhlathini bese uyawasila. ‘Ukuthenwa’ kwamahlathi kuvumela abososayensi abaqalana nebhoduluko ukobana benze iimfundo ngamaphetheni wokudlisa nalokho okunyulwako.
Ukukhulisa
Isikhathi sokujarha kwazo kulawulwa sikhathi somnyaka. Lokha nazisathandanako, eziduna ziqhula ezisikazi ngeempondo zazo. Ukulalana kungaba sisehlakalo esisakulwa nesithatha isikhathi eside. Iinkomo zizala kokuthoma lokha nazineminyaka emi-5 nanyana esi-6 ubudala.
Indlela Yokuziphatha
Ukubaleka, zingakghona ukufikelela ibelo elifika kuma-55 km/h nge-iri. Iqumbi yobulongwe bukaBhejani oMhlophe kwesinye isikhathi buvalwa nguBhejani oNzima ngobulongwe bakhe.
Ubukhulu beendawo zeenkunzi esikhathini esinengi bulawulwa kukuba khona kokudla namanzi. Iinkunzi ezisesezincani ezigagamela eendaweni zeenkunzi ezidala kungenzeka zibulawe. Iinkunzi zikhamba zizodwa, begodu zihlala nezisikazi lokha nazisemzombeni wokutjhuguluka komzimba.
Lapha Batholakala
Laba be-Afrika behle ukusukela pheze kuma-65 000 ngomnyaka we-1970 ukuya kuma- 2 400 ngomnyaka we-1995, lokha nakubalwa kokugcina. Inengi lemihlambi yaboBhejani abaNzima ephasini mazombe babonakala eSewula Afrika, e-Namibia, e-Kenya ne-Zimbabwe. Lemihlobo yaboBhejani ibonakala isengozini tle kwanjesi. Imizamo erarako yokubavikela, kukobana imihlobo emine engaphasi kwale iyatholakala hlangana nemihlobo ekhona yaboBhejani abaNzima. Kwe-D.b. bicornis, imihlanjana emincani iyatholakala e-sewula-Tjingalanga yeSewula Afrika, kwe-D.b. michaeli, imihlambi ehlangana nendawo iyatholakala esiqhiwini seenlwana i-Addo Elephant National Park, eSewula Afrika. I-D.b encani ibonakala eengcenyeni zetlhagwini nezepumalanga yeSewula Afrika.
Amanothi
Abobhejani be-Afrika bakwelinye izinga lokubulawelwa iimpondo zabo, lokhu kulirhwebo elikhamba phambili, begodu intengo yephondo likabhejani iba yinto edure khulu ukudlula nekhokheyini. Imbangela yalokhu yikolelo ebudlhadlha begodu ebutjhapha yePumalanga yokobana iphondo liyinto enamandla emvusa kunzi neyenza bona umuntu arhalele ukuya emsemeni. Irhwebeli angeze laphela bekufike lapha abantu batjhugulula khona imicabango yabo ePumalanga, kungaqalwa imibono yabantu ngokuvamileko nalabo abonga ihlabathi. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Golden Cleome, Yellow Cleome or Yellow Mouse-whispers
Igama lesi-Latin
Cleome angustifolia
Ihlathululo
Umhlobo lo wesimilo uthambathambile, unamagatja wamakhambi avulekileko kanye namakari amanengi amatsikana. Ithuthumbo elisarulaneli linesithomo sombala ophephula onesakhiwo esiluleka ukusuka phezu kwehlabathi ukuya phezulu.
Indawaso yemvelo
Ithuthumbo i-Golden Cleome lijayeleke khulu magega neendlela kanye nebaleni ekhe larhulwa begodu lisabalele ngobubanzi.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwazo
Isimilwesi sidliwa njengomrorho eencenyeni ezinengi zomhlaba begodu kuthiwa sinemisebenzi emibili esiyenzako – yona kudliwa kanye nokulapha amalwelwe athileko.
Ithuthumbeli linothiswa ngokurhatjhwa botjhontjhwana kanye nezinye iinunwana ezidla iputjhana. | isiNdebele |
Imbuzi zinlwane zekhaya ezifuywako ezithandwa khulu ngombana ngombana zidla iintjalo pheze zomhlobo woke zingadla imitjhana kanye notjani kanje neenkomo. Ngombana zirhona ukudla amakari yemithi aziphalisani ngokudla neenkomo. Ukungezelela, imirhwa yazo yokobana zikhambe zizuma ukudla irhelebha ekukhandela ukonakala kwamahlathi eendaweni ze-Savannah kodwana kungenza bona amahlathi onakale.
Iimbuzi ezibekwe emakhresteni ezifana neembuzi zendabuko aziphiwa isphila kodwana ziphiwa ukudla kwefuyo kwaphela njeke azikhiqizi ibisi elinengi. Ukuqiniseka bona zikhiqiza ibisi zitlhoga izakhi ezingezelelweko ukutlhogonyelwa kanye nokudla kokuzaliselela.
Ukobana iimbuzi zebisi zenyama neembuzi ezifuyelwe ukwenza imithiya (i-mohair nanyana i-cashmere) zitlhoga inani elithileko okuya ngokobana zisesigabeni siphi sokukhiqiza nanyana ubujamo buphi. Udorhodere ojamelene nezokuphiwa kweenlwane ukudla nanyana ibubulo elithengisa ukudla kwazo lingakwenzela iplani yokudla elinganisiweko.
Imikhuba Yokuzipha Ukudla
Iimbuzi zinlwane ezizwelako ezinemikhuba engakajwayeleki yokudla. Azidli ukudla okungakahlwengeki nanyana okunganuki kamnandi begodu azithandi ukudla okugadangiweko nokumanzi. Iimbuzi kufanele zihlwengeke begodu zibefretjhi begodu zihlale zibekwe esimumathini. Qinisekisa bona iimbaya zazo zihlwengekile ngokobana ususe iiinsalela zokudla.
Lokha uzipha ihayi yibeke eemumathini zehayi nanyana uneke ukudla ngeenyanda emthini nanyana uzilengisi epeksini elibethelwe ebodeni.
Imbuzi kanye neenkomo zibona kunqono bona zidle i-lucerne kanye ne-cowpeas (okukukudla okuzele amaprotheyini), kunamabele, isphila, i-silage nanyana i-straw.
Thenga ukudla kwekhwalithi ehle ongarhona ukukuthenga ukubeke kude nelanga kanye nezulu.Buthelela ihayi lokha kusikhathi salo sokuvunwa uyibekele ngeskhathi salokha izokutlhogeka khona ngeskhathi sesomiso. Iinsalela zeentjalo ze-cereal kanye nokudla kweenlwane okukutjani kufanele kwenziwe iinqetjhana ngaphambi kokobana kuphiwe iimbuzi isphila sigaywe.Hlanganisa ukudla kuhle ukukhandela ukobana iimbuzi zihle lokho okumnandi kwaphela. Ukwenzela bona zidle ukudla okufretjhi kwaphela zihlanganisele ukudla okwanele bona zikudle ilanga linye kwaphela. Ungalindi ukudla bona kube kudala nanyana kube nesirhoro. Nange kunetjhuguluko ofuna ukulenza endleleni ozipha ngazo ukudla lenze kancani kancani.
Amandla Kanye Neetlhogakalo Zembuzi
Ama-Carbohydrate kanye namafutha kokubili kuletha amandla. Amandla atlhogeka ekukhuleni, ekukhiqizeni kanye nekukhandela amalwelwe kanye namapharasayidi.
Iimbuzi zitlhoga amaprotheyini. Iprotheyini sisakhi samaseli woke emizimbeni yazozoke iinlwane begodu iqakathekile ekukhuleni kwazo ekukhandeleni amalwelwe, ekubeleni kwazo nekumunyiseni (ekukhiqizeni ibisi).
Enye yezinto eziqakathekileko ekudleni kwazo zoke imbuzi yi-energy eyaziwa njenge TDN = total digestible nutrients okutjho bona izakhi ezigayekako.
Inani elaneleko lokudla kwembuzi okudliwa yimbuzi qobe lilanga kumedwa nge-Dry Matter Intake'(DMI). Inani le-dry matter eziyidliko iya ngokobana imbuzi yikulu kangangani, yenzani kanye nokobana ikhiqiza kangangani. I-DMI enengi izokutholwa kwaphela nange kunokudla okumnandi okwaneleko.
Ukufaka imirorho eyaneleko ekudleni kweembuzizakho kukatelelekile, nanyana ukhiqiza iimbuzi ngehloso yokukhiqiza inyama nanyana ibisi. Iimbuzi zebisi khulukhulu zitlhoga imirorho ukudlula lezo zenyama, njeke qiniseka bona uzipha imirorho eminengi.
Nangabe amadlelo akekho, tjala utjani obumhlobo eyehlukeneko kanye nemitjhana eendaweni ezahlukeneko.
Hlangana nokudla okunama-concentrate okuzele i-energy kubalwa isphila, i-barley,imbewu yegadoni kanye ne-oil cake meal. (I-Brewers grains ziinsalela ezisele lokha nakukhiqizwa ibhiya). Nanyana i-barley kusphila esisetjenziselwa ukubilisa, ikoroyi, ireyisi amabele kanye ne-millet nakho kuyasetjenziswa.
Hlanganisa nokudla kweembuzi okuzele amaprotheyini kubalwa i-fishmeal, soya bean meal, cottonseed oil cake meal kanye ne-brewers' grains.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe | isiNdebele |
Iinthelo ze-stone fruit zijamele iinthelo ezimihlobohlobo ezinendumba ngaphakathi, ezifana namaperegisi, amapremu, ama-lychees, umengo, ama-abhelikosi, ama-cherry kanye nama-bhontjisi wekhofi, ama-almond kanye nama-pistachios.
Ngokungafani njengethelo eziyi-pome, ezifana nama-abhula kanye namapireyiri ngaphakathi ezizele imbewu, iimbumbula zenthelo zomhlobo we-stone fruit, azisiyimbewu kodwana ziyiqephe elivikela imbewu.Iinthelo ezinengi eziwela ngaphasi kwalezo ezibizwa bona ma-stone fruit zinembumbula ekulu kodwana ezimbalwa ezifana nama-raspberries, zinembumbula encani.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
Akwaziwa kuhle hle kobana avelaphi,kodwana isthelwesi kudlunjanwa kobana sibuya epumalanga netjingalanga ye-China, Central Asia, Japan, kanye ne-Korea....more
Imvelaphi yama-nectarine ayaziwa, kodwana kudlunjanwa kobana avele eminyakeni eyi-4 000 eyadlulako enarheni ye-China,ngesikhathi lapha kwathoma khona amaperegisi....more
Ibizo le-botany lamaperegisi yi-Prunuspersica, elitlhadlhula bona kwanje elisuka ku-Persia okutjho bona ukuthulwa kwe-Persia okukuthula kwamaperegisi kuma-Roman, alisabalalisa kwezinye iincenye zephasi....more
Imvelaphi yamapremu umkhondwayo ungalandelelwa entweni ezimbili; ipremu le-EuropeMiddle East, Russia, the Far East and Asia....more
ISewula Africa yinarha ekhamba phambili ngokukhiqiza umkhiqizo we-abhilikosi e-Africa yoke kodwana iletha umkhiqizo oyi-16% kwaphela e-Southern Hemisphere, kanye nephesendi yinye kwaphela emkhiqizweni wephasi....more | isiNdebele |
Ubukhohlakalobu obenziwa ngurhulumende buhlathululwa ngokuthi umuntu usebenzisa kumbi amandla womphakathi ukwenzela ukuzizuzisa yena. Ukukhwabanisokhu sekusisiga ekade khulu senzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, iBhayibheli inomthetho ovimbela ukufumbathisa eendabeni zokwahlulela, okutjho khona bona isigesi kade khulu sikhona sekuminyaka engaphezu kwee-3 500 edlulileko. (Eksodusi 23:8) Akubuzwa, ubukhohlakalobu akusikumane umukele ukufunjathiswa ngerhorhomejeni, kodwana kuhlanganisa izinto ezinengi tle. Iimphathimandla ezikhohlakeleko ngasikhathi zisebenzisa kumbi ipahla ezingakavunyelwa ukuthi ziyisebenzise, bezebe neemali. Zikwazi nokusebenzisa kumbi iinkhundla zazo ukuzuzisa abangani nofana iinini zazo.
Nangabe ubukhohlakali bukwazi ukufumaneka kinanyana ngiyiphi ihlangano ephethwe mumuntu, kubonakala ngasuthi ubukhohlakali eendabeni zakarhulumende bande kwem’hlolo. I-The 2013 Global Corruption Barometer, igadangiswe yi-Transparency International, ibike ukuthi abantu ephasini mazombe banombono wokuthi iinhlangano ezihlanu okuziinqhema zepolotiki, isipholisa, iimphathimandla, iimbethimthetho, namajaji ngizo ezaziwa ngokwanda kobukhohlakali. Akhesiqalele eminye yeembiko eveza umraro wendaba.
E-AFRICA: Ngomnyaka ka-2013, iimphathimandla ezi-22 000 zeSewula Afrika zamangalelwa ngokuziphatha kumbi eendabeni zobukhohlakali.
E-South America: Ngomnyaka ka-2012, eBrazil, abantu aba-25 babotjhwa ngokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi basekela ngayo iindleko zepolotiki. Hlangana nabantwabo bekunesiphathiswa sakamongameli walokha, okungewesibili ebantwini abaziinkhulu enarheni.
E-ASIA: ESeoul, yeSouth Korea, kwahlongakala abantu aba-502 lokha nakugirika isakhiwo-seentolo ngomnyaka ka-1995. Abaphenyi bafumana ukuthi iimphathimandla zedorobho zafunjathiswa zavumela ebebakha umakhiwo loyo bona basebenzise ikhonkhridi engekho emthethweni, baphula nomthetho wezokuphepha.
E-EUROPE: Ngokuya kwesiphathiswa uCecilia Malmström ongowe-European Home Affairs wathi, “ukurhagala komraro [wobukhohlakali e-Europe] kuqeda amandla.” Wangezela ngokuthi “isivumelwano sokulwisana nobukhohlakali kubonakala ngasuthi siyalahleka.”
Ubukhohlakali bakarhulumende sebumile iimrabho engeneleleko. Uphrofesa Susan Rose-Ackerman osisazi sezokulwisana nobukhohlakali watlola wathi, kutlhogeka kwenziwe ituthuko “bekwenziwe amatjhuguluko aqakatheke khulu endleleni urhulumende enza ngayo izinto.” Nanyana ubujamo buqeda amandla nje, kodwana iBhayibheli itjengisa ukuthi ngitjho namatjhuguluko abonakala amakhulu bona angenzeka, nanyana kunjani azokwenzeka. | isiNdebele |
“Yembathani . . . ukulunga, ukuthobeka, ubumnene nokubekezela.”—Kolose 3:12.”
Umtjhado wakha umndeni omutjha. Nanyana uzokuhlala ubathanda begodu ubahlonipha ababelethi bakho, kwanje umlinganakho umumuntu oqakatheke khulu kuwe. Lokhu kungaba budisi ukukwamukela kezinye iinhlobo zakho. Kodwana iinkambisolawulo zeBhayibheli zinganisiza nilinganisele, ukwenzela bona nikghone ukubulunga ukuthula neenhlobo zenu njengombana nisebenza budisi ukwakha umndeni omutjha.
1 HLALA UNOMBONO OFANELEKO NGEENHLOBO ZAKHO
OKUTJHIWO YIBHAYIBHELI: “Hlonipha uyihlo nonyoko.” (Efesu 6:2) Kungakhathaliseki bona ungangani, kufuze uhlale ubahlonipha ababelethi bakho. Ulemuka bona umlinganakho naye njengendodana namtjhana indodakazi, utlhoga ukunaka ababelethi bakhe. Ithando “alinamona,” ngalokho-ke ungazizwa kabuhlungu newubona indlela umlinganakho atjhidelene nabo ngayo.—1 Korinte 13:4; Galatiya 5:26.
ENINGAKWENZA:
Balekela ukukhuluma amezwi anjengathi “Umndenakho uhlala ungiqalela phasi” namtjhana “Ummakho zange khekakuthande engikwenzako”
Linga ukubona izinto ngendlela umlinganakho azibona ngayo
2 QINA NEKUTLHOGEKAKO
OKUTJHIWO YIBHAYIBHELI: “Ngebangeli indoda izakutjhiya uyise nonina inamathele emfazinayo bese baba nyamanye.” (Genesisi 2:24) Newutjhadako, ababelethi bakho bangacabanga ukuthi basesenomthwalo wokukutlhogomela, bangafuna ukungenela khulu emtjhadwenenu kunangendlela ekufuze benze ngayo.
Kukuwe nomlinganakho ukuvumelana ngokobana bazokungenela bafikephi bese ngethando nibatjele. Ungatjhaphuluka begodu ukhulume nabo ngokunqophileko ngaphandle kokuba hlaza. (IzAga 15:1) Ukuthobeka, umusa nokukghodlhelela kuzonisiza nakhe ubuhlobo obufuthumeleko neenhlobo zenu begodu niragele phambili “nibekezelelane ngethando.”—Efesu 4:2.
ENINGAKWENZA:
Nengabe utshwenyeka ngokobana zingangani iinhlobo ezinengcenye epilwenenu, khulumisana nomlinganakho ngesikhathi esifaneleko
Fikelelani esivumelwaneni sokobana nizoyirarulula njani indaba le | isiNdebele |
ENcwadini XX kwethi Jewish Antiquities, usomlado uFlavius Josephus uqalisela ukufeni kwakaJakobosi, “umnakwabo kaJesu obekabizwa ngokuthi nguKrestu.” Izazi ezinengi ziyavuma ukuthi amezwi la atlolwe nguJosephus mathupha. Nokho, abanye bayakuzaza ukuthembeka kwesinye isitatimende esisencwadini efanako esimalungana noJesu. Indima leyo, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Testimonium Flavianum, ifundeka bunjesi:
“Nje-ke, ngesikhathesi bekunoJesu, indoda ehlakaniphileko, nengabe kuvumelekile ngokomthetho ukumbiza indoda, ngombana bekamumenzi wemisebenzi emangalisako—umfundisi abantu ebebakuthabela ukufumana iqiniso kuye. Wadosela abanengi kuye kokubili emaJudeni nakwabaTjhili. Gade anguKrestu; begodu uPilatu, ngokunyula kwamadoda amakhulu phakathi kwethu, wamlahla ngomlando esiphambanweni, labo egade bamthanda ekuthomeni azange bamhloboke, ngombana wabonakala kibo aphila godu ngelanga lesithathu, njengombana abaporofidi bakaZimu bakubikezela lokho, namatjhumi weenkulungwana wezinye izinto ezimalungana naye; begodu isitjhaba samaKrestu, esithiyelelwe ngaye, sisesekhona nanamhlanjesi.”—Josephus—The Complete Works, itjhugululwe nguWilliam Whiston.
Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, kube nepikiswano evuthako hlangana kwalabo abakholelwa ukuthi kwamambala nguJosephus otlole indima le nalabo abazazako ukuthi nguye. Usomlando nosiyazi weencwadi zekadeni omFrentji uSerge Bardet, ulinge ukurarulula itlharhararha yepikiswano le ebe lirarano iminyaka emakhulu amane adlulileko. Ugadangise irhubhululo lakhe encwadini enesihloko esithi Testimonium Flavianum—Examen historique considérations historiographiques (I-Testimonium Flavianum—IRhubhululo EngokoMlando NgokuHlaziya OkungokoMlando).
UJosephus bekangasimtloli omKrestu. Bakangusomlando omJuda; ngalokho ipikiswano idzimelele ekubizeni kwakhe uJesu ngokuthi “nguKrestu.” Nekahlaziyako, uBardet wajama kwelokuthi isiqwesi sivumelana “ngazo zoke iindlela nokusebenzisa kwesiGirigi isakhi esiqinisekileko emagameni wabantu.” UBardet wangezelela nokuthi ngokombono odabuka ebuJudeni nebuKrestwini, “ukusebenzisa kwakaJosephus ibizo elithi Christos akusiyinto engenzeka kwaphela” kodwana kumtlhala “abasoli ngokujayelekileko abatjhaphe khulu ngokungawutjheji.”
Kungenzeka na ukuthi amezwi la angezelelwa mkhohlisi olinga ukutlola njengoJosephus? Asekela ebufakazini obungokomlando nobungokomtlolo, uBardet waphetha ngokuthi ukufojara okunjalo bekungapheze kube yikarisomraro. Kungatlhoga umkhohlisi “onekghono lokulingisa ebekungaba budisi khulu ukulifumana kiso soke isikhathi sekadeni,” ngamanye amezwi, loyo “obekangenza uJosephan abe njengoJosephus.”
Alo-ke kubayini indaba le imraro? Aveza umsuka womraro, uBardet waveza ukuthi “kunokuzaza nge-Testimonium—ngokungafani nenengi lemitlolo yekadeni—kwaphela ngombana kuphakame imibuzo nge-Testimonium.” Uragela phambili athi imibono eyamukelwe emakhulu weminyaka isekelwe khulu “esisuseni esingabonakaliko” kunekuhlaziyeni umtlolo lo ngokutjheja, okukusekela khulu ukuba kwawo ngewamambala.
Ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwakaBardet kuzokutjhentjha umbono wezazi malungana ne-Testimonium Flavianum kusazokubonakala. Kusikholisile esinye isazi esiveleleko sobuJuda beGrisi nobuKrestu bekadeni, uPierre Geoltrain. Besele anesikhathi eside akholelwa bona i-Testimonium isijobelelo, begodu anyefula labo abakholelwa ukuthi ingeyamambala. Kodwana uwutjhentjhile umbono wakhe. Uphethe ngokuthi umsebenzi kaBardet ngiwo omenze watjhentjha. Nje uGeoltrain umemezele ukuthi “akunamuntu okufuze alinge ukukhuluma ‘ngobufakazi obungasiliqiniso’ bakaJosephus.”
Liqiniso, aboFakazi bakaJehova banamabanga angeziweko akholisako wokwamukela uJesu njengoKrestu—lawo afumaneka eBhayibhilini ngokwalo.—2 Thi. 3:16. | isiNdebele |
Sibuyela Emasisweni: Inoveli kanye nemisebenzi
Author(s):Mngoma, M
ISBN: 9780636145160
Subject: Literature
Grade(s): Grade 7
Language: IsiNdebele
INoveli le ikhuluma ngobaba ongusomatekisi uMagwabo owatjhiya umkakhe uKhabonina nabe ntazinyana ababili uMsukelwa no Ncema, ngonobangela wokobana yena ufuna umntwana womsana (indlalifa) ozakuthatha koke okungokwake nakangasekho.
Ubaba lo wathandana nesiphalaphala sentombi esingu Nomhlekhabo bewamenza sidisi, wathaba khulu uMagwabo anethemba lokobana isi so sakhe sokuthola indlalifa sifezekile. Ngetjhudu elimbi uNomhlekhabo naye wabusiswa ngomntwana womntazana, latjhabalala ithemba lika Magwabo. Okukarisako kukobana abentazinyana bakhe abatjhiyako bebayikhuthalele khulu ifundo. Yeke! Bafunda bebaqeda ngaphandle kwerhelebho likayise. | isiNdebele |
Ngikhumbula kuhle tle!
Ngangi nge tekisini ngibuya es’kolweni.
Ngihlezi hlan’kwabo mma ababili.
Umalil’ edinini wami uyalila. Ngu mma. Ngokuphazima kwe lihlo nangiqeda ukuphendula, nge tekisini kwathila kwa du!
Bababe!
Kanti ngitjho igama elimbi na? Kanti ngitheni na? Ngazibuza.
Ngaqhubekela phambili ngomtato. Nangisoloko ngi khuluma, ngizwa abanye ngeemva kwami bakhulumela phasi. Kuthiwa, “hayi, isiXhosa? Siswati?”, baya buzana bodwa.
Gadesi sengikhulumela phezulu khulu ngokuzikhakhazisa.
MaNdebele, kungaba njani na singazikhakhazisa nge limu lekhethu nanyana sikude nemakhaya wethu?
Kubuhlungu ukuthi nawu hlangana ne Ndebele nge drobheni namkhana esikolweni, uzwe umuntu athi kuwe, ” “sawubona”. Kurara khulu.
Mina ngagcina ukufunda isiNdebele nagade ngenza ibanga lekhomba (7).
Kusukela lapho, azange ngisafunda isiNdebele be ngaqeda isikolo.
Khuphathisa iinhloni lokhana nangi khuluma isiNgisi kodwana ngihluleka ukuthjugululela esiNdebeleni.
Thina abantu abatjha siyakuthanda uku khuluma isiNgisi noma sisodwa. Sikhuluma isiNgisi sis’khiphe ngeempumulo. Noma kungasi yinto embi lokho, asingakhohlwani, singaba neenhloni nge limu lethu.
IsiNdebele lilimu elikhulunywa kancani kiwo woke amalimu eSewula Afrika.
Asikutjhugululeni lokho.
Nanoma isiNdebele sami singaka cwengeki kangako, ngiyasikhuluma nanoma ngubani lakukgonakala khona begodu angizukulisa. Ngizimisele nokusifunda ukufikela la ngisi thlwebha khona. Ngizosi ritha khulu, thulani nilalele nina.
Ngibawa noma kungubani ongathanda ukuthumela imitlolo yakhe yesiNdebele afuna ukuyabelana nathi angasabi, angithintre msinya 🙂
Ngithokozile ukuvakatjhela ikhasi lami, ubuye godu.
🙂
Isithombe sibuya ku: https://www.sa-venues.com/language-ndebele.htm | isiNdebele |
Qagela bona ngimuphi umBuso esikhuluma ngawo?— Iye, UmBuso kaZimu, umBuso ozokwenza bona iphasi libe yipharadesi. Uyafuna ukufunda okungeziweko ngomBuso loyo?—
Omunye nomunye umbuso unekosi yawo. Begodu ikosi ibusa boke abantu benarha yayo. Uyazi bona ngubani iKosi yomBuso kaZimu?— NguJesu Krestu. Uhlala ezulwini. Msinyana uzokuba yiKosi yawo woke umuntu ephasini! Ucabanga bona sizokuthaba nasele uJesu ayiKosi yephasi loke?—
Khuyini ofuna ukuyibona ePharadesi?
Sizokuthaba khulu! EPharadesi, abantu angekhe basalwa namkha baye epini. Boke bazokuthandana. Akekho ozokugula namkha ahlongakale. Iimphofu zizokubona, abantu abangezwako eendlebeni bazokuzwa, nalabo abangakghoni ukukhamba bazokwazi ukugijima nokweqa. Woke umuntu uzokuba nokudla okunengi. Iinlwana zoke zizokuba bangani begodu zibe bangani nathi. Abantu abahlongakalako bazokuvuswa baphile. Inengi labobaba nabomma ofunde ngabo encwajaneni le njengoRabega, uRarhabu, uDavida no-Eliya nabo bazokuvuswa! Ungathanda ukubabona nasele bavusiwe?—
UJehova uyakuthanda begodu ufuna uthabe. Nengabe uragela phambili ufunda ngoJehova begodu umlalela, uzokuphila ngokungapheliko epharadeyisini elihle! Inga-kghani ngilokho okufunako?— | isiNdebele |
Akunabafundisi ababhadalwako ehlanganweni yethu. Kunalokho, njengombana bekunjalo nangesikhathi kuthonywa ibandla lobuKrestu, nanamhlanjesi kubekwa ababonisi abafanelekako bona “beluse ibandla lakaZimu.” (IZenzo 20:
Bayasitlhogomela begodu bayasitjheja. Abadala bayanqophisa begodu basize ekutlhogomeleni ibandla ngokomoya. Ngokulemuka bona uZimu ubaphathise emsebenzi oqakathekileko lo, abadala ababalawuli abantu bakaZimu, kunalokho batlhogomela ihlala-kuhle kunye nethabo lethu. (2 Korinte 1:
Basifundisa indlela yokwenza intando kaZimu. Qobe veke, abadala badosa phambili ekunikeleni iinkulumo emihlanganweni yebandla ukuqinisa ikholo lethu. (IZenzo 15:
Bayasikhuthaza. Ukwenzela bona batlhogomele ingokomoya lomuntu mathupha, abadala bebandla bangasivakatjhela emakhaya wethu namkha eWolweni LoMbuso bona banikele ngesizo nenduduzo evela eMitlolweni.
Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yabo yebandleni, abadala abanengi nabo banomsebenzi wokuziphilisa nemithwalo yemindeni etlhoga isikhathi sabo. Abazalwana abasebenza budisaba kuyafaneleka bona sibahloniphe.
Abadala badlala yiphi indima ebandleni?
Abadala bayibonisa njani ikareko emuntwini ngamunye? | isiNdebele |
ZICABANGE umKrestu esikhathini sabapostoli. Ibandla okilo lisanda kuthola incwadi evela kumpostoli uPowula. Ulalele njengombana ifundwa ebandleni, bese uyalemuka bona uPowula udzubhula kanengi ‘emitlolweni ecwengileko,’ yesiHebheru. (2 Thimothi 3:15) Bese uthi ehliziywenakho, ‘Nami ngifuna ukubona umtlolo uPowula adzubhule kiwo.’ Kodwana lokho bekungasibulula ngesikhatheso. Kubayini kunjalo?
AKUNAMAVESI NEZAHLUKO
Cabanga ngeencwadi nemisongo ‘yemitlolo ecwengileko’ ebeyikhona ngeenkhathi zakaPowula. Omunye wawo ngilo otjengiswe ekhasineli. Ingcenye yencwadi ka-Isaya evela kuma-Dead Sea Scroll. Ubonani kiyo? Sekuziingaba zamagama! Akunamatshwayo anjengabongci, namakhoma. Akunamavesi nezahluko ezinomboriweko njenganamhlanjesi.
Abatloli beBhayibheli khenge bahlukanise ngokwezahluko namavesi. Bese batlola umlayezo uZimu abanikele wona khona umfundi angafundi iingatjana zawo kwaphela, kodwana awuzwisise woke umqondo. Angithi vele ngilokho okufunako nawufunda incwadi oyitlolelwe mumuntu omthandako. Awuyifundi ngeenquntwana, kodwana uyifunda yoke.
Nanyana kunjalo, ukungabi namavesi nezahluko bekumraro. Ukutjengisa ukuthi uPowula kukhona lapha adzubhule khona bekafese athi “njengombana kutloliwe” namkha “njengombana u-Isaya atjhwile.” (Roma 3:10; 9:29) Alo bewuzowathola njani amezwi awadzubhulileko ungakayijayeli “imitlolo ecwengileko.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, “imitlolo ecwengileko” leyo beyingasimlayezo munye kwaphela ovela kuZimu. Ngemva komnyaka ka-100 eenkhathini zamaKrestu wokuthoma, imitlolo besele ihlanganisiwe ineencwadi ezihlukahlukeneko eziyi-66! Ngikho namhlanjesi abafundi beBhayibheli bathabe khulu ngokuba namavesi nezahluko ezibasiza bona bathole amezwi anqophileko, njengalawo uPowula ebekawadzubhula kanengi eencwadini zakhe.
Naku umbuzo ongazibuza wona, ‘alo ngubani onombore amavesi nezahluko zeBhayibheli?’
NGUBANI OFAKE IZAHLUKO?
Umfundisi womNgisi uStephen Langton, owaba nguBhitjhobhi omKhulu weCanterbury, kuthiwa nguye ohlukanise iBhayibheli ngokwezahluko. Lokho wakwenza ngabo-1200, ngesikhathi angutitjhere eYunivesithi yeParis eFrance.
Ngaphambi kwemihla kaLangton, kunezazi zeBhayibheli ebezihlolisisa bona zingalihlukanisa njani iBhayibheli ngokwezahluko namkha iingatjana, khona zizokutholakala bulula iindima zeBhayibheli. Ungacabanga bona bekuzokuba bulula kangangani ukuthola indima ethileko nabayifuna esahlukweni, njengencwadi ka-Isaya enezahluko eziyi-66.
Kodwana koke lokho kwabanga umraro. Izazi zeBhayibheli besele zize neendlela ezinengi ezihlukahlukeneko zokuhlukanisa izahluko. Omunye wabo wahlukanisa incwadi yeVangeli lakaMarkosi yaba nezahluko pheze eziyi-50, ingasi eziyi-16 zanamhlanjesi. Emihleni kaLangton eParis, bekunabafundi abavela eenarheni ezinengi, ebeza namaBhayibheli avela eenarheni zemakhabo. Nanyana kunjalo, abafundisi nabafundi bebangakghoni ukutjho ukuthi badzubhula kuphi. Kubayini kunjalo? Ngombana indlela okunomborwe ngayo izahluko emaBhayibhelinabo beyingafani.
Yeke, uLangton weza nendlela etja yokuhlukanisa izahluko. Indlela le “yakara abafundi nabakopululi,” kutjho incwadi i-The Book—A History of the Bible, begodu indlela le “yarhatjheka msinya eYurobhu.” ULangton nguye-ke oze nendlela yokunombora izahluko etholakala emaBhayibhelini amanengi namhlanjesi.
ALO, NGUBANI OWEZA NAMAVESI?
Kwathi ngemva kweminyaka eyi-300, phakathi kwabo-1500, isazi sezokugadangisa esaziwako uRobert Estienne wenza izinto zaba bulula khulu. Ihloswakhe bekukobana abantu bajayele ukufunda iBhayibheli. Walemuka ukuthi nange kungaba nendlela yinye yokunombora izahluko namavesi izinto zingaba bulula khulu.
U-Estienne akusuye owathoma weza nendlela yokuhlukanisa iBhayibheli ngamavesi. Bese kunabanye ebesele bayithomile indlela le. Ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni emakhulu ngaphambi kwalokho, abakopululi abamaJuda besele bayihlukanisile imiTlolo yesiHebheru namkha iTestamende eliDala ngamavesi, ingasi ngezahluko. Kwayona indlela yezahluko leyo beyingafani.
U-Estienne weza nendlela etja yokunombora iTestamende eliTjha namkha imiTlolo yesiGirigi, walihlanganisa neTestamendeni eliDala ebesele linamavesi. Kwathi ngo-1553, wagadangisa iBhayibheli elipheleleko (ngesiFrentjhi) ebelithoma ukuba nezahluko namavesi pheze afana nalawo asemaBhayibhelini wanamhlanjesi. Abanye abantu bebayisola indlela le, bathi amavesi aliqunta khulu iBhayibheli libe ziincucwana, alenze libonakale ngasuthi ivesi elinye nelinye linomqondo walo ohlukileko. Kodwana nabanye abagadangisi bagcina sebayijayela msinya indlelakhe le.
KWABA BULULA UKUFUNDA IBHAYIBHELI
Cabanga iqhinga elibulula kangaka—iBhayibheli elinezahluko namavesi. Okutjho ukuthi elinye nelinye ivesi ‘seline-adresi’—njengenomboro yeposo. Kuliqiniso ukuthi indlela yokuhlukanisa ngezahluko namavesi ayikaphefumulelwa nguZimu, begodu umtlolo oseBhayibhelini uhlukaniseke ngendlela engakafaneli kwezinye iindawo. Kodwana amavesi nezahluko enza kube bulula ukudzubhula, ukuwathalela nangokuveza ukuthi thina asisiza njani. Angithi nalapho sifunda amagama namkha amezwi esiwathandako encwadini ethileko siyawathalela, khona sizokwazi ukuwakhumbula.
Nanyana kubulula ukufunda izahluko namavesi eBhayibhelini, ungalibali ukuthi kufuze uzwisise woke umlayezo ovela kuZimu. Zifundise ukufunda umongo namkha indaba yoke kunokufunda ivesi linye kwaphela. Ukwenza njalo kuzokusiza bona ujayelane nayo yoke “imitlolo ecwengileko enamandla yokukupha ukuhlakanipha kube kusindiswa.”—2 Thimothi 3:15. | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Apreli 2014
Kumagazini lo kukhulunywa ngendlela esingaba ngayo nokukholwa okunjengekwakaMosi. UJehova uziqala njani iimbopho zomndeni begodu usisiza njani bona siziphethe?
Ukukholwa kwakaMosi kwamsiza njani ekulweni neemfiso zephaseli, kwamenza wakuthabela ukusebenzela uJehova? Kubayini uMosi adzimelelisa umkhumbulwakhe emvuzweni athenjiswe wona?
Ukukholwa kuJehova kwamsiza njani uMosi bona angasasabi muntu nokuthi azithembe iinthembiso zakaZimu? Dzimelelisa ukukholwa kwakho, uqale uJehova njengomuntu wamambala ofuna ukukusiza.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Iminyaka ema-65 yokusebenzela uJehova isikhathi esizeleko, funda ukuthi uRobert Wallen uthini ngalokho okwanelisa ipilwakhe kudlula zoke izinto.
Abanye sebaze bakhamba bayokuhlala ngaphetjheya ngebanga lemali. Ukuhlala ngokuhlukana ngebanga lomsebenzi kuwuthinta njani umndeni, abantwana, kunye nobuhlobo bakho noZimu?
Omunye ubaba ngokuthembela kuZimu wawulungisa njani umndenakhe, walisa nokusebenzela kude nawo? UJehova wamsiza njani bona akghone ukuwutlhogomela naphezu kokubogaboga komnotho?
Funda ngeendlela okunganani ezihlanu uJehova asitjengisa ngazo bona uyasithanda nendlela esingazuza ngayo kilokho.
Emihleni yokutlolwa kweBhayibheli, bekutjho ukuthini lokha umuntu nakarathula izambatho zakhe? | isiNdebele |
Igama
Indlulamithi [Giraffa camelopardalis]
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Indlulamithi silwani eside khulu emhlabeni woke, ubude baso bulinganiselwa emamithareni angu-5.5 kodwana intamayo ngiyo ede khulu. Iindlela intamo yendlulami ekhambisa iingazi ngayo isengabi ukuzwisiswa ngilabo abafunde ngokungeneleleko ngeenlwani. Indlulamithi eduna idlula esikazi ngobude, eduna uvamise ukuba yide ngamamithara amahlanu, kuthi esikazi iphelele emamithareni amane nesiquntu. Iinkunzi zeendlulamithi ezikulu zivamise ukuiba nesilinganiso sobudisi obungaba makhilogremu ayinkulungwana namakhulu amabili, kuthi ezisikazi zibe nesilinganiso sobudisi esibalelwa emakhilogremuni amakhulu abunane ukuya emakhulwini alithoba. Umbala wesikhumba salezo ezisikazi uyibhronzi eqarhwe mbala ozotho okulula kuthi lezo eziduna uqarheke ngozotho okunzima. Indlulamithi eduna nesikazi zineemponjwana eziphutheleke ngesikhomba.
Ukudla
Ngebanga lokuba neentamo ezide, iindlulamithi zikghona ukudla imithi empendeni lapho ezinye iinlwani eziphila ngokudla utjani namakari zingafikeli khona. Zisebenzisa ilimu lazo elide elikghona ukutatela belikhe amakara emthini kunye nokuhluba amaqolo womuthi ngokusizwa mazinywazo wangaphambili abukhali.
Ukukhulisa nokuzala
Iindlulamithi esikazi esele ilungele ukujarhwa ivamise ukujarhwa kanengi ziinkunzi ezidala. Isikhathi sazo sekambiso yokumitha sithatha amalanga amakhulu amane namalanga amasumi amahlanu nekhomba ngaphambi obana zizale ikonyana elilodwa. Ikonyana lendlulamithi lizalwa linobudisi besilinganiso esingaba makhilogremu alikhulu, libese liphuhliswa ukumunya ibele ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba ziinyanga ezisithandathu kuya kezilibunane, nanyana kunjalo abalelwa emaphesendini amasumi amahlanu nambili amakonyana akghona ukukhulu ngokwaneleko ngombana amabhubezi, iimpisi nezingwe zihlala ziwaqithele. Ikonyana libasezingeni lokungajarhwa ngemva kweminyaka emine nofana emhlanu, lokhu kutholakala ngokobana iinkunzi zeendlulamithi zikhambe zivakatjhela imihlambi yeendlulami ngehloso yokuhlola bona sele zikulungele ukujarhwa.
Ukuziphatha
Indlulamithi ziinlwani ezikghona ukuphilisana ngokuthi imihlambazo indone ihlangana. Nanyana kunjalo lokho akutjho bona zakha ubuhlobo, ezincani zihlala nedlanzana lalezo ezidala kuthi ezuduna ziphile ipilo yokukhamba zingena emihlambini ehlukahlukeneko yalezo ezisikazi. Njengombana iindlulamithi zinganaso isikhathi esisodwa zokuzala nokukhulisa lokho kwenza bona eziduna zihlale zivakatjhela imihlambi ngehloso yokuhlola baya ayikho esele ilungele ukujarhwa. Ipi yeenkunzi zeendlulamithi nazilwela amalungelo wokujarha newokubusa ikarisa khulu nawuyibukeleko. Zilwa ngokuthi zibethana emzimbeni ngeentambo zazo ezide neziqinileko, zinonde zisunduzana ngemahlangothi weentamo.
Elobako isunduzelwa ukuhlakelwa lilawulo kuthi elwa nayo irholele ekulimazeni ngendlela embi. Iindlulamithi mhlobo weenlwani ozithuleleko ongatshwenyiko kodwana uzitjhejele lokho ezikwenzako kwaphela. Kesinye iskhathi nazithikazisekileko zizwakala ngokuthimula kuthi lokha nazisahlelwa ziinlwani eziyingozi zibhodle ngendlela ethusako.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Ngokuya ngokwabeka komlando wazo begade zihlukaniseke ngokuya ngokuzinywa, ngokufuywa nofana ukulima kunye nezifo (rinder-pest). Nanyana kunjalo esikhathi sanammhlanje lezo inani lalezo ezibulungiweko liyanaba begodu lokho kwenze bona zithunyelwe emaplasini kunye nenciwini zembandana ezizijameleko.
Iimbalobalo ngepilwazo
Igama lesi-Latin: Giraffa Camelopardalis
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi): 800 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (eduna): 1 200 kg
Isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha: 15 months
Inani lamakonyana: 1 calf (exceptionally 2)
Ukulungela ukujarha: 4, 5 years
Isilinganiso sobudisi bokuzalwa: 102 kg
Umhlobo: Artiodactyla
Umndeni: Giraffidae
Ibelo eziligijimako: 55 km/h
Ukukhulisa nokuzala: Ikonyana elilodwa lingazalwa ngezinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka, ngemuva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezilisumi nahlanu.
Ihlathululo ngemitlhalazo
Zinemitlhala eyakheke ngamahlangothi alinganako. Zingaphulwa nofana zitshinyeke kutjhelela endaweni emanzi.
Ibuthelelolwazi
Kunenani elingaba lithoba lemihlobo yeendlulamithi e-Afrika, kunjao nje abososayensi bakhombela bonyana zihlukaniswe ngeengaba ngokuya ngokuhluka kwazo. Irhelo lazo lijame bunje:
Giraffe camelopardarlis camelopardalis - Nubian giraffe found in Sudan and Ethiopia.
Giraffe camelopardarlis reticulata - Reticulated or Somali giraffe found in Kenya, southern Ethiopia and Somalia.
Giraffe camelopardarlis angolensis - Angolan or Namibian giraffe found in northern Namibia, south-western Zambia, Botswana and western Zimbabwe.
Giraffe camelopardarlis antiquorum - Kordofan giraffe found in southern Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon and DR Congo
Giraffe camelopardarlis tippelskirchi - Masai or Kilimanjaro giraffe found in Kenya and Tanzania
Giraffe camelopardarlis rothschildi - Rothschild, Baringo or Ugandan giraffe found in Uganda and Kenya
Giraffe camelopardarlis giraffe - South African giraffe found in South Africa, southern Botswana, southern Zimbabwe and Mozambique
Giraffe camelopardarlis thornicrofti -Thornicroft or Rhodesian giraffe, found only in Luangwa Valley in Zambia
Giraffe camelopardarlis peralta - West African or Nigerian giraffe | isiNdebele |
Kunemihlobo yeenkghabu engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili namasumi amahlanu emhlabeni zombelele, ubukhulubazo bubalelwa ukusuka ekghabini emhlobo omncani ekorweni yeenkghabu eyaziwa nge-Pigmy Marmoset, isilinganiso sayo sobukhulu sibalelwa emasentimitheni alisumi nahlanu (15 cm) kuthi ekulu yakhona ibizwa i-Mandril iphakame ngesilinganiso esibalelwa pheze emitheni (meter).
Kusengakatholakali ihlathululo enqophileko yokobana iyini ikghabu (monkey) begodu ihluka bunjani kunaleyo enganamsila (ape), kunjalo nje iinhlangano ezihlukahlukeneko zisebenziswa ukuhluka kwemikhakha yeekghabezi ngeendlela ezihlukahlukilekko.
Iikghabu kanye neemfene ziphe iimvakatjhi ithabo elikhulu ngesikhathi bazivakatjhele e-Safari ye-Afrika, lokhu kumayelana neendlela eziganga ngayo, ezilelesa ngayo begodu kesinye isikhathi zikhombisa izenzo ezifana nezabantu. Kuziinlwani ezinandisa khulu kwamabala kodwana zisuke ziziphathe ngendlela esilingako lokha nazibona umuntu aphethe ukudla.
Iindaba ezimayelana nokutshwenya kweenkghabu eendlwaneni lapho kuhlaliswa khona iimvakatjhi kanye neenkampeni ze-Afrika, zibikwa khulu ngokuthi vane zingene ngendlini yokulungiselela ukudla nofana ngekhwitjhini begodu zone neentende ukwenzela bona zikghone ukweba ukudla.
Kwaba nekinga ngenkghabu endaweni ethileko kuba nzima khulu bonyana iqedwe njengombana kusuke kube lisiko lazo bona lokho zikudlulisele nakezisakhulako. Pheze umhlobo omnengi nosabalele khulu enakakazini ye-Afrika kumhlobo we-Vervet Monkey, ungafunda elinye ilwazi ngomunye umhlobo weemfene owaziwa nge-Samango Monkey | isiNdebele |
Igama
Umhlwazi, Olive Grass Snake, Olive Whip Snake [Psammophis mossambicus]
Iimbalobalo Ngepilwazo Ezirhunyeziweko
Isigaba: Reptilia
Irhemo/Umhlobo: Squamata
Umndenazo: Colubridae
Ubude besikazi: 1 285 mm
Ubude beduna: 1 451 mm
Ihlathululo
Umhlobo lo wenyoka mkhulu, unamandla begodu unepumulo engakapatalali kanye nomsila omuda.
Inomhlana wombala ozotho okutshehla (kuthi ukuyela emsileni ibemthuthu), kesinye isikhathi ibanesikhumba samaqetjhana abanencenye yesiphetho esinzima, kwakheka imida ematsikana nofana erhatjheke ngobunzima encenyeni ephambili yomzimbayo.
Amathumbayo anombala omhlophe nosarulana.
Ukwabeka Nokusabalala Kwazo
Umhlobo lo wenyoka utholakala eendaweni ezisetlhagwini, ukuyela esewula magega neligu la-KwaZulu-Natal nakezinye iindawo ukuyokufika enarheni ye-Kenya.
Ukuhlangana Neduna Nokubekelisana
Esikazi ibekela amaqanda alisumi ukuya kamasumi amathathu emakarini omileko nokhunye, phakathi kwehlobo. Ziqoqosela ngemva kwamalanga amasumi asithandathu nahlanu.
Itjhefu (Yeenyoka)
Itjhefayo ibangelana ukugula kokuphakanyelwa ziimbindi kanye neenhlungu.
Ukudla/Idayethi
Ivamise ukudla ezinye iinyoka okufaka hlanga namadzinyana womhlobo wenzima.
Ibuthelelo Ngomangwazo
Ubufakazi obubuthelelwe ngokutjheja komuntu bufaka hlangana lapho inyoka le ikhe yabonwa khona amahlandla amabili iginya umhlobo wenyoka obizwa nge-Angola green snake [Philothamnus angolensis]. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Isidumuka (Waterbuck)
Ukuvela Nokwakheka Kwayo
Lomhlobo wenyamazana mkhulu begodu unamandla tle, iinkunzi zazo ziphakame ngemitha yinye nane (1.4 m) kanye nesilinganiso sobudisi esimakhilogremu amakhulu amabili namasumi asithandathu. Ezisikazi zincani kuneziduna.
Iinyamazanezi zinesikhumba esimaruthuruthu sombala ozotho oqarheke ngomlotha. Amehlo kanye nepumulo andungulelwe mabala omhlophe, kanye nangaphasi emphinjeni. Inyongayo inebala elimhlophe eliyiringhi. Iindlebeze zayo ezirondo zibonakala lula.
Ziinkunzi kwaphela ezineempondo ezigobenele ngaphambili. Zombili eduna nesikazi zikhupha umnuko ongasimnandi, begodu iphungelo linuka isikhathi eside lapho zihlala khona.
Ukudla/Idayethi
Inyamazana le idla utjani obuseduze neeyalo nofana imithombo engomiko. Zikhamba zizuma bezidobhelele lokha kutlhogeka utjani ezibudlako. Kumhlobo wenyamazana ongakghoni ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi, begodu isela amanzi qobe lilanga.
Ukuzala Nokukhulisa
Ukujarhana okunengi kwenzeka khulu ebusika, kodwana kuvamise ukwenzeka kancani kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka. Zivamise ukuzala amaphahla kesinye isikhathi libe linye, ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezilithoba.
Ukuzala okunengi kuvamise ukwenzeka khulu ehlobo. Eemvekeni eziimbalwa zokuthoma amakonyana azelwe, zivamise ukuwafihla emahlathini neenkhothii zotjhani obude nobuminyeneko, ngaphambi kobana alandele abonina ukuyokungena emhlambini.
Ukuziphatha
Kumhlobo wenyamazana ezwana nokuphila ngomhlambi, iinkunzi ezilawula iimfunda zisivikeka ngenturhu nangokuzikhukhumeza. Ezisikazi, amakonyana nezinye ezisakhulako ezizimpohlo zihlangana ngemihlambi.
Isibalo samalunga womhlambi sihluka ngokuya ngamalanga ngombana ezinye zikghona ukuphuma ziye komunye umhlambi nofana umhlambi ungezeleleke ngamanye amalunga.
Zinekghono elihle lokuthaya emanzini, begodu nazisahlelwako nofana zithuselwako zikghona ukubalekela phakati kwamanzi lapho umlambo utjhinga khona khulu. Zinjalo nje zivamise ukutholakala ngemihlambi enamalunga amasumi amathathu.
Indawo Yokuhlala/ Ikhaya/ Isikhundla
Zihlala eendaweni ezimanzi kwaphela, lapho kunamahlathi nofana iimilo eziminyeneko kanye notjani obusezingeni lobukhulu ngesilinganiso esiphaka sobude. Kesinye isikhathi zinokuya eendaweni ezimahlathi avulekileko kanye nemabaleni walapho kukhe kwarhurhula khona izulu.
Lapho Zitholakala Khona
ESewula Afrika zisabalele magega neemforo kanye namadonga weMpumalanga, esiFundeni seTlhagwini kanye neTlhagwini yaKwaZulu-Natal. Muva nje zibuyiselwe e-St Lucia kanye ne-Ithala game reserves yaKwaZulu-Natal.
Amanabazo/Iinlwani Eziyingozi
Iimpisi, amaBhubezi kanye nezingwemabala ngizo ezimanaba amakhulu epilweni yenyamazana le, kodwana ingwenyama, izinja ezizumako kanye neenhlosi zivamise ukusahlela inyamazana le.
Iimbalobalo Ngepilwazo Ezirhunyeziweko
Igama lesi-Latin: Kobus ellipsiprymnus
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi): 205 - 250 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (eduna): 250 - 270 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (esikazi): 210 cm
Isilinganiso sobude (eduna): 210 cm
Isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha: 9 months
Isibalo/ inani lamakonyana: 1 calf
Umhlobo/ irhemo: Artiodactyla
Umndenazo: Bovidae
Impondo: 75 cm
Ukuzala nokukhulisa: Zivamise ukuzala kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka nanyana amakonyana amanengi avmise ukuzalwa ehlobo kezinye iindawo.
Ihlathululo Ngemitlhalazo
Imitlhala yenyamazana le iyangobudala nangobulili bazo. Kezinye iba rondo begodu ibanzi kuthi ezinye zinqophe kwaphela. | isiNdebele |
Igama
Imbila (Procaviacapensis)
Ukwakheka nokuvela kwayo
Imbila kusilwani senarhakazini ye-Afrika esihlobene khulu nekhondlo elibizwa ngonombengwana, umehluko okhona bukhulu bayo nayicathaniswa nekhondlweli. Ubuhlobo nokufana kwawo okukhulokhu kususelwa esakhiweni samazinywazo kanye neenyawo.
Ukudla
Imbila iphila ngokudla iimilo nokhunye okuphathelene neemlilo. Isilwana esidla ngendlela yokuhlanganisa lokho esikudlako, kodwana ithanda khulu ukudla utjani ngesikhathi sezulu nofana ehlobo nabukhona. Injalo-nje ngesikhathi sesomiso idla esinye nesinye isimilo esitholakala eduze. Ivamise ukudla iimilo ezaziwa ngokuba yitjhefu, ezinomnuko, ezimile ngebanga lokuwa kwembewu emithini.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Zivamise ukuzala amadzinyana ekuthomeni kwehlobo ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezilikhomba. Ezinyezalezo ezisikazi zivamise ukumithangaphambi kokuhlanganisa umnyaka wobudala, kanti-ke kuvame bona zizale amadzinyana amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuya kamathathu. Umhlambi weembila ezisikazi ezingaba lisumi nekhomba uvamise ukubuswa yimbila yinye eduna, kuthi ezinye eziduna nezinganasikhathi eside zilungele ukujarha zihlalele kude nomhlambi lo.
Ukuziphatha kwazo
Iimbila zizwana nokothamela ilanga emadwaleni amakhulu, khulukhulu ekuseni kanye nangemva kwamadina. Zinjalo nje zidliwa khulu makhozi, ithwana, kanye nezingwe.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Njengombana ibizo lazo lenda buko lizihlathulula nje (Rocky Hyrax), zizithandela iindawo ezimadwala nofana amatje amakhulu, eSewula ye-Afrika yoke nje. Zaziwa khulu nangokukhwela imithi msinya, khulukhulu lapho imithi iseduze namatjazo amakhulu.
Iimbalobalo ngepilwazo ezirhunyeziweko
Igamalesi-Latin Latin Name: ProcaviaCapensis
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi): 2,5 - 4,2 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (eduna): 3,2 - 4,7 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (esikazi): 55 cm
Isilinganiso sobude (eduna): 55 cm
Isikhathisekambisoyokumitha: 8 months
Inani/ isibalo samadzinyana: 1 – 6
Ukulungela ukujarha: 17 months
Isilinganiso sobudisi ekuzalweni: 165 - 230 g
Irhemo: Hyracoidea
Umndenazo: Procaviidae
Ukuzala nokukhulisa: Ngemva kweenyanga ezilikhomba zesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha, zivamise ukuzala idzinyana linye ukuya kasithandathu phakathi kwenyanga kaKhukhulamungu kanye noSewula ukuya kuNtaka kanye noSihlabantangana.
Ihlathululo ngemitlhalazo
Zinemizwani emine eenyaweni zaphambili kanye nemizwani emithathu eenyaweni zemuva. Amazwani pheze woke anamazipho ngaphandle kwalawo weenyawo zemuva aphakathi, wona aneenzipho ezihlukileko begodu zigobene. Iintende zazo zisebaleni, zinjalo nje isikumba seentendezazo siqinile begodu kutholakala kiso izitho ezimumatha idlala begodu yenzabonyana lapho zikhona kuhlale kuthambile ukwenzela bona zikghone ukubambela ngazo. Begodu lokhu kuyisiza bona ikghone ukubambela ematjeni amakhulu athambileko kanye nokukhwela imithi ngebelo. | isiNdebele |
Ilanga lamhlanakho elabonakala njengelijayelekileko ngoMgwengweni 1969 liletha amatjhuguluko amakhulu epilweni yakasondaba u-Dorh Peter Magubane. Isandla esimbi segadelelo sabetheka kabuhlungu. Begade kungasikokuthoma lapho ahlukunyezwa khona mapholisa, kodwana ngalesi isikhathi arhorhelwa e-Pretoria Central Prison.
Lapho amapholisa amutjhuka ngemibuzo. Bebafuna ukuthi abatjele bonyana uthunywe balweli bomphakathi abalawula ipahlo yombuso ukwenzela bonyana kubekwe iSewula Afrika emkhanyweni omumbi. Bamenza bonyana azithole ajame phezu kweentina ezibogabogako ubusuku obuhlanu kanye namalanga amahlanu, u-Peter wawa elangeni lesihlanu.
Wavalelwa ejele ayedwa ukufikela ngenyanga kaSewula 1969, lapho athweswa khona umlandu ngaphasi koMthetho i-Suppression of Communism Act. Ukusahlelwa ngamacala kuragela phambili. NgoMhlolanja 1970, ngemva kokuhlanjululwa emacaleni, wabotjhwa godu, ekhotho.
Baragela phambili ngokumvalela ejele ayedwa. NgoRhoboyi 1970, wathwesa icala godu, ngaphasi koMthetho we-Terrorism Act, kanaye nongoNtaka 1971, ngaphasi kweSigaba sesiThandathu soMthetho we-Terrorism Act — esivumela ukungapheli kokuvalelwa kwakhe. Wagcina atjhatjhululiwe ngo-1971. U-Peter waqeda amalangana apheleleko ama-586 ejele lokuvalelwa uwedwa.
Wakateleleka bonyana alise emsebenzini we-Rand Daily Mail begodu lokha asese ngaphasi kweminyaka emihlanu yokujanyiswa kwangomnyaka ka-1972, waphuma bese wadosa eminye esithandathu emaselele. ‘Ngibhadale intengo ngokuba mthathiinthombe enarheni,’ uyanaba. Kwathi ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi somyalo wokujanyiswa ngoSewula 1975, wabuyela eendabeni ne-Rand Daily Mail.
‘Akhekho ebegade angangivimba ekukhulumeni iqiniso!’ Wahlathulula ngokuzithemba bonyana wazithola njani iindlela kanye namano wokukghona ukusinda ejele yokukatelelwa. ‘Amandla abuya kuSomnini’ usivulela isifuba, ‘begodu begade ngazi bonyana akukho okungakalungi engikwenzileko!’ into engayenzako kwakukufoda abentwana absebenza emaplasini. ’ Uyakhumbula, ‘Begade nginokuzwa abanye ababotjha bahlaba umkhosi ebusuku, begade bahlunguphazwa.
Nangabe begade ngicabanga bonyana bekungimi ngedwa, begade ngizokuhlanya. Kwangisiza khulu ukwazi bonyana begade ngingasingendwa ebegade asemtlhagweni lowo. Begade kunabanye ebebatlhagiswa ukudlula mina, e-Robben Island, badosa isigwebo sedilika jele.’ Namhlanje uyindoda ezithobileko engathathi isikhathi ukuhleka, begodu kubonakala kuhle bonyana akhenge avumele amagcubu bonyana agcwalise ihliziywakhe. ‘Libalela, kodwanaungakhohlwa . Kufuze uragele phambili ngepilwako.’ | isiNdebele |
Njengombana i-Vredefort bolide yaphoseka ephasini, ibelo layo belingaba seduze nahlangana na40 000 kunye ne270 000 amakhilomitha qobe i-awara. Nayibetha phasi, amandla amakhulu aphuma ngaleso isikhathi ngokuthuthumba okukhulu okwadlula u-Little Boy ngamandla aphindwaphindwe kayi5000, ekuyibhomu ebizwa nge-nuclear bomb eyabhubhisa i-Hiroshima. Kubalwa bona ibethano ngamandleli nalibekwa ku-Richter Scale lingaba kunamba 14 nofana lingaba namandla aphindwaphindwe kayi100 000 ukudlula ukudengezela kwephasi (earthquake) okumbi khulu ekhekwarikhodiwa.
I-bolide yangenelela phasi ephasini nga10 yamakhilomitha ngaphambili kobana ithuthumbe. Yaphula ematjeni we-Transvaal, Ventersdorp, Witwatersrand kunye newe-Dominion Supergroups ukuveza ikamura elingaphasi le-granite lekhontinendi ye-Kaapvaal.
I-crater lena beyingakanzizni kuhle itjekele ngehlangothini linye, begodu yawa msinya ngemva kwebethano ngamandla phasi. Amarimu we-crater aphuka abaziincephuncephu ezifana nerhemo lezindlu ezifanako ezihlangeneko eblogweni ezilinganako, ezaragela phambili zawela phasi esigodini esitjhingelako.
Ngemizuzwana, i-crater yabesele ibanzi ibumbeke njengesigodi esingatjhingeli khulu esinedayamitha angaba makhilomitha ayi300. Yangezeleleka ukusuka ePitori ukufika e-Welkom, begodu nanje isabobakala ngemilandelande yeempomporima (efaka hlangana i-Witwatersrand) egade itjekele phezulu ngonobangela webethano ngamandla.
Ngesikhathi sinye lokha irimu naliwako, i-uplift beyibumbeka phakathi kwe-crater. Lokhu kwenzeka ngombana, lokha i-bolide nayibethekako, amatje angaphasi komhlaba lapho ibethano ngamandla elezwakala khona khulu bekagandeleleke khulu. Ngemva kobana i-bolide iphenduke amathosi amanengi wamanzi, ukujama kwegandeleleko elivela phezulu lavumela amatje bona abhampele phezulu, ukubuyisela ukulingana kwawo. Ukutjhaphuluka lokhu kwabangela isiquntu se- Archaean granite sithumbuse amalarha wamatje amancani egade ahleli ngaphezulu kwayo.
Amalarha wamatje wekuthomeni egade athabalele we-Witwatersrand kunye newe-Transvaal Supergroup aphoseleka ngemahlangothini wawo bekaqala phezulu, abumba ikholoro ngemaqadi kwekamura elingaphasi komakhiwo wamatje amadala amanengi aya phezulu. I-uplift yabuye yahlala phasi godu, kodwana yahlala ngaphezulu kwerimu ye-crater. Ngemuva kwesikhathi, i-Vredefort granite yemandulo egade ivelele ngaphezulu yakhutjhwa ku-quarry, iinqephu zalokhu ‘i-dimension stone’ zasetjenziselwa ukurhabisa iinsekelo zemikhawulo emitjha yedoyelo leemphaphamtjhini e-Johannesburg.
Imiphumela yama-landscape eyabakhona, ivezwe njengesenta ye-uplift ezombelezwe sigodi esibanzi, esipataleleko nerimu ephukileko, ebizwa nge-complex crater begodu kufanele ilinganiswe namancani ‘i-simple’ craters, afana nenye e-Tswaing. Ngeqiniso, yi-uplift yesenta kwaphela (ngendabuko enesilinganiso esingaba yi100 khilomitha ubuvundla) elungele ukuba yi-Vredefort Dome. Iinsalela zomakhiwo we-crater azikavikelwa mithetho yePalamende yelifa (i-heritage legislation).
Ngesikhathi sebethano ngamandla, ukuphakama kwephasi bekuphezulu khulu ukudlula indlela elingayo namhlanjesi begodu, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi2 bhiliyoni edlulileko, umakhiwo we-Vredefort dome bewurhurhuleke khulu. Egcenye yesewula yetjingalanga ye-crater, amatje amatja we-Karoo Supergroup ambesa umakhiwo we-dome, ngomzuzu iinrhirirhiri zizala isigodi esibanzi ngemaqadi kwe-dome. Namhlanjesi, iinsalela eziseleko ezibonakalako ze-dome siquntu serondo seempomporima elinganiseneko ejika hlangana namadorobha amabili we-Potchefstroom kunye ne-Parys. Ubujalo obumangazakokhu kwejometri bubonakala kuhle eentombeni ze-aerial nofana zesathelayithi, begodu kwanjesi seyaziwa njenge-Dome Bergland nofana i-Dome Mountain Land.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Frogfish
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Alikho
Igama Lesayensi
Antennariidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi amahlanu.
Ikambiso Yokufaniswa
Mhlobo ophila elwandle elivulekileko kanye nangaphasi esithomeni selwandle. Imihlobo ephila elwandle elivulekileko ivamise ukuba ngepataleleko amahlangothi woke kuthi leyo ephila phasi esithomeni selwandle ibe ngepatalala ngokudluleleko khulukhulu emhlana nofana emathunjini. Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka komhlophe, osarulana kanye nobovu ukuya kozotho okumnyama kanye nonzima.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Antennariidae lo wakhiwe mikhakhawo elitjhumi nambili kanye nemihlobo ematjhumi amane nanye. Zithiyelelwe ngendlelazo zokubulala ezikudlako. Yifesi ekarisako emila incenye eyinyama phezu kwehloko. Umhlathayo ujanyiswa kulumbana nencenye eyinyama enganathambo esemlonyeni.
Injalo nje ikghona ukulula umhlathi kanye namathumbu ukwenzela ukuginya isilwani esibuleleko nesingaba sikhulu kiyo ngokubuyelelwe kabili. Nokho akusiyo ifesi emajadu. Ifihleka lula ngesakhiwo sayo. Amaqandazo akhiwa kukuthi eduna ihlangane nesikazi bese eduna ikhipphela imbewu yesapho nofana yenzalo ngaphakathi kwesikazi.
Ukudla Kwazo
Imihlobo le ibamba ukudla ngokusebenzisa incenye yomlomo enganamathambo esehloko. Ukuthinta inyama le kuvele kwenze bonya umhlathi uvuleke.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Ukusuka elwandle elitjhingako ukuya emkhawulweni ohlukanisa iinarhakazi.
Common Species
Pink anglerfish - Antennarius rosaceus
Clown anglerfish - Antennarius maculates
Giant anglerfish -Antennarius commersonii | isiNdebele |
Imitjhado ehleliweko khabe ivamile ebadosini phambili babaSotho nebantweni bamakhosi, ukuhlangana ngabezimu kanye nobuhlobo gade kuqakathekile ukuhlela ubuhlobo bezehlalakuhle kanye nebomthetho. Ubaba womsana gade avamise ukubawena indodanakhe umkhamazi ngokobana aye ebabelethini bomfazi. Nange bavumile, umsana kanye nabangani bakhe abambalwa, gade bavakatjhela umntazana ngokomthetho. Nange avuma kobana bamthathe umntazana loyo gade anikeza isokanelo iskhafu sakhe (moqhaka). Amnikeze ukudla lokha nakangavumiko, kobana kuthiwe gade azele ukudla, ingasi ithando.
Nanyana ababilaba gade kwenzakele kobana khange ngibahlangane, gade bavamise kobana bavume abantu ababakhthelwe babelethi babo, kodwana kade, gade bakatelelekile kobana bavume ukutjhada nabo bathanda nanyana bangathandi. Mvanje sele kuvamile kobana bazikhethele abantu abafuna ukubathatha, begodu banengi abentazana angakatjhadi abababomma.
Kade, umtjhado wabekwa emthethweni ngokuthumela ilobolo, elisuka eenhlobeni zendoda, liya ekhabo mfazi. Ukubhadalwa kwenkomo kanye nenye ifuyo kukhombisa bona abentwana bazokuthatha isibongo sakayise, kungasi sakanina. Iloboyi gade libhadelwa ngenkomo eziyi-20, ipere yinye, kanye nezimvu izilisumi nanyana iimbuzi, kodwana akusikanengi lapha kade indoda gade ilibhadala loke liphela ilobolo. Ngemva kokobana kuthunyelwe iinkomo ezifika esumini, ukobana iragele phambili ibhadele,kade kurhelebha iinqhemezi kobana zakhe ubuhlobo.
Eskhathini esadlulak, umtjhado gade wenziwa msinya ngemva kokobana uhlelwe. Kuze, kube kulokho,ababilaba gade bangakavunyelwa kobana bahlangane ngokomseme nanyana bahlale bobabili. Namhlanje, imitjhado eminengi yenziwa ngemva kokobana abathandanako bahlale bobabili nanyana ngemva kokobana abangani bakhe bebe umntazana (ukushobela/smanje) umntazana amkhethileko, bamusa ekhabo, lapha bamamukela khona engathi kunomtjhado. Lapho kuhlatjwa khona ikomo ukugidinga umnyanya lo, lokha inothiso kamakoti imlandela. Ukuthunyelwa kwamalobolo kokuthoma, ekuzinkomo ezisithandathu, kukuvuma bona umkhenyani ukhe wahlangana ngokomseme nomfazakhe, kodwana akutjho bona abentwana sele bangasebenzisa isbongo sakhe ukwenza lokho kutlhogeka kobana akhiphe iinkomo ezilisumi nanyana imali elingana nazo,ezikhitjhwa bezibonwe tjhatjhalazi.
Namhlanje abantu abatjha abatjhadileko abakalindeleki kobana bangaba nemizabo. Umakoti uhlala nababelethi bendodakhe. Lapha apheka khona, arhelebhe ngemisebenzi yangendlini, asebenze emasimini, ngaso soke isikhathi athobela imithetho nanyana atjengisa ihlonipho ababelethini bendodakhe, ekufaka hlangana ukungabizi ibizo lakhe, nanyana elinye nelinye ibizo elifana nalo.
Kade indoda kade irhona ukuaplayela inarha ezokwakha kiyo lokha nayithoma ukuhlala nomkayo emthetheko, kancani kancani khabe kwakheka umuzi omutjha hlangana kwemizi emidala egade ivele ikhona. Ukutlhogeka kwenarha mvanje, kutjho bona sele kunerhonakalo yokobana alinde iskhathi esingaba mnyaka, ukuthola sakhe istandi. Kodwana abomakoti abanengi sele bakwala ukukotizana bafuna ukuzitholela imizabo khonokho ngemva kokwenda.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana | isiNdebele |
ISITHALA Julayi 2014 | Umbono KaZimu Ngokubhema
Ukwazi lokho akucabangako kungakusiza ulise ukubhema.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Kubayini kuragela phambili naphezu kwemizamo yokulwisana nakho?
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
IBhayibheli alikhulumi ngegwayi, alo-ke singazi njani?
IKULUMISWANO NOMAKHELWANA
Nangabe bayakholelwa, kubayini bazibiza bona boFakazi bakaJesu?
IBhayibheli lithi uZimu uzokuvusa ekufeni ngitjho nabantu abangakalungi. Kubayini azokwenza njalo?
LINGISA IKHOLO LABO
Isibonelo sakaMariya, unina lakaJesu, singakusiza nawuqalene ‘nesabula ede’ yobuhlungu.
Inga-kghani umnqopho wephaseli uzakuzaliseka? | isiNdebele |
IPILO NOMSEBENZI WOBUKRESTU—IHLELO LOMHLANGANO WEBANDLA Apreli 2018
Iintjumayelo ezimilandelande ezikhuluma ngeBhayibheli nokuphila komndeni okuthabisako.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Nanyana iPhasika belingafanekiseli isiKhumbuzo, kodwana ezinye izinto zePhasika ziyasithinta.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Ukwenza abafundi kutjho ukufundisa abanye koke uJesu asiyale ngakho. Umsebenzethu wokwenza abafundi uhlanganisa ukufundisa abantu esibafundelako lokho uJesu asiyale ngakho begodu balandele isibonelo sakhe.
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
UJesu wayala abafundi bakhe bona bakhambe bayokwenza abafundi. Kubandakanyani lokhu? Singabasiza njani abantu bona bathuthuke ekulotjheni uZimu?
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Sifundani esimangalisweni esitlolwe kuMarkosi 2:5-12? Indaba le ingasisiza njani bona sikghodlhelele nasigulako?
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Kubayini uJesu ezwa ubuhlungu ngendlela abadosiphambili bekolo yamaJuda abaziphatha ngayo? Ngimiphi imibuzo engasisiza sibone ukuthi silingisa isirhawu sakaJesu?
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Ukuzindla ngeendaba eziseBhayibhelini zokuvuswa kwabantu kuzokuqinisa ukukholelwa kwethu evukweni lesikhathini esizako.
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Bona sifundise ngokuphumelelako, kufuze siwasebenzise kuhle amathulusi esinawo. Ngiliphi ithulusi lethu eliyihloko? Singathuthuka njani ekusebenziseni amaThulusi esinawo wokuFundisa? | isiNdebele |
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