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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: None of the mutations and only one of the rare variants was identified in a reference population of 73 unrelated subjects .
### Output Text: | None of the mutations and only one of the rare variants was identified in a reference population of 73 unrelated subjects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Alterations in BRCA1 were identified in approximately 10 percent of this cohort of young women with breast cancer .
### Output Text: | Alterations in BRCA1 were identified in approximately 10 percent of this cohort of young women with <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The risk of harboring a mutation was not limited to women with family histories of breast or ovarian cancer .
### Output Text: | The risk of harboring a mutation was not limited to women with family histories of <span class="disease">breast or ovarian cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These results represent a minimal estimate of the frequency of BRCA1 mutations in this population .
### Output Text: | These results represent a minimal estimate of the frequency of BRCA1 mutations in this population . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Comprehensive methods of identifying BRCA1 mutations and understanding their importance will be needed before testing of women in the general population can be undertaken . .
### Output Text: | Comprehensive methods of identifying BRCA1 mutations and understanding their importance will be needed before testing of women in the general population can be undertaken . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Novel inherited mutations and variable expressivity of BRCA1 alleles , including the founder mutation 185delAG in Ashkenazi Jewish families .
### Output Text: | Novel inherited mutations and variable expressivity of BRCA1 alleles , including the founder mutation 185delAG in Ashkenazi Jewish families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thirty - seven families with four or more cases of breast cancer or breast and ovarian cancer were analyzed for mutations in BRCA1 .
### Output Text: | Thirty - seven families with four or more cases of <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> or <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> were analyzed for mutations in BRCA1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Twelve different germ - line mutations , four novel and eight previously observed , were detected in 16 families .
### Output Text: | Twelve different germ - line mutations , four novel and eight previously observed , were detected in 16 families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Five families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent carried the 185delAG mutation and shared the same haplotype at eight polymorphic markers spanning approximately 850 kb at BRCA1 .
### Output Text: | Five families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent carried the 185delAG mutation and shared the same haplotype at eight polymorphic markers spanning approximately 850 kb at BRCA1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Expressivity of 185delAG in these families varied , from early - onset breast cancer without ovarian cancer .
### Output Text: | Expressivity of 185delAG in these families varied , from early - onset <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> without <span class="disease">ovarian cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Mutation 4184delTCAA occurred independently in two families .
### Output Text: | Mutation 4184delTCAA occurred independently in two families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In one family , penetrance was complete , with females developing early - onset breast cancer or ovarian cancer and the male carrier developing prostatic cancer , whereas , in the other family , penetrance was incomplete and only breast cancer occurred , diagnosed at ages 38 - 81 years .
### Output Text: | In one family , penetrance was complete , with females developing early - onset <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> or <span class="disease">ovarian cancer</span> and the male carrier developing <span class="disease">prostatic cancer</span> , whereas , in the other family , penetrance was incomplete and only <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> occurred , diagnosed at ages 38 - 81 years . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Two novel nonsense mutations led to the loss of mutant BRCA1 transcript in families with 10 and 6 cases of early - onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer .
### Output Text: | Two novel nonsense mutations led to the loss of mutant BRCA1 transcript in families with 10 and 6 cases of early - onset <span class="disease">breast cancer</span> and <span class="disease">ovarian cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A 665 - nt segment of the BRCA1 3 - UTR and 1 .
### Output Text: | A 665 - nt segment of the BRCA1 3 - UTR and 1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 3 kb of genomic sequence including the putative promoter region were invariant by single - strand conformation analysis in 13 families without coding - sequence mutations .
### Output Text: | 3 kb of genomic sequence including the putative promoter region were invariant by single - strand conformation analysis in 13 families without coding - sequence mutations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Overall in our series , BRCA1 mutations have been detected in 26 families 16 with positive BRCA1 lod scores , 7 with negative lod scores ( reflecting multiple sporadic breast cancers ) , and 3 not tested for linkage .
### Output Text: | Overall in our series , BRCA1 mutations have been detected in 26 families 16 with positive BRCA1 lod scores , 7 with negative lod scores ( reflecting multiple sporadic <span class="disease">breast cancers</span> ) , and 3 not tested for linkage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Three other families have positive lod scores for linkage to BRCA2 , but 13 families without detected BRCA1 mutations have negative lod scores for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 .
### Output Text: | Three other families have positive lod scores for linkage to BRCA2 , but 13 families without detected BRCA1 mutations have negative lod scores for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A new glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase variant , G6PD Orissa ( 44 Ala - - > Gly ) , is the major polymorphic variant in tribal populations in India .
### Output Text: | A new glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase variant , G6PD Orissa ( 44 Ala - - > Gly ) , is the major polymorphic variant in tribal populations in India . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Deficiency of glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) is usually found at high frequencies in areas of the world where malaria has been endemic .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Deficiency of glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase</span> ( G6PD ) is usually found at high frequencies in areas of the world where <span class="disease">malaria</span> has been endemic . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The frequency and genetic basis of G6PD deficiency have been studied in Africa , around the Mediterranean , and in the Far East , but little such information is available about the situation in India .
### Output Text: | The frequency and genetic basis of <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> have been studied in Africa , around the Mediterranean , and in the Far East , but little such information is available about the situation in India . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: To determine the extent of heterogeneity of G6PD , we have studied several different Indian populations by screening for G6PD deficiency , followed by molecular analysis of deficient alleles .
### Output Text: | To determine the extent of heterogeneity of G6PD , we have studied several different Indian populations by screening for <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> , followed by molecular analysis of deficient alleles . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The frequency of G6PD deficiency varies between 3 % and 15 % in different tribal and urban groups .
### Output Text: | The frequency of <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> varies between 3 % and 15 % in different tribal and urban groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Remarkably , a previously unreported deficient variant , G6PD Orissa ( 44 Ala - - > Gly ) , is responsible for most of the G6PD deficiency in tribal Indian populations but is not found in urban populations , where most of the G6PD deficiency is due to the G6PD Mediterranean ( 188 Ser - - > Phe ) variant .
### Output Text: | Remarkably , a previously unreported deficient variant , G6PD Orissa ( 44 Ala - - > Gly ) , is responsible for most of the <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> in tribal Indian populations but is not found in urban populations , where most of the <span class="disease">G6PD deficiency</span> is due to the G6PD Mediterranean ( 188 Ser - - > Phe ) variant . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The KmNADP of G6PD Orissa is fivefold higher than that of the normal enzyme .
### Output Text: | The KmNADP of G6PD Orissa is fivefold higher than that of the normal enzyme . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This may be due to the fact that the alanine residue that is replaced by glycine is part of a putative coenzyme - binding site . .
### Output Text: | This may be due to the fact that the alanine residue that is replaced by glycine is part of a putative coenzyme - binding site . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18 with a parent - of - origin effect .
### Output Text: | Evidence for linkage of <span class="disease">bipolar disorder</span> to chromosome 18 with a parent - of - origin effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A susceptibility gene on chromosome 18 and a parent - of - origin effect have been suggested for bipolar affective disorder ( BPAD ) .
### Output Text: | A susceptibility gene on chromosome 18 and a parent - of - origin effect have been suggested for <span class="disease">bipolar affective disorder</span> ( <span class="disease">BPAD</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We have studied 28 nuclear families selected for apparent unilineal transmission of the BPAD phenotype , by using 31 polymorphic markers spanning chromosome 18 .
### Output Text: | We have studied 28 nuclear families selected for apparent unilineal transmission of the <span class="disease">BPAD</span> phenotype , by using 31 polymorphic markers spanning chromosome 18 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Evidence for linkage was tested with affected - sib - pair and LOD score methods under two definitions of the affected phenotype .
### Output Text: | Evidence for linkage was tested with affected - sib - pair and LOD score methods under two definitions of the affected phenotype . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The affected - sibpair analyses indicated excess allele sharing for markers on 18p within the region reported previously .
### Output Text: | The affected - sibpair analyses indicated excess allele sharing for markers on 18p within the region reported previously . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The greatest sharing was at D18S37 64 % in bipolar and recurrent unipolar ( RUP ) sib pairs ( P = . 0006 ) .
### Output Text: | The greatest sharing was at D18S37 64 % in bipolar and recurrent unipolar ( RUP ) sib pairs ( P = . 0006 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In addition , excess sharing of the paternally , but not maternally , transmitted alleles was observed at three markers on 18q at D18S41 , 51 bipolar and RUP sib pairs were concordant for paternally transmitted alleles , and 21 pairs were discordant ( P = 0004 ) .
### Output Text: | In addition , excess sharing of the paternally , but not maternally , transmitted alleles was observed at three markers on 18q at D18S41 , 51 bipolar and RUP sib pairs were concordant for paternally transmitted alleles , and 21 pairs were discordant ( P = 0004 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The evidence for linkage to loci on both 18p and 18q was strongest in the 11 paternal pedigrees , i .
### Output Text: | The evidence for linkage to loci on both 18p and 18q was strongest in the 11 paternal pedigrees , i . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: e e . , those in which the father or one of the fathers sibs is affected .
### Output Text: | e e . , those in which the father or one of the fathers sibs is affected . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In these pedigrees , the greatest allele sharing ( 81 % ; P = . 00002 ) and the highest LOD score ( 3 . 51 ; phi = 0 . 0 ) were observed at D18S41 .
### Output Text: | In these pedigrees , the greatest allele sharing ( 81 % ; P = . 00002 ) and the highest LOD score ( 3 . 51 ; phi = 0 . 0 ) were observed at D18S41 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Our results provide further support for linkage of BPAD to chromosome 18 and the first molecular evidence for a parent - of - origin effect operating in this disorder .
### Output Text: | Our results provide further support for linkage of <span class="disease">BPAD</span> to chromosome 18 and the first molecular evidence for a parent - of - origin effect operating in this disorder . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The number of loci involved , and their precise location , require further study
### Output Text: | The number of loci involved , and their precise location , require further study |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A prevalent mutation for galactosemia among black Americans .
### Output Text: | A prevalent mutation for <span class="disease">galactosemia</span> among black Americans . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE To define the mutation causing galactosemia in patients of black American origin who have no galactose - 1 - phosphate uridyltransferase ( GALT ) activity in erythrocytes but good clinical outcome .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE To define the mutation causing <span class="disease">galactosemia</span> in patients of black American origin who have no galactose - 1 - phosphate uridyltransferase ( GALT ) activity in erythrocytes but good clinical outcome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS We discovered a mutation caused by a C - - > T transition at base - pair 1158 of the GALT gene that results in a serine - to - leucine substitution at codon 135 ( S135L ) .
### Output Text: | METHODS We discovered a mutation caused by a C - - > T transition at base - pair 1158 of the GALT gene that results in a serine - to - leucine substitution at codon 135 ( S135L ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We developed a method with which to screen populations for its prevalence .
### Output Text: | We developed a method with which to screen populations for its prevalence . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We compared galactose - 1 - phosphate uridyltransferase among erythrocytes , leukocytes , and transformed lymphoblasts , as well as total body oxidation of D - ( 13C ) - galactose to 13CO2 among three genotypes for GALT ( S135L / S135L , Q188R / Q188R , and Normal / Normal ) .
### Output Text: | We compared galactose - 1 - phosphate uridyltransferase among erythrocytes , leukocytes , and transformed lymphoblasts , as well as total body oxidation of D - ( 13C ) - galactose to 13CO2 among three genotypes for GALT ( S135L / S135L , Q188R / Q188R , and Normal / Normal ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS We found a 48 % prevalence of the S135L mutation among 17 black American patients with classic galactosemia and a 1 % prevalence in a population of 50 black Americans without galactosemia .
### Output Text: | RESULTS We found a 48 % prevalence of the S135L mutation among 17 black American patients with <span class="disease">classic galactosemia</span> and a 1 % prevalence in a population of 50 black Americans without <span class="disease">galactosemia</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The S135L mutation was not found in 84 white patients with G / G galactosemia nor in 87 white control subjects without galactosemia .
### Output Text: | The S135L mutation was not found in 84 white patients with G / G <span class="disease">galactosemia</span> nor in 87 white control subjects without <span class="disease">galactosemia</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We found normal whole body oxidation of D - ( 13C ) - galactose by the patient homozygous for S135L and various degrees of enzyme impairment among different tissues .
### Output Text: | We found normal whole body oxidation of D - ( 13C ) - galactose by the patient homozygous for S135L and various degrees of enzyme impairment among different tissues . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS The S135L mutation in the GALT gene is a prevalent cause of galactosemia among black patients .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS The S135L mutation in the GALT gene is a prevalent cause of <span class="disease">galactosemia</span> among black patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Because GALT activity varies in different tissues of patients homozygous for S135L , they may have a better clinical outcome than patients who are homozygous for Q188R when both are treated from infancy . .
### Output Text: | Because GALT activity varies in different tissues of patients homozygous for S135L , they may have a better clinical outcome than patients who are homozygous for Q188R when both are treated from infancy . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A high incidence of BRCA1 mutations in 20 breast - ovarian cancer families .
### Output Text: | A high incidence of BRCA1 mutations in 20 <span class="disease">breast - ovarian cancer</span> families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We have analyzed 20 breast - ovarian cancer families , the majority of which show positive evidence of linkage to chromosome 17q12 for germ - line mutations in the BRCA1 gene .
### Output Text: | We have analyzed 20 <span class="disease">breast - ovarian cancer</span> families , the majority of which show positive evidence of linkage to chromosome 17q12 for germ - line mutations in the BRCA1 gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BRCA1 mutations cosegregating with breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility were identified in 16 families , including 1 family with a case of male breast cancer .
### Output Text: | BRCA1 mutations cosegregating with <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> susceptibility were identified in 16 families , including 1 family with a case of <span class="disease">male breast cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Nine of these mutations have not been reported previously .
### Output Text: | Nine of these mutations have not been reported previously . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The majority of mutations were found to generate a premature stop codon leading to the formation of a truncated BRCA1 protein of 2 % - 88 % of the expected normal length .
### Output Text: | The majority of mutations were found to generate a premature stop codon leading to the formation of a truncated BRCA1 protein of 2 % - 88 % of the expected normal length . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Two mutations altered the RING finger domain .
### Output Text: | Two mutations altered the RING finger domain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Sequencing of genomic DNA led to the identification of a mutation in the coding region of BRCA1 in 12 families , and cDNA analysis revealed an abnormal or missing BRCA1 transcript in 4 of the 8 remaining families .
### Output Text: | Sequencing of genomic DNA led to the identification of a mutation in the coding region of BRCA1 in 12 families , and cDNA analysis revealed an abnormal or missing BRCA1 transcript in 4 of the 8 remaining families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A total of eight mutations were associated with a reduced quantity of BRCA1 transcript .
### Output Text: | A total of eight mutations were associated with a reduced quantity of BRCA1 transcript . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We were unable to detect BRCA1 mutations in 4 of the 20 families , but only 1 of these was clearly linked to BRCA1 .
### Output Text: | We were unable to detect BRCA1 mutations in 4 of the 20 families , but only 1 of these was clearly linked to BRCA1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: It is expected that the majority of clear examples of the breast - ovarian syndrome will be associated with germ - line mutations in the coding region of BRCA1 . .
### Output Text: | It is expected that the majority of clear examples of the <span class="disease">breast - ovarian syndrome</span> will be associated with germ - line mutations in the coding region of BRCA1 . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Brca1 deficiency results in early embryonic lethality characterized by neuroepithelial abnormalities .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Brca1 deficiency</span> results in early <span class="disease">embryonic lethality</span> characterized by <span class="disease">neuroepithelial abnormalities</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene , BRCA1 , has been cloned and shown to encode a zinc - finger protein of unknown function .
### Output Text: | The <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> susceptibility gene , BRCA1 , has been cloned and shown to encode a zinc - finger protein of unknown function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Mutations in BRCA1 account for at least 80 % of families with both breast and ovarian cancer , as well as some non - familial sporadic ovarian cancers .
### Output Text: | Mutations in BRCA1 account for at least 80 % of families with both <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> , as well as some non - familial sporadic <span class="disease">ovarian cancers</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The loss of wild - type BRCA1 in tumours of individuals carrying one nonfunctional BRCA1 allele suggests that BRCA1 encodes a tumour suppressor that may inhibit the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells .
### Output Text: | The loss of wild - type BRCA1 in <span class="disease">tumours</span> of individuals carrying one nonfunctional BRCA1 allele suggests that BRCA1 encodes a <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor that may inhibit the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: To examine the role of BRCA1 in normal tissue growth and differentiation , and to generate a potential model for the cancer susceptibility associated with loss of BRCA1 function , we have created a mouse line carrying a mutation in one Brca1 allele .
### Output Text: | To examine the role of BRCA1 in normal tissue growth and differentiation , and to generate a potential model for the <span class="disease">cancer</span> susceptibility associated with loss of BRCA1 function , we have created a mouse line carrying a mutation in one Brca1 allele . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Analysis of mice homozygous for the mutant allele indicate that Brca1 is critical for normal development , as these mice died in utero between 10 and 13 days of gestation ( E10 - E13 ) .
### Output Text: | Analysis of mice homozygous for the mutant allele indicate that Brca1 is critical for normal development , as these mice died in utero between 10 and 13 days of gestation ( E10 - E13 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Abnormalities in Brca1 - deficient embryos were most evident in the neural tube , with 40 % of the embryos presenting with varying degrees of spina bifida and anencephaly .
### Output Text: | Abnormalities in <span class="disease">Brca1 - deficient</span> embryos were most evident in the neural tube , with 40 % of the embryos presenting with varying degrees of <span class="disease">spina bifida</span> and <span class="disease">anencephaly</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In addition , the neuroepithelium in Brca1 - deficient embryos appeared disorganized , with signs of both rapid proliferation and excessive cell death . .
### Output Text: | In addition , the neuroepithelium in <span class="disease">Brca1 - deficient</span> embryos appeared disorganized , with signs of both rapid proliferation and excessive cell death . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Identification of mutations in the ALD - gene of 20 families with adrenoleukodystrophy / adrenomyeloneuropathy .
### Output Text: | Identification of mutations in the ALD - gene of 20 families with <span class="disease">adrenoleukodystrophy</span> / <span class="disease">adrenomyeloneuropathy</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Adrenoleukodystrophy ( ALD ) , an X - linked inherited metabolic disorder , is the most frequent inborn peroxisomal disease .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Adrenoleukodystrophy</span> ( <span class="disease">ALD</span> ) , an <span class="disease">X - linked inherited metabolic disorder</span> , is the most frequent <span class="disease">inborn peroxisomal disease</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: It leads to demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous system .
### Output Text: | It leads to <span class="disease">demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous system</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Defective beta - oxidation of saturated very long chain fatty acids ( VLCFAs ; C22 0 - C26 0 ) in peroxisomes has been shown to lead to an accumulation of VLCFAs in leukoid areas of the central nervous system , peripheral nerves , adrenal gland , and blood .
### Output Text: | Defective beta - oxidation of saturated very long chain fatty acids ( VLCFAs ; C22 0 - C26 0 ) in peroxisomes has been shown to lead to an accumulation of VLCFAs in leukoid areas of the central nervous system , peripheral nerves , adrenal gland , and blood . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The ALD gene has been recently identified and encodes a 745 - amino - acid protein .
### Output Text: | The <span class="disease">ALD</span> gene has been recently identified and encodes a 745 - amino - acid protein . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: We screened patients with adrenoleukodystrophy / adrenomyeloneuropathy ( ALD / AMN ) from 20 kindreds for mutations in the ALD gene .
### Output Text: | We screened patients with <span class="disease">adrenoleukodystrophy</span> / <span class="disease">adrenomyeloneuropathy</span> ( <span class="disease">ALD</span> / <span class="disease">AMN</span> ) from 20 kindreds for mutations in the <span class="disease">ALD</span> gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Eleven missense and two nonsense mutations , five deletions , and one insertion were detected by direct sequencing of eight reverse transcribed fragments of the ALD - gene mRNA .
### Output Text: | Eleven missense and two nonsense mutations , five deletions , and one insertion were detected by direct sequencing of eight reverse transcribed fragments of the <span class="disease">ALD</span> - gene mRNA . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Four mutations could be shown to be de novo .
### Output Text: | Four mutations could be shown to be de novo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: All mutations could be confirmed in carriers by sequencing genomic DNA .
### Output Text: | All mutations could be confirmed in carriers by sequencing genomic DNA . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: No correlation between the type of mutation and the severity of the phenotype could be observed .
### Output Text: | No correlation between the type of mutation and the severity of the phenotype could be observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The mutations were not detected in the ALD gene of 30 healthy persons . .
### Output Text: | The mutations were not detected in the <span class="disease">ALD</span> gene of 30 healthy persons . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The murine homolog of the human breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene Brca1 maps to mouse chromosome 11D .
### Output Text: | The murine homolog of the human <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> susceptibility gene Brca1 maps to mouse chromosome 11D . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The recently cloned human breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene , BRCA1 , is located on human chromosome 17q21 .
### Output Text: | The recently cloned human <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> susceptibility gene , BRCA1 , is located on human chromosome 17q21 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: We have isolated murine genomic clones containing Brca1 as a first step in generating a mouse model for the loss of BRCA1 function .
### Output Text: | We have isolated murine genomic clones containing Brca1 as a first step in generating a mouse model for the loss of BRCA1 function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: A mouse genomic library was screened using probes corresponding to exon 11 of the human BRCA1 gene .
### Output Text: | A mouse genomic library was screened using probes corresponding to exon 11 of the human BRCA1 gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Two overlapping mouse clones were identified that hybridized to human BRCA1 exons 9 - 12 .
### Output Text: | Two overlapping mouse clones were identified that hybridized to human BRCA1 exons 9 - 12 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Sequence analysis of 1 .
### Output Text: | Sequence analysis of 1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: 4 kb of the region of these clones corresponding to part of human exon 11 revealed 72 % nucleic acid identity but only 50 % amino acid identity with the human gene .
### Output Text: | 4 kb of the region of these clones corresponding to part of human exon 11 revealed 72 % nucleic acid identity but only 50 % amino acid identity with the human gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The longest of the mouse Brca1 genomic clones maps to chromosome 11D , as determined by two - color fluorescence in situ hybridization .
### Output Text: | The longest of the mouse Brca1 genomic clones maps to chromosome 11D , as determined by two - color fluorescence in situ hybridization . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The synteny to human chromosome 17 was confirmed by cohybridization with the mouse probe for the NF1 - gene .
### Output Text: | The synteny to human chromosome 17 was confirmed by cohybridization with the mouse probe for the NF1 - gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: This comparative study confirms that the relative location of the BRCA1 gene has been conserved between mice and humans .
### Output Text: | This comparative study confirms that the relative location of the BRCA1 gene has been conserved between mice and humans . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Atelosteogenesis type II is caused by mutations in the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate - transporter gene ( DTDST ) : evidence for a phenotypic series involving three chondrodysplasias .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Atelosteogenesis type II</span> is caused by mutations in the <span class="disease">diastrophic dysplasia</span> sulfate - transporter gene ( DTDST ) : evidence for a phenotypic series involving three <span class="disease">chondrodysplasias</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Atelosteogenesis type II ( AO II ) is a neonatally lethal chondrodysplasia whose clinical and histological characteristics resemble those of another chondrodysplasia , the much less severe diastrophic dysplasia ( DTD ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Atelosteogenesis type II</span> ( <span class="disease">AO II</span> ) is a neonatally lethal <span class="disease">chondrodysplasia</span> whose clinical and histological characteristics resemble those of another <span class="disease">chondrodysplasia</span> , the much less severe <span class="disease">diastrophic dysplasia</span> ( <span class="disease">DTD</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The similarity suggests a shared pathogenesis involving lesions in the same biochemical pathway and perhaps the same gene .
### Output Text: | The similarity suggests a shared pathogenesis involving lesions in the same biochemical pathway and perhaps the same gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: DTD is caused by mutations in the recently identified diastrophic dysplasia sulfate - transporter gene ( DTDST ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">DTD</span> is caused by mutations in the recently identified <span class="disease">diastrophic dysplasia</span> sulfate - transporter gene ( DTDST ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Here , we report that AOII patients also have DTDST mutations , which lead to defective uptake of inorganic sulfate and insufficient sulfation of macromolecules by patient mesenchymal cells in vitro .
### Output Text: | Here , we report that <span class="disease">AOII</span> patients also have DTDST mutations , which lead to defective uptake of inorganic sulfate and insufficient sulfation of macromolecules by patient mesenchymal cells in vitro . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Together with our recent observation that a third even more severe chondrodysplasia , achondrogenesis type IB , is also caused by mutations in DTDST , these results demonstrate a phenotypic series of three chondrodysplasias of increasing severity caused by lesions in a single sulfate - transporter gene .
### Output Text: | Together with our recent observation that a third even more severe <span class="disease">chondrodysplasia</span> , achondrogenesis type IB , is also caused by mutations in DTDST , these results demonstrate a phenotypic series of three <span class="disease">chondrodysplasias</span> of increasing severity caused by lesions in a single sulfate - transporter gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The severity of the phenotype appears to be correlated with the predicted effect of the mutations on the residual activity of the DTDST protein . .
### Output Text: | The severity of the phenotype appears to be correlated with the predicted effect of the mutations on the residual activity of the DTDST protein . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Haplotype and phenotype analysis of six recurrent BRCA1 mutations in 61 families : results of an international study .
### Output Text: | Haplotype and phenotype analysis of six recurrent BRCA1 mutations in 61 families : results of an international study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Several BRCA1 mutations have now been found to occur in geographically diverse breast and ovarian cancer families .
### Output Text: | Several BRCA1 mutations have now been found to occur in geographically diverse <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> families . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: To investigate mutation origin and mutation - specific phenotypes due to BRCA1 , we constructed a haplotype of nine polymorphic markers within or immediately flanking the BRCA1 locus in a set of 61 breast / ovarian cancer families selected for having one of six recurrent BRCA1 mutations .
### Output Text: | To investigate mutation origin and mutation - specific phenotypes due to BRCA1 , we constructed a haplotype of nine polymorphic markers within or immediately flanking the BRCA1 locus in a set of 61 <span class="disease">breast / ovarian cancer</span> families selected for having one of six recurrent BRCA1 mutations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Tests of both mutations and family - specific differences in age at diagnosis were not significant .
### Output Text: | Tests of both mutations and family - specific differences in age at diagnosis were not significant . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: A comparison of the six mutations in the relative proportions of cases of breast and ovarian cancer was suggestive of an effect ( P = . 069 ) , with 57 % of women presumed affected because of the 1294 del 40 BRCA1 mutation having ovarian cancer , compared with 14 % of affected women with the splice - site mutation in intron 5 of BRCA1 .
### Output Text: | A comparison of the six mutations in the relative proportions of cases of <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> was suggestive of an effect ( P = . 069 ) , with 57 % of women presumed affected because of the 1294 del 40 BRCA1 mutation having <span class="disease">ovarian cancer</span> , compared with 14 % of affected women with the splice - site mutation in intron 5 of BRCA1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: For the BRCA1 mutations studied here , the individual mutations are estimated to have arisen 9 - 170 generations ago .
### Output Text: | For the BRCA1 mutations studied here , the individual mutations are estimated to have arisen 9 - 170 generations ago . |
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