time
int64 -11,700
2.01k
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stringclasses 376
values | szone
stringclasses 18
values | wregion
stringclasses 9
values | dup
stringclasses 2
values | age
stringclasses 6
values | facttype
stringclasses 2
values | en_notes
stringlengths 19
463
⌀ | it_notes
stringlengths 20
509
⌀ | sdcyclephase
int64 0
4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | MxTeoke | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
0 | MxTeoke | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
0 | MxTeoke | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "possible mass immigration from Cholula may have accelerated the growth of Teotihuacan" | "la possibile immigrazione di massa da Cholula potrebbe aver accelerato la crescita di Teotihuacan" | 1 |
-10 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-20 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-30 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "by this time appeared the long-count calendar stelae in Veracruz. Developed a base-20 counting system with the zero and complex calendars." | "a questo punto apparvero le stele del calendario a lungo conteggio a Veracruz. Sviluppò un sistema di conteggio in base 20 con i calendari zero e complessi." | 4 |
-40 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "eruption of Popocatepetl volcano probably led to the abandonment and decline of Cholula (Puebla) in favor of Teotihuacan." | "l'eruzione del vulcano Popocatepetl portò probabilmente all'abbandono e al declino di Cholula (Puebla) a favore di Teotihuacan." | 4 |
-50 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-60 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-70 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-80 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-90 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "the entire MxFormL quasi-polity was conquered by Cuicuilco Teotihuacan and Cholula cultures. " | "l'intero quasi-sistema politico MxFormL è stato conquistato dalle culture Cuicuilco Teotihuacan e Cholula. " | 1 |
-100 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Teotihuacan (North-east of Mexico city) was established around 100 BC as a religious center but also exported obsidian tools." | "Teotihuacan (a nord-est di Città del Messico) fu fondata intorno al 100 a.C. come centro religioso ma esportò anche strumenti di ossidiana." | 1 |
-110 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-120 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-130 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-140 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-150 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "around 150 BC Cuicuilco became a urban regional center with 20000 people and rival to Teotihuacan that had the same size. [Sanders William T. 1981]" | "intorno al 150 a.C. Cuicuilco divenne un centro urbano regionale con 20.000 abitanti e rivale di Teotihuacan che aveva le stesse dimensioni. [Sanders William T. 1981]" | 3 |
-160 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-170 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-180 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "elite in Cuicuilco had round heads affected by direct or oblique tubular cranial deformation and dental mutilation. This is in continuity with Tlatilco culture." | "L'élite di Cuicuilco aveva teste rotonde colpite da deformazione tubolare cranica diretta o obliqua e mutilazione dentale. Ciò è in continuità con la cultura di Tlatilco". | 2 |
-190 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "possible wars between rival towns. Cuicuilco probably become dominant" | "possibili guerre tra città rivali. Cuicuilco probabilmente diventerà dominante" | 1 |
-200 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-210 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-220 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-230 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-240 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-250 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Cuicuilco Teothiuacan and Cholula all became major regional centers with monumental architecture in this period. this is the peak of the period" | "Cuicuilco Teothiuacan e Cholula divennero tutti importanti centri regionali con un'architettura monumentale in questo periodo. Questo è l'apice del periodo" | 3 |
-260 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-270 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-280 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-290 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-300 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "foundation of Cholula (Puebla) as a trading outpost for textile with a very large pyramid [Snow D R. (2010). Archaeology of Native North America. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. p. 157.]. In Veracruz the sites of Tres Zapotes and Cerro de las Mesas were the largest Epi-Olmec centers. they developed the Isthmian script assumed to be logosyllabic" | "fondazione di Cholula (Puebla) come avamposto commerciale per i tessili con una piramide molto grande [Snow DR. (2010). Archeologia dei nativi del Nord America. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. p. 157.]. A Veracruz i siti di Tres Zapotes e Cerro de las Mesas erano i più grandi centri epi-olmechi e svilupparono la scrittura istmica che si presume fosse logosillabica. | 1 |
-310 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-320 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-330 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-340 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-350 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-360 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-370 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-380 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-390 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-400 | MxEpok* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Emergence of Epi-Olmecs kingdoms. Cuicuilco (Mexico City) at this time is the largest known settlement with 4-tier administration of territory. Political power is theocratic [Barba de Piña Chán Beatriz. 1980. Tlapacoya: Los Principios de la Teocracia en la Cuenca de Mexico.]. " | "Emersione dei regni Epi-Olmec. Cuicuilco (Città del Messico) in questo momento è il più grande insediamento conosciuto con un'amministrazione del territorio a 4 livelli. Il potere politico è teocratico [Barba de Piña Chán Beatriz. 1980. Tlapacoya: Los Principios de la Teocracia en la Cuenca del Messico.]. | 1 |
-410 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "End of Olmec culture and begin of Epi-Olmecs [Pool p. 1.]" | "Fine della cultura Olmeca e inizio degli Epi-Olmechi [Pool p. 1.]" | 0 |
-420 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-430 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-440 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-450 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-460 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-470 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-480 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-490 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-500 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-510 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-520 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-530 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-540 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-550 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "figurines representing ball players musicians dancers suggest that ball courts and plazas existed in Cuicuilco" | "figurine che rappresentano giocatori di palla, musicisti e ballerini suggeriscono che a Cuicuilco esistevano campi e piazze per la palla" | 3 |
-560 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-570 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-580 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-590 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-600 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-610 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "clashes between towns probably led to civil wars or crises." | "Gli scontri tra città probabilmente hanno portato a guerre civili o crisi." | 0 |
-620 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-630 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-640 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-650 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "probably this is the peak of a civilty characterised by increasingly use of stone for symbolic expression of power. First evidence of written possible Olmec language" | "probabilmente questo è l'apice di una civiltà caratterizzata da un uso sempre maggiore della pietra per l'espressione simbolica del potere. Prima prova di una possibile lingua olmeca scritta" | 3 |
-660 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-670 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-680 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-690 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-700 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "By 700 BC Cuicuilco had become the largest and most dynamic city in the Valley of Mexico" | "Nel 700 a.C. Cuicuilco era diventata la città più grande e dinamica della Valle del Messico" | 1 |
-710 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "there where distinctive regional pottery styles so probably many elite groups across the basin of mexico and probably there were tensions between capital towns. " | "lì c'erano stili di ceramica regionali distintivi, quindi probabilmente molti gruppi d'élite in tutto il bacino del Messico e probabilmente c'erano tensioni tra le capitali." | 0 |
-720 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-730 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-740 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-750 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-760 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-770 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-780 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-790 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-800 | MxCuik* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "By 800 BC the hallmarks of the Tlatilco culture fade from the archaeological record. Middle formative period. Emergence of Cuicuilco as the first important civic-religious center of the Mexican Highlands. elite religious and population farmers." | "Entro l'800 a.C. i tratti distintivi della cultura Tlatilco svaniscono dalla documentazione archeologica. Periodo formativo medio. Emersione di Cuicuilco come primo importante centro civico-religioso delle Highlands messicane. Elite religiosa e agricoltori della popolazione." | 1 |
-810 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "possible end of Tlatilco c. 800 BC" | "possibile fine di Tlatilco intorno all'800 a.C." | 0 |
-820 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-830 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-840 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-850 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-860 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-870 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-880 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-890 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-900 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Cascajal block (ca. 900 BC) contains the first known Olmec proto-writing gliphs" | "Il blocco Cascajal (900 a.C. circa) contiene i primi glifi di protoscrittura olmeca conosciuti" | 0 |
-910 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-920 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-930 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "decline of the Olmec capital San Lorenzo in favor of La Venta occurred ca. by 930 BC" | "il declino della capitale olmeca San Lorenzo a favore di La Venta avvenne intorno al 930 a.C." | 4 |
-940 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-950 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-960 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "long distance trade up to 90km in obsidiane or clay is documented. [Grove David C. (1970) the San Pablo Pantheon Mound: a Middle Preclassic Site Found in Morelos Mexico in American Antiquity v35 n1 January 1970 pp. 62–73]" | "è documentato il commercio a lunga distanza fino a 90 km di ossidiana o argilla. [Grove David C. (1970) the San Pablo Pantheon Mound: a Middle Preclassic Site Found in Morelos Mexico in American Antiquity v35 n1 January 1970 pp. 62–73]" | 2 |
-970 | MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
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