time
int64 -11,700
2.01k
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stringclasses 376
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stringclasses 18
values | wregion
stringclasses 9
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stringclasses 6
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-1,980 | MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-1,990 | MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,000 | MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Preclassic period (2000 BC-250 AD). by this time permanent villages were established; use of pottery and loom weaving became common and class divisions began to appear. Many of the basic technologies of Mesoamerica in terms of stone-grinding and drilling were established." | "Periodo preclassico (2000 a.C.-250 d.C.). A questo punto furono stabiliti villaggi permanenti; l'uso della ceramica e della tessitura a telaio divenne comune e iniziarono ad apparire divisioni di classi. Molte delle tecnologie di base della Mesoamerica in termini di macinazione e perforazione della pietra furono stabilito." | 1 |
-2,010 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "possible scarcity of game animals gives an advantage to tribes that keep food with pottery. Possibly these became larger than others" | "la possibile scarsità di selvaggina dà un vantaggio alle tribù che conservano il cibo con la ceramica. Forse queste sono diventate più grandi di altre" | 0 |
-2,020 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,030 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,040 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,050 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,060 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,070 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,080 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,090 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,100 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,110 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-2,120 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,130 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,140 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,150 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,160 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,170 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,180 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,190 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,200 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,210 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "probably the competition for food and hunt areas generate violent conflicts between tribes" | "probabilmente la competizione per il cibo e le zone di caccia genera violenti conflitti tra tribù" | 0 |
-2,220 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,230 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,240 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,250 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,260 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,270 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,280 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,290 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,300 | MxArcct | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Mexico final Archaic period. Ceramic-using farmers appear beside foragers slash&burn farmers. Usage of pottery is probably due to some adaptation to preserve food. probably the elite were hunters and population farmers and population become more and more important for pottery production [RM Rosenswig. Journal of Archaeological Research 2015]. plants became more than 40% of the diet." | "L'ultimo periodo arcaico del Messico. Gli agricoltori che utilizzano la ceramica compaiono accanto ai raccoglitori che tagliano e bruciano gli agricoltori. L'uso della ceramica è probabilmente dovuto a qualche adattamento per conservare il cibo. probabilmente le élite erano cacciatori e agricoltori e la popolazione divenne sempre più importante per la produzione di ceramica [RM Rosenswig . Journal of Archaeological Research 2015]. le piante sono diventate più del 40% della dieta." | 1 |
-2,310 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-2,320 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,330 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,340 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,350 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,360 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,370 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,380 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,390 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,400 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,410 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-2,420 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,430 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,440 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,450 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,460 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,470 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,480 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,490 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,500 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,510 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-2,520 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,530 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,540 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,550 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,560 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,570 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,580 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,590 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,600 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,610 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 0 |
-2,620 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,630 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,640 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 4 |
-2,650 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,660 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 3 |
-2,670 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 2 |
-2,680 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "Evidence of large quantities of food remains contributes to the belief that caves like Coxcatlan were used for collecting and storing plants during periods of harvest. plants (Maize; avocado; squash) only made up 2% of the diet in this period [Nichols Deborah L. and Christopher A. Pool. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology.]" | "La prova di grandi quantità di resti di cibo contribuisce alla convinzione che grotte come Coxcatlan fossero utilizzate per raccogliere e immagazzinare piante durante i periodi di raccolto. Le piante (mais, avocado, zucca) costituivano solo il 2% della dieta in questo periodo [Nichols Deborah L. e Christopher A. Pool 2012. Il manuale di Oxford di archeologia mesoamericana.]" | 2 |
-2,690 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | null | null | 1 |
-2,700 | MxCoxnt | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | "final Coxcatlan phase of archaic Mesoamerica: ca. 2700 BC Maize is fully domesticated after 5000 years of trials and errors. Hunter gatherers groups of 25-30 perople gathered at Coxcatlan cave (Puebla) as a shelter during the rainy season. Semi-nomad camps occupied cave sites when food resources were especially plentiful. [Adams Richard E. W. and Murdo J. MacLeod. MesoAmerica Part 1. 2000. ]" | "Fase finale di Coxcatlan della Mesoamerica arcaica: circa 2700 a.C. Il mais è completamente addomesticato dopo 5000 anni di prove ed errori. Gruppi di cacciatori-raccoglitori di 25-30 persone si riunivano nella grotta di Coxcatlan (Puebla) come rifugio durante la stagione delle piogge. Semi-nomade i campi occupavano siti di caverne quando le risorse alimentari erano particolarmente abbondanti [Adams Richard E. W. e Murdo J. MacLeod Parte 1. 2000.]" | 1 |
2,010 | UsUsar* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | d | postmodern | recorded | "economic and unemployment control under president Obama (2009-2017) to recover after the 2008 financial crisis. Civil rights and reforms. victory in the American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)" | "controllo economico e della disoccupazione sotto il presidente Obama (2009-2017) per riprendersi dopo la crisi finanziaria del 2008. Diritti civili e riforme. vittoria nell'intervento guidato dagli americani in Iraq (2014-2021)" | 3 |
2,000 | UsUsar* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | d | postmodern | recorded | "terrorism attack at the twin towers in 2001 under president GW Bush (2001 - 2009). invasion of Iraq in 2003 and capture of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. US UK and supporters win. No global movement and start of international islamic terrorism. Economic recession after the burst of the dot.com bubble and 2008 financial crisis increased national debt." | "attacco terroristico alle Torri Gemelle nel 2001 sotto la presidenza di GW Bush (2001 - 2009). Invasione dell'Iraq nel 2003 e cattura del dittatore iracheno Saddam Hussein. Vincono gli Stati Uniti, il Regno Unito e i suoi sostenitori. Nessun movimento globale e inizio del terrorismo islamico internazionale. Recessione economica dopo lo scoppio della bolla delle dot.com e la crisi finanziaria del 2008, il debito nazionale è aumentato." | 3 |
1,990 | UsUsar* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | d | postmodern | recorded | "Iraq invasion of Kuwait for its big oil reserves. Gulf War against Iraq under president G Bush (1989-1993). Victory of US UK and france. Econmic boom from the Digital Revolution and new business opportunities created by the internet privatized in 1993 creating the dot.com bubble. Aggressive foreign policy in Africa and Middle East Under president Clinton (1993-2001)." | "Invasione irachena del Kuwait per le sue grandi riserve petrolifere. Guerra del Golfo contro l'Iraq sotto il presidente G. Bush (1989-1993). Vittoria degli Stati Uniti, Regno Unito e Francia. Boom economico grazie alla rivoluzione digitale e nuove opportunità di business create da Internet privatizzato nel 1993, creando la bolla delle dot.com. Politica estera aggressiva in Africa e Medio Oriente sotto la presidenza Clinton (1993-2001)." | 2 |
1,980 | UsUsar* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | d | postmodern | recorded | "President Regan (1981-1989) begun in a stagflation period: he promoted neoliberal reforms and held a tight money policy of high interest rates to recover economy. The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union was officially dissolved in 1989. intelligence operations in latin america and war against drugs" | "Il presidente Regan (1981-1989) iniziò in un periodo di stagflazione: promosse riforme neoliberiste e attuò una politica monetaria rigorosa con alti tassi di interesse per riprendere l'economia. La Guerra Fredda finì quando l'Unione Sovietica fu ufficialmente sciolta nel 1989. operazioni di intelligence in latino America e guerra alla droga" | 2 |
1,970 | UsUsar* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | d | postmodern | recorded | "president Nixon (1969 -1974). Vietnam war against communism: North Vietnam supported by the Soviet Union and China and anti-communist South supported by the United States. US defeat and Hippie pacifist movement. President Ford contrasted inflation due to Oil Crisis without much success." | "presidente Nixon (1969 -1974). Guerra del Vietnam contro il comunismo: Vietnam del Nord sostenuto dall'Unione Sovietica e Cina e Sud anticomunista sostenuto dagli Stati Uniti. Sconfitta degli Stati Uniti e movimento pacifista Hippie. Il presidente Ford contrastò l'inflazione dovuta alla crisi petrolifera senza molto successo." | 1 |
1,960 | UsUsar* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | d | postmodern | recorded | "President JF Kennedy (1961 - 1963) started the space race (improvement of space technology against USSR). Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba failed. Intelligence war against Communism in latin america and Cuban Missile Crisis solved with the dismantle by USSR ith the diplomacy of the United Nations. First man on the moon in 1969." | "Il presidente JF Kennedy (1961 - 1963) iniziò la corsa allo spazio (miglioramento della tecnologia spaziale contro l'URSS). L'invasione della Baia dei Porci a Cuba fallì. La guerra di intelligence contro il comunismo in America Latina e la crisi missilistica cubana furono risolte con lo smantellamento da parte dell'URSS con la diplomazia delle Nazioni Unite. Il primo uomo sulla Luna nel 1969." | 1 |
1,950 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | "Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954 against the conservative party improves population rights over the elite. tourism become the new source of wealth" | "La rivoluzione democratica delle Hawaii del 1954 contro il partito conservatore migliora i diritti della popolazione rispetto alle élite. Il turismo diventa la nuova fonte di ricchezza" | 0 |
1,940 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | "imposed martial law with total control on life and media censorship" | "imposto la legge marziale con controllo totale sulla vita e censura sui media" | 4 |
1,930 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | null | null | 3 |
1,920 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | "low cost workers immigration. Spanish flu after WW1" | "Immigrazione di lavoratori a basso costo. L'influenza spagnola nel primo dopoguerra" | 3 |
1,910 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | null | null | 2 |
1,900 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | null | null | 2 |
1,890 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | "the white US elite owned sugarcane and pineapple plantations. population farmers underpaid. annexation to the US in 1898." | "L'élite bianca americana possedeva piantagioni di canna da zucchero e di ananas. Gli agricoltori erano sottopagati. L'annessione agli Stati Uniti nel 1898." | 1 |
1,880 | UsHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | modern | recorded | "the new white élite deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani with US marines. " | "la nuova élite bianca depose la regina Liliʻuokalani con i marines americani." | 1 |
1,870 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | "disorders after contested queen consort. US and UK send troops to control disorders" | "Disordini dopo la contestazione della regina consorte. Stati Uniti e Regno Unito inviano truppe per controllare i disordini" | 0 |
1,860 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | null | null | 4 |
1,850 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | null | null | 4 |
1,840 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | "suppression of most traditional practices especially homosexual sex that was traditionally accepted. Klarman Michael (18 October 2012). From the Closet to the Altar: Courts Backlash and the Struggle for Same-Sex Marriage. Oxford University Press. pp. 56" | "soppressione della maggior parte delle pratiche tradizionali, in particolare del sesso omosessuale, che era tradizionalmente accettato. Klarman Michael (18 ottobre 2012). From the Closet to the Altar: Courts Backlash and the Struggle for Same-Sex Marriage. Oxford University Press. pp. 56" | 4 |
1,830 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | "introduction of christianism and western literature" | "introduzione del cristianesimo e della letteratura occidentale" | 4 |
1,820 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | "diseases brought from UK and US" | "malattie portate dal Regno Unito e dagli Stati Uniti" | 3 |
1,810 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | null | null | 2 |
1,800 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | null | null | 2 |
1,790 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | "kamehameha chiefdom is the elite. no social mobility" | "Il dominio di Kamehameha è l'élite. Nessuna mobilità sociale" | 1 |
1,780 | HaKmhk* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | earlymodern | recorded | "in 1789 British captain Metcalfe arrives at Big island for fur trading but starts a fight and he shoots with cannons. Olowalu Massacre. then goes away. Kamehameha kidnapped some man of Meatcalfe crew and stole the ship with firearms. He invaded Maui and conquered the territory with military force. Meatcalfe s kidnapped men were made chiefs and married to local women" | "nel 1789 il capitano britannico Metcalfe arriva a Big Island per il commercio di pellicce ma inizia uno scontro e spara con i cannoni. Massacro di Olowalu. poi se ne va. Kamehameha rapì alcuni uomini dell'equipaggio di Meatcalfe e rubò la nave con armi da fuoco. Invase Maui e conquistò il territorio con la forza militare, gli uomini rapiti da Meatcalfe furono nominati capi e sposati con donne locali. | 0 |
1,770 | HaHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | medieval | supposed | "clashes between chiefs determine crisis. then James Cook discover Big Island bringing more turmoils and infective diseases" | "gli scontri tra capi determinano la crisi. poi James Cook scopre Big Island portando altri disordini e malattie infettive" | 4 |
1,760 | HaHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | medieval | supposed | "Kalani ōpu u regain control on the whole island" | "Kalani ōpu riprendi il controllo dell'intera isola" | 4 |
1,750 | HaHwik* | BigIslandHawaii | Oceania-Australia | o | medieval | supposed | "a warrior chief takes control of part of the island" | "un capo guerriero prende il controllo di una parte dell'isola" | 4 |
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