Datasets:

---

tomekkorbak

/

pii-pile-chunk3-1650000-1700000

like 0

[ "// ProgressDialog.cpp\n\n\n\n#include \"../../../Common/IntToString.h\"\n\n#include \"resource.h\"\n\n#include \"ProgressDialog.h\"\n\nusing namespace NWindows;\n\nextern HINSTANCE g_hInstance;\n\nstatic const UINT_PTR kTimerID = 3;\nstatic const UINT kTimerElapse = 100;\n\n#ifdef LANG\n#include \"LangUtils.h\"\n#endif\n\nHRESULT CProgressSync::ProcessStopAndPause()\n{\n for (;;)\n {\n if (GetStopped())\n return E_ABORT;\n if (!", "GetPaused())\n break;\n ::Sleep(100);\n }\n return S_OK;\n}\n\n#ifndef _SFX\nCProgressDialog::~CProgressDialog()\n{\n AddToTitle(L\"\");\n}\nvoid CProgressDialog::AddToTitle(LPCWSTR s)\n{\n if (MainWindow !", "= 0)\n MySetWindowText(MainWindow, UString(s) + MainTitle);\n}\n#endif\n\n\nbool CProgressDialog::OnInit()\n{\n _range = (UInt64)(Int64)-1;\n _prevPercentValue = -1;\n\n _wasCreated = true;\n _dialogCreatedEvent.", "Set();\n\n #ifdef LANG\n LangSetDlgItems(*this, NULL, 0);\n #endif\n\n m_ProgressBar.", "Attach(GetItem(IDC_PROGRESS1));\n\n if (IconID >= 0)\n {\n HICON icon = LoadIcon(g_hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IconID));\n SetIcon(ICON_BIG, icon);\n }\n\n _timer = SetTimer(kTimerID, kTimerElapse);\n SetText(_title);\n CheckNeedClose();\n return CModalDialog::OnInit();\n}\n\nvoid CProgressDialog::OnCancel() { Sync.", "SetStopped(true); }\nvoid CProgressDialog::OnOK() { }\n\nvoid CProgressDialog::SetRange(UInt64 range)\n{\n _range = range;\n _peviousPos = (UInt64)(Int64)-1;\n _converter.", "Init(range);\n m_ProgressBar.", "SetRange32(0 , _converter.", "Count(range)); // Test it for 100%\n}\n\nvoid CProgressDialog::SetPos(UInt64 pos)\n{\n bool redraw = true;\n if (pos < _range && pos > _peviousPos)\n {\n UInt64 posDelta = pos - _peviousPos;\n if (posDelta < (_range >> 10))\n redraw = false;\n }\n if (redraw)\n {\n m_ProgressBar.", "SetPos(_converter.", "Count(pos)); // Test it for 100%\n _peviousPos = pos;\n }\n}\n\nbool CProgressDialog::OnTimer(WPARAM /* timerID */, LPARAM /* callback */)\n{\n if (Sync.", "GetPaused())\n return true;\n\n CheckNeedClose();\n\n UInt64 total, completed;\n Sync.", "GetProgress(total, completed);\n if (total !", "= _range)\n SetRange(total);\n SetPos(completed);\n\n if (total == 0)\n total = 1;\n\n int percentValue = (int)(completed * 100 / total);\n if (percentValue !", "= _prevPercentValue)\n {\n wchar_t s[64];\n ConvertUInt64ToString(percentValue, s);\n UString title = s;\n title += L\"% \";\n SetText(title + _title);\n #ifndef _SFX\n AddToTitle(title + MainAddTitle);\n #endif\n _prevPercentValue = percentValue;\n }\n return true;\n}\n\nbool CProgressDialog::OnMessage(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)\n{\n switch (message)\n {\n case kCloseMessage:\n {\n KillTimer(_timer);\n _timer = 0;\n if (_inCancelMessageBox)\n {\n _externalCloseMessageWasReceived = true;\n break;\n }\n return OnExternalCloseMessage();\n }\n /*\n case WM_SETTEXT:\n {\n if (_timer == 0)\n return true;\n }\n */\n }\n return CModalDialog::OnMessage(message, wParam, lParam);\n}\n\nbool CProgressDialog::OnButtonClicked(int buttonID, HWND buttonHWND)\n{\n switch (buttonID)\n {\n case IDCANCEL:\n {\n bool paused = Sync.", "GetPaused();\n Sync.", "SetPaused(true);\n _inCancelMessageBox = true;\n int res = ::MessageBoxW(*this, L\"Are you sure you want to cancel?\", _", "title, MB_YESNOCANCEL);\n _inCancelMessageBox = false;\n Sync.", "SetPaused(paused);\n if (res == IDCANCEL || res == IDNO)\n {\n if (_externalCloseMessageWasReceived)\n OnExternalCloseMessage();\n return true;\n }\n break;\n }\n }\n return CModalDialog::OnButtonClicked(buttonID, buttonHWND);\n}\n\nvoid CProgressDialog::CheckNeedClose()\n{\n if (_needClose)\n {\n PostMsg(kCloseMessage);\n _needClose = false;\n }\n}\n\nbool CProgressDialog::OnExternalCloseMessage()\n{\n End(0);\n return true;\n}\n" ]

[ 0.00975609756097561, 0.009900990099009901, 0.014492753623188406, 0.03614457831325301, 0.012698412698412698, 0.011976047904191617, 0, 0, 0.0034965034965034965, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0.011627906976744186, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0.013071895424836602, 0.08333333333333333, 0, 0.02857142857142857, 0.004291845493562232 ]

[ "Outer suburbs' transport woes driving heart disease, obesity epidemic\n\nDecades of under-investment in transport links on Melbourne's fringe have had serious health impacts – and more than $150 billion is needed to address the problem.", "\n\nOne in four residents on Melbourne’s booming fringe now spends more than two hours a day in their car, new Melbourne University research has found, with residents of the city’s growth suburbs more likely than people in the rest of the city to have heart disease or obesity issues.", "\n\nMelton GP Marcus Watson in Melton this week.", "Credit:Jason South\n\nMelton GP Marcus Watson, who often spends more than an hour stuck in crawling traffic on his way to the CBD, has lived experience of this growing imbalance between inner and outer Melbourne – both as a doctor and as an occasional commuter.", "\n\nDr Watson has in recent times reduced the time he spends travelling to central Melbourne, but said the unpredictability of the commute still made it a nightmare.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nLoading\n\n“It’s so unpredictable,\" he said.", "\n\n\"It might take half an hour, it might take an hour and 15 minutes.”", "\n\nDr Watson said he regularly treated patients with preventable illnesses, such as diabetes, and has recommended they exercise regularly. ", "But their time outside of work, he said, was generally spent on commuting long distances – or sitting idly in traffic.", "\n\n“This is the very time they should be going for walks, spending time with their families,” he said.", "\n\n“That’s two hours a day in a car that would [allow them to do] all of that. ", "The very people who don’t need any more stress in their lives, have the problems of a lack of infrastructure compounding their stress.”", "\n\nThe Melbourne University research, published on Thursday, reveals an additional $160 billion would need to be spent on transport infrastructure and other services by 2031 – more than the Andrews government’s current building boom – to overcome the congestion costs borne by outer Melbourne’s residents.", "\n\nThe work found “a correlation between heart disease and car use for the journey to work”, higher reporting of obesity, and “lower rates of heart disease in local government areas whose residents made more use of public transport”.", "\n\nAnd it finds that Melbourne has had too high a population growth rate over the past 25 years relative to the level of investment committed by state and federal governments to support this growth.", "\n\nThe study finds the pain of this under-investment has largely been borne by residents in the city's six fastest growing outer Melbourne council areas – Cardinia, Casey, Hume, Melton, Whittlesea and Wyndham – where incomes went backwards relative to the rest of the state between 1992 and 2017.", "\n\nSeveral key health and well-being markers in these areas were notably worse than for inner and middle Melbourne, the research found.", "\n\nThe report finds that Plan Melbourne, the key strategic blueprint for the city that aimed to curb sprawl, is not working.", "\n\nInstead, the city is sprawling faster than ever, with outer Melbourne taking almost 60 per cent of the city's growth in the five years to 2016, while inner and middle Melbourne took just 20 per cent each.", "\n\nThe Melbourne University report was co-authored by John Stanley, one of the architects of Plan Melbourne for both Labor and Coalition state governments. ", "Also behind the work, completed with funding from the Municipal Association of Victoria, was Melbourne University's Janet Stanley and economist Peter Brain from the National Institute of Economic and Industry Research.", "\n\nThe study divided Melbourne’s councils into three categories – inner, middle and outer – and looked at economic and social well-being data across a range of factors.", "\n\nIt found resoundingly that the outer urban fringe, where population growth has been the strongest between 1992 and 2017, was also the most disadvantaged.", "\n\n“This can be partly attributed to poor access to well-paid jobs, due to distance, inadequate roads and poorer access to public transport,” the report found.", "\n\nPlanning Minister Richard Wynne acknowledged there was more work to do to bring about the aims outlined in Plan Melbourne, and said the government would continue to encourage housing growth in established suburbs, \"close to jobs and transport, where there is plenty of land supply, as well as in urban renewal areas\".", "\n\nClay Lucas is a senior reporter for The Age. ", "Clay has worked at The Age since 2005, covering urban affairs, transport, state politics, local government and workplace relations for The Age and Sunday Age." ]

[ 0, 0.0035460992907801418, 0.043478260869565216, 0.011583011583011582, 0.006134969325153374, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0, 0, 0.003389830508474576, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.025806451612903226, 0.022935779816513763, 0.005988023952095809, 0, 0, 0.003134796238244514, 0, 0 ]

[ "[Observation of clinical results of orbital decompression in 30 cases of malignant exophthalmos].", "\nTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of orbital decompression for the treatment of malignant exophthalmos. ", "Thirty four eyes of malignant exophthalmos were followed-up for 3 months to 9 years (averaged 6 years) after orbital decompression (two walls decompression in 22 eyes, three walls decompression in 12 eyes). ", "The postoperative vision, protrusion value and appearance of the patients were examined and analyzed. ", "Complete closure of palpebral fissure was attained in all cases and the visual acuity was increased in 25 eyes, remained the same in 5 eyes and decreased in 4 eyes. ", "The mean recession of exophthalmos after operation was 3.8 mm in two walls decompression and 7.1 mm in three walls decompression, respectively. ", "Orbital decompression is an effective method for the treatment of malignant exophthalmos." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006944444444444444, 0 ]

[ "Harvard Fatigue Laboratory\n\n\n\nHavard Fatigue Laboratory (1927-1947) was a research centre designed to investigate the physiological, sociological and psychological impacts of fatigue caused by daily activities, and those on the conditions that industry workers faced at the time. ", "Founded in 1927, the laboratory was constructed in the basement of Morgan Hall at Harvard University and described as a unique research facility that focused on a holistic approach to physiology, rather than systems- or organ-oriented. ", "The laboratory was shut down in 1947 after the Second World War, as university policies halted the research facility from seeking government funds and the President of Harvard no longer saw its worth. ", "\nThe Fatigue Laboratory was seen as an instigator of exercise physiology as an academic discipline in part due to the legacy of the researchers that were once employed at the facility - forming and leading other exercise laboratories around the country after its closure. ", "Its academic output also contributed to this legacy, with researchers publishing over 300 peer-reviewed research studies during its 20 years of operation.", "\n\nGovernment funded projects during the Second World War realigned the laboratory's scientific endeavours from industry related research to research that involved the physiological environment soldiers faced at war. ", "Clothing was tested to understand the heat distribution in the body to mitigate the impacts of 'trench-foot' and frostbite. ", "Rations were also tested and recommendations of sufficient dietary requirements were sent to the army.", "\n\nOrigins \nUpon the inception of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory, physiology at Harvard University was organised into four departments: applied physiology, comparative physiology, physical chemistry and physiology. ", "In the USA, exercise physiology wasn't understood as an academic discipline until around the end of the Second World War. ", "The laboratory therefore didn't belong to any department - investigating a broad range of physiological experiences that humans encounter in “everyday life”. ", "Additionally, the prominent figures who contributed to its founding had academic backgrounds that were somewhat independent of what we now know as contemporary exercise physiology: Wallace Brett Donham (1877-1954), dean of Harvard's Business School; George Elton Mayo (1880-1949), psychologist and social theorist; and Lawrence J. Henderson (1878-1942), professor of biological chemistry at Harvard College.", "\n\nBefore its opening, L.J. Henderson was doing some research on the physiology of daily work, which Mayo was interested in academically. ", "Mayo was discouraged by his current academic path, and wrote to Donham that there wasn't a “competent investigation of the physiological changes induced in the human organism by the conditions of . . . ", "daily work” at his current organisation. ", "Donham's interest in the human side of business operations led him to encourage Mayo to initiate the laboratory for study of the sociological and psychological impacts in the work place. ", "Henderson and Mayo were pushed together by similar ideals on the nature of exercise physiology itself, as their approach was holistic rather than systems- or organ-oriented. ", "Henderson had just moved from the Medical School to the Business School in 1926, and was in the process of reorganising his academic work from blood chemistry to human physiology. ", "Henderson also involved a colleague from the Medical School, Arlie Bock, the clinical investigator at the Massachusetts General Hospital, and David Bruce Dill, who was a research fellow working with Bock at the time. ", "Each individual added to the interdisciplinary culture of the laboratory, examining the broad nature of 'fatigue'. ", " The interdisciplinary backgrounds of all the founding members meant that the laboratory focused on more than just ‘fatigue’ as a physiological phenomena - they also studied the psychological and sociological effects by which workers are subject to in the industry.", "\n\nResearch \nIn the beginnings of the twentieth century, industrial workload and fatigue drew the attention of Western science to maximise the productivity of workers for economic prosperity.", " It is due to this research that centred heavily around the cultural and political contexts of the period that the facility is used as evidence to suggest the impact sociocultural environments has on dictating scientific progression.", "\n\nThe laboratory was named a ‘Fatigue laboratory’ in order to appeal to business leaders, engineers and the general public, whilst not constraining it to any departmental or narrow research activities due to the broad nature of the term 'fatigue'. ", "In its 20 years of operation, 16 publications pertaining to fatigue were produced, whereas most others included hematology, comparative physiology, altitude physiology and temperature physiology.", "\n\nOf the 300 peer-reviewed research studies originating from the laboratory, topics ranged from the general; work capacity and fatigue, to the more specific; cardiovascular and haemodynamic responses to exercise. ", "This was a direct result of Henderson and Mayo's holistic approach to physiology as opposed to a systems- or organ-oriented approach, which was novel in their time.", "\n\nThe Fatigue Laboratory was celebrated for its culture surrounding self-experimentation - the researchers would includes themselves as subjects and partake in the experiments. ", "A prime example of this is Dill and his colleague, John Talbott, went to the Hoover Dam not long after its construction to investigate the working conditions of the employees. ", "Workers at the dam were subject to extreme heat that led to exhaustion and death. ", "Dill and Talbott went to the Hoover Dam with healthy work crew volunteers and ran physiological and biochemical studies on themselves and the subjects to investigate. ", "As a result, Dill and Talbott concluded that cooler conditions to sleep and a salt-heavy diet would mitigate impacts of heat and exhaustion.", "\n\nSome of the laboratory's work centred around the development of biochemical methods to study the blood of exercising individuals. ", "They carried out experiments on Olympian marathon runner Clarence De Mar from 1927-1932 and discovered that an individual could achieve a physiological steady state, whereby the blood was at chemical equilibrium even during strenuous exercise. ", "This was taken as physiological evidence that fatigue was more psychological than physiological. ", "It was later theorised by a scientist outside the laboratory, Walter Bradford Cannon, that the tendency of the human body was to move towards a steady-state - homeostasis - and fatigue research grew in its complexity.", "\n\nThe laboratory's contribution to scientific literature extended further than just publications that originated from its field work. ", "Funding bodies of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory, like the Committee for Industrial Physiology, provided financial support for a diverse research of human biology. ", "The most notable of which is the study of the “Hawthorne effect” by George Elton Mayo, where subjects alter their behaviour as a response to being observed - a study that is noted as having the potential to have never been achieved if not for the funding and support of the CIP and the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory.", "\n\nThe Fatigue Laboratory's commitment to standards and norms set by institutions of similar prestige was important in its relevance to scientific literature at the time. ", "The lab placed an emphasis on proper calibration of instruments, protocol and standardisation of systemic management duties to set a foundation to all scientific work. ", "This validated the lab's work to prestigious institutions and helped set its scientific relevance to contemporary exercise physiology.", "\n\nSecond World War \nDuring the Second World War, the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory was used as one of the research facilities to examine conditions face by soldiers. ", "Diets of soldiers were copied and analysed under similar environmental conditions, and new emergency rations to be sent to soldiers were tested for efficacy. ", "The laboratory also contained extreme temperature rooms to investigate the physiological effects of different climates on soldier performance. ", "A primary purpose of this was to understand the energy metabolism and heat flow from human subjects due to clothing - to optimise weight carried and energy output.", "\n\nThe laboratory was also commissioned to examine the heat distribution of pilots flying at high altitudes. ", "Electrically heated suits that were developed by Harwood Belding were tested by the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory to discover the optimal distribution of heat over the soldiers body to ensure maximal soldier performance. ", "These findings were then sent to General Electric for the production and manufacturing of the suits which the soldiers used. ", "Another use of the laboratory was to study the physiological impacts of suddenly breathing air with low levels of oxygen to replicate the physiological environment that pilots in the air force were subjected to.", "\n\nStudy of the onset and progression of frostbite in tissues and ‘trench-foot’ were conducted to determine the adequate clothing required for servicemen and women. ", "The laboratory mainly focused on the impact ambient temperatures can have in the slow death of foot tissue. ", "One study showed that the standard leather military boot was not sufficient for cold weather service as they were not impermeable to wet grounds and also did not permit an extra layer of socks for heat control. ", "The laboratory tested a new shoe, the L.L Bean shoepac, a sturdier boot with rubber soles and sides and room for more socks. ", "They concluded it had greater last and better heat retention, so recommended it to the army for use in service.", "\n\nThe Fatigue Laboratory and its staff were not limited to studies involving human subjects. ", "An investigation into the use of bats as vectors of incendiary devices was studied by a researcher at the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory; as intel discovered that Japanese civilians would use straw in the roofs of their houses.", "\n\nContributions to Exercise Physiology \nThe Harvard Fatigue Laboratory is one of the many institutions responsible for the organisation of exercise physiology as a legitimate academic discipline. ", "20% of the Academic material produced by the laboratory was specifically related to exercise physiology, and another 41% was associated with exercise in some way.", "\n\nThe formation of an academic discipline is outlined by Tipton (1998), and includes the argument that formal courses and PhD research must be undertaken in the field in order for the discipline to separate itself from others. ", "Due to the structure of the Harvard fatigue laboratory, PhD students weren't able to complete research there, so this was described as an impediment to the progression of exercise physiology as a discipline. ", "As no formal courses in exercise physiology were offered to undergraduates from the laboratory, the formation of the academic discipline was left to other institutions. ", "However, the legacy of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory as a facility that published an enormous amount of literature surrounding the topics of exercise and exercise physiology is one of the compounding factors that started the discipline. ", "When the laboratory was closed in 1947, the researchers who gained experience under Henderson and Dill were employed in other institutions more equipped to propel exercise physiology as a discipline. ", "The laboratory is noted as stimulating the birth of exercise physiology as a result of the staff forming and leading exercise laboratory's all over the nation.", "\n\nClosure \nIn 1947, by the decree of the President of Harvard University, James B. Conant closed the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory. ", "Conant wrote to the Dean of the Business school stating that either he finance the Fatigue Laboratory himself, or close it - sources at the time believed that Conant did not think it could have any functional use after the War, so didn't support it. ", "Their model to understand ‘Fatigue’ as an industrial solution to productivity was not thoroughly understood, and it looked as though fatigue was more complex than originally thought. ", "On top of this, the mechanisation of industrial work alleviated the stress and fatigue workers faced during the period. ", "Conant saw this as a reason to disband the scientific progression of the laboratory.", "\n\nA multitude of compounding factors also played into the closing of the laboratory. ", "The death of L.J. Henderson in 1942 saw Dill take the role of the director, the post-war Harvard University policy that the facility should not seek government funds, the dispersion of staff to other laboratories and sites because of WWII, the belief of Conant that the laboratory should reduce its sociological activities and the lack of harmony between the Medical School dean and the dean that replaced Donham.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal Links \n\n Harvard Fatigue Laboratory Records, 1916-1952 (inclusive), 1941-1947 (bulk). ", "Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Mass.\n\nCategory:Laboratories" ]

[ 0.007142857142857143, 0.00847457627118644, 0.004975124378109453, 0.003676470588235294, 0, 0.004629629629629629, 0, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0.014742014742014743, 0.0072992700729927005, 0.0049504950495049506, 0, 0.0106951871657754, 0.005747126436781609, 0.011111111111111112, 0.018433179723502304, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006097560975609756, 0.005649717514124294, 0.005681818181818182, 0, 0.005988023952095809, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0.004098360655737705, 0, 0.004608294930875576, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0.009584664536741214, 0.0058823529411764705, 0, 0, 0.006134969325153374, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0.004484304932735426, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0.004807692307692308, 0, 0.004201680672268907, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0.012, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007263922518159807, 0.009174311926605505, 0.0196078431372549 ]

[ "Åmdalsøyra\n\nÅmdalsøyra or Omdalsøyra is a village in Arendal municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway, along the Tromøysundet strait on the northern shore of the island of Tromøy. ", "The village of Kongshavn lies just to the southwest of Åmdalsøyra, and the village of Eydehavn lies just across the strait on the mainland.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Villages in Aust-Agder\nCategory:Arendal" ]

[ 0.011049723756906077, 0.014388489208633094, 0 ]

[ "Pages\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day, part 3\n\nSaint Patrick's Day is one of the most important of the year, this special date is celebrated with many festivals, meetings and parties, and there are some interesting traditions:\n\nThe shamrock (the representation of the holy trinity), the lucky Leprechauns (small elves that are guardians of the Fairies's treasures, they hide a full pot of gold at the end of the rainbow), wearing of green (this is a tradition that represents that a person has Irish ancestors) and some others.", "\n\nBelow you will find a selection of cards, all of them are perfect for wishing a Happy Saint Patrick's Day.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with a full pot of gold and some shamrocks.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with a some shamrocks.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with many shamrocks.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with an elegant lucky Leprechauns.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with an illuminated shamrock.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with a green beer, and people dancing.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with a big shamrock.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with Erin Go Bragh, shamrocks and a glass of beer.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with a glass of green beer.", "\n\nHappy Saint Patrick's Day with shamrocks, a full pot of gold and a green hat." ]

[ 0.0019157088122605363, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0 ]

[ "Psychological inflexibility mediates the effects of self-efficacy and anxiety sensitivity on worry.", "\nRecent research has found low levels of general self-efficacy (GSE: beliefs about the ability to appropriately handle a wide range of stressors) and high levels of anxiety sensitivity (AS: fear of the negative consequences of experiencing anxiety) to be relevant predictors of pathological worry. ", "This study examined the role of psychological inflexibility (PI: the dominance of private experiences over chosen values and contingencies in guiding action), the central component of the acceptance and commitment therapy model of psychopathology, in the effect of GSE and AS on worry. ", "A total of 132 nonclinical participants completed questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. ", "Partial correlations and regression analyses showed that both GSE and AS were independent predictors of pathological worry after controlling for each other. ", "However, mediation analyses revealed that psychological inflexibility completely mediated the independent effects of both GSE and AS on pathological worry. ", "Theoretical and treatment implications of the results are discussed." ]

[ 0, 0, 0.0034965034965034965, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nToggling a single 'td' element from a column\n\nI want to toggle single elements from the fourth column of a four column table. ", "For example, if the element in the fifth row third column is clicked, then only the element in the fifth row fourth column should toggle.", "\nMy current code only toggles the fourth row fourth column element, regardless of which third column element is clicked.", "\n$('td:nth-child(4),th:nth-child(4)').hide();\n\n$('td:nth-child(3)').click(function() {\n $('td:nth-child(4),th:nth-child(4)').eq(4).toggle();\n});\n\nThe fourth column 'th' element is also not toggling.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou have to somehow reference the clicked td. ", "This is one way:\n$('table').on('click', 'td:nth-child(3)', function () {\n\n $(this).next().toggle();\n // | |\n // | ^-- this selects the next sibling\n // |\n // ^-- `this` is a reference to the clicked td\n});\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004545454545454545 ]

[ "#include \"rastgfx.ih\"\r\n\r\nErrcode find_clip(void *rast,\r\n\t\t\t register Rectangle *rect, \r\n\t\t\t Pixel tcolor)\r\n\r\n/* place minimum boundaries of rast containing all that is not tcolor \r\n * into rectangle if nothing is in the rectangle the output width will\r\n * be zero. */", "\r\n{\r\nregister Raster *r = rast; \r\nregister LONG count;\r\nSHORT bufsize;\r\nUBYTE *pixbuf;\r\nPixel sbuf[SBUF_SIZE/sizeof(Pixel)];\r\n\r\n\trect->width = rect->height = 0;\r\n\r\n\t/* get one line pixel buffer */\r\n\r\n\tpixbuf = sbuf;\r\n\tbufsize = Max(r->height,r->width);\r\n\tif(bufsize > Array_els(sbuf))\r\n\t{\r\n\t\tif ((pixbuf = pj_malloc(bufsize*sizeof(Pixel))) == NULL)\r\n\t\t\treturn(Err_no_memory);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/* figure out the first line in screen with anything in it*/\r\n\r\n\tcount = 0;\r\n\tfor(;;)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\tif(count >= r->height)\r\n\t\t\tgoto done; /* if no pix we went to height all pix the same */ \r\n\r\n\t\tGET_HSEG(r,pixbuf,0,count,r->width); \r\n\r\n\t\tif(pixsame(pixbuf, r->width, tcolor) !", "= r->width)\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t\t++count;\r\n\t}\r\n\trect->y = count;\r\n\r\n\t/* figure out the last line in screen with anything in it*/\r\n\r\n\tcount = r->height;\r\n\twhile(--count > rect->y)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\tGET_HSEG(r,pixbuf,0,count,r->width);\r\n\t\tif(pixsame(pixbuf, r->width, tcolor) !", "= r->width)\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t}\r\n\trect->height = (count - rect->y) + 1; /* got height */\r\n\r\n\t/* figure out the first column in screen with anything in it*/\r\n\t/* get vertical segment for x (count is x) in y bounds of rect */\r\n\r\n\tfor(count = 0;count < r->width;++count)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\tGET_VSEG(r,pixbuf,count,rect->y,rect->height);\r\n\t\tif(pixsame(pixbuf, rect->height, tcolor) !", "= rect->height)\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t}\r\n\trect->x = count;\r\n\r\n\t/* figure out the last row in screen with anything in it*/\r\n\r\n\tcount = r->width;\r\n\twhile(--count > rect->x)\r\n\t{\r\n\t GET_VSEG(r,pixbuf,count,rect->y,rect->height);\r\n\t\tif(pixsame(pixbuf, rect->height, tcolor) !", "= rect->height)\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t}\r\n\trect->width = (count - rect->x) + 1; /* got width */\r\n\r\ndone:\r\n\tif(pixbuf !", "= sbuf)\r\n\t\tpj_free(pixbuf);\r\n\treturn(Success);\r\n}\r\n" ]

[ 0, 0.01225114854517611, 0.011673151750972763, 0.0027624309392265192, 0.007575757575757576, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ralph Lauren quietly shuttered its two-year-old 20,000-square-foot store last week. ", "Other brands are expected to close boutiques in a city that has lost its luster for cash-rich mainland Chinese tourists.", "\n\nARTIST’S INTERPRETATION: Magazine editors often change the photo portrait that appears in their editor’s letters as often as they change their shirts. ", "But how many have appeared as a Simpsons character? ", "Glenda Bailey now has such bragging rights, appearing as a Simpsonized cartoon in her editor’s letter along with Marge Simpson in the front row of a fashion show. ", "The August issue of Harper’s Bazaar features an eight-page feature by Simpsons illustrator Julius Preite where the fictional family goes to Paris with Linda Evangelista (also caricatured). ", "The Simpsons appear with cartoon versions of Donatella Versace, Lanvin’s Alber Elbaz, Karl Lagerfeld, Jean Paul Gaultier and Marc Jacobs. ", "Most editors scrutinize their photos to make sure they capture the fewest wrinkles or whitest smiles, so wasn’t Bailey, who wears a white Lanvin top in the photo, concerned that Preite’s animated treatment — especially that jaundiced tone particular to the residents of Springfield — would be unflattering? “", "There’s no bad side to being Simpsonized,” Bailey commented. ", "Meanwhile, Marge Simpson would have blocked many a market editor’s view with her trademark sky-high blue hair. ", "Surely a front-row gatekeeper would have relegated her to the back, right? “", "I sat next to Mike Tyson once, but I guess it wasn’t his hair that was big,” Bailey quipped. ", "We assume she was talking about his muscles. — ", "Stephanie D. Smith\n\nLOSING FAITH: The cover of a magazine remains one of the few venues where celebrities are spared the warts and all coverage of the tabloid age. ", "But upon launching in May, the Gawker media blog Jezebel promised $10,000 to anyone who could undermine that safety zone with the best example of a pre-retouched magazine cover photo. ", "On Monday, the winning before-and-after photos were released from the July cover of Redbook. ", "More than just smoothing Faith Hill‘s crow’s-feet, the photo also radically transforms the 39-year-old’s arm, shrinking its circumference and removing its elbow bend. ", "The hand in her lap and drooping skin on her back also disappear.", "\n\nE ditor in chief Stacy Morrison said, “The retouching we did on Faith Hill’s photo for the July cover of Redbook is completely in line with industry standards. ", "We are investigating how the unretouched images got released.” (", "How far will that $10,000 stretch if the culprit is found?)", "\n\nJezebel editor Anna Holmes said that the site had received between five and 10 submissions, and that the Faith Hill shot had been chosen based on the fact that much of her body was both visible and radically altered. “", "Part of me was hoping for a Vogue cover,” Holmes admitted. ", "Barring that, the contest “wasn’t about [Hill], it was about how magazines retouch women to make women look at times unrecognizable. ", "The original photo — when I saw it I broke out into a big grin, not because I was having a gotcha moment, but because I said, ‘Here’s a woman who looks like a real woman.'” ", "Holmes said the site was aware of the identity of the photo leaker but declined to discuss the “myriad” ways that Jezebel they had acquired the photos.", "\n\nIn response to a detailed e-mail request for comment, a spokesman for Hill responded, “Huh?” — ", "Irin Carmon\n\nROLLING ON: Rolling Stone publisher Tim Castelli is leaving to join Google as New York sales director. ", "The staff was notified on Monday by chief marketing officer Gary Armstrong. ", "Castelli joined Rolling Stone last April. ", "Previously, he was associate publisher of Maxim and worked at Ziff Davis Media for 13 years. ", "Castelli’s last day is Wednesday. ", "A replacement is expected to be announced shortly. — ", "S.D.S.\n\nNAOMI RUNS ON DUNKIN’: Naomi Campbell continues to cash in on her old antics. ", "But this time around, she’s being paid for her bad behavior by Dunkin’ Donuts. ", "Campbell, wearing a Giambattista Valli dress, stars in the company’s new multi-million-dollar ad campaign by trying to prove that “it’s not easy being an everyday, regular suburbanite,” by breaking her Prada stiletto as she tries to plant a tree. ", "Poking fun at her old ways, she takes her frustration out by throwing the shoe into a nearby window and then hits the tree with a shovel. ", "The 30-second commercial, created by Hill Holiday, was directed by actor Zach Braff. ", "Frances Allen, brand marketing officer, said Dunkin’ Donuts created the campaign, in part, to celebrate regular people. ", "Like Campbell.", "\n\nThe ad will run until the end of the year, but only in the New England region. — ", "Amy Wicks\n\nTAKE THREE: Is Bill Wackermann on a path to be the next Richard Beckman, or has he simply been bit more than a few times by the Hollywood bug? ", "Reel Moments, Glamour’s three-year-old program spearheaded by vice president and publisher Wackermann, started as a reader contest designed to create buzz and, like most brand extensions, drive more ad pages to the magazine. ", "The program invites readers to send in stories with the chance to have their tales adapted into short films directed by A-list actresses. ", "In its third iteration, the franchise has not only become a significant one for Glamour, but the program is also looking to make a bigger splash in Tinsletown. ", "Reel Moments will hand out a filmmaking grant to a budding director and host a symposium where alumni and notable women in the industry will meet to discuss issues affecting woman in Hollywood.", "\n\n“For us, what’s resonating with Reel Moments and why it continues to grow is the core stems from empowering women. ", "It feels genuine and it comes from real readers’ stories in the magazine,” said Wackermann. ", "This year’s three films will be directed by Rita Wilson, Kirsten Dunst and Kate Hudson.", "\n\nReel Moments in its first year produced five films and roped in Elizabeth Arden, Nokia, Bebe and Mercury as sponsors. ", "As a part of their involvement in the project, advertisers’ wares were incorporated, albeit subtly, into each film with varying themes. ", "Last year, Glamour produced three films themed around love and signed on a sole sponsor, Cartier, which launched its Love bracelet with the program.", "\n\nThis year, Clinique Happy will be the sole sponsor of three films themed around happiness. “", "The program works great as single sponsorship because it resonates to have a single theme go through all of the stories,” said Wackermann. “", "A lot of product integration can feel forced to the consumer. ", "The value of this program is about the artistic merit of these stories.”", "\n\nAnd of course, the incremental dollars to Glamour’s bottom line.", "\n\nCartier, a new advertiser last year, banked 10 ad pages with the magazine as a part of a sponsorship deal for the program worth $1.8 million, as reported by The New York Times. ", "This year’s partnership with Clinique is worth roughly the same; Clinique, which already advertised in Glamour, increased its schedule this year by 10 pages. ", "Through September, ad pages for September totaled 1,443, up 13.5 percent from the same period last year. ", "Glamour has earned 50 ad pages through the Reel Moments program since its inception.", "\n\nFor Clinique, Reel Moments helps promote a product on film that currently does most of its promotion through print. ", "Scent strips in particular have worked well for the fragrance, said Catherine Frieder, Clinique’s executive director, global marketing, but the brand has generally used “print combined with other innovative things.”", "\n\nFor the starstruck advertisers, the program puts them closer to the Hollywood celebs appearing in the respective films. ", "Besides having their name next to last year’s participants Jennifer Aniston and Bryce Dallas Howard, among others, the stars wore Cartier bracelets on the red carpet premiere.", "\n\nThe contest winner will be announced at the premiere of this year’s movies Oct. 7, and her film will debut at a Glamour symposium in Hollywood in February.", "\n\nSince Reel Moments launched, both Elle and More magazine have followed suit with their own march into movies. ", "This fall, Julia Stiles made her directorial debut when she produced a mobile for Elle adapted from a feature in the magazine. ", "More’s Women in Film contest invites its 40-plus female target audience to submit their screenplays to win funding and meetings with top production executives, and a screening for their project. — ", "S.D.S.\n\nWWD's Ultimate Holiday Gift Guide is brought to you by @styleontherise and is complete with the perfect presents for everyone on your list. ", "Click the link in our bio to start shopping NOW. #", "WWDHoliday #Sponsored\n\n@rebeccaminkoff is bringing self-checkout to high fashion: The brand has partnered with @queuehop to bring its customers self-checkout options, beginning this holiday season at its SoHo store. (", "📷: @aurorarosephoto)\n\nIt was a big night for Demna Gvasalia at the Fashion Awards 2016 in London: The designer took home the award for international ready-to-wear designer for his work at @balenciaga, while his brand @vetements_official scooped international urban luxury brand. (", "📷: @giovanni_giannoni_photo)" ]

[ 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0.018404907975460124, 0.021164021164021163, 0.043478260869565216, 0.00974025974025974, 0.03278688524590164, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0.021505376344086023, 0, 0.006097560975609756, 0.005434782608695652, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0.004545454545454545, 0.03389830508474576, 0, 0, 0, 0.010309278350515464, 0.02586206896551724, 0.013157894736842105, 0.023809523809523808, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0.012658227848101266, 0.012145748987854251, 0, 0.023529411764705882, 0.016666666666666666, 0.07142857142857142, 0, 0.01948051948051948, 0.008888888888888889, 0, 0.00625, 0, 0, 0, 0.034482758620689655, 0.025, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00558659217877095, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0.00847457627118644, 0.009302325581395349, 0, 0.011428571428571429, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0.015748031496062992, 0, 0.02702702702702703, 0.02, 0.009216589861751152, 0.010714285714285714, 0 ]

[ "Kupffer cell suspensions and cultures as a tool in experimental carcinogenesis.", "\nApproximately one-third of the cells in the liver are nonhepatocytes. ", "Of these, the Kupffer cells, or phagocytes lining the sinusoids, are of particular significance since environmental carcinogens must first traverse a Kupffer cell barrier before reaching the liver parenchyma. ", "Phagocytosis and subsequent degradation of carcinogens by Kupffer cells lead to their permanent removal. ", "Factors such as membrane receptors, which determine the avidity of Kupffer cells for various substances, would consequently have a decisive role in the primary interaction between carcinogens and Kupffer cells. ", "Likewise, the intracellular lysosomal apparatus, which determines the ability of these cells to degrade various substances, would determine whether these substances can persist in an active form. ", "In vivo data on Kupffer cell clearance of various substances are plentiful. ", "However, to dissect the complex problem of Kupffer cell interaction with carcinogens, a clear-cut in vitro system would certainly be useful. ", "A system for separating Kupffer cells from other types of liver cells and maintaining pure Kupffer cell cultures has been achieved in recent years. ", "Some basic cell biological studies--such as studies of membrane receptors and lysosomal enzyme apparatus--have already been carried out. ", "It could now be rewarding to adopt the system for in vitro studies of Kupffer cell interactions with carcinogens." ]

[ 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0.009569377990430622, 0.009523809523809525, 0.009478672985781991, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0.0070921985815602835, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0.008849557522123894 ]

[ "963 F.2d 222\n58 Fair Empl.", "Prac.", "Cas. (", "BNA) 1664,58 Empl. ", "Prac. ", "Dec. P 41,436Glenn J. WARNEBOLD, Appellant,v.UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, Appellee.", "\nNo. ", "91-3327.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Eighth Circuit.", "\nSubmitted April 15, 1992.Decided May 4, 1992.", "\n\nDavid C. Howard, St. Louis, Mo. (Geri Frank, on the brief), argued for appellant.", "\nKathleen J. Ford, Omaha, Neb., argued, for appellee.", "\nBefore FAGG, Circuit Judge, HENLEY, Senior Circuit Judge, and WOLLMAN, Circuit Judge.", "\nHENLEY, Senior Circuit Judge.", "\n\n\n1\nGlenn J. Warnebold appeals from an order of the district court1 granting summary judgment in favor of Union Pacific Railroad. ", " We affirm.", "\n\n\n2\nWarnebold worked for Union Pacific in managerial positions from July 1978 until July 1, 1988, when he was terminated through an involuntary separation program. ", " In exchange for receiving a payment of $40,703.00, on July 21, 1988, Warnebold executed a \"General Release and Covenant Not to Sue.\" ", " Warnebold agreed to release Union Pacific \"from any and all claims, causes of action and liabilities of any kind or nature including, ... claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ..., [and] the Age Discrimination in Employment Act [ADEA] ... arising out of [his] employment at, or termination of [his] non-agreement employment from Union Pacific Railroad Company....\" Warnebold also agreed \"not to institute any proceedings against the Company based on any matter relating to [his] employment at, or termination of [his] non-agreement employment from, the Company.\"", "\n\n\n3\nAt the time Warnebold executed the release, he had age and sex discrimination claims pending at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the state human rights commission. ", " In June 1990 he filed a complaint in the district court alleging violations of the ADEA, 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq., ", "and Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.", "\n\n\n4\nUnion Pacific moved for summary judgment on the ground that the release barred the action. ", " Warnebold opposed the motion, asserting that the release was void.", "\n\n\n5\nThe district court found that the release was valid and constituted a knowing and voluntary waiver of Warnebold's Title VII and ADEA claims. ", " See Lancaster v. Buerkle Buick Honda Co., 809 F.2d 539, 541 (8th Cir.) ", " (court applies \"ordinary contract principles\" in determining validity of ADEA release), cert. ", "denied, 482 U.S. 928, 107 S.Ct. ", "3212, 96 L.Ed.2d 699 (1987).2 The court found that the language of the release was clear and unambiguous; that Warnebold was an educated businessman, who had had seven days in which to consider signing the release and had admitted that he had read the release and understood its terms. ", " The court rejected Warnebold's argument that he had signed the release only because he relied on the advice of an EEOC counselor and an attorney who told him the release was invalid. ", " See Pilon v. University of Minnesota, 710 F.2d 466, 468 (8th Cir.1983) (improper advice of attorney regarding legal effect of words of release insufficient to void release if language of release was clear and unambiguous).", "\n\n\n6\nThe court also rejected Warnebold's argument that the release was void for lack of consideration. ", " Warnebold contended that Union Pacific had a preexisting obligation to pay him pursuant to 49 U.S.C. § 11347, as supplemented by New York Dock Railway-Control-Brooklyn E. Dist. ", "Terminal, 360 I.C.C. 60 (1979), aff'd, New York Dock Ry. ", "v. United States, 609 F.2d 83 (2d Cir.1979) (New York Dock ), which provides protections to railroad employees who have been adversely affected by certain business transactions. ", " Union Pacific responded that Warnebold was not entitled to New York Dock benefits because he was not a covered employee. ", " Union Pacific relied on Newbourne v. Grand Trunk W. Ry. ", "Co., 758 F.2d 193, 194-96 (6th Cir.1985), which held that a manager was not an employee within the meaning of the statute. ", " The district court found that because Warnebold had only a contested right to New York Dock benefits, the $40,703.00 payment constituted consideration. ", " See O'Hare v. Global Natural Resources, Inc., 898 F.2d 1015, 1017 (5th Cir.1990) (release of ADEA claim supported by consideration where plaintiff \"gave up a disputed right to [severance] benefits ... for an undisputed right to a smaller package of benefits\"). ", " See also O'Shea v. Commercial Credit Corp., 930 F.2d 358, 362 & n. 3 (4th Cir.) ", " (release of ADEA claim supported by consideration where plaintiff received severance payment to which she was not unquestionably entitled), cert. ", "denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. ", "177, 116 L.Ed.2d 139 (1991).", "\n\n\n7\nOn appeal Warnebold argues that the district court erred in holding that the release was valid. ", " He primarily challenges the court's finding regarding consideration. ", " Upon review of the briefs, record and oral argument, we agree with the district court that the release was supported by consideration and constituted a knowing and voluntary waiver of Warnebold's ADEA and Title VII claims.", "\n\n\n8\nAccordingly, we affirm the judgment.", "\n\n\n\n1\n The Honorable Stephen N. Limbaugh, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri\n\n\n2\n The district court also found the release was valid under the \"totality of the circumstances\" test used by other circuits. ", " See, e.g., Cirillo v. Arco Chemical Co., 862 F.2d 448, 451 (3d Cir.1988)\n\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.16666666666666666, 0.05263157894736842, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0.0425531914893617, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0.018867924528301886, 0.03488372093023256, 0.03333333333333333, 0.015267175572519083, 0, 0.006060606060606061, 0.007407407407407408, 0.010309278350515464, 0.015706806282722512, 0.008620689655172414, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0.0136986301369863, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0.003472222222222222, 0.010810810810810811, 0.004464285714285714, 0.009708737864077669, 0.005555555555555556, 0.017543859649122806, 0, 0.016260162601626018, 0.034482758620689655, 0, 0.006493506493506494, 0.0038022813688212928, 0.024390243902439025, 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0.00423728813559322, 0.012987012987012988 ]

[ "[Type III fractures: treatment].", "\nWe reviewed 47 type 3 femoral fractures (below the femoral stem according to the Johansson classification). ", "There were 36 women and 11 men. ", "The average age was 73,4 years, at the time of the fracture.", "These patients had had a total arthroplasty in 32 cases, a hemi arthroplasty in 10 cases and a bipolar arthroplasty in 5 cases.", "Of these 47 patients:- 6 underwent an orthopedic treatment (2 trans-tibial traction, and 4 plaster of Paris immobilisations) for a period averaging 60 days. ", "Two (33%) developed pseudoarthritis and 2 (33%) developed bed-sores and decubitus complications.- The remaining, 41 patients underwent a surgical procedure:- 34 osteosynthesis using plates or screw plates brought about : - 4 fractures under the plate; - 4 pseudo-arthrosis; - 4 infections; - 4 plate breakages; - 1 femoral stem loose-ring;- 6 femoral stems were replaced with longer stems going through and extending past the fractures, without any material breakage or local complications (one patient died however, following other complications).- One patient had an Olerud procedure and unfortunately died after 3 months.", "At last follow up : - 4 patients had died; - consolidation occured in 41 cases over an average period of 130 days (45 to 590); - fractures treated by using osteosynthesis plates, showed a 50% incidence of complication; - on the other hand, when using stem replacement, no mechanical or local complications occured." ]

[ 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0016025641025641025, 0 ]

[ "The number one seed and defending champion was pushed all the way by the surprise winner of the Japan Open, but broke in the ninth game of the deciding set before serving out to reach the last 16.", "\n\nShanghai Masters Djokovic sees off Coric to close gap on Nadal 14/10/2018 AT 09:20\n\nIt is Federer's first competitive tournament in singles since he lost to John Millman in the US Open last 16 in early September.", "\n\nHe will face Spain's Roberto Bautista Agut for a quarter-final spot as he continues his quest for a third title in Shanghai.", "\n\nJuan Martin del Potro displayed his battling qualities to overcome Richard Gasquet.", "\n\nThe number three seed fought back on two occasions, winning four straight games from 3-5 down in the first set and then recovering from a 2-6 deficit in the second set tie-break on the way to a 7-5 7-6 (9/7) victory.", "\n\nDel Potro will face Borna Coric in the next round. ", "He beat the Croatian 6-4 6-3 6-1 in the US Open fourth round last month.", "\n\nFourth seed Alexander Zverev is also through after a 7-5 6-4 win over in-form Georgian Nikoloz Basilashvili. ", "He will play Alex de Minaur in the last-16 after his 6-4 6-3 victory against Benoit Paire.", "\n\nWimbledon finalist Kevin Anderson cruised to victory against Mikhail Kukushkin, winning 6-3 6-2 in just 64 minutes and will play Stefanos Tsitsipas after the Greek saved three set points in the second-set tie-break en route to a 6-4 7-6 (10/8) win over Karen Khachanov.", "\n\nMarco Cecchinato recovered from 1-4 down in a final-set tie-break to defeat Chung Hyeon 4-6 7-6 (7/5) 7-6 (7/5) in two hours and 35 minutes while British number one Kyle Edmund maintained his good recent form with a 6-3 6-4 win over Andreas Seppi to reach the third round in Shanghai for the first time.", "\n\nShanghai Masters Men's Singles Results\n\nSecond round\n\n1-Roger Federer (SUI) beat Daniil Medvedev (RUS) 6-4 4-6 6-4\n\nRoberto Bautista Agut (SPA) beat Mackenzie McDonald (USA) 3-6 6-4 6-1\n\nSam Querrey (USA) beat Taylor Fritz (USA) 6-3 6-7(4) 7-5\n\n8-Kei Nishikori (JPN) beat Yibing Wu (CHN) 3-6 6-0 6-3\n\n3-Juan Martin del Potro (ARG) beat Richard Gasquet (FRA) 7-5 7-6(7)\n\n11-Kyle Edmund (GBR) beat Andreas Seppi (ITA) 6-3 6-4\n\nAlex De Minaur (AUS) beat Benoit Paire (FRA) 6-4 6-3\n\n4-Alexander Zverev (GER) beat Nikoloz Basilashvili (GEO) 7-5 6-4\n\nKevin Anderson (RSA) beat Mikhail Kukushkin (KAZ) 6-3 6-2\n\n10-Stefanos Tsitsipas (GRE) beat Karen Khachanov (RUS) 6-4 7-6(8)\n\n16-Marco Cecchinato (ITA) beat Hyeon Chung (KOR) 4-6 7-6(5)\n\nShanghai Masters Coric claims Federer scalp to reach Shanghai final 13/10/2018 AT 13:39" ]

[ 0, 0.014018691588785047, 0.007936507936507936, 0.023529411764705882, 0, 0.03773584905660377, 0, 0.018018018018018018, 0.022222222222222223, 0.014760147601476014, 0.013114754098360656, 0.0341047503045067 ]

[ "Q:\n\nDoes pdfTex produce warnings when it doesn't find the word hyphenation pattern?", "\n\nIn my document I use babel package and load several languages for correct hyphenation.", "\n\\usepackage[icelandic, latin, czech]{babel}\n\nI add manually words that babel package doesn't know.", "\n\\begin{hyphenrules}{icelandic}\n\\hyphenation{\n pla-tó-nskt\n}\n\\end{hyphenrules}\n\nI wonder if I can find in log file warnings when the pdfTex using babel package tries to hyphenate word that it actually does not know. ", "That would help me in adding the words into hyphenate rules.", "\n\nA:\n\nTeX's hyphenation rules do not work on the basis of words, except for special exceptions specified in \\hyphenation. ", "The body of the hyphenation rules are generated by matching substrings of words in the document to a set of letter patterns that encourage or discourage hyphenation at that point.", "\nSo there is no sense really in which TeX does not \"know\" a word for hyphenation. ", "Every word is matched against the patterns and that algorithm may specify zero or more hyphenation points. ", "So the question is not whether TeX knows the word but whether the hyphenation points found by that algorithm match the hyphenation points in some published reference for that language, and that isn't something that TeX can answer itself.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0.008438818565400843, 0 ]

[ "Short-term outcomes of matching dual diagnosis patients' symptom severity to treatment intensity.", "\nThis study evaluated a patient-treatment matching strategy intended to improve the effectiveness of hospital-inpatient and community-residential treatment for dual diagnosis patients. ", "Matching variables were the severity of patient disorders and the program's service intensity. ", "Each of three high-intensity hospital programs was paired with a nearby high-intensity community program; there were also four low-intensity pairs. ", "Patients (N=230) were randomly assigned to hospital or community care at intake, and followed at discharge (96%) and at 4 months (90%). ", "Support was found for the matching strategy at discharge in that severely ill patients treated in high-intensity programs improved more on substance abuse outcomes, and moderately ill patients treated in low-intensity programs improved more on psychiatric outcomes. ", "The benefits of matching held at 4 months in that high-severity patients had better alcohol outcomes when they were treated in high-rather than low-intensity programs. ", "High-and moderate-severity patients did not show differential outcomes in hospital-based or community-based programs. ", "Dual diagnosis patients should be matched by symptom severity with program service intensity, but matching with hospital or community care may not enhance treatment outcomes." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nFind and copy certain values in cells\n\nI have a column with filenames of the following format:\nsomenumber_sometext_1_100_AA\nThese filenames are in column A. I need to scan each filename in each cell and copy the number 1 and paste it into column B and copy the number 100 and paste it in column C, all of the same row as the filename. ", "I then want to repeat for the next cell down in column A.\nHelp would be appreciated!", "\n\nA:\n\nAs this was tagged with VBA, I will give a simple vba macro solution.", "\nThe easiest way is to define a VBA function called splitText(test,delim, n) , which will split text by a delimiter, and get the nth column. ", "This is so commonly needed, I wish they'd just make it standard.", "\nFunction splitText(txt As String, delim As String, n As Integer)\n splitText = split(txt, delim)(n)\nEnd Function\n\nThen, if the string is A1, put this in B1:\n=splitText(A1,\"_\",2)\n\nAnd this in C1:\n=splitText(A1,\"_\",3)\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0.0070921985815602835, 0, 0.013636363636363636 ]

[ "Influence of atrial fibrillation on coagulo-fibrinolytic markers in patients with cerebral infarction.", "\nTo examine the influence of atrial fibrillation (Af) on stroke onset, we measured the plasma D-dimer level, thrombin antithrombin III complex and plasmin alpha 2 antiplasmin complex (PAP) in 46 stroke patients with Af and 87 stroke patients without Af. ", "These marker levels were significantly higher in Af patients with stroke than in those without stroke (n = 16), and thus do not seem to be affected by Af alone. ", "Abnormal values were also more frequent in acute Af stroke patients with visible occlusion of the major cerebral artery than in those without Af. ", "The D-dimer and PAP levels in all Af stroke patients in the younger-aged patients (< or = 64 years) were significantly higher than those without Af, but not noted in the older-aged group (> or = 75 years). ", "These results suggest that the D-dimer and PAP levels in younger-aged patients with Af indicate the existence of cerebral emboli due to Af." ]

[ 0, 0.003937007874015748, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "New pharmacological protocols to prevent or reduce contrast media nephropathy.", "\nContrast media associated acute renal failure represents the third cause of in-hospital renal function deterioration after decreased renal perfusion and post-operative renal insufficiency. ", "Although generally benign, this complication shows a mortality rate ranging from 3.8% to 64%, depending on the increase of creatinine concentration. ", "The mechanism by which contrast-induced renal failure occurs is not well understood. ", "Contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity appears to be a result of direct contrast induced renal tubular epithelial cell toxicity and renal medullary ischemia. ", "Furthermore, a key mechanism seems to be alteration in renal dynamics, probably caused by imbalances between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor factors, including the activities of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, endothelin and reactive oxygen species. ", "Recommendations to prevent contrast-associated nephrotoxicity are: 1) periprocedural hydration, 2) use of a low osmolality contrast, and 3) limiting the amount of contrast agent. ", "Recently, considerable interest has resulted from the preliminary positive data on the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of antioxidant compounds (such as acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid) and fenoldopam." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1}\n===============\n\nHormonal changes at the moment of parturition may constitute an important regulatory mechanism for myometrial contraction. ", "In some species (e.g., sheep), sudden changes in circulating cortisol, oestrogen, and progesterone appear to be important factors for the onset of labour, whereas in humans, these signs remain unknown \\[[@B1]--[@B10]\\]. ", "Therefore, we investigated the concentration of oestrogen receptors (ORs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in pregnant human women because local modifications of these receptors may be associated with the myometrial conditions responsible for the mechanism of parturition \\[[@B1]--[@B10]\\].", "\n\nPrior studies on hormone concentrations during labour have failed to demonstrate significant changes indicating their direct involvement in labour; however, local changes in hormone receptors are believed to be responsible for parturition \\[[@B4], [@B5], [@B11]\\]. ", "Close to term, the effect of progesterone may be inhibited by a genetic mechanism involving one or more agents not associated with receptors \\[[@B1], [@B2]\\]. ", "This genetic mechanism may lead to the attenuation of progesterone\\'s effects by, for example, a specific gene that interrupts its action at a molecular, biochemical, and/or cellular level \\[[@B1]\\]. ", "Corroborating these studies in a review, Mendelson postulates that an increase in inflammatory response occurs as a result of the activation of the nuclear factor (kappa) beta, leading to uterine contractility in two ways: (1) the direct activation of contractile genes (e.g., COX-2, oxytocin receptors, and connexin 43) and (2) a blockade of the ability of progesterone receptors (PRs) to maintain uterine quiescence \\[[@B5]\\].", "\n\nAccording to previous reports, a decrease in the concentration of PRs is observed in patients during labour \\[[@B4]--[@B12]\\]. ", "Nonetheless, the inhibition of the effects of gestagenic agents does not result in the immediate onset of labour, although this inhibition sensitises the cells of the myometrium to agents that induce uterine contractility. ", "In contrast, oestrogen enables the myometrium to prepare for parturition by inducing oxytocin receptors, which is perhaps the first step of parturition \\[[@B5]--[@B10], [@B12]\\].", "\n\nRecent studies have also suggested that the withdrawal of progesterone is the initiator of parturition, and they have demonstrated the importance of the concentrations of PRs A and B and their relationship in the mechanism of parturition \\[[@B5]--[@B10], [@B12]\\]. ", "Currently, other aspects are also known to be required for the onset of parturition. ", "Cervical changes, for example, are associated with the expression of receptors that modify local mechanisms such as the remodelling of collagen, the migration of inflammatory cells, and changes in the extracellular matrix as a whole \\[[@B9], [@B13]--[@B15]\\].", "\n\nTo quantify the concentrations of ORs and PRs in the myometrium during labour, a prospective study including 21 patients was designed to evaluate the concentrations of these receptors on the surfaces of myometrial cells in tissue biopsies collected during a caesarean section of full-term pregnant women in relation to the presence or absence of labour.", "\n\n2. ", "Materials and Methods {#sec2}\n========================\n\nMyometrial tissue was obtained by biopsies performed during caesarean sections of 21 full-term pregnant women (37 to 41 weeks). ", "Six women were in labour (mean 39 weeks, range 37 to 41), and 15 were not in labour (mean 39 weeks, range 37 to 41 weeks). ", "All subjects signed the informed consent form prior to their inclusion in the study. ", "The study was evaluated and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). ", "Gestational age was confirmed by the date of the last menstrual period and/or by ultrasonography in the first and/or second trimesters. ", "Women were considered parturient based on the assessment of the signs and/or symptoms of labour: a Bishop score greater than or equal to 5, two or more uterine contractions lasting more than 40 seconds in 10 minutes, cervical dilation of 2 cm in primiparous women and 3 cm in multiparous women, and insinuated foetal presentation.", "\n\nThe indications of cesarean section in patients during the labour were as follows: two or more previous cesarean sections, fetal distress observed during the evolution of the labour, and primiparous women in breech. ", "The exclusion criteria were patients with obstructed labour, clinical, and/or obstetrical complications, and patients undergoing induction/conduction of labour with oxytocin or prostaglandin, using medication except multivitamins.", "\n\nDuring the caesarean section (after placental expulsion), a small piece of the myometrium was removed at the upper middle portion of the incision (hysterotomy) by the researcher (JSA), always using the same technique: a resection of 0.5 cm³ of the myometrium with the aid of a scalpel, excluding the endometrium and visceral peritoneum, and then proceeding to a normal suture of the hysterectomy. ", "The material obtained from each biopsy was placed in 10% buffered formaldehyde for a maximum of 48 hours and subsequently processed in an Autotechnicon (Autotechnicon 2^A^, Chauncey, NY, USA) for 12 hours (overnight), using alcohol, xylene, and paraffin. ", "After processing, the specimens were placed in cassettes and embedded in paraffin (Soldan Cytological Products Ltd., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil). ", "The paraffin blocks containing the histological processed materials were cooled in a freezer and cut on a rotary microtome to obtain 4-micron-thick histological sections using disposable razors (Leica) suitable for this purpose. ", "The paraffin ribbons obtained from the microtome sectioning process were carefully placed in a histological water bath, and the sections were deposited on precleaned slides coated with a special adhesive that improves tissue adhesion (VER-SA PLUS, Euriegas). ", "The slides were then placed in a laboratory oven for 1 hour.", "\n\nThe immunohistochemical preparation procedures were as follows. (", "1) Preparation of the histological sections: washing in xylene at room temperature for 15 minutes, twice, followed by 100% ethanol (3 times) for 30 seconds each, 95% ethanol for 30 seconds, 80% ethanol for 30 seconds, and 70% ethanol for 30 seconds, with a final washing in running and distilled water. (", "2) Antigen retrieval: the slides were incubated in moist heat and incubated in citrate buffer (10 nM, pH 6.0) in a steamer (T-Fal) for 20 minutes.", "\n\nThe immunohistochemical visualisation consisted of the following steps in a reaction using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex (StreptABC). (", "1) The slides were incubated with a specific antibody (monoclonal ER (1B)/PR (2B)) for 30 minutes in a moist chamber. (", "2) The slides were washed in Tris-buffered saline (Dako TBS), and the buffer was exchanged every 3 minutes. (", "3) The slides were then incubated with biotinylated secondary antibody (anti-immunoglobulin from the animal species from which the specific antibody was obtained) in a moist chamber for 30 minutes at 37°C. (", "4) The slides were again washed in buffer with three exchanges, once every 3 minutes. (", "5) Revelation and mounting: the slides were incubated in a substrate solution (diaminobenzidine; DAB, 60 mg%) for 3 minutes at 37°C in the dark. ", "The positive control slides were then observed through the microscope for the development of a golden-brown precipitate, the final product of the reaction; the slides were washed in running and distilled water for 3 minutes, counterstained with Harris haematoxylin for 30 seconds, and washed in running and distilled water. ", "The slides were then dehydrated in 50% ethanol, 80% ethanol, 95% ethanol, and 100% ethanol (3X) followed by xylene (3X), mounted in Entellan cover slips (Merck 1.07961) and examined under an optical microscope by three pathologists to confirm the suitability of the tissue sample. ", "The pathologists also verified whether scarring from previous caesarean sections would interfere with the results, which was avoided by observing specific areas for study.", "\n\nThe quantitative analysis of the presence of ORs and PRs was performed using a computerised image-analysis program (ImageLab). ", "For the quantification of the areas occupied by the two hormone receptors, microscopic fields of 422 *μ*m × 322 *μ*m were captured at a magnification of 100x while maintaining several standardised settings of the optical microscope (Leitz Carbelux Model 6MBH). ", "A Leitz Wetzlar-160/0.17 Plan 10/0.45 lens was used at maximum light intensity with the maximum condenser aperture at a distance of 6.5 cm from the slide.", "\n\nThe digitalised fields had a horizontal resolution of 640 pixels and a vertical resolution of 480 pixels in 24-bit colour (16 million colours), and the same range of colours for the area to be quantified was used in each of the fields. ", "The colour range was adjusted for isolation in areas that represented the ORs and PRs in the image. ", "The averaged values obtained from both analysed fields in each slide were determined by considering two parameters: the percentage of the area occupied by hormone receptors and the optical density of the light reflected by each of the receptors. ", "To avoid possible subjectivity, all examined materials were identified by each patient\\'s medical record number, and the collected data and the results obtained were compared only at the end of the study. ", "The pathological anatomy laboratory technician numbered the patients according to the order of entry of the biopsy material in the laboratory, enabling the statistical analysis of patients numbered 1 to 21. ", "The name and number of the medical record were retained, allowing for easy identification. ", "Therefore, the patients in labour and not in labour could readily be compared at the end of the study following the examination of the slides.", "\n\nAll data were stored in Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) spreadsheet and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version 19.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). ", "The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the pregnant women in each study group with respect to the numbers of ORs and PRs. ", "The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the numbers of ORs with the number of PRs in each group. ", "Spearman\\'s correlation coefficients (*r*) were used to study the possible relationships between ORs and PRs in each group separately. ", "The level of significance (*P*) was \\<0.05. ", "The significant values were marked with asterisks.", "\n\n3. ", "Results {#sec3}\n==========\n\nThe medians of PRs and ORs in pregnant women in labour (Group I) were 29.3 ± 2.38 (range, 24.6--30.2) and 32.3 ± 10.92 (range, 22.9--49.0), respectively. ", "The medians of PRs and ORs in pregnant women without labour (Group II) were 43.6 ± 14.94 (range, 23.6--70), and 43.9 ± 13.17 (range, 18.3--62.6), respectively. ", "We did not observe significant differences of the number of ORs and PRs in both groups by the Mann-Whitney test (*P* = 0.13 and 0.37, resp.).", "\n\nThe *Z* critical between both groups was 1.96 (oestrogen-*Z* calculated = 1.56 and progesterone-*Z* calculated = 0.93), proving difference in the concentration of both receptors in the myometrium of lower uterine segment of pregnant women during and without labour ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nThe number of ORs was statistically more than that of PRs in the myometrium of lower uterine segment of Group II (Group I *Z* calculated = 0.94 versus Group II *Z* calculated = 16.00). ", "We observed that the PRs and ORs concentrations were smaller in the myometrium of lower uterine segment of Group I, and these concentrations were higher in Group II (Group I *r* calculated = 0.49 versus Group II *r* calculated = 0.74) ([Table 2](#tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n4. ", "Discussion {#sec4}\n=============\n\nKnowledge of the mechanism of parturition should allow patients in preterm labour and patients with postterm pregnancy to be properly treated, minimising the complications of such conditions \\[[@B2], [@B3], [@B14], [@B16]\\]. ", "Recent works have suggested that a decrease in the number of progesterone B receptors, favouring an increase in the expression of progesterone receptor A, results in a triggering of the mechanism that initiates labour \\[[@B5]--[@B7], [@B9], [@B10]\\]. ", "Thus, these authors suggest a functional withdrawal of progesterone.", "\n\nThe results of the present study suggest that the downregulation of the concentration of PRs may be associated with human parturition, or at least with its initiation. ", "Because no significant changes were noted in ORs numbers in either labour or nonlabour conditions, oestrogen action may be held constant. ", "A constant level of oestrogen may also maintain the status of both ORs and PRs, given the well-known upregulation of both hormone receptors by oestrogen and the downregulation of these receptors by progesterone \\[[@B1], [@B2], [@B4], [@B11]\\]. ", "Another implication of the sustained OR levels may be explained by the observation that oestrogen excites the myometrium, increases the levels of oxytocin receptors, and induces the inflammatory process currently known to be involved in parturition \\[[@B5], [@B6], [@B9]\\].", "\n\nThe present study confirmed the findings of several previous studies, particularly from the study that served as our model, that is, the upregulation of ORs and PRs. ", "When PR numbers decrease, there is a less expressive decrease in OR numbers, and PRs apparently tend to decrease in patients in labour \\[[@B8], [@B10]\\]. ", "We note that the present study was conducted in the myometrium of lower uterine segment and, similarly to the studies conducted by Rezapour et al. ", "\\[[@B8]\\] and Winkler et al. ", "\\[[@B10]\\], we observed a low concentration of PRs in the myometrium of lower uterine segment. ", "The study by Merlino et al. ", "\\[[@B6]\\] required a correction of the receptor analysis due to the small number of myometrial cells in the uterine cervix, which is also consistent with findings of the present study.", "\n\nSimilarly to the study of Winkler et al. ", "\\[[@B10]\\], in the present study, a tendency for a decrease in the number of PRs was observed in pregnant women at the beginning of labour with a Bishop score equal to or less than 5. ", "According to study \\[[@B6]\\], the fact that lower concentrations of PRs were found may have been due to a missing analysis of a specific receptor type. ", "The authors showed that the ratio of PR-A to PR-B increased during labour. ", "They also studied pregnant women subjected to elective caesareans, in both term and preterm pregnancies, although not in labour. ", "Their results showed that a PR-A/PR-B ratio of 0.5 was maintained in the term and preterm pregnancies, whereas during labour, the ratio doubled in favour of PR-A, with a value of 2.5/1. ", "They concluded that \"these findings are consistent with previous studies and support the hypothesis that human parturition involves a specific increase in the ratio of PR-A/PR-B in the myometrium due to an increased expression of PR-A\" \\[[@B6]\\]. ", "This result drew special attention to the difference in hormone concentrations in pregnant women who had no signs or symptoms of labour. ", "Significant differences were found between the concentrations of hormone receptors in nonparturient women, whereas no difference was noted in parturient women; that is, there appeared to exist a constancy in the numbers of steroid receptors when the myometrium was clearly in labour activity, which may be explained by the postulate of Mendelson stated above \\[[@B5]\\].", "\n\nThe differences in the methodologies used to assess the concentrations of the studied hormone receptors in our study and others allowed for a corroboration of the results obtained in other analyses using different methods. ", "Thus, it is worth noting that the study and quantification of OR and PR is less laborious and costly using the methodology developed in the present study. ", "Furthermore, this methodology can be widely applied in other researches. ", "The similarities between this study \\[[@B6]\\] and the present study are the following: the patients were subjected to undergo elective caesarean sections; that is, they were not in labour; parturients were subjected to caesarean section due to obstetric requirements and distributed according to clinical criteria for the assessment of the presence or absence of labour; biopsies were obtained from the myometrium of lower uterine segment, at the upper portion of the hysterotomy incision; and we attempted to remove the whole tissue that was not myometrium. ", "However, the authors note that, despite the rigour adopted for myometrial tissue removal, there may have been some contamination with other tissues.", "\n\nIn an other study on the myometrium, Merlino et al. ", "\\[[@B7]\\] investigated the expression of the nuclear progesterone receptor in foetal membranes and decidua at term, before and after the onset of labour. ", "Their results suggested that the decidua, rather than the foetal membranes, is the direct target for the nuclear PR during pregnancy because the receptor was only detected in the decidua.", "\n\nThe limitations of this study were the small sample. ", "Our hard criteria to include only pregnant women with spontaneous labour (Group I) and to exclude the dystocia as indication of caesarean section contributed to this small sample.", "\n\nThe present study is in accordance with the literature, showing the changes in steroid receptor sites and assisting in understanding the possible mechanism of labour and how they can intervene in this situation if necessary, for example, in preterm and prolonged gestation. ", "Finally, the need for an animal model with a parturition physiology similar to the human system is also required, allowing more detailed studies to be performed *in vivo*.", "\n\n###### \n\nFull-term pregnant women in labour (Group I) and full-term pregnant women without labour (Group II) and their concentrations of myometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors.", "\n\n###### \n\n\\(a\\)  \n\n   Oestrogen Progesterone \n -------- ----------- -------------- ------ ------\n   39.9 53.3 29.8 60.0\n   39.3 55.4 30.2 48.3\n   49.0 62.7 28.9 53.8\n   23.4 56.6 29.7 62.6\n   22.9 70.0 24.6 50.4\n   25.3 23.6 25.7 22.1\n     44.1   30.4\n     37.5   33.9\n     43.6   20.4\n     44.0   25.1\n     30.0   29.5\n     36.3   37.9\n     34.2   30.1\n     32.8   22.5\n     34.4   18.3\n \n Mean 33.3 43.9 28.2 36.4\n Median 32.3 43.6 29.3 30.4\n\n###### \n\n\\(b\\)  \n\n Mann-Whitney test \n --------------------------- -----------------------\n (Group I versus Group II) \n *Z* critical = 1.96 \n Oestrogen Progesterone\n \n *Z* calculated = 1.56 *Z* calculated = 0.93\n\n###### \n\nOestrogen and progesterone receptors in the myometrium of full-term pregnant women in labour (Group I) and full-term pregnant women not in labour (Group II).", "\n\n###### \n\n\\(a\\)  \n\n   Group I Group II \n -------- --------- ---------- ------ ------\n   39.9 29.8 53.3 60.0\n   39.3 30.2 55.4 48.3\n   49.0 28.9 62.7 53.8\n   23.4 29.7 56.6 62.6\n   22.9 24.6 70.0 50.4\n   25.3 25.7 23.6 22.1\n       44.1 30.4\n       37.5 33.9\n       43.6 20.4\n       44.0 25.1\n       30.0 29.5\n       36.3 37.9\n       34.2 30.1\n       32.8 22.5\n       34.4 18.3\n \n Mean 33.3 28.2 43.9 36.4\n Median 32.3 29.3 43.6 30.4\n\n###### \n\n\\(b\\)  \n\n Spearman\\'s correlation coefficient \n ------------------------------------- -------------------------\n (Oestrogen versus progesterone) \n Group I Group II\n \n *r* calculated = 0.49 *r* calculated = 0.74\\*\n *r* ^2^ = 0.24 *r* ^2^ = 0.55\n\n###### \n\n\\(c\\)  \n\n Wilcoxon test \n --------------------------------- ---------------------------\n (Oestrogen versus progesterone) \n *Z* critical = 1.96 \n Group I Group II\n \n *Z* calculated = 0.94 *Z* calculated = 16.00\\*\n   Oestrogen \\> progesterone\n\n[^1]: Academic Editor: Antonio Farina\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.013636363636363636, 0.006896551724137931, 0.011235955056179775, 0.012578616352201259, 0.01, 0.004672897196261682, 0.015503875968992248, 0, 0.016853932584269662, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0.011583011583011582, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.025, 0, 0, 0.0045871559633027525, 0, 0.002506265664160401, 0.011764705882352941, 0.020833333333333332, 0.004366812227074236, 0.007722007722007722, 0, 0, 0, 0.00684931506849315, 0.006666666666666667, 0.01680672268907563, 0.009174311926605505, 0, 0, 0.006896551724137931, 0.0030864197530864196, 0.0035587188612099642, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02262443438914027, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0053475935828877, 0.007352941176470588, 0, 0.015444015444015444, 0.01593625498007968, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0.01639344262295082, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0.034482758620689655, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0.023255813953488372, 0.005434782608695652, 0.006578947368421052, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0.005376344086021506, 0.012145748987854251, 0, 0.005420054200542005, 0, 0, 0, 0.0017889087656529517, 0, 0, 0.006493506493506494, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.002036659877800407, 0.004098360655737705 ]

[ "Q:\n\nCan we locate a user via user's phone number in Android?", "\n\nIs it possible to locate a user via user's phone number in Android? ", "If an SMS can be sent to the user then we can also retrieve or get to know the location of the user who we sending the SMS.", "\nI mean is it possible to program the following functionality:\n\nApp sends SMS to user's phone\nApp recieves SMS at user's phone from the SMS sender\nApp gets location coordinates of the user's phone\nApp sends location coordinates to the SMS sender via SMS\n\nAlso is it possible to retrieve the required location of the user via user's phone number via any other means apart from SMS, EMAIL or CALL? ", "\nHow come Viber and VChat apps are locating user locations via their phone numbers? ", "\nHere are some apps on the app store:\n\nCell Tracker\nMobile Number & Phone Location\nMobile Number Locator\n\nSeeking for a reliable answer.", "\n\nA:\n\nYess, possible with conditions: \nIf you have your app installed in the user phone and a server app communicating with this app, and there at last one of location service providers activated in the user phone, and some horrible android permissions! ", "\nIn most of android phones there 3 location providers that can give exact location (GPS_PROVIDER 1m) or estimated (NETWORK_PROVIDER around 2-20m) and PASSIVE_PROVIDER (more in LocationManager official documentation).", "\n\n1* App sends SMS to user's phone\n\nYess, can be server app or you create an android app if you want something automated, so you can do it manually by sending SMS from your default SMS app! ", "I use Kannel: Open Source WAP and SMS Gateway and here (lot of APIs to send SMS )\n\n2* App receives SMS at user's phone from the SMS sender\n\nYess, you can get all received SMS, and you can filter them by sender phone number! ", "and do some actions when your specified sms received, basic tuto here (i do some actions according to the content of my SMS)\n\n3* App gets location coordinates of the user's phone\n\nYess, you can get actual user coordinates easily if one of location providers is activated, so you can get last known location when the user have activated one of location providers, if those disabled or the phone don't have GPS hardware you can use Open Cell Id api to get the nearest cell coordinates(10m-10Km) or Loc8 api but those not available in all around the world, and some apps use IP location apis to get the country, city and province, here the simplest way to get current user location.", "\n\n4* App sends location coordinates to the SMS sender via SMS\n\nYess, you can get sender phone number and send user location, immediately when SMS received or at specified times in the day.", "\n(Those 4 yesses for you :) )\nViber and other apps that access to users locations, identify there users by there phone numbers by obligating them to send SMS to the server app to create an account and activate the free service (Ex:VOIP) , and lunch a service that can:\n\nListen for location changes (GPS, Network or Cell Id)\nSend user location periodically(Ex: each 2 hours) or when user position changed!", "\nStock user locations in file and create a map based on daily locations\nReceive SMS and update user location\nReceive server app commend and update user location\nSend events when user go inside or outside of a defined circle \nListen for what user say and record it or open live voip call :s\nMaybe anything you think or u want to do :) ! ", "\n\nAnd your application users must accept all of that when installing it, of corse i don't gonna install apps like this because i read permissions before installing :) and permissions maybe something like that:\n<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "RECEIVE_SMS\"></uses-permission>\n<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "READ_SMS\" />\n<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "SEND_SMS\"></uses-permission>\n\n<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION\" /> \n<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "INTERNET\" />\n<-- and more if you wanna more -->\n\nThe final user will accept for something like that (those permissions of an android app u asked about):\nThis app has access to these permissions:\nYour accounts\n-create accounts and set passwords\n-find accounts on the device\n-add or remove accounts\n-use accounts on the device\n-read Google service configuration\nYour location\n-approximate location (network-based)\n-precise location (GPS and network-based)\nYour messages\n-receive text messages (SMS)\n-send SMS messages\n-edit your text messages (SMS or MMS)\n-read your text messages (SMS or MMS)\nNetwork communication\n-receive data from Internet\n-full network access\n-view Wi-Fi connections\n-view network connections\n-change network connectivity\nPhone calls\n-read phone status and identity\n-directly call phone numbers\nStorage\n-modify or delete the contents of your USB storage\nYour applications information\n-retrieve running apps\n-close other apps\n-run at startup\nBluetooth\n-pair with Bluetooth devices\n-access Bluetooth settings\nCamera\n-take pictures and videos\nOther Application UI\n-draw over other apps\nMicrophone\n-record audio\nLock screen\n-disable your screen lock\nYour social information\n-read your contacts\n-modify your contacts\n-read call log\n-write call log\n-read your social stream\n-write to your social stream\nDevelopment tools\n-read sensitive log data\nSystem tools\n-modify system settings\n-send sticky broadcast\n-test access to protected storage\nAffects battery\n-control vibration\n-prevent device from sleeping\nAudio settings\n-change your audio settings\nSync Settings\n-read sync settings\n-toggle sync on and off\n-read sync statistics\nWallpaper\n-set wallpaper\n\nA:\n\nI checked play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=and.p2l&hl=en\nThey are not locating the user's current location at all.", "\nSo based on the number itself they are judging the location of the user. ", "Like if the number starts from 240 ( in US) they they are saying location is Maryland but the person can be in California. ", "So i don't think they are getting the user's location through LocationListner of Java at all.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.016666666666666666, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0.003937007874015748, 0.009259259259259259, 0, 0.004464285714285714, 0.0029455081001472753, 0, 0.007425742574257425, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003908431044109436, 0, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0 ]

[ "Litigation Support Services\n\nOverview\n\nWhether in litigation or other dispute-based situations, legal firms and their clients may require financial modelling and data analysis support to make informed decisions. ", "We provide quantitative analytic solutions in instances where facts are disputed and answers are buried in complex collections of transactional data.", "\n\nWith years of hands-on experience in litigation support and forensic services, our specialists will deliver practical solutions to complex problems in the corporate litigation and dispute arena.", "\n\nWe help clients in this area by:\n\nProviding an initial assessment of the financial merits of a potential claim or defence;\n\nPreparing and evaluating claims for loss of profits and other damages;\n\nPreparing an ‘expert report’ for use in the dispute;\n\nHelping clients to prepare responses to experts acting for other parties; and" ]

[ 0.0047169811320754715, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "INTRODUCTION\n============\n\nA perilymph fistula (PLF) is defined as an abnormal communication between the inner ear fluids and the middle ear space ([@B1]). ", "There are a variety of causes of a PLF including iatrogenic injury, idiopathic, trauma, and congenital anomalies. ", "Among these, trauma is the third most common cause of PLFs followed by iatrogenic and idiopathic causes ([@B2]). ", "Trauma, such as head trauma, barotrauma and acoustic trauma can cause oval or round window membrane rupture by direct or indirect force to the windows, or abrupt changes of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and/or middle ear pressure.", "\n\nThe primary manifestations of traumatic PLFs are usually sensorineural hearing loss and dizziness after trauma ([@B2]). ", "In addition, tinnitus, ear fullness or hyperacusis can be accompanied. ", "Hearing loss is usually sudden or progressive after the trauma. ", "Sometimes, it may take two to three days after the trauma to notice hearing loss. ", "Dizziness usually manifests as severe vertigo, disequilibrium or positional dizziness following the trauma. ", "The severity of hearing loss and dizziness might be related with the severity of trauma. ", "For example, if total deafness and acute vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus are developed by a PLF immediately after head trauma, this means that total homeostatic disruption of inner ear has happened and the prognosis will be poor. ", "However, if hearing loss is mild or moderate and dizziness is positional, this means that the PLF is not so severe that the symptoms can be recovered with optimal management.", "\n\nTreatment of traumatic PLF remains controversial. ", "Because there are no definite diagnostic criteria for the PLF, not a few of patients suspected of having a PLF have been treated by conservative methods rather than surgical exploration; surgery is generally performed in patients with recurrent vertigo or progression of symptoms ([@B1], [@B3], [@B4]). ", "In addition, even for patients strongly suspected of having a PLF, surgery could be delayed too long that accurate surgical outcomes could not be established ([@B3]).", "\n\nThere have been several reports regarding PLFs ([@B5]-[@B7]), however, these reports included many different causes in addition to traumatic causes. ", "Glasscock et al. ([", "@B2]) reported 68 surgical cases of traumatic origin. ", "Among them, only nine cases (13%) had a definite PLF identified at surgery. ", "Hearing was improved in one case out of the nine that underwent surgical repair five days after trauma. ", "They reported that dizziness could be improved by surgical repair, but hearing improvement was not common. ", "However, they didn\\'t divide patients according to the severity of injury and time interval between surgical repair and trauma.", "\n\nThe author\\'s hypothesis is that prognosis of traumatic PLF is different according to the type and severity of injury. ", "If the head trauma is so severe that total deafness and unilateral vestibular loss were induced, the prognosis will be poor regardless of management. ", "However, if the hearing loss and dizziness is mild, usually induced by mild trauma such as barotrauma, the prognosis will be favorable once the fistula is repaired as soon as possible to prevent further leakage. ", "In addition, once the oval and round windows are torn by the pressure, it will be difficult to heal spontaneously. ", "Because both windows are continuously moving during sound conduction. ", "Also, if the patients try Valsalva maneuver or nasal blowing to clear their symptoms, these make spontaneous healing more difficult. ", "Therefore, the surgical repair for PLFs is more reliable method than conservative method. ", "In addition, the earlier the fistula repair is done, the better chances would be regarding hearing outcomes and dizziness control.", "\n\nThe purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of hearing after surgery in suspicious barotraumatic PLF according to the time interval between the trauma and the surgical repair. ", "We try to emphasize the patient selection and timing of surgical repair for better hearing outcomes.", "\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n=====================\n\nThe medical records of nine patients that underwent exploratory tympanotomy from January 2005 through December 2010, with the clinical impression of a barotraumatic PLF, were reviewed. ", "PLFs were suspected with a history of sudden or progressive sensorineural hearing loss and positional dizziness following barotrauma. ", "Sometimes, a \\'popping\\' sound was heard at the moment of a traumatic event and tinnitus and ear fullness were followed. ", "Types of barotrauma includes internal barotrauma such as heavy lifting, nasal blowing and straining and external minor trauma such as slap injury and other minor blunt trauma. ", "Severe traumatic head injury to cause the temporal bone fracture and pneumolabyrinth were not included. ", "Because these type of injury usually cause permanent deafness and total vestibular loss immediately after head trauma. ", "The patients with inner ear anomalies, iatrogenic PLFs following ear surgery were also excluded.", "\n\nPreoperatively, the types of trauma, otological symptoms and signs, time interval between the traumatic event and surgery were evaluated. ", "In addition, the operative findings, postoperative changes in symptoms including hearing levels and dizziness, were analyzed. ", "The hearing outcomes according to the time interval after surgery were compared.", "\n\nIn all cases of a suspected barotraumatic PLF, surgical exploration was performed as soon as possible by one otolaryngologist. ", "Local anesthesia was preferred but general anesthesia was provided to uncooperative patients. ", "After the tympanomeatal flap was elevated, the oval window (OW) and round window (RW) were fully exposed. ", "Both window areas were carefully inspected for a possible perilymph fistulous site. ", "Whether or not evidence of PLF was found, both windows were covered with soft tissue harvested from an endaural incision site. ", "Then, fibrin glue was applied and the tympanomeatal flap was repositioned ([Fig. ", "1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nAfter the surgery, the patients were instructed not to participate in activities that could raise the intracranial or intraabdominal pressure for a couple of days. ", "Prophylactic antibiotics were used for a week. ", "The patients returned to the outpatient clinic at one week and three weeks after hospital discharge for evaluation of symptoms. ", "Two months after the surgery, an audiometry was performed. ", "The hearing outcome was analyzed by pure tone audiometry at two months after surgery. ", "Pure tone averages in four-frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) were used to compare.", "\n\nRESULTS\n=======\n\nSubjects\n--------\n\nTen operations were performed on 9 patients for suspected barotraumatic PLFs. ", "One patient underwent surgical exploration in both ears, because bilateral hearing loss developed after severe nasal blowing. ", "There were 4 males and 5 females aged from 12 to 62 years old, with a mean age of 32.", "\n\nTypes of antecedent trauma\n--------------------------\n\nType of trauma was referred to Glasscock\\'s classification of traumatic PLF ([@B2]). ", "Traumatic PLF can be categorized into external trauma (blunt or penetrating head trauma, acoustic trauma) and internal trauma (barotrauma and trauma due to physical exertion). ", "Among the 9 patients, 4 patients were classified as the external trauma (2 blunt head trauma from minor car accidents, 2 cheek slap injury) and 5 patients (6 cases) had internal trauma. ", "Among 5 internal traumas, 3 patients had history of physical exertion such as heavy lifting (1 case) and nose blowing (3 cases) which could cause PLF by explosive route. ", "Two patients gave history of an intense Valsalva maneuver during Yoga that might cause PLF by implosive route ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nSymptoms and signs\n------------------\n\nAll patients had sudden or progressive hearing loss and dizziness. ", "The hearing loss and dizziness developed immediately after the trauma in 7 patients. ", "The others noticed their hearing loss and dizziness a few days after the trauma. ", "Six patients had severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and 3 patients showed serviceable hearing before the operation ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "But, there were no patients with total deafness. ", "The audiograms had a down sloping configuration. ", "Air bone gap, especially in low frequency (250, 500, and 1,000 Hz), was found in 5 cases ([Fig. ", "2A, B, E-G](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nRegarding vestibular symptoms, six out of 9 patients complained of recurrent vertigo related to positional changes and aural pressure. ", "The other 3 patients had disequilibrium and lightheadedness related to the traumatic events. ", "Spontaneous horizontal nystagmus to ipsilateral side was observed only in 1 patient. ", "However, there was no sign of permanent vestibular loss such as spontaneous nystagmus to contralateral side and head thrust sign.", "\n\nOn the endoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane, 1 patient showed hyperemia and blebs on both tympanic membranes. ", "The other 8 patients showed normal tympanic membrane.", "\n\nThree patients visited to the hospital without any previous treatment and underwent surgical exploration immediately due to a suspected PLF. ", "However, 6 patients received conservative treatment including bed-rest and oral corticosteroids for 4 to 15 days at other hospitals and were transferred to this hospital without any improvement in their hearing. ", "Surgical exploration was also done to these patients immediately after referral.", "\n\nIntraoperative findings\n-----------------------\n\nDuring surgery, the OW and RW were exposed and carefully searched for a possible fistulous site. ", "Out of 10 ears, the RW was suspected as a fistula site in 6 cases, the OW in 2 cases and both windows in 1 case. ", "In 1 case, there was no evidence of PLF. ", "In 6 cases with a suspected RW fistula, fluid or pus collections were found in 5 cases ([Fig. ", "3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and the RW pseudomembrane was bulging in 1 case. ", "In a suspected OW fistula, mesh like fibrous material was found around the stapes (we call it \\'fibrous web\\') in 3 cases ([Fig. ", "3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In both windows suspected, fibrous web was found around RW and OW ([Fig. ", "3B, C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In every patient, both windows were obliterated with soft tissue and fibrin glue, whether suspected fistulous sites were found or not.", "\n\nSurgical outcomes and related factors\n-------------------------------------\n\nAfter the surgical repair, changes in symptoms were evaluated by the report of subjective dizziness and audiometry.", "\n\nIn all patients, dizziness resolved immediately after the operation. ", "Regarding the hearing outcomes, every patient has improved significantly their hearing (\\>10 dB). ", "The mean hearing gain was 27.0±14.9 dB (range, 10 to 55 dB) in pure tone averages and 27.4±32.6% (range, 0 to 92%) in speech discrimination score at 2 months after the operation. ", "Serviceable hearing (pure tone averages in 4 frequencies ≤40 dB) was achieved in 5 out of 10 cases (50%) ([Fig. ", "2A, C, D, F, I](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In addition, hearing outcomes were analyzed according to the time interval between the trauma and the surgical repair (2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 37, 47 days) ([Fig. ", "4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "If surgery was done before 10 days after trauma, serviceable hearing was achieved in 4 out of 7 (57.1%) compared to 1 out of 3 (33.3%) after 10 days after trauma ([Fig. ", "5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nComplications\n-------------\n\nThere were no complications related to the surgical repair of the PLFs such as conductive hearing loss, worsening of the hearing loss, perforation of the tympanic membrane, infection and/or facial nerve injury.", "\n\nDISCUSSION\n==========\n\nThere have been few studies that considerable hearing gain had been achieved after surgical repair of PLFs. ", "Also, it has been thought to be very difficult to predict the hearing outcomes in patients with suspected PLFs. ", "Black et al. ([", "@B8]) and Goto et al. ([", "@B5]) reported that the patients showed improved hearing in only 17% and 9%, respectively. ", "Compared with previous results of hearing improvement after surgery, the results found in our cases were significantly better. ", "In this study, all 9 patients (10 cases) that underwent urgent surgery obtained a 10 to 55 dB improvement in hearing after the surgery. ", "The mean hearing gain was 27.0±14.9 dB and postoperative hearing improved to serviceable level (≤40 dB) in 5 out of 10 cases. ", "In case of Black et al. ([", "@B8]), the 6 weeks of conservative management was done before the surgery in all patients without progressive hearing loss. ", "It could mean that satisfactory result in hearing might not be expected despite of enough duration of conservative treatment. ", "And in case of Goto et al. ([", "@B5]), the duration of symptom was more than 1 month. ", "So, we focused on the timing of surgical intervention.", "\n\nWhen the surgical exploration was performed as early as less than 10 days after the trauma, serviceable hearing (≤40 dB) was obtained in 4 out of 7 cases (57.1%) compared to 1 out of 3 cases (33.3%) which were repaired after 10 days. ", "Better result for hearing improvement in this study might be due to patient\\'s selection and timing of surgical intervention.", "\n\nThe diagnosis of traumatic PLF is mostly based on the clinical findings, including the history, physical examination and audiogram. ", "Unfortunately, because there is no definite diagnostic test for PLFs, careful history taking is needed. ", "Important part of patient\\'s history is antecedent trauma and symptoms. ", "According to Glasscock\\'s classification, traumatic etiologies of PLFs can be categorized into head trauma, barotrauma, acoustic trauma and trauma caused by physical exertion ([@B2]). ", "Looking at these etiologies in more detail, it can be divided into internal and external trauma. ", "External trauma is that the origin of trauma exists outside of human body, literally. ", "So, blunt or penetrating head trauma and acoustic trauma would be the external trauma. ", "On the other hand, barotrauma and trauma caused by physical exertion would be the internal trauma. ", "Among the internal trauma, the PLFs caused by physical exertion such as weight lifting, coughing and sneezing are suspected in mechanisms that increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure transmitted to the labyrinth via the cochlear aqueduct or internal auditory canal (explosive route). ", "Whereas, the mechanisms of PLFs in barotrauma are suspected that sudden or severe changes in middle ear pressure via the Eustachian tube are theorized to direct force internally toward the inner ear, causing rupture of the OW or RW membranes (implosive route). ", "So, these kinds of trauma followed by sudden or progressive sensorineural hearing loss and dizziness should raise concern about a barotraumatic PLF ([@B2], [@B3]).", "\n\nIn our series, the audiometric configuration showed descending types (8 cases). ", "This means that the basal turn of the cochlea was more vulnerable to be damaged by a fistula because of the proximity to the OW or RW. ", "In addition, the hearing recovery was better at low frequencies. ", "In seven cases, an air-bone gap at low frequencies (250, 500, and 1,000 Hz) was found. ", "These findings might reflect the third window effects associated with a PLF ([@B6]). ", "After surgical repair, the air-bone gap of 250 Hz decreased to less than 20 dB ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nDizziness associated with a PLF is characterized by positional vertigo and disequilibrium after trauma. ", "However, there was spontaneous nystagmus of irritative type noted only in one case; this indicates that acute loss of semicircular canal function happens rarely. ", "The dizziness might be caused by transient otolithic dysfunction or perilymph perturbation. ", "After the surgical repair, all patients had resolution of the vestibular symptoms. ", "This is consistent with previous studies that reported the vestibular outcomes to be better than the hearing results and the improvement rate for dizziness was more than 80% ([@B7]-[@B9]). ", "Also, there was no sign of permanent vestibular loss including the head thrust sign or paralytic spontaneous nystagmus. ", "We excluded the patients with severe external head trauma. ", "Because if the head trauma is so severe that the cochlear and vestibular hair cells are directly and permanently damaged, the hearing and vestibular recovery cannot be expected. ", "In the barotraumatic PLF, the permanent hearing loss is considered to be caused by homeostatic abnormality from prolonged perilymph leakage not by direct traumatic force to the hair cells.", "\n\nThe management of PLF is still controversial. ", "Conventionally, if a PLF had been clinically suspected, conservative treatment has been considered as a first line management ([@B5], [@B10]). ", "Unless the serviceable hearing was obtained, or if the hearing or vestibular symptoms deteriorated rapidly with a trial of conservative therapy, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of the suspected fistula was considered ([@B3], [@B7]). ", "However, it is very difficult to predict the recovery of hearing impairment at initial or during conservative treatment ([@B11]). ", "Progression of hearing loss over time after trauma is common and it may imply that there is continuous leak of perilymph from the fistulous site. ", "Fistula repair to prevent further leakage would prevent further damage of hearing and would increase the chance of functional recovery. ", "Without repair, it would progress to deaf.", "\n\nIn our series, the types of injury are usually barotraumas and less severe head trauma. ", "There were 6 internal trauma and 4 external trauma (2 blunt head trauma from minor car accidents, 2 cheek slap injury). ", "Among the internal trauma, suspected as explosive PLF was 4 (1 heavy lifting, 3 nose blowing) and suspected as implosive PLF was 2 (intense Valsalva maneuver during Yoga). ", "These barotraumas induce perilymph leak by tearing of the RW or OW. ", "Hearing loss will begin from high frequency to progress over time. ", "Dizziness is usually positional vertigo or disequilibrium. ", "The authors think that once the RW or OW is torn, it would be difficult to heal spontaneously, because they are moving and the patients tends to blow their nose to relieve their plugging sensation. ", "If the leakage persists over time, hearing will be worse. ", "Therefore, early surgical repair would be better to prevent the leakage than conservative management.", "\n\nThe optimal indication and timing for surgical treatment remains controversial. ", "Goto et al. ([", "@B5]) suggested that urgent tympanotomy is not required because the surgical closure of a PLF had disappointing results with regard to hearing recovery; in addition, the restoration of disequilibrium was suggested to be the major purpose of the surgical procedure. ", "On the other hand, Seltzer and McCabe ([@B9]) reported that improved hearing was possible after many years of symptoms in some patients that underwent PLF repair, and therefore early exploration was suggested to be important. ", "The author\\'s hypothesis is that if a PLF is present, a persistent leak of perilymph could make hearing worse and the inner ear could be irreversibly damaged during the period of conservative management. ", "Therefore, early surgical repair is recommended and waiting several days before exploration in patients with PLF could decrease the probability of hearing recovery. ", "In addition, surgical exploration under local anesthesia has low morbidity and usually takes less than an hour.", "\n\nIn this study, the interval between the traumatic event and surgery was from 2 days to 47 days. ", "However, surgery was performed within two days of the first visit at our center. ", "Because of limited number of cases, conclusions about the optimal timing for improved hearing outcomes after trauma could not be determined. ", "However, there was a trend that showed that earlier surgical repair was associated with greater hearing gains ([Fig. ", "4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nThere were a variety of findings at the exploratory tympanotomy among the patients with a suspected PLF. ", "There was no direct evidence of fistula such as definite fistula hole in the RW or OW. ", "However, there were fluid collections in the RW niche ([Fig. ", "3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), bulging of the RW membrane (maybe pseudomembrane) and fibrous web around the RW ([Fig. ", "3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These findings suggested that the RW was the site of the PLF. ", "Fluid collection and pseudomambrane bulging can be regarded as evident findings of RW fistula. ", "Although fibrous web around the RW can be regarded as non-specific finding, it is unusual finding in normal middle ear and fibrosis can be made by long standing inflammation. ", "In addition, the findings that suggested the OW PLF were a fibrous web around the stapes ([Fig. ", "3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The types of trauma could be related to the suggested PLF site: the OW or RW ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "For the limited number of cases, there was a tendency that the OW fistula might be more vulnerable to external trauma and RW fistula to internal trauma. ", "It is because the external trauma causes hypermobility of ossicles to subluxate stapes against the OW.", "\n\nIn our series, because of limited number of cases and lacking a control group we could not exactly rule out the effects of conservative management. ", "But despite this, high rate of hearing restoration after early surgical intervention was worthy of notice in suspicious barotraumatic PLF. ", "In conclusion, sudden or progressive sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by dizziness following minor head trauma or barotrauma should raise suspicion for a traumatic PLF. ", "Early surgical exploration is recommended to improve hearing outcomes and control dizziness.", "\n\nNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.", "\n\n{#F1}\n\n{#F2}\n\n{#F3}\n\n{#F4}\n\n{#F5}\n\n###### \n\nSummary of suspected barotraumatic perilymph fistula\n\n![](", "ceo-5-74-i001)\n\nAC, air conduction; H/L, hearing loss; RW, round window; OW, oval window.", "\n\n###### \n\nCategorization of suspicious barotraumatic traumatic perilymph fistulas into its etiology and suspicious fistulous site\n\n![](", "ceo-5-74-i002)\n\nRW, round window; OW, oval window.", "\n" ]

[ 0.01282051282051282, 0.008771929824561403, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004291845493562232, 0.005747126436781609, 0.019230769230769232, 0.0165016501650165, 0.012048192771084338, 0.013245033112582781, 0.05263157894736842, 0.018518518518518517, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005376344086021506, 0, 0.004310344827586207, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0.005681818181818182, 0, 0.0058823529411764705, 0.006896551724137931, 0, 0, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006993006993006993, 0, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0.008849557522123894, 0.024390243902439025, 0.02127659574468085, 0.013157894736842105, 0.015503875968992248, 0, 0.0273972602739726, 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0.005917159763313609, 0, 0.004149377593360996, 0, 0, 0, 0.08333333333333333, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0.008064516129032258, 0, 0.034482758620689655, 0.018518518518518517, 0, 0, 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007662835249042145, 0.018404907975460124, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0, 0.023529411764705882, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0, 0, 0.010582010582010581, 0, 0, 0, 0.005319148936170213, 0.020833333333333332, 0.02097902097902098, 0.00847457627118644, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01744186046511628, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0.005050505050505051, 0, 0, 0, 0.07142857142857142, 0.007547169811320755, 0.017699115044247787, 0.00980392156862745, 0.006060606060606061, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.011494252873563218, 0.03278688524590164, 0.008771929824561403, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0.017699115044247787, 0.006535947712418301, 0, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0.005714285714285714, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0449438202247191, 0, 0.02, 0 ]

[ "Field metabolic rates of phytophagous bats: do pollination strategies of plants make life of nectar-feeders spin faster?", "\nRecently, it was argued that extrinsic factors, such as high foraging costs, lead to elevated field metabolic rates (FMR). ", "We tested this suggestion by comparing the FMR of nectar-feeding and fruit-eating bats. ", "We hypothesized that the foraging effort per energy reward is higher for nectar-feeding mammals than for fruit-eating mammals, since energy rewards at flowering plants are smaller than those at fruiting plants. ", "Using the doubly labelled water method, we measured the FMR of nectar-feeding Glossophaga commissarisi and fruit-eating Carollia brevicauda, which coexisted in the same rainforest habitat and shared the same daytime roosts. ", "Mass-specific FMR of G. commissarisi exceeded that of C. brevicauda by a factor of almost two: 5.3+/-0.6 kJ g(-1) day(-1) for G. commissarisi and 2.8+/-0.4 kJ g(-1) day(-1) for C. brevicauda. ", "Since nectar-feeding bats imbibe nectar droplets of only 193 J energy content during each flower visit, a G. commissarisi bat has to perform several 100 flower visits per night to meet its energy requirement. ", "The fruit-eating C. brevicauda, on the other hand, needs to harvest only 3-12 Piper infructescenses per night, as the energy reward per Piper equals ca. ", "6-30 kJ. We argue that the flowering and fruiting plants exert different selective forces on the foraging behaviour and energetics of pollinators and the seed dispersers, respectively. ", "A comparison between nectar-feeding and non-nectar-feeding species in various vertebrate taxa demonstrates that pollinators have elevated FMRs." ]

[ 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0.005208333333333333, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "---\n---\n@import \"colors\";\n@import \"mixins\";\n@import \"base\";\n@import \"navbar\";\n@import \"typography\";\n@import \"github\";\n" ]

[ 0.05084745762711865 ]

[ "24 October, 2018A new report from a fact-finding mission by IndustriALL Global Union has revealed the shocking exploitation of contract workers at Shell oil and gas operations in Nigeria.", "\n\nThe report documents poverty wages, abuse through contracts, fundamental rights violations, poor healthcare, health and safety hazards and miserable living conditions of Shell’s Nigerian workers.", "\n\n“We work like an elephant and eat like an ant,” said a worker at the Umuebulu-Etche Flow Station in the outskirts of Port Harcourt. “", "Our salary at (contractor) Plantgeria is about 95,000 naira (US$257). ", "In Nigeria today, you can’t do anything on that. ", "You can’t pay your children’s school fees. ", "You can’t eat well. ", "You can’t do anything better for yourself.”", "\n\nSalaries among the workers ranged from US$137 to US$257 per month, working 12 hours a day, six days a week. ", "Some workers said that they had not been paid by their contractors for several months.", "\n\nWorkers said Shell determines what they get paid by contractors, but their appeals to Shell for better wages are ignored:\n\n“If you ask for a pay rise, you will be escorted out by police. ", "And then your job is finished. ", "No more access to the yard until you sign something saying you will not join a union and you will not ask for a pay rise,” said one worker.", "\n\nShell is the biggest foreign multinational oil company in Nigeria, earning an estimated US$4 billion from Africa’s largest oil producing country in 2017.", "\n\nAt its AGM in May, Shell CEO Ben van Beurden said it is not financially viable to give contract workers permanent jobs, as they are not needed all the time. ", "But this belies what workers told IndustriALL:\n\n“They keep on classing us as ad-hoc workers but we have been working continuously for as long as 20 years while being paid less than US$150 a month,” a worker lamented.", "\n\nMany contract workers complained that their healthcare insurance provider (HMO) was inadequate:\n\n“We are exposed to all the hazards. ", "We work in the field. ", "Even with our HMO we are not doing well. ", "We are just working to die. ", "When we are sick and go to the clinic, they don’t treat you well because the money they (the contractor) give to the HMOs is too meagre.”", "\n\nPort Harcourt and the Niger Delta have seen increasing levels of violence over the years with kidnapping and armed robbery not unusual. “", "One of our colleagues, a driver, was recently shot dead in the field. ", "In the end Shell didn’t do anything. ", "The most they will do is one minute’s silence. ", "No one cares about you and your family. ", "If anything was to happen to you today, (Shell) don’t know you, it’s up to the contractor.”", "\n\nIn its code of conduct, Shell states: “We seek to work with contractors and suppliers who contribute to sustainable development and are economically, environmentally and socially responsible.”", "\n\nIndustriALL’s general secretary, Valter Sanches, said:\n\n“It’s high time that Shell lives up to its own code of conduct and ensures that the thousands of workers toiling at its operations in Nigeria are treated humanely. ", "Shell needs to stop turning a blind eye to the human rights violations of contract workers at its operations in Nigeria. ", "We urge the company to start dialogue with IndustriALL and its trade unions in Nigeria to remedy the situation, which at present is neither responsible nor sustainable.”", "\n\nIndustriALL has a global campaign to stop precarious work at Shell, where contract workers outnumber permanent workers by more than 2:1, and do the most dangerous jobs. ", "Unions estimate the ratio is even higher at Shell in Nigeria but the company does not disclose figures for individual countries.", "\n\nLast month, Shell announced it had joined forces with other energy companies to create a collaborative approach to human rights supplier assessments in the energy industry. ", "Participating companies say they recognize the importance of working with suppliers that respect human rights including the fundamental conventions of the International Labour Organization. ", "However, Shell has refused IndustriALL’s offer to work with the company to investigate the same concerns." ]

[ 0.0106951871657754, 0.005076142131979695, 0.007407407407407408, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010582010582010581, 0, 0, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.012578616352201259, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0.005154639175257732, 0.009009009009009009, 0.008264462809917356, 0.005917159763313609, 0.005847953216374269, 0.0078125, 0.005714285714285714, 0.005263157894736842, 0.01904761904761905 ]

[ "The present invention relates to a compound semiconductor device, more specifically to a compound semiconductor device of a FET structure using gallium nitride (GaN) and a method for fabricating the compound semiconductor device.", "\nGaN belongs to III-V semiconductors gallium arsenic (GaAs), which has been already practically used as an extra high-frequency transistor material, also belongs to. ", "GaN has a characteristic of high carrier mobility, as has GaAs. ", "Furthermore, the band gap of GaN is 3.4 eV, which is higher than the band gap of GaAs, which is 1.4 eV, and GaN has a characteristic that the electric field where the avalanche breakdown takes place is large.", "\nThe use of GaN, which has the characteristics of high carrier mobility and the wide bad gap, will be able to realize extra high-frequency devices which can make high voltage resistant operations. ", "Recently, electronic devices, such as HEMTs, etc., ", "including electron transit layers of the GaN of AlGaN/GaN crystal-grown on substrates of sapphire, silicon carbide (SiC), GaN, silicon (Si), etc. ", "are actively developed (refer to, e.g., Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. ", "2002-359256).", "\nFIG. ", "15 is a sectional view of one example of the conventional HEMT structure using AlGaN/GaN hetero junction.", "\nAn i-GaN buffer layer 102, an i-AlGaN spacer layer 104, an n-AlGaN electron supplying layer 106 with Si as a dopant impurity implanted in and an i-AlGaN cap layer 108 are laid on a sapphire substrate 100 one on another in the stated order.", "\nA source electrode 110 and a drain electrode 112 of Al/Ti are formed on the i-AlGaN cap layer 108 in ohmic contact with the i-AlGaN cap layer 108. ", "A gate electrode 114 of Au/Ni is formed on the i-AlGaN cap layer 108 between the source electrode 110 and the drain electrode 112 in Schottky contact with the i-AlGaN cap layer 108.", "\nThus, the HEMT including the i-GaN buffer layer 102 as the electron transit layer, and the n-AlGaN electron supplying layer 106 is constituted." ]

[ 0.008733624454148471, 0.006024096385542169, 0.03125, 0.014423076923076924, 0.005076142131979695, 0, 0.02054794520547945, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0.0055248618784530384, 0 ]

[ "The present invention relates to a new and distinctive soybean variety, designated XB04E07 which has been the result of years of careful breeding and selection as part of a soybean breeding program. ", "There are numerous steps in the development of any novel, desirable plant germplasm. ", "Plant breeding begins with the analysis and definition of problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm, the establishment of program goals, and the definition of specific breeding objectives. ", "The next step is selection of germplasm that possess the traits to meet the program goals. ", "The goal is to combine in a single variety an improved combination of desirable traits from the parental germplasm. ", "These important traits may include but are not limited to higher seed yield, resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to drought and heat, and better agronomic qualities.", "\nThese processes, which lead to the final step of marketing and distribution, can take from six to twelve years from the time the first cross is made. ", "Therefore, development of new varieties is a time-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.", "\nSoybean (Glycine max), is an important and valuable field crop. ", "Thus, a continuing goal of soybean breeders is to develop stable, high yielding soybean varieties that are agronomically sound. ", "The reasons for this goal are to maximize the amount of grain produced on the land used and to supply food for both animals and humans. ", "To accomplish this goal, the soybean breeder must select and develop soybean plants that have the traits that result in superior varieties.", "\nPioneer soybean research staff create over 500,000 potential new varieties each year. ", "Of those new varieties, less than 50 and more commonly less than 25 are actually selected for commercial use.", "\nThe soybean is the world's leading source of vegetable oil and protein meal. ", "The oil extracted from soybeans is used for cooking oil, margarine, and salad dressings. ", "Soybean oil is composed of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. ", "It has a typical composition of 11% palmitic, 4% stearic, 25% oleic, 50% linoleic and 9% linolenic fatty acid content (“Economic Implications of Modified Soybean Traits Summary Report”, Iowa Soybean Promotion Board & American Soybean Association Special Report 92S, May 1990). ", "Changes in fatty acid composition for improved oxidative stability and nutrition are also important traits. ", "Industrial uses for processed soybean oil include ingredients for paints, plastics, fibers, detergents, cosmetics, and lubricants. ", "Soybean oil may be split, inter-esterified, sulfurized, epoxidized, polymerized, ethoxylated, or cleaved. ", "Designing and producing soybean oil derivatives with improved functionality, oliochemistry, is a rapidly growing field. ", "The typical mixture of triglycerides is usually split and separated into pure fatty acids, which are then combined with petroleum-derived alcohols or acids, nitrogen, sulfonates, chlorine, or with fatty alcohols derived from fats and oils.", "\nSoybean is also used as a food source for both animals and humans. ", "Soybean is widely used as a source of protein for animal feeds for poultry, swine and cattle. ", "During processing of whole soybeans, the fibrous hull is removed and the oil is extracted. ", "The remaining soybean meal is a combination of carbohydrates and approximately 50% protein.", "\nFor human consumption soybean meal is made into soybean flour which is processed to protein concentrates used for meat extenders or specialty pet foods. ", "Production of edible protein ingredients from soybean offers a healthy, less expensive replacement for animal protein in meats as well as dairy-type products." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0036101083032490976, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This site is part of an affiliate sales network and receives compensation for sending traffic to partner sites, such as CreditCards.com. ", "This compensation may impact how and where links appear on this site. ", "This site does not include all financial companies or all available financial offers.", "\n\nA good fare to Cebu.", "\n\nITA will pull up prices of $784 while Orbitzwill price the same fares at $728.", "\n\nValid for travel from from September, 2017 – November, 2017 and from January, 2018 – February, 2018 for Sunday through Thursday departures. ", "Availability is limited. ", "Must purchase at least 90 days in advance of departure.", "\n\nNote: This fare is valid at time of posting. ", "If this post is more than two days old, the fare is most likely gone.", "\n\nThe Fare Deal Alert does not sell travel products or services. ", "We provide you with information about third-party travel suppliers’ offers, and link you to their sites. ", "The information posted by The Fare Deal Alert is valid at the time of publication. ", "However, we have no control over the suppliers, and we therefore do not warrant or guarantee that their offers will not change or become unavailable. ", "Nor are we responsible for their products, services or site content. ", "Please see their sites for their most up-to-date offer information and all applicable terms and conditions.", "\n\nStay Informed on the Latest Deals\n\nSign up to receive The Fare Deal Alert NewsLetter, to stay up to date with the latest and greatest flight deals available.", "\n\nLeave a Reply\n\nFREE NEWSLETTER SIGNUP\n\nFollow Us\n\nADVERTISER DISCLOSURE: The offers that appear are from companies from which Fare Deal Alert receives compensation. ", "This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site, including, for example, the order in which they may appear within listing categories. ", "Other factors, such as our own proprietary website rules and the likelihood of applicants' credit approval also impact how and where products appear on this site. ", "Fare Deal Alert does not include the entire universe of available financial or credit offers\n\nEDITORIAL DISCLOSURE: The editorial content on this site is not provided by the companies whose products are featured. ", "Any opinions, analyses, reviews or evaluations provided here are those of the author's alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by the Advertiser." ]

[ 0.0072992700729927005, 0, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0.0125, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006289308176100629, 0.005988023952095809, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n\nSeven Questions Employees Should Ask Before Joining a Startup - drm237\nhttp://www.personalbee.com/227/20874981\nThere are many benefits associated with joining a startup as an employee at any level (energized work atmosphere, little bureaucracy, upside), but there are many significant risks coupled with them as well. ", "Of course, a prospective employee should ask numerous questions of both his/her role and the company before joining any firm, but there is a set of questions specific to joining a startup that people should pose.", "\n======\nrrival\nI'm curious about #4 - \"What is the plan for exit strategy and its timeframe?\"", "\n- isn't that a little presumptuous for a first date?", "\n\n~~~\njoeguilmette\nseems like a question pretty much anyone related to any startup is going to\nwant to know the answer to.", "\n\nin fact, all of these questions do.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.003125, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "282 F.2d 917\nWilliam J. LUDWIG, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.AMERICAN GREETINGS CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee.", "\nNo. ", "14053.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit.", "\nOct. 12, 1960.", "\n\nIan Bruce Hart, Canton, Ohio (Harry N. Kandel, Canton, Ohio, on the brief), for appellant.", "\nRobert W. Poore, Cleveland, Ohio (James T. Lynn, Jones, Day, Cockley & Reavis, Cleveland, Ohio, on the brief), for appellee.", "\nBefore MARTIN, MILLER and WEICK, Circuit Judges.", "\nPER CURIAM.", "\n\n\n1\nAppellant brought this action in the District Court to recover treble damages for alleged violation by the appellee of Sec. ", "2 of the Clayton Act, as amended by Sec. ", "1 of the Robinson-Patman Act. ", " Sections 13 and 15, Title 15 U.S.C.A.\n\n\n2\nOn a prior appeal, a judgment for the defendant, based upon the pleadings, was reversed, the Court being of the opinion that the allegations of the complaint stated a cause of action. ", " The case was remanded to the District Court with instructions that the District Judge make findings of fact with respect to whether the appellee had or had not engaged in the practices complained of. ", " We also pointed out that certain defenses pleaded by the appellee remained open for a ruling by the District Judge in the further proceedings in the case. ", " Ludwig v. American Greetings Corp., 6 Cir., ", "264 F.2d 286. ", " A statement of the controversy will be found in the opinion in that case.", "\n\n\n3\nFollowing remand, the District Judge made detailed findings of fact, upon which judgment for the appellee was again entered, followed by this appeal.", "\n\n\n4\nThe District Judge held that the furnishing by appellee of greeting card display cabinets to its customers free of charge in the area involved, did not violate subsection (e), Sec. ", "2, of the Act, Sec. ", "13(e), Title 15 U.S.C.A. because such action did not constitute discrimination among competing purchasers as contemplated by such subsection. ", " He also found as a fact that in order to meet the competition afforded by a competitor's no-charge cabinet policy, appellee in good faith likewise began giving, and thereafter did give its customers in the territory cabinets free of charge.", "\n\n\n5\nWith respect to deliveries on consignment, being so-called guaranteed sales to customers, the District Judge held that such sales by appellee did not violate subsection (a), Sec. ", "2, of the Act, because neither the tendency nor the effect of such discrimination was to substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly or to injure, destroy or prevent competition as contemplated by subsection (a), but rather the tendency and effect was to enhance competition by duplicating inducements being offered by competitors. ", " He also found as fact that in order to meet the competition afforded by appellant's guaranteed sales policy, appellee in good faith likewise gave its customers the guaranteed sales privilege.", "\n\n\n6\nIn our opinion, the findings of fact are supported by the evidence, are not clearly erroneous, and must be accepted on this review.", "\n\n\n7\nSubsection (b) of Sec. ", "2 of the Act, Sec. ", "13(b), Title 15 U.S.C.A. provides that nothing contained in Sec. ", "2 of the Act shall prevent a seller rebutting a prima facie case made against him by showing that his lower price or the furnishing of services or facilities to any purchaser or purchasers was made in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor, or the services or facilities furnished by a competitor.", "\n\n\n8\nThe ruling of the District Judge in dismissing the action based upon the foregoing findings was a correct application of the provisions of the Act. ", " See: Federal Trade Commission v. Simplicity Pattern Co., Inc., 360 U.S. 55, 66-67, 79 S.Ct. ", "1005, 3 L.Ed.2d 1079; Standard Oil Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 340 U.S. 231, 246-251, 71 S.Ct. ", "240, 95 L.Ed. ", "239.", "\n\n\n9\nThe judgment is affirmed.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0, 0.021739130434782608, 0, 0.021739130434782608, 0.024, 0.061224489795918366, 0, 0.015503875968992248, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.013215859030837005, 0.004975124378109453, 0, 0.044444444444444446, 0, 0, 0, 0.005376344086021506, 0.05, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0, 0, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0.05263157894736842, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0, 0.021505376344086023, 0.02, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "..These results suggest that when acting in a social context, by default, individuals may perceive positive interdependence with co-acting individuals, even when cooperation is not explicitly requested..." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "= -5992 + 9013. ", "What is the thousands digit of w?", "\n3\nLet u be (-3 - 0) + -3 + 9. ", "Let m(v) = -2*v + 3. ", "Let i be m(u). ", "Let r(h) = h**3 + 3*h**2 - 3*h + 3. ", "What is the units digit of r(i)?", "\n2\nSuppose 0*c - 4*n = -3*c + 1287, -2*c - n = -847. ", "What is the tens digit of c?", "\n2\nLet m(z) = z**3 - 9*z**2 - 10*z. ", "Let v be m(10). ", "Suppose -8*w + 44 = -7*w. ", "Suppose v = 5*a - w - 61. ", "What is the tens digit of a?", "\n2\nSuppose -7*n + 14492 - 4965 = 0. ", "What is the tens digit of n?", "\n6\nSuppose -a - 2*z = z - 52, 3*a - 86 = 5*z. ", "Let x(c) = c**3 + 7*c**2 + 10*c + 8. ", "Let u be x(-6). ", "Let b = u + a. What is the tens digit of b?", "\n2\nSuppose 0 = -27*j + 33*j - 10290. ", "What is the tens digit of j?", "\n1\nSuppose -3*h - 2*q = h - 1496, 0 = 5*h + q - 1870. ", "What is the hundreds digit of h?", "\n3\nLet c = -3 + 9. ", "What is the units digit of 16*c - (8 + -5)?", "\n3\nSuppose -5*n - 3*c = -8268, -n - 2*n - c + 4964 = 0. ", "What is the thousands digit of n?", "\n1\nSuppose 0 = -2*o + 2*x + 3794, 0 = 2*o - 9*x + 12*x - 3814. ", "What is the units digit of o?", "\n1\nLet r = 3447 - -309. ", "What is the hundreds digit of r?", "\n7\nSuppose -7*q = n - 4*q - 544, q + 1081 = 2*n. ", "What is the tens digit of n?", "\n4\nSuppose 6 = -5*m + 2*m. ", "What is the units digit of 1 - (m - -2) - -21?", "\n2\nLet y = -957 + 1137. ", "What is the units digit of y?", "\n0\nLet f = 2007 + -965. ", "What is the hundreds digit of f?", "\n0\nLet f(a) = -15*a - 12. ", "Suppose -11*k = -7*k + 16. ", "What is the tens digit of f(k)?", "\n4\nSuppose -6*n + 2379 = -3315. ", "What is the tens digit of n?", "\n4\nLet f be (-2)/4 - (-1224)/(-16). ", "Let w be 3/(-15) + f/(-35). ", "Suppose u + 25 = w*u. ", "What is the tens digit of u?", "\n2\nSuppose -6*p - 5*p = 429. ", "Let d be (-11 - 1)*19/3. ", "Let z = p - d. What is the tens digit of z?", "\n3\nLet m(g) = g**3 + 7*g**2 + g - 2. ", "Let h be m(-7). ", "Let s = 22 + h. Let k(o) = -o**2 + 15*o - 8. ", "What is the units digit of k(s)?", "\n8\nSuppose 0 = -u - u + 52. ", "Let y be 24*(-1 - u/(-8)). ", "Suppose -5*n - y + 164 = 0. ", "What is the tens digit of n?", "\n2\nLet r(n) = 11*n**2 - 3*n + 50. ", "What is the hundreds digit of r(6)?", "\n4\nLet s(l) = l**3 + l**2 + l + 44. ", "Suppose 3*z - z = 0. ", "Let b be s(z). ", "Suppose -g + 5*g - b = 0. ", "What is the tens digit of g?", "\n1\nLet w(h) = 245*h - 319. ", "What is the tens digit of w(22)?", "\n7\nSuppose o + 11*o - 3108 = 0. ", "What is the units digit of o?", "\n9\nSuppose -4164 = -6*y - 528. ", "What is the units digit of y?", "\n6\nLet c be (-7 + 2 + 4)*-33. ", "Suppose -2*s - c + 385 = 0. ", "What is the tens digit of s?", "\n7\nLet a be 13/(3 + (-62)/21). ", "Suppose 5*c - a = 4*p + 106, -c + 70 = 5*p. ", "What is the units digit of c?", "\n5\nSuppose 5 - 35 = -3*y + 5*x, -3*x = -y + 14. ", "Let k(c) = 38*c**2 + 1. ", "Let t be k(2). ", "Suppose y*g = 162 + t. What is the tens digit of g?", "\n6\nWhat is the tens digit of -4 + (-112)/(-24) + 52/3?", "\n1\nLet j = -35 + -2. ", "Let h = j + 90. ", "Suppose 3*m - h = 46. ", "What is the tens digit of m?", "\n3\nSuppose 4*d + 10*p - 6*p = 1084, -2*d = 3*p - 541. ", "What is the tens digit of d?", "\n7\nLet z(g) = 3*g - 2. ", "Let q be z(2). ", "Suppose q*n = -60 + 408. ", "What is the units digit of n?", "\n7\nLet y(f) = -26*f + 380. ", "What is the units digit of y(-51)?", "\n6\nSuppose -40*y - 6424 = -38024. ", "What is the units digit of y?", "\n0\nLet w(s) be the third derivative of -s**4/24 + 3*s**3/2 + 5*s**2. ", "Let l be w(9). ", "Suppose l = -2*x + 1 + 39. ", "What is the tens digit of x?", "\n2\nSuppose 35 = 5*n + 5*c, -3*c = 5*n - 0*c - 25. ", "Suppose 5*l = 28 - 3. ", "Suppose 18 = l*j - n*j. ", "What is the units digit of j?", "\n6\nSuppose -719 = -3*i + 586. ", "What is the units digit of i?", "\n5\nWhat is the hundreds digit of ((-376)/(-5))/((-2)/60*-12)?", "\n1\nLet r = -1081 + 1546. ", "What is the hundreds digit of r?", "\n4\nSuppose 3*a + 0*a + x = 11, 3*a - 35 = 5*x. ", "Suppose -10*i + 10 = -a*i. ", "Suppose -8*y = -3*y + i*r - 147, y + 4*r - 33 = 0. ", "What is the units digit of y?", "\n9\nLet l(q) = q**2 - q + 3. ", "Let v = 3 + 9. ", "Suppose 0 = -4*g + 4*z, 2*z - v + 2 = 0. ", "What is the units digit of l(g)?", "\n3\nLet w(z) = 2*z**3 - 15*z**2 + 5*z + 3. ", "Let t be w(7). ", "Let s(d) = -d**3 - 7*d**2 + 20*d + 4. ", "What is the units digit of s(t)?", "\n8\nLet w(a) = -4*a. ", "Let v be w(-11). ", "What is the tens digit of v/11 + 7*7?", "\n5\nLet q be 1 - 0 - (-25)/5. ", "Let d be (4/q)/(6/153). ", "Let c = d + -4. ", "What is the tens digit of c?", "\n1\nLet d be (-550)/(-42) + (-2)/21. ", "Let s(n) = 4*n. ", "Let q be s(-4). ", "Let t = d - q. What is the units digit of t?", "\n9\nSuppose -5*h + 263 = -207. ", "Let c = -55 + h. What is the tens digit of c?", "\n3\nLet j = -24 - 5. ", "Let w = 32 + j. What is the units digit of w?", "\n3\nLet a be (76240/(-28))/4 + 6/(-21). ", "Let h = -361 - a. What is the tens digit of h?", "\n2\nSuppose -51*h - 27 = -60*h. ", "Suppose 312 = h*o - 192. ", "What is the tens digit of o?", "\n6\nLet w(o) = o**2 + 5*o - 7. ", "Let h be w(-7). ", "Let n(l) = l**3 + 2*l**2 + 2*l + 1. ", "Let t be n(5). ", "Suppose t = h*f - f. What is the tens digit of f?", "\n3\nLet g be ((-6)/5)/(24/60). ", "Let p(o) = -14*o + 4. ", "What is the tens digit of p(g)?", "\n4\nLet d be ((-806)/8)/((-6)/24). ", "Suppose -6*n + 269 = -d. ", "What is the hundreds digit of n?", "\n1\nSuppose -9 = -2*k + 1, 2*y + 2*k - 7194 = 0. ", "What is the thousands digit of y?", "\n3\nLet n(a) = -19*a**2 - 13*a. ", "Let j be n(3). ", "Let z = j - -364. ", "What is the units digit of z?", "\n4\nSuppose 16 - 11 = -5*m. ", "Let b(z) = -21*z. ", "What is the units digit of b(m)?", "\n1\nLet i(q) = -q**2 + 6*q - 7. ", "Let m be i(4). ", "Let f(j) = 102*j**3. ", "What is the units digit of f(m)?", "\n2\nLet s(f) = 2*f**2 - 15*f + 40. ", "What is the units digit of s(7)?", "\n3\nSuppose -4*j + 1559 = 3*c, -c + 2*j = -3*c + 1042. ", "What is the hundreds digit of c?", "\n5\nLet j be (-3)/(-7) + 39650/175. ", "Let n = -149 + j. What is the tens digit of n?", "\n7\nSuppose 9*b - 21275 = -14*b. ", "What is the tens digit of b?", "\n2\nLet j = 797 - 462. ", "What is the units digit of j?", "\n5\nSuppose -2*x - 4*g + 510 = 0, 65*x - 63*x - 513 = -g. ", "What is the units digit of x?", "\n7\nLet k = -1871 - -3426. ", "What is the thousands digit of k?", "\n1\nSuppose -103*a + 91*a = -288. ", "What is the units digit of a?", "\n4\nLet x(o) = -6 + 13 + 2 - 4 - 28*o. ", "What is the tens digit of x(-1)?", "\n3\nLet w = 680 + -225. ", "What is the hundreds digit of w?", "\n4\nLet m(p) = 2*p**3 - 2*p**2 - 9*p + 44. ", "What is the tens digit of m(7)?", "\n6\nLet f(w) = -184*w**3. ", "Let p be f(1). ", "Let a = -95 - p. What is the units digit of a?", "\n9\nSuppose 6*k - 3*k - 3683 = -4*c, 3*c = -5*k + 2765. ", "What is the hundreds digit of c?", "\n9\nSuppose -c = -z - 822, -2030 = -2*c - 3*z - 406. ", "What is the hundreds digit of c?", "\n8\nSuppose -y + 5*y = 68. ", "Let o = -17 + y. Suppose o = 6*l + 29 - 155. ", "What is the tens digit of l?", "\n2\nSuppose 6*l = -18 + 60. ", "Suppose 0 = -t + l*t - 252. ", "What is the tens digit of t?", "\n4\nLet c be (-2225)/(-30) - (-1)/(-6). ", "Let g = -30 + c. Let j = 62 - g. What is the tens digit of j?", "\n1\nSuppose m - 468 = -75. ", "Let i = -168 + m. What is the units digit of i?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of (-5 - (-5 - 32))*3?", "\n9\nLet p(z) be the first derivative of -z**4/4 + 7*z**3/3 + 4*z - 20. ", "Suppose 0*a + 3*a = 21. ", "What is the units digit of p(a)?", "\n4\nLet h(f) = 3*f + 8. ", "Let m be h(-6). ", "Let g = -11 - m. Let d(p) = -23*p - 1. ", "What is the tens digit of d(g)?", "\n2\nLet t(k) = 0 + 1 + k + 3. ", "Let j be t(-8). ", "Let z = j - -6. ", "What is the units digit of z?", "\n2\nLet m = 18 + -3. ", "What is the tens digit of m/(-2)*(-136)/51?", "\n2\nLet g = -33 + 14. ", "Let x = 72 + g. What is the units digit of x?", "\n3\nLet h(i) = -6*i - 30. ", "Let c be h(23). ", "What is the units digit of (-4)/(-22) - c/44?", "\n4\nLet y(u) = -10 + 14 + 6*u + 5*u + 18. ", "What is the units digit of y(10)?", "\n2\nLet k(t) be the first derivative of t**3 + 2*t**2 + t + 7. ", "What is the units digit of k(3)?", "\n0\nLet b(m) = 546*m**3 - m**2 + m - 1. ", "What is the hundreds digit of b(1)?", "\n5\nSuppose 4*g = -5*f + f + 1272, 3*g = 4*f + 989. ", "What is the hundreds digit of g?", "\n3\nLet f = 302 - 31. ", "What is the hundreds digit of f?", "\n2\nLet q be 235/(-4) - (-13)/(-52). ", "Let d = q - -131. ", "What is the tens digit of d?", "\n7\nLet r = -37 + 28. ", "What is the units digit of (r/6)/((-3)/4) - -61?", "\n3\nSuppose 0 = -4*a + 4*w + 232, 5*a = 2*w + 96 + 188. ", "Suppose -7*x - x + a = 0. ", "What is the units digit of x?", "\n7\nSuppose 0 = 38*d - 29*d - 11934. ", "Suppose d = 4*y + 358. ", "What is the hundreds digit of y?", "\n2\nSuppose j + 2 = 4. ", "What is the tens digit of 101/3 + j/6?", "\n3\nLet h(r) = -549*r + 9. ", "Let j be h(-4). ", "Suppose 3*y + j = 549. ", "What is the tens digit of (2/(-8))/(6/y)?", "\n2\nSuppose -5*p + 69 = -86. ", "Suppose 5*g + 16 = p. Suppose 2*z + g*a - 26 = 0, -z - 3*a = -9 - 1. ", "What is the tens digit of z?", "\n1\nLet h = 44 + -24. ", "Let q = 105 + h. What is the units digit of q?", "\n5\nLet " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.09090909090909091, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.03125, 0, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.08, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.041666666666666664, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0.043478260869565216, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Identification of host genes involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interfering RNA technology.", "\nHepatitis C virus (HCV) replication is highly dependent on host cell factors. ", "Identification of these host factors not only facilitates understanding of the biology of HCV infection but also enables the discovery of novel targets for anti-HCV therapy. ", "To identify host genes important for HCV RNA replication, we screened a library of small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets approximately 4,000 human genes in Huh7-derived EN5-3 cells harboring an HCV subgenomic replicon with the nonstructural region NS3-NS5B from the 1b-N strain. ", "Nine cellular genes that potentially regulate HCV replication were identified in this screen. ", "Silencing of these genes resulted in inhibition of HCV replication by more than 60% and exhibited minimal toxicity. ", "Knockdown of host gene expression by these siRNAs was confirmed at the RNA level and, in some instances, at the protein level. ", "The level of siRNA silencing of these host genes correlated well with inhibition of HCV. ", "These genes included those that encoded a G-protein coupled receptor (TBXA2R), a membrane protein (LTbeta), an adapter protein (TRAF2), 2 transcription factors (RelA and NFkappaB2), 2 protein kinases (MKK7 and SNARK), and 2 closely related transporter proteins (SLC12A4 and SLC12A5). ", "Of interest, some of these genes are members of the tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin signaling pathway. ", "Findings of this study may provide important information for understanding HCV replication. ", "In addition, these cellular genes may constitute a novel set of targets for HCV antiviral therapy." ]

[ 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0.0035211267605633804, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0.01056338028169014, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n187 Cal.", "App.4th 189 (2010)\nLOS ANGELES UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, Plaintiff and Respondent,\nv.\nRUDY CASASOLA et al., ", "Defendants and Appellants.", "\nNo. ", "B215465.", "\nCourt of Appeals of California, Second District, Division Four.", "\nAugust 5, 2010.", "\n*193 Callanan, Rogers & Dzida and Joseph S. Dzida for Defendants and Appellants.", "\nOliver, Sandifer & Murphy, Connie Cooke Sandifer and Cynthia C. Marian for Plaintiff and Respondent.", "\n\nOPINION\nSUZUKAWA, J.—\nRespondent Los Angeles Unified School District (the District) acquired by eminent domain property on which appellants Rudy and Teresa Casasola (the Casasolas) operated a small business. ", "The Casasolas relocated their business to a new, larger property and spent nearly $1.4 million moving their equipment and repurposing the new property to accommodate their business. ", "They then sought reimbursement from the District for their relocation expenses. ", "The District paid the Casasolas $224,252 in moving and reestablishment expenses, but rejected the remainder of the claim.", "\nThe Casasolas challenge this determination on appeal, contending that their reasonable relocation expenses are reimbursable as expenses incurred to mitigate loss of business goodwill. ", "They also challenge the trial court's award to the District of $180,000 in penalties, contending that the penalties are unconscionable. ", "We affirm.", "\n\nFACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND\n\nI. The Eminent Domain Complaint\n\nThe Casasolas are the owners of a catering truck supply company (referred to as Rudy's Wholesale or Western Catering). ", "Until October 2007, the *194 catering supply company was located on the 4600 block of Western Avenue in Los Angeles (the property or the Western Avenue property).", "\nOn April 26, 2006, the District filed an eminent domain complaint seeking to condemn the property. ", "The Casasolas answered, claiming, among other things, the right to compensation for loss of business goodwill under Code of Civil Procedure section 1263.510 (section 1263.510).", "\n\nII. ", "The Casasolas' Purchase of Replacement Property and Their Attempts to Vacate the Western Avenue Property[1]\nThe Casasolas purchased a replacement property located at 6236 South St. Andrews Place (the St. Andrews property). ", "The St. Andrews property was much larger than the Western Avenue property, and it required considerable reconfiguration to accommodate the Casasolas' catering business.[2] The Casasolas had difficulty getting the work permitted and completed, and they repeatedly requested additional time to remain on the property.", "\nOn August 30, 2007, the parties signed a stipulation giving the Casasolas until September 4 to vacate the property (the Aug. 30 stipulation). ", "In relevant part, the stipulation provided: \"Casasola may continue to occupy its premises at the Subject Property until no later than 7:00 a.m. on September 4, 2007, on the terms and conditions set forth herein. ", "District will not enforce the Order for Prejudgment Possession as against Casasola until such time and date provided that Casasola has complied with the terms of this Stipulation. ", "Casasola stipulates it will not move to stay the Order. [", "Handwritten:] However, Casasola may stay until September 9, 2007, but $5,000 shall be deducted from the compensation paid by District to Casasola for each day (or partial day) Casasola remains on the property after September 4, 2007.\"", "\nIn mid-September 2007, the Casasolas asked for additional time to vacate the property because the work on the St. Andrews property was not yet *195 complete. ", "They also asked the District to waive the $5,000 per day penalty imposed under the August 30 stipulation. ", "On September 21, 2007, district relocation program manager Mort Bernstein and relocation specialist Mary O'Toole met with the Casasolas and told them that the District would be willing to forgive the $5,000 per day penalty if the Casasolas agreed to vacate the property by September 30, 2007. ", "The Casasolas agreed to do so.", "\nOn September 28, 2007, the Casasolas contacted O'Toole and asked to remain on the property after September 30. ", "The District refused the request. ", "At the end of the day on September 28, Mr. Casasola told O'Toole that he would tell his drivers that the business would be closed as of September 30, and that O'Toole could pick up the keys to the premises on Monday, October 1. ", "O'Toole reminded the Casasolas that if they did not vacate the property by September 30, \"the verbal agreement was null and void.\"", "\nThe Casasolas did not vacate the property on September 30 as agreed. ", "They remained in possession of the property until October 10, when they finally relinquished the keys to O'Toole.", "\n\nIII. ", "The Casasolas' Mitigation Claim\n\nThe Casasolas filed a \"Statement Regarding Expense of Mitigation to Avoid Loss of Business Goodwill\" (Mitigation Statement) on May 12, 2008. ", "They asserted that a displaced property owner must take steps to mitigate losses, including loss of goodwill, pursuant to section 1263.510, and that expenses associated with mitigation are compensable as lost goodwill pursuant to People ex rel. ", "Dept. ", "of Transportation v. Muller (1984) 36 Cal.3d 263 [203 Cal.", "Rptr. ", "772, 681 P.2d 1340] (Muller) and Redevelopment Agency v. Arvey Corp. (1992) 3 Cal.", "App.4th 1357 [5 Cal.", "Rptr.2d 161] (Arvey). ", "Accordingly, the Casasolas asserted that they were entitled to be reimbursed for the following mitigation expenses incurred in connection with repurposing the St. Andrews property for their catering business (rounded to the nearest dollar):\n\n\n Professional consulting fees: $216,127\n Architectural plans (Marta Perlas): $32,465\n Electrician (Stephan Jones): $69,330\n General contractor (Isaac Carvajal): $243,900\n Survey plans (RS Engineering): $9,400\n Roofing (Millenium Roofing): $21,500\n Plumbing (K Plumbing): $96,008\n Tile (Manuel Morones): $36,069\n\n\n\n*196\n Architect (MVA Architects): $79,717\n Plumbing (Manuel Chamul Plumbing): $43,798\n Office finishing (Cristopher Gutierrez): $27,227\n Home Depot: $13,898\n Willy Garcia: $7,200\n Bruce Miller: $25,691\n Fred Taylor: $57,737\n Refrigeration (Rite MP Refrigeration): $20,000\n Elevator (Metropolitan Elevator): $15,000\n Ronald Greene: $231,198\n APS Refrigeration Cold Container: $6,789\n Martin Arana: $14,800\n Department of Water and Power License Fee: $7,354\n Engineering (R.P.M. Engineering): $2,060\n M.R.L. Development: $63,005\n Counter work (Erick Sologaitoa): $7,000\n Alarm system (ADT Security): $8,000\n __________\n TOTAL: $1,355,273[3]\nOf these alleged mitigation expenses, the Casasolas asserted that the District had paid or agreed to reimburse them for $213,252 in \"moving expenses,\" $10,000 in \"reestablishment expenses,\" and $1,000 in \"searching expenses.\" ", "Further, the District had disallowed $470,010, which it categorized as unreimbursable reestablishment expenses. ", "The Casasolas did not discuss the status of the remaining $661,011 in unpaid claims. ", "The Casasolas claimed that all expenses for which the District had not reimbursed them or agreed to reimburse them (i.e., the $470,010 in disallowed claims and the $661,011 in claims not yet acted upon) were compensable as expenses to mitigate loss of goodwill.", "\n\nIV. ", "The District's Motion to Exclude Evidence of the Casasolas' Claimed Mitigation Expenses\n\nOn June 27, 2008, the District filed a \"Motion for Determination of Admissibility/Compensability of Mitigation Expenses in an Eminent Domain Action.\" ", "The District asserted that the Casasolas should not be permitted to *197 testify at trial about the sums they had expended to reestablish their business at the St. Andrews property because (1) they were entitled under section 1263.510 to be compensated for lost goodwill, but not for \"mitigation expenses,\" i.e., expenses to mitigate loss of goodwill; (2) the Casasolas' claimed mitigation expenses exceeded by more than $1 million the potential losses they sought to mitigate;[4] (3) relocation expenses are compensable in a separate administrative proceeding, not in an eminent domain action; and (4) permitting evidence of the Casasolas' claimed mitigation expenses would be time consuming and prejudicial.", "\nThe Casasolas opposed the motion. ", "They contended (1) California law recognizes the right to recover mitigation costs in eminent domain cases; (2) mitigation costs are compensable even when mitigation efforts do not succeed; (3) the burden of proving lack of reasonableness is on the party causing the damage, not the property owner; (4) mitigation costs are reimbursable even if they exceed the damages prevented or reasonably anticipated; and (5) they were not seeking a double recovery because they were \"not seeking to recover benefits that could be awarded under the relocation regulations. ", "The School District has denied their request for reimbursement of these costs under those regulations.\"", "\nThe trial court granted the motion to exclude evidence of relocation expenses. ", "It said: \"[T]o the extent that [the Casasolas] expended extraordinary amounts of money in obtaining and having alternative locations, those are not compensable, as they are relocation expenses, not an adequate measure of goodwill, not a goodwill aspect that was contemplated in any way, shape or form by even accepting the high number of goodwill of ... $126,000. ", "Even if I deemed it to be some sort of a number that should be considered[,] ... it would have been wholly irrational for someone to spend a million dollars to save a business worth $126,000. ", "More significantly and importantly, if you look at what elements of damages are allowed to be claimed, that type of expense is separately compensable under an entirely separate statutory scheme but not under the law of eminent domain. ", "The cases on which Mr. Casasola relies really are distinguishable, because to the extent a mitigation expense is considered at all, it's really considered as part of a computation of goodwill discount, but that was not in fact done in this case, nor properly could it have been.\"", "\nThe court continued: \"Where you have a business with $125,000 of goodwill that has been operating out of a 6,000 square foot location ... it strains credulity [to spend a million plus to preserve goodwill] because ... *198 honestly, no rational economic actor would continue to operate a business. ", "If I have to spend a million-two to save $126,000, I close down and I say my goodwill is my goodwill, the value of my business is the value of my business, pay me, case closed. ", "But imagine there is a premium that can be extracted for saving what is otherwise a noneconomic decision under the guise of goodwill, I think, as a matter of law, [that] is impermissible.\"", "\nThe court concluded: \"I'm going to preclude from admission in the jury trial the evidence of just compensation set forth in exhibit 1C attached to the plaintiff's motion. ", "These expenses are not legally cognizable under [section] 126[3.]510 as a component of lost goodwill. ", "Plaintiff's own estimate of goodwill is less than $130,000. [", "The] [c]ourt finds as a matter of law, as I think the court is required to do, that a reasonably prudent person would not have undertaken expenses in excess of 1.4 million in preserving that goodwill. ", "That is subpart (a)(2) of that same section. ", "These are relocation expenses for which reimbursement may be sought under the Government Code once plaintiff's administrative remedies have been exhausted.\"", "\n\nV. The Partial Settlement Agreement\n\nOn September 19, 2008, the parties filed a \"Stipulation Re: Agreed Upon and Reserved Issues.\" ", "It provided as follows:\n(1) \"[T]he parties have agreed to settle the fair market value of the real estate for $1,259,000, the fair market value of the improvements pertaining to realty for $276,091, and the fair market value of the loss of goodwill for $63,000, for an aggregate sum of $1,598,091, upon which the Casasolas will be entitled to statutory interest and costs. ", "The sums already released from the court deposit to, or for the benefit of, the Casasolas in the amount of $1,442,557 shall be credited against the agreed upon settlement amount.\"", "\n(2) \"Three reserved issues are not included in this settlement. ", "First, [the District] specifically reserves its rights pursuant to the Stipulation Re: Possession, Removal of Items and Writ of Assistance on file herein.... [¶] ... [¶] Second, [the] Casasolas specifically reserve the right to pursue additional relocation benefits, if any, separately from this eminent domain action. ", "The sums paid to the Casasolas for relocation thus far shall not be credited against the settlement sum outlined above. [¶] ", "Third, the Casasolas reserve the right to appeal from the judgment to be entered herein, based upon the July 23, 2008 ruling by this court regarding the claims the Casasolas[] refer to as mitigation/goodwill.\"", "\n\nVI. ", "Trial and Judgment\n\nThe Casasolas filed a \"Trial Brief on Penalty Issues and Jury Trial of Penalty Issues\" on September 24, 2008. ", "They asserted that the District was *199 attempting to enforce the penalty provision in the August 30 stipulation by deducting from the Casasolas' eminent domain compensation the $5,000 per day penalty the District claimed the Casasolas owed them. ", "The Casasolas asserted that this was improper because the District had waived the penalty or was estopped to assert it, and the penalty was unreasonable, unconscionable, and contrary to public policy.", "\nThe District filed a responsive brief on September 26, 2008. ", "It contended that it had not waived the penalty, the stipulation was not unconscionable, and the issue should be tried to the court, not a jury.", "\nThe parties tried the reserved issues to the court on January 5, 2009.[5] On January 6, 2009, the court awarded the District $180,000, representing a penalty of $5,000 per day for 36 days.", "\nIn its proposed statement of decision, the court found that in August 2007, the District had advised the Casasolas that it could no longer grant any further requests to remain on the property and that it required possession by no later than September 4, 2007. ", "Following further discussion, the parties entered into a stipulation on a number of issues, including an agreement that the Casasolas would vacate the property no later than September 4, 2007. ", "As handwritten in by the Casasolas' counsel, if the Casasolas remained on the property after September 4, they would be required to pay a daily charge of $5,000, until September 9, 2007, when they were to be off the property.", "\n\"After the parties entered into the stipulation, the credible testimony of Mary O'Toole established that the defendants were unable to vacate the premises by September 4, 2007. ", "O'Toole further credibly testified that Mrs. Casasola contacted her to see if it would be possible to negotiate a further extension of the time in which defendants could move from the subject property. ", "O'Toole and Bernstein credibly testified that the defendants' request was discussed and that a decision by the District was made to allow the defendants to leave on September 30, 2007 and to allow the daily rent of $5,000 to be waived, if the defendants were moved from the subject property on or before September 30, 2007. ", "O'Toole further credibly testified that no further offers or promises were made by the District to the defendants.", "\n\"Defendants' testimony that they were promised that nothing would be done were they to vacate the premises in October was wholly not credible. *", "200 The defendants' testimony was vague. ", "Neither [was] able to recall critical events and their demeanor during their testimony supports the court's conclusion that their statements are lacking in veracity. ", "In addition, critical portions of Mr. Casasola's testimony regarding the district's actions directly contradicted his prior sworn declarations.", "\n\"Corroborating O'Toole's version of events is the District's own contemporaneous conduct to ensure the removal of defendants from the subject property. ", "In October, the Sheriff posted the Writ of Assistance on the subject property and scheduled the defendants' eviction for October 11, 2007. ", "Notified of the impending eviction, the defendants left the subject property on October 10, 2007.", "\n\"It is uncontroverted that the defendants did not vacate the subject property on or before September 30, 2007. ", "Accordingly, the condition precedent to the oral modification of the parties' stipulation, i.e., that the defendants would vacate the subject property by no later than September 30, 2007, was not met. ", "Accordingly, as the condition precedent was not satisfied, the oral modification of the parties' previous stipulation has no legal force or effect.", "\n\"Nor does the District's effort to accommodate the Casasola[s] by extending a conditional extension constitute a waiver. ", "There is nothing in the record to suggest that the District ever offered or agreed to waive the penalty, even if the Casasolas remained after September 30th.", "\n\"Under the original stipulation, the defendants were required to pay $5,000 per day for every day that they remained at the subject premises after September 4, 2007. ", "It is uncontroverted that the defendants remained on the premises for 36 days after September 4, 2007. ", "Under the express, obvious and clear terms of the parties' own agreement, the defendants are required to pay the District $180,000.", "\n\"This amount is to be deducted from any compensation paid by the District to the defendants. ", "The term `compensation,' as used by defendants' counsel's handwritten amendments to the original proposed stipulation, is not further defined or specified. ", "There can be no estoppel where the District's only conduct was to defer payment until the underlying dispute regarding the parties' obligations under the stipulation could be resolved. ", "The District's decision not to take unilateral action to deduct this amount until this matter was fully adjudicated does not operate to estop the collection of those monies at this time.", "\n\"Moreover, there is nothing in the parties' stipulation (which was, in relevant part, drafted by defendants' own attorney) that is contrary to law or *201 public policy. ", "The parties had the ability to negotiate a mutually satisfactory resolution to their business realities. ", "The Casasola[s] obtained more time in which to quit the premises. ", "In exchange, the District obtained a penalty for each day that they remained after September 4, 2007 as a financial incentive to expedite the defendants' leaving the subject property and to compensate them for the delay in the project occasioned by the Casasola[s'] decision to remain on the subject property. ", "In this case, the stipulation furthered the public interest in securing the property in a way consistent with the property rights of the owners. [¶] ... [¶]", "\n\"As there is no uncertainty as to the intent or terms of the stipulation, and in light of the credible evidence adduced at trial, judgment shall be for the District in the amount of $180,000.\"", "\nThe court overruled the Casasolas' objection to the proposed statement of decision and adopted it as the statement of decision on February 25, 2009. ", "Judgment was entered on March 16, 2009, and the Casasolas timely appealed from the judgment on April 15, 2009.", "\n\nDISCUSSION\n\nI. The Trial Court Did Not Err in Rejecting the Casasolas' Claim for Expenses Incurred to Mitigate Loss of Goodwill\n\nThe Casasolas contend that all of the expenses for which they claim reimbursement are \"relocation\" expenses—i.e., ", "expenses incurred to relocate their catering business from the Western Avenue property to the St. Andrews property. ", "They further contend that, because all the relocation expenses were incurred to avoid a loss of business goodwill, they are compensable pursuant to (1) section 1263.510, which provides that an owner of publicly acquired property shall be compensated for lost business goodwill, and (2) Muller, supra, 36 Cal.3d 263, which the Casasolas say holds that expenses incurred to avoid a loss of business goodwill are also compensable under section 1263.510.", "\nThe District disagrees, urging that (1) mitigation expenses are not compensable under section 1263.510, and (2) in any event, the Casasolas' claimed mitigation expenses are not compensable because they exceed by at least $1 million the Casasolas' business goodwill and, thus, are unreasonable as a matter of law.", "\nAs we now explain, under some circumstances expenses incurred to mitigate loss of business goodwill may be compensable under Muller and section 1263.510. ", "However, mitigation expenses are not compensable under *202 section 1263.510 if they constitute \"moving expenses\" or \"reestablishment expenses\" as defined by Government Code section 7262 (section 7262) and California Code of Regulations, title 25, section 6090. ", "Accordingly, because the Casasolas have not demonstrated that any of their claimed mitigation expenses are something other than \"moving expenses\" or \"reestablishment expenses\" as defined by those sections, the trial court correctly found that the Casasolas were not entitled to be compensated for them in this eminent domain proceeding.[6]\n\nA. The Statutory Scheme\n\n\n1. ", "The Eminent Domain Law\n\n(1) \"The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that `just compensation' must be paid to a property owner whose property is taken through the government's power of eminent domain. ", "The California Constitution provides a similar right. (", "Cal. ", "Const., ", "art. ", "I, § 19.)\" (", "Regents of University of California v. Sheily (2004) 122 Cal.", "App.4th 824, 830 [19 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 84].) ", "However, the constitutional right to just compensation has been construed not to include the loss of goodwill to a business whose property is taken by the power of eminent domain. (", "Ibid.; ", "Community Redevelopment Agency v. Abrams (1975) 15 Cal.3d 813, 831 [126 Cal.", "Rptr. ", "473, 543 P.2d 905].) ", "The Legislature thus responded to this constitutional limitation by enacting section 1263.510, which recognizes a right to compensation for loss of goodwill under some conditions. ", "In pertinent part, section 1263.510 provides:\n\"(a) The owner of a business conducted on the property taken, or on the remainder if the property is part of a larger parcel, shall be compensated for loss of goodwill if the owner proves all of the following:\n\"(1) The loss is caused by the taking of the property or the injury to the remainder.", "\n\"(2) The loss cannot reasonably be prevented by a relocation of the business or by taking steps and adopting procedures that a reasonably prudent person would take and adopt in preserving the goodwill.", "\n\"(3) Compensation for the loss will not be included in payments under Section 7262 of the Government Code.", "\n\"(4) Compensation for the loss will not be duplicated in the compensation otherwise awarded to the owner.", "\n*203 \"(b) Within the meaning of this article, `goodwill' consists of the benefits that accrue to a business as a result of its location, reputation for dependability, skill or quality, and any other circumstances resulting in probable retention of old or acquisition of new patronage.\"", "\n(2) In recommending the enactment of section 1263.510, the Law Revision Commission explained: \"Eminent domain frequently works a severe hardship on owners of businesses affected by public projects. ", "As a rule, business losses have not been compensated. ", "This rule of noncompensability has been widely criticized, and the Commission believes that some step should be taken to compensate the owner of a business taken or damaged in an eminent domain proceeding for losses he suffers. ", "But, in order to assure that losses are certain and measurable for the purposes of compensation, recovery should be allowed only for the loss of goodwill proved by the property owner and only to the extent that such loss is caused by the acquisition of the property or the injury to the remainder and cannot reasonably be prevented by a relocation of the business and by taking those steps and adopting those procedures that a reasonably prudent person would take and adopt in preserving the goodwill.\" (", "Recommendation Proposing the Eminent Domain Law (Dec. 1974) 12 Cal. ", "Law Revision Com. ", "Rep. (1974) pp. ", "1652-1653, fns. ", "omitted, quoted in Los Angeles Unified School Dist. ", "v. Pulgarin (2009) 175 Cal.", "App.4th 101, 106-107 [95 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 527] (Pulgarin).) \"", "`Because section 1263.510 adopts without change the recommendations of the California Law Revision Commission, the commission's report is entitled to great weight in construing the statute and the Legislature's intent.' (", "Redevelopment Agency v. Arvey Corp.[, supra,] 3 Cal.", "App.4th [at p.] 1363, fn. ", "6 ....)\" (Pulgarin, at p. 107.)", "\n\n2. ", "The California Relocation Assistance Act (Gov. Code, § 7260 et seq.)", "\n\n(3) The California Relocation Assistance Act, codified as Government Code section 7260 et seq., ", "provides for administrative recovery for moving and related expenses incurred by individuals and businesses displaced by public projects. (§ ", "7262; Arvey, supra, 3 Cal.", "App.4th 1357.) ", "As relevant here, section 7262 provides:\n\"(a) Whenever a program or project to be undertaken by a public entity will result in the displacement of any person, the displaced person is entitled to payment for actual moving and related expenses as the public entity determines to be reasonable and necessary, including expenses for all of the following:\n*204 \"(1) Actual and reasonable expenses in moving himself or herself, his or her family, business, or farm operation, or his or her, or his or her family's, personal property.", "\n\"(2) Actual direct losses of tangible personal property as a result of moving or discontinuing a business or farm operation, but not to exceed an amount equal to the reasonable expenses that would have been required to relocate the property, as determined by the public entity.", "\n\"(3) Actual and reasonable expenses in searching for a replacement business or farm, not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000).", "\n\"(4) Actual and reasonable expenses necessary to reestablish a displaced farm, nonprofit organization, or small business at its new site, but not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000).\"", "\n(4) The California Relocation Assistance Act represents a \"legislative recognition of the need to compensate for certain business losses which occur as a result of a condemnation action.\" (", "Baldwin Park Redevelopment Agency v. Irving (1984) 156 Cal.", "App.3d 428, 438 [202 Cal.", "Rptr. ", "792].) ", "However, such compensation is \"independent of the condemnation proceedings.\" (", "Ibid.) ", "Accordingly, the process by which a displaced property owner may seek relocation benefits is wholly administrative and \"the condemning entity is vested with substantial discretion in making determinations relative to such benefits and is required to engage in a fact-finding process to determine the claimant's eligibility and the appropriate amount of benefits. ", "Any person aggrieved by such a determination `may have the application reviewed by the public entity.' (", "Gov. Code, § 7266.)\" (", "City of Los Angeles v. Decker (1976) 61 Cal.", "App.3d 444, 451 [132 Cal.", "Rptr. ", "188].)", "\n(5) If a property owner is dissatisfied with the relocation benefits awarded by the condemning entity, he or she may seek judicial review through administrative mandamus, but may not challenge the award in an eminent domain action. \"", "In his answer [to an eminent domain complaint], [a displaced property owner] may not allege the amount of any benefits claimed to be due him under the relocation assistance law, nor may he prove such benefits at the trial of that action. ", "If he has been denied claimed relocation benefits, by adverse action of the condemning public entity upon its `review' of his claim by its governing body or other appropriate authority [citations], so that he has exhausted his administrative remedy, his only judicial remedy lies in petitioning the superior court for relief in administrative mandamus ....\" (City of Mountain View v. Superior Court (1975) 54 Cal.", "App.3d 72, 82 [126 Cal.", "Rptr. ", "358], italics omitted.)", "\n\n\n*205 3. ", "The Implementing Regulations (Cal. ", "Code Regs., ", "tit. ", "25, § 6090)\n\nThe provisions of section 7262 are expanded upon in title 25, section 6090 of the California Code of Regulations (Regulations section 6090). ", "Subdivisions (a) and (b) of Regulations section 6090 provide for reimbursement of \"moving and related expenses\" as follows:\n\"(a) ... [¶] The moving and related expenses for which claims may be filed shall include:\n\"(1) Transportation of persons and property not to exceed a distance of 50 miles from the site from which displaced, except where relocation beyond such distance of 50 miles is justified;\n\"(2) Packing, crating, unpacking and uncrating personal property;\n\"(3) Such storage of personal property, for a period generally not to exceed 12 months, as determined by the public entity to be necessary in connection with relocation;\n\"(4) Insurance of personal property while in storage or transit; and\n\"(5) The reasonable replacement value of property lost, stolen or damaged (not through the fault or negligence of the displaced person, his agent, or employee) in the process of moving, where insurance covering such loss, theft or damage is not reasonably available.", "\n\"(6) The cost of disconnecting, dismantling, removing, reassembling, reconnecting and reinstalling machinery, equipment or other personal property (including goods and inventory kept for sale) not acquired by the public entity, including connection charges imposed by public utilities for starting utility service.", "\n\"(b) ... [¶] In addition to those compensable expenses set forth in subsection (a) of this section, a displaced business concern or farm operation may file a claim for the following moving and related expenses:\n\"(1) The cost, directly related to displacement of modifying the machinery, equipment, or other personal property to adapt it to the replacement location or to utilities available at the replacement location or modifying the power supply.", "\n\"(2) Claims for payment under this subsection shall be subject to the following limitations:\n*206 \"(A) Reimbursable costs shall be reasonable in amount.", "\n\"(B) The cost could not be avoided or substantially reduced at an alternate available and suitable site to which the business was referred.", "\n\"(3) The cost of any license, permit or certification required by a displaced business concern to the extent such cost is necessary to the reestablishment of its operation at a new location.", "\n\"(4) The reasonable cost of any professional services (including but not limited to, architects', attorneys' or engineers' fees, or consultants' charges) necessary for planning the move of personal property, moving the personal property, or installation of relocated personal property at the replacement site.", "\n\"(5) Where an item of personal property which is used in connection with any business or farm operation is not moved but is replaced with a comparable item, reimbursement in an amount not to exceed (1) the replacement cost, minus any net proceeds received from its sale, or (2) the estimated cost of moving, whichever is less.\"", "\nSubdivision (i)(1) of Regulations section 6090 provides for limited reimbursement (capped at $10,000) of \"reestablishment expenses,\" as follows:\n\"(1) ... In addition to moving expense payments, a farm, nonprofit organization or small business of not more than 500 employees, shall be entitled to actual and reasonable reestablishment expenses, not to exceed $10,000.00. ", "Reestablishment expenses shall be only those expenses that are reasonable and necessary and include, but are not limited to:\n\"(A) Repairs or improvements to the replacement property as required by Federal, State or local law, code or ordinance.", "\n\"(B) Modifications to the replacement property to accommodate the business operation or make replacement structures suitable for conducting the business.", "\n\"(C) Construction and installation costs for exterior signing to advertise the business.", "\n\"(D) Provision of utilities from right-of-way to improvements on the replacement site.", "\n\"(E) Redecoration or replacement of soiled or worn surfaces at the replacement site, such as paint, panelling or carpeting.", "\n*207 \"(F) Licenses, fees and permits when not paid as part of moving expenses.", "\n\"(G) Feasibility surveys, soil testing and marketing studies.", "\n\"(H) Advertisement of replacement location.", "\n\"(I) Professional services in connection with the purchase or lease of a replacement site.", "\n\"(J) Estimated increased costs of operation during the first 2 years at the replacement site for such items as:\n\"1. ", "Lease or rental charges,\n\"2. ", "Personal or real property taxes,\n\"3. ", "Insurance premiums, and\n\"4. ", "Utility charges, excluding impact fees.", "\n\"(K) Impact fees or one-time assessments for anticipated heavy usage.", "\n\"(L) Other items essential to the reestablishment of the business.\"", "\nSubdivision (i)(2) of Regulations section 6090 identifies a \"nonexclusive\" list of reestablishment expenses for which reimbursement is not available, as follows:\n\"(2) Ineligible expenses. ", "The following is a nonexclusive listing of reestablishment expenditures not considered to be reasonable, necessary, or otherwise eligible:\n\"(A) Purchase of capital assets, such as, office furniture, filing cabinets, machinery, or trade fixtures.", "\n\"(B) Purchase of manufacturing materials, production supplies, product inventory, or other items used in the normal course of the business operation.", "\n\"(C) Interior or exterior refurbishments at the replacement site which are for aesthetic purposes, except as provided in paragraph (i)(1)(E) of this section.", "\n\"(D) Interest on money borrowed to make the move or purchase the replacement property.", "\n*208 \"(E) Payment to a part-time business in the home which does not contribute materially to the household income.\"", "\n\nB. The Limited Right to Reimbursement for Costs Incurred to Mitigate Loss of Goodwill\n\nAs the Casasolas contend, the courts have suggested that, in some circumstances, there may be a limited right to reimbursement for costs incurred to mitigate loss of goodwill. ", "The Supreme Court first addressed this issue in Muller, supra, 36 Cal.3d 263, wherein the court suggested that, in some circumstances, expenses incurred to mitigate loss of goodwill may be compensable under the eminent domain law. ", "There, the Department of Transportation acquired through eminent domain the land on which Dr. Muller, a veterinarian, had been operating a veterinary practice and hospital. ", "Dr. Muller purchased a nearby parcel of land on which he built a new veterinary hospital. (", "Id. at pp. ", "265-267.) ", "As a result of the move, Dr. Muller succeeded in maintaining his practice's patronage—\"[d]uring the months between the relocation and the trial, there was no loss of either customers or gross income\" (id. at p. 268)—but his expenses increased, thus eliminating entirely the veterinary practice's profits. ", "The court concluded that the lost profits were compensable as lost goodwill because \"the profitability which Dr. Muller lost as goodwill is consistent with the definition of goodwill used in other contexts.\" (", "Id. at p. 271.) ", "Alternatively, the increased expenses were compensable as expenses incurred to prevent loss of goodwill: \"Had a suitable location not been available in Walnut Creek, Dr. Muller might well have had to move his practice farther from Walnut Creek. ", "The result might have been the loss of some patrons.... If this hypothetical move had caused the same reduction in profits as Dr. Muller suffered from his actual move, he would have been entitled to at least partial compensation under the Department's definition of goodwill.... [I]t would be arbitrary to compensate him for the first loss but not the second.\" (", "Id. at p. 271, fn. ", "omitted.)", "\nThe Court of Appeal relied on this analysis in Arvey, supra, 3 Cal.", "App.4th 1357. ", "There, the City of Emeryville (City) acquired by eminent domain property on which Arvey Corporation (Arvey) operated an envelope business. ", "Arvey considered purchasing a relocation site, but ultimately consolidated its Emeryville facility with an existing facility in South San Francisco. (", "Id. at p. 1360.) ", "It then sought reimbursement for relocation expenses in the eminent domain action filed by the City. ", "The trial court excluded evidence of move-related expenses reimbursable under section 7262, but permitted Arvey to introduce evidence of expenses not reimbursable under that section. ", "On appeal, Arvey challenged the court's evidentiary ruling and contended that the trial court erred in instructing the jury that expenses reimbursable under section 7262 were not compensable in the present proceeding. (", "3 Cal.", "App.4th at pp. ", "1360-1361.)", "\n*209 The court cited Muller for the proposition that the eminent domain law requires the owner of property to take steps to mitigate the loss of goodwill, and that \"[s]uch mitigation expenses then become compensable as lost goodwill.\" (", "Arvey, supra, 3 Cal.", "App.4th at p. 1361.) ", "Accordingly, the court assumed (but did not decide) that the jury properly was permitted to compensate the property owner in the eminent domain proceeding for some mitigation expenses, including \"sums spent on severance pay, shutdown costs in Emeryville after the business had moved out, travel and living expenses incurred by employees brought in to help with the move, public relations costs for retaining customers, costs for shutting down and securing the Emeryville plant once it was vacated, fees paid attorneys to negotiate with the unions and fees paid a management consultant.\" (", "Id. at p. 1365.)", "\nThe court held, however, that some of Arvey's claimed relocation expenses—specifically, those reimbursable as moving or reestablishment expenses under section 7262—could not be recovered in the eminent domain proceeding. ", "In reaching this conclusion, the court specifically rejected Arvey's contention that a displaced property owner could recover relocation expenses either under the eminent domain law or the Relocation Assistance Act, so long as the expenses were recovered only once. ", "The court explained: \"At first glance, the language of subdivision (a)(3) of section 1263.510 which provides that the business owner must prove that `compensation for the loss will not be included in payments under Section 7262 of the Government Code,' seems to preclude Arvey's position. ", "On close reading, however, the language seems to leave open the possibility of payment under this section if Arvey could prove that its expenses for mitigating its goodwill loss would not be paid for relocation assistance by the agency under Government Code section 7262 even though the expenses were in fact in the category of expenses payable under section 7262. ", "This reading, however, makes no sense when the subdivision is viewed in the context of section 1263.510 as a whole and of the entire statutory scheme. [¶] ... [", "Thus], subdivision (a)(3) must be read to exclude all claims that are payable as relocation assistance under Government Code section 7262, even if for some other reason such claims will not actually be paid under section 7262.\" (", "Arvey, supra, 3 Cal.", "App.4th at pp. ", "1362-1363, italics omitted.)", "\nThe court thus held as follows: \"[I]n section 1263.510, subdivision (a)(3), the phrase `will not be included' means `is not includable.' ", "Therefore, subdivision (a)(3) requires Arvey to prove that compensation for the loss is not includable in payments under Government Code section 7262, i.e., is a type of loss not covered by section 7262.\" (", "Arvey, supra, 3 Cal.", "App.4th at p. 1364, italics omitted.)", "\n\n\n*210 C. Application of These Principles to the Present Case\n\n(6) The present case addresses an issue related to, but distinguishable from, the issue addressed in Arvey. ", "There, the court considered whether a displaced property owner could recover under the eminent domain law expenditures expressly recoverable under the Relocation Assistance Act. ", "We consider a somewhat different question: Whether a displaced property owner may recover under the eminent domain law expenditures expressly deemed nonrecoverable under the Relocation Assistance Act, either because they are part of a class of nonrecoverable expenses or because they exceed section 7262's $10,000 cap on reestablishment expenses. (§ ", "7262, subd. (", "a)(4).) ", "For the reasons that follow, we conclude that a displaced property owner may not recover under the eminent domain law expenditures deemed nonrecoverable under the Relocation Assistance Act.", "\n(7) In interpreting a statute, our primary task is to determine the Legislature's intent. \"", "Our first step is to scrutinize the words used in the statute and give them a plain and commonsense meaning. ", "If the language is clear and unambiguous, there is no need for construction or for resort to indicia of the Legislature's intent. ", "However, the literal meaning of a statute must be aligned with its purpose.\" (", "Bode v. Los Angeles Metropolitan Medical Center (2009) 174 Cal.", "App.4th 1224, 1236-1237 [94 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 890].) ", "Further, \"`[i]n testing a proposed interpretation we must also consult the text of associated and related statutes, attempting to identify the role of each in the larger system of laws.' ... ", "`\"[E]very statute should be construed with reference to all other statutes of similar subject so that each part of the law as a whole may be harmonized and given effect.\" [", "Citation.] \"... ", "Accordingly, statutes which are in pari materia should be read together and harmonized if possible.\"' [", "Citation.]\" (", "People v. Mgebrov (2008) 166 Cal.", "App.4th 579, 587 [82 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 778].)", "\n(8) Although section 1263.510 and section 7262 were codified in separate codes, they concern related subject matters. ", "That is, section 1263.510 addresses compensation for lost goodwill when property is taken by eminent domain, while section 7262 addresses compensation for relocation costs incurred as the result of an eminent domain action. ", "Moreover, section 1263.510 specifically references section 7262, stating that loss of goodwill is compensable if a displaced property owner proves, among other things, that \"[c]ompensation for the loss will not be included in payments under Section 7262 of the Government Code.\" (§ ", "1263.510, subd. (", "a)(3).) ", "Therefore, we must \"read these statutes together and harmonize them if possible.\" (", "Bode v. Los Angeles Metropolitan Medical Center, supra, 174 Cal.", "App.4th at p. 1237.)", "\n*211 (9) Section 7262 expressly provides that moving expenses incurred in connection with an eminent domain action are fully compensable so long as they are \"actual\" and \"reasonable,\" but reestablishment expenses, even if \"actual\" and \"reasonable,\" are compensable only up to $10,000. (§ ", "7262, subd. (", "a)(1), (4).) ", "Regulations section 6090 clarifies this distinction by identifying expenses properly categorized as \"moving ... expenses\" and \"reestablishment expenses.", "\"[7]\nWere we to interpret section 1263.510 as the Casasolas would have us do—i.e., ", "to mean that all actual and reasonably incurred relocation expenses are compensable, whether they are \"moving expenses\" or \"reestablishment expenses\"—we would render meaningless the carefully drawn statutory distinctions between these categories of expenses. ", "This we cannot do. (", "Bode v. Los Angeles Metropolitan Medical Center, supra, 174 Cal.", "App.4th at p. 1237.)", "\n(10) The Casasolas contend that, under Muller, we must liberally construe the goodwill recovery statute and, where its meaning is unclear, we must construe it to \"`extend the remedy.'\" ", "They are correct that Muller establishes this general principle, but the principle does not apply here, where there is an express statutory mandate to the contrary. ", "While we do not know why the Legislature chose to make moving expenses fully compensable but to cap reestablishment expenses at $10,000, we \"cannot second-guess the way in which the Legislature fashions a statutory remedy, since that is a public policy issue properly left to the Legislature.\" (", "People v. Limon (2009) 179 Cal.", "App.4th 1514, 1519 [102 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 580].) (", "11) Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court properly found that the Casasolas' moving and reestablishment expenses are not compensable in this eminent domain proceeding. ", "Because the Casasolas have not established, either in the trial court or on appeal, that any of their claimed \"mitigation\" expenses are neither \"moving\" nor \"relocation\" expenses, we affirm the trial court's order excluding evidence of those expenses in the eminent domain trial.", "\n\nII. ", "The Trial Court Did Not Err in Enforcing the Stipulated $5,000 Per Day Penalty\n\nThe Casasolas contend that the trial court erred in enforcing the $5,000 per day penalty to which the parties stipulated in the August agreement. ", "They *212 argue that the penalty is unconscionable and an evasion of the constitutional duty to pay just compensation for property taken by eminent domain. ", "They also urge that the issue should have been decided by a jury, not the court. ", "For the reasons that follow, we reject both contentions.", "\n\nA. Enforcing the Stipulated Penalty Is Not Unconscionable\n\n(12) The Casasolas assert that the stipulated $5,000 per day penalty is unenforceable because it is unconscionable and an evasion of the constitutional duty to provide just compensation for property taken by eminent domain. ", "However, while they cite some authority for the proposition that a court may refuse to enforce an unconscionable contract, they do not provide any legal authority for their assertion that the specific penalty provision at issue here is unconscionable. ", "Accordingly, we may treat the claim as forfeited. (", "People ex rel. ", "Reisig v. Acuna (2010) 182 Cal.", "App.4th 866, 879 [106 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 560] [\"`An appellate brief \"should contain a legal argument with citation of authorities on the points made. ", "If none is furnished on a particular point, the court may treat it as [forfeited], and pass it without consideration.\"'\"]; ", "People v. Stanley (1995) 10 Cal.4th 764, 793 [42 Cal.", "Rptr.2d 543, 897 P.2d 481] [same].)", "\n(13) On the merits, we find the Casasolas' unconscionability claim to be without legal or factual support. \"", "`\"[U]nconscionability has both a `procedural' and a `substantive' element,\" the former focusing on \"`oppression'\" or\" `surprise'\" due to unequal bargaining power, the latter on \"`overly harsh' \"or \"`one-sided'\" results ....'\" (D.C. v. Harvard-Westlake School (2009) 176 Cal.", "App.4th 836, 868 [98 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 300], italics omitted.) \"", "Procedural unconscionability focuses on the making of the agreement. ", "Oppression results from unequal bargaining power, when a contracting party has no meaningful choice but to accept contract terms. ", "Unfair surprise results from misleading bargaining conduct or other circumstances indicating that a party's consent was not an informed choice. [", "Citation.]\" (", "Dotson v. Amgen, Inc. (2010) 181 Cal.", "App.4th 975, 980 [104 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 341].)", "\nThe trial court's factual findings, which the Casasolas do not challenge, are inconsistent with a finding of oppression: According to the court, the parties \"had the ability to negotiate a mutually satisfactory resolution to their business realities. ", "The Casasola[s] obtained more time in which to quit the premises. ", "In exchange, the District obtained a penalty for each day that they remained after September 4, 2007 as a financial incentive to expedite the defendants' leaving the subject property and to compensate [it] for the delay in the project occasioned by the Casasola[s'] decision to remain on the *213 subject property.\" ", "There also is no evidence of unfair surprise. ", "The Casasolas were represented by counsel when the stipulation was signed, and the penalty provision was obvious on the face of the stipulation. ", "Moreover, the trial court found (and the evidence appears undisputed) that the penalty provision was handwritten into the stipulation by the Casasolas' own attorney. ", "Thus, the penalty provision is not procedurally unconscionable.", "\n\nB. The Casasolas Were Not Entitled to a Jury Trial on the Penalty Issue\n\nThe Casasolas contend finally that they were entitled to a jury trial on the issue of whether the District, by its conduct, waived the penalty provision. ", "The District disagrees, contending that in an eminent domain action, a jury decides only the amount of compensation, while the trial court determines all other issues. ", "The District is correct.", "\n(14) In an eminent domain action, a property owner \"`is entitled to a jury trial on the issue of just compensation'\"—i.e., \"", "`the fair market value of the property taken'\" (§ 1263.310). (", "Metropolitan Water Dist. ", "of So. ", "California v. Campus Crusade for Christ, Inc. (2007) 41 Cal.4th 954, 971, 965 [62 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 623, 161 P.3d 1175].) ", "However, because a condemnation suit is a special proceeding, \"`all issues except the sole issue relating to compensation[] are to be tried by the court,' including, `except those relating to compensation, the issues of fact.' (", "People v. Ricciardi [(1943)] 23 Cal.2d [390,] 402 [144 P.2d 799].)\" (", "Metropolitan Water Dist., ", "supra, at p. 971.) ", "Accordingly, \"`\"It is only the `compensation,' the `award,' which our constitution declares shall be found and fixed by a jury. ", "All other questions of fact, or of mixed fact and law, are to be tried, as in many other jurisdictions they are tried, without reference to a jury.\"' [", "Citation.]\" (", "Ibid.)", "\nThe Casasolas concede that the court tries all issues other than just compensation in an eminent domain action, but they contend that the enforceability of the penalty provision was a compensation issue because \"[t]he District was awarded a set off against the amount of compensation it pa[id]; i.e[.,] ", "the $5,000 penalty.\" ", "We do not agree. ", "As we have said, as defined by section 1263.310, just compensation is \"the fair market value of the property taken.\" ", "Because the enforceability of the stipulated penalty is irrelevant to fair market value, it is a question for the court, not a jury. ", "The trial court did not err in so concluding.", "\n\n\n*214 DISPOSITION\nThe judgment is affirmed. ", "The District shall recover its costs on appeal.", "\nWillhite, Acting P. J., and Manella, J., concurred.", "\nNOTES\n[1] In accordance with the substantial evidence standard of review, we recite the facts established by the record viewed in the light most favorable to the judgment, giving the District the benefit of every reasonable inference and resolving any conflicts in the evidence in support of the judgment. (", "612 South LLC v. Laconic Limited Partnership (2010) 184 Cal.", "App.4th 1270 [109 Cal.", "Rptr.3d 780].)", "\n[2] For example, the Casasolas contend as follows: \"The primary access to the [St. Andrews] property was over a driveway whose rights were licensed from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. ", "The license had been in existence for over a decade, but when [the Casasolas] purchased the property DWP pulled the license and would not agree to renew it. ", "As a result, [the Casasolas] had to negotiate new access from adjacent landowners, which took many months, and [the Casasolas] had to completely reconfigure the relocation site in light of the new access and the fact that the site, as reconfigured, could accommodate much less catering truck traffic from [the Casasolas'] catering truck customers.\" (", "Fn. ", "omitted.)", "\n[3] In their Mitigation Statement, the Casasolas did not provide any detail about the work done by the various contractors, consultants, or suppliers.", "\n[4] According to Robert R. Trout, the Casasolas' appraiser, the value of the business's goodwill prior to the taking was $126,000. ", "He opined that there was a total loss of goodwill as a result of the taking and relocation.", "\n[5] At the beginning of the proceeding, the court stated that the Casasolas were not entitled to a jury trial on those issues because in an eminent domain case, the only issue as to which there is the right to a jury trial is \"the question of the fair market value of the award .... All other questions of fact or mixed questions of facts [and] law are to be tried without reference to a jury.\" ", "Thus, because the reserved issues were \"collateral issue[s] regarding the enforceability of a stipulation entered into between the parties within the context of an eminent domain action,\" there was no right to a jury trial.", "\n[6] Because the issue is not before us, we do not consider whether any of the Casasolas' claimed mitigation expenses might be compensable in another proceeding, including an administrative proceeding under section 7262.", "\n[7] For example, as defined by Regulations section 6090, \"disconnecting, dismantling, removing, reassembling, reconnecting and reinstalling machinery, equipment or other personal property\" is a \"moving expense,\" while \"[m]odifications to the replacement property to accommodate the business operation\" is a \"reestablishment expense.\" ", "Similarly, \"[t]he reasonable cost of any professional services ... necessary for planning the move of personal property\" is a \"moving expense,\" while \"[p]rofessional services in connection with the purchase or lease of a replacement site\" is a \"reestablishment expense.\"", "\n" ]

[ 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0, 0.015625, 0, 0.024691358024691357, 0.0297029702970297, 0.009523809523809525, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0, 0.015873015873015872, 0, 0, 0.005681818181818182, 0, 0.008968609865470852, 0.006349206349206349, 0.006993006993006993, 0.009433962264150943, 0.016666666666666666, 0.03508771929824561, 0.008547008547008548, 0.012578616352201259, 0, 0.013651877133105802, 0.03333333333333333, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0.007692307692307693, 0.014285714285714285, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.009562154001006542, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0.0038314176245210726, 0, 0.0041841004184100415, 0.005641748942172073, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0035842293906810036, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.002680965147453083, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0.009569377990430622, 0, 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0.005, 0, 0, 0, 0.0038314176245210726, 0.0051813471502590676, 0.008888888888888889, 0.0056179775280898875, 0.0049504950495049506, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006993006993006993, 0.006535947712418301, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006369426751592357, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006666666666666667, 0.00909090909090909, 0.004081632653061225, 0.008620689655172414, 0.0044444444444444444, 0.006389776357827476, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.003816793893129771, 0.005405405405405406, 0.004464285714285714, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005555555555555556, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005025125628140704, 0, 0.0043859649122807015, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0, 0.00904977375565611, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005263157894736842, 0.03389830508474576, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0037735849056603774, 0.004329004329004329, 0.011560693641618497, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0.003278688524590164, 0.004784688995215311, 0, 0.004081632653061225, 0.0055248618784530384, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045662100456621, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.004219409282700422, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045045045045045045, 0.0037593984962406013, 0.0034602076124567475, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005813953488372093, 0, 0, 0, 0.125, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0.015873015873015872, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.015625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.015625, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0.006060606060606061, 0.010169491525423728, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0, 0.005681818181818182, 0.0035842293906810036, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0, 0, 0.0035087719298245615, 0, 0, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0.0036496350364963502, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.05405405405405406, 0, 0, 0.003968253968253968, 0, 0, 0, 0.006896551724137931, 0.006024096385542169, 0, 0.008733624454148471, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003289473684210526, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.057692307692307696, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0.006369426751592357, 0.002857142857142857, 0, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0.015037593984962405, 0, 0.0025188916876574307, 0, 0.004524886877828055, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Improving adherence in African American women with uncontrolled hypertension.", "\nAfrican American women are disproportionately affected with hypertension (HTN). ", "The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-week culturally tailored educational intervention for 60 African American women with HTN. ", "Sixty African American women, 29 to 86 years old (mean ± SD, 57.98 ± 12.37 years), with primary HTN were recruited from 4 rural locations and randomized to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, social support, adherence to an HTN regimen, and blood pressure control. ", "Culturally tailored educational classes were provided for 90 minutes once a week for 6 weeks. ", "The control group received usual care. ", "A significant favorable overall main effect (time) was found for systolic blood pressure (F3,174 = 11.104, P = .000) and diastolic blood pressure (F3,174 = 4.781, P = .003) for both groups. ", "Also for diastolic blood pressure, older age was a significant covariate (F1,56 = 6.798, P = .012). ", "Older participants tended to have increased diastolic blood pressures. ", "There were no significant differences between groups on knowledge, adherence, or attitudes. ", "The culturally tailored program used the African American church as a basis for recruitment and implementation of the program that retained all participants over a 6-month period. ", "African American women living in rural Texas who participated in a 6-week intervention program demonstrated a significant decrease in blood pressure over a 6-month period regardless of whether they were in the intervention or control group. ", "In general, they had a relatively good knowledge of HTN and reported an average level of adherence. ", "Future studies using a culturally tailored program with a larger sample size are warranted to decrease the high level of HTN-related complications in African American women." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany\n\nAnti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany comprised several laws that segregated the Jews from German society and restricted Jewish people's political, legal and civil rights. ", "Major legislative initiatives included a series of restrictive laws passed in 1933, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, and a final wave of legislation preceding Germany's entry into World War II.", "\n\n1933 Anti-Jewish Legislation\n\nEnabling Act \n\nThe Enabling Act of 1933 established the power of the Nazi-led government to pass law by decree, bypassing the approval of parliament. ", "It was passed on March 24, 1933, and effectively nullified the Weimar Constitution.", "\n\nLaw for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service \n\nIn April 1933, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, or 'Civil Service Law', as it was more commonly known when passed, established the ability of the Nazi-led government to legally remove undesirables from the civil service profession, including doctors, teachers and lawyers.", "\n\nMany local governments also did not allow for the Jews to slaughter animals by way of shechita. ", "In turn, this prevented the Jews from obeying Jewish dietary laws.", "\n\nThis Law created the basis for the years to come, the Nazi party saw \"racial purity [as a] condition of superior cultural creation and of the construction of a powerful state\". ", "The Civil Service Law was used to purify Germany through excluding Jews from key areas of the German community.", "\n\nThe Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service \"defined the three groups of undesirable civil servants and provided for their dismissal\". ", "The first group included those who had been appointed after November 9, 1918, and could be removed if they did not have the proper training, which essentially meant anyone could fit into these standards. ", "The Second group were those who were deemed by their past that they would not always support the national state. ", "The third group were any \"non-Aryans\", a way of excluding the Jews without explicitly mentioning \"Jews\" in the legislation.", "\n\nLaw Concerning Admission to the Legal Profession \n\nThis act of legislation was also passed in April as a supplement to the Civil Service Law. ", "This law specifically attacked judges and public prosecutors, and forbade any Jews from taking the bar exam which was necessary to become a lawyer.", "\n\nDecree Regarding Physicians' Services with the National Health Service \n\nThis law affected Jewish doctors, and subsequently Jewish health care. ", "Passed also in April, under this legislation, patients who saw a \"non-Aryan\" doctor would not be covered under the national health insurance, thus excluding Jewish doctors from German society.", "\n\nThe Law Against the Over-Crowding of German Schools \n\nLooking to further enact their racial agenda, the Nazi party then looked toward curbing educational policy. ", "On April 25, 1933, the Law Against the Over-Crowding of German schools was passed, and required an end to any Weimar teachings that discussed democracy and equality; it enforced the teaching of racial pride. ", "Under the guise of a concern for educational over-crowding, the Nazis limited the number of Jewish students enrolled in German schools to 1.5% of the total enrollment.", "\n\nJuly 1933 Citizenship and Denaturalization Law \n\nWith the goal of excluding Jews from having full citizenship rights an Advisory Committee for Population and Race Policy met at the ministry of the Interior to discuss a new citizenship law.", "\n\nWhat followed was the Denaturalization Law passed on July 14. ", "As a result of this law, the Reich government could take away the citizenship of those who were deemed \"undesirable\", applying to anyone who had been given citizenship by the Weimar government. ", "Those who saw the results of this law first were the \"150,000 Eastern Jews in Germany\".", "\n\nHereditary Farm Law \n\nPassed on September 29, 1933, this law \"excluded Jews from owning farmland or engaging in agriculture\". ", "It stated that only Germans could now be farmers. ", "Though the law had minimal effect due to the lack of Jews involved in farming, it still displayed a central idea of the Nazi party that, \"The Reich government passes this law to secure the peasant foundations of our blood line through instituting the ancient customs of land inheritance.\"", "\n\nEstablishment of the Chambers of Culture \n\nOn September 29, 1933, the power of Jewish Cultural life in Germany was transferred to Joseph Goebbels, who established chambers of culture that would regulate activity in their chamber of either film, theater, music, fine arts, literature, broadcasting, and the press. ", "The chambers of the different genres of culture were combined in their umbrella body, the Reich Chamber of Culture.", "\n\nEach Chamber had the power to exclude anyone involved in any of the facets of culture, even without an \"Aryan clause\" written into the legislation.", "\n\nFor example, the film chamber could dismiss any Jews involved in any stages of the film-making process including the \"producer, actors and ticket collectors in the theater\". ", "To continue involvement in the film industry one would need \"licensed permission from the chamber president\".", "\n\nAs a supplement to the Chambers of Culture, a journalism law went into effect on October 4, 1933, stating that to produce work for the press, journalists and editors would also need specific legal permission.", "\n\nNuremberg Laws \n\nAt their annual party rally held in Nuremberg in September 1935, the Nazi leaders announced a set of three new laws to further regulate and exclude Jews from German Society. ", "These laws now known as the Nuremberg laws served also as the legality for the arrests and violence against Jews that would come to follow.", "\n\nThe Nuremberg Laws were created in response to Hitler's demands for broadened citizenship laws that could \"underpin the more specifically racial-biological anti-Jewish legislation\". ", "They were made to reflect the party principles that had been outlined in the points Hitler had written in the National Socialist Program in 1920.", "\n\nReich Flag Law \n\nThe first law stated that black, red, and white were the national colors, and the swastika flag was the new national flag. ", "Per Hitler, this law was stated to \"re-pay a debt of gratitude to the movement, under whose symbol Germany regained its freedom, in that they fulfill a significant item on the program of the National Socialist Party\".", "\n\nCitizenship Law \n\nThe second law established who would be granted full political and civic rights and those who would now be deprived of them. ", "Citizenship rights were to be granted to those who were citizens of the Reich, which were only individuals classified as being of \"German or related blood\"; therefore, Jews were excluded from any and all citizenship rights, becoming Staatsangehörige or state subjects, essentially making them foreigners in their own country.", "\n\nThe Law for the Defense of German Blood and Honour \n\nThe third law forbade marriage and any intimate extramarital relations between Jews and non-Jewish German citizens (the latter denigrated as race disgrace). ", "While the law left existing marriages between non-Jewish and Jewish spouses untouched it banned future such marriages and declared marriages by a non-Jewish German and a Jewish spouse of any nationality contracted after that ban outside of Germany invalid within the Reich. ", "Furthermore, Jews were forbidden from employing non-Jewish German women or women of equivalent racist ranking who were under 45 years old. ", "Under this law, Jews were also forbidden to raise the then German Flag.", "\n\nSupplemental Decrees \n\nAfter the Nuremberg Laws were passed, the Nazi Party also introduced supplemental decrees to the Citizenship Law and the Law for the Defense of German Blood and Honor to specifically outline who would be considered a Jew, and who would therefore be subject to the Nuremberg Laws' exclusionary principles\n\nOn November 14, the first supplemental decree was published, and it defined a Jew as anyone who had at least three full Jewish grandparents, had two Jewish grandparents and were married to a Jewish spouse, belonged to the Jewish religion at the time of the law's publication, or who entered the Jewish religion later. ", "Mischlinge or the German legal term for those who had \"Aryan\" and Jewish blood, were also clarified to determine who would be considered a Jew. ", "Those that were three-quarters Jewish were Jewish as well as those who were half Jewish due to their choice of becoming Jewish via a Jewish spouse or through joining a Jewish community.", "\n\nA second decree was published on December 21, which stated that Jewish professors, teachers, physicians, lawyers, and notaries who were state employees, and had previously been exempt, would now be dismissed from their positions.", "\n\nIn the first decree to the Law for the Defense of German Blood and Honour, it stated which specific marriages were forbidden. ", "These included those \"between a Jew and a Mischling with one Jewish Grandparent, between a Mischling and another each with one Jewish Grandparent, and between a Mischling with two Jewish Grandparents and a German\".", "\n\nPost-Nuremberg legislation\n\n1936 Berlin Olympic Games \n\nIn order to prevent foreign criticism of Germany, and keep the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, and to prevent economic loss and a blow to German prestige, Hitler eased the anti-Jewish stance momentarily.", "\n\nOn December 3, all anti-Jewish signs near the site of the winter Olympics were to be removed. ", "Though, normally, this would be considered a sign of good faith, it was, actually, only an action taken to ensure the Olympics would be held in Germany by preventing international disapproval.", "\n\nSecond wave of anti-Jewish legislation, 1938-1939 \nAfter the Nuremberg Legislations and during 1938, \"worse than total expropriation was to follow: Economic harassment and even violence would henceforward be used to force the Jews to flee the Reich or the newly annexed Austria. ", "Within the second phase, 1938 was the fateful turning point.\"", "\n\nDe-certification of all Jewish physicians, who were no longer allowed to treat German patients and forced to refer to themselves as \"sick-treaters\", a degrading term.", "\n\nMarch 22, 1938 Jews were forbidden from owning private gardens\n\nJuly 27, 1938 A decree was enforced stating all streets in Germany needed to be renamed\n\nNovember 12, 1938 Jews were forbidden from attending movie theaters, the opera, and concerts.", "\n\nNovember 15, 1938 Jewish children barred from attending public school\n\nThe essential robbery of Jews became legal when Jews were forced on February 21, 1939, to turn in all jewelry of any value.", "\n\nIn this second wave of legislation, Jews were ostracized even further from society, with strict restrictions living under \"a German regime that practiced terror and arbitrariness through the judicial system\".", "\n\nKristallnacht \n\nKristallnacht or the night of broken glass refers to Jewish pogroms that took place on November 9 and 10 in 1938. ", "This wave of violence took place in Germany, annexed Austria, and areas of Sudetenland that were occupied by Germany. ", "These attacks took place against synagogues, Jewish-owned businesses, other Jewish establishments, and Jewish citizens in general. ", "More than 100 Jewish people were killed, and thousands more were arrested during these attacks. ", "This was also the start to organized Nazi attacks, and the mass incarceration of the Jews. ", "There was no clear Instructions on how to execute the violence, so it caused the destroying of Jewish property and inhumane treatment of Jewish people. ", "The rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria, and Sudetenland. ", "Firefighters were instructed to prevent the flames from spreading to nearby buildings, but not to put the fires out on the burning synagogues. ", "There was also about 7,500 Jewish-owned establishments that were robbed and had their windows shattered. ", "About 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and moved to prisons or concentration camps as well. ", "What made things even worse is the fact that the German government placed full blame on the Jews for the destructions and imposed a fine of one billion Reichsmark on the Jewish community. ", "The government also took away all insurance payouts that would go to the Jews whose businesses or homes got destroyed. ", "This left the Jews responsible for the costs of all repairs.", "\n\nThis led to many decrees in the weeks following. ", "These decrees were designed to deprive the Jews of their means of living. ", "Many of these movements enforced \"Aryanization\" policy. ", "This meant that Jewish-owned property would be transferred to \"Aryan\" ownership for a fraction of the true value. ", "To further remove the Jews from public life, the Jews were expelled from attending German schools, and they lost the right to have a driver's license or own an automobile.", "\n\nKristallnacht was essentially the turning point in the Nazis persecution of the Jewish people. ", "It expanded the efforts to remove Jews from German economic and social life. ", "It also led to forced emigration of Jews in order to make Germany free of Jews. ", "Kristallnacht and the events that followed it showed the Nazi regime that they could count on the nationwide support of anti-Semitism from the general public. ", "This showed the Nazis that they could easily move forward with their plans without much opposition from within Germany. ", "The events of Kristallnacht foreshadowed the Holocaust and mass murders of the Jewish people.", "\n\nTimeline of anti-Jewish legislation and movements in pre-war Germany \nDuring the pre-war Nazi Germany period (1933-1939) there were more than 400 laws, decrees and other type of regulations whose goal was to restrict Jews. ", "There were national laws that affected all Jews, and there were state, region and city laws that only affected the Jews in those communities. ", "These regulations limited Jews in all aspects of life, both public and private. ", "Almost all people were involved in the support of anti-Jewish legislation in some way, whether it was passive agreement or direct involvement. ", "These movements were all part of Hitler's intention and plan to rid the planet of all Jewish population. ", "Hitler's plan started with stripping all Jews of their basic rights, before moving into the mass murdering of the Jewish people.", "\n\n1933: \n March 24: The Enabling Act was passed. ", "This act brought an end to democracy in Germany. ", "It gave the government the power to govern legislation by decree. ", "It gave them the legal right to make discriminatory policies in the future. ", "Hitler was allowed to make laws that violated the Weimar constitution without the approval of the parliament or Reich President with this act.", "\n March 31: A decree in the city of Berlin said that Jewish doctors were suspended from the city's charity services.", "\n April 7: There was a law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. ", "This law removed all Jews from government service. ", "Also, a law on the Admission to the Legal Profession forbade the Jews from taking the bar exam, which is a test needed to become a lawyer.", "\n April 25: A law about over-crowded Schools and Universities limited the number of Jewish students allowed in public schools. ", "The number of Jewish students in one school was limited to no more than 5% of the total population. ", "The schools helped to spread Hitler's ideas. ", "They taught students to love Hitler and to obey the authorities.", "\n May 12: Bernheim petition to League of Nations, based on article 147 of the 1922 German–Polish Accord on East Silesia, leads to vacation of most racial provisions of Nazi laws in German Upper Silesia.", "\n July 14: The Jewish people lost citizenship because of a De-Naturalization Law. ", "This took citizenship away from all Jews, including naturalized Jews and \"undesirables\".", "\n October 4: The Jews were banned from editorial posts by a law on editors. ", "\n1934: \n The national Nazi Government forbade Jewish actors from performing on the stage or the screen.", "\n Local governments issued regulations on other aspects of Jewish life. ", "The Jews were no longer allowed to slaughter animals, which prevented them from obeying Jewish dietary laws. ", "\n1935:\n May 21: A law was made on military participation that outlawed Jewish officers in the army. ", "\n September 15: The Nazi leaders announced the Nuremberg Laws. ", "These laws excluded Jews from having citizenship and marrying or having sex with German women. ", "They also deprived the Jews of basic political rights such as voting rights, and the right to hold a political office. ", "The laws also restricted the Jews economically by making it difficult for the Jews to make money. ", "The laws reduced Jewish-owned businesses in Germany by two-thirds. ", "Under the Mischling Test, individuals were considered Jewish if they had at least one Jewish grandparent.", "\n1936: \n January 11: An Executive Order on the Reich Tax Law forbade Jews from being tax consultants.", "\n April 3: Jews were banned from the veterinary profession by the Reich Veterinarians Law.", "\n October 15: The Reich Ministry of Education banned Jewish teachers from teaching in public schools. ", "\n1937: \n April 9: The mayor of Berlin ordered public schools not to allow Jewish students to attend until further notice. ", "\n July 15: Racial laws applied in German Upper Silesia following the automatic lapse of article 147 of the 1922 German–Polish Accord on East Silesia.", "\n\n1938: \n January 5: Jews were forbidden from changing their names by a law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names. ", "\n February 5: A law on the profession of auctioneering banned Jews from being auctioneers.", "\n March 18: Jewish gun merchants were excluded by the Gun Law.", "\n April 22: Jewish-owned businesses were forbidden from changing their names. ", "This decree's goal was to protect against the camouflage of Jewish businesses. ", "\n April 26: All Jewish people were required to report all property worth over 5,000 reichsmarks. ", "\n July 11: The Reich Ministry of the Interior banned the Jews from health spas.", "\n August 17: An executive order on the law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names required all Jews to adopt names. ", "For women, \"Sara\"; and for men, \"Israel\".", "\n October 5: The Reich Interior Ministry invalidated all German passports owned by Jews. ", "The only way for the Jews to get their passports validated was to get a J stamped on it. ", "\n November 12: All Jewish-owned businesses were closed by a decree on the Exclusion of Jews from German Economic Life. ", "\n November 15: All Jewish children were expelled from public schools by the Reich Ministry of Education. ", "\n November 28: The freedom of movement was highly restricted by the Reich Interior Ministry.", "\n November 29: The Reich Interior Ministry also forbade Jews from keeping carrier pigeons.", "\n December 14: An executive order on the Law on the Organization of National Work canceled all state contracts held with Jewish-owned firms in order to attack the Jews economically. ", "\n December 21: A law banned all Jews from being in the occupation of midwives. ", "\n1939: \n February 21: A decree required Jews to surrender precious metals and stones that they owned.", "\n August 1: The president of the German Lottery outlawed the sale of lottery tickets to Jews.", "\n September 1: World War Two started when Germany invaded Poland.", "\n\nReferences\nThis article incorporates text from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and has been released under the GFDL.", "\n\nExternal links\nUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Anti-Jewish Legislation in Pre-War Germany\nImages of a 1938 German \"J\" Jewish passport from www.passportland.com\nList of \"Jewish\" first names (August 1938) - Name List\n\nLeg\n*\nCategory:Antisemitism in Germany\nCategory:Disabilities (Jewish) in Europe\nCategory:Repealed German legislation" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0, 0.00684931506849315, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008298755186721992, 0, 0.005154639175257732, 0, 0, 0, 0.003472222222222222, 0.009523809523809525, 0.008695652173913044, 0.006711409395973154, 0, 0, 0.004761904761904762, 0, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0.013793103448275862, 0.007042253521126761, 0.004608294930875576, 0, 0.003076923076923077, 0, 0.0036496350364963502, 0, 0, 0.0030864197530864196, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003937007874015748, 0, 0, 0.0035587188612099642, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007575757575757576, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0.005319148936170213, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0.0078125, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.015625, 0.0049504950495049506, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00980392156862745, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0.008403361344537815, 0.009523809523809525, 0.010869565217391304, 0.011111111111111112, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0.015267175572519083, 0.005813953488372093 ]

[ "X-AXIS: In a graph, this is one of two lines that intersect at a right angle at their origins. ", "This is the \"horizontal-axis\" that runs from right and left. ", "In most analyses, the variable measured on the X-axis is consider to be the independent variable.", "\n\nAn elasticity alternative in which changes in one variable (usually price) do NOT cause any changes in another variable (usually quantity). ", "Quantity is totally, completely unresponsive to price. ", "Quantity just does not change, regardless of changes in price. ", "This characterization of elasticity is most important for the price elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of supply. ", "Perfectly inelastic is one of five elasticity alternatives. ", "The other four are perfectly elastic, relatively elastic, relatively inelastic, and unit elastic.", "\n\nAlternative\n\nCoefficient (E)\n\nPerfectly Elastic\n\nE = ∞\n\nRelatively Elastic\n\n1 &lt E &lt ∞\n\nUnit Elastic\n\nE = 1\n\nRelatively Inelastic\n\n0 &lt E &lt 1\n\nPerfectly Inelastic\n\nE = 0\n\nPerfectly inelastic means that quantity demanded or supplied is unaffected by any change in price. ", "In other words, the quantity is essentially fixed. ", "It does not matter how much price changes, quantity does not budge. ", "Perfectly inelastic demand occurs when buyers have no choice in the consumption of a good. ", "In an analogous way, perfectly inelastic supply occurs when sellers have no choice in the production of a good.", "\n\nThe chart to the right displays the five alternatives based on the coefficient of elasticity (E). ", "In technical shorthand (often used by economists who never learned technical longhand), the coefficient of elasticity (E) is given as:\n\nTwo Curves\n\nPerfectly Inelastic Curves\n\nPerfectly inelastic demand and supply are best understood and more easily seen with pictures. ", "The blank graph presented here is ready and willing to display a perfectly inelastic demand curve and a perfectly inelastic supply curve. ", "All that is needed is a click of the corresponding buttons labeled [Demand] and [Supply].", "\n\nBoth of the curves revealed by the button-clicking are vertical, perfectly vertical. ", "This is THE hallmark characteristic of perfectly inelastic. ", "Being perfectly vertical means that, for a given quantity, buyers buy or sellers sell at any price. ", "The focus, in other words, of a perfectly inelastic curve is on quantity not price. ", "For any price the quantity remains absolutely fixed.", "\n\nHow about a couple of examples to illustrate perfectly inelastic demand and perfectly inelastic supply? ", "However, before providing examples, note that use of the word \"perfectly\" means that the perfectly inelastic alternative is an ideal, theoretical extreme that does NOT actually exist in the real world. ", "As such, the hypothetical, fabricated examples provided here are intended only to illustrate.", "\n\nDemand\n\nThe key for perfectly inelastic demand is that the good has absolutely no substitutes-in-consumption. ", "Buyers either buy the good, or they do not buy the good. ", "They CANNOT switch to a substitute good if the price gets a little too high. ", "The hypothetical, fabricated example offered for purposes of illustration is Double-Dot Caramel Nougat Clusters. ", "But this is just candy, with thousands of substitutes. ", "How can it have a perfectly inelastic demand?", "\n\nA ha! ", "There is a trick to this candy. ", "And that trick is the secret ingredient treplobivium HG9. ", "Every Double-Dot Caramel Nougat Cluster contains an ample amount of treplobivium HG9, which not only enhances the flavor of each Caramel Nougat Cluster, but is also THE most addictive substance known to humanity. ", "One taste of treplobivium HG9 and a consumer is hooked for life. ", "Eat it and live. ", "Do not eat and die. ", "Double-Dot Caramel Nougat Clusters are THE ONLY source of treplobivium HG9. ", "This means Double-Dot Caramel Nougat Clusters have NO substitutes-in-consumption. ", "Period!", "\n\nAs such, the demand for Double-Dot Caramel Nougat Clusters is perfectly inelastic. ", "The Double-Dot company can charge any price it wants for Caramel Nougat Clusters, and buyers pay because they have no choice. ", "Raise the price, lower the price, it matters not, the addicted buyers continue to buy. ", "If this sound a lot like illegal narcotics, cigarettes, and alcohol, it should? ", "While these goods do not have perfectly inelastic demand, their addictiveness and lack of substitutes does indicate that they come as close to perfectly inelastic demand as almost any real world goods.", "\n\nSupply\n\nThe key for perfectly elastic supply is that the good has absolutely no substitutes-in-production. ", "In particular, the quantity of the good is fixed. ", "It is not possible to switch resources back and forth between the production of any other goods. ", "Typically this good has been produced already and there is no way to produce any more. ", "In this case, production cost and thus price do not affect quantity. ", "One hypothetical example of perfectly inelastic supply is the macrame tapestries created by the now deceased artist Katerina Kopolov (who was struck dead by a meteor at the age of 26). ", "Katerina created three works of art in total, one depicting the biblical Last Supper, another depicting the last voyage of Columbus, and the third depicting the last television episode of M*A*S*H. Because Katerina is no longer among the living, the quantity of these macrame tapestries is fixed. ", "Production cost and price cannot affect quantity. ", "Quantity is fixed.", "\n\nAs such, the supply of Katerina Kopolov macrame tapestries is perfectly inelastic. ", "Buyers can offer one dollar or one billion dollars, and it does not matter, only three Katerina Kopolov macrame tapestries exist. ", "If buyers should lower the price they offer for Katerina Kopolov macrame tapestries, then three Katerina Kopolov macrame tapestries are supplied. ", "If buyers should raise the price they offer for Katerina Kopolov macrame tapestries, then three Katerina Kopolov macrame tapestries are supplied.", "\n\nToday, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet wanting to buy either several magazines on computer software or a T-shirt commemorating the second moon landing. ", "Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.", "Your Complete Scope" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009389671361502348, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0.0033783783783783786, 0, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0.007692307692307693, 0.0136986301369863, 0.013793103448275862, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Design\n\nRaptor Engineering provides a full design service, helping you to achieve the design and solution that you want. ", "We have an in-house design team equipped with the latest computer aided design (CAD) Solidworks software for 2D and 3D modelling.", "\n\nWe help our customers design and prototype the overall solution, addressing any complexities in a step-by-step design process with inbuilt quality controls.", "\n\nUsing Solidworks we can easily share design documentation with the customer’s own design team, enabling for faster iterations and faster delivery of an agreed final design." ]

[ 0, 0.015503875968992248, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nPyplot : add spacing between figure and colorbar\n\nHow can I add spacing between an image and the colorbar, so that the axis labels don't get covered ?", "\nFor the moment, I have the following:\n from astropy.wcs import WCS\n from astropy.io import fits\n from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filename\n import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\n image_file = get_pkg_data_filename('tutorials/FITS-images/HorseHead.fits')\n hdu = fits.open(image_file)[0]\n wcs = WCS(hdu.header)\n\n ax = plt.subplot(projection=wcs)\n im = ax.imshow(hdu.data, origin='lower')\n\n overlay = ax.get_coords_overlay('galactic')\n overlay.grid(color='black', ls='dotted')\n overlay[0].set_axislabel('Galactic Longitude')\n overlay[1].set_axislabel('Galactic Latitude')\n\n plt.colorbar(im)\n plt.show()\n\nBut here, the colorbar overlaps with the right-hand side axis. ", "How do I get the elements in this figure to be properly spaced ?", "\nI know about subplots_adjust(), but I'd rather not have to fumble trying to find the width of each element. ", "Is there a function that would do the opposite of plt.tight_layout() ?", "\n\nA:\n\nThere are lots of ways you could achieve this. ", "I think the simplest way is simply to pass a pad value to your call to plt.colorbar.", "\nHere is a MWE with no padding between image and colorbar:\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\nimport numpy as np\n\nfig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)\n\nim = ax.imshow(np.random.rand(10,10))\nfig.colorbar(im)\n\nAnd if we pass a pad argument:\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\nimport numpy as np\n\nfig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)\n\nim = ax.imshow(np.random.rand(10,10))\nfig.colorbar(im, pad=0.25)\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0.004470938897168405, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to select multiple rows OR columns keeping \"Ctrl\" pressed in DataGridView object\n\nI adapted code from this question\nhow to select rows on cellclick, and also columns on column header click?", "\ninto a single DataGridView1_MouseDown event, because it wasn't allowing me to select multiple rows/columns using the \"Ctrl\" key.", "\nWhat I'd like, is to be able to select multiple rows (clicking on the row indices) OR multiple columns (clicking on the column headers) by selecting one after another keeping \"Ctrl\" pressed. ", "I can easily get one OR the other (setting DataGridViewSelectionMode to either FullRowSelect or ColumnHeaderSelect) and then Ctrl works, but I'd like to have both functionality on the same DataGridView.", "\nI feel like I'm so close. ", " Thanks for any tips!", "\nPrivate Sub DataGridView1_MouseDown(ByVal sender As System.", "Object, ByVal e As System.", "Windows.", "Forms.", "MouseEventArgs) Handles DataGridView1.MouseDown\n Dim ht As DataGridView.", "HitTestInfo\n ht = Me.", "DataGridView1.HitTest(e.", "X, e.Y)\n If e.Button = Windows.", "Forms.", "MouseButtons.", "Left Then\n If ht.", "Type = DataGridViewHitTestType.", "Cell Then\n DataGridView1.SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.", "CellSelect\n DataGridView1.CurrentCell.", "Selected = True\n ElseIf ht.", "Type = DataGridViewHitTestType.", "RowHeader Then\n DataGridView1.SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.", "FullRowSelect\n DataGridView1.Rows(ht.", "RowIndex).Selected = True\n ElseIf ht.", "Type = DataGridViewHitTestType.", "ColumnHeader Then\n DataGridView1.SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.", "ColumnHeaderSelect\n DataGridView1.Columns(ht.", "ColumnIndex).Selected = True\n End If\n End If\nEnd Sub\n\nA:\n\nI don't think you will be able to use both full column and full row select at the same time, after running some tests, it seems that changing the datagridview's selectionmode is what's clearing selections when it is set...so unless you were to create a custom control that inherits from datagridview and overrides some of its internals, you may be stuck. ", "Without doing that, the only way I was able to achieve the behavior you're trying to get was to leave the datagridview cellselection mode set to cellselect, and do the row/column selections manually:\nPrivate Sub DataGridView1_MouseDown(ByVal sender As System.", "Object, ByVal e As System.", "Windows.", "Forms.", "MouseEventArgs) _\n Handles DataGridView1.MouseDown\n If e.Button = Windows.", "Forms.", "MouseButtons.", "Left Then\n Dim ht As DataGridView.", "HitTestInfo = Me.", "DataGridView1.HitTest(e.", "X, e.Y)\n If Not My.", "Computer.", "Keyboard.", "CtrlKeyDown Then DataGridView1.ClearSelection()\n If ht.", "Type = DataGridViewHitTestType.", "Cell Then\n DataGridView1.CurrentCell.", "Selected = True\n ElseIf ht.", "Type = DataGridViewHitTestType.", "RowHeader Then\n For i As Integer = 0 To DataGridView1.Columns.", "Count - 1\n DataGridView1.Rows(ht.", "RowIndex).Cells(i).Selected = True\n Next\n ElseIf ht.", "Type = DataGridViewHitTestType.", "ColumnHeader Then\n For i As Integer = 0 To DataGridView1.Rows.", "Count - 1\n DataGridView1.Rows(i).Cells(ht.", "ColumnIndex).Selected = True\n Next\n End If\n End If\nEnd Sub\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003861003861003861, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0.0125, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Corrigendum:\n\nAfter publication, a reader notified the authors that there are taxonomic and spelling issues throughout the article and in the reference list. ", "The following changes have been made:\n\nA type species has been identified for Fimbriaphyllia, which is now assigned to the family Euphylliidae. ", "The publication is now registered with ZooBank (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBF69BA0-897E-4AC8-ADF5-4A7115CA1353).", "\n\nPhysogyra lichtensteni, Plerogyra sinuosa , Plesiastrea versipora and Blastomussa wellsi are now classified as incertae sedis.", "\n\nFaviidae is no longer listed as a family. ", "Favia rotumana is now referred to as Dipsastraea rotumana, and Favia pallida is now referred to as Dipsastraea pallida.", "\n\nThe taxonomic status of Trachyphyllidae \\[sic\\] has been removed.", "\n\nF. divisa is now described as having both flabello-meandroid and phacelo-flabellate or phaceloid corallite structures.", "\n\nEuphyllidae is now spelled as Euphylliidae, Caryophyllidae as Caryophylliidae and Lobophyllidae as Lobophylliidae.", "\n\nFigure 4 has been revised to reflect that Fimbriaphyllia divisa and Fimbriaphyllia yaeyamaensis both have phaceloid and phacelo-flabellate colony formations. ", "These traits are indicated in the branches next to the photos of F. divisa and F. yaeyamaensis in the dichotomous tree based on phylogeny.", "\n\nNew Figures 5 and 6 have been added to demonstrate the skeletal morphology of the Euphyllia and Fimbriaphyllia species, and height comparisons between F. paradivisa and E. glabrescens, respectively.", "\n\nNew references Alloiteau (1952), Benzoni et al. (", "2014), Budd et al. (", "2012), Chamisso & Eysenhardt (1821), Chen et al. (", "2005), Eyal et al. (", "2016), Gravier (1910), Griffith (2004), Huang et al. (", "2016), Khodzori et al. (", "2015), Matthai (1928), Mazlan et al. (", "2005), Milne & Haime (1848), Milne & Haime (1849), Milne & Haime (1851), Nemenzo (1960), Oken (1815-1816), Pillai (1971), Quoy & Gaimard (1824), Richards & Beger (2013), Saville-Kent (1893), Shirai (1980), Spengler (1799), Umbgrove (1939), Veron & Hodgson (1989), Veron (1990), Veron (1992) and Wells (1971) have been added.", "\n\nAdditionally, titles for references Akmal et al. (", "2017), Arrigoni et al. (", "2016) and Veron & Pichon (1980) have been corrected.", "\n\nLastly, the authors have added an Acknowledgements and a New Species Registration section and have updated the Funding statement, Grant Disclosure, and Field Study Permissions to reflect additional work done post-publication.", "\n\nPublisher's Note: On July 8, 2018, this corrigendum was published with an incomplete LSID. ", "This has now been corrected to: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBF69BA0-897E-4AC8-ADF5-4A7115CA1353\n" ]

[ 0, 0.006944444444444444, 0.02702702702702703, 0.0078125, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0.005, 0.0392156862745098, 0, 0.04, 0, 0.05555555555555555, 0.041666666666666664, 0, 0.046296296296296294, 0, 0.041666666666666664, 0.019230769230769232, 0.00881057268722467, 0.010752688172043012, 0.02127659574468085 ]

[ "8/14/16\n\nA few minutes before church, so what is happening in the minors? ", "Who's cookin\"?Tom Szapucki is always happening. ", "Cooking with gas, as they say. ", "He had his worst start of 2016, with 3 hits, 4 walks, 2 HBP in 5 innings, but he struck out 10 more. ", "We should all have such bad starts. ", "86 Ks in 52 innings. ", "That's 15 K's per 9 innings, folks. ", "Phew! ", "His fellow teammate and phenomenal starter Harol Gonzalez approves.", "Nabil Crismatt is a promising dude, too. ", "The 21 year old hard thrower tossed 7 shutout, 2 hit innings last night while striking out 10. ", "Ad him to the list of strong young lower minors Mets starting pitchers.", "Desmond Lindsay has been on base 36 of 76 times this year, and had a 7 RBI night the other day. ", "Sweet. ", "His teammate Peter Alonso was tearing it up before he broke his finger, leaving all Mets fans in Alonso Mourning.", "IF Phil Evans has played the opposite corner from Dom Smith in AA this year. ", "Dom is back up to .295, but the under-the-radar Evans has hit .313/.349/.460 this year, and the radar is starting to pick him up.", "Tomas Nido has almost identical numbers as a catcher in St Lucie as Evans has in AA. ", "When you watch \"Runners Gone Wild\" against Mets catchers in Queens, it is good to know that not only can Nido hit, but he has thrown out slightly over 40% of would-be base stealers in 2015 and 2016.Josh Smoker has tightened up his control, with just 3 walks in July and August. ", "My guess is he is definitely a September call up, along with his righty AAA pen counterpart Paul Sewald.", "On a very sad note, Jeff McNeil bulked up this off season and I was expecting great things of him after a really fine 2015, but after 3 games in April, he needed abdominal hernia surgery, and it has now wiped out his whole season. ", "The one blessing is it gave Phil Evans more playing time to shine, and he has. ", "Come back 100% in 2017, Mr. McNeil.", "Off I go - have a great day, everyone." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0.02654867256637168, 0.025974025974025976, 0.007751937984496124, 0.03529411764705882, 0.0035971223021582736, 0.009615384615384616, 0.004329004329004329, 0.012658227848101266, 0.02857142857142857, 0 ]

[ "Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)\n\nClick to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)\n\nClick to share on Flipboard (Opens in new window)\n\nClick to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)\n\nClick to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)\n\nSad news out of Iowa tonight.", "\n\nKeith Murphy of WHO in Des Moines passes along word that Hall of Fame pitcher Bob Feller has died at the age of 92 in a Cleveland hospice.", "\n\nFeller was hospitalized with pneumonia a few weeks ago and previously fought a battle against leukemia.", "\n\nBorn November 3, 1918 in the small farming town of Van Meter, Iowa, he went on to win 266 games over 18 big league seasons — all with the Indians. ", "He retired after 1956 with a sparkling 3.25 career ERA and 2,581 strikeouts.", "\n\nFeller struck out 348 batters and turned in a 2.18 ERA over 371.1 innings in 1946, his finest season.", "\n\nBut it was in 1941 that he made his biggest splash.", "\n\nAfter Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, Feller became the first Major League Baseball player to enlist in the armed forces, joining the NAVY and serving as a gun captain on the USS Alabama during what might have been the prime of his baseball career. ", "He served four years and was decorated with five campaign ribbons and eight stars throughout his military service.", "\n\nFeller was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962." ]

[ 0.010638297872340425, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0.006711409395973154, 0.013157894736842105, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0.01195219123505976, 0, 0.01639344262295082 ]

[ "Contour propagation for lung tumor delineation in 4D-CT using tensor-product surface of uniform and non-uniform closed cubic B-splines.", "\nA robust contour propagation method is proposed to help physicians delineate lung tumors on all phase images of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) by only manually delineating the contours on a reference phase. ", "The proposed method models the trajectory surface swept by a contour in a respiratory cycle as a tensor-product surface of two closed cubic B-spline curves: a non-uniform B-spline curve which models the contour and a uniform B-spline curve which models the trajectory of a point on the contour. ", "The surface is treated as a deformable entity, and is optimized from an initial surface by moving its control vertices such that the sum of the intensity similarities between the sampling points on the manually delineated contour and their corresponding ones on different phases is maximized. ", "The initial surface is constructed by fitting the manually delineated contour on the reference phase with a closed B-spline curve. ", "In this way, the proposed method can focus the registration on the contour instead of the entire image to prevent the deformation of the contour from being smoothed by its surrounding tissues, and greatly reduce the time consumption while keeping the accuracy of the contour propagation as well as the temporal consistency of the estimated respiratory motions across all phases in 4D-CT. ", "Eighteen 4D-CT cases with 235 gross tumor volume (GTV) contours on the maximal inhale phase and 209 GTV contours on the maximal exhale phase are manually delineated slice by slice. ", "The maximal inhale phase is used as the reference phase, which provides the initial contours. ", "On the maximal exhale phase, the Jaccard similarity coefficient between the propagated GTV and the manually delineated GTV is 0.881 [Formula: see text] 0.026, and the Hausdorff distance is 3.07 [Formula: see text] 1.08 mm. ", "The time for propagating the GTV to all phases is 5.55 [Formula: see text] 6.21 min. ", "The results are better than those of the fast adaptive stochastic gradient descent B-spline method, the 3D + t B-spline method and the diffeomorphic demons method. ", "The proposed method is useful for helping physicians delineate target volumes efficiently and accurately." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0055248618784530384, 0, 0.017937219730941704, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0 ]

[ "Department stores in Japan\n\nDepartment stores in Japan are referred to as hyakkaten () or depāto (デパート), an alteration of the English term.", "\n\nHistory\nThe first \"modern-style\" department store in Japan was Mitsukoshi, founded in 1904, which has its root as a kimono store called Echigoya from 1673. ", "When the roots are considered, however, Matsuzakaya has an even longer history, dated from 1611. ", "The kimono store changed to a department store in 1910. ", "In 1924, Matsuzakaya store in Ginza allowed street shoes to be worn indoors, something innovative at the time. ", "These former kimono shop department stores dominated the market in its earlier history. ", "They sold, or rather displayed, luxurious products, which contributed to their sophisticated atmospheres. ", "Another origin of the Japanese department store is from railway companies. ", "There have been many private railway operators in the nation and, from the 1920s, they started to build department stores directly linked to their lines' termini. ", "Seibu and Hankyu are the typical examples of this type.", "\n\nCharacteristics\nSince the 1980s Japanese department stores have been facing fierce competition from supermarkets and convenience stores, gradually losing their presence. ", "Still, depāto are bastions of several aspects of cultural conservatism in the country. ", "Gift certificates for prestigious department stores are frequently given as formal presents in Japan.", "\n\nDepartment stores in Japan generally offer a wide range of services and can include foreign exchange, travel reservations, ticket sales for local concerts and other events.", "\n\nDue to their roots, many Japanese department stores have sections devoted to kimono and Japanese traditional crafts, including pottery and lacquerware. ", "The basement level usually has a grocery and food court, and on the roof may be garden and aquatic supplies, pets, and a children's play area.", "\n\nOperating hours are usually from 10am to 8pm. ", "Some close one day a week, often a weekday.", "\n\nFamous department stores in Japan\nSome stores also have branches outside Japan.", "\n\nNationwide\n\n (fashion oriented, nationwide)\n\n (hobby oriented, nationwide)\n\nHokkaido\n - part of Istean Mitsukoshi Holdings\n\nKantō region\n\n (fashion oriented)\n (fashion oriented)\n\n109 (Ichi-maru-kyū) (fashion oriented, Kantō region)\n (hobby oriented, nationwide)\n\nChūbu region\n\nKansai region\n\nChūgoku, Shikoku region\n\nKyūshū region\n - part of Istean Mitsukoshi Holdings\n\nDefunct in Japan\n\n (from France)\n (from Sogo & Seibu)\n\nSee also\n\nReferences \n\n*\nCategory:Retailing in Japan" ]

[ 0.007194244604316547, 0.012658227848101266, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0, 0, 0.03636363636363636, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014613778705636743 ]

[ "The rest of Dish’s winning bids — worth about $5.5 billion — were done under a partnership with John Muleta, the former chief of the F.C.C.’s wireless telecommunications bureau, and relied on similar loopholes. ", "As a former government official, Mr. Muleta has no real revenue and so meets the test of being a “very small business.”", "\n\nNo doubt Dish and its lawyers are high-fiving one another and patting themselves on the back. ", "By giving 15 percent ownership to Doyon at a discounted price, they have saved themselves billions.", "\n\nTaxpayers, however, may want to ponder what those billions of dollars could have done in the coffers of the government — a new bridge or money for schools, perhaps.", "\n\nAnd this is not a new issue. ", "The “small firm” exemption has been known to be a problem at the F.C.C. for years. ", "The Congressional Budget Office in 2005 wrote a report highlighting how it was used mostly by big companies instead of the small firms it was intended to benefit. ", "Moreover, the office found that the program provided little benefit to consumers while providing a big discount to companies. ", "In a 2006 auction, AT&T successfully used this structure with Doyon.", "\n\nThe latest spectrum auction — and the attention it has received — may finally push the F.C.C. to eliminate this exemption. ", "It’s hard to see how it benefits anyone but Dish and Doyon, which both get free money for not doing much of anything.", "\n\nMore immediately, the agency should take a good, hard look at the structure of the arrangement.", "\n\nDoyon has control over Northstar in its day-to-day operations, but the agreements also require Northstar to be managed according to a five-year business plan agreed to by Dish in advance. ", "No deviation in any material respect can be made without Dish’s approval through a subsidiary. ", "Not only that, but there is a multipage list of things that Northstar cannot do without approval from Dish’s subsidiary. ", "These restrictions include spending more than $2 million, selling the company or paying any executive more than $200,000.", "\n\nGiven Dish’s significant control and the requirement that Doyon cannot deviate from a previously agreed business plan, Dish is having its discount but still getting effective control. ", "Though the F.C.C. may have passed on this issue without scrutiny before, this instance would seem to provide grounds to challenge the exemption claim." ]

[ 0.009478672985781991, 0.008403361344537815, 0, 0.010101010101010102, 0, 0, 0, 0.006134969325153374, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0.008, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0 ]

[ "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2013, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.", "\n *\n * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\n * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as\n * published by the Free Software Foundation. ", " Oracle designates this\n * particular file as subject to the \"Classpath\" exception as provided\n * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.", "\n *\n * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT\n * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the GNU General Public License\n * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that\n * accompanied this code).", "\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version\n * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,\n * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.", "\n *\n * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA\n * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any\n * questions.", "\n */\n\npackage com.sun.javafx.font.freetype;\n\nimport com.sun.javafx.font.", "Disposer;\nimport com.sun.javafx.font.", "FontResource;\nimport com.sun.javafx.font.", "FontStrikeDesc;\nimport com.sun.javafx.font.", "PrismFontFactory;\nimport com.sun.javafx.font.", "PrismFontFile;\nimport com.sun.javafx.font.", "PrismFontStrike;\nimport com.sun.javafx.geom.", "Path2D;\nimport com.sun.javafx.geom.transform.", "BaseTransform;\n\nclass FTFontFile extends PrismFontFile {\n /*\n * Font files can be accessed by several threads. ", "In general this are the\n * JFX thread (measuring) and the Prism thread (rendering). ", "But, if a Text\n * node is no connected a Scene it can be used in any user thread, thus a\n * font resource can be accessed from any thread.", "\n *\n * Freetype resources are not thread safe. ", "In this implementation each font\n * resources has its own FT_Face and FT_Library, and while it permits these\n * resources be used by different threads it does not allow concurrent access.", "\n * This is enforced by converging all operation (from FTFontStrike and\n * FTGlyph) to this object and synchronizing the access to the native\n * resources using the same lock.", "\n */\n private long library;\n private long face;\n private FTDisposer disposer;\n\n FTFontFile(String name, String filename, int fIndex, boolean register,\n boolean embedded, boolean copy, boolean tracked) throws Exception {\n super(name, filename, fIndex, register, embedded, copy, tracked);\n init();\n }\n\n private synchronized void init() throws Exception {\n long[] ptr = new long[1];\n int error = OSFreetype.", "FT_Init_FreeType(ptr);\n if (error !", "= 0) {\n throw new Exception(\"FT_Init_FreeType Failed error \" + error);\n }\n library = ptr[0];\n if (FTFactory.", "LCD_SUPPORT) {\n OSFreetype.", "FT_Library_SetLcdFilter(library, OSFreetype.", "FT_LCD_FILTER_DEFAULT);\n }\n\n String file = getFileName();\n int fontIndex = getFontIndex();\n /* Freetype expects 'a standard C string' */\n byte[] buffer = (file+\"\\0\").getBytes();\n error = OSFreetype.", "FT_New_Face(library, buffer, fontIndex, ptr);\n if (error !", "= 0) {\n throw new Exception(\"FT_New_Face Failed error \" + error +\n \" Font File \" + file +\n \" Font Index \" + fontIndex);\n }\n face = ptr[0];\n\n if (!", "isRegistered()) {\n disposer = new FTDisposer(library, face);\n Disposer.addRecord(this, disposer);\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n protected PrismFontStrike<?", "> createStrike(float size, BaseTransform transform,\n int aaMode, FontStrikeDesc desc) {\n return new FTFontStrike(this, size, transform, aaMode, desc);\n }\n\n @Override\n protected synchronized int[] createGlyphBoundingBox(int gc) {\n int flags = OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_NO_SCALE;\n OSFreetype.", "FT_Load_Glyph(face, gc, flags);\n int[] bbox = new int[4];\n FT_GlyphSlotRec glyphRec = OSFreetype.getGlyphSlot(face);\n if (glyphRec !", "= null && glyphRec.metrics !", "= null) {\n FT_Glyph_Metrics gm = glyphRec.metrics;\n bbox[0] = (int)gm.horiBearingX;\n bbox[1] = (int)(gm.horiBearingY - gm.height);\n bbox[2] = (int)(gm.horiBearingX + gm.width);\n bbox[3] = (int)gm.horiBearingY;\n }\n return bbox;\n }\n\n synchronized Path2D createGlyphOutline(int gc, float size) {\n int size26dot6 = (int)(size * 64);\n OSFreetype.", "FT_Set_Char_Size(face, 0, size26dot6, 72, 72);\n int flags = OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_NO_HINTING | OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_NO_BITMAP | OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_IGNORE_TRANSFORM;\n OSFreetype.", "FT_Load_Glyph(face, gc, flags);\n return OSFreetype.", "FT_Outline_Decompose(face);\n }\n\n synchronized void initGlyph(FTGlyph glyph, FTFontStrike strike) {\n float size = strike.getSize();\n if (size == 0) {\n glyph.buffer = new byte[0];\n glyph.bitmap = new FT_Bitmap();\n return;\n }\n int size26dot6 = (int)(size * 64);\n OSFreetype.", "FT_Set_Char_Size(face, 0, size26dot6, 72, 72);\n\n boolean lcd = strike.getAAMode() == FontResource.", "AA_LCD &&\n FTFactory.", "LCD_SUPPORT;\n\n int flags = OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_RENDER | OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_NO_HINTING | OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_NO_BITMAP;\n FT_Matrix matrix = strike.matrix;\n if (matrix !", "= null) {\n OSFreetype.", "FT_Set_Transform(face, matrix, 0, 0);\n } else {\n flags |= OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_IGNORE_TRANSFORM;\n }\n if (lcd) {\n flags |= OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_TARGET_LCD;\n } else {\n flags |= OSFreetype.", "FT_LOAD_TARGET_NORMAL;\n }\n\n int glyphCode = glyph.getGlyphCode();\n int error = OSFreetype.", "FT_Load_Glyph(face, glyphCode, flags);\n if (error !", "= 0) {\n if (PrismFontFactory.debugFonts) {\n System.err.println(\"FT_Load_Glyph failed \" + error +\n \" glyph code \" + glyphCode +\n \" load falgs \" + flags);\n }\n return;\n }\n\n FT_GlyphSlotRec glyphRec = OSFreetype.getGlyphSlot(face);\n if (glyphRec == null) return;\n FT_Bitmap bitmap = glyphRec.bitmap;\n if (bitmap == null) return;\n int pixelMode = bitmap.pixel_mode;\n int width = bitmap.width;\n int height = bitmap.rows;\n int pitch = bitmap.pitch;\n if (pixelMode !", "= OSFreetype.", "FT_PIXEL_MODE_GRAY && pixelMode !", "= OSFreetype.", "FT_PIXEL_MODE_LCD) {\n /* This procedure only requests FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL and FT_RENDER_MODE_LCD,\n * and for its output is expects FT_PIXEL_MODE_GRAY and FT_PIXEL_MODE_LCD, respectively.", "\n * But it is possible the requested rendering mode is not supported and a different\n * output is returned by Freetype. ", "For example, a FT_PIXEL_MODE_MONO can be returned\n * if the font contains a bitmap for the given glyph code.", "\n */\n if (PrismFontFactory.debugFonts) {\n System.err.println(\"Unexpected pixel mode: \" + pixelMode +\n \" glyph code \" + glyphCode +\n \" load falgs \" + flags);\n }\n return;\n }\n byte[] buffer;\n if (width !", "= 0 && height !", "= 0) {\n buffer = OSFreetype.getBitmapData(face);\n if (buffer !", "= null && pitch !", "= width) {\n /* Common for LCD glyphs */\n byte[] newBuffer = new byte[width * height];\n int src = 0, dst = 0;\n for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {\n for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {\n newBuffer[dst + x] = buffer[src + x];\n }\n dst += width;\n src += pitch;\n }\n buffer = newBuffer;\n }\n } else {\n /* white space */\n buffer = new byte[0];\n }\n\n glyph.buffer = buffer;\n glyph.bitmap = bitmap;\n glyph.bitmap_left = glyphRec.bitmap_left;\n glyph.bitmap_top = glyphRec.bitmap_top;\n glyph.advanceX = glyphRec.advance_x / 64f; /* Fixed 26.6*/\n glyph.advanceY = glyphRec.advance_y / 64f;\n glyph.userAdvance = glyphRec.linearHoriAdvance / 65536.0f; /* Fixed 16.16 */\n glyph.lcd = lcd;\n }\n}\n" ]

[ 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0, 0.010309278350515464, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.010526315789473684, 0.0072992700729927005, 0.0182648401826484, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.02702702702702703, 0.024390243902439025, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.00847457627118644, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010683760683760684, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0.022727272727272728, 0.004166666666666667, 0, 0, 0.005494505494505495, 0.012461059190031152, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0.002325581395348837, 0.01282051282051282, 0.03125, 0.03225806451612903, 0.044444444444444446, 0.017241379310344827, 0.008695652173913044, 0.009523809523809525, 0.023809523809523808, 0.022222222222222223, 0.03571428571428571, 0.03125, 0, 0, 0.011494252873563218, 0.022988505747126436, 0.014492753623188406, 0.018018018018018018, 0, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0.030303030303030304, 0.07692307692307693, 0.004739336492890996, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.058823529411764705, 0.0010309278350515464 ]

[ "After a dominating win against the defending AFC Champion New England Patriots, the Jacksonville Jaguars have gotten off to a fast 2-0 start to the 2018 NFL season. ", "Power rankings across the internet have them as a top-five team, if not the best in the league. ", "However, it’s early. ", "Playoff berths don’t happen in week two. ", "They don’t happen in week three either, but every win gets you a little closer. ", "The most important game is always the next one, and for the second week in a row the Jaguars have a huge game that feels like it’s worth a whole lot more than the others.", "\n\nIn 2017, the Jaguars quickly rose to prominence after years as an NFL bottom-dweller. ", "Finishing the year 10-6 and a fourth quarter away from the team’s first Super Bowl berth, the season was a success by any metric. ", "If there was one flaw, it was getting swept by the Titans. ", "The second matchup in week seventeen was a meaningless game in Nashville, but it still stung. ", "Just the week two loss in Jacksonville.", "\n\nOf course, it wasn’t the first season the Jaguars couldn’t find a way to beat the Titans. ", "The Jaguars-Titans rivalry was forged in 1999, when both teams were part of the AFC Central. ", "The Jaguars were a league best 14-2, securing a first-round bye and home field advantage. ", "The only two losses in the regular season? ", "Both to the Titans. ", "The AFC Championship brought the Titans back to Jacksonville, giving the Jaguars a chance at redemption and a Super Bowl berth in just their fifth season. ", "The chance was squandered and after two AFC Championship appearances in four years, it would be eighteen long seasons until the Jaguars would get another shot at a Super Bowl. ", "As the Jaguars faded from the NFL’s center stage, so too did the Titans. ", "The two franchises have risen and fallen together, with both teams ending long playoff droughts last year. ", "It was the Jaguars’ first appearance since 2007, the Titans’ first since 2008.", "\n\nNow, the Jaguars are back to the prominence they enjoyed so early in their existence. ", "They have a dominating defensive line, a lightning-fast linebacking corps, and a smothering secondary. ", "There is a strong argument that, top to bottom, their roster is the best in the NFL. ", "As ever, the Titans aren’t far behind. ", "This weekend is the Jaguars first divisional game of the 2018 season. ", "With a win and a Colts loss, they will have a two-game lead in the AFC South after just three games. ", "With a loss at home, the Titans could top the division and once again secure a leg-up on the Jaguars in the head-to-head tiebreaker.", "\n\nThe Jaguars are a talented young team in an AFC that is seeing a changing of the guard. ", "The Patriots may have the best quarterback of all-time, but he’s forty-one years old. ", "The Steelers are in disarray as their best players ride jet-skis and tweet trade requests. ", "The Colts and Ravens are not the perennial contenders of old.", "\n\nThe AFC is seeing new, young teams rise to power. ", "The Chiefs look like the most explosive offense we’ve seen in years. ", "The Jaguars have a defense that everyone agrees is something special. ", "The Colts and Texans were plagued by injury last year, but both teams should have a quality franchise quarterback for at least the next five years. ", "Even the Browns are feeling like a team on the rise with an underrated defense led by DE Myles Garret and CB Denzel Ward and QB Baker Mayfield looking like the real deal.", "\n\nThis weekend the Jaguars have a chance to help cement themselves as one of the new powerhouses in the NFL. ", "We know the Jaguars are good, really good. ", "But what kind of team will they be this year? ", "The kind that drops games to mediocre teams like the Jets and the Cardinals? ", "The kind of team that can get caught sleeping at home against a banged-up Titans roster? ", "A team that could lose to…shudder…Blaine Gabbert?", "\n\nOr is this a team that can bring the tenacity we saw against the Patriots, every single week? ", "A team that can take firm hold of the division early and staunchly defend their home field all year? ", "A team that can win three consecutive home games to start 4-0 heading into a tantalizing week five matchup with the red-hot Chiefs?", "\n\nThe season is still young, but the result of this game will help shape the first half of the Jaguars 2018 campaign. ", "A loss puts them right back into the muck of the AFC South. ", "A win puts an early stamp on the division and a statement that it now belongs to Jaguars. ", "Whatever happens, we’ll see a lot more of what the 2018 Jaguars team is made of this weekend when the Jaguars’ biggest rival comes to Jacksonville." ]

[ 0.012121212121212121, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0.021505376344086023, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0, 0.012903225806451613, 0.011363636363636364, 0.0273972602739726, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0.01764705882352941, 0.01834862385321101, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.011111111111111112, 0.006802721088435374 ]

[ "Q:\n\nCauchy product of two formal power series\n\nI am thinking if I could get help for the following question:\nGiven a formal power series \n$$g(z)=\\sum_{i=0}^\\infty a_i z^{-i}$$\ndoes there always exists another (non-trivial) formal power series $y(z)$, such that the Cauchy product between $y$ and $g$\n$$\ny \\times g= \\sum_{i=0}^\\infty c_k z^{-k}\n$$\nsatisfies that \n$$\n\\sum_{i=0}^\\infty |c_k| < \\infty?", "\n$$\n\nA:\n\nIf the constant term $a_0$ of $g$ is nonzero, then $g$ will be invertible: that is, there is some $y$ such that $y \\times g=1$.\nIf $g$ is nonzero (but we don't make any assumptions about its constant term), let $a_k$ be the first nonzero coefficient of $g$. We then have\n\\begin{align*}\ng(z)&=\\sum_{n=0}^\\infty a_nz^n\\\\\n&=\\sum_{n=k}^\\infty a_nz^n&&\\text{(because all the prior terms are zero)}\\\\\n&=z^k\\sum_{n=k}^\\infty a_nz^{n-k}&&\\text{(factoring out the common factor of }z^k\\text{ from each term)}\\\\\n&=z^k\\sum_{n=0}^\\infty a_{n+k}z^n&&\\text{(relabeling).}", "\n\\end{align*}\nThe sum in the last line is a power series with nonzero constant term $a_k$. That is, we can write $g=z^kh$, where $h$ is a power series with nonzero constant term. ", "So if we take $y$ to be the multiplicative inverse of $h$, then $y \\times g=z^k$.\nFinally, if $g=0$, we can take $y$ to be anything we want and have $y \\times g=0$.\nSo, for any power series $g$, we can find $y$ such that $y \\times g$ such that finitely many of the $c_k$ (in fact, at most one of the $c_k$!) ", "are nonzero, which means that the sum of their absolute values must converge.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.010025062656641603, 0.0017667844522968198, 0, 0.003246753246753247, 0, 0 ]

[ ".columns > div {\nheight: 100%; // make each column to take all available height\n}\n\n.footer {\nbackground: red;\nheight: 20px;\n}\n\nIn theory it should work, but columns.margin doesn't work as I expect. ", "I thought it should make height = 100% - magin, but it just moves the container.", "\n\nI've googled and seen numerous questions on StackOverflow. ", "All of them include JavaScript or position: absolute and manual positioning. ", "IMHO they're more hacks than a solutions, I think there should be some simpler and more elegant and cross-browser way to solve this problem.", "\n\nSo how do I make layout described above? ", "Maybe Bootstrap can help me (I've looked through documentation, but there are no mentions of cases like this)?" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0.012987012987012988, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0 ]

[ "A Balance of Performance system will be introduced into the top class, and into LMP2 to prevent one manufacturer producing a better car and the other manufacturers being excluded. ", "In this last five years, we have seen a rise in the number of ORECAs sold, for example.", "\n\nHowever, ahead of the Rolex 24 at Daytona, there was very little detail. ", "There could not be as the deal was only brokered in the last month and at a political, rather than an engineering level. ", "Now that the politicians have agreed to work with each other the engineers now have to figure out how to make it work, and that’s a tough job.", "\n\nThere is still no decision on who will supply the hybrid system (a spec system for DPi 2.0 which was already decided), or even what the hybrid system will be capable of. ", "There is no announcement on engines, and whether the existing manufacturers will need to build new ones. ", "Time is short for them to do so. ", "There is no further information on how balance of performance will work between the Hypercar and this ‘common platform’ car. ", "There is no detail for tyre manufacturer Michelin either on what the loads and demands will be on their products.", "\n\nThere is still a lot to be sorted out, and time is short. ", "Sebring is mid-March, and there the organisations are planning to produce the full set of technical regulations. ", "This will somehow integrate the already published Hypercar regulations with the already written DPi 2.0 regulations, balance the cars and then deliver manufacturers will a global platform that is above the current LMP2.", "\n\nManufacturers are lining up to study these regulations, including Porsche, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Hyundai, Ford and of course, Peugeot. ", "If they can reduce the cost of prototype racing while increasing the return, they believe they have given the racing departments enough ammunition to take to their boards and try to receive sign-off. ", "The work starts now." ]

[ 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0, 0, 0.0045662100456621, 0.0364963503649635, 0, 0 ]

[ "Blood glucose fluctuation affects skin collagen metabolism in the diabetic mouse by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Smad pathways.", "\nWe recently reported that in mice, blood glucose fluctuations (BGF) produced more detrimental effects on skin structure and function than did diabetes alone. ", "To determine whether treatment of BGF changes the collagen metabolism in the skin of diabetic mice, and to explore its possible molecular mechanism further. ", "The study used diabetic and BGF animal models. ", "Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and Smad2/3. ", "The activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad signal molecules were also detected by western blotting, and the skin fibroblast ultrastructure was examined using an electron microscope. ", "BGF treatment produced a twofold reduction in type I collagen synthesis compared with diabetes-only mice. ", "Expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-13 increased markedly in the BGF-treated mice, but TIMP-1 expression was strongly downregulated by the BGF treatment. ", "There was also evidence of higher levels of apoptosis of skin fibroblasts after BGF treatment. ", "BGF treatment can affect collagen production in the skin of diabetic BGF mice by inhibiting collagen synthesis and increasing collagen degradation. ", "Furthermore, both MAPK and Smad signalling pathways seem to play a role in the inhibition of collagen production in diabetic mice treated with BGF." ]

[ 0.006666666666666667, 0.006289308176100629, 0.006369426751592357, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0.0048543689320388345, 0.009433962264150943, 0.013071895424836602, 0.010526315789473684, 0.013513513513513514, 0.013605442176870748 ]

[ "The show featured 1,500 new titles from 500 exhibitors on a record 534,000 square feet area (the size of 35 football fields). ", "There were six game conferences covering some of the big issues of the day, including trends in online gaming and the future of development.", "\n\nWhile the genre hadn't caught hold on consoles yet, at the time, PC FPS were all the rage -- although they were commonly called \"Doom clones.\" ", "Half-Life, Unreal, SiN, Daikatana, Prey, Quake II, and Star Wars: Jedi Knight Dark Forces II all made their debut at E3 1997. ", "But the biggest surprise in the genre emerged as GoldenEye 007. ", "Already a game watched closely by the press, the demos convinced everyone in attendance that Rare was creating something special. ", "Compared directly with the stars of the time, namely Doom, Duke Nukem, and Quake, GoldenEye's four-player split-screen had showgoers hooked.", "\n\nMetal Gear Solid for PlayStation made a big splash on Day 2 of E3, being shown in non-playable form as a video loop at Konami's booth. ", "Duke Nukem Forever was also announced, with the tagline: \"Always Bet on Duke.\" ", "The game would take more than a decade to actually get to market.", "\n\nAll eyes were on Nintendo to showcase how it would improve its sparse games library for the Nintendo 64. ", "Instead of pushing internally-developed software, Nintendo focused on its US and UK-developed lineup. ", "Rare was well-represented with GoldenEye 007, Conker's Quest (a very different game from what eventually became Conker's Bad Fur Day), and Banjo-Kazooie. ", "Hopes were high for an official 64DD US announcement from Nintendo, but chairman Howard Lincoln told press attendees that although the hardware was ready, software was not. \"", "When we get that exactly right, we'll introduce the 64 Disk Drive,\" Lincoln said to IGN, referring to the software.", "\n\nNotorious no-shows at E3 1997 included Nintendo's Zelda game (then, a 64DD title -- later to become Ocarina of Time) and the later cancelled Robotech: Crystal Dreams. ", "Instead, Superman 64 debuted to a tepid reception.", "\n\nSEGA had a big booth at the show, but the company's representatives looked awfully subdued. ", "Word had it that SEGA was pulling all of its advertising.", "\n\nOne company that was not subdued at E3 1997 was 3Dfx. ", "3Dfx came out swinging that year. ", "Nearly every PC game worth looking at on the show floor had a \"Powered by 3Dfx\" sign. ", "Even a few arcade games, Mace comes to mind, had 3Dfx signs on them.", "\n\nAnother company at the top of the world was Eidos. ", "Lara Croft was everywhere. ", "This was the year of Tomb Raider II -- Lara Croft was bigger than Mario and Sonic combined. (", "No pun intended.) ", "Eidos had a Lara Croft look-alike. ", "A huge contingent of show attendees stood by the booth for long stretches of time just to get a look at some model in a green tank top, black shorts, and sunglasses.", "\n\nThere was a small pornography area for the first few years of E3. ", "By 1997, that small area went away. ", "Interestingly, the disappearance of real sexploitation from the show opened the way for a more innocent style of sexploitation.", "\n\nA Duke Nukem look-alike walked the show floor with two nubile models. ", "Pandemic sent around a sweet young thing in a pristine nurse's outfit passing out invitations to their booth. ", "Upon closer examination, the invitations contained condoms.", "\n\nAtlanta's convention center was not a good place for E3. ", "The floor space was bigger and less expensive, but badly laid out for the show. ", "Instead of having three square floors it had two endless rectangles. ", "You could get from end-to-end in Los Angeles in 10 hectic minutes. ", "Atlanta took twice as long.", "\n\nDespite disappointment that the show failed to yield \"A Main Event,\" there was general optimism at the number of high quality and original games coming later this year. ", "Following the show, industry analysts predicted strong growth for third parties like Activision, GT Interactive, Electronic Arts, and Midway.", "\n\nMajor Announcements\n\nDuke Nukem Forever\n\nFallout\n\nHalf-Life\n\nMetal Gear Solid\n\nN64 Modem\n\nPanzer Dragoon Saga\n\nPlayStation Double Analog Controller\n\nQuake II\n\nSonic 3D Blast for PC\n\n\n\nNotable Games\n\nBanjo-Kazooie\n\nConker's Quest\n\nFinal Fantasy VII\n\nF-Zero 64\n\nGoldenEye 007\n\nHalf-Life\n\nMetal Gear Solid\n\nOddworld\n\nPanzer Dragoon Saga\n\nPrey\n\nQuake II\n\nResident Evil 2\n\nStar Fox 64\n\nTetrisphere 64\n\nTime Crisis\n\nUnreal\n\nTrivia" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.031746031746031744, 0.015625, 0.007692307692307693, 0.014285714285714285, 0.0072992700729927005, 0, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.00980392156862745, 0.025974025974025976, 0.011494252873563218, 0.017391304347826087, 0.011834319526627219, 0, 0.010638297872340425, 0.017543859649122806, 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0.018867924528301886, 0.037037037037037035, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0.004694835680751174 ]

[ "β-Amyrin Biosynthesis: The Methyl-30 Group of (3S)-2,3-Oxidosqualene Is More Critical to Its Correct Folding To Generate the Pentacyclic Scaffold than the Methyl-24 Group.", "\nOxidosqualene cyclases catalyze the transformation of oxidosqualene (1) into numerous cyclic triterpenes. ", "Enzymatic reactions of 24-noroxidosqualene (8) and 30-noroxidosqualene (9) with Euphorbia tirucalli β-amyrin synthase were conducted to examine the role of the branched methyl groups of compound 1 in the β-amyrin biosynthesis. ", "Substrate 8 almost exclusively afforded 30-nor-β-amyrin (>95.5 %), which was produced through a normal cyclization pathway, along with minor products (<4.5 %). ", "However, a lack of the Me-30 group (analogue 9) resulted in significantly high production of premature cyclization products, including 6/6/6/5-fused tetracyclic and 6/6/6/6/5-fused pentacyclic skeletons (64.6 %). ", "In addition, the fully cyclized product (35.4 %) having the 6/6/6/6/6-fused pentacycle was produced; however, the normally cyclized product, 29-nor-β-amyrin was present in only 18.6 % of these products. ", "The conversion yield of substrate 8 possessing a Z-Me group at the terminus was approximately twofold greater than that of compound 9 with an E-Me group. ", "Thus, the Me-30 group is essential for the correct folding of a chair-chair-chair-boat-boat conformation of compound 1 for the production of the β-amyrin scaffold, whereas the Me-24 group exerts little influence on the normal polycyclization cascade. ", "Here, we show that the Me-30 group plays critical roles in constructing the ordered architecture of a chair-chair-chair-boat-boat structure, in facilitating the ring-expansion reactions, and in performing the final deprotonation reaction at the correct position." ]

[ 0.011695906432748537, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "3 = 0 for y.\n-8, 0, 1\nLet r(h) be the third derivative of -h**2 - 1/108*h**4 + 1/540*h**6 - h + 19/270*h**5 + 0 - 19/27*h**3. ", "What is t in r(t) = 0?", "\n-19, -1, 1\nSuppose 0 = -123*i + 138 - 82 + 190. ", "Let z(f) be the third derivative of 1/60*f**6 + 19*f**i - 8/3*f**3 - 1/5*f**5 + 0 + f**4 + 0*f. ", "Factor z(u).", "\n2*(u - 2)**3\nFind p such that -3/5*p**4 + 3*p - 18/5*p**3 + 9/5 - 6/5*p**2 + 3/5*p**5 = 0.", "\n-1, 1, 3\nFactor -84/13 - 2/13*l**2 + 46/13*l.", "\n-2*(l - 21)*(l - 2)/13\nLet -1698*g**3 - 2016*g**2 + 266*g**2 + 1573*g**3 + 5*g**4 = 0. ", "Calculate g.\n-10, 0, 35\nLet r(t) = -t**3 - 16*t**2 - 34*t - 74. ", "Let c be r(-14). ", "Solve -c - 5/3*u**2 + 25/3*u = 0 for u.\n2, 3\nLet l = -259 - -253. ", "Let m(c) = -2*c**3 - 9*c**2 + 16*c - 10. ", "Let n be m(l). ", "Determine t, given that 0*t + 1/2*t**3 + 0 - 2*t**n = 0.", "\n0, 4\nLet s be (-2)/(-9)*3 - (-110)/33. ", "Solve -198*h**3 - 68*h - 665*h**5 + 202*h**2 - 666*h**5 + 1333*h**5 + 62*h**s = 0.", "\n-34, 0, 1\nLet p(f) be the first derivative of -1/20*f**5 - 1/12*f**3 - 3/8*f**2 + 3/16*f**4 + 1/2*f - 7. ", "Suppose p(b) = 0. ", "Calculate b.\n-1, 1, 2\nLet s = -214307/2 + 107160. ", "Suppose -5/4*b**5 - b**4 + 3/4*b + 0 - 5*b**2 + s*b**3 = 0. ", "Calculate b.\n-3, 0, 1/5, 1\nLet x(s) be the first derivative of -14 - 1/11*s**2 - 8/11*s**3 + 24/11*s + 1/22*s**4. ", "What is k in x(k) = 0?", "\n-1, 1, 12\nLet 3/7*j**4 + 15*j + 141/7*j**2 + 0 + 39/7*j**3 = 0. ", "What is j?", "\n-7, -5, -1, 0\nLet l = -758266 + 3791331/5. ", "Factor 9/5*u + 4 + l*u**2.", "\n(u + 4)*(u + 5)/5\nLet t(u) be the third derivative of u**6/540 + 5*u**5/84 - 11*u**4/126 + u**3/2 + u**2 - 30. ", "Let w(m) be the first derivative of t(m). ", "Factor w(y).", "\n2*(y + 11)*(7*y - 2)/21\nLet x(a) be the first derivative of -a**8/1680 + a**7/210 - a**6/120 - 3*a**3 + 3*a**2/2 - 80. ", "Let s(b) be the third derivative of x(b). ", "Factor s(g).", "\n-g**2*(g - 3)*(g - 1)\nFactor -368/5*i**2 + 4*i**3 + 1744/5*i - 128.", "\n4*(i - 10)*(i - 8)*(5*i - 2)/5\nLet x be (-142)/66 + (-287)/(-123). ", "Suppose 0 + 28/11*o + 26/11*o**2 - x*o**3 = 0. ", "Calculate o.\n-1, 0, 14\nLet x(o) be the second derivative of -32*o**2 + 0*o**3 - 1/21*o**7 - 67*o - 2/5*o**6 + 0 + 19/3*o**4 + 1/10*o**5. ", "Find l, given that x(l) = 0.", "\n-4, -1, 1, 2\nLet -3/5*g**3 - 6/5*g**2 + 27/5*g + 54/5 = 0. ", "Calculate g.\n-3, -2, 3\nLet y = -149 - -151. ", "Solve 12*q**2 + 21*q**y - 34*q**2 = 0 for q.\n0\nLet p(c) be the second derivative of -c**6/30 + 9*c**5/20 - 2*c**4/3 - 10*c**3 + 1062*c. ", "Factor p(m).", "\n-m*(m - 6)*(m - 5)*(m + 2)\nFactor 1/4*z**2 + 14 + 15/2*z.", "\n(z + 2)*(z + 28)/4\nLet k be 204/(-204)*(1/((-4)/6))/3. ", "Solve -1/4*b + k*b**2 - 1/2 + 1/4*b**3 = 0 for b.\n-2, -1, 1\nSuppose -r = -4*h + 2156 + 34, h + 2210 = -r. ", "Let g = r + 2209. ", "Factor 1/3*j**4 - 2*j + 4/3*j**g + 1/3*j**2 + 0.", "\nj*(j - 1)*(j + 2)*(j + 3)/3\nSuppose 0 = 4*t - 4*p - 444, 270 + 219 = 4*t + 5*p. ", "Let x = t - 113. ", "Factor 0*l - 1/2*l**4 - 1/2*l**x + 0*l**2 + 0.", "\n-l**3*(l + 1)/2\nLet c be ((-55)/66*-4)/2. ", "Let g(m) be the first derivative of -c*m**3 + 10*m**2 + 25*m - 5. ", "Solve g(d) = 0.", "\n-1, 5\nLet v(q) be the first derivative of -3/5*q**4 + 181 - 8/15*q**3 - 6/25*q**5 + 0*q + 0*q**2 - 1/30*q**6. ", "Factor v(u).", "\n-u**2*(u + 2)**3/5\nLet w(z) = -8*z - 11. ", "Let r be w(13). ", "Let f = r + 118. ", "Let -4 + 10*k**3 + 0*k - 5*k**4 + f*k**4 + 2*k - 18*k**2 + 12*k = 0. ", "What is k?", "\n1, 2\nSuppose 0*u = 3*u. ", "Suppose u = y + 1 - 6. ", "Solve 5*m**3 + y*m**4 - m**2 + 2*m**2 - 5*m**5 - 5*m**2 - m**2 = 0 for m.\n-1, 0, 1\nLet s(n) be the first derivative of -n**6/12 - n**5/10 + 3*n**4/4 - n**3/3 - 5*n**2/4 + 3*n/2 + 288. ", "Factor s(d).", "\n-(d - 1)**3*(d + 1)*(d + 3)/2\nLet j(s) = -s**3 - 3*s**2 + 9*s - 3. ", "Let p(l) = 14*l + 51. ", "Let f be p(-4). ", "Let y be j(f). ", "Factor 15/2*c**y - 27/2 - 3/2*c**3 - 9/2*c.", "\n-3*(c - 3)**2*(c + 1)/2\nSuppose -11*m + 15 = -8*m. ", "Suppose -h - 7 = -m*r, 0 = 4*r - h + 5*h - 20. ", "Factor 3*g - 11*g - r*g - 5*g**2.", "\n-5*g*(g + 2)\nLet k(p) be the first derivative of p**4/6 + 44*p**3/45 - 23*p**2/15 - 16*p/3 + 894. ", "Solve k(z) = 0.", "\n-5, -1, 8/5\nLet p be (((-6)/(-4) - 2) + 0)*-4. ", "Suppose -6*j + j - 236 = -p*h, 5*h - 520 = -5*j. ", "Factor 19*y + 7*y**3 + 7*y**3 - h*y**2 + y**4 - y**5 + 5 + 134*y**2.", "\n-(y - 5)*(y + 1)**4\nSuppose -5*m + 0 = 10. ", "Let j be -8*3*m/12. ", "Factor 2*q**3 + 12*q**2 + 284*q**4 + 4*q - 280*q**j + 10*q**3.", "\n4*q*(q + 1)**3\nFactor 186*x**2 - 570554 - 381*x**2 + 2122*x - 320521 + 1148*x + 192*x**2.", "\n-3*(x - 545)**2\nLet g(n) be the second derivative of -n**6/150 - 19*n**5/100 - 19*n**4/20 + 319*n**3/30 - 121*n**2/5 - 1475*n. ", "Suppose g(c) = 0. ", "What is c?", "\n-11, 1, 2\nLet r = 153 + -149. ", "Suppose -2*k**2 - 28*k**3 + 9*k**2 + 17*k**2 + r*k**4 = 0. ", "Calculate k.\n0, 1, 6\nLet f(c) be the first derivative of c**4 + 1004*c**3/3 + 6381. ", "Factor f(b).", "\n4*b**2*(b + 251)\nLet r(j) be the second derivative of j**5/190 - 4*j**4/57 - j**3/57 + 8*j**2/19 - 401*j + 1. ", "Factor r(t).", "\n2*(t - 8)*(t - 1)*(t + 1)/19\nLet d = -400 - -403. ", "Suppose p + 0*p + 6 = i, -d*i + 2 = p. Factor -1/3*k**4 - 2/3*k + 0*k**i + 2/3*k**3 + 1/3.", "\n-(k - 1)**3*(k + 1)/3\nLet p be ((-5)/2)/(30/(-48))*2/12. ", "Let c(h) be the first derivative of 4/3*h + p*h**3 + 1/12*h**4 + 3/2*h**2 - 13. ", "Suppose c(r) = 0. ", "What is r?", "\n-4, -1\nLet k(n) = -35*n - 1540. ", "Let l be k(-44). ", "Let s(o) be the second derivative of 0*o**2 + 1/42*o**4 + l - 2/21*o**3 - 7*o. ", "Factor s(h).", "\n2*h*(h - 2)/7\nLet 5*m**2 + 1969 - 1256 - 1028 + 11*m - m = 0. ", "Calculate m.\n-9, 7\nLet f(k) be the first derivative of -2*k**3/3 + 75*k**2 - 1408*k + 3326. ", "Factor f(z).", "\n-2*(z - 64)*(z - 11)\nSuppose 5*o + 4*o = 14*o + 8*o. ", "Factor 0*q + o + 22/19*q**3 + 8/19*q**4 - 6/19*q**2.", "\n2*q**2*(q + 3)*(4*q - 1)/19\nLet b be 1/20*(6/8 + 3). ", "Let j(m) be the first derivative of 0*m**5 + 1/6*m**3 + 0*m + 22 + 0*m**2 - 1/24*m**6 + b*m**4. ", "Factor j(r).", "\n-r**2*(r - 2)*(r + 1)**2/4\nLet d(l) be the first derivative of 5*l**4/4 + 95*l**3/3 - 55*l**2 - 200*l + 975. ", "Factor d(o).", "\n5*(o - 2)*(o + 1)*(o + 20)\nLet k = 2863 - 2859. ", "Let u(z) be the third derivative of 0 - 2/3*z**k + 1/30*z**5 + 24*z**2 + 0*z + 16/3*z**3. ", "Factor u(o).", "\n2*(o - 4)**2\nSuppose 4*j = q - 30, -350*j - 11 = 5*q - 347*j. ", "Let h(u) be the first derivative of -90*u + 15/2*u**q + 20 + 20/3*u**3 - 5/4*u**4. ", "Find p such that h(p) = 0.", "\n-2, 3\nFactor 16*c - 5*c**2 + 58*c - 421*c - 73*c - 4320.", "\n-5*(c + 12)*(c + 72)\nSuppose 738/11*t - 12*t**2 - 1080/11 + 2/11*t**3 = 0. ", "What is t?", "\n3, 60\nLet a(z) = -22*z**3 - 75*z**2 + 53*z + 7. ", "Let c be a(-4). ", "Find k, given that k**4 + 0*k + 0 + 2/5*k**2 + 7/5*k**c = 0.", "\n-1, -2/5, 0\nLet y = -192 + 196. ", "Factor -y*j - 3*j + 7 - 9 - 4*j - 5*j**2.", "\n-(j + 2)*(5*j + 1)\nLet h = -37377 - -186887/5. ", "Determine z so that -6/5*z**4 - 6/5*z**3 - 2/5*z**2 - h*z**5 + 0 + 0*z = 0.", "\n-1, 0\nLet k(n) be the first derivative of -n**7/1155 + n**5/165 - n**3/33 - n**2/2 - 150. ", "Let j(m) be the second derivative of k(m). ", "Find p such that j(p) = 0.", "\n-1, 1\nLet b(j) be the first derivative of 4*j**3/21 + 158*j**2/7 - 320*j/7 - 2203. ", "Let b(d) = 0. ", "What is d?", "\n-80, 1\nLet r be 6/24*(3/10)/(24/32). ", "Let b(s) be the second derivative of 0 - 17*s - r*s**5 + s**2 - 1/6*s**4 + 1/3*s**3. ", "Let b(i) = 0. ", "What is i?", "\n-1, 1\nLet k(u) = 2*u**2 - 4*u - 24. ", "Let s(b) = -2*b**2 + 7*b + 28. ", "Let p(v) = -7*k(v) - 6*s(v). ", "Factor p(i).", "\n-2*i*(i + 7)\nSuppose 4*c + 159 = 7*c. ", "Let y = 8042 - 8038. ", "Suppose -144 + c*w + y*w**3 + 44*w**2 + 50*w - 7*w = 0. ", "Calculate w.\n-6, 1\nLet v(y) be the third derivative of -1/150*y**5 - 4*y**2 + 8*y + 0 - 14/15*y**3 + 3/20*y**4. ", "Factor v(m).", "\n-2*(m - 7)*(m - 2)/5\nLet c(y) = 17*y**3 - 135*y**2 - 30*y + 174. ", "Let h(d) = -8*d**3 + 68*d**2 + 14*d - 86. ", "Let v(t) = 12*c(t) + 26*h(t). ", "Factor v(z).", "\n-4*(z - 37)*(z - 1)*(z + 1)\nLet y(b) be the first derivative of -68/3*b**3 + 11 - 32*b + 44*b**2 - 2/3*b**6 + 4*b**5 - b**4. ", "Factor y(v).", "\n-4*(v - 4)*(v - 1)**3*(v + 2)\nLet s be -30 + 5 + 2020/80. ", "Find h such that -s*h**3 + 0 + 0*h - 1/4*h**2 = 0.", "\n-1, 0\nLet b(p) be the first derivative of p**4 - 40*p**3 + 262*p**2 - 600*p - 14845. ", "Solve b(d) = 0 for d.\n2, 3, 25\nSuppose -5*j = -v + 17, 2*v = 3*j - j + 10. ", "Factor 5*l**2 + 2*l**3 + 16*l**2 + 2*l**4 - 23*l**2 - v*l.", "\n2*l*(l - 1)*(l + 1)**2\nLet o(j) be the second derivative of -j**6/20 - 243*j**5/40 + 42*j**4 - 85*j**3 + 40*j - 12. ", "Let o(c) = 0. ", "Calculate c.\n-85, 0, 2\nLet h(r) be the second derivative of r**7/420 + 11*r**6/90 - 47*r**5/60 + 2*r**4 + 118*r**3/3 + 336*r. ", "Let l(o) be the second derivative of h(o). ", "Factor l(u).", "\n2*(u - 1)**" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0, 0, 0, 0.021739130434782608, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0.016666666666666666, 0, 0, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.043478260869565216, 0.005434782608695652, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.05555555555555555, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0.08333333333333333, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.08333333333333333, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.038461538461538464, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0.013333333333333334, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "---\nauthor:\n- |\n Hongyu He [^1]\\\n Department of Mathematics,\\\n Louisiana State University,\\\n Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A.\\\n email: [email protected]\ntitle: Certain Induced Complementary Series of the Universal Covering of the Symplectic Group \n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nFor any semisimple Lie group $G$, let $\\Pi(G)$ be the admissible dual, $\\Pi_u(G)$ be the unitary dual and $\\Pi_2(G)$ be the tempered dual. ", "Let $Sp$ be the real symplectic group. ", "Let $\\widetilde{Sp}$ be the universal covering of $Sp$. For any subgroup $H$ of $Sp$, let $\\tilde H$ be the preimage under the universal covering. ", "Let ${\\mathcal}C$ be the preimage of the identity. ", "Then ${\\mathcal}C \\cong \\mathbb Z$. We parametrize the unitary dual of $\\mathbb Z$ by $\\epsilon \\in [0, 1)$. Then $\\Pi_{*}({\\widetilde}{Sp})$ is a union of $\\Pi_{*}({\\widetilde}{Sp})_{\\epsilon}$ on which ${\\mathcal}C$ acts by $\\epsilon$. For instance, $\\Pi_{*}({\\widetilde}{Sp})_{0} = \\Pi_{*}(Sp)$ and $\\Pi_{*}({\\widetilde}{Sp})_{\\frac{1}{2}}$ is the genuine dual of the metaplectic groups. ", "If ${\\mathcal}C$ acts on a representation by $\\epsilon$, we say that this representation is of [**class $\\epsilon$**]{}.\\\n\\\nLet $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of $Sp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$. Let $MAN$ be the Langlands decomposition of $P$. Let $\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u(\\tilde M)$. Let $v \\in {\\mathfrak{a}}^*_{\\mathbb C}$. Let ${{\\rm Ind}}_{\\tilde P}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes \\mathbb C_{v}$ be the normalized induced representation. ", "When $v \\in i {\\mathfrak{a}}^*$, ${{\\rm Ind}}_{\\tilde P}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes \\mathbb C_{v}$ is always unitary. ", "This induction process is called unitary parabolic induction. ", "The main theme of this paper is to discuss the unitarity of ${{\\rm Ind}}_{\\tilde P}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes \\mathbb C_{v}$ for $v$ real. ", "Such a series of unitary representations is often called complementary series. ", "I should point out that the nonunitary ${{\\rm Ind}}_{\\tilde P}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes \\mathbb C_{v}$ may contain unitarizable subquotients. ", "We are not concerned with the unitarizable subquotients in this paper.\\\n\\\nComplementary series for $SL(2, {\\mathbb}R)$ were first constructed by V. Bargmann and Gelfand-Naimark. ", "For the universal covering of $SL(2, {\\mathbb}R)$, a series of length $|1-2 \\epsilon |$ was found in each $\\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{SL}(2, {\\mathbb}R))_{\\epsilon}$ by Pukánszky ( [@puk]). ", "These complementary series are nondegenerate deformations of the unitary principal series. ", "However, there are also complementary series that are not nondegenerate deformation of the unitary principal series, as pointed out by G. Zuckerman. ", "In  [@du], M. Duflo found two unitarizable regions in the principal series of the complex $G_2$. One cannot deform the Hilbert structure to go from one region to the other without degeneracy. ", "The same phenomena occurs for real $G_2$ ( [@vogang2]). ", "It is not clear whether this phenomena occurs for classical groups. ", "At least, for general linear groups, all complementary series are deformations of unitarily induced representations, according to Vogan’s classification of unitary dual ( [@vogan]).\\\n\\\nSystematical studies of complementary series for semisimple Lie groups came about in a series paper by Kostant ( [@ko]), Knapp-Stein ( [@ks],  [@ks2]) and Speh-Vogan ( [@sv]). ", "They all obtained powerful results about the complementary series, mainly near the tempered dual. ", "The other extreme is the degenerate complementary series, which was under intensive investigation by many authors. ", "See  [@kr],  [@john],  [@bss],  [@oz],  [@boo],  [@lee],  [@lz],  [@hl] and references therein. ", "Perhaps, one of the most well-known examples is Stein’s complementary series, which are induced from a one dimensional real character of two copies of $GL(n)$. For ${\\widetilde}{Sp}$, Sahi gives a complete classification of complementary series induced from a one dimensional character of the Siegel parabolic subgroup, which in a way, resembles Stein representations ( [@sahi]).\\\n\\\nIn this paper, we study the following induced representation $${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t},$$ where $\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$, $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ is a character on the component group of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)$ that is compatible with $\\sigma$, and $\\nu$ is the $|\\det|$ on ${\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)$. [**$\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ being compatible with $\\sigma$ means that $\\mu^{\\epsilon}|_{{\\mathcal}C}=\\sigma|_{{\\mathcal}C}$ as scalars**]{}. ", "Before we state our main result, we fix some notations. ", "Let $\\mathbf a$ be the constant vector $(a, a, \\ldots, a)$ of a suitable size. ", "For two $n$-dimensional real vectors $\\lambda$ and $\\mu$, we say that $\\lambda \\prec \\mu$ if $\\sum_{i=1}^{l} \\lambda_i < \\sum_{i=1}^{l} \\mu_i$ for every $l \\in [1, n]$. We say that $\\lambda \\preceq \\mu$ if $\\sum_{i=1}^{l} \\lambda_i \\leq \\sum_{i=1}^{l} \\mu_i$ for every $l \\in [1, n]$.\n\nLet $\\epsilon \\in [0, 1)$ and Let $\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$. Suppose that $\\sigma$ is compatible with $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ and every leading exponent $v$ of $\\sigma$ satisfies $$\\Re (v)-\\mathbf{\\frac{p+q+1}{2}}+ (2p, 2p-2, \\ldots 2) \\prec 0.$$ Suppose that $|t| < \\frac{1}{2}-|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1|| $ if $q-p$ is odd or $|t| < |\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1||$ if $q-p$ is even. ", "Then ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}$ is unitarizable.", "\n\nI shall point out that our condition on $t$ is only a sufficient condition. ", "The complementary series can be longer than the one given in our theorem.\\\n\\\nIf $\\sigma$ is tempered, its leading exponents always satisfy the inequalities specified in our theorem. ", "Now one can apply our theorem inductively to obtain complementary series induced from 1 dimensional characters of the ${\\widetilde}{GL}$-factors. ", "I shall mention one special case with only $GL(1)$-factors. ", "The general statement is given in Theorem  \\[mu1\\].", "\n\nLet $\\sigma$ be a tempered representation of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(n-r, {\\mathbb}R)$. Suppose that the characters ${\\mu}^{\\epsilon_i}$ of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(1)$ are compatible with $\\sigma$. Then $${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n-r, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{GL}(1)^r N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma \\otimes ( \\otimes_{i=1}^r {\\mu_i}^{\\epsilon_i} \\otimes {\\nu_i}^{t_i})$$ is unitarizable for all $t_i \\in (-c_{\\epsilon_i}, c_{\\epsilon_i})$ with $c_{\\epsilon_i}= \\min( |1- 2 \\epsilon_i|, 1-|1-2\\epsilon_i| )$.", "\n\nThe representations in this example are all close to the tempered dual and the results for finite coverings are known ( [@ks2],  [@sv]). ", "If we only look at the metaplectic group, there are $2^{r}$ genuine complementary series of size $(0, \\frac{1}{2})^r$. These complementary series seem to be all there are for this particular induction. ", "For the linear group $Sp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$, our result says nothing about the complementary series. ", "It remains an interesting problem to investigate why this happens.\\\n\\\nThe following is what is covered in this paper. ", "Let $p< q$ and $p+q=n$. In Section 2, we discuss the degenerate principal series $I(\\epsilon, t)$ of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)$ and its restriction to ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ ( [@comp]). ", "In particular, we review some results from  [@comp] regarding the mixed model on which the action of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ is explicit (See Theorem  \\[mix\\]). ", "In Section 3, we discuss the parabolic induction for ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(q,{\\mathbb}R)$, whose center is infinite. ", "We then decompose the unitary degenerate principal series $I(\\epsilon, i t)$ into a direct integral based on the action of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ (See Theorem  \\[pla\\]). ", "This gives an $L^2$ Howe Type duality, which can be identified with a unitary parabolic induction. ", "In Section 4, we construct the invariant tensor functor $$\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)) \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\sigma)$$ under [**a growth condition**]{} on $\\sigma$ (see Definition  \\[itp\\]). ", "We prove that $$I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\sigma) \\cong [{{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t})]_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)}$$ (see Theorem  \\[id\\]). ", "In Section 5, we define an induced intertwining operator $$A(\\epsilon, t, \\sigma): I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\sigma) \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\sigma)$$ from $A(\\epsilon, t): I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)}$. We show that $A(\\epsilon, t, \\sigma)$ inherits the positivity of $A(\\epsilon, t)$. Hence, ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}$ is unitarizable if $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is unitarizable (See Theorem  \\[main0\\]). ", "In Section 6, we define a more general version of $A(\\epsilon, t, \\sigma)$ for all $t$ sufficiently negative and sharpen our results from Section 5 (See Theorem  \\[main\\]). ", "How $A(\\epsilon, t, \\sigma)$ fits into the general theory of intertwining operator remains to be an interesting problem. ", "In Section 7, we construct some induced complementary series inductively. ", "See Theorem  \\[mu1\\].\\\n\\\nThis paper is based on a talk given at Yale. ", "I would like to thank Prof. Roger Howe and Prof. Gregg Zuckerman for their interests.", "\n\nDegenerate Complementary Series\n===============================\n\nLet $\\mathbb C^n$ be the $n$-dimensional complex Hilbert space with an orthonormal basis $$\\{e_1, e_2, \\ldots, e_n \\}.$$ Let $\\Omega(\\, , \\,)=\\Im(\\, , \\,).$ Regarding $\\mathbb C^n$ as a real vector space, let $Sp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$ be the symplectic group that preserves $\\Omega$. Let $U(n)$ be the unitary group that preserves $(\\, , \\,)$. Clearly $U(n)$ is a maximal compact subgroup of $Sp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$.\\\n\\\nLet $P$ be the Siegel parabolic subgroup that preserves the real linear span of $$\\{ i e_1, i e_2, \\ldots, i e_n \\},$$ and let $N$ be its nilradical. ", "Choose the Levi factor to be the subgroup of $P$ that preserves the real linear span of $\\{ e_i \\mid i \\in [1, n] \\}$. Clearly, $L \\cong GL(n, {\\mathbb}R)$ and $L \\cap U(n) \\cong O(n)$.\\\n\\\nOn the covering group, we have $\\tilde L \\cap \\tilde{U}(n)=\\tilde{O}(n)$. Recall that $$\\tilde{U}(n)= \\{ (x, g) \\mid g \\in U(n), \\exp 2 \\pi i x = \\det g, x \\in \\mathbb R \\}.$$ Therefore $$\\tilde{O}(n)=\\{ (x, g) \\mid g \\in O(n), \\exp 2 \\pi i x= \\det g, x \\in \\mathbb R \\}.$$ Notice that for $g \\in O(n)$, $\\det g= \\pm 1$. So $ x \\in \\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z$. Identify the identity component of $\\tilde O(n)$ with $SO(n)$. We have the following exact sequence $$1 \\rightarrow SO(n) \\rightarrow \\tilde{O}(n) \\rightarrow \\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z \\rightarrow 1.$$ Consequently, we have $$1 \\rightarrow GL_0(n, {\\mathbb}R) \\rightarrow \\tilde L \\rightarrow \\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z \\rightarrow 1.$$ In fact, $$\\tilde L=\\{ (x, g) \\mid g \\in L, \\exp 2 \\pi i x= \\frac{\\det g}{|\\det g|}, x \\in \\mathbb R \\}.$$ The one dimensional unitary characters of $\\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z$ are parametrized by the one dimensional torus $T$. Identify $T$ with $[0, 1)$. [**Let $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ be the character of $\\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z$ corresponding to $\\epsilon \\in [0,1)$**]{}. ", "Now each character $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ yields a character of $\\tilde L$, which in turn, yields a character of $\\tilde P$. For simplicity, we retain $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ to denote the character on $\\tilde L$ and $\\tilde P$. Let $\\nu$ be the $\\det$-character on ${\\tilde L}$, i.e., $$~\\label{deter}\n\\nu(x,g)= | \\det g | \\qquad (x,g) \\in \\tilde L.$$ Let $I(\\epsilon, t)={{\\rm Ind}}_{\\tilde P}^{{\\widetilde{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)}} \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes \\nu^{t}$ be the normalized induced representation of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)$ with $\\epsilon \\in [0,1)$ and $t \\in \\mathbb C$ ( [@sahi]). ", "$I(\\epsilon,t)$ is called a degenerate principal series representation. ", "Clearly, $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is unitary when $t \\in i \\mathbb R$.\n\nSuppose that $t$ is real. ", "For $n$ even, $I(\\epsilon,t)$ is irreducible and unitarizable if and only if $0< |t| <|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1||$. For $n$ odd and $n >1$, $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is irreducible and unitarizable if and only if $0< |t| < \\frac{1}{2}-|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1||$.\n\nSee also  [@kr],  [@boo],  [@oz],  [@lee] and the references therein.", "\n\n \\[dia\\] Let $n=p+q$. Let $\\mathbb C^p$ be the complex linear space spanned by $\\{e_1, e_2, \\ldots, e_p \\}$ and $\\mathbb C^q$ be the complex linear space spanned by $\\{e_{p+1}, e_{p+2}, \\ldots, e_{n} \\}$. Let $\\Omega_p=-\\Omega|_{\\mathbb C^p}$ and $\\Omega_q=\\Omega|_{\\mathbb C^q}$. Write $$\\Omega=-\\Omega_p+\\Omega_q.$$ Let $Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R)$ be the symplectic group preserving $-\\Omega_p$ and fixing $\\mathbb C^q$; $Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ be the symplectic group preserving $\\Omega_q$ and fixing $\\mathbb C^p$. We say that $(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R), Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R))$ is [*diagonally embedded* ]{} in $Sp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$. Let $U(p)=U(n) \\cap Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R)$ and $U(q)=U(n) \\cap Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)$.\n\nAlthough the symplectic group preserving $\\Omega_p$ also preserves $-\\Omega_p$, the parametrization of $Sp(-\\Omega_p)$ will be according to the bases $\\{ e_1,e_2, \\ldots e_p, i e_1, i e_2, \\ldots i e_p \\}$, not the standard basis $\\{ i e_1, i e_2, \\ldots, i e_p, e_1, e_2, \\ldots, e_p \\}$. The reader should note that this difference of parametrization will incur an involution on the representation level if we stick with the standard basis (see  [@nu]).\\\n\\\n[**Suppose from now on that $p < q$ and $p+q=n$**]{}. ", "Some of the statements do make sense for $p=q$. Consider the action of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, \\mathbb R)$ on $I(\\epsilon, t)$. Recall that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$ consists of smooth sections of the homogeneous line bundle ${\\mathcal}L_{\\epsilon, t}$ $${\\widetilde{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)}\\times_{\\tilde P} \\mathbb C_{\\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes \\nu^{t+\\rho}} \\rightarrow X,$$ where $\\rho=\\frac{n+1}{2}$. Identify $X$ with the variety of Lagrangian Grassmanian. ", "Choose a base point $$x_0={{\\rm span}}_{\\mathbb R} \\{i \\, e_j+e_{p+j}, e_j + i \\, e_{p+j}, i e_k \\mid j \\in [1, p]; k \\in [2p+1, n] \\}.$$ Let $P_{q-p}(q)$ be the maximal parabolic subgroup of $Sp(q, \\mathbb R)$ that preserves $$W= {{\\rm span}}_{\\mathbb R} \\{ i e_k \\mid k \\in [2p+1, n] \\}.$$ Let $W^{\\perp}={{\\rm span}}_{\\mathbb R} \\{ e_j, i e_j, i e_k \\mid j \\in [p+1, 2p], k \\in [2p+1, k] \\}$. Let $Q_{q-p}(q)$ be the subgroup of $P_{q-p}(q)$ that fixes every vector in $W^{\\perp}/W$. Let $N_{q-p}(q)$ be the nilradical of $P_{q-p}(q)$. Then the stabilizer $$Sp(q, \\mathbb R)_{x_0}=Q_{q-p}(q).$$ In addition, identifying the basis $i e_j$ with $e_{j+p}$ and $e_j$ with $ i e_{j+p}$ for every $j \\in [1,p]$, we obtain a symplectic isomorphism from $(\\mathbb C^{p}, -\\Omega_p)$ onto a linear subspace of $(\\mathbb C^{q}, \\Omega_q)$. This isomorphism induces a group isomorphism: $$g \\in Sp(p, \\mathbb R) \\rightarrow \\dot{g} \\in Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R).$$ Let $\\Delta(Sp(p, \\mathbb R))=\\{(g, \\dot g) \\mid g \\in Sp(p, \\mathbb R) \\} \\subset Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R) Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R).$ Then the isotropy group $$(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R) Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R))_{x_0}= \\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R)) Q_{q-p}(q).$$ See  [@nu]  [@comp].\\\n\\\nTake the Siegel parabolic subgroup $P$ to be the stabilizer of $x_0$. Then $$P \\cap Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R) Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R) = \\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R)) Q_{q-p}(q).$$ We make two observations regarding the covering. ", "First of all, since $\\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ preserves any top degree exterior products in the Lagrangian $x_0$, we have $$\\nu(\\Delta(Sp(p, \\mathbb R)))= 1.$$ Hence ${\\widetilde}{\\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R))}$ splits into a direct product ${\\mathcal}C \\times {\\widetilde}{\\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R))}_0$ where ${\\widetilde}{\\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R))}_0$ is the identity component of ${\\widetilde}{\\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R))}$, which can be identified with $\\Delta(Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R))$. Secondly, the group $Q_{q-p}(q)$ has a Levi decomposition $GL(q-p) N_{q-p}(q)$. It has two connected components contained in the two connected components of $P$ respectively. ", "It follows that $\\nu(h)$ coincides with $|\\det(h)|$ for any $h \\in {\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p) \\subset {\\widetilde}{Q}_{q-p}(p)$.\\\n\\\nNow we can restrict the line bundle ${\\mathcal}L_{\\epsilon, t}$ onto ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$. We obtain $$~\\label{mt}\n{\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}: \\widetilde{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R) \\times_{\\widetilde{GL}(q-p) N_{q-p}(q)} \\mathbb C_{\\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes \\nu^{t+\\rho}}\n\\rightarrow Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)/Q_{q-p}(q).$$ Notice that $Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)/Q_{q-p}(q)$ has a principal bundle structure $$Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R) \\rightarrow Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)/Q_{q-p}(q) \\rightarrow Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)/P_{q-p}(q) \\cong U(q)/U(p)O(q-p).$$ We parametrize $Sp(q, {\\mathbb}R)/Q_{q-p}(q)$ by $$[ g_1 \\in Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R), k_2 \\in U(q) ] \\in (Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R), U(q)/O(q-p))/U(p) ,$$ and equip it with the invariant measure $ d g_1 d [k_2] $. ", "The parametrization is given by $$[g_1, k_2] \\rightarrow k_2 g_1 Q_{q-p}(q)$$ since $Sp(p, {\\mathbb}R) \\cap U(q) = U(p)$.\n\n \\[mix\\] Let $t \\in {\\mathbb}R$, $p<q$ and $p+q=n$.\n\n1. ", " The restriction map $f \\rightarrow f|_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)}$ induces an isometry between $I(\\epsilon, i t)$ and $ L^2({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, it}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$. Let ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ act on $ L^2({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, it}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$ from the left and let ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)$ act on $ L^2({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, i t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$ from the right. ", "Then the restriction map intertwines the actions of $\\widetilde{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) \\widetilde{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$. So as $\\widetilde{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) \\widetilde{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ representations, $I(\\epsilon, i t) \\cong L^2({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, it}, d [g_1] d [k_2]).$\n\n2. ", " Let ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ act on the space of smooth sections $ C^{\\infty}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$ from the left and let ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)$ act on $ C^{\\infty}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$ from the right. ", "Then for every $f \\in I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$, $f|_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)}$ is smooth and $|f(g_1 k_2)|$ is bounded by a multiple of $$\\det(g_1 g_1^t+ I)^{-\\frac{n+1+t}{4}}.$$ The restriction map $f \\rightarrow f|_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)}$ intertwines $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$ with $C^{\\infty}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$.\n\nThe restriction map in (2) is not onto. ", "Its image is the space of smooth functions satisfies the decaying condition specified in (2) and a certain analytic condition at $\\infty$. We call the model on ${\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}$ [**mixed model**]{}.", "\n\nParabolic Induction for $\\widetilde{Sp}$ and a Howe Type Duality\n================================================================\n\nLet $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of $Sp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$. Then the Levi subgroup $L$ is of the form $$GL(r_1) \\times GL(r_2) \\times \\ldots \\times GL(r_s) \\times Sp(r_0, {\\mathbb}R)$$ with $\\sum_{i=1}^{s} r_i =n-r_0$ and $r_i \\geq 1$. The covering $\\tilde L$ is of the form $${\\widetilde}{GL}(r_1) \\times_{{\\mathcal}C} {\\widetilde}{GL}(r_2) \\times_{{\\mathcal}C} \\ldots \\times_{{\\mathcal}C} {\\widetilde}{GL}(r_s) \\times_{{\\mathcal}C} {\\widetilde}{Sp}(r_0, {\\mathbb}R);$$ $$\\tilde P \\cong \\tilde L N.$$ Here $H_1 \\times_{{\\mathcal}C} H_2$ is defined to be the quotient group $$H_1 \\times H_2 / \\{ (c, c^{-1}) \\mid c \\in {\\mathcal}C \\}$$ whenever the subgroup ${\\mathcal}C$ is in the center of both $H_1$ and $H_2$.\\\n\\\nNow an irreducible admissible representation of $\\tilde L$ is of the following form: $$\\sigma_1 \\otimes_{{\\mathcal}C} \\sigma_2 \\ldots \\otimes_{{\\mathcal}C} \\sigma_s \\otimes_{{\\mathcal}C} \\sigma_0,$$ where $\\sigma_i|_{{\\mathcal}C}$ and $\\sigma_0|_{{\\mathcal}C}$ are all scalar multiplications and the underlying one dimensional characters are all the same. ", "In this situation, we say that $\\{\\sigma_i, \\sigma_0 \\}$ are compatible. ", "For simplicity, we will write $$\\sigma_1 \\otimes \\sigma_2 \\ldots \\otimes \\sigma_s \\otimes \\sigma_0,$$ for $\\sigma_1 \\otimes_{{\\mathcal}C} \\sigma_2 \\ldots \\otimes_{{\\mathcal}C} \\sigma_s \\otimes_{{\\mathcal}C} \\sigma_0,$ and we will [**always assume that $\\{\\sigma_i, \\sigma_0 \\}$ are compatible**]{}.\\\n\\\nNow let $\\{\\sigma_i, \\sigma_0\\}$ be compatible Hilbert representations. ", "We can define parabolic induction $$I(\\sigma_i, \\sigma_0)={{\\rm Ind}}_{\\tilde P}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} [\\otimes_{i} \\sigma_i] \\otimes \\sigma_0.$$ The smooth vectors $I^{\\infty}(\\sigma_i, \\sigma_0)$ consists of smooth sections of $${\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R) \\times_{\\tilde P} [\\otimes_{i} \\sigma_i] \\otimes \\sigma_0 \\rightarrow {\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)/\\tilde P.$$ Let us analyze the one dimensional characters of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i)$. Notice that ${\\mathcal}C \\subseteq {\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i)$. If one identifies ${\\mathcal}C$ with $\\mathbb Z$, then the component group of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i)$ can be identified with $\\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z$. Now parametrize the unitary dual of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i)/{\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i)_0$ by a real number $\\epsilon \\in [0, 1)$. As in the Siegel parabolic case, let $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ be the character of $\\frac{1}{2} \\mathbb Z$ corresponding to $\\epsilon \\in [0,1)$. Two one dimensional character $\\mu^{\\epsilon_1}$ and $\\mu^{\\epsilon_2}$ are compatible if and only if $ 2 \\epsilon_1- 2 \\epsilon_2$ is an integer. ", "For any $\\sigma_0$ of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(r_0, {\\mathbb}R)$, there are only [**two**]{} $\\epsilon_i$ such that ${\\mu}^{\\epsilon_i}$ is compatible with $\\sigma_0$.\\\n\\\nWe shall now define a [**universal**]{} $\\mu$ for ${\\widetilde}{GL}$ that are compatible with any ${\\widetilde}{GL}(r) \\hookrightarrow {\\widetilde}{GL}(s) ( r \\leq t) $. ", "Now each character $\\prod_{i} {\\mu_i}^{\\epsilon_i}$ yields a character of $\\tilde L$, which in turn, yields a character of $\\tilde P$. For simplicity, we retain $\\prod_{i}{\\mu_i}^{\\epsilon_i}$ to denote the character on $\\tilde L$ and $\\tilde P$. Let $\\nu$ be the [**universal**]{} $|\\det|$-character for ${\\widetilde}{GL}$. For $t_i \\in \\mathbb C$, we can define a character $\\prod_i \\nu_i^{t_i}$ for $\\tilde L$ and $\\tilde P$.\\\n\\\nWe may now decompose $I(\\epsilon, i t)$ as a direct integral of irreducible unitary representations of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$:\n\n \\[pla\\] Suppose that $p+q=n$ and $q>p$. Then $$I(\\epsilon, i t)|_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\cong \\int_{\\sigma \\, tempered} [{{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma^* \\otimes {\\mu}^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{it} ] \\otimes \\sigma d \\sigma.$$ Here $\\sigma^*|_{{\\mathcal}C}={\\mu}^{\\epsilon}|_{{\\mathcal}C}$ as scalars and $d \\sigma$ is a certain measure on $\\Pi_2({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$.\n\nThis Theorem can be easily derived from Theorem  \\[mix\\] and Equ. ", " \\[mt\\].\\\n\\\nNow the restriction $I(\\epsilon, i t)_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)}$ sets up an $L^2$-version Howe type duality: $$\\sigma \\in \\Pi_2({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)) \\rightarrow {{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma^* \\otimes {\\mu}^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{it} \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)).$$ Two problems arise. ", "The first is to extend this correspondence to representations beyond tempered ones. ", "One could, for instance, define a correspondence algebraically, like in  [@howe]. ", "In our situation, this will be tautological. ", "The second is a Plancherel formula for the degenerate complementary series $I(\\epsilon, t)$. One would expect a correspondence of the following form: $$\\sigma \\in \\Pi_2({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)) \\rightarrow {{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma^* \\otimes {\\mu}^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t} \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)).$$ However, to prove a statement like this would take us on a completely different route. ", "To stick with our main goal, that is, to prove the unitarity of the right hand side for certain $\\sigma$ and $t$, we will study the following invariant tensor functor $$\\sigma \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\sigma)$$ which we will define in the next section. ", "This scheme of construction is motivated by  [@li2],  [@theta],  [@unit].", "\n\nInvariant Tensor Product and Parabolic Induction\n================================================\n\nGiven an irreducible admissible representation $\\pi$ of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)$, let $V(\\pi)$ be the space of ${\\widetilde}{U}(p)$-finite vectors. ", "$V(\\pi)$ is a direct sum of irreducible ${\\widetilde}{U}(p)$-modules with finite multiplicities. ", "It is often called the Harish-Chandra module of $\\pi$. Let $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$ be the smooth vectors in the mixed model of $I(\\epsilon, t)$.\n\n \\[itp\\] Let $f \\in I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$. Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ be compatible with $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$. Let $v, u \\in V(\\pi)$. Suppose that $$\\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} | \\det(g_1 g_1^t+ I)^{-\\frac{n+1+t}{4}} (\\pi(g)v, u)| d [g] < \\infty.$$ Then we define $f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v$ to be a ${\\rm Hom \\ }_{{\\mathbb}C}(\\pi^*, \\mathbb C)$-valued function on ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ as follows: $$((f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v)(g), u)=\\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f(g h)(\\pi(h)v, u) d [h].$$ Here $\\pi^*$ is the contragredient representation in the category of Harish-Chandra modules and $(\\, , \\,)$ is the pairing between $\\pi$ and $\\pi^*$. Since $\\pi$ is unitary, $(\\, , \\,)$ can be identified with the inner product on $V(\\pi)$. Let $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\pi)$ be the space spanned by $f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v$.\n\nLet me make one remark here. ", "If $h \\in {\\mathcal}C$, we see that $$f(g h)(\\pi(h)v, u)=\\mu^{\\epsilon}(h^{-1}) f(g) \\mu^{\\epsilon}(h)(v, u)=f(g)(v, u).$$ Hence the integral $\\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f(g h)(\\pi(h)v, u) d [h]$ is well-defined.\\\n\\\nLet me give a necessary condition and a sufficient condition for the well-definedness of $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$. See Ch. ", "8.12 and 8.13  [@kn].", "\n\n \\[itp1\\] Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$. Suppose that every leading exponent $v$ of $\\pi$ satisfies $$\\Re (v)-\\mathbf{\\frac{n+1+t}{2}}+ 2 \\rho(p) \\prec 0.$$ Then $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Conversely, if $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined, then we have $$\\Re (v) -\\mathbf{\\frac{n+1+t}{2}}+ 2\\rho(p) \\preceq 0 .$$ Here $\\rho(p)=(p, p-1, \\ldots, 1)$.\n\nIf $\\pi$ is tempered, then the leading exponents of $\\pi$ are all bounded by $-\\rho(p)$. In addition, if $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is unitarizable, then $$-\\mathbf{\\frac{n+1 \\pm t}{2}} \\preceq -\\mathbf {\\frac{2p+2 \\pm t}{2}} \\prec -\\rho(p).$$ So for tempered $\\pi$ and unitarizable $I(\\epsilon, t)$, $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is always well-defined.\\\n\\\n[**From now on, we will assume that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\pi)$ is well-defined.**]{} ", "$f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v$ is a function $$g \\in {\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R) \\rightarrow \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f(g h) \\pi(h)v d [h]$$ with value in ${\\rm Hom \\ }_{{\\mathbb}C}(\\pi^*, \\mathbb C)$. In view of Equ. ", " \\[mt\\], we have the following lemma.", "\n\nLet $f \\in I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$ and $v \\in V(\\pi)$. Then $$f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v \\in {{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \n{\\rm Hom \\ }_{{\\mathbb}C}(\\pi^*, \\mathbb C) \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}.$$\n\nIn this lemma, ${{\\rm Ind}}$ means the space of sections because ${\\rm Hom \\ }_{{\\mathbb}C}(\\pi^*, \\mathbb C)$ does not have a Hilbert space structure.", "\n\nSuppose that $f \\in I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)}$, that is, $f$ is smooth and ${\\widetilde}{U}(q)$-finite. ", "Suppose that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then $f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}({\\mathbb}R)} v$ is $\\tilde U(q)$-finite. ", "So $f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}({\\mathbb}R)} v$ is in the Harish-Chandra module $$V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}).$$\n\nProof: It is easy to see that the map $f \\otimes v \\rightarrow f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v$ preserves the action of ${\\widetilde}{U}(q)$. If $f$ is ${\\widetilde}{U}(q)$-finite, then $f \\otimes v$ is ${\\widetilde}{U}(q)$-finite. ", "Therefore $f \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} v$ is also $\\tilde U(q)$-finite. ", "The $\\tilde U(q)$-finite vectors in $${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \n{\\rm Hom \\ }_{{\\mathbb}C} (\\pi^*, \\mathbb C) \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}$$ must be contained in the Harish-Chandra module $$V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}).$$ Our Lemma is proved. ", "$\\Box$\n\n \\[id\\] The invariant tensor product $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\pi)$ can be identified with $$V=V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}).$$\n\nProof: Recall that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$ contains the compactly supported $C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])$. In view of Equ. ", " \\[mt\\], it is straight forward to show that $$C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2]) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$$ is dense and smooth in the Hilbert space ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}.$ Fix a $\\tilde U(q)$-type $\\sigma$. By orthogonality, $$C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$$ must be dense in $$({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t})_{\\sigma},$$ which is finite dimensional. ", "Hence $$C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)= V_{\\sigma}.$$ It follows that $$I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\pi) \\supseteq C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)= V.$$ By the previous lemma, $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{{\\widetilde}{U}(q)} \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\pi) = V.$ $\\Box$\\\n\\\nI shall now make a final remark. ", "Fix an irreducible $\\tilde U(q)$ representation $\\sigma$. Suppose that $f \\in I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\sigma}$. Then $f {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v$ can be constructed as follows. ", "Let $\\phi$ be an arbitrary function in the $\\sigma$-isotypic subspace $$({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t})_{\\sigma}.$$ Then the value of $\\phi$ on $\\tilde U(q)$ must be in a finite dimensional subspace in $V(\\pi)$. Let $\\{ u_i \\}$ be an orthonormal basis of this finite dimensional subspace. ", "Then one can define $$(f {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v)(k)= \\sum_{i} ((f {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v)(k), u_i) u_i \\qquad (k \\in \\tilde U(q)).$$\n\nInduced Intertwining Operator and Positivity \n=============================================\n\nLet $t \\in \\mathbb R$. Recall that there is an intertwining operator $$A(\\epsilon,t): I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t),$$ with poles on reducible $t$ (see  [@vw],  [@sahi],  [@boo]). ", "If $I(\\epsilon,t)$ is irreducible, $A(\\epsilon, t)$ one-to-one and onto. ", "For complementary series $C(\\epsilon, t)$, $A(\\epsilon, t)$ is positive definite, one-to-one and onto. ", "Let $(\\, , \\,)$ be the natural sesquilinear pairing between $I(\\epsilon, t)$ and $I(\\epsilon, -t)$. The inner product of $C(\\epsilon, t)$ is given by the completion of $$(f_1, f_2)_{\\epsilon, t}=(f_1, A(\\epsilon, t) f_2).$$ Now $A(\\epsilon,t)$ intertwines the actions of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)$ and ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$. We can extend it trivially and obtain $$A(\\epsilon, t): I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t) \\otimes V(\\pi) \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t) \\otimes V(\\pi).$$ Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$. Suppose that $\\pi$ and $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ are compatible and $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, \\pm t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ are well-defined. ", "We can now construct an induced intertwining operator $$A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi): V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}) \\rightarrow \nV({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{-t})$$ via the following commutative diagram $$~\\label{cm}\n\\begin{CD}\n I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\tilde U(q)} \\otimes V(\\pi) @>{A(\\epsilon, t) } >> I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\tilde U(q)} \\otimes V(\\pi) \\\\\n@VV{{\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}}V @VV{ {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}}V \\\\\n V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}) @>{A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)} >> \n V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{-t})\n\\end{CD}$$ We call $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ the [*induced intertwining operator*]{}. ", "Presumably, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is contained in one of the intertwining operators constructed by Knapp-Stein and Vogan-Wallach ( [@ks3],  [@vw]).", "\n\n \\[wd1\\] Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$. Suppose that $\\pi$ and $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ are compatible. ", "Suppose that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, \\pm t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then the induced intertwining operator $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "$A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ intertwines the actions of ${\\mathfrak{sp}}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ and $\\tilde U(q)$.\n\nProof: To show that $A(\\epsilon, t, \\sigma)$ is well-defined, it suffices to show that $\\sum_{i} f_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_i=0$ implies $\\sum_{i} A(\\epsilon, t) f_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_i=0$. Fix a $\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u(\\tilde U(q))$. Let $f_1, f_2$ be in $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\sigma}$, using the mixed model. ", "Let $v_1, v_2 \\in V(\\sigma)$. Let $\\{ u_i\\}$ be an orthonormal basis as in the final remark of Section 4. ", "Then the natural sesqulinear pairing $$\\begin{split}\n & (f_1 {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_1, (A(\\epsilon, t)f_2) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_2) \\\\\n = & \\int_{\\tilde U(q)/\\tilde U(p) \\tilde O(q-p)} \\sum_{\\ u_i } \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f_1( k h_1) (\\pi(h_1) v_1, u_i) d [h_1] \n \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} \\overline{A(\\epsilon, t)f_2(k h_2)(\\pi(h_2) v_2, u_i)} \\\\ \n & d [h_2] d [k] \\qquad [Absolutely \\ convergent] \\\\\n = & \\int_{\\tilde U(q)/\\tilde U(p) \\tilde O(q-p)} \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f_1(k h_1) (\\pi(h_1) v_1, \\pi(h_2) v_2) \\overline{A(\\epsilon, t) f_2(k h_2)} d [h_1] d [h_2] d [k] \\\\\n = & \\int_{\\tilde U(q)/\\tilde U(p) \\tilde O(q-p)} \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f_1(k h_2 h) (\\pi(h) v_1, v_2) \\overline{A(\\epsilon, t)f_2 (k h_2)} d [ h] d [h_2 ] d [k] \\\\\n & [h=h_2^{-1} h_1] \\\\\n =& \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} \\int_{\\tilde U(q)/\\tilde U(p) \\tilde O(q-p)} \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} f_1(k h_2 h) \\overline{A(\\epsilon, t)f_2 (k h_2)} d [h_2 ] d [k] (\\pi(h) v_1, v_2) d [h] \\\\\n & [by \\, Fubini's \\, Theorem] \\\\\n = & \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} (I(\\epsilon, t)( h)f_1, A(\\epsilon, t) f_2) (\\pi(h) v_1, v_2) d [h] \\\\\n = & \\int_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)/{\\mathcal}C} (I(\\epsilon, t)( h) A(\\epsilon, t) f_1, f_2)(\\pi(h) v_1, v_2) d [h] \\\\\n = & ( (A(\\epsilon, t) f_1) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_1, f_2 {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_2))\n \\end{split}$$ Therefore $\\sum_{i} f_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_i=0$ implies $\\sum_{i} A(\\epsilon, t) f_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_i=0$. The converse is also true since $A(\\epsilon, t)$ is a surjection onto $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\tilde U(q)}$. $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Notice that the Diagram ( \\[cm\\]) commutes and the actions of ${\\mathfrak{sp}}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ and $\\tilde U(q)$ are preserved in this diagram. ", "Therefore $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ intertwines the actions of ${\\mathfrak{sp}}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ and $\\tilde U(q)$. $\\Box$\\\n\\\nObviously, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is onto. ", "It must also be one-to-one by Diagram ( \\[cm\\]).", "\n\n \\[critical\\] Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$. Suppose that $C(\\epsilon, t_0)$ is in the complementary series and $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, \\pm t_0) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, \\pm t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined for all real $-|t_0| \\leq t \\leq |t_0|$.\n\n1. ", " the induced intertwining operator $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is continuous in the interval $t \\in [-|t_0|, |t_0|]$ (for each $\\tilde U(q)$-type);\n\n2. ", " $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is one-to-one and onto for any $t \\in [-|t_0|, |t_0|]$;\n\n3. ", " $A(\\epsilon, 0, \\pi)$ is the identity.", "\n\nThe assumption that $C(\\epsilon, t)$ is in the complementary series is not absolutely necessary. ", "Our assertions remain true except at those $t$ where $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is reducible. ", "So $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ may be discontinuous and not one-to-one at reducible $t$.\n\n \\[main0\\] Fix $\\epsilon \\in [0, 1)$. Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ be compatible with $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$. Suppose that $|t_0| < \\frac{1}{2}-|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1|| $ if $q-p$ odd and $|t_0| < |\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1||$ if $q-p$ even. ", "Suppose $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, \\pm t_0) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is positive definite for all $|t| \\leq |t_0|$. Hence ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}$ is unitarizable for all $|t| \\leq |t_0|$.\n\nProof: The positivity of $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ can be established by a deformation argument. ", "Notice that $I(\\epsilon, t)$ remains irreducible for all $|t| \\leq |t_0|$.\\\n\\\nFirst $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is well-defined for all $|t| \\leq |t_0|$. It is continuous with respect to $t$ and it is always one-to-one and onto. ", "Second, since $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ intertwines the $\\tilde U(q)$ actions, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ restricted onto an $\\tilde U(q)$-type is onto and one-to-one, therefore nondegenerate. ", "Thirdly the signature of $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ restricted to each $\\tilde U(q)$-type (finite dimensional) must remain the same for $t \\in [-|t_0|, |t_0|]$. Finally $A(\\epsilon, 0, \\pi)$ restricted to each $\\tilde U(q)$-type is the identity.\\\n\\\nSo $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ restricted onto each $\\tilde U(q)$-type is positive definite. ", "Hence it is positive definite on the Harish-Chandra module level. ", "Therefore, the form $(* \\, , *)_{t}$ defined as $( * \\, , A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi) *)$ is a positive definite invariant form on $$V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t})$$ Therefore ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}$ is unitarizable. ", "$\\Box$\n\nA General Construction of $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$\n===============================================\n\nIt turns out that one can construct $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ in a much more general context. ", "In particular, one can construct $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ for all unitary $\\pi$ when $t$ is sufficiently negative. ", "The idea is as follows. [**", "Fix $\\epsilon \\in [0, 1)$ and $ t <0$**]{}. ", "Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ be compatible. ", "Consider the intertwining operator $$A(\\epsilon, t): C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\tilde U(q)} \\subseteq I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\tilde U(q)} \\rightarrow I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\tilde U(q)}.$$ The invariant tensor product $C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2]) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is always well-defined (see Definition  \\[itp\\]). ", "In particular $$C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\tilde U(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)=V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}).$$ Now suppose that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\tilde U(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then we can define the [*induced intertwining operator*]{} $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ by the following diagram: $$~\\label{cds}\n\\begin{CD}\n C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\tilde U(q)} \\otimes V(\\pi) @>{A(\\epsilon, t) } >> I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\tilde U(q)} \\otimes V(\\pi) \\\\\n@VV{{\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}}V @VV{ {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}}V \\\\\n V({{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}) @>{A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)} >> \n V( {{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{-t})\n\\end{CD}$$ Strictly speaking, we should have chosen a different notation for $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$. As we shall show in Theorem  \\[criticals\\], $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ we construct in this section will coincide with $A(\\epsilon, t , \\pi)$ we constructed in the last section if $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\tilde U(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is also well-defined. ", "This allows us to view $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ here as a generalization of the construction from the last section.", "\n\n \\[wd2\\] Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ and $t \\leq 0$. Suppose that $\\pi$ and $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$ are compatible. ", "Suppose that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, - t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "In addition, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ intertwines the action of ${\\mathfrak{sp}}(q, {\\mathbb}R)$ and $\\tilde U(q)$.\n\nProof: Fix a $\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u(\\tilde U(q))$. Let $f_1, f_2$ be in $C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma}$, using the mixed model. ", "Let $v_1, v_2 \\in V(\\sigma)$. Let $\\{ u_i\\}$ be an orthonormal basis as in the final remark of Section 4. ", "Then the natural pairing $$(f_1 {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_1, (A(\\epsilon, t)f_2) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_2) =( (A(\\epsilon, t) f_1) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_1, f_2 {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}\\ v_2).$$ Therefore $\\sum_{i} f_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_i=0$ implies $\\sum_{i} A(\\epsilon, t) f_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v_i=0$. The Diagram ( \\[cds\\]) commutes. ", "$A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "$\\Box$\\\n\\\nNotice from Definition  \\[itp\\], if $t$ is sufficiently negative, $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, - t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is always well-defined. ", "So $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is well-defined for $t$ sufficiently negative with possible poles at reducible points. ", "For $t$ close to zero, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ can perhaps be constructed by analytic continuation. ", "It is an interesting problem to identify this intertwining operator in the standard construction ( [@kn]).\\\n\\\nIn the general context, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ may have a kernel. ", "However, if $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is irreducible, $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ will be surjective. ", "Therefore $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ must be one-to-one and nondegenerate.", "\n\n \\[criticals\\] Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ and $t_0 \\leq 0$. Suppose that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, - t_0) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then\n\n1. ", " $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, - t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined for all real $ t \\leq t_0$.\n\n2. ", " the induced intertwining operator $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is continuous on the interval $(-\\infty, t_0)$ except at those $t$ for which $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is reducible;\n\n3. ", " $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is onto and one-to-one for $t \\in (-\\infty, t_0)$ except at those $t$ for which $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is reducible.", "\n\nThe reader shall compare this Lemma with Lemma  \\[critical\\].\\\n\\\nProof: The first assertion follows from Definition  \\[itp\\]. ", "The second assertion follows from the computation in Theorems  \\[wd1\\] and  \\[wd2\\]. ", "We shall now prove the third assertion. ", "Fix a $\\sigma \\in \\Pi_u(\\tilde U(q))$. Notice than $$A(\\epsilon, t) C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} \\subseteq I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\sigma}.$$ Hence $$\\begin{split}\n & A(\\epsilon, t) C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi) \\\\\n \\subseteq & I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi) \\\\\n = & [{{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{-t}]_{\\sigma} \\\\\n = & C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, -t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi).", "\n \\end{split}$$ It suffices to prove that $$A(\\epsilon, t) C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)=C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, -t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi).$$ We will show that every element on the right hand side can be approximated by elements on the left hand side. ", "Since both sides are finite dimensional, they must be equal.\\\n\\\nNow let $f \\in C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, -t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma} \\subset I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)_{\\sigma}$. Then $A(\\epsilon, t)^{-1} f \\in I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\sigma}$. One can choose a sequence $\\phi_i$ in $C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2])_{\\sigma}$ such that $\\phi_i \\rightarrow A(\\epsilon, t)^{-1} f$ under the Frechet topology in $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)$. Then $$A(\\epsilon, t) \\phi_i \\rightarrow f$$ under the Frechet topology in $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t)$ (see  [@vw]). ", "In particular, $A(\\epsilon, t) \\phi_i$ converges to $f$ uniformly in the compact picture. ", "In the mixed model $$\\| (A(\\epsilon, t) \\phi_i- f)(k_2 g_1) (\\det g_1 g_1^t +1)^{\\frac{n+1+t}{4}} \\|_{\\sup} \\rightarrow 0.$$ Now it is easy to see that $A(\\epsilon, t) \\phi_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v \\rightarrow f {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v$ uniformly on ${\\widetilde}{U}(q)$. Hence $A(\\epsilon, t) \\phi_i {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v \\rightarrow f {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}v$ in the Hilbert space $${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{-t}.$$ $\\Box$\\\n\\\nObserve that $$A(\\epsilon, t) C^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2]) \\subseteq I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t), \\qquad\nC^{\\infty}_{c}({\\mathcal}M_{\\epsilon, t}, d [g_1] d [k_2]) \\subseteq I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t).$$ When $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, t)_{\\tilde U(q)} {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is also well-defined, the $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ here coincides with the $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ constructed in the last section. ", "So there is no ambiguity.", "\n\n \\[main\\] Let $\\epsilon \\in [0, 1)$. Let $\\pi \\in \\Pi_u({\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R))$ be compatible with $\\mu^{\\epsilon}$. Suppose that $0 \\geq t > t_0$ where $t_0=-\\frac{1}{2}+|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1|| $ if $q-p$ is odd and $t_0=-|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon-1||$ if $q-p$ is even. ", "Suppose $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, 0) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "Then $A(\\epsilon, t, \\pi)$ is positive definite. ", "Hence ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R){\\widetilde}{GL}(q-p)N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(q, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi \\otimes \\mu^{\\epsilon} \\otimes {\\nu}^{t}$ is unitarizable.", "\n\nProof: Under our assumption, $I(\\epsilon, t)$ is irreducible and unitarizable. ", "By Theorem  \\[criticals\\], $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, 0) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined implies that $I^{\\infty}(\\epsilon, -t) {\\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(p, {\\mathbb}R)}}V(\\pi)$ is well-defined. ", "This theorem can be proved essentially the same way as Theorem  \\[main0\\]. ", "$\\Box$\\\n\\\nI shall make a final remark. ", "The assumptions in this theorem are considerably weaker than the assumptions in Theorem  \\[main0\\]. ", "Over the boundary point $t_0$ for which $I(\\epsilon, t_0)$ is reducible, if one can choose a continuous $A(\\epsilon, t)$ such that $A(\\epsilon, t_0, \\pi)$ is surjective, our unitarity theorem can be carried over to the next interval $(t_1, t_0)$. Here $I(\\epsilon, t)$ must remain irreducible on $(t_1, t_0)$.\n\nInduced Complementary Series\n============================\n\nNow we can apply Theorem  \\[main\\] to build induced complementary series. ", "Let us first give some results concerning complementary principal series.", "\n\nLet $\\sigma=\\{\\sigma_i\\}_{i=1}^{n}$ be a compatible set of characters of the component group of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(1)$, namely $\\exp 4 \\pi \\sqrt{-1} \\sigma_i m= \\exp 4 \\pi \\sqrt{-1} \\sigma_j m \\ (m \\in {\\mathbb}Z \\cong {\\mathcal}C )$. ", "Put $t_1= | 2 \\sigma_1-1|$ and $t_i=\\frac{1}{2}-|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\sigma_i-1||$ for $i >1$. Then $$I(\\sigma, v)={{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{GL}(1)^{n} N }^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\otimes ({\\mu}^{\\sigma_i} \\otimes {\\nu}^{v_i})$$ is unitarizable if $v_i \\in (-t_i, t_i)$ for every $i$.\n\nProof: We prove this by induction on $n$. First of all, if $n=1$, ${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{GL}(1)}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(1, {\\mathbb}R)} {\\mu}^{\\sigma_1} \\otimes {\\nu}^{v_1}$ is unitary if and only if $v_1 \\in [-t_1, t_1]$, by a result due to Pukánszky ( [@puk]). ", "Now suppose our theorem is true for $n-1$. Let $\\pi={{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{GL}(1)^{n-1} N }^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n-1, {\\mathbb}R)} \\otimes_i ({\\mu}^{\\sigma_i} \\otimes {\\nu}^{v_i})$ with $v_i \\in (-t_i, t_i)$. Then leading exponents $\\lambda$ of $\\pi$ must be of the form $ w(v)- \\rho(n-1)$, with $w$ a Weyl group element and $\\rho(n-1)$ half sum of positive roots. ", "Hence $\\Re(\\lambda) \\prec -(n-2, n-3, \\ldots, 1, 0)$. Now consider $I(\\sigma_n, t; 2n-1)$ of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(2n-1, {\\mathbb}R)$ with $t \\leq 0$. By Sahi’s Theorem, $I(\\sigma_n, t; 2n-1)$ is unitarizable if $t \\in (-t_n, t_n)$. Clearly, $$\\Re(\\lambda) -\\mathbf{ \\frac{2n-1+1}{2}}+ 2 \\rho(n-1) \\prec 0$$ Hence $I(\\epsilon_n, 0; 2n-1) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n-1, {\\mathbb}R)} \\pi$ is well-defined. ", "By Theorem  \\[main\\], $${{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{GL}(1)^{n} N }^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\otimes_{i=1}^n ({\\mu}^{\\sigma_i} \\otimes {\\nu}^{v_i})={{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{GL}(1) {\\widetilde}{Sp}(n-1, {\\mathbb}R) N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} {\\mu}^{\\sigma_n} \\otimes {\\nu}^{v_n} \\otimes \\pi$$ is unitarizable if $v_n \\in (-t_n, t_n)$. $\\Box$\\\n\\\nFor $\\sigma_i=0, \\frac{1}{2}$, the representation $I(\\sigma, v)$ becomes a representation of the linear group. ", "In this case, our theorem says nothing about the complementary series while there are plenty of complementary series at least when all $\\sigma_i=0$ ( [@ko]). ", "For $\\sigma_i=\\frac{1}{4}, \\frac{3}{4}$, our theorem says that $I(\\sigma, v)$ is unitarizable if $v \\in (-\\frac{1}{2}, \\frac{1}{2})^n$. These are the genuine principal complementary series of $Mp(n, {\\mathbb}R)$. In particular, complementary series of size $(-\\frac{1}{2}, \\frac{1}{2})^n$ exist in every genuine principal series. ", "Some of these complementary series were discussed in  [@abptv] and  [@barba].\\\n\\\nNow let us deal with degenerate principal series. ", "The theorem we are about to state is not the most general one. ", "Our goal here is to show how one can build complementary series inductively.", "\n\n \\[mu1\\] Let $L=\\prod_{i=1}^{l} GL(r_i) Sp(r_0, {\\mathbb}R)$ with $$r_1 \\leq r_2 \\leq \\ldots \\leq r_l, \\qquad \\sum_{i=0}^{l} r_i=n.$$ Let $\\sigma_0$ be a tempered irreducible representation of ${\\widetilde}{Sp}(r_0, {\\mathbb}R)$. Let the character ${\\mu}^{\\epsilon_i}$ of ${\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i)$ be compatible with $\\sigma_0$. Let $$I(\\epsilon, v, \\sigma_0)={{\\rm Ind}}_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(r_0, {\\mathbb}R) \\Pi_{i=1}^{l} {\\widetilde}{GL}(r_i) N}^{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n, {\\mathbb}R)} \\sigma_0 \\otimes (\\otimes_{i=1}^{l} {\\mu_i}^{\\epsilon_i} \\otimes {\\nu_i}^{v_i}) .$$ Let $t_i=\\frac{1}{2}-|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon_i-1||$ if $r_i$ is odd, $t_i=|\\frac{1}{2}-|2 \\epsilon_i-1||$ if $r_i$ is even. ", "Then $I(\\epsilon, v, \\sigma_0)$ is unitarizable if $|v_i| < t_i$ all every $i \\in [1, l]$.\n\nProof: We proceed by induction on $i$. When $i=1$, by Lemma  \\[itp1\\], $I(\\epsilon_1, v_1; 2r_0+r_1) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(n_0, {\\mathbb}R)} V(\\sigma_0)$ is well-defined for $|v_1| \\leq t_1$. By Theorem  \\[main0\\], $I(\\epsilon_1, v_1, \\sigma_0)$ is unitarizable. ", "In addition, leading exponents of $I(\\epsilon_1, v_1, \\sigma_0)$ are bounded by $$(\\frac{r_1-1}{2}+|v_1|, \\frac{r_1-1}{2}-|v_1|, \\frac{r_1-3}{2}+|v_1|, \\frac{r_1-3}{2}-|v_1| \\ldots, 0, \\ldots, 0) - \\rho(r_0+r_1)$$ $$\\preceq ( -r_0-\\frac{r_1}{2}, -r_0-\\frac{r_1}{2}+1, \\ldots, 0)$$ Here the last sequence has increment $1$. It can be easily checked that $$( -r_0-\\frac{r_1}{2}, -r_0-\\frac{r_1-2}{2}, \\ldots, 0)-\\mathbf{\\frac{2r_0+2r_1+r_2+1}{2}} \\prec -2 \\rho(r_0+r_1)$$ since $r_2 \\geq r_1$. So $$I(\\epsilon_2, 0; 2r_0+2 r_1+r_2) \\otimes_{{\\widetilde}{Sp}(r_0+r_1, {\\mathbb}R)} V(I(\\epsilon_1, v_1, \\sigma_0))$$ is well-defined. ", "By Theorem  \\[main\\], $I(\\epsilon_1, \\epsilon_2, v_1, v_2, \\sigma_0)$ is unitary. ", "Our theorem follows by continuing this process. ", "$\\Box$\n\n[99]{} \\[ABPTV\\] J. Adam, D. Barbasch, A. Paul, P. Trapa, D. Vogan Unitary Shimura correspondences for split real groups , [*J. Amer. ", "Math. ", "Soc.* ]{} ", "Vol. ", "20 2007, (701 - 751). ", "\\[B8\\] D. Barbasch Unitary Spherical Spectrum For Split Classical Groups preprint, 2008. ", "\\[BSS\\] D. Barbasch, S. Sahi, B. Speh Degenerate series representations for ${\\rm GL}(2n,R)$ and Fourier analysis, (Rome, 1988), Sympos. ", "Math., ", "XXXI, Academic Press, London, 1990, (45-69). ", "\\[Bar\\] V. Bargmann Irreducible unitary representations of the Lorentz group , [*Annals of Math.*]{}, (", "Vol 48), 1947 (568-640). ", "\\[BOO\\] T. Branson, G. Olafsson, B. [Ø]{}rsted, Spectrum Generating Operators and Intertwining Operators for Representations Induced from a Maximal Parabolic Subgroup, , (Vol. ", "135), 1996, (163-205). ", "\\[Du\\] M. Duflo, Réprésentation unitaires irréductibles des groupes simples complexes de rang deux, 107 (1979), no. ", "1, 55–96.", "\n\n\\[He00\\] Hongyu He, Theta Correspondence I-Semistable Range: Construction and Irreducibility , [*Communications in Contemporary Mathematics* ]{} (Vol 2), 2000, (255-283). ", "\\[Heu\\] Hongyu He, Unitary Representations and Theta Correspondence for Classical Groups of Type I, [*Journal of Functional Analysis*]{}, Vol 199, Issue 1, (2003), 92-121. ", "\\[Henu\\] Hongyu He [*Unipotent Representations and Quantum Induction*]{}, preprint, http://www.arxiv.org/math.GR/0210372, 2002. ", "\\[Hec\\] Hongyu He, Restrictions of Degenerate Principal Series of the Universal Covering of the Symplectic Group , 2008, http://math.lsu.edu/ hongyu/pub/complementary.pdf (1-15). ", "\\[HL\\] R. Howe, S. Lee, Degenerate principal series representations of ${\\rm GL}_n({\\mathbb}C)$ and ${\\rm GL}\\sb n({\\mathbb}R)$, 166 (1999), no. ", "2, 244-309. ", "\\[Ho89\\] R. Howe, Transcending Classical Invariant Theory, (V. 2), 1989 (535-552). ", "\\[Joh\\] K. Johnson, Degenerate principal series and compact groups, 287 (1990), no. ", "4, 703-718. ", "\\[KN\\] A. Knapp, [*Representation Theory on Semisimple Groups: An Overview Based on Examples*]{} Princeton University Press, 1986. ", "\\[KS\\] A. Knapp, E. Stein, Intertwining operators for semisimple groups (2) 93 (1971), 489–578. ", "\\[KS2\\] A. Knapp, E. Stein, Intertwining operators for semisimple groups. ", "II, 60 (1980), no. ", "1, 9–84. ", "\\[KS3\\] A. Knapp, E. Stein, Some new intertwining operators for semisimple groups, (Marseille, 1980), pp. ", "303-336, Lecture Notes in Math., ", "880, Springer, Berlin-New York, 1981. ", "\\[Kostant\\] B. Kostant On the existence and irreducibility of certain series of representations, 75 (1969) 627-642. ", "\\[KR\\] S. Kudla and S. Rallis, Degenerate Principal Series and Invariant Distribution, [*Israel Journal of Mathematics,*]{} (Vol. ", "69, No. ", "1), 1990, (25-45). ", "\\[Lee\\] S. T. Lee Degenerate principal series representations of ${\\rm Sp}(2n, R)$, 103 (1996), no. ", "2, (123-151). ", "\\[LZ\\] S. T. Lee, C-B. Zhu, Degenerate Principal Series and Local Theta Correspondence II , [*Israel Journal of Mathematics, 100*]{}, 1997, (29-59). ", "\\[LI89\\] J-S. Li, Singular Unitary Representation of Classical Groups, (V. 97), 1989 (237-255). ", "\\[OZ\\] B. [Ø]{}rsted, G. Zhang, Generalized Principal Series Representations and Tube Domain,, (Vol. ", "78), 1995 (335-357). ", "\\[Puk\\] L. Pukánszky, The Plancherel formula for the universal covering group of ${\\rm SL}(2, R),$ 156 1964, (96-143). ", "\\[Sahi\\] S. Sahi, Unitary Representations on the Shilov Boundary of a Symmetric Tube Domain, [*Representation Theory of Groups and Algebras*]{}, (275-286), [**Comtemp. ", "Math. ", "145**]{}, Amer. ", "Math. ", "Soc., ", "Providence, RI, 1993. ", "\\[SV\\] B. Speh, D. Vogan, Reducibility of generalized principal series representations, 145 (1980), no. ", "3-4, 227-299. ", "\\[Vogan\\] D. Vogan, The Unitary Dual of $ GL(n)$ over an Archimedean field Page 449-505 (1986). ", "\\[Vog2\\] D. Vogan, The unitary dual of $G\\sb 2$, 116 (1994), no. ", "1-3, 677-791. ", "\\[VW\\] D. Vogan and N. Wallach, Intertwining Operators for Real Reductive Groups, , Vol 82, 1990 (203-243).", "\n\n[^1]: This research is supported in part by an NSF grant and LSU.", "\n" ]

[ 0.00683371298405467, 0, 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0.002277904328018223, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0.011235955056179775, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0.006711409395973154, 0.010416666666666666, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0.019390581717451522, 0, 0, 0.08333333333333333, 0.005202913631633715, 0, 0, 0.0014492753623188406, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005813953488372093, 0.014388489208633094, 0, 0, 0, 0.012711864406779662, 0.009852216748768473, 0, 0.004694835680751174, 0, 0.0036900369003690036, 0.00949367088607595, 0.017615176151761516, 0, 0, 0, 0.014285714285714285, 0.023529411764705882, 0.011146496815286623, 0.008084074373484237, 0.0034071550255536627, 0.013888888888888888, 0.011111111111111112, 0.021341463414634148, 0.0033085194375516956, 0.008281573498964804, 0.009161381254404511, 0.0015220700152207, 0.0023612750885478157, 0.0111731843575419, 0.007371007371007371, 0, 0.0036900369003690036, 0.012437810945273632, 0, 0.004159733777038269, 0, 0.0106951871657754, 0.003703703703703704, 0, 0.005106382978723404, 0.006726457399103139, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0.00998003992015968, 0, 0.0410958904109589, 0, 0, 0.007588532883642495, 0.0024154589371980675, 0.047619047619047616, 0.0035714285714285713, 0.002680965147453083, 0.01509433962264151, 0, 0.006550218340611353, 0, 0, 0, 0.004149377593360996, 0, 0.00663716814159292, 0.012552301255230125, 0.0068212824010914054, 0.0088339222614841, 0, 0.0049261083743842365, 0.010351966873706004, 0.0136986301369863, 0.019417475728155338, 0.011347517730496455, 0.009918845807033363, 0.02040816326530612, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0.004347826086956522, 0, 0.004965243296921549, 0.006944444444444444, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0.012711864406779662, 0.00684931506849315, 0, 0, 0, 0.010101010101010102, 0.011904761904761904, 0.005747126436781609, 0.009345794392523364, 0.005479452054794521, 0.013452914798206279, 0, 0, 0, 0.008830022075055188, 0.005128205128205128, 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0.004784688995215311, 0.007194244604316547, 0.006211180124223602, 0, 0.007352941176470588, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006355932203389831, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005714285714285714, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0.005050505050505051, 0, 0, 0.01775147928994083, 0.022556390977443608, 0.0078125, 0, 0, 0.004076086956521739, 0, 0.00505902192242833, 0, 0.00554016620498615, 0, 0.003472222222222222, 0, 0, 0.011695906432748537, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045045045045045045, 0, 0.008368200836820083, 0.007233273056057866, 0.0027397260273972603, 0.005, 0.0021141649048625794, 0.006329113924050633, 0, 0.015267175572519083, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0.002785515320334262, 0, 0, 0, 0.028169014084507043, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.029197080291970802, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.019417475728155338, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.02586206896551724, 0, 0.005780346820809248, 0.005813953488372093, 0.015625, 0.0111731843575419, 0.006896551724137931, 0, 0.024096385542168676, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0.007633587786259542, 0.010416666666666666, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0.1111111111111111, 0.02830188679245283, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0.023076923076923078, 0, 0, 0.019801980198019802, 0, 0.013422818791946308, 0, 0.019801980198019802, 0, 0.025210084033613446, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0, 0, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.029850746268656716, 0 ]

[ "Update: The five finalists for the 2015 Mies van der Rohe Award will be announced on February 25 at 12 UTC. ", "40 projects from 17 European countries have been shortlisted for the 2015 European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture – Mies van der Rohe Award. ", "Chosen from the 420 original nominees, five of the shortlisted projects will be chosen for the next round of selection, to be announced at the end of February in London. ", "These selected architects will then present their projects before a committee on May 7, who will select one recipient of the highly esteemed international design award, as well as one recipient of the Emerging Architect Prize. ", "The winners will be announced the following day at the Mies van der Rohe Pavilion in Barcelona.", "\n\n+ 41\n\nThe next round of the decision process will consist of the jury visiting each of the five finalists' designs to gain feedback from their occupants. ", "Additionally, two publications showcasing the original 420 nominees and the five finalists will be presented at the final selection panel to recognize the stellar designs that have emerged in Europe over the past two years.", "\n\nOf the remaining 40 projects, 40% of their programs represent cultural architecture, with lesser percentages representing educational, mixed use, religious, and urban works projects. ", "This break-down is 16 Cultural, 4 Education, 3 Mixed Use, 3 Religious, 3 Urban, 2 Commercial, 2 Hotels, 2 Residential, 1 Funerary, 1 Landscape, 1 Single-family House, 1 Social Welfare, and 1 Sport of the shortlisted works.", "\n\nThe remaining 40 projects are the following:\n\nAUSTRIA\n\n\n\n2226 / Baumschlager Eberle Lustenau\n\nBELGIUM\n\n\n\nHostel Wadi in Hoge Rielen / Studio Associato Bernardo Secchi-Paola Viganò\n\nGERMANY\n\n\n\nImmanuel Church / Sauerbruch Hutton\n\nGleisdreieck Park / Atelier Loidl\n\nR50 – Cohousing / Heide & Von Beckerath; Ifau und Jesko Fezer\n\nRavensburg Art Museum / Lederer Ragnarsdóttir Oei\n\nSave this picture! ", "Ravensburg Art Museum. ", "Image © Roland Halbe\n\nDENMARK\n\n\n\nVartov Square / Hall McKnight\n\nMoesgaard Museum / Henning Larsen Architects\n\nDanish Maritime Museum / BIG - Bjarke Ingels Group\n\nSave this picture! ", "Danish Maritime Museum. ", "Image © Rasmus Hjortshoj\n\nChildrens Home of the Future / CEBRA architecture\n\nSave this picture! ", "Childrens Home Of The Future. ", "Image © Mikkel Frost\n\nForfatterhuset Kindergarten / COBE\n\nSave this picture! ", "Forfatterhuset Kindergarten. ", "Image © Rasmus Hjortshøj and Adam Mørk\n\nSPAIN\n\n\n\nAtrio - Relais Châteaux / Mansilla + Tuñón Arquitectos\n\nPublic Equipment: Urban Park and Transportation Hub / Ábalos + Sentkiewicz Arquitectos; Arquitectura Agronomia\n\nSave this picture! ", "Public Equipment: Urban Park And Transportation Hub. ", "Image © José Hevia\n\nPublic Library / Paredes Pedrosa Arquitectos\n\nSave this picture! ", "Public Library In Ceuta. ", "Image © Fernando Alda\n\nLuz House / Arquitectura-g\n\nContemporary Art Centre / Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos\n\nSave this picture! ", "Contemporary Art Center. ", "Image © Roland Halbe\n\nFRANCE\n\n\n\nSoulages Museum / RCR Arquitectes\n\nFRAC - Regional Contemporary Artwork Collection / Lacaton & Vassal Architectes\n\nSave this picture! ", "Frac - Regional Contemporary Artwork Collection. ", "Image © Philippe Ruault\n\nMarseille Vieux Port / Foster + Partners\n\nSave this picture! ", "Marseille Vieux Port. ", "Image © Nigel Young\n\nGREECE\n\n\n\nRedevelopment of the New Waterfront / Nikiforidis-Cuomo Architects\n\nSave this picture! ", "Redevelopment Of The New Waterfront In Thessaloniki. ", "Image © Prodromos Nikiforidis\n\nIRELAND\n\n\n\nUniversity of Limerick, Medical School, Student Housing, Piazza and Pergola / Grafton Architects\n\nSave this picture! ", "University Of Limerick, Medical School, Student Housing, Piazza And Pergola. ", "Image © Dennis Gilbert\n\nWaterford Medieval Museum / Waterford City Council Architects\n\nSave this picture! ", "Waterford Medieval Museum. ", "Image © Philip Lauterbach\n\nICELAND\n\n\n\nH71a / Studio Granda\n\nITALY\n\n\n\nExpo Gate / Scandurra Studio Architettura\n\nAntinori Winery / Archea Associati\n\nNETHERLANDS\n\n\n\nRijksmuseum / Cruz Y Ortiz Arquitectos\n\nEducation Centre Erasmus Mc / Kaan Architecten\n\nSave this picture! ", "Education Center Erasmus Mc. ", "Image © Bart Gosselin\n\nDe Rotterdam / OMA\n\nSave this picture! ", "De Rotterdam. ", "Image © Ossip van Duivenbode\n\nRozet, Culture House / Neutelings Riedijk Architects\n\nPOLAND\n\n\n\nSilesian Museum / Riegler Riewe Architekten\n\nPhilarmonic Hall Szczecin / BarozziVeiga; Studio A4\n\nSave this picture! ", "Philarmonic Hall Szczecin. ", "Image © Simon Menges\n\nMuseum of the History of Polish Jews / Architects Lahdelma & Mahlamäki\n\nSave this picture! ", "Museum Of The History Of Polish Jews. ", "Image © Pawel Paniczko\n\nPORTUGAL\n\n\n\nArquipélago - Contemporary Arts Centre / Francisco Vieira de Campos, Cristina Guedes (Menos é Mais Arquitectos) and João Mendes Ribeiro (João Mendes Ribeiro Arquitecto)\n\nSave this picture! ", "Arquipélago - Contemporary Arts Centre. ", "Image © Francisco Vieira de Campos, Cristina Guedes (Menos é Mais Arquitectos) and João Mendes Ribeiro (João Mendes Ribeiro Arquitecto)\n\nHigh Performance Rowing Centre / SpacialAR-TE\n\nSave this picture! ", "High Performance Rowing Center. ", "Image © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG\n\nROMANIA\n\n\n\n'Urban Spaces' Dogarilor Apartment Building / ADN Birou de Arhitectura\n\nSave this picture! '", "urban Spaces' Dogarilor Apartment Building. ", "Image © Cosmin Dragomir\n\nSWEDEN\n\n\n\nThe New Crematorium of the Woodland Cemetery / Johan Celsing Arkitektkontor\n\nSave this picture! ", "The New Crematorium Of The Woodland Cemetery. ", "Image © Ioana Marinescu\n\nTURKEY\n\n\n\nSancaklar Mosque / EAA - Emre Arolat Architects\n\nUNITED KINGDOM\n\n\n\nSaw Swee Hock Student Centre, London School of Economics / O’Donnell + Tuomey\n\nSave this picture! ", "Saw Swee Hock Student Centre, London School Of Economics. ", "Image © Dennis Gilbert\n\nEveryman Theatre / Haworth Tompkins\n\nBishop Edward King Chapel / Niall McLaughlin Architects" ]

[ 0.018518518518518517, 0.006578947368421052, 0, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0, 0.018018018018018018, 0.010025062656641603, 0.043478260869565216, 0.0055248618784530384, 0.041666666666666664, 0.010416666666666666, 0.03333333333333333, 0, 0, 0.012711864406779662, 0, 0, 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0.04, 0.006024096385542169, 0.02040816326530612, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0.03773584905660377, 0.012578616352201259, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0.03225806451612903, 0.07142857142857142, 0.02843601895734597, 0, 0, 0, 0.02666666666666667, 0.024390243902439025, 0.029556650246305417, 0, 0.007352941176470588, 0.022727272727272728, 0.015267175572519083, 0.021739130434782608, 0.01, 0.017241379310344827, 0.008620689655172414 ]

[ "Clinical studies have shown a correlation between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). ", "We propose a preclinical investigation of relationship between these diseases. ", "The long term objective of this project is twofold: to determine how these diseases are linked mechanistically and to investigate possible therapeutic interventions. ", "Our first aim is to investigate PD as a risk factor for T2D. We will inject 6-hydroxydopamine into the nigrostriatal pathway and analyze the effect of dopamine depletion on insulin signaling in the brain and periphery. ", "In our second experimental aim, we will use a model of insulin resistance (high fat diet) to analyze mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus may play a role in development of PD. ", "High blood glucose and insulin levels have been shown to affect dopamine function in the brain. ", "We will analyze the effects of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia on brain insulin signaling, DA function in the basal ganglia, and neural oxidative stress levels. ", "Our final aim will investigate whether insulin resistance exacerbates dopaminergic degeneration in a partial lesion model, and whether a pharmacological intervention can alleviate this effect. ", "This is important because environmental factors that cause oxidative damage, such as pesticides, have been shown to increase the likelihood of developing PD. ", "It is important to determine whether the effects of environmental exposure to oxidants could be compounded by insulin resistance. ", "Determining how these diseases are linked is the first step in disrupting this relationship and decreasing the likelihood that an individual who suffers from either PD or T2D will later develop both diseases. ", "In addition, we will also provide greater mechanistic insight into the pathologies mediating each specific disease. ", "Relevance to public health: Many Parkinson's patients have abnormal glucose tolerance, which may be exacerbated by L-DOPA therapy and increase side effects of therapy such as dyskenesias. ", "In addition, a recent clinical study has found individuals with T2D to be 83% more likely to develop PD than their non-diabetic counterparts, indicating T2D as a possible risk factor for PD. ", "A mechanistic association between T2D and PD demands attention. ", "Failure to address this looming clinical issue could result in increased incidence of each disease, increased disease severity, and decreased therapeutic effectiveness." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.0045662100456621, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "#!", "/usr/bin/env ruby\n# Encoding: utf-8\n#\n# Copyright:: Copyright 2020, Google LLC\n#\n# License:: Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or\n# implied.", "\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.", "\n#\n# This example submits a site for approval.", "\n\nrequire 'ad_manager_api'\n\ndef submit_sites_for_approval(ad_manager, site_id)\n # Get the SiteService.", "\n site_service = ad_manager.service(:SiteService, API_VERSION)\n\n # Create a statement to get the site to activate.", "\n statement = ad_manager.new_statement_builder do |sb|\n sb.where = 'id = :site_id'\n sb.with_bind_variable('site_id', site_id)\n end\n\n # Perform action.", "\n result = site_service.perform_site_action(\n {:xsi_type => 'SubmitSiteForApproval'}, statement.to_statement()\n )\n\n # Display results.", "\n if !", "result.nil? && ", "result[:num_changes] > 0\n puts \"Number of sites submitted for approval: %d\" % result[:num_changes]\n else\n puts 'No sites submitted for approval.'", "\n end\nend\n\nif __FILE__ == $0\n API_VERSION = :v202008\n\n # Get AdManagerApi instance and load configuration from ~/ad_manager_api.yml.", "\n ad_manager = AdManagerApi::Api.new\n\n # To enable logging of SOAP requests, set the log_level value to 'DEBUG' in\n # the configuration file or provide your own logger:\n # ad_manager.logger = Logger.new('ad_manager_xml.log')\n\n begin\n site_id = 'INSERT_SITE_ID_HERE'.to_i\n submit_sites_for_approval(ad_manager, site_id)\n\n # HTTP errors.", "\n rescue AdsCommon::Errors::HttpError => e\n puts \"HTTP Error: %s\" % e\n\n # API errors.", "\n rescue AdManagerApi::Errors::ApiException => e\n puts \"Message: %s\" % e.message\n puts 'Errors:'\n e.errors.each_with_index do |error, index|\n puts \"\\tError [%d]:\" % (index + 1)\n error.each do |field, value|\n puts \"\\t\\t%s: %s\" % [field, value]\n end\n end\n end\nend\n" ]

[ 0, 0.02145922746781116, 0.00819672131147541, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0.008620689655172414, 0, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0 ]

[ "/*******************************************************************************\n * @license\n * Copyright (c) 2010, 2012 IBM Corporation and others.", "\n * All rights reserved. ", "This program and the accompanying materials are made \n * available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 \n * (http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html), and the Eclipse Distribution \n * License v1.0 (http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.html). ", "\n * \n * Contributors: IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation\n ******************************************************************************/\n\n/*eslint-env browser, amd*/\ndefine(['orion/compare/compareUtils'], function(mCompareUtils) {\nvar orion = orion || {};\n\norion.", "CompareRuler = (function() {\n\t/**\n\t * Creates a new ruler for the compare editor.", "\n\t * @class The compare ruler is used by the compare editor to render trim around the editor.", "\n\t * @name orion.compare.rulers.", "CompareRuler\n\t */\n\tfunction CompareRuler (rulerLocation, rulerOverview, rulerStyle) {\n\t\tthis._location = rulerLocation || \"left\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\tthis._overview = rulerOverview || \"page\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\tthis._rulerStyle = rulerStyle;\n\t\tthis._editor = null;\n\t\tvar self = this;\n\t\tthis._listener = {\n\t\t\tonModelChanged: function(e) {\n\t\t\t\tself._onModelChanged(e);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t};\n\t}\n\tCompareRuler.prototype = /** @lends orion.compare.rulers.CompareRuler.prototype */ {\n\t\tsetView: function (editor) {\n\t\t\tif (this._onModelChanged && this._editor) {\n\t\t\t\tthis._editor.removeEventListener(\"ModelChanged\", this._listener.onModelChanged); //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tthis._editor = editor;\n\t\t\tif (this._onModelChanged && this._editor) {\n\t\t\t\tthis._editor.addEventListener(\"ModelChanged\", this._listener.onModelChanged); //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetLocation: function() {\n\t\t\treturn this._location;\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetOverview: function(editor) {\n\t\t\treturn this._overview;\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetAnnotationModel: function() {\n\t\t\treturn null;\n\t\t},\n\t\taddAnnotationType: function(type) {\n\t\t},\n\t\tisAnnotationTypeVisible: function(type) {\n\t\t\treturn false;\n\t\t},\n\t\tremoveAnnotationType: function(type) {\n\t\t},\n\t\tsetAnnotationModel: function (annotationModel) {\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetAnnotations: function(startLine, endLine) {\n\t\t\tvar result = [];\n\t\t\tfor (var i=startLine; i<endLine; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tvar style = this.getStyle(i);\n\t\t\t\tif(style){\n\t\t\t\t\tresult[i] = {html: this.getHTML(i), style: style};\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn result;\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetWidestAnnotation: function() {\n\t\t\treturn {html: this.getHTML(-1), style: this.getStyle(-1)};\n\t\t},\n\t\tgetRulerStyle: function() {\n\t\t\treturn this.getStyle(undefined);\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\treturn CompareRuler;\n}());\n\norion.", "LineNumberCompareRuler = (function() {\n\t/**\n\t * Creates a new line number ruler for the compare editor.", "\n\t * @class The line number ruler is used by the compare editor to render line numbers next to the editor\n\t * @name orion.compare.rulers.", "LineNumberCompareRuler\n\t */\n\tfunction LineNumberCompareRuler (diffNavigator, mapperColumnIndex , rulerLocation, rulerStyle, oddStyle, evenStyle) {\n\t\torion.", "CompareRuler.call(this, rulerLocation, \"page\", rulerStyle); //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\tthis._diffNavigator = diffNavigator;\n\t\tthis._oddStyle = oddStyle || {style: {backgroundColor: \"white\"}}; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\tthis._evenStyle = evenStyle || {style: {backgroundColor: \"white\"}}; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\tthis._numOfDigits = 0;\n\t\tthis._mapperColumnIndex = mapperColumnIndex;\n\t}\n\tLineNumberCompareRuler.prototype = new orion.", "CompareRuler(); \n\tLineNumberCompareRuler.prototype.getStyle = function(lineIndex) {\n\t\tif (lineIndex === undefined) {\n\t\t\treturn this._rulerStyle;\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\treturn this._evenStyle;\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\tLineNumberCompareRuler.prototype.getHTML = function(lineIndex) {\n\t\tvar model = this._editor.getModel();\n\t\tvar diffFeeder = this._diffNavigator.getFeeder(this._mapperColumnIndex === 0);\n\t\tif(!diffFeeder){\n\t\t\treturn \"\";\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (lineIndex === -1) {\n\t\t\treturn model.getLineCount();\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tif( diffFeeder.getLineNumber){\n\t\t\t\tvar realIndex = diffFeeder.getLineNumber(lineIndex);\n\t\t\t\tif(realIndex === -1){\n\t\t\t\t\treturn \"\";\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\treturn realIndex + 1;\n\t\t\t} \n\t\t\treturn lineIndex + 1;\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\tLineNumberCompareRuler.prototype._onModelChanged = function(e) {\n\t\tvar start = e.start;\n\t\tvar model = this._editor.getModel();\n\t\tvar lineCount = model.getLineCount();\n\t\tvar numOfDigits = (lineCount+\"\").length;\n\t\tif (this._numOfDigits !", "== numOfDigits) {\n\t\t\tthis._numOfDigits = numOfDigits;\n\t\t\tvar startLine = model.getLineAtOffset(start);\n\t\t\tthis._editor.redrawLines(startLine, lineCount, this);\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\treturn LineNumberCompareRuler;\n}());\n\norion.", "CompareOverviewRuler = (function() {\n\tfunction CompareOverviewRuler ( rulerLocation, rulerStyle , diffNavigator , onClick) {\n\t\tthis._diffNavigator = diffNavigator;\n\t\tthis._onClick = onClick;\n\t\torion.", "CompareRuler.call(this, rulerLocation, \"document\", rulerStyle); //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t}\n\tCompareOverviewRuler.prototype = new orion.", "CompareRuler();\n\tCompareOverviewRuler.prototype.getStyle = function(lineIndex) {\n\t\tvar result, style;\n\t\tif (lineIndex === undefined) {\n\t\t\tresult = this._rulerStyle || {};\n\t\t\tstyle = result.style || (result.style = {});\n\t\t\tstyle.lineHeight = \"1px\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\tstyle.fontSize = \"1px\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\tstyle.width = \"14px\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tif (lineIndex !", "== -1) {\n\t\t\t\tresult = {styleClass: \"annotationOverview breakpoint\"} || {}; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tresult = {};\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tstyle = result.style || (result.style = {});\n\t\t\tstyle.cursor = \"pointer\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\tstyle.width = \"8px\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t//style.height = \"3px\";\n\t\t\tstyle.left = \"2px\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\tif(lineIndex >= 0 ){\n\t\t\t\tvar diffBlocks;\n\t\t\t\tif(this._diffNavigator && this._diffNavigator.getFeeder()){\n\t\t\t\t\tdiffBlocks = this._diffNavigator.getFeeder().getDiffBlocks();\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn null;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tvar annotationIndex = mCompareUtils.getAnnotationIndex(diffBlocks, lineIndex);\n\t\t\t\tif (annotationIndex === -1){\n\t\t\t\t\treturn null;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tvar mapperIndex = mCompareUtils.getAnnotationMapperIndex(diffBlocks, annotationIndex);\n\t\t\t\tvar mapper;\n\t\t\t\tmapper = this._diffNavigator.getMapper();\n\t\t\t\tvar conflict = mCompareUtils.isMapperConflict(mapper, mapperIndex);\n\t\t\t\tif(conflict){\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle.border = \"1px #FF0000 solid\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif(annotationIndex === this._diffNavigator.getCurrentBlockIndex()){\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle.backgroundColor = conflict ? \"", "red\" :\"blue\"; //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tvar anH = this._diffNavigator.getFeeder().getDiffBlockH(annotationIndex);\n\t\t\t\tvar lC = this._diffNavigator.getFeeder().getOverviewLineCount();\n\t\t\t\tif(anH < 0){\n\t\t\t\t\treturn null;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tvar clientArea = this._editor.getClientArea();\n\t\t\t\tvar height = Math.floor(clientArea.height*anH/lC);\n\t\t\t\tif (height < 2){\n\t\t\t\t\theight = 2;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tstyle.height = height +\"px\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\treturn null;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn result;\n\t};\n\tCompareOverviewRuler.prototype.setDiffNavigator = function(diffNavigator) {\n\t\tthis._diffNavigator = diffNavigator;\n\t};\n\tCompareOverviewRuler.prototype.getHTML = function(lineIndex) {\n\t\treturn \"&nbsp;\"; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t};\n\tCompareOverviewRuler.prototype.onClick = function(lineIndex, e) {\n\t\tif (lineIndex === undefined) { return; }\n\t\tthis._onClick(lineIndex , this);\n\t};\n\tCompareOverviewRuler.prototype._onModelChanged = function(e) {\n\t\tvar model = this._editor.getModel();\n\t\tvar lineCount = model.getLineCount();\n\t\tif(lineCount > 0){\n\t\t\tthis._editor.redrawLines(0, 1, this);\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\treturn CompareOverviewRuler;\n}());\n\n\norion.", "CompareCurveRuler = (function() {\n\n\tfunction CompareCurveRuler(canvasDiv) {\n\t\tthis._canvasDiv = canvasDiv;\n\t\tthis._mapper = undefined;\n\t}\n\n\tCompareCurveRuler.prototype = {\n\t\tinit: function(mapper , leftEditor , rightEditor, diffNavigator ){\n\t\t\tthis._leftIniting = true;\n\t\t\tthis._rightIniting = true;\n\t\t\tthis._rightIniting = true;\n\t\t\tthis._mapper = mapper;\n\t\t\tthis._leftEditor = leftEditor;\n\t\t\tthis._rightEditor = rightEditor;\n\t\t\tthis._leftTextView = leftEditor.getTextView();\n\t\t\tthis._rightTextView = rightEditor.getTextView();\n\t\t\tthis._diffNavigator = diffNavigator;\n\t\t\tthis.render();\n\t\t},\n\t\t\n\t\tmatchPositionFrom: function(fromLeft){\n\t\t\tvar baseEditor = fromLeft ? ", "this._leftTextView : this._rightTextView;\n\t\t\tvar matchEditor = fromLeft ? ", "this._rightTextView : this._leftTextView;\n\t\t\tvar topLine = baseEditor.getTopIndex();\n\t\t\tvar bottomLine = baseEditor.getBottomIndex();\n\t\t\tvar matchLine = mCompareUtils.matchMapper(this._mapper , fromLeft ? ", "0: 1 , topLine , bottomLine);\n\t\t\tmatchEditor.setTopIndex(matchLine);\n\t\t},\n\n\t\tcopyTo: function(left){\n\t\t\tif(!this._diffNavigator.iterator){\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tvar currentDiff = this._diffNavigator.iterator.cursor();\n\t\t\tif(currentDiff){\n\t\t\t\tvar shouldCopy;\n\t\t\t\tif(currentDiff.type === \"word\") { //$NON-NLS-0$}\n\t\t\t\t\tshouldCopy = (!", "currentDiff.copied && !", "currentDiff.parent.copied);\n\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\tshouldCopy = !", "currentDiff.copied;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif(!shouldCopy) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tvar textToCopy = left ? ", "this._rightTextView.getText(currentDiff.oldA.start , currentDiff.oldA.end) : this._leftTextView.getText(currentDiff.newA.start , currentDiff.newA.end);\n\t\t\t\tvar rangeToPaste = left ? ", "currentDiff.newA : currentDiff.oldA;\n\t\t\t\tvar viewToPaste = left ? ", "this._leftTextView : this._rightTextView;\n\t\t\t\tviewToPaste.setText(textToCopy , rangeToPaste.start , rangeToPaste.end);\n\t\t\t\tcurrentDiff.copied = true;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t},\n\t\n\t\trender: function(){\n\t\t\tif(!this._mapper){\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tvar context=this._canvasDiv.getContext(\"2d\"); //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\tcontext.clearRect(0,0,this._canvasDiv.width,this._canvasDiv.height);\n\t\t\tcontext.strokeStyle = '#AAAAAA'; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\tcontext.lineWidth = 1;\n\t\t\tcontext.beginPath();\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tvar leftTop = this._leftTextView.getTopIndex();\n\t\t\tvar leftBottom = this._leftTextView.getBottomIndex();\n\t\t\tvar rightTop = this._rightTextView.getTopIndex();\n\t\t\tvar rightBottom = this._rightTextView.getBottomIndex();\n\t\t\tthis._leftLineH = this._leftTextView.getLineHeight();\n\t\t\tthis._rightLineH = this._rightTextView.getLineHeight();\n\t\t\n\t\t\tvar curLeftIndex = 0;\n\t\t\tvar curRightIndex = 0;\n\t\t\tvar rendering = false;\n\t\t\tfor (var i = 0 ; i < this._mapper.length ; i++){\n\t\t\t\tif(this._mapper[i][2] !", "== 0){\n\t\t\t\t\tif(mCompareUtils.overlapMapper( this._mapper[i] , 0 , curLeftIndex , leftTop ,leftBottom) ||\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmCompareUtils.overlapMapper( this._mapper[i] , 1 , curRightIndex , rightTop ,rightBottom) ){\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthis._renderCurve(i, curLeftIndex , curRightIndex , this._canvasDiv , context , leftTop , leftBottom , rightTop , rightBottom);\n\t\t\t\t\t\trendering = true;\n\t\t\t\t\t} else if (rendering) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tcurLeftIndex += this._mapper[i][0];\n\t\t\t\tcurRightIndex += this._mapper[i][1];\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcontext.stroke();\t\t\n\t\t},\n\t\t\n\t\t_renderCurve: function (mapperIndex , leftStart , rightStart , canvas , context , leftTop , leftBottom , rightTop , rightBottom){\n\t\t\tvar mapperItem = this._mapper[mapperIndex];\n\t\t\tvar leftMiddle = this._leftTextView.getLinePixel(leftStart + (mapperItem[0]/2)) + (mapperItem[0]%2)*this._leftLineH/3 - this._leftTextView.getTopPixel();\n\t\t\tvar rightMiddle = this._rightTextView.getLinePixel(rightStart + (mapperItem[1]/2)) + (mapperItem[1]%2)*this._rightLineH/3- this._rightTextView.getTopPixel();\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tvar w = canvas.parentNode.clientWidth;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tif(mapperIndex === this._diffNavigator.getCurrentMapperIndex()){\n\t\t\t\tcontext.stroke();\n\t\t\t\tcontext.strokeStyle = '#000'; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t\tcontext.lineWidth = 1;\n\t\t\t\tcontext.beginPath();\n\t\t\t\tcontext.moveTo(0 , leftMiddle);\n\t\t\t\tcontext.bezierCurveTo( w/3, leftMiddle, w*0.666 ,rightMiddle , w ,rightMiddle);\n\t\t\t\tcontext.stroke();\n\t\t\t\tcontext.strokeStyle = '#AAAAAA'; //$NON-NLS-0$\n\t\t\t\tcontext.lineWidth = 1;\n\t\t\t\tcontext.beginPath();\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcontext.moveTo(0 , leftMiddle);\n\t\t\tcontext.bezierCurveTo( w/3, leftMiddle, w*0.666 ,rightMiddle , w ,rightMiddle);\n\t\t\tcontext.stroke();\n\t\t},\n\t\t\n\t\tonChanged: function(e, isRightSide) {\n\t\t\tvar initing = isRightSide ? ", "this._rightIniting : this._leftIniting;\n\t\t\tif(e.removedLineCount !", "== e.addedLineCount){\n\t\t\t\tvar tView = isRightSide ? ", "this._rightTextView : this._leftTextView;\n\t\t\t\tif(!initing){\n\t\t\t\t\tmCompareUtils.updateMapper(this._mapper , isRightSide ? ", "1 : 0 , tView.getModel().getLineAtOffset(e.start) , e.removedLineCount, e.addedLineCount);\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif(e.removedLineCount > 0 || e.addedLineCount > 0){\n\t\t\t\t\tthis.render();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif(isRightSide) {\n\t\t\t\tthis._rightIniting = false;\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tthis._leftIniting = false;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn initing;\n\t\t}\n\t};\n\treturn CompareCurveRuler;\n}()); \n\nreturn orion;\n});" ]

[ 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0.015037593984962405, 0.007194244604316547, 0.012345679012345678, 0.010752688172043012, 0.03125, 0.003582089552238806, 0, 0.014598540145985401, 0.012903225806451613, 0, 0.003246753246753247, 0.014084507042253521, 0.020100502512562814, 0, 0.01078167115902965, 0.0045871559633027525, 0.0035714285714285713, 0.0014970059880239522, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0, 0.043478260869565216, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0010416666666666667, 0.0011344299489506524, 0, 0, 0, 0.008241758241758242 ]

[ "Q:\n\nSniffing HTTPS traffic from client program\n\nthis might be a dumb question...\nI wrote a C++ client program that communicates with a web service over HTTPS with the help of the cURL library.", "\nI am wondering if the person using the client can see clearly the traffic originating from his computer using some sniffing program?", "\nOr would he see encrypted data?", "\nThanks!", "\n\nA:\n\nUsing a utility like netcat to sniff data on the wire, the user would only see encrypted data. ", "The only way to see the raw data is to log it inside the app, before it's passed to cURL, OR to find it in the machine's active RAM (much more difficult since it's likely to be fragmented).", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "RAPGEF4\n\nRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4 (RAPGEF4), also known as exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF4 gene.", "\n\nEpac2 is a target of cAMP, a major second messenger in various cells. ", " Epac2 is coded by the RAPGEF4 gene, and is expressed mainly in brain, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tissues. ", "Epac2 functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras-like small GTPase Rap upon cAMP stimulation. ", "Epac2 is involved in a variety of cAMP-mediated cellular functions in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and neurons.", "\n\nGene and transcripts \nHuman Epac2 is coded by RAPGEF4 located at chromosome 2q31-q32, and three isoforms (Epac2A, Epac2B, and Epac2C) are generated by alternate promoter usage and differential splicing. ", "Epac2A (called Epac2 originally) is a multi-domain protein with 1,011 amino acids, and is expressed mainly in brain and neuroendocrine and endocrine tissues such as pancreatic islets and neuroendocrine cells. ", "Epac2A is composed of two regions, an amino-terminal regulatory region and a carboxy-terminal catalytic region. ", "The regulatory region contains two cyclic nucleotide-binding domains (cNBD-A and cNBD-B) and a DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin) domain. ", "The catalytic region, which is responsible for the activation of Rap, consists of a CDC25 homology domain (CDC25-HD), a Ras exchange motif (REM) domain, and a Ras association (RA) domain. ", " Epac2B is devoid of the first cNBD-A domain and Epac2C is devoid of a cNBD-A and a DEP domain. ", "Epac2B and Epac2C are expressed specifically in adrenal gland and liver, respectively.", "\n\nMechanism of action \nThe crystal structure reveals that the catalytic region of Epac2 interacts with cNBD-B intramolecularly, and in the absence of cAMP is sterically masked by a regulatory region, which thereby inhibits interaction between the catalytic region and Rap1. ", "The crystal structure of the cAMP analog-bound active form of Epac2 in a complex with Rap1B indicates that the binding of cAMP to the cNBD-B domain induces the dynamic conformational changes that allow the regulatory region to rotate away. ", "This conformational change enables access of Rap1 to the catalytic region and allows activation.", "\n\nSpecific agonists \nSeveral Epac-selective cAMP analogs have been developed to clarify the functional roles of Epacs as well those of the Epac-dependent signaling pathway distinct from the PKA-dependent signaling pathway. ", "The modifications of 8-position in the purine structure and 2’-position in ribose is considered to be crucial to the specificity for Epacs. ", "So far, 8-pCPT-2’-O-Me-cAMP (8-pCPT) and its membrane permeable form 8-pCPT-AM are used for their great specificity toward Epacs. ", "Sulfonylurea drugs (SUs), widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes through stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, have also been shown to specifically activate Epac2.", "\n\nFunction \nIn pancreatic β-cells, cAMP signaling, which can be activated by various extracellular stimuli including hormonal and neural inputs primarily through Gs-coupled receptors, is of importance for normal regulation of insulin secretion to maintain glucose homeostasis. ", "Activation of cAMP signaling amplifies insulin secretion by Epac2-dependent as well as PKA-dependent pathways. ", "Epac2-Rap1 signaling is critical to promote exocytosis of insulin-containing vesicles from the readily releasable pool. ", "In Epac2-mediated exocytosis of insulin granules, Epac2 interacts with Rim2, which is a scaffold protein localized in both plasma membrane and insulin granules, and determines the docking and priming states of exocytosis. ", "In addition, piccolo, a possible Ca2+ sensor protein, interacts with the Epac2-Rim2 complex to regulate cAMP-induced insulin secretion. ", "It is suggested that phospholipase C-ε (PLC-ε), one of the effector proteins of Rap, regulates intracellular Ca2+ dynamics by altering the activities of ion channels such as ATP-sensitive potassium channel, ryanodine receptor, and IP3 receptor.", "\nIn neurons, Epac is involved in neurotransmitter release in glutamatergic synapses from calyx of Held and in crayfish neuromuscular junction. ", "Epac also has roles in the development of brain by regulation of neurite growth and neuronal differentiation as well as axon regeneration in mammalian tissue. ", "Furthermore, Epac2 may regulate synaptic plasticity, and thus control higher brain functions such as memory and learning. ", "\nIn heart, Epac1 is expressed predominantly, and is involved in the development of hypertrophic events by chronic cAMP stimulation through β-adrenergic receptors. ", "In contrast, chronic stimulation of Epac2 may be a cause of cardiac arrhythmia through CaMKII-dependent diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in mice. ", "Epac2 also is involved in GLP-1-stimulated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion from heart.", "\n\nClinical implications \nAs Epac2 is involved in many physiological functions in various cells, defects in the Epac2/Rap1 signaling mechanism could contribute to the development of various pathological states. ", " Studies of Epac2 knockout mice indicate that Epac-mediated signaling is required for potentiation of insulin secretion by incretins (gut hormones released from enteroendocrine cells following meal ingestion) such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, suggesting that Epac2 is a promising target for treatment of diabetes. ", "In fact, incretin-based diabetes therapies are currently used in clinical practice worldwide; development of Epac2-selective agonists might well lead to the discovery of further novel anti-diabetic drugs. ", "An analog of GLP-1 has been shown to exert a blood pressure-lowering effect by stimulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion through Epac2. ", "In heart, chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptor is known to progress to arrhythmia through an Epac2-dependent mechanism. ", "In brain, up-regulation of Epac1 and down-regulation of Epac2 mRNA are observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting roles of Epacs in the disease. ", "An Epac2 rare coding variant is found in patients with autism and could be responsible for the dendritic morphological abnormalities. ", " \nThus, Epac2 is involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of various diseases, and represents a promising therapeutic target.", "\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links" ]

[ 0.005154639175257732, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005319148936170213, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008968609865470852, 0.007142857142857143, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013986013986013986, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0, 0, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.00625, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The occult adventure game “Nine Witches: Family Disruption” is coming to PC and consoles in Q2 2020\n\nSHARE THIS:\n\nPress release:\n\nSYDNEY – Nov. 25, 2019 – “Nine Witches: Family Disruption“, the comedic alternate-history occult adventure game from Blowfish Studios and Indiesruption, summons supernatural hijinks to Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Steam for Windows PC in Q2 2020.", "\n\nSomething strange is happening in Sundäe, a rustic village on the northwest coast of Norway. ", "As the fires of World War II rage on, members of the Third Reich’s Okkulte-SS division have descended on the hamlet, harnessing a mystical power to strike a terrible blow against Allied forces.", "\n\nUnder direct orders from the United Kingdom’s Prime Minister, Professor Alexei Krakovitz, a quadriplegic Russian expatriate renowned for his research into the occult sciences, and Akiro Kagasawa, the professor’s capable assistant, arrive in Scandinavia to investigate reports of witchcraft and put an end to the Nazi’s hellish machinations.", "\n\nExplore the community of Sundäe and cross paths with more than 70 quirky and eccentric characters as the duo seek answers to supernatural enigmas. ", "Collect clues and unravel a mystery as these unlikely heroes.", "\n\nCross from the world of living to the realm of the dead as Professor Krakovitz, whose ability to traverse the Astral Plane allows him to pass through corporeal barriers and possess weak-minded individuals without leaving the confines of his wheelchair.", "\n\nCommune with ghosts to learn about the region’s haunting historyas Krakovitz or switch to Kagasawa when situations need a physical touch, like ferrying items to solve puzzles or taking the fight to the Germans and otherworldly entities in side-scrolling action combat.", "\n\nSoak in Sundäe’s scenery, brought to life with beautiful, retro-inspired pixel art and a comical story dripping with gleefully absurd, dark humor.", "\n\nPrepare for the unexpected as the heroic pair encounters one bizarre situation after the next on their crusade to stop the Third Reich. ", "Help them do whatever it takes to save the world from the Okkulte-SS’s evil schemes.", "\n\n“Nine Witches: Family Disruption was born from my desire to blend world history with magic and my personal sense of humor,” said Diego Cánepa, designer, Indiesruption.", "\n\n“I’m grateful Blowfish Studios are using their powers to help me bring the game to consoles and PC so this story can be enjoyed by players across the world.”", "\n\nNine Witches: Family Disruption will be available on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Steam for Windows PC in Q2 2020 for $19.99 USD / €17.99 / £15.99 / $24.99 AUD. ", "It features English, Spanish, German, French, and Portuguese language support.", "\n\nFor more information on Nine Witches: Family Disruption, please visit the official website, follow the game via Twitter and Facebook, and join the community on Discord.", "\n\nAbout Blowfish Studios\n\nBlowfish Studios is an award-winning independent game developer and publisher based in Sydney, Australia.", "\n\nWe strive to release original multi-platform games, while also collaborating with developers from around the world. ", "As developers first, we bring a wealth of knowledge and expertise to any partnership.", "\n\nOur team provides development services to get the game release ready, porting to all major platforms, platform approval, marketing and promotion to the world.", "\n\nTo learn more about Blowfish Studios, please visit the team’s website.", "\n\nAbout Indiesruption\n\nIndiesruption is a Buenos Aires, Argentina-based game studio founded by Norberto Bertasio and Diego Cánepa. ", "Following more than two decades of designing titles for Nickelodeon\n\nUSA, Cartoon Network, and other high-profile companies, Nine Witches: Family Disruption represents the realization of a dream to create authentic independent titles cherished\n\nby players all over the world.", "\n\nFor more information and updates from the team, follow them on Twitter.", "\n\n\n\nJonas “O.J” Ek\n\nThe Gaming Ground\n\nTwitter: @TheGamingGround\n\nSHARE THIS: Twitter\n\nFacebook\n\nReddit\n\n\n\nMore by Jonas Ek:\n\nTags: Adventure games, Blowfish Studios, Nine Witches. ", "Family Disruption, Nintendo Switch, PC games, PS4, Xbox One" ]

[ 0.005089058524173028, 0, 0.010362694300518135, 0.005847953216374269, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0.007407407407407408, 0.006756756756756757, 0.007246376811594203, 0.011904761904761904, 0.005917159763313609, 0.006289308176100629, 0.005555555555555556, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0.015267175572519083, 0.01090909090909091, 0, 0.027624309392265192, 0.05084745762711865 ]

[ " + sqrt(11)))**2 + -1.", "\n11/4\nSimplify ((-2 + (sqrt(2299) - (sqrt(2299) + 1)) + sqrt(2299))**2 - sqrt(2299))*1.", "\n-77*sqrt(19) + 2308\nSimplify ((sqrt(2) + 2)*6)**2*4.", "\n576*sqrt(2) + 864\nSimplify sqrt(1584)*-1*5 - (sqrt(1584) + 0 + -4).", "\n-72*sqrt(11) + 4\nSimplify (1 + sqrt(343) + -1 + (sqrt(343) - (sqrt(343) + sqrt(343) + 0 + -3)))**2.", "\n9\nSimplify (-2 + sqrt(130)/sqrt(160))*4.", "\n-8 + sqrt(13)\nSimplify (-6*(sqrt(448)*-2*-4 - sqrt(448)))**2.", "\n790272\nSimplify -4*(-4 + (sqrt(1700) - (sqrt(1700) - (1 + sqrt(1700)))) + sqrt(1700))**2.", "\n-27236 + 480*sqrt(17)\nSimplify -2 + sqrt(208)*-1 + -3 + -5.", "\n-4*sqrt(13) - 10\nSimplify ((sqrt(270) - (sqrt(270) - sqrt(270)*2 - sqrt(270)))/sqrt(9) - sqrt(30))/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(4)*4 + sqrt(6)).", "\n2*sqrt(5)/5\nSimplify (sqrt(171)/sqrt(3)*6 - sqrt(57))/(sqrt(300) + (sqrt(300) - -2*sqrt(300)) - sqrt(3)).", "\n5*sqrt(19)/39\nSimplify 1 + sqrt(304)*4 + sqrt(19) + (2 + sqrt(1900))**2 + sqrt(1900).", "\n67*sqrt(19) + 1905\nSimplify 5*(sqrt(133)/sqrt(7) + -5)*-3.", "\n-15*sqrt(19) + 75\nSimplify (5*(-4 + sqrt(108) + (sqrt(108) - (-2 + sqrt(108)))))**2.", "\n-600*sqrt(3) + 2800\nSimplify sqrt(52)/(sqrt(484)*3 - sqrt(484) - sqrt(4)).", "\nsqrt(13)/21\nSimplify (sqrt(18) + -1)**2 + sqrt(2) - ((-3*(sqrt(2) + -1))**2 - sqrt(2)).", "\n-8 + 14*sqrt(2)\nSimplify (5*(sqrt(272) + 3))**2.", "\n600*sqrt(17) + 7025\nSimplify ((-6*sqrt(30)*-2)/sqrt(10)*4)**2.", "\n6912\nSimplify 5*(3 + (sqrt(28))**2 - sqrt(7)).", "\n-5*sqrt(7) + 155\nSimplify (sqrt(484) - sqrt(484)*-1)/sqrt(11) - -3*sqrt(1584)*2.", "\n76*sqrt(11)\nSimplify (sqrt(4400)*-3)/sqrt(4).", "\n-30*sqrt(11)\nSimplify -1*-1*((1*sqrt(7))**2 + 1 + sqrt(7)).", "\nsqrt(7) + 8\nSimplify (sqrt(245)*-3*-4)**2.", "\n35280\nSimplify (4 + sqrt(76))**2 + 5.", "\n16*sqrt(19) + 97\nSimplify 2*(sqrt(19) + sqrt(19) + (sqrt(304) + -2*sqrt(304) - sqrt(304))**2)*-6.", "\n-14592 - 24*sqrt(19)\nSimplify 0 + -6*(sqrt(700)*-2)**2.", "\n-16800\nSimplify (sqrt(130) - 2*-1*sqrt(130))/(-3*sqrt(50)/sqrt(5)).", "\n-sqrt(13)\nSimplify ((-2*sqrt(80) - sqrt(80)) + 3)**2 + sqrt(80).", "\n-68*sqrt(5) + 729\nSimplify -4 + -2*sqrt(2299) + 1.", "\n-22*sqrt(19) - 3\nSimplify (((sqrt(3) + 0)*-4 + sqrt(108) + -1*sqrt(108))*-3)**2.", "\n432\nSimplify (sqrt(637) - sqrt(637)*3)**2*-2.", "\n-5096\nSimplify ((sqrt(68) + -1 - sqrt(17) - sqrt(17)) + (sqrt(1088) - (sqrt(1088) + 2)) + sqrt(17))**2.", "\n-6*sqrt(17) + 26\nSimplify -3*(sqrt(39)/(sqrt(300)*2) + -3)**2.", "\n-10839/400 + 9*sqrt(13)/10\nSimplify -6*sqrt(17)*3 - (-1 + (sqrt(17) + 0 - sqrt(17))**2).", "\n-18*sqrt(17) + 1\nSimplify (sqrt(1134)*1)/(sqrt(63)/sqrt(81) - sqrt(7)).", "\n-27*sqrt(2)/2\nSimplify (sqrt(19) + sqrt(19) + (sqrt(1539) + -1)**2 - sqrt(19)) + -4.", "\n-17*sqrt(19) + 1536\nSimplify (sqrt(19) + 4)*-3 - ((sqrt(19)*-4)**2 + 4).", "\n-320 - 3*sqrt(19)\nSimplify (sqrt(27)*-3)**2 - (sqrt(3) + -1 + -5).", "\n-sqrt(3) + 249\nSimplify (sqrt(20)/sqrt(4) + 1 + 3)**2 + -2.", "\n8*sqrt(5) + 19\nSimplify (sqrt(7) - sqrt(567)/sqrt(9))**2 + (sqrt(21)/sqrt(3))**2*3.", "\n49\nSimplify (5*4*(2 + -1 + sqrt(3)))**2.", "\n800*sqrt(3) + 1600\nSimplify -3 + 6*(sqrt(13) + 1)**2.", "\n12*sqrt(13) + 81\nSimplify -2 + (4*sqrt(245))**2 - 4*(sqrt(245) + 1)**2.", "\n-56*sqrt(5) + 2934\nSimplify (2 + sqrt(245))*3 + -2.", "\n4 + 21*sqrt(5)\nSimplify 5 + sqrt(66)/sqrt(24) - (((sqrt(132) - 1*sqrt(132))*5)/sqrt(12))**2.", "\nsqrt(11)/2 + 5\nSimplify (sqrt(272)*2)**2 - (sqrt(17) + 0)**2*-3.", "\n1139\nSimplify sqrt(275)*1 + sqrt(11) + sqrt(11) + 1 + sqrt(11) + -1 - -6*(sqrt(704) + 1 + sqrt(704) - sqrt(704)).", "\n6 + 56*sqrt(11)\nSimplify -6*sqrt(567)*-1.", "\n54*sqrt(7)\nSimplify 4 + (1 + sqrt(1053))**2*3 + ((sqrt(1053)*-2)**2 - sqrt(1053)) + 2.", "\n45*sqrt(13) + 7380\nSimplify -6*((sqrt(2)*-2)**2 + 2).", "\n-60\nSimplify sqrt(35)/((sqrt(5) - (sqrt(25)/sqrt(5) - sqrt(5)))*-2).", "\n-sqrt(7)/2\nSimplify (5*sqrt(9))/sqrt(3) + sqrt(6)/(sqrt(6)/sqrt(3)).", "\n6*sqrt(3)\nSimplify ((sqrt(19) - sqrt(228)/sqrt(192)) + 4*(sqrt(19) + sqrt(19)*-1))**2.", "\n171/16\nSimplify 4*(-2*sqrt(14))/sqrt(2).", "\n-8*sqrt(7)\nSimplify (sqrt(720) - 1*((-2 + sqrt(720))**2 + sqrt(720))) + 0.", "\n-724 + 48*sqrt(5)\nSimplify (1*(0 + sqrt(22)/sqrt(2)) + 2)**2.", "\n4*sqrt(11) + 15\nSimplify 4 + 1*sqrt(425) - (sqrt(425) + sqrt(425)*2*1).", "\n-10*sqrt(17) + 4\nSimplify (1*sqrt(891) + 2)**2.", "\n36*sqrt(11) + 895\nSimplify -3 + -2*sqrt(19) - sqrt(209)/sqrt(44).", "\n-5*sqrt(19)/2 - 3\nSimplify -1*(sqrt(13) - (5*1*sqrt(13) - sqrt(13))).", "\n3*sqrt(13)\nSimplify ((sqrt(250) - ((sqrt(250) - (1*sqrt(250) - sqrt(250))) + sqrt(250)))/sqrt(10))/(sqrt(220)/sqrt(11)).", "\n-sqrt(5)/2\nSimplify ((sqrt(104) + sqrt(104)*2)*-2)/(sqrt(648)*1 - sqrt(8)).", "\n-3*sqrt(13)/4\nSimplify (sqrt(16)/sqrt(2)*-6)/(-3*-1*sqrt(4) + sqrt(4)).", "\n-3*sqrt(2)/2\nSimplify 3*((sqrt(19) + (sqrt(114) - 3*sqrt(114))/sqrt(6))**2 + 5 + (sqrt(19) - (sqrt(76))**2)).", "\n-156 + 3*sqrt(19)\nSimplify (4*5*(2 + sqrt(272) - (sqrt(17)*1 + -2)))**2.", "\n9600*sqrt(17) + 67600\nSimplify sqrt(1728) + sqrt(1728) + 1 - (sqrt(108) + 1 + sqrt(3) + 0 + sqrt(3) + 0).", "\n40*sqrt(3)\nSimplify (sqrt(72) - ((1 + sqrt(72))*-3 + sqrt(72)))**2.", "\n108*sqrt(2) + 657\nSimplify (2*(sqrt(22)/sqrt(2) - sqrt(11)))**2 - (sqrt(275)*1)**2.", "\n-275\nSimplify (3*(sqrt(288) + 1 + -5 - (-5 + (sqrt(288) - (sqrt(288) + -1 + sqrt(288))))))**2.", "\n10368\nSimplify (sqrt(99)/sqrt(3))/sqrt(3) + 4 + 0.", "\nsqrt(11) + 4\nSimplify sqrt(125)*-5*-1.", "\n25*sqrt(5)\nSimplify (3 + sqrt(304) + 4 + 5)**2.", "\n96*sqrt(19) + 448\nSimplify (sqrt(2736) + 0 + sqrt(2736))**2 + sqrt(19) + (sqrt(228)/sqrt(4) + sqrt(57))/sqrt(3).", "\n3*sqrt(19) + 10944\nSimplify (sqrt(800) - (sqrt(800) + sqrt(800) + 0 + sqrt(800) - sqrt(800))**2) + 1 - sqrt(800).", "\n-3199\nSimplify (sqrt(99) + -2*sqrt(99)*-1 - sqrt(99))/(-1*sqrt(36)/sqrt(4)).", "\n-2*sqrt(11)\nSimplify 2*sqrt(2448)*3 - 1*(sqrt(2448) + -1)**2.", "\n-2449 + 96*sqrt(17)\nSimplify sqrt(17) + (sqrt(2448) + 0)**2 - (-3 + (sqrt(17) - (sqrt(17) + 0))**2).", "\nsqrt(17) + 2451\nSimplify (sqrt(68) + -5 + (sqrt(85) - ((sqrt(85) - sqrt(85)*1) + sqrt(85)) - sqrt(85) - sqrt(85))/sqrt(5) - (sqrt(204)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(2)) + 2))**2.", "\n14*sqrt(17) + 66\nSimplify (-1 + sqrt(45)/(sqrt(144) - sqrt(9)) - (((sqrt(220) + sqrt(55))/sqrt(11) - sqrt(5)) + -5))**2.", "\n-40*sqrt(5)/3 + 269/9\nSimplify (-4 + 1*sqrt(7) - sqrt(63)/sqrt(36))**2.", "\n-4*sqrt(7) + 71/4\nSimplify (sqrt(91) + -2*sqrt(91)*2 + sqrt(91) + sqrt(91) + sqrt(91) - sqrt(91))/(sqrt(7) + -1*sqrt(175)).", "\nsqrt(13)/4\nSimplify ((sqrt(190)*1)/sqrt(10) - (sqrt(19) + (sqrt(19) - (sqrt(475) - (sqrt(475) + sqrt(475) + sqrt(475) + sqrt(475) + -2)))))**2.", "\n-64*sqrt(19) + 4868\nSimplify ((0 + sqrt(19))*5 - (sqrt(1216) + -1 + sqrt(1216) - sqrt(19)))**2.", "\n-20*sqrt(19) + 1901\nSimplify -1 + sqrt(1584) + (sqrt(1584) + 1)**2 + 5.", "\n36*sqrt(11) + 1589\nSimplify 3 + (sqrt(416)/sqrt(2) - (sqrt(13) + (-1 + sqrt(637) + sqrt(637) - sqrt(637))**2)).", "\n-635 + 17*sqrt(13)\nSimplify (sqrt(152) + (sqrt(152)*1 - sqrt(152) - sqrt(152))*4 + sqrt(152))/(sqrt(648) + (sqrt(648)*-2 - sqrt(648))).", "\nsqrt(19)/9\nSimplify (4*sqrt(68)/(sqrt(64) + -2*sqrt(64))*-5)**2.", "\n425\nSimplify (4*(sqrt(99) + 1*sqrt(99) + sqrt(99)))/(sqrt(36)*1).", "\n6*sqrt(11)\nSimplify (-2 + sqrt(2) + sqrt(10)/sqrt(5) - (2*sqrt(2) + 1))**2.", "\n9\nSimplify (sqrt(88) - 4*(sqrt(88)*-1 + sqrt(88)))/sqrt(8) + ((-6*(-1*sqrt(88) + sqrt(88)))/sqrt(8))**2.", "\nsqrt(11)\nSimplify -2*(3 + (sqrt(500) + -1)**2 + sqrt(500)).", "\n-1008 + 20*sqrt(5)\nSimplify sqrt(66)/(-2*(sqrt(6) - sqrt(384))).", "\nsqrt(11)/14\nSimplify 2*(-1 + -1 + sqrt(300) + sqrt(300)).", "\n-4 + 40*sqrt(3)\nSimplify (-6*sqrt(208))/sqrt(4).", "\n-12*sqrt(13)\nSimplify (2*sqrt(85))/sqrt(5)*-2 + 0.", "\n-4*sqrt(17)\nSimplify sqrt(1300) + 4.", "\n4 + 10*sqrt(13)\nSimplify 1 + -1*sqrt(304).", "\n-4*sqrt(19) + 1\nSimplify (-3 + (2*1*sqrt(13) - sqrt(13) - (1 + sqrt(117))))**2.", "\n16*sqrt(13) + 68\nSimplify (sqrt(432) + 3*(2*sqrt(432) + sqrt(432)) + 5)*-1.", "\n-120*sqrt(3) - 5\nSimplify (3 + (6*sqrt(2)*-1)**2)*2.", "\n150\nSimplify (sqrt(320) + sqrt(320) + 0 + 3 + sqrt(320) + 5)**2.", "\n384*sqrt(5) + 2944\nSimplify (sqrt(684)*-1 + sqrt(684))**2*-6.", "\n0\nSimplify 1 + ((sqrt(11) + 5)*-1 - sqrt(11)).", "\n-2*sqrt(11) - 4\nSimplify -5 + sqrt(42)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(4)).", "\n-5 + sqrt(7)\nSimplify (sqrt(2) - sqrt(450)) + (-2*sqrt(2)*-5)**2.", "\n-14*sqrt(2) + 200\nSimplify 1*(1*sqrt(11) + -4).", "\n-4 + sqrt(11)\nSimplify (sqrt(7) - (((sqrt(7) - sqrt(175)) + sqrt(7))*5 + sqrt(7))) + sqrt(7) + -6*sqrt(7)*-3.", "\n34*sqrt(7)\nSimplify (3*sqrt(114)*5)/(sqrt(6) + sqrt(6) + sqrt(6) + sqrt(6) + sqrt(162)/sqrt(3)).", "\n15*sqrt(19)/7\nSimplify sqrt(1900) + (-1 + -1*sqrt(1900))**2.", "\n30*sqrt(19) + 1901\nSimplify (-3*sqrt(143)*-3)/(sqrt(44)*2).", "\n9*sqrt(13)/4\nSimplify (-2 + 4*sqrt(11) + 4)**2.", "\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.015267175572519083, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0.017543859649122806, 0, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of carboxylic anhydrides with organozinc reagents.", "\n[reaction: see text] Negishi-type cross-coupling reaction was effected by employing organozincs and anhydrides or mixed anhydrides that formed in situ from sodium salts of the corresponding acids and ethyl chloroformate under the catalysis of palladium(0). ", "A general method for preparing symmetrical/unsymmetrical ketones was developed." ]

[ 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0 ]

[ "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel implantation technology in hydrogel contact lenses for controlled drug delivery.", "\nGlaucoma is commonly treated using eye drops, which is highly inefficient due to rapid clearance (low residence time) from ocular surface. ", "Contact lenses are ideally suited for controlled drug delivery to cornea, but incorporation of any drug loaded particulate system (formulation) affect the optical and physical property of contact lenses. ", "The objective of the present work was to implant timolol maleate (TM) loaded ethyl cellulose nanoparticle-laden ring in hydrogel contact lenses that could provide controlled drug delivery at therapeutic rates without compromising critical lens properties. ", "TM-implant lenses were developed, by dispersing TM encapsulated ethyl cellulose nanoparticles in acrylate hydrogel (fabricated as ring implant) and implanted the same in hydrogel contact lenses (sandwich system). ", "The TM-ethyl cellulose nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion method at different ratios of TM to ethyl cellulose. ", "The X-ray diffraction studies revealed the transformation of TM to amorphous state. ", "In vitro release kinetic data showed sustained drug release within the therapeutic window for 168h (NP 1:3 batch) with 150μg loading. ", "Cytotoxicity and ocular irritation study demonstrated the safety of TM-implant contact lenses. ", "In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rabbit tear fluid showed significant increase in mean residence time (MRT) and area under curve (AUC), with TM-implant contact lenses in comparison to eye drop therapy. ", "In vivo pharmacodynamic data in rabbit model showed sustained reduction in intra ocular pressure for 192h. ", "The study demonstrated the promising potential of implantation technology to treat glaucoma using contact lenses, and could serve as a platform for other ocular diseases." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.0078125, 0.009389671361502348, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "New snowmobile map for Tupper Lake\n\nTUPPER LAKE – The chamber of commerce put the snowmobile trails here on the map, literally.", "\n\nChamber Events Coordinator and part-time cartographer Michelle Clement designed the color map, which will help connect snowmobilers with Tupper Lake’s amenities. ", "The map will be included in the St. Lawrence County Snowmobile Guide for the first time.", "\n\nClement said it is the first time the area’s snowmobile map has been updated in seven years. ", "It will be updated again later in the season as new routes are added to the town’s existing trail network.", "\n\n“There are some active groups working on some alternate trails through town and around different areas, so I want to be able to add those new trails as they’re ready,” Clement said. “", "We plan on eventually doing a mass production next year of the map. ", "Once we get there, it’s going to be included in the spring in about 20,000 recreation guides we’re going to create.”", "\n\nThe recreation guides will highlight all outdoor recreation in Tupper Lake, including paddling, hiking, backpacking and mountain biking. ", "It will be the first of its kind for the town.", "\n\nThis year, Clement only printed enough maps for local businesses to display. ", "She said people can go the the chamber’s website to print their own, or they can stop into the chamber to have one printed.", "\n\n“The main snowmobile trail is the railroad corridor,” Clement said. “", "That’s highlighted on the larger maps that are produced by St. Lawrence County, Franklin County and the surrounding areas, but the regional guides don’t include the smaller trail networks that help you navigate through the town. ", "The goal of this map was to get people to come to Tupper Lake and see what’s available for dining options, taverns, gas, accommodations and things like that.”", "\n\nThe Remsen-Lake Placid railroad corridor is called the C7 corridor on the new map, where it appears as a thick orange line with several, thinner side-trail lines branching off of it. ", "Those trails bend and curve into Tupper Lake, and most of them lead straight to businesses, which are also marked on the map.", "\n\nPeter Edwards, trail coordinator with the Tupper Lake Snowmobile Club, said the map will help Tupper Lake’s winter economy by getting visitors off the main trail and into town.", "\n\n“When you snowmobile, you like to go to more than one place,” Edwards said. “", "One day you might want to go out in St. Lawrence County, and ride their trails and eat in their restaurants, but the next time you might want to go to Tupper Lake, and the next day to Malone. ", "Nobody likes to ride in the same area over and over.”" ]

[ 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016853932584269662, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0 ]

[ "How 5G will change the augmented reality devices and services\n\nEach mobile communication generation gives impetus to a new spurt of mobile technologies, expands the range of services and content formats available to us. ", "We predicted some innovations, others were unexpected.", "\n\nIt’s hard to imagine how the technology world will change in 3–6 years, but we can say for sure the following: 5G with its data transfer speeds will have a profound impact on our perception of information and will unbox the full range of our creativity. ", "And this is exactly what is necessary for the development of augmented reality.", "\n\nThe main advantages of the fifth-generation networks for the AR market are very accurately formulated by Qualcomm’s representative Pat Lawlor. ", "It is and Extreme Mobile Broadband, xMBB for the transmission of «heavy» content, with stable high speed – over 10 Gbit/s, and with the reduction of the delay of data transmission up to 1 ms. ", "That is, with 5G, we will be able to transmit more data per unit of time at a stable high speed, while the response to our actions and changes in the environment will become instantaneous.", "\n\nLet’s talk about the main cases, in which it is useful.", "\n\nCreating AR glasses with in-depth use of cloud computing\n\nIn October 2017, Tim Cook, the head of Apple, denied rumors about the development of AR-glasses, saying that there are no suitable technologies for this kind of development to be done. ", "He explained that a new quality of the display with a wide field of view is required, as well as miniaturization of devices, otherwise the user will have to place heavy electronics on his head, which is extremely inconvenient. ", "Look at the smartphone – you obviously don`t want to wear such a big and heavy device on your face, and its processing power is still not enough for realistic integration of virtual objects into the real environment.", "\n\nThe form factor of the smartphone has already been developed and achieved an optimal balance between convenience, functionality and appearance. ", "AR-glasses have to go this way almost from scratch. ", "To optimize, they will have to get rid of most on-board computing facilities, relying on receiving data from cloud services. ", "To do this, all the listed advantages of 5G will be needed, and especially – the stability of communication and the uniformity of the coverage, which will prevent disruptions while working with applications.", "\n\nUsing augmented reality on classic smartphones and tablets\n\nOf course, glasses are the ideal device for viewing AR content, but they still have to «grow» to the stage of mass consumption. ", "Today, the most effective AR-tool from the point of view of user experience is clearly the smartphones.", "\n\nSo, how will fifth generation communication affect smartphones?", "\n\n1) Smartphones can become mobile computing modules for ultra-light and simple glasses. ", "In this scenario, glasses in a certain sense will take the place of Bluetooth audio headsets.", "\n\n2) Increasing the data transfer rate will finally save us from annoying loads. ", "Because of them, many users abandon the augmented reality mode in navigation and gaming applications. ", "The same applies to loading dynamic 3D graphics, which, due to a «bad» connection, isn’t stable and destroys the effect of immersing the user in 3D content.", "\n\n3) The problem of lack of free space will ease. ", "New algorithms for storing media data will play a significant role here, but also the fast and stable mobile communication will allow you to simply store more content on cloud.", "\n\n4) Finally, AR applications will cease to absorb the battery’s charge with such appetite, since many calculations will be implemented on the servers side, freeing the on-board processors. ", "The latter may be less affected by Apple products, the philosophy of which assumes maximum optimization of the calculations on the final device. ", "Battery consumption will also decrease due to optimization of the 5G equipment itself, such as modems for mobile electronics.", "\n\nGrowth of popularity of AR cloud-based mobile services based on geolocation data and local visual navigation\n\nApplications are a much more extensive topic than devices, to think about while talking about 5G’s capabilities. ", "Not all applications need to work with cloud data sources. ", "For some of them this is even harmful. ", "Simple games or industrial cases where the reaction speed is important and which don’t need to process big data and update a large device base is not about cloud. ", "Although developers can integrate additional cloud functionality into them.", "\n\nNevertheless, there are many applications, where a permanent Internet connection is absolutely necessary. ", "First of all, this concerns solutions with navigation and a huge amount of data, such as 3D models made with Paint 3D, Tilt Brush and other modern creative tools.", "\n\nA particularly strong 5G boost will help geolocation games development, such as Pokemon Go, and augmented reality information services, as well as various browsers and platforms for content distribution. ", "They will introduce into the AR space: navigation, advertising, localized services, trade and many other areas that are now actively seeking new interactive formats for interaction with the consumer. ", "Therefore, a direct connection with potential client will become much more effective than the classical scenarios.", "\n\nAll 5G advantages will become available (at the same time!) ", "for augmented reality platforms, geolocation services, which combine tools for creating content, its monetization and consumption. ", "One such project is the Arcona Ecosystem.", "\n\nThe introduction of 5G for Arcona is an additional guarantee, reliability of operation and users comfort. ", "By getting the lots of the digital layer of the Earth at their disposal, the content developers will be able to build them up with many 3D models. ", "Information about the entire Digital Land and the objects located on it is stored on servers, where it is downloaded to user devices. ", "And the faster and more stable this process will be, the more realistic and exciting the new Arcona world will look like.", "\n\nFreedom of land use implies that landowners can run any legal action on it, such as trade, advertising activity, geolocation and static games, and gather events. ", "For real-time activity, reduction in transmission delays is critical and this will be ensured by the fifth-generation communication technologies. ", "Channel expansion will help to process a much larger number of variables simultaneously with a high speed.", "\n\nIn fact, this means that the world of augmented reality will be visually richer and will be able to offer more interesting projects. ", "Blockchain will give Arcona’s rapidly expanding trade system transparency and logic.", "\n\nEvery ten years a new generation of mobile communications is entering the market. ", "During this time, peak speeds increased from 1.9 kilobits to 1 gigabit per second. ", "And our world has changed: a huge number of pocket computers, cars, TVs and Internet of things devices entered our lifes, becoming absolutely familiar. ", "5G promises to bring the mobile Internet bandwidth up to 20 gigabit, making it more stable, efficient and flexible.", "\n\nThe first commercial implementations of 5G are expected in 2018. ", "All of them are timed to major sporting events. ", "For example, South Korean mobile operator KT Corporation promises to launch fifth-generation networks at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. ", "Russian «Megafon» and MTS want to deploy a new generation of networks at the upcoming World Cup. ", "Mass introduction is planned for 2020.", "\n\nMeanwhile, the augmented reality, has already become an integral part of the operating systems Android, iOS and Windows. ", "It will take another couple of years to perfect the consumer functions, and by 2020 the major technological powers, including Russia, the US and China, will be able to transfer their AR designs to the 5G rails, making a giant leap in their qualities.", "\n\nBy mid-2019, Arcona will enter the market with full functionality and will be ready for the fifth generation revolution. ", "Our global platform will become one of the pioneers of the new mobile world, which will open the door to millions of free users." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013793103448275862, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0.00816326530612245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00641025641025641, 0, 0, 0, 0.006896551724137931, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.0048543689320388345, 0.005, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009259259259259259, 0.006802721088435374, 0.007462686567164179, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00684931506849315, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0.016260162601626018, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0 ]

[ "U15 B Hurling County Final Kilbrittain v Bride Rovers\n\nKilbrittain 1-07 Bride Rovers 1-05The Kilbrittain under 15 B hurlers continued their successful year with a hard earned victory over Bride Rovers in the County final on Sunday in rain swept Brinny. ", "Kilbrittain had previously accounted for Bride Rovers in the East section final a few weeks previously but any complacency was quickly extinguished as Bride Rovers got a dream start. ", "Attacking from the throw-in, they found the net with a high dropping ball sent in by Brian Roach in the second minute The flight of the ball deceived Kilbrittain goalkeeper Ian Hodge and dropped into the net. ", "They added a point from a free a minute later. ", "Kilbrittain found it difficult to adjust to the conditions in those opening minutes and despite a Darragh Moore point in the seventh minute, were under pressure for much of the first quarter. ", "Ian Hodge was called upon twice in that time and making up for the earlier blunder, brought off two good saves to keep Kilbrittain in the game. ", "Darragh Moore added a fine point on the quarter hour mark followed by a pointed '65 from Ryan Lombard. ", "Kilbrittain were back in the game and with Bertie Butler, Tadgh Kearney and Sam Dewey defending well, Bride Rovers were now finding the going tough. ", "With five minutes to the break a strong run by Ciaran Byrne ended when his shot came back off the upright only to be finished to the net by Sam Shorten. ", "This was the way it ended for the break, Kilbrittain 1-3 Bride Rovers 1-1. ", "Kilbrittain opened the second half with a point from a Ciaran Byrne free. ", "Bride Rovers responded with a point from play. ", "While there was little or no wind in the first half, Kilbrittain were now playing against it as it increased during the second half and with the persistant rain, scores were limited. ", "Bride Rovers pointed a free to reduce the gap on ten minutes. ", "Ciaran Byrne pointed a free a couple of minutes later before a Bride Rovers purple patch yielded two points in quick succession to level the game. ", "Ciaran Byrne scored a lovely point to edge Kilbrittain back in front with ten minutes to go. ", "Bride Rovers really upped the ante for the last ten minutes and Ian Hodge in the Kilbrittain goal was impressive with two quick saves off the line before Ciaran Byrne scored the insurance point with four minutes to go from a free. ", "There was time for Hodge to emerge the hero with two more goal line clearances and with the Kilbrittain defence as a whole, defending for their lives, Kilbrittain held out for a famous win. ", "Captain Tadgh Kearney collected the cup amid scenes of Jubilation. ", "Final score Kilbrittain 1-07 Bride Rovers 1-05. ", "Team and Panel: Ian Hodge, Eoghan Byrne, Sam Dewey, Darren Burke, Bertie Butler, Tadgh Kearney, Shane Sweetnam, Tomas Sheehan, Darragh Moore 0-2, Philip Wall, Ryan Lombard 0-1, Sam Shorten 1-0, Ciaran Byrne 0-4, 0-3 frees, Oisin Dewey, Morgan Madden, Aaron Holland, James O'Donovan, Dylan Twohig, Nicholas Ustianowski, Kynan O'Hara, Jack O'Donovan, Kieran Murphy, Eoin Galvin, Misco Savic.", "\n\nMícheal Holland Cup final Kilbrittain v Bandon\n\nKilbrittain 4-12 Bandon 0-16\n\nIn wet and windy conditions, the premier intermediate hurlers beat Bandon to bring home the Micheal Holland cup for the second time. ", "Kilbrittain played against the gale and the driving rain in the first half and Bandon dominated the early part of the game. ", "Bandon points from Micheal Cahalane and Jason Hickey and Darren Crowley from a free saw them surge ahead. ", "Maurice Sexton pointed for Kilbrittain in the 10th minute. ", "By the end of the first quarter Bandon had increased their lead to five points, 0-6 to 0-1. ", "Declan Harrington and Paudie Hurley combined well for Hurley to point on 19 minutes. ", "Jamie Wall added a free soon after, but as the torrential rain made life miserable for both sides, Bandon started to cope better. ", "Points from Cahalane two, and Crowley two, one from a free put them in control by the 30th minute. ", "Then in injury time a Ross Cashman clearance added to by Vincent O’Brien was broken onto the on rushing Declan Harrington who finished it to the net. ", "This was followed by a Jamie Wall point a minute later to make it Bandon 0-10 Kilbrittain 1-4 at the break. ", "Turning to play with the elements, Kilbrittain had a dream start as Declan Harrington goaled again within thirty seconds as he followed in a Maurice Sexton delivery. ", "As the rain eased, Bandon refused to let Kilbrittain go ahead but two pointed frees were cancelled by Jamie Wall and Maurice Sexton. ", "Kilbrittain then hit the front following a Wall free in the 38th minute. ", "Tomas Harrington and Marc Sugrue exchanged points. ", "Two Cahalane frees put Bandon back in front and Declan Harrington levelled it again in the 49th minute. ", "Micheal Cahalane responded with a point before Sexton levelled it again with 8 minutes to go. ", "Jamie Wall gave the Bandon goalie no chance with four minutes to go to score a goal to put Kilbrittain 3 points to the good. ", "The resultant puck out was sent back over the bar from Alan Hayes and suddenly Kilbrittain were pulling away. ", "Bandon were shell shocked and gave a free to Wall who duly converted. ", "In injury time Declan Harington had the final say with a bullet from close range to register his hat-trick and with 2-2 without reply in those last five minutes, Kilbrittain reclaimed the cup last won in 2010 with a 4-12 to 0-16 score-line. ", "Captain Vincent O'Brien accepted the cup from Aaron Holland in the presence of John Corcoran chairman of the West Cork board. ", "Team R Hayes, C McCarthy, J Murphy, Damien Desmond, V O'Brien, R Cashman, C Hickey, David Desmond, C O'Leary, M Sexton 0-3, J Wall 1-5, A Hayes 0-1, T Harrington 0-1, P Hurley 0-1, D Harrington 3-1. ", "Subs used: P O'Mahony, J Hurley, C Moloney\n\nJunior B hurling c'ship final replay Kilbrittain v O'Donovan Rossa\n\nKilbrittain 0-14 O'Donovan Rossa 1-12 'We were robbed!' ", "was one reaction floating around following this West Cork final replay in Rosscarbery. ", "Kilbrittain held O'Donovan Rossa level at halftime and lead for all the second half. ", "Two points up deep in injury time, Kilbrittain felt they had this won but a questionable close in free, brought to a more favourable position, gave the Skibb side a lifeline which they duely availed of as their goalkeeper blasted the free to the net to win the game for the county champions by the narrowest of margins. ", "Kilbrittain opened the scoring and were two points up after three minutes courtesy of points from Declan O'Donovan and the impressive Edward Sheehy. ", "O'Donovan Rossa opened their account in the eight minute followed by another Sheehy free two minutes later. ", "Two Skibb points followed up with a shot for goal which was saved well by Llyod McSweeney. ", "The O’Donovan Rossa pressure continued and a minute later they pointed again before four successive point attempts which all fell wide of the target. ", "Kilbrittain were fortunate for these misses as they found scoring chances at a premium, but when they got them they took them with Gerry Coughlan scoring a fine point on 18 minutes. ", "The county champions scored twice in as many minutes on 23 and 25 minutes. ", "Kilbrittain captain Sean Hayes added a point immediately to level matters. ", "A Skibb free put them ahead again with time almost up. ", "Edward Sheehy tied the game in the third minute of injury time to leave the halftime score 0-6 a piece. ", "A couple of early chances went astray for Kilbrittain on the restart as they started to take control of the game. ", "An Eddie Sheehy free put them ahead in the 7th minute. ", "O’Donovan Rossa levelled with a free three minutes later. ", "Then Kilbrittain hit a purple patch with four unanswered points in as many minutes from Maurice Fielding, Gerry Coughlan, two beauties in quick succession and a Sheehy free to pull clear. ", "Skibb responded with two, one from a free. ", "Sheehy added a lovely point from play to put three between the sides again. ", "O’Donovan Rossa now began to dominate and a pointed free on 24 minutes followed by sustained pressure made for a hugely exciting final six minutes. ", "The Kilbrittain defence were outstanding during this time with David O’Sulliavn and Ronan Sheehan playing very well. ", "A goal line clearance by John Dollard was crucial to keep Kilbrittain afloat as O’Donovan Rossa piled on the pressure. ", "A pointed free with a minute to go made it 0-12 to 0-11. ", "Sheehy pointed a huge free with time up to regain a two point advantage. ", "Skibb replied with a point from play. ", "A final Sheehy free in the second minute of injury time put two between them again and the Kilbrittain supporters felt it was the winner. ", "It was not to be as that free was awarded two minutes later amid huge excitement. ", "The sliothar was pucked away in disgust which facilitated the ball being brought to a more favourable position. ", "The goal gave the cup to the Skibb side but for the team that deserved it more over the two games, it was a cruel way to lose.", "Final score Kilbrittain 0-14 O’Donovan Rossa 1-12.Team: Llyod McSweeney, John Dollard, David O’Sullivan, Owen Hurley, Kevin O’Neill, David McSweeney, Ronan Sheehan, Ryan Crowley, Edward Sheehy 0-8, 0-5 frees, Gerry Coughlan 0-3, Conor O’Donovan, Maurice Fielding 0-1, Cary Hayes, Declan O’Donovan 0-1, Sean Hayes 0-1. ", "Subs used: Cathal Moore, Alex O’Brien,\n\nJunior B hurling c'ship final Kilbrittain v O'Donovan Rossa\n\nKilbrittain 2-10 O'Donovan Rossa 2-10Kilbrittain met O'Donovan Rossa in the Junior B hurling west cork final at Rosscarbery. ", "The newly crowned county champions from Skibbereen opened the scoring in the first minute with a pointed free and added their second in 4th minute to go two points up. ", "A minute later a low Edward Sheehy free caused confusion in the Rossa's defence and Sean Hayes latched onto the breaking ball. ", "Sean did what he has done in previous games, turned and fired a low shot into the net for Kilbrittains opening score. ", "Kilbrittain took over for the next six minutes but failed to show that on the scoreboard. ", "Maurice Fielding did score a fine point from out by the far sideline on 9 minutes before the Skibb side found the net themselves following a delivery across the 14 yard line that was directed past Llyod McSweeney for a rather scrappy goal in the 11th minute. ", "This ignited O'Donovan Rossa and only for their bad shooting, they could have been well up at half time. ", "A point and 6 wides in the next ten minutes during which time Kilbrittain found it difficult to make much progress. ", "A goal bound 21 yard free by Sheehy was saved and cleared at the quarter hour mark was the best chance Kilbrittain had. ", "David McSweeney was very harshly pulled for a perfectly legitimate tackle when he very cleanly won a ball which lead to a fruitless free for the Skibb side. ", "They increased their lead 7 minutes to the break with a point. ", "Kilbrittain had a couple of chances before Gerry Coughlan pointed with 2 minutes to the break. ", "Alex O'Brien did have a chance but it didn't change the score that read at halftime, Kilbrittain 1-2 O'Donovan Rossa 1-4.Kilbrittain tore into the second half with chances for Edward Sheehy and Sean Hayes but it was O'Donovan Rossa who opened the scoring again in the 2nd minute when a long range low shot deceived the Kilbrittain rear-guard and ended up in the net. ", "Despite this set back, Kilbrittain responded well and a point in the 4th minute from Conor O'Donovan and two converted '65's in the 6th and 7th minutes from Edward Sheehy brought Kilbrittain back into the game. ", "Sheehy added an inspirational point from a free some 80yards out in the 10th minute. ", "The Skibb side replied with a point and Sheehy added a point from a free to make in O'Donovan Rossa 2-6 Kilbrittain 1-7 at the halfway point. ", "Kilbrittains backs we clearing they're lines well with John Dollard and David O'Sullivan clearing a lot of ball. ", "Kilbrittain introduced Cathal Moore and he soon had a telling impact as he collected a high ball and booted to the net to put Kilbrittain ahead. ", "Sheehy added a poin from play and Kilbrittain were now two points to the good with 10 minutes left. ", "The Skibb won a couple of soft frees and with 3 minutes to go, re-gained the lead with their third free on the trot. ", "Ryan Crowley levelled matters a minute later with a fine point but O'Donovan Rossa replied immediately with time almost up. ", "In a whelter of excitement, Kilbrittain finished strong. ", "Maurice Fielding had a chance but it was Gerry Coughlan who saved the day for Kilbrittain with a fine point from out by the sideline to earn Kibrittain a deserved replay. ", "Team: Llyod McSweeney, Owen Hurley, Davie O'Sullivan, John Dollard, Kevin O'Neill, David McSweeney, Ronan Sheehan, Alex O'Brien, Edward Sheehy 0-5, 0-2 '65's, 0-2 frees, Gerry Coughlan 0-2, Conor O'Donovan 0-1, Maurice Fielding 0-1, Gary Hayes, Declan O'Donovan, Sean Hayes 1-0.Subs used: Ryan Crowley 0-1, Cathal Moore 1-0.", "\n\nJunior B hurling championship semi-final Kilbrittain v Randal Og\n\nKilbrittain 3-08 Randal Og 1-10The Junior B hurlers were in championship action when they played Randal Og in the semi-final on a perfect sunny day in Bandon. ", "Kilbrittain found it tough during the first half with Randal's more economical with the use of the sliothar. ", "Kilbrittain did open the scoring in the first minute with a Gary Hayes point but Randal's first chance saw the ball end up in the Kilbrittain net. ", "They pointed soon after before Edward Sheehy pointed a free for Kilbrittain. ", "This was Kilbrittains last score for fourteen minutes and during this time Randal Og added three points to increase their lead. ", "Gary Hayes stopped the rot with a goal bound shot saved over the bar. ", "Randals added a point before a Sheehy free was doubled on by Declan O'Donovan who was unlucky as Patrick Lynch in the Randals goal made another good save. ", "Sheehy added a free followed by a Randals point to leave the halftime score Kilbrittain 0-4 Randal Og 1-6. ", "Randal Og sent a free wide on the re-start. ", "Kilbrittain then got a lifeline as two goals in as many minutes changed the game. ", "Gary Hayes scored a beauty in the 2nd minute and before Randal's could respond, Declan O'Donovan had the ball in the net again as he caught a Ryan Crowley delivery, turned and sent a low shot past the Randals goalie. ", "Edward Sheehy added a free and all of a sudden Kilbrittain lead by two, 2-5 to 1-6 after five minutes of the second half. ", "Randals were hit for six and with Sheehy, David McSweeney, John Dollard, Davy O'Sullivan and Owen Hurley all showing experience to batten down the hatches, it took until the 15th minute for them to score. ", "Meanwhile, Kilbrittain added a third goal courtesy of a low Sheehy free from 35yards that went all the way to the net with the goalie looking at the blinding low sun. ", "Sheehy added a point from play before Randals hit a purple patch on the quarter hour. ", "Three points in as many minutes cut the deficit but Kilbrittain through Sheehy with two pointed frees in the 19th and 21st minutes, held on for a great victory and a mouth watering meeting with county champions O'Donovan Rossa in the final. ", "Final score Kilbrittain 3-08. ", "Randal Og 1-10. ", "Team: L McSweeney, J Dollard, D O'Sullivan, O Hurley, M Fielding, D McSweeney, R Sheehan, A O'Brien, E Sheehy 1-6, 1-5 frees, G Hayes 1-2, C O'Donovan, G Coughlan, D Hayes, D O'Donovan 1-0, S Hayes (Capt). ", "Subs used R Crowley, K O'Neill, C Moore, A O' Regan.", "\n\nJunior B hurling championship quarter-final Kilbrittain v Bantry\n\nKilbrittain 3-13 Bantry 1-8Kilbrittain Junior B hurlers played Bantry in the first round of the championship in a wet drizzley Dunmanway under lights. ", "Beaten by Bantry at the semi-final stage last year, Kilbrittain fielded a somewhat more experienced team with Edward Sheehy at midfield, David McSweeney eligible again this year, at Centre Back and veteran David O'Sullivan at full back. ", "Bantry opened the scoring with a pointed Garry Hurley free in the first minute. ", "Edward Sheehy responded with a '65. ", "Kilbrittain started to trouble the Bantry defence from an early stage and had a couple of chances before captain Sean Hayes scored a brilliant point over his shoulder in the 6th minute. ", "Bantry added a point from play (Foley) and another from a Hurley free before a good pass by Declan O'Donovan found Sean Hayes inside his marker and he made no mistake with a bullet of a shot into the Bantry net from close range. ", "O'Donovan himself pointed a minute later and Kilbrittain proceeded to dominate the next fifteen minutes. ", "A beautiful sideline cut over the bar by Edward Sheehy and a missed '65 were followed by Kilbrittains second goal. ", "Declan O'Donovan was the provider again when he found his brother Conor with a cross field pass. ", "Conor on the edge of the square fired a rocket to the roof of the net. ", "Hayes pointed soon after and Ronan Sheehan scored a fine point with five minutes to the break. ", "Sheehy missed and then pointed a free. ", "From the resulting puck out, Gary Hayes won a great ball and passed to Declan O'Donovan who finished the sliothar to the net for Kilbrittains third goal. ", "There was time for Bantry to respond with their fourth point before the halftime whistle. ", "Halftime score Kilbrittain 3-7 Bantry 0-4. ", "Kilbrittain started the second half with a point from Declan O'Donovan who showed great fielding ability to catch a high ball. ", "Edward Sheehy added a point in the second minute. ", "Bantry responded with two points, a free from Hurley and a good point from play by Foley who was operating from wing back for the second half. ", "Declan O'Donovan caught another great ball and pointed on the quarter hour, Sheehy pointed a free and a good move involving Declan and Conor O'Donovan resulted in the latter scoring a fine point. ", "Sheehy added what turned out to be Kilbrittains final score with 9 minutes to go. ", "Kilbrittain took the foot off the pedal and emptied the subs bench for the final ten minutes which saw Bantry score 1-2 with the last point in injury time. ", "These were only consolation scores as Kilbrittain advance to meet Randal Og in the semi-final.", "Final score Kilbrittain 3-13 Bantry 1-8Team: Llyod McSweeney, Owen Hurley, David O'Sullivan, John Dollard, Ronan Sheehan 0-1, David McSweeney, Maurice Fielding, Edward Sheehy 0-6, 0-1 '65, 0-1 s/line, 0-3 frees. ", "Alex O'Brien, Gary Hayes, Conor O'Donovan 1-1, Ryan Crowley, Darragh Hayes, Declan O'Donovan 1-3, Sean Hayes (Capt) 1-2. ", "Subs used Cathal Moore, Denis Twohig, Gerry Coughlan, Gerard Whelton, Sean Coughlan.", "\n\nKilbrittain 0-12 Watergrasshill 1-14Kilbrittain and Watergrasshill met in the quarter-final of the premier Intermediate hurling championship in Pairc ui Rinn. ", "Kilbrittain were without Vincent O'Brien but had Alan Hayes returning from injury and Conor Moloney back from the US. ", "Kilbrittain were dominant in the opening thirty minutes but despite going in level at halftime, they would live to rue the amount of wides especially during the first half. ", "Kilbrittain were they brighter starters but following three off target shots in as many minutes it was Watergrasshill who opened the scoring in the third minute through Paudie Cahill who pointed before he fired in a low shot past Robert Hayes inside six minutes. ", "Impressive Ross Cashman opened Kilbrittains account with a pointed '65 a minute later and following a Jamie Wall point in the 10th minute, Kilbrittain were to dominate the remainder of the half. ", "However they found it hard to translate that on the scoreboard and fired five wides in the next six minutes. ", "Jamie pointed a free and immediately after, Alan Hayes hit a rasper that was deflected over the bar for Kilbrittain's 4th point and the equalising score. ", "Watergrasshill were living on scraps at this stage but managed to poke their noses in front with two points within a minute with 9 minutes on the clock to halftime. ", "While Connor Moloney and Hayes missed chances, Wall kept Kilbrittain in touch with a lovely point. ", "Maurice Sexton levelled the game again with 2 minutes left and David Desmond put Kilbrittain ahead with a point with time up. ", "Watergrasshill tied the game in the final minute following an intercepted clearance, with the sides level 0-7 to 1-4 at the short whistle. ", "Watergrasshill would have been the happier at this stage as they were level with limited possession and only three wides over the first half. ", "Kilbrittain however should have been well up had they not clocked up 11 wides with some of those well off the target. ", "Watergrasshill regained the lead immediately after the re-start. ", "Pat O'Mahony was off target twice in quick succession before Maurice Sexton hit two superb points within a minute of each other in the 6th minute. ", "Watergrasshill responded with a point followed by an unsuccessfull effort from Sexton. ", "Cashman and Hayes had chances in the 9th minute but it was Watergrasshill who now started to take control. ", "A point in the 12th minute started a period of dominance, but with three wides , two from frees, they failed to pull away. ", "Four points between the 16th and 22nd minutes sandwiched two Kilbrittain scores, both from Jamie Wall whose marksmanship made him Kilbrittains most dangerous forward. ", "His point on 17 minutes was the score of the match as he blocked a Watergrasshill clearance, controlled the sliothar on his hurley, turned and pointed. ", "Watergrasshill defended strongly for the last ten minutes with Ian Gardiner, Patrick O'Regan, Noel O' Riordan and Kieran Coakley to the fore. ", "Paudie Cahill was prominent again in the latter stages as he fired over three points in the last three minutes, the first of which came directly from a Kilbrittain mistake. ", "Jamie Wall did add a point for Kilbrittain with two minutes to go but time ran out for Kilbrittain and with eight more wides in the second half, nineteen for the game, it was really a game where Kilbrittain lost it rather than were beaten!Team: Robert Hayes, Cal McCarthy, John Murphy, Damien Desmond, Cian O'Leary, Ross Cashman 0-1 '65, Darren Hickey, James Deasy, Chris Hickey Capt, Connor Moloney, Maurice Sexton 0-3, David Desmond 0-1, Pat O'Mahony, Alan Hayes 0-1, Jamie Wall 0-6, 0-3 frees.", "Subs used: Declan Harrington, Tomas Harrington, Paudie Hurley.", "\n\nU21 A hurling championship Kilbrittain v Newcestown\n\nKilbrittain 1-06 Newcestown 0-11\n\nKilbrittain went into this Clona Milk U21A hurling West Cork semi-final against Newcestown with not a lot of preparation as it is difficult to fit in U21 between Premier intermediate, junior and minor hurling championship preparation. ", "However, on paper Kilbrittain went into the game with plenty experience through Jamie Wall, Chris Hickey, Declan Harrington, Ivan Burke, Nick O'Donovan, James Hurley, to name a few. ", "The absence of Conor Moloney would prove crucial though as a younger Newcestown side pulled away in the the final five minutes to secure a place in the final against Bandon. ", "Kilbrittain, playing with the strong wind, started brightly with a point from Declan Harrington inside the first minute. ", "Newcestown equalised through a '65 in the 3rd minute. ", "Kilbrittain fairly dominated the first quarter but the score board didn't reflect their dominance. ", "It took until the 18th minute before Jamie Wall pointed from a close in free. ", "He added another free a minute later to increase the lead 0-3 to 0-1. ", "Newcestown pointed from play with five minutes to the break to keep in touch. ", "Wall pointed a long range free with three minutes to the break followed immediately by a good effort from Eamon Lyons which fell narrowly wide. ", "While five minutes of injury time was played, the scoreboard did not change and the sides went in at halftime. ", "Kilbrittain 0-4 Newcestown 0-2 and one feared it was not enough after playing with the strong wind. ", "The wind died somewhat on the resumption and didn't really have a bearing on the remainder of the game. ", "Wall missed a free in the first minute but Declan Harrington pointed immediately to increase the lead. ", "Newcestown responded with a point in the 3rd minute and two within the 6th minute to level matters 0-5 each. ", "Then two minutes later a fierce drive by Ivan Burke, found Ryan Crowley who passed on to Declan Harrington whose run of 25yards ended with a bullet to the back of the net. ", "This gave Kilbrittain breathing space and while Newcestown added a point a minute later, Wall pointed a free in the 13th minute to restore Kilbrittains three point advantage. ", "On the quarter hour Newcestown cut the deficit to two and again added another two minutes later to leave the bare minimum between the sides. ", "Newcestown began to get on top at this stage and Llyod McSweeney had to bring off a good save from a close in free with nine minutes left. ", "Wall had the opportunity to push Kilbrittain further ahead with a free a minute later but to no avail. ", "With three minutes on the clock Newcestown levelled the game again with a pointed free and try as they might, Kilbrittain couldn't respond and with two more scoreable frees given away, they handed Newcestown their chances to lead and pull away in the 28th and 30th minutes. ", "While a further two and a half minutes were played, Kilbrittain couldn't make a break through and Newcestown held on to advance.", "Team: L McSweeney, P Sheehan, I Burke, S Crowley, N O'Donovan, J Hurley, R Sheehan, J Kearney, R Crowley, J Wall 0-4 all frees, D Whelton, C Hickey, D Harrington 1-2, E Lyons, C Crowley. ", "subs used, K O'Neill.", "\n\nPremier Intermediate C'ship rd 4 Kilbrittain v Valley Rovers\n\nhttp://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/hurling/kilbrittain-make-most-of-valleys-failure-to-fire-238884.htmlKilbrittain 1-10 Valley Rovers 0-11 Cian O’Leary’s first half goal strike proved crucial as Kilbrittain advanced to the quarter-finals of the Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship following a tough intense game on Sunday afternoon in Kinsale. ", "Not a classic by any means, for defeated Valley Rovers, their demise was largely of their own making; the concession of too many scoreable frees and a failure to take advantage of a plethora of second-half scoring opportunities. ", "Their mentors on the line could only shake their heads in disbelief as the players racked up wide after wide to leave Kilbrittain in control of a game noted for its intensity, but which lacked finesse. ", "Valley Rovers finished with 14 wides, 10 of them in the second half as the battle for a quarter-final spot raged. ", "Kilbrittain, although struggling to find the target from open play, were at least consistent with six first-half and five second-half wides. ", "Going forward they will surely know that an over-reliance on the free-taking expertise of Jamie Wall won’t be sufficient against the level of opposition they are bound to face. ", "The pleasing aspect for Kilbrittain was the huge work rate with hooks, blocks, tackling and harassing Valleys throughout.", "Kilbrittain failed to score a point from play during the first half and, indeed, their first arrived 12 minutes from time from the stick of Pat O'Mahony. ", "In that sense, Cian O’Leary’s 14th-minute goal was critical in maintaining their slender advantage throughout. ", "Cork U21 Jamie Wall’s frees kept Kilbrittain’s first half tally ticking over, 5 points in all, while Eamonn Collins and Kevin Canty made the biggest contribution to Valley Rovers’ first-half total of 0-8. ", "O’Leary’s major in the opening quarter was exceptional in that he gathered possession straight from a puck-out and finished brilliantly with a diagonal strike that Ger Rice had no chance of stopping. ", "Ross Cashman sent over a long range free to give Kilbrittains tally of 1-6 at half-time. ", "Rice had earlier denied Tommy Harrington with an excellent stop and he went on to deny Wall in the 42nd minute with a half-block that allowed defender David Lynch to divert the goal-bound sliotar away to safety. ", "That second half was memorable only for the succession of missed chances and the fact that Canty actually scored the first score from play of the second 30 well into the final quarter. ", "That was just one of three, however, and Kilbrittain were able to add to their slim half-time advantage by outscoring their rivals four points to three, the points coming from Wall, a free, the aforementioned Pat O'Mahony, Wall from the tightest of angles (following a good crossfield sideline cut by David Desmond) and Maurice Sexton two minutes into injury time. ", "This was the 'insurance point' as it put three between the sides. ", "Valleys had time to point from a free a minute later but it was too little too late as Kilbrittain held on for the victory despite being reduced to 14 men with time up following a second yellow card shown to Darren Hickey. ", "Kilbrittain now await the outcome of Mallow and Watergrasshill to see who they will face in the quarter-final.", "\n\nKilbrittain 1-13 Diarmuid O'Mathunas 4-11Kilbrittain and Diarmuid O'Mathunas met in the quarter-final of the Kinetica West Cork championship on a perfect evening for hurling in Bandon. ", "Kilbrittain started well despite the first score from Mathunas in the first minute. ", "Two Des Deasy frees put Kilbrittain ahead by the 5th minute. ", "By the 11th minute Fintan O'Connell and Seamus O'Brien had added two more and Kilbrittain lead by double scores, 0-4 to 0-2. ", "Kilbrittain were dominating most sectors of the field at this stage but then Mathunas came right back into the game when they dropped in a high ball that seemed to deceive both the backs and goalkeeper Terry O'Regan and it ended up in the net. ", "Kilbrittain were quick to reply and the next move saw a Declan Harrington shot hit the post and go off wide. ", "Des Deasy levelled the game with a pointed free on the quarter hour mark but then Mathunas in the next attack found acres of space to run straight through the Kilbritain defence and shoot for a goal. ", "With there tails up they failed to increase the lead with 2 wides within the next thirty seconds. ", "They added a point on the 18th minute and then Kilbrittain regained composure to score 2 points from the stick of Harrington to leave it Kilbrittain 0-7 Mathunas 2-3 with ten minutes to the break.", "Then Mathunas hit a purple patch and with a similar goal to their second added by 2 points had increased their lead with four minutes to halftime. ", "Nigel Quinlan pulled one back for Kilbrittain with a pointed free quickly followed by another pointed free this time from Des Deasy. ", "Mathunas pointed in the next minute with the last score of the half to leave it Kilbrittain 0-9 Diarmuid O'Mathunas 3-6 at halftime. ", "Those three first half goals were to prove the difference between the sides as both teams couldn't really be separated in the second half. ", "Kilbrittain were first to attack in the second half but Fintan O'Connell's effort drifted wide before Mathunas effectively put the game beyond Kilbrittains reach with a 3rd minute goal . ", "Kilbrittain would never give up and Declan Harrington added a point a couple of minutes later. ", "Mathunas replied with a point and then Harrington found himself clear and goaled with a bullet. ", "This reduced the lead to six between the sides. ", "Mathunas however added 2 points before Kilbrittain next score from Sean McCarthy with 10 minutes left. ", "Kilbrittain were guilty of a few wides at this stage which they could have done without but with Mathunas finishing strong and despite sub Eamon Lyons pointing, Mathunas held out with another late point to win on a scoreline of Kilbrittain 1-13 Diarmuid O'Mathunas 4-11.Team: Terry O'Regan, Padraig Sheehan, Ivan Burke, Sean Crowley, John Kearney, David Hayes, Sean McCarthy 0-1, Nigel Quinlan 0-1 free, Paudie Hurley, Des Deasy 0-4 all frees, Owen Sexton, Fintan O'Connell 0-1, Declan Harrington 1-3, Seamus O'Brien 0-1, Denis Murphy. ", "Subs used James Hurley, Eamon Lyons 0-1.", "\n\nSenior Hurling C'ship Carbery v Avondhu\n\nCarbery refuse to lie down Monday, June 10, 2013By Denis Hurley\n\nAvondhu 1-15 Carbery 2-12\n\nAn odd game in Cloughduv on Saturday evening.", "For 51 minutes, Avondhu’s progression to the last 16 of the Cork SHC proper looked to be a fairly hassle-free affair, and when Peter O’Brien hit his 11th point they led by 1-15 to 1-8. ", "Carbery’s race looked run, and a pair of Eoin Kelly points appeared to be little more than consolation scores. ", "When sub Alan Hayes tapped in after Rory O’Sullivan’s shot was blocked, however, all of a sudden there were just two points between the teams and then Ryan cut the deficit to the minimum with a 65. ", "Avondhu were reeling, and when possession from the puckout could not be secured, a free was conceded just outside the 65, Kelly’s conversion of same never in doubt. ", "The West Cork division could even have seized victory but time was called and, after brief uncertainty over extra-time, a replay was the decision. ", "It was an outcome Carbery manager Noel Crowley was willing to accept. “", "It was a great comeback, we thought it was all over,” he said. “", "Our fellas have great heart and they showed it, they never died and in the end we had a chance when the whistle was blown, Maurice Sexton had the ball and he’d have put it over with his eyes closed. “", "We were missing a lot of fellas tonight, we had a weak panel.” ", "Too often, failure to get good ball into Michael Cahalane and Rory O’Sullivan cost Carbery dearly, but midfielder Eoghan O’Donovan and wing-back Pádraig Butler stood firm in the face of Avondhu pressure. ", "Cork panellist O’Brien was in unerring form for the North Cork side, only missing an early 20m free where he went for goal, while right half-back Darragh Carroll and Eoin Dillon at midfield did well and Adrian Mannix showed flashes in attack. ", "Cahalane thought he had procured a second-minute goal for Carbery as his shot was deemed by the umpires to have crossed the line before James O’Sullivan cleared it, but following consultation with referee Derek Carroll the flags were crossed. ", "While Carbery led 0-2 to 0-1 after the first 10 minutes, five consecutive O’Brien points gave Avondhu a cushion, and the lead was 0-8 to 0-4 before first-half injury time provided a goal, Mannix winning a Carroll delivery and firing home. ", "The early stages of the second half followed a similar pattern, Carbery doing their cause no help with some poor wides from placed balls before Kelly was given the duty, and Noel McNamara and O’Brien pushed Avondhu nine points clear. ", "In the 40th minute, though, Carbery got some hope as O’Sullivan netted and John Sheehan and Kelly followed with points to leave it 1-11 to 1-7. ", "Avondhu looked to have weathered that storm as Danny O’Flynn and O’Brien scored, and had McNamara made the most of a half-chance of a goal then they surely would have been out of sight. ", "As it was, they were pegged back but still remain alive, and manager Johnny Keane was not going to lament his lot too much. “", "We started very poorly in the first 10 minutes,” he said, “but we were in cruise control after that, especially in the first 15 minutes of the second half. “", "They started winning all the puckouts though and got 1-4, no defence can deal with that, and they were in the ascendancy at the end, luckily for us the referee blew the whistle and we live to fight another day. “", "We probably should have won the day, but we’re still lucky to be in the competition.”", "\n\nJunior A hurling c'ship first rd Kilbrittain v Kilbree\n\nKILBRITTAIN 3-10KILBREE 1-13\n\nWEST CORK GAEL REPORTS\n\nUNLIKE its counterpart in the double-decker programme at Enniskeane on Monday afternoon, this Kinetica South West junior A hurling championship first-round tussle between Kilbrittain’s second team and Kilbree was in doubt until the dying moments of an exciting game. ", "Ironically, it was two substitutes, James Hurley and Eamon Lyons, who teamed up superbly, as Declan Harrington powered home the crucial third Kilbrittain goal in the 58th minute. ", "Even then the Seasiders could not relax as gallant Kilbree surged forward from the puckout, in one last desperate foray. ", "However, a pointed free by one of their long-serving stalwarts Kevin O’Donovan was their only reward, as fine defending by the Kilbrittain defence, in particular Nick O’Donovan and Dave Hayes, thwarted the Blues for a final time.", "It was that kind of game, close, reasonably exciting, honest endeavour from both teams, but on mature reflection the knowhow sprinkled amongst the Kilbrittain team, in the shape of several players who had intermediate experience under their belts, stood them in good stead and was of paramount importance to the result. ", "Another factor to be considered is that on glancing at the scoreboard, the spread of scores by the Kilbrittain personnel was much more comprehensive than that of Kilbree, who had Kevin O’Donovan accounting for 0-9, while Liam Daly had 0-3 and Darragh Coakley scored 1-1.Sharing In marked contrast, the Black and Amber had five players sharing the spoils, with the scoring return of Des Deasy, a personal tally of 0-7, being particularly noteworthy.", "The octane scoring, in an overall context, ensured that the interest level never waned at any stage, with the sides being level on four occasions in an exciting opening 20 minutes. ", "Liam Daly, who worked very hard in the Kilbree cause, opened proceedings in the very first minute, before Des Deasy began his scoring crusade with points from play and a dead ball.", "Then in a whirlwind of frenetic action, both sides raised green flags inside a minute. ", "A Nigel Quinlan free was touched home by Kilbrittain’s Seamus O’Brien. ", "Almost from the restart, Kilbree broke downfield, Daniel O’Leary found the impressive Darragh Coakley and from close range he flicked the ball high into the Kilbrittain rigging past Terry O’Regan.", "It set the tone for a flurry of activity with Quinlan, Deasy, Paudie Hurley, Fintan O’Connell, Declan Harrington and Owen Sexton motoring well for the winners. ", "While Damien Bennett, DaveO’Donovan, Ray Collins, Daly, Kevin O’Donovan and Coakley were prominent for Kilbree at this stage as first one team, then the other, had periods of supremacy.", "Then just on the blow of half time with the match poised on a knife’s edge, 1-8 to 1-7, and Kilbree just in the ascendancy, Kilbrittain struck for a crucial second major. ", "Declan Harrington won possession, parted to captain Denis Murphy and when alert Kilbree keeper Denis Dullea parried his drive, the lurking Paudie Hurley swept the rebound home. ", "A cruel blow to Kilbree, it was to get worse before it improved as Declan Harrington rattled over another point on the second half resumption, 2-8 to 1-8. ", "However, Kilbree refused to go away and with Kevin O’- Donovan faultless from frees and Liam Daly, Coakley and Shane O’Donovan still battling away, they chipped at the Kilbrittain lead. ", "But the ability of the Black and Amber to match like-with-like, and with Deasy proving an ace in the scoring pack, it was nip and tuck until Harrington sealed it at the death.", "Kilbrittain have jumped a tricky obstacle, while Kilbree have possible redemption against Bandon in round two.", "Scorers Kilbrittain: Des Deasy 0-7 (4f), Declan Harrington 1-2, Paudie Hurley 1-0, Seamus O’Brien 1-0, Nigel Quinlan 0-1f.", "Kilbree:Kevin O’Donovan 0-9 (6f, 1 65), Darragh Coakley 1-1, Liam Daly 0-3.", "\n\nPremier Intermediate hurling c'ship 1st rd Kilbrittain v Cloyne\n\nhttp://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/reason-to-party-for-kilbrittain-233101.htmlBy Brian Canty, Cork PIHCMonday, June 03, 2013Kilbrittain 0-17 Cloyne 1-12 A first round win it may have been but to witness Kilbrittain whooping and hollering at the final whistle would have the neutral believing it was something wholly more significant. ", "But that would be to miss the point because the West Cork men have been well below the radar — with good reason, ever since they won the Intermediate A grade in 2010.", "\n\nAnd the manner in which they dug this out against a most dogged opponent at Páirc Uí Rinn suggests they are ripe for a cut off the county this year having been stagnant since their elevation to the top grade three seasons ago. ", "But how close they were to losing this. ", "Cork legend Diarmuid O’Sullivan stood over a free with the last puck of the game, 21 yards out with a goal the only option as his side trailed by two. ", "He drilled one in 10 minutes previously to haul his side back into contention after a 10-minute scoring drought and the smart money would have been on him repeating the act and rescuing the match. ", "But the Kilbrittain rearguard flung themselves square in front of it to thwart his effort and held on as Nathan Wall’s final whistle sparked scenes of euphoria. ", "Cloyne came into this as warm favourites and even though they were hampered by the loss of marquee forward Paudie O’Sullivan, they would still have been expected to advance. ", "It is, after all, just 12 months since they narrowly lost to reigning senior hurling champions Sarsfields — before being relegated four harrowing months later. ", "However, they shipped a massive blow —self-inflicted, mind — after just four minutes when Colm O’Sullivan inexplicably floored a Kilbrittain defender Cal McCarthy off the ball and was promptly sent off. ", "That forced Cloyne into a reshuffle, with O’Sullivan and fellow veteran Conor Cusack isolated inside. ", "The tactic worked perfectly for as long as they had legs— but coming down the stretch Kilbrittain’s young guns found theirs, stretched them, and in a crucial 10-minute spell (45-55) knocked over six unanswered points to leave Cloyne gasping for breath. ", "On hindsight, it was the winning of the match. ", "but just after they knocked over their penultimate score — a Ross Cashman 65, O’Sullivan walloped home a Cloyne goal at the other end to make it 1-12 to 0-16. ", "A weaker team would have folded as the East Cork men came searching for an equaliser, but it was then that Kilbrittain’s outstanding performers stood up. ", "Centre-back Cashman fed the outstanding Vince O’Brien on his right, who arrowed a perfect pass to man of the match Jamie Wall, who in turn fed Maurice Sexton for his fourth of the afternoon and his side’s 17th score, 11th from play. ", "It was a fluid move — not their first, but they struggled for that off-the-cuff style in the opening period as Cloyne smothered them with voracious hunger and tenacious tackling. ", "Jordan Sherlock and Brian Fleming were immense for Cloyne and stifled the threat of Wall — who was having enough trouble trying to beat Killian Cronin. ", "In midfield, Donal O’Sullivan walloped over two brilliant scores from distance while Keith Dennehy — now deployed as a lone ranger to occupy the spaces vacated by Colm O’Sullivan, popped up with some sweet points. ", "But Kilbrittain answered them each time, Wall with a brace of points while O’Brien and Sexton were also prominent. ", "Cloyne will rue a couple of missed goal chances in that first half, but a stalemate at the break would have pleased both managers. ", "On a sweltering day, Cloyne’s patched up — and ageing side began to wilt as Wall, sub Pat O’Mahony, Cashman and Sexton all began finding space. ", "That six-point scoring spree sandwiched a couple of Cloyne wides and Wall could have sealed it on 52 minutes when he skinned his marker but had his ground shot turned round the post by Cusack. ", "But they weren’t to be denied a famous win." ]

[ 0.011857707509881422, 0.01639344262295082, 0.009569377990430622, 0, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0.019417475728155338, 0.026845637583892617, 0.013071895424836602, 0, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0, 0, 0.006802721088435374, 0.021505376344086023, 0.008658008658008658, 0.010526315789473684, 0.029850746268656716, 0, 0.056555269922879174, 0.004694835680751174, 0, 0.02830188679245283, 0.01694915254237288, 0.010869565217391304, 0.023529411764705882, 0.015384615384615385, 0.020202020202020204, 0.02, 0.018518518518518517, 0.018072289156626505, 0.022556390977443608, 0, 0.0392156862745098, 0.019230769230769232, 0.010638297872340425, 0.016, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.004149377593360996, 0.023809523809523808, 0.05025125628140704, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0.003125, 0.013422818791946308, 0.009259259259259259, 0.01098901098901099, 0.006666666666666667, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0.02666666666666667, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0.017241379310344827, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0.017094017094017096, 0.025210084033613446, 0, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0.0440251572327044, 0.022123893805309734, 0, 0.023622047244094488, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0.011583011583011582, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.012738853503184714, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0.013623978201634877, 0.014218009478672985, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0.02654867256637168, 0.013793103448275862, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0.016129032258064516, 0.017543859649122806, 0.011695906432748537, 0.04938271604938271, 0.004405286343612335, 0.009174311926605505, 0.013605442176870748, 0.012987012987012988, 0.015625, 0.014285714285714285, 0.012903225806451613, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0.018433179723502304, 0.00819672131147541, 0.024390243902439025, 0.005988023952095809, 0, 0.008298755186721992, 0, 0, 0.038834951456310676, 0.057692307692307696, 0.0045662100456621, 0.012658227848101266, 0.0125, 0.027777777777777776, 0.005376344086021506, 0.017467248908296942, 0.009523809523809525, 0.017391304347826087, 0.020618556701030927, 0, 0.021052631578947368, 0, 0.01948051948051948, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0.02, 0.006993006993006993, 0.015306122448979591, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0.010638297872340425, 0.03773584905660377, 0.05785123966942149, 0.05952380952380952, 0.006211180124223602, 0.025423728813559324, 0, 0.011406844106463879, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0.01948051948051948, 0, 0.020202020202020204, 0.015873015873015872, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013605442176870748, 0.011494252873563218, 0.018691588785046728, 0, 0.011976047904191617, 0.006578947368421052, 0.035211267605633804, 0, 0.034274193548387094, 0.04838709677419355, 0.009259259259259259, 0.03296703296703297, 0.017241379310344827, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0.006944444444444444, 0.009009009009009009, 0.01, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0.01744186046511628, 0.011428571428571429, 0.0070921985815602835, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0.015625, 0.0427807486631016, 0.047619047619047616, 0.007177033492822967, 0.004366812227074236, 0, 0.008771929824561403, 0, 0.005649717514124294, 0, 0.006493506493506494, 0, 0.01951219512195122, 0.005, 0.033707865168539325, 0.014150943396226415, 0.005405405405405406, 0.00821917808219178, 0, 0.008968609865470852, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0, 0.016, 0.00819672131147541, 0.009174311926605505, 0, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0.006802721088435374, 0.007518796992481203, 0.022556390977443608, 0, 0.016042780748663103, 0.010526315789473684, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0.019417475728155338, 0.03171641791044776, 0.05, 0.016666666666666666, 0.010810810810810811, 0.018018018018018018, 0.015151515151515152, 0.006060606060606061, 0, 0.028169014084507043, 0, 0.005, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0.012345679012345678, 0.012345679012345678, 0.016736401673640166, 0.017094017094017096, 0.020833333333333332, 0.016129032258064516, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0.010554089709762533, 0.01675977653631285, 0.01652892561983471, 0.013100436681222707, 0.003125, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0.005555555555555556, 0, 0.04225352112676056, 0.02040816326530612, 0.025, 0.032432432432432434, 0.011695906432748537, 0.02824858757062147, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.016129032258064516, 0.005714285714285714, 0.00909090909090909, 0.03278688524590164, 0.04, 0.004987531172069825, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006211180124223602, 0.005747126436781609, 0.00625, 0.009852216748768473, 0.00980392156862745, 0.003952569169960474, 0, 0, 0.006493506493506494, 0.012875536480686695, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0.009345794392523364, 0.017391304347826087, 0.007633587786259542, 0.020833333333333332, 0.0051813471502590676, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nRemoving single-quote from a string in php\n\nI have an HTML form that a user can input text into a title field, I then have php creating an HTML file called title.html\nMy problem is that users can input spaces and apostrophes into the title field that can't be used in the html file name. ", "I replaced the spaces with underscores by using:\n$FileName = str_replace(\" \", \"_\", $UserInput);\n\nHowever, I can't seem to remove single-quotes? ", "I have tried using:\n$FileName = preg_replace(\"/'/\", '', $UserInput); \n\nbut this took test's and turned it into test\\s.html.", "\n\nA:\n\nUsing your current str_replace method:\n$FileName = str_replace(\"'\", \"\", $UserInput);\n\nWhile it's hard to see, the first argument is a double quote followed by a single quote followed by a double quote. ", "The second argument is two double quotes with nothing in between.", "\nWith str_replace, you could even have an array of strings you want to remove entirely:\n$remove[] = \"'\";\n$remove[] = '\"';\n$remove[] = \"-\"; // just as another example\n\n$FileName = str_replace( $remove, \"\", $UserInput );\n\nA:\n\nYou can substitute in HTML entitiy: \n$FileName = preg_replace(\"/'/\", \"\\&#39;\", $UserInput);\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nWhat open source CRM do you use?", "\n\nWhat open source(or not) CRM do you use ?", "\ni have come across Tactilecrm and it's kinda' great. ", "\n\nA:\n\nI've worked with Sugar some. ", " It's pretty decent, though last I saw their internal architecture was kind of a mess, and some sort of initiative to use Smarty wherever possible had made it worse. (", "I was less concerned with using it, more concerned with extending it.)", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "1/30/11\n\nThe Best Valentines Days Poem Gift...\n\nWell, first of all, it depends on how long the two of you have been together. ", "You don't want to get him something too extravagant e card if you've only been inspirational together a short time. ", "You could try giving him a nice acrostic and some balloons and maybe a cute teddy bear footprints. ", "Or if you've been together for quite some time The Best Valentines Days Poem Gift, you could give him something like jewelry (yes men like getting jewelry too, ), or a gift basket filled with all his favorite things.", "\n\nWow!! ", "Well, you guys are definitely in my thoughts and prayers. ", "It's good that you're making a conscious decision to do something about your health. ", "I wish you both well and will be here for support if you ever need it. ", "I ordered online a pair of Jordan shoes for my lover.", "I hope he will walk steadily when he advances and in the future life,everything will smoothly and everything goes well! ", "As a old saying goes:A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step .", "\n\nJust incase anyones stuck I wrote a poem,\n\nYou have my permission to use it,\n\n(Unless you're a power hungry business planning to print it in a card)\n\n1 comment:\n\nDonation Help Needed\n\nIt is aware that there is an old elderly woman needs some donation for her heart, diabetic and cancer disease expenses urgently. ", "If you are generous enough now, you can easily bank in whatever you can donate to Hong Kong Shanghai Bank(HSBC) account number 302-005848-001 under the name Fauziah Binti Nasir." ]

[ 0.007936507936507936, 0, 0, 0.009259259259259259, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005649717514124294 ]

[ "Sunday, October 25, 2015\n\nFutures-implied probability of a 2015 rate hike in the United States remains below 40%. ", "Some market participants have all but dismissed this possibility as they look at weak global growth as well as soft inflation and inflation expectations in the US. ", "Some have even suggested that the next policy move by the Fed should be a rate cut into negative territory.", "\n\nSource: St. Louis Fed\n\nHowever global growth and US inflation expectations may not necessarily the main focus at the Fed. ", "For example, numerous economists continue viewing the energy market crash as having only a transient impact in inflation. ", "The logic here is that if we freeze crude oil prices at current levels (below $45/bbl), by early 2016 the year-on-year change will be around zero.", "\n\nAnd a number of energy analysts expect crude oil prices to begin gradually rising going forward. ", "To many forecasters this would imply that crude oil price weakness will no longer have such a severe impact on the rate of inflation.", "\n\nOf course some would say that low fuel prices have not yet fully made their way through the economy - suggesting that the disinflationary pressures will persist for some time. ", "Similarly some argue that the full effects of the dollar rally in the first half of 2015 are yet to be fully felt.", "\n\nNevertheless many economists view the headline inflation approaching the core measures by early 2016, with the core CPI turning higher as well. ", "Moreover, a slew of recent US economic reports suggests that while the US economy probably slowed in the second half due to dollar strength and weakness abroad, the effect may be transient.", "\n\nThe housing market for example continues to recover and consumer sentiment and spending does not seem to be impacted by the recent market volatility.", "\n\nSource: St. Louis Fed\n\nSource: Scotiabank\n\nSource: @GallupNews\n\nSource: Deutsche Bank, @MKTWeconomics\n\nEven US manufacturing which has been under pressure recently is showing signs of stabilization. ", "The latest Markit manufacturing PMI report surprised to the upside.", "\n\nSource: Markit, Investing.com\n\nBut what about the relatively poor payrolls report for September, which clearly missed expectations? ", "Some economists argue that this is as much about slower hiring as it is about tight labor markets. ", "For example (as we saw in the latest Pulte Homes quarterly report), the homebuilding industry is struggling with acute labor shortages. ", "Of course as the Wall Street Journal recently pointed out, the US housing correction has been so severe that a whole generation of construction workers has permanently exited the industry, creating shortages as the sector recovers. ", "Nevertheless when the Fed hears about labor shortages in an industry such as housing, they take notice.", "\n\nSource: WSJ\n\nSigns of tighter labor markets have also appeared in the latest NFIB reports on small business. ", "When speaking with small businesses it becomes clear that there is no shortage of applications for each opening they have. ", "But they can't seem to find people with the right experience and/or skill set (skills gap).", "\n\nSource: NFIB\n\nMoreover, the broader unemployment measures continue to improve. ", "Here is the so-called \"U-6\" for example, which according to some economists is about 1% away from \"full employment\" (see quote).", "\n\nSource: St. Louis Fed\n\nWhatever the case, many argue that this is a precursor to acceleration in US wage growth. ", "We haven't seen a great deal of evidence of that so far, but many economists (including those at the Fed) are convinced that it's only a matter of time.", "\n\nOne of the concerns the FOMC had in September was the risk of a rapidly deteriorating economy abroad, particularly in China. ", "It has since become clear that while China's economy continues to slow, the combination of aggressive fiscal and monetary stimulus there is likely to cushion the decline.", "\n\nSource: Investing.com\n\nSome may remember that in September of 2013 in the wake of the so-called \"taper tantrum\" the Fed decided to continue with QE. ", "The central bank however started tapering three months later. ", "The \"playbook\" this time around could be similar.", "\n\nAre global markets prepared for a December liftoff? ", "It seems that while credit markets remain cautious, there is much less uncertainty priced into US equity markets. ", "A relatively strong employment report next week for example could reignite market volatility.", "\n\nSource: BAML\n\nMany argue that the US economy can withstand a rate hike at this point. ", "Indeed it can. ", "However, given that much of the world is currently in a monetary easing mode, such a move by the Fed would result in a further rally in the US dollar. ", "We saw the Bank of Canada strike a dovish tone recently, the PBoC is in the middle of a major easing cycle, the BoJ is in a perpetual QE, and the ECB is fully expected to expand its stimulus.", "\n\nA further dollar rally would exacerbate the rout in emerging markets, potentially forcing China to resume the RMB devaluation. ", "Disinflationary pressures in the US could worsen and the manufacturing sector would take another hit. ", "Nevertheless, it seems that many at the Fed are willing to overlook such an outcome and begin the first rate hike cycle in nearly a decade.", "\n\nSaturday, October 24, 2015\n\nAs a petro-currency, the Canadian dollar has fallen from parity with the USD by as much as 30% in the space of less than two years. ", "In 2009, Canada`s current account turned negative, after a long period of supporting economic growth ( Chart 1). ", "We have sustained deficits ever since, exacerbated by the collapse of the oil prices and the failure of the non-energy sectors to pick up the slack in exports. ", "The current account deficit has ranged between 2-3% of GDP, a significant loss in terms of incomes, output and jobs.", "\n\nAs the deficits persist, Canada needs to import capital to finance the trade deficit and to stabilize its currency. ", "The influence of the capital account is often over-looked in determining the fluctuations in a country`s currency, yet its role in the balance of payments can be just as significant as that of trade balances.", "\n\nThe Importance of Capital Inflows\n\nA various times in Canada's history, foreign investment has contributed to :\n\n* an appreciation in the Canadian dollar;\n\n* the lowering of domestic interest rates;\n\n* the bidding up of Canadian assets in natural resources, financial, and in real estate sectors;\n\n* the long term financing of our external public and private debt.", "\n\nIn short, the capital inflows are central to the shaping of the economy. ", "Now that the current account is in deficit, future capital flows are going to play a vital role in the mapping the path of future economic growth.", "\n\nCanada has and continues to be both a supplier ( assets) and receiver (liabilities) of capital with the rest of the world. ", "However, we continue to be in a net liability position and hence rely upon capital inflows to support our economy. ", "Chart 2 compares flows of capital in and out of the country.", "\n\nWhat makes up the Capital Account\n\nThere are three basic components of the capital account.", "\n\n* Portfolio investment. ", "This investment is usually traded in the secondary markets, such as stocks and bonds, It has expanded enormously in recent years with advancements in technology and de-regulations, allowing for more cross-border trade and a much wider choice of financial instruments ( e.g ETFs, derivatives, etc).", "\n\n* Direct Investment. ", "This form of cross -border investment results in a significant degree of control though equity ownership in the management of a Canadian company by non-residents. ", "The importance of direct investment has diminished as fewer Canadian companies have given up control to foreign entities .", "\n\n* Other investments. ", "This category includes short-term bank loans and deposits and responds to fluctuations in interest rates and domestic currency.", "\n\nRecent Developments in Capital Flows\n\nCanada has been the beneficiary of huge inflow of portfolio capital since the 2008 crisis. ", "The boom in commodity prices worldwide encouraged foreign investors to seek out resource development projects in oil, gas , and other minerals. ", "Financing for mergers and acquisitions was plentiful as Canada was viewed as a safe economic and political environment with a well- established infrastructure . ", "Chart 3 illustrates the dominance of portfolio investment , dwarfing other forms of capital inflows.", "\n\nThe influx of capital , however, had an adverse impact on our trade balance. ", "The loonie appreciated by 15% between 2009 and 2012, at one point trading above par against the USD. ", "However, the Canadian economy continued to grow, albeit modestly, as the resource sector expanded and the benefits were felt throughout the economy.", "\n\nOf special note , the rise in the value of the loonie occurred all the while Canadian mid- to long-term interest rates were below those of the US; normally, this interest rate spread would have discouraged money to flow into Canada. ", "Over this same period, for every $1 dollar of equity investment, foreigners purchased $3 in bonds. ", "The overweight in debt financing is reflective of the worldwide reduction in borrowing costs as corporate bond spreads narrowed in Europe and North America.", "\n\nAnother way to view the capital account inflow is to consider the book value of foreign investment in Canada (Chart 4). ", "Over the period 2009-2013, the book value of direct investment grew at 20% in total; the value of portfolio investments by 51% and other investments by 31%. ", "The preferred instrument for financing the current account was and continues to be through debt instruments.", "\n\nNevertheless, capital inflows into Canada are trending down. ", "International investors in energy are more attracted to opportunities in the US where costs are lower. ", "In addition, investors have a wide choice of resource developments in emerging markets. ", "In a word, Canadian assets are losing some of their prior allure, as international competition is stepped up.", "Concluding Observations\n\n1. ", "Now that the super cycle in commodities has ended with a hard landing, our trade balances will continue to be under pressure and that means the loonie will be down for the long count. ", "Furthermore, worldwide trade is slowing significantly, and Canada is a price-taker and will have adjust to lower export values and likely lower terms of trade; both working against a reversal in the value of the loonie.", "\n\n2. ", "It is no longer apparent that Canada can expect portfolio investment to support the balance of payments as it has in the past .Indeed, the trend in portfolio investment has been declining over the last five years, all the while the current account deficit has widened. ", "Canada will face competition for overseas capital from emerging markets offering similar natural resources.", "\n\n3. ", "To attract international capital, Canadian interest rates across the board would have to increase; however, any increase in domestic interest rates will have an adverse affect on the economy and will be counter productive in trying to eliminate our trade imbalances. ; ", "it is unlikely the Bank of Canada would counsel such a policy move .", "\n\n4. ", "To the extent that it will be harder to attract new overseas investment, the loonie is unlikely to move far from its current range (USD=1.25-1.35). ", "Any appreciation in the currency must come from improvements in the overall balance of payments, current and capital accounts.", "\n\nMonday, October 5, 2015\n\nCanada is no stranger in dealing with oil price collapses. ", "The sharp fall in the price of crude in 2014 is not unprecedented. ", "Over the past 30 years, there have been five major declines in the price of crude that have hit world markets ----- starting dates : June 1986, October, 1990, October 1997, May 2002 and June 2008. ", "The plunge in prices has ranged from 25% to 60%. ", "In all cases , Canada, as an oil-exporting country has had to bear the brunt of these precipitous and severe price declines, in terms of loss production, loss income and downward adjustments in its exchange rate and balance of trade.", "\n\nParallels with 1985-86\n\nThe current price collapse has significant parallels with that of 1985-86\n(see Chart 1). ", "In terms of the magnitude of the collapse, from peak to trough, prices fell by 59% in 1985-86 and by 56% in 2014-15. ", "Both periods featured similar causes:\n\n* A rapid and significant increase in supply ; 1986 featured the full expansion from new fields in the Gulf of Mexico and in the North Sea ; in 2014 the glut was caused by huge surge in production from unconventional sources such as oil shale in the U.S.\n\n* A major shift in OPEC policy . ", "In 1985, OPEC abandoned price targets and stepped up production by about 30% , the resulting low price remained in effect for nearly two decades; OPEC took a similar position in November 2014 by increasing supply and dropping prices to stem further losses in its market share; no longer will OPEC abide by price targets.", "\n\n* Worldwide a fall off in demand; in the early 1980s, the recession reduced demand and this contributed to lower oil prices. ", "Today, oil demand has been slowing steadily since 2012, especially in the larger emerging markets.", "\n\n* A steady rise in the US dollar ; a rising US$ raises the local currency cost of oil ;the effect is to weaken the demand for oil.", "\n\nOil price drops of such magnitudes result in real income shifts from oil exporters to oil importers, Oil exporters have to then contend with fiscal imbalances, a decline in oil production and new investment, weak growth and foreign exchange adjustments We now turn a review of how Canada coped with these adjustments in the mid-1980s and what lessons can we learn regarding the adjustments needed today.", "\n\nThe Effects of Falling Oil Prices.", "\n\nIn oil-exporting countries, lower oil prices trigger currency adjustments, a re-pricing of credit and sovereign debt risk, and fiscal stimulus measures. ", "Sudden price drops increase uncertainty in oil sector investment and in other goods-producing sectors. ", "In sum, throughout the economy, capital investment is reduced or delayed and overall growth is diminished. ", "Thus, both monetary and fiscal policy are called upon to support growth .", "\n\nMonetary Policy\n\nIn response to the drop in oil prices in 1985, the U.S. Federal Reserve began a series of interest rate cuts to ward off the effects of slower economic growth and disinflation. ", "Globally, economic growth slowed, especially in Japan and Europe. ", "Canada followed the US lead in slashing its discount rate (see Chart 2 ) The US rate action was more aggressive than Canada's , in large part because Canada needed to have higher interest rates in order to attract capital inflows .Canada has traditionally been a capital importing country, and with its major export sector under duress, capital imports needed to be encouraged.", "\n\nIn both countries, there was sufficient room to reduce interest rates, given that short term rates were at 10% or more prior to the collapse of oil prices. ", "This was an important buffer that allowed an orderly adjustment to the changed circumstances regarding growth, investment and the balance of payments, respectively.", "\n\nAlas, as we will discuss later, no such buffer is present in today's world.", "Fiscal Policy\n\nCanada and the US were running government deficits in response to the sharp recession of 1980-82. ", "As Chart 3 reveals, deficit financing continued in response to the oil price shock of 1985-86. ", "Canadian government deficit was 6.9% of GNP in 1985 and remained at 5% for the next three years. ", "Interestingly, the governments of the day were working with quite difference in philosophy. ", "The Liberal Government expanded its domestic programs ,while the Reagan Administration advocate smaller government; in both countries, the effects of the oil shock were tackled in the same way, namely through government deficits.", "\n\nImpact on Growth\n\nChart 4 compares the growth per capita in the US and Canada during this period. ", "Both countries were coming out of the 1980-82 recession with strong growth ; the US recorded real growth of 6.9% and Canada , 4.8% , in 1984. ", "The oil price shock hit both countries, although Canada was hit harder in 1985 when growth dropped to just 1.4%.Without the accompanying monetary and fiscal stimulus, the results would likely have been worse.", "\n\nImpact on Inflation\nThe Canadian currency took a tumble when oil prices plunged in 1985-86. ", "The loonie dropped in value from 85 cents US in 1980 to 71 cents US in 1986, when the oil prices reached their cyclical low. ", "As result, Canada was not able to take advantage of the worldwide deflationary effects . ", "The US, on the other hand, saw its inflation rate drop to a low of 1.1% in 1986.", "\n\nIs this Time Different?This is the perennial question when making comparison with the past. ", "In our case, there are two things that stand out in answering this question.", "\n\nFirst, the speed with which Canada was forced to adjust to the plunge in the price of oil price today is much faster than was the case in the mid-1980s. ", "In the 12 months from June 2014, the Canadian economy slowed dramatically, recording 6 straight months of contraction in GDP. ", "Within the sectors the goods-producing sectors contracted by 2.9% annualized; oil and gas, by 4.9%; construction, by 3.1% and manufacturing ,by 1.7%. ", "This was a swift reversal of fortunes. ", "Not unexpectedly, the balance of trade moved from a healthy surplus to a huge deficit in the first 6 months of 2015. ", "And, reflecting all this rapid change, the loonie fell 20% in the first half of this year. ", "Canada went from one of the best performers in the G-8, to one of the worst in quick fashion.", "\n\nThe IMF believes that \"if oil prices are sustained around $50-$70per barrel....investment in the oil and gas sector could swiftly drop by some 30 per cent, thus lowering overall business investment by some 10 percent.... the terms of trade deterioration would trickle through to lower incomes. ", "Overall, lower oil prices could depress real GDP by 1 per cent in 2015 and an additional 0.4 per cent in 2016\" ( IMF \" The Great Plunge in Oil Prices, March 2015)\n\nAn OECD forecast released this week, anticipates that Canada's GDP will grow at 1.1% per cent in 2015, down considerably from its June forecast of 1.5% growth. ", "Matters have deteriorated rather quickly.", "\n\nSecond, Canada does not haveadequate tools to counteract these negative effects. ", "The Bank of Canada has already cut the bank rate twice since January ,2015 ; it now stands at 0.5%, leaving very little room to cut further. ", "We are now \" pushing on a string\" with regard to monetary stimulus .", "\n\nThe only remaining weapon available to stimulate growth is adjustments in the international value of the loonie ( see http://soberlook.com/2015/09/canada-joins-currency-wars.html). ", "Now that the currency has depreciated nearly 30% over the past 2 years, the Bank of Canada has argued that the economy will return to positive growth in the latter part of the year and into 2016. ", "The jury is still on this forecast, especially in the context of currency adjustments taking place throughout Asia and Europe ,as countries jockey for a competitive advantage in a world where trade is slowing rapidly.", "\n\nTurning to fiscal policy, a recent Conference Board of Canada forecast anticipates that the Federal government alone will lose $4.3 billion in revenues from the oil patch--royalties and income tax, calling into question the prospects of a balance budget for fiscal 2015. ", "Alberta is expecting a decline in GDP of 5% which will impact heavily on provincial revenues.", "\n\nThe Conservative government has introduced a balanced budget for 2015-16 and promises to continue this policy if re-elected. ", "The NDP also promise a balanced budget. ", "Only the Liberals call for deficit financing , albeit their deficits would be relatively small in comparison to the size of the Canadian economy, and not nearly the size of those experienced in the mid- 1980s. ", "Overall, deficit spending to stimulate growth is not a top priority in Canadian politics . ", "And, with monetary policy exhausted and with fiscal policy operating with one hand tied behind its back, Canada continues to remain vulnerable to the plunge in oil prices. ", "All these developments in Canada are taking place within an environment of a global growth slow down, declining inflation and currency devaluations as Asia and Europe cope with weakness at home. ", "Thus, the outlook for a return to growth is far from promising.", "\n\n_________________________________________________________________________Sign up for our daily newsletter called the Daily Shot. ", "It's a quick graphical summary of topics covered here and on Twitter (see overview). ", "Emails are NEVER sold or otherwise shared with anyone.", "\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\nSaturday, October 3, 2015\n\nFriday's US jobs report combined with the September FOMC decision has significantly altered market expectations for the timing of the first hike by the Federal Reserve. ", "The Fed Funds futures implied probability of a 2015 liftoff has dropped below 30%.", "\n\nSource: barchart\n\nIn fact the expected trajectory of the rate hike probability has shifted in a similar fashion it did after the September FOMC meeting.", "\n\nWe see this shift in sentiment reflected in the 2-year treasury rates move on Friday.", "\n\nMarket participants are becoming uneasy about the loss of momentum in US labor markets. ", "This latest concern comes on the heels of a number of other headwinds (discussed here) that resulted in the FOMC's September inaction on rates and weaker growth projections.", "\n\nThe softness in the labor markets is not limited to the latest payrolls report, which missed economists' forecasts. ", "This year for example has been marked by downward revisions in estimates, as the Labor Department consistently overestimated job creation.", "\n\nAnother indicator that analysts have been focused on is the civilian labor force participation - which started declining again after leveling off for about a year. ", "The US now has the lowest rate of participation since 1977.", "\n\nThe loss of momentum in the labor markets seems to be broader than just the manufacturing and energy/resource sectors. ", "To be sure, the jobs situation in the United States is significantly better than in a number of major developed economies, but the improvement pace seems to have stalled.", "\n\nSource: Deutsche Bank\n\nTo make matters worse, the wage growth acceleration many economists (including the Fed) have been promising never materialized (at least not yet). ", "US wages continue increasing at around 2% per year and the concerns around wage pressures seem to have been overblown.", "\n\nGiven this latest shift in sentiment, we would like to conduct a quick survey on the timing of liftoff in the US. ", "It's a single question (below) and the results will be published here and in the Daily Shot.", "\n\nAfter the FED's decision of 17th September leaving interest rates unchanged, a great confusion has spread throughout the markets. ", "The varied opinions have oscillated from the “disappointed” who were expecting, if not a rate increase, at least clear commitments towards a steady normalization path and the “crypto-hawks”, that have been arguing that the FED was only temporarily retreating only to accelerate the hike cycle in the following months. ", "To be sure, Yellen and her spokespersons have not helped the markets to form a solid idea, by alternating contrasting declarations over just a week or more. ", "Whatever the case, a view is crystallizing in the markets: the coming rate increases will be significantly smaller. ", "This also holds true in the long term.", "\n\nBy looking retrospectively at the data, we have to admit that the “hold” decision was not unexpected at all by the markets (Figure 1).", "\n\nFigure 1.", "\n\nIn fact, the implied probabilities calculated from the Futures' Prices on FED Funds tell us that the odds of a rate hike had been stable around 30% since mid-August: the markets were expecting a dovish decision and the FED was aware of it. ", "It is interesting to analyze the main drivers of the operators' expectations, in the period July-September 2015 characterized by a frantic high volatility and a huge slip of the values on the equity side, connected with the Greek crisis (July 2015) and then with the Yuan's devaluation (August 2015).", "\n\nParadoxically, the expectations of a FED move on rates were largely unaffected from these two large regional crises at least in a direct way. ", "The stark fact is that the markets have reacted punctually only to direct FED declarations. ", "The perspective is perfectly logical: the FED is in charge to evaluate the broad macro-economic context while the markets follow closely the central bank guidance. ", "In July, (see again Figure 1) one can appreciate a sensible increase of the odds of a rate hike in correspondence with the publications of the FOMC minutes the 8th of July, where the FED was shaping a definite track for the normalization of rates within the end of the year. ", "The probabilities went up for the entire month of July, despite worsening of the Greek drama, the threats on China's slowing economy and the endless doubts about the real health of the US economy.", "\n\nThe second turning point that reversed in a decisive way the markets' expectations is the 18th of August; it’s worth noticing that during this day the FED released a discussed report in which it casts serious doubts on the effectiveness of the Quantitative Easing in boosting US GDP and inflation. ", "Notably the 12th of August the People Bank of China had decided to abandon the Yuan's peg to the Dollar, igniting therefore a massive turmoil on world equity and FX markets, but the probabilities were remaining fairly constant until the FED report was published.", "\n\nAgain, the markets have waited for the “true interpretation” - via official documents - of the developments in the macroeconomic environment to adjust their expectations about the future evolution of interest rates. ", "Other events affect short-term dynamics and boost expectations volatility but do not change the general trend “imposed” by FED guidance.", "\n\nAt the end of September, it seems that the games are done even for the FOMC October meeting (Figure 2). ", "In this case, it’s not surprising that the main shift of expectations is given by the “hold” decision of the 17th September.", "\n\nFigure 2.", "\n\nThe general consensus, reinforced by Yellen's declaration of the 25th of September that “a US rate rise is still likely this year”, is that the hike cycle should begin with the FOMC December meeting.", "\n\nNevertheless (Figure 3), the odds of a rates rising in December are generally decreasing. ", "Indeed since 17th September it appears a bit more plausible that we will have the continuation of a loose monetary stance. ", "Yellen’s statement has impacted on the numbers only to a limited extent, even if it has influenced the estimates for a few days - until the market participants have realized that no new official decisions were on the table.", "\n\nFigure 3.", "\n\nWhat’s happening on the long-term expectations? ", "Intriguingly, irrespective of the official statements and the media gossip, they are cratering at all the time horizons analyzed (Figure 4).", "\n\nFigure 4.", "\n\nIn less than two months, we can observe a reduction of 23% of the probability of a rate rise within the horizon of March 2016 and over 15% within the July horizon. ", "Moreover, one can see the first significant change of expectations during the month of August and a second shock with the decision of the 17th of September. ", "A focus on the future date of the July 2016 FOMC meeting (27th of July, 2016) confirms indeed that the August shift in long-term expectations is connected with the publication the 18th of August of the FED report on the effects of US Quantitative Easing.", "\n\nFigure 5.", "\n\nFigure 5 shows that markets estimate a more likely scenario to be a restrained interest rate increase, in the order of 25 basis points. ", "The probability of a growth of the FED target rate of more than 50 basis points even on a longer time span is losing momentum rapidly. ", "This forecast would be coherent with the framework of a slowing world economy, persistently low commodity prices and global deflation perspectives. ", "The FED should indeed weight the risk of being caught in a zero interest rate environment trap by the time the next recession hits the US economy." ]

[ 0, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01990049751243781, 0.014925373134328358, 0.007462686567164179, 0, 0.007352941176470588, 0.004310344827586207, 0.009708737864077669, 0.018018018018018018, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0.008695652173913044, 0.006578947368421052, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0.019867549668874173, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006622516556291391, 0.015706806282722512, 0, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003367003367003367, 0.043478260869565216, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003048780487804878, 0.009375, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00510204081632653, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008733624454148471, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0033783783783783786, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0, 0.014184397163120567, 0, 0.00546448087431694, 0.00510204081632653, 0, 0.003663003663003663, 0, 0, 0.025, 0, 0, 0, 0.005128205128205128, 0, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0.018518518518518517, 0.003676470588235294, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0.007575757575757576, 0.0031446540880503146, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0.0033333333333333335, 0.006944444444444444, 0.010869565217391304, 0.006097560975609756, 0.0036363636363636364, 0, 0.006666666666666667, 0.011450381679389313, 0, 0.007352941176470588, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0, 0.009950248756218905, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003937007874015748, 0, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0.00684931506849315 ]

[ "---\nabstract: |\n In this paper, we will give estimates for the logarithmic derivative $%\n \\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n \\right\\vert $ where $f$ is a meromorphic function in a region of the form $%\n D\\left( 0,R\\right) =\\left\\{ z\\in \n %TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n %BeginExpansion\n \\mathbb{C}\n %EndExpansion\n :0<\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert <R\\right\\} .$ Some applications on the growth of solutions of linear differential equations near a singular point are given.", "\naddress: |\n Laboratory of pure and applied mathematics\\\n Department of mathematics, UMAB university\\\n Algeria\nauthor:\n- Saada Hamouda\ntitle: Estimates of the logarithmic derivative near a singular point and applications\n---\n\nIntroduction and statement of results\n=====================================\n\nThroughout this paper, we assume that the reader is familiar with the fundamental results and the standard notations of the Nevanlinna value distribution theory of meromorphic function on the complex plane $%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n$ and in the unit disc $D=\\left\\{ z\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert <1\\right\\} \\ $(see [@haym; @yang; @lain]). ", "The importance of this theory has inspired many authors to find modifications and generalizations to different domains. ", "Extensions of Nevanlinna Theory to annuli have been made by [@bieb; @khri; @kond; @korh; @mark]. ", "Recently in [@fet; @hamj], Hamouda and Fettouch investigated the growth of solutions of a class of linear differential equations $$f^{\\left( k\\right) }+A_{k-1}\\left( z\\right) f^{\\left( k-1\\right)\n}+...+A_{1}\\left( z\\right) f^{\\prime }+A_{0}\\left( z\\right) f=0 \\label{eq00}$$near a singular point where the coefficients $A_{j}\\left( z\\right) \\ \\left(\nj=0,1,...,k-1\\right) $ are meromorphic or analytic in $\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ z_{0}\\right\\} $ and for that they gave estimates of the logarithmic derivative $\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) \n}{f\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert $ for a meromorphic function $f$ in $%\n\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ z_{0}\\right\\} ,\\ \\left( \\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}=%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n\\cup \\left\\{ \\infty \\right\\} \\right) $. ", "A question was asked in [@fet] as the following : can we get similar estimates of $\\left\\vert \\frac{%\nf^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert $ in a region of the form $D_{z_{0}}\\left( 0,R\\right) =\\left\\{ z\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:0<\\left\\vert z-z_{0}\\right\\vert <R\\right\\} ?", "$ Naturally, this allows us to study the solutions of (\\[eq00\\]) with meromorphic coefficients in $%\nD_{z_{0}}\\left( 0,R\\right) .$The same question was asked in [@hamj] for another problem concerning the case when the coefficients of (\\[eq00\\]) are analytic in $\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ z_{0}\\right\\} ,$ the solutions may be non analytic in $\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ z_{0}\\right\\} $. ", "In this paper, we will answer this question and give some applications. ", "Without lose of generality, we will study the case $%\nz_{0}=0$ and for $z_{0}\\neq 0$ we may use the change of variable $w=z-z_{0}$.\n\nThroughout this paper, we will use the following notation:$$D\\left( R_{1},R_{2}\\right) =\\left\\{ z\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:R_{1}<\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert <R_{2}\\right\\} ,\\ D\\left( R\\right) =\\left\\{\nz\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert <R\\right\\} .$$We recall the appropriate definitions [@fet; @korh; @mark]. ", "Suppose that $%\nf\\left( z\\right) $ is meromorphic in $\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ 0\\right\\} $. ", "Define the counting function near $0$ by$$N_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =-\\int\\limits_{\\infty }^{r}\\frac{n\\left( t,f\\right)\n-n\\left( \\infty ,f\\right) }{t}dt-n\\left( \\infty ,f\\right) \\log r, \\label{d1}$$where $n\\left( t,f\\right) $ counts the number of poles of $f\\left( z\\right) $ in the region $\\left\\{ z\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:t\\leq \\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\right\\} \\cup \\left\\{ \\infty \\right\\} $ each pole according to its multiplicity; and the proximity function by $$m_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =\\frac{1}{2\\pi }\\int\\limits_{0}^{2\\pi }\\ln\n^{+}\\left\\vert f\\left( re^{i\\varphi }\\right) \\right\\vert d\\varphi .", "\n\\label{d2}$$The characteristic function of $f$ is defined by$$T_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =m_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) +N_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) .", "\n\\label{d3}$$For a meromorphic function $f\\left( z\\right) $ in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) ,$ we define the counting function near $0$ by$$N_{0}\\left( r,R^{\\prime },f\\right) =\\int\\limits_{r}^{R^{\\prime }}\\frac{%\nn\\left( t,f\\right) }{t}dt, \\label{0d1}$$where $n\\left( t,f\\right) $ counts the number of poles of $f\\left( z\\right) $ in the region $\\left\\{ z\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:t\\leq \\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\leq R^{\\prime }\\right\\} $ $\\left(\n0<R^{\\prime }<R\\right) ,$ each pole according to its multiplicity; and the proximity function near the singular point $0$ by $$m_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =\\frac{1}{2\\pi }\\int\\limits_{0}^{2\\pi }\\ln\n^{+}\\left\\vert f\\left( re^{i\\varphi }\\right) \\right\\vert d\\varphi .", "\n\\label{0d2}$$The characteristic function of $f$ is defined in the usual manner by$$T_{0}\\left( r,R^{\\prime },f\\right) =m_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) +N_{0}\\left(\nr,R^{\\prime },f\\right) . ", " \\label{0d3}$$\n\nIn addition, the order of growth of a meromorphic function $f\\left( z\\right) \n$ near $0$ is defined by$$\\sigma _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup }\\frac{%\n\\log ^{+}T_{0}\\left( r,R^{\\prime },f\\right) }{-\\log r}. ", " \\label{d4}$$For an analytic function $f\\left( z\\right) $ in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) ,$ we have also the definition$$\\sigma _{M}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup }\\frac{%\n\\log ^{+}\\log ^{+}M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) }{-\\log r}, \\label{d5}$$where $M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =\\max \\left\\{ \\left\\vert f\\left( z\\right)\n\\right\\vert :\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert =r\\right\\} .$\n\nIf $f\\left( z\\right) $ is meromorphic in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ of finite order $0<\\sigma _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma <\\infty $, then we can define the type of $f$ as the following:$$\\tau _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup \\ }r^{\\sigma\n}T_{0}\\left( r,R^{\\prime },f\\right) .$$If $f\\left( z\\right) $ is analytic in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ of finite order $%\n0<\\sigma _{M}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma <\\infty $, we have also another definition of the type of $f$ as the following:$$\\tau _{M}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup \\ }r^{\\sigma\n}\\log ^{+}M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) . ", " \\label{d5b}$$By the usual manner, we define the iterated order near $0$ as follows:\n\n$$\\sigma _{n,T}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup }\\frac{%\n\\log _{n}^{+}T_{0}\\left( r,R^{\\prime },f\\right) }{-\\log r}, \\label{d6}$$\n\n$$\\sigma _{n,M}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup }\\frac{%\n\\log _{n+1}^{+}M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) }{-\\log r}, \\label{d7}$$\n\nwhere $\\log _{1}^{+}x=\\log ^{+}x=\\max \\left\\{ \\log x,0\\right\\} $ and $\\log\n_{n}^{+}x=\\log ^{+}\\log _{n-1}^{+}x$ for $n\\geq 2.$\n\nThe choice of $R^{\\prime }$ in (\\[d1\\]) does not have any influence in the values $\\sigma _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) $ and $\\tau _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) .$ In fact, if we take two values of $R^{\\prime },$ namely $0<R_{1}^{\\prime\n}<R_{2}^{\\prime }<R,$ then we have$$\\int\\limits_{R_{1}^{\\prime }}^{R_{2}^{\\prime }}\\frac{n\\left( t,f\\right) }{t}%\ndt=n\\log \\frac{R_{2}^{\\prime }}{R_{1}^{\\prime }},$$where $n$ designates the number of poles of $f\\left( z\\right) $ in the region $\\left\\{ z\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n:R_{1}^{\\prime }\\leq \\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\leq R_{2}^{\\prime }\\right\\} \\ $which is bounded. ", "Thus, $T_{0}\\left( r,R_{1}^{\\prime },f\\right) =T_{0}\\left(\nr,R_{2}^{\\prime },f\\right) +C$ where $C$ is real constant. ", "So, we can write briefly $T_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) $ instead of $T_{0}\\left( r,R^{\\prime\n},f\\right) .$\n\nConsider the function $f\\left( z\\right) =\\exp \\left\\{ z^{2}+\\frac{1}{z^{2}}%\n\\right\\} .$ We have $$T_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =m_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =\\frac{1}{\\pi }\\left( r^{2}+%\n\\frac{1}{r^{2}}\\right) ,$$ then $\\sigma _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) =2,\\ \\tau _{T}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\frac{1}{%\n\\pi }.$ Also we have$$M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =\\exp \\left\\{ r^{2}+\\frac{1}{r^{2}}\\right\\} ,$$ then $\\sigma _{M}\\left( f,0\\right) =2,\\ \\tau _{M}\\left( f,0\\right) =1.$\n\nThe main tool we use throughout this paper is the decomposition lemma of G. Valiron.", "\n\n\\[val\\][@val; @mark] (Valiron’s decomposition lemma) Let $f$ be meromorphic function in $D\\left( R_{1},R_{2}\\right) ,$ and set $%\nR_{1}<R^{\\prime }<R_{2}.$ Then $f$ may be represented as$$f\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) \\mu \\left( z\\right)$$wherea) The poles and zeros of $f$ in $D\\left( R_{1},R^{\\prime }\\right) $ are precisely the poles and zeros of $\\phi \\left( z\\right) .$ The poles and zeros of $f$ in $D\\left( R^{\\prime },R_{2}\\right) $ are precisely the poles and zeros of $\\mu \\left( z\\right) .$b) $\\phi \\left( z\\right) $ is meromorphic in $D\\left( R_{1},\\infty \\right) $ and analytic and nonzero in $D\\left[ R^{\\prime },\\infty \\right] .$c) $\\phi \\left( z\\right) $ satisfies$$\\left\\vert \\frac{\\phi ^{\\prime }\\left( \\xi e^{i\\theta }\\right) }{\\phi \\left(\n\\xi e^{i\\theta }\\right) }\\right\\vert =O\\left( \\frac{1}{\\xi ^{2}}\\right) ,\\\n\\xi \\rightarrow \\infty .$$d) $\\mu \\left( z\\right) $ is meromorphic in $D\\left( R\\right) $ and analytic and nonzero in $D\\left( R^{\\prime }\\right) .$e) $m\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2124} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{Z}\n%EndExpansion\n.$\n\n\\[rem1\\]Let $f$ be a non constant meromorphic function in $D\\left(\n0,R\\right) $ and $f\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) \\mu \\left(\nz\\right) $ is a Valiron’s decomposition. ", "Set $\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right)\n=z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) .$ It is easy to see that$$T_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =T_{0}\\left( r,\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) +O\\left( 1\\right) .", "\n\\label{re1}$$If $f$ be a non constant analytic function in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) ,$ then $%\n\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) $ is analytic in $D\\left( 0,\\infty \\right] $ and by [@fet] and (\\[re1\\]), we obtain that $\\sigma _{n,T}\\left(\nf,0\\right) =\\sigma _{n,M}\\left( f,0\\right) $ for $n\\geq 1.$\n\nNow, we give estimates on the logarithmic derivative of a meromorphic function in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) .$\n\n\\[th1\\]Let $f$ be meromorphic function in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ with a singular point at the origin and let $\\alpha >0$, then (i) there exists a set $E_{1}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right) \\\n\\left( 0<R^{\\prime }<R\\right) $ that has finite logarithmic measure $%\n\\int\\limits_{0}^{R^{\\prime }}\\frac{\\chi _{E_{1}^{\\ast }}\\left( t\\right) }{t}%\ndt<\\infty $ and a constant $C>0$ such that for all $r=\\left\\vert\nz\\right\\vert $ satisfying $r\\in \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right) \\backslash\nE_{1}^{\\ast }$, we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },f\\right)\n\\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha }%\n,f\\right) \\right] ^{k}\\ \\left( k\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2115} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{N}\n%EndExpansion\n\\right) ; \\label{l3}$$(ii) there exists a set $E_{2}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) $ that has a linear measure zero such that for all $\\theta \\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi\n\\right) \\backslash E_{2}^{\\ast }$ there exists a constant $r_{0}=r_{0}\\left(\n\\theta \\right) >0$ such that(\\[l3\\]) holds for all $z$ satisfying $\\arg\nz\\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) \\backslash E_{2}^{\\ast }$ and $r=\\left\\vert\nz\\right\\vert <r_{0}$.\n\nThe following two corollaries are consequences of Theorem \\[th1\\] and have independent interest.", "\n\n\\[coro1\\]Let $f$ be a non constant meromorphic function in $D\\left(\n0,R\\right) $ with a singular point at the origin of finite order $\\sigma\n\\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma <\\infty $; let $\\varepsilon >0$ be a given constant. ", "Then the following two statements hold.i) There exists a set $E_{1}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right) $ that has finite logarithmic measure $\\int\\limits_{0}^{R^{\\prime }}\\frac{\\chi\n_{E_{1}^{\\ast }}\\left( t\\right) }{t}dt<\\infty $ such that for all $%\nr=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert $ satisfying $r\\in \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right)\n\\backslash E_{1}^{\\ast }$, we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq \\frac{1}{r^{k\\left( \\sigma +1+\\varepsilon \\right) }},\\\n\\left( k\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2115} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{N}\n%EndExpansion\n\\right) . ", " \\label{l7}$$ii) There exists a set $E_{2}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) $ that has a linear measure zero such that for all $\\theta \\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi\n\\right) \\backslash E_{2}^{\\ast }$ there exists a constant $r_{0}=r_{0}\\left(\n\\theta \\right) >0$ such that for all $z$ satisfying $\\arg \\left( z\\right)\n\\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) \\backslash E_{2}^{\\ast }$ and $r=\\left\\vert\nz\\right\\vert <r_{0}$ the inequality (\\[l7\\]) holds.", "\n\n\\[coro2\\]Let $f$ be a non constant meromorphic function in $D\\left(\n0,R\\right) $ with a singular point at the origin of finite iterated order $%\n\\sigma _{n}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma <\\infty \\ \\left( n\\geq 2\\right) $; let $%\n\\varepsilon >0$ be a given constant. ", "Then the following two statements hold.i) There exists a set $E_{1}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right) $ that has finite logarithmic measure $\\int\\limits_{0}^{R^{\\prime }}\\frac{\\chi\n_{E_{1}^{\\ast }}\\left( t\\right) }{t}dt<\\infty $ such that for all $%\nr=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert $ satisfying $r\\in \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right)\n\\backslash E_{1}^{\\ast }$, we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq \\exp _{n-1}\\left\\{ \\frac{1}{r^{\\sigma +\\varepsilon }}%\n\\right\\} ,\\ \\left( k\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2115} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{N}\n%EndExpansion\n\\right) .$$ii) There exists a set $E_{2}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) $ that has a linear measure zero such that for all $\\theta \\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi\n\\right) \\backslash E_{2}^{\\ast }$ there exists a constant $r_{0}=r_{0}\\left(\n\\theta \\right) >0$ such that for all $z$ satisfying $\\arg \\left( z\\right)\n\\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) \\backslash E_{2}^{\\ast }$ and $r=\\left\\vert\nz\\right\\vert <r_{0}$ the inequality (\\[l7\\]) holds.", "\n\nAs applications of Theorem \\[th1\\], we have the following results.", "\n\n\\[th2b\\]Let $A_{0}\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0,A_{1}\\left( z\\right)\n,...,A_{k-1}\\left( z\\right) $ be analytic functions in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $. ", "All solutions $f$ of $$f^{\\left( k\\right) }+A_{k-1}\\left( z\\right) f^{\\left( k-1\\right)\n}+...+A_{1}\\left( z\\right) f^{\\prime }+A_{0}\\left( z\\right) f=0 \\label{eq3}$$satisfy $\\sigma _{n+1}\\left( f,0\\right) \\leq \\alpha $ if and only if $\\sigma\n_{n}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) \\leq \\alpha $ for all $\\left( j=0,1,...,k-1\\right) \n$, where $n$ is a positive integer. ", "Moreover, if $q\\in \\left\\{\n0,1,...,k-1\\right\\} $ is the largest index for which $\\sigma _{n}\\left(\nA_{q},0\\right) =\\underset{0\\leq j\\leq k-1}{\\max }\\left\\{ \\sigma _{n}\\left(\nA_{j},0\\right) \\right\\} $ then there are at least $k-q$ linearly independent solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]) such that $\\sigma _{n+1}\\left( f,0\\right)\n=\\sigma _{n}\\left( A_{q},0\\right) .$\n\nSimilar result to Theorem \\[th2b\\] in the unit disc has been given by \\[Theorem 1.1\\][heit]{}.", "\n\n\\[cor1\\]Let $A_{0}\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0,A_{1}\\left( z\\right)\n,...,A_{k-1}\\left( z\\right) $ be analytic functions in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ satisfying $\\sigma _{n}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) <\\sigma _{n}\\left(\nA_{0},0\\right) <\\infty \\ \\left( j=1,...,k-1\\right) .$ Then, every solution $%\nf\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ of (\\[eq3\\]) satisfies $\\sigma _{n+1}\\left(\nf,0\\right) =\\sigma _{n}\\left( A_{0},0\\right) .$\n\nLet $b\\neq 0$ be complex constants and $n$ be a positive integer. ", "Let $%\nA\\left( z\\right) ,B\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ be analytic functions in $%\nD\\left( 0,R\\right) $ with $\\max \\left\\{ \\sigma \\left( A,0\\right) ,\\sigma\n\\left( B,0\\right) \\right\\} <n.$ Then, every solution $f\\left( z\\right)\n\\not\\equiv 0$ of the differential equation$$f^{\\prime \\prime }+A\\left( z\\right) f^{\\prime }+B\\left( z\\right) \\exp\n\\left\\{ \\frac{b}{z^{n}}\\right\\} f=0, \\label{eqc}$$satisfies $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f,0\\right) =n.$\n\nEvery solution $f\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ of the differential equation$$f^{\\prime \\prime }+\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{\\left( 1-z\\right) ^{m}}\\right\\}\nf^{\\prime }+\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{z^{n}}\\right\\} f=0, \\label{eqe}$$satisfies $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f,0\\right) =n,$ where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers.", "\n\nSimilar equations to (\\[eqc\\]) and (\\[eqe\\]) with analytic coefficients in the unit disc are investigated in [ham12]{}.", "\n\nNow, we will study the case when $\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right) =\\sigma\n\\left( A_{0},0\\right) $ for some $j\\neq 0.$\n\n\\[th2\\]Let $A_{0}\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0,A_{1}\\left( z\\right)\n,...,A_{k-1}\\left( z\\right) $ be analytic functions in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ satisfying $0<\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right) \\leq \\sigma \\left( A_{0},0\\right)\n<\\infty $ and $$\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{M}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) :\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right)\n=\\sigma \\left( A_{0},0\\right) \\right\\} <\\tau _{M}\\left( A_{0},0\\right) \\\n\\left( j=1,...,k-1\\right) .$$Then, every solution $f\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ of (\\[eq3\\]) satisfies $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma \\left( A_{0},0\\right) .$\n\nThe analogous of this result in the complex plane and in the unit disc are investigated in [tu, ham]{}.", "\n\n\\[th3\\]Let $a,b\\neq 0$ be complex constants such that $\\arg a\\neq \\arg b$ or $a=cb$ $\\left( 0<c<1\\right) $ and $n$ be a positive integer. ", "Let $A\\left(\nz\\right) ,B\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ be analytic functions in $D\\left(\n0,R\\right) $ with $\\max \\left\\{ \\sigma \\left( A,0\\right) ,\\sigma \\left(\nB,0\\right) \\right\\} <n.$ Then, every solution $f\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ of the differential equation$$f^{\\prime \\prime }+A\\left( z\\right) \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{a}{z^{n}}\\right\\}\nf^{\\prime }+B\\left( z\\right) \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{b}{z^{n}}\\right\\} f=0,\n\\label{eq4}$$satisfies $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f,0\\right) =n.$\n\nSimilar results to Theorem \\[th3\\] are established in different situations in [@chen1; @ham12; @fet].", "\n\nBy Theorem \\[th3\\], every solution $f\\left( z\\right) \\not\\equiv 0$ of the differential equation$$f^{\\prime \\prime }+\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{i}{z\\left( z+1\\right) }\\right\\}\nf^{\\prime }+\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{z\\left( z-1\\right) ^{2}}\\right\\} f=0,$$satisfies $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f,0\\right) =1$ and $\\sigma _{2}\\left(\nf,1\\right) =2.$\n\nPreliminaries lemmas\n====================\n\nTo prove these results we need the following lemmas.", "\n\n\\[lem1\\][@gund] Let $g$ be a transcendental meromorphic function in $%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n$, and let $\\alpha >0$ $\\varepsilon >0$ be given real constants; theni) there exists a set $E_{1}\\subset \\left( 1,\\infty \\right) $ that has a finite logarithmic measure and a constant $c>0$ that depends only on $\\alpha \n$ such that for all $R=\\left\\vert w\\right\\vert $ satisfying $R\\notin \\left[\n0,1\\right) \\cup E_{1}$, we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{g^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left( w\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq c\\left[ T\\left( \\alpha R,g\\right) \\frac{\\log ^{\\alpha\n}\\left( R\\right) }{R}\\log T\\left( \\alpha R,g\\right) \\right] ^{k}; \\label{l1}$$ii) there exists a set $E_{2}\\subset \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) $ that has a linear measure zero such that for all $\\theta \\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right)\n\\backslash E_{2}$ there exists a constant $R_{0}=R_{0}\\left( \\theta \\right)\n>0$ such that (\\[l1\\]) holds for all $z$ satisfying $\\arg z\\in \\left[\n0,2\\pi \\right) \\backslash E_{2}$ and $r=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert >R_{0}.$\n\n\\[lem2\\][@fet] Let $\\phi $ be a non constant meromorphic function in $D\\left( 0,\\infty \\right] $ and set $g\\left( w\\right) =\\phi \\left( \\frac{1}{w%\n}\\right) $. ", "Then, $g\\left( w\\right) $ is meromorphic in $%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n$ and we have$$T\\left( \\frac{1}{r},g\\right) =T_{0}\\left( r,\\phi \\right) ,$$and so $\\sigma \\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma \\left( g\\right) .$\n\n\\[lem5\\]Let $f$ be a non constant analytic function in $D\\left(\n0,R\\right) $ of finite order $\\sigma \\left( f,0\\right) =\\sigma >0$ and a finite type $\\tau \\left( f,0\\right) =\\tau >0$. Then, for any given $0<\\beta\n<\\tau $ there exists a set $F\\subset \\left( 0,1\\right) $ of infinite logarithmic measure such that for all $r\\in F$ we have$$\\log M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) >\\frac{\\beta }{r^{\\sigma }},$$where $M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) =\\max \\left\\{ \\left\\vert f\\left( z\\right)\n\\right\\vert :\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert =r\\right\\} .$\n\nBy the definition of $\\tau \\left( f,0\\right) ,$ there exists a decreasing sequence $\\left\\{ r_{m}\\right\\} \\rightarrow 0$ satisfying $\\frac{m}{m+1}%\nr_{m}>r_{m+1}$ and$$\\underset{m\\rightarrow \\infty }{\\lim }r_{m}^{\\sigma }\\log M_{0}\\left(\nr_{m},f\\right) =\\tau .$$Then, there exists $m_{0}$ such that for all $m>m_{0}$ and for a given $%\n\\varepsilon >0$, we have$$\\log M_{0}\\left( r_{m},f\\right) >\\frac{\\tau -\\varepsilon }{r_{m}^{\\sigma }}.", "\n\\label{l8}$$There exists $m_{1}$ such that for all $m>m_{1}$ and for a given $%\n0<\\varepsilon <\\tau -\\beta $, we have$$\\left( \\frac{m}{m+1}\\right) ^{\\sigma }>\\frac{\\beta }{\\tau -\\varepsilon }\n\\label{9}$$By (\\[l8\\]) and (\\[9\\]), for all $m>m_{2}=\\max \\left\\{\nm_{0},m_{1}\\right\\} $ and for any $r\\in \\left[ \\frac{m}{m+1}r_{m},r_{m}%\n\\right] $, we have$$\\log M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) >\\log M_{0}\\left( r_{m},f\\right) >\\frac{\\tau\n-\\varepsilon }{r_{m}^{\\sigma }}>\\frac{\\tau -\\varepsilon }{r^{\\sigma }}\\left( \n\\frac{m}{m+1}\\right) ^{\\sigma }>\\frac{\\beta }{r^{\\sigma }}.$$Set $F=\\bigcup\\limits_{m=m_{2}}^{\\infty }\\left[ \\frac{m}{m+1}r_{m},r_{m}%\n\\right] ;$ then we have$$\\sum\\limits_{m=m_{2}}^{\\infty }\\int\\limits_{\\frac{m}{m+1}r_{m}}^{r_{m}}\\frac{%\ndt}{t}=\\sum\\limits_{m>m_{2}}\\log \\frac{m+1}{m}=\\infty .$$\n\nBy the same method of the proof of Lemma \\[lem5\\], we can prove the following lemma.", "\n\n\\[lem6\\]Let $f$ be a non constant analytic function in $D\\left(\n0,R\\right) $ of order $\\sigma \\left( f,0\\right) >\\alpha >0$. Then there exists a set $F\\subset \\left( 0,1\\right) $ of infinite logarithmic measure such that for all $r\\in F$ we have$$\\log M_{0}\\left( r,f\\right) >\\frac{1}{r^{\\alpha }}.$$\n\n\\[lem6b\\][@hamj Theorem 8] Let $f$ be non constant analytic function in $\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ z_{0}\\right\\} .$ Then, there exists a set $E\\subset \\left(\n0,1\\right) $ that has finite logarithmic measure, that is $%\n\\int\\limits_{0}^{1}\\frac{\\chi _{E}}{t}dt<\\infty ,$ such that for all $%\nj=0,1,...,k,$ we have$$\\frac{f^{\\left( j\\right) }\\left( z_{r}\\right) }{f\\left( z_{r}\\right) }%\n=\\left( 1+o\\left( 1\\right) \\right) \\left( \\frac{V_{z_{0}}\\left( r\\right) }{%\nz_{r}-z_{0}}\\right) ^{j},$$as $r\\rightarrow 0,\\ r\\notin E,$ where $V_{z_{0}}\\left( r\\right) $ is the central index of $f$ and $z_{r}$ is a point in the circle $\\left\\vert\nz_{0}-z\\right\\vert =r$ that satisfies $\\left\\vert f\\left( z_{r}\\right)\n\\right\\vert =\\underset{\\left\\vert z_{0}-z\\right\\vert =r}{\\max }\\left\\vert\nf\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert .$\n\n\\[lem7b\\]Let $f$ be a non constant analytic function in $\\overline{%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n}-\\left\\{ z_{0}\\right\\} $ of iterated order $\\sigma _{n}\\left(\nf,z_{0}\\right) =\\sigma \\ \\left( n\\geq 2\\right) $, and let $V_{z_{0}}\\left(\nr\\right) $ be the central index of $f.$ Then$$\\underset{r\\rightarrow 0}{\\lim \\sup }\\frac{\\log _{n}^{+}V_{z_{0}}\\left(\nr\\right) }{-\\log r}=\\sigma . ", " \\label{700}$$\n\nSet $g\\left( w\\right) =f\\left( z_{0}-\\frac{1}{w}\\right) .$ Then $g\\left(\nw\\right) $ is entire function of iterated order $\\sigma _{n}\\left( g\\right)\n=\\sigma _{n}\\left( f,z_{0}\\right) =\\sigma $, and if $V\\left( R\\right) $ denotes the central index of $g,$ then $V_{z_{0}}\\left( r\\right) =V\\left(\nR\\right) $ with $R=\\frac{1}{r}.$ From [@chen3 Lemma 2], we have $$\\underset{R\\rightarrow +\\infty }{\\lim \\sup }\\frac{\\log _{n}^{+}V\\left(\nR\\right) }{\\log R}=\\sigma . ", " \\label{710}$$Substituting $\\ R$ by $\\frac{1}{r}$ in (\\[710\\]), we get (\\[700\\]).", "\n\n\\[lem7\\]Let $A_{j}\\left( z\\right) \\ \\left( j=0,...,k-1\\right) $ be analytic functions in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ such that $0$ is a singular point for at least one of the coefficients $A_{j}\\left( z\\right) $ and $%\n\\sigma _{n}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) \\leq \\alpha <\\infty $. ", "If $f$ is a solution of the differential equation $$f^{\\left( k\\right) }+A_{k-1}\\left( z\\right) f^{\\left( k-1\\right)\n}+...+A_{1}\\left( z\\right) f^{\\prime }+A_{0}\\left( z\\right) f=0, \\label{80}$$then $\\sigma _{n+1}\\left( f,0\\right) \\leq \\alpha .$\n\nLet $f\\not\\equiv 0$ be a solution of (\\[80\\]). ", "It is clear that $f$ is analytic in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) .$ Let $f\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left(\nz\\right) \\mu \\left( z\\right) $ be a Valiron’s decomposition and set $\\tilde{%\n\\phi}\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) .$ By Valiron’s decomposition lemma and since $f\\left( z\\right) $ is analytic function in $%\nD\\left( 0,R\\right) $, $\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) $ is analytic in $D\\left(\n0,\\infty \\right] .$ By Lemma \\[lem6b\\], there exists a set $E\\subset\n\\left( 0,1\\right) $ that has finite logarithmic measure, such that for all $%\nj=0,1,...,k,$ we have$$\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\left( j\\right) }\\left( z_{r}\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}%\n\\left( z_{r}\\right) }=\\left( 1+o\\left( 1\\right) \\right) \\left( \\frac{%\nV_{0}\\left( r\\right) }{z_{r}}\\right) ^{j}, \\label{70}$$as $r\\rightarrow 0,\\ r\\notin E,$ where $V_{0}\\left( r\\right) $ is the central index of $f$ near the singular point $0,$ $z_{r}$ is a point in the circle $\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert =r$ that satisfies $\\left\\vert f\\left(\nz_{r}\\right) \\right\\vert =\\underset{\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert =r}{\\max }%\n\\left\\vert f\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert .$ Since $\\mu \\left( z\\right) $ is analytic and non zero in $D\\left( R^{\\prime }\\right) ,$ we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{\\mu ^{\\left( j\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left(\nz\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq M,\\ \\left( j\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2115} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{N}\n%EndExpansion\n\\right) . ", " \\label{71}$$Set $M_{0}\\left( r\\right) =\\underset{\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert =r}{\\max }%\n\\left\\{ \\left\\vert A_{j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert :j=0,1,...,k-1\\right\\} .$ From (\\[80\\]), we can write$$\\frac{f^{(k)}}{f}+A_{k-1}(z)\\frac{f^{(k-1)}}{f}+\\dots +A_{1}(z)\\frac{%\nf^{\\prime }}{f}+A_{0}(z)=0. ", " \\label{72}$$We have $f\\left( z\\right) =\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) \\mu \\left( z\\right) $, and then$$\\frac{f^{\\left( j\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n=\\sum\\limits_{i=0}^{i=j}C_{j}^{i}\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\left( j-i\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) }\\frac{\\mu ^{\\left( i\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left( z\\right) },\\ j=1,...,k, \\label{73}$$where $C_{k}^{j}=\\frac{k!}{j!\\left( k-j\\right) !}", "$ is the binomial coefficient. ", "By combining (\\[70\\]), (\\[71\\]) and (\\[73\\]) in (\\[72\\]), we get$$\\left( V_{0}\\left( r\\right) \\right) ^{k}\\leq Cr^{k}\\left( V_{0}\\left(\nr\\right) \\right) ^{k-1}M_{0}\\left( r\\right) ;$$where $r$ near enough to $0$ and $C>0,$ and then$$V_{0}\\left( r\\right) \\leq Cr^{k}M_{0}\\left( r\\right) . ", " \\label{74}$$By (\\[74\\]), we obtain $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f,0\\right) \\leq \\alpha .$\n\n\\[lem8\\]Let $A\\left( z\\right) $ be a non constant analytic function in $%\nD\\left( 0,R\\right) $ with $\\sigma \\left( A,0\\right) <n.$ and let $g\\left(\nz\\right) =A\\left( z\\right) \\exp \\left\\{ \\dfrac{a}{z^{n}}\\right\\} ,\\ $($n\\geq\n1\\ $is an integer) $,a=\\alpha +i\\beta \\neq 0,\\ z=re^{i\\varphi },\\ \\delta\n_{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) =\\alpha \\cos \\left( n\\varphi \\right) +\\beta \\sin\n\\left( n\\varphi \\right) ,$ and $H=\\left\\{ \\varphi \\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right)\n:\\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) =0\\right\\} ,\\ $(obviously, $H$ is of linear measure zero). ", "Then for any* given* $\\varepsilon >0$ and for any* *$\\varphi \\in \\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) \\backslash H,$*there exists* $r_{0}>0$* such that* $0<r<r_{0},$* *we have(i) *If* $\\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) >0,$* then*$$\\exp \\left\\{ \\left( 1-\\varepsilon \\right) \\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) \n\\frac{1}{r^{n}}\\right\\} \\leq \\left\\vert g\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq\n\\exp \\left\\{ \\left( 1+\\varepsilon \\right) \\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) \n\\frac{1}{r^{n}}\\right\\} , \\label{e1}$$(ii)* If* $\\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) <0,$* then*$$\\exp \\left\\{ \\left( 1+\\varepsilon \\right) \\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) \n\\frac{1}{r^{n}}\\right\\} \\leq \\left\\vert g\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq\n\\exp \\left\\{ \\left( 1-\\varepsilon \\right) \\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) \n\\frac{1}{r^{n}}\\right\\} . ", " \\label{e2}$$\n\nLet $A\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) \\mu \\left( z\\right) $ be a Valiron’s decomposition and set $\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi\n\\left( z\\right) .$ By Valiron’s decomposition lemma and since $A\\left(\nz\\right) $ is analytic function in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $, $\\tilde{\\phi}%\n\\left( z\\right) $ is analytic in $D\\left( 0,\\infty \\right] .$ By Remark [rem1]{}, $\\sigma \\left( \\tilde{\\phi},0\\right) =\\sigma \\left( A,0\\right) <n.$ Since $\\mu \\left( z\\right) $ analytic and nonzero in $D\\left( R^{\\prime\n}\\right) ,$ we have$$0<c_{1}\\leq \\left\\vert \\mu \\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq c_{2}\\text{ as }r%\n\\text{ is near enough to }0. ", " \\label{e3}$$By applying [@fet Lemma 2.9] for $\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) $, and (\\[e3\\]), we get (\\[e1\\]) and (\\[e2\\]).", "\n\nNow, we give the standard order reduction procedure of linear differential equations which is an adaptation of [@4 Lemma 6.4].", "\n\n\\[lem11\\]Let $f_{0,1},f_{0,2},...,f_{0,m}$ be $m\\ \\left( m\\geq 2\\right) $ linearly independent meromorphic (in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $) solutions of an equation of the form$$y^{\\left( k\\right) }+A_{0,k-1}\\left( z\\right) y^{\\left( k-1\\right)\n}+...+A_{0,0}\\left( z\\right) y=0,\\ k\\geq m, \\label{5.3}$$where $A_{0,0}\\left( z\\right) ,...,A_{0,k-1}\\left( z\\right) $ are meromorphic functions in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) .$ For $1\\leq q\\leq m-1,$ set$$f_{q,j}=\\left( \\frac{f_{q-1,j+1}}{f_{q-1,1}}\\right) ^{\\prime },\\\nj=1,2,...,m-q. \\label{5.4}$$Then, $f_{q,1},f_{q,2},...,f_{q,m-q}$ are $m-q$ linearly independent meromorphic (in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $) solutions of the equation$$y^{\\left( k-q\\right) }+A_{q,k-q-1}\\left( z\\right) y^{\\left( k-q-1\\right)\n}+...+A_{q,0}\\left( z\\right) y=0, \\label{5.5}$$where$$A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) =\\sum\\limits_{i=j+1}^{k-q-1}\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\ni \\\\ \nj+1%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right) A_{q-1,j}\\left( z\\right) \\frac{f_{q-1,1}^{\\left( i-j-1\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{f_{q-1,1}\\left( z\\right) } \\label{5.6}$$for $j=0,1,...,k-q-1.$ Here we set $A_{i,k-i}\\left( z\\right) \\equiv 1$ for all $i=0,1,...,q.$ Moreover, let $\\varepsilon >0$ and suppose for each $j\\in \\left\\{\n0,1,...,k-1\\right\\} $, there exists a real number $\\alpha _{j}$ such that$$\\left\\vert A_{0,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\alpha _{j}+\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\ r=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\notin E.\n\\label{5.7}$$Suppose further that each $f_{0,j}$ is of finite hyper-order $\\sigma\n_{2}\\left( f_{0,j},0\\right) .$ Set $\\beta =\\underset{1\\leq j\\leq m}{\\max }%\n\\left\\{ \\sigma _{2}\\left( f_{0,j},0\\right) \\right\\} $ and $\\tau _{p}=%\n\\underset{p\\leq j\\leq k-1}{\\max }\\left\\{ \\alpha _{j}\\right\\} $. ", "Then for any given $\\varepsilon >0,$ we have$$\\left\\vert A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{q+j},\\beta \\right\\} +\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\\nr=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\notin E, \\label{5.8}$$for $j=0,1,...,k-q-1.$\n\nBy [@4 Lemma 6.2 and Lemma 6.3], we obtain (\\[5.5\\]) and (\\[5.6\\]). ", "Therefore, we need only to prove (\\[5.8\\]). ", "For this proof, we use induction on $q.$ First suppose that $q=1$. Then, from (\\[5.6\\]) we get$$A_{1,j}\\left( z\\right) =\\sum\\limits_{i=j+1}^{k}\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\ni \\\\ \nj+1%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right) A_{0,i}\\left( z\\right) \\frac{f_{0,1}^{\\left( i-j-1\\right) }\\left(\nz\\right) }{f_{0,1}\\left( z\\right) },\\ j=0,1,...,k-2. ", " \\label{5.10}$$Since $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f_{0,j},0\\right) \\leq \\beta ,$ by Theorem \\[th1\\], we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f_{0,1}^{\\left( i-j-1\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{%\nf_{0,1}\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{r^{\\beta\n+\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\ r=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\notin E. \\label{5.10b}$$It follows from (\\[5.7\\]) and (\\[5.10\\]) that (\\[5.8\\]) holds for $q=1$. For the induction step, we make the assumption that (\\[5.8\\]) holds for $%\nq-1$; i.e.$$\\left\\vert A_{q-1,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{q-1+j},\\beta \\right\\} +\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\\nr\\notin E, \\label{5.11}$$for $j=1,2,...,k-q-1;$ and we show that (\\[5.8\\]) holds for $q$. From ([5.6]{}) we get$$A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) =\\sum\\limits_{i=j+1}^{k-q-1}\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\ni \\\\ \nj+1%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right) A_{q-1,j}\\left( z\\right) \\frac{f_{q-1,1}^{\\left( i-j-1\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{f_{q-1,1}\\left( z\\right) }. ", " \\label{5.13}$$Since $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f_{0,j},0\\right) $ and by elementary order considerations we get $\\sigma _{2}\\left( f_{q-1,1},0\\right) \\leq \\beta ,$ and by Theorem \\[th1\\], we obtain$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f_{q-1,1}^{\\left( i-j-1\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{%\nf_{q-1,1}\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{r^{\\beta\n+\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\ r=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\notin E. \\label{5.13b}$$From (\\[5.11\\])-(\\[5.13b\\]), we get$$\\left\\vert A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{q+j},\\beta \\right\\} +\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\\nr\\notin E. \\label{5.14}$$This proves the induction step, and therefore completes the proof of Lemma \\[lem11\\].", "\n\n\\[lem12\\]Under the assumptions of Lemma \\[lem11\\], we have$$A_{q,0}=A_{0,q}+G_{q}\\left( z\\right) , \\label{5.19}$$where $G_{q}\\left( z\\right) =\\sum\\limits_{j=2}^{q+1}H_{j}$ with $$H_{j}=\\sum\\limits_{i=j}^{k-q+j-1}\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\ni \\\\ \nj-1%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right) A_{q-j+1,i}\\left( z\\right) \\frac{f_{q-j+1,1}^{\\left( i-j+1\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{f_{q-j+1,1}\\left( z\\right) }. ", " \\label{5.19b}$$Moreover, $G_{q}\\left( z\\right) $ satisfies$$\\left\\vert G_{q}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{q+1},\\beta \\right\\} +\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\\nr=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert \\notin E. \\label{5.20}$$\n\n(\\[5.19\\]) and (\\[5.19b\\]) are the same in [@4 Lemma 6.5]. ", "So, we need only to prove (\\[5.20\\]). ", "We have$$\\left\\vert G_{q}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq\n\\sum\\limits_{j=2}^{q+1}\\sum\\limits_{i=j}^{k-q+j-1}\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\ni \\\\ \nj-1%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right) \\left\\vert A_{q-j+1,i}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\left\\vert \\frac{%\nf_{q-j+1,1}^{\\left( i-j+1\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f_{q-j+1,1}\\left(\nz\\right) }\\right\\vert .$$\n\nBy applying (\\[5.8\\]) for the coefficients $\\left\\vert A_{q-j+1,i}\\left(\nz\\right) \\right\\vert $ and Theorem \\[th1\\] for the logarithmic derivatives $\\left\\vert \\frac{f_{q-j+1,1}^{\\left( i-j+1\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{%\nf_{q-j+1,1}\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert $ by taking account that $\\sigma\n_{2}\\left( f_{q-j+1,1},0\\right) \\leq \\beta ,$ we obtain (\\[5.20\\]).", "\n\nProof of theorems\n=================\n\nSuppose that $f$ is meromorphic function in $D\\left( 0,R\\right) $ with a singular point at the origin. ", "By Valiron’s decomposition lemma we have $$f\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) \\mu \\left( z\\right) \\label{s1}$$wherea) The poles and zeros of $f$ in $D\\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right) $ are precisely the poles and zeros of $\\phi \\left( z\\right) .$ The poles and zeros of $f$ in $D\\left( R^{\\prime },R\\right) $ are precisely the poles and zeros of $\\mu \\left( z\\right) .$b) $\\phi \\left( z\\right) $ is meromorphic in $D\\left( 0,\\infty \\right] $and analytic and nonzero in $D\\left[ R^{\\prime },\\infty \\right] .$c) $\\mu \\left( z\\right) $ is meromorphic in $D\\left( R\\right) $ and analytic and nonzero in $D\\left( R^{\\prime }\\right) .$Set $\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) =z^{m}\\phi \\left( z\\right) .$ we have$$\\frac{f^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }=\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}%\n^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) }+\\frac{\\mu ^{\\prime\n}\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left( z\\right) };$$and thus$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert\n\\leq \\left\\vert \\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}%\n\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert +\\left\\vert \\frac{\\mu ^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) \n}{\\mu \\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert . ", " \\label{l5a}$$Since $\\mu \\left( z\\right) $ is analytic and non zero in $D\\left( R^{\\prime\n}\\right) ,$ we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{\\mu ^{\\left( j\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left(\nz\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq M,\\ \\left( j\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2115} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{N}\n%EndExpansion\n\\right) . ", " \\label{l5b}$$Set $g\\left( w\\right) =\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( \\frac{1}{w}\\right) $. ", "Since $\\phi\n\\left( z\\right) $ satisfy b), $g\\left( w\\right) $ is meromorphic in $%\n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2102} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{C}\n%EndExpansion\n$. ", "We have $\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) =g\\left( w\\right) $ such that $w=%\n\\frac{1}{z};$ then $\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) =\\frac{-1}{z^{2}}%\ng^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) $ and then $$\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) }=%\n\\frac{-1}{z^{2}}\\frac{g^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left( w\\right) }.", "\n\\label{l5}$$By Lemma \\[lem1\\], there exists a set $E_{1}\\subset \\left( 1,\\infty\n\\right) $ that has a finite logarithmic measure such that for all $%\n\\left\\vert w\\right\\vert =\\frac{1}{\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert }=\\frac{1}{r}$ satisfying $\\frac{1}{r}\\notin \\left[ 0,1\\right) \\cup E_{1}$, we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{g^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left( w\\right) }\\right\\vert\n\\leq C\\left[ T\\left( \\frac{\\alpha }{r},g\\right) r\\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{%\n1}{r}\\right) \\log T\\left( \\frac{\\alpha }{r},g\\right) \\right] ,\\ \\frac{1}{r}%\n\\notin E_{1},$$and by Lemma \\[lem2\\] and (\\[l5\\]), we get$$\\left\\vert \\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left(\nz\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },%\n\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) \\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log\nT_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) \\right] ,\\ r\\notin\nE_{1}^{\\ast }; \\label{l5c}$$where $\\frac{1}{r}=R\\notin E_{1}\\Leftrightarrow r\\notin E_{1}^{\\ast }$ and $%\n\\int\\limits_{0}^{r_{0}}\\frac{\\chi _{E_{1}^{\\ast }}}{t}dt=\\int%\n\\limits_{1/r_{0}}^{\\infty }\\frac{\\chi _{E_{1}}}{T}dT<\\infty ,$ (the constant $C>0$ is not the same at each occurrence). ", "Combining (\\[l5a\\])-(\\[l5b\\]) with (\\[l5c\\]) and by taking account Remark \\[rem1\\], we get$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert\n\\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },f\\right) \\log ^{\\alpha\n}\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },f\\right) %\n\\right] ,\\ r\\notin E_{1}^{\\ast }.$$\n\nWe have $\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) =\\frac{1}{z^{4}}%\ng^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( w\\right) +\\frac{2}{z^{3}}g^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) \n$; and so$$\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left(\nz\\right) }=\\frac{1}{z^{4}}\\frac{g^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left(\nw\\right) }+\\frac{2}{z^{3}}\\frac{g^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left(\nw\\right) }.$$and by Lemma \\[lem1\\] and Lemma \\[lem2\\], we obtain$$\\left\\vert \\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}%\n\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{%\n\\alpha },\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) \\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log\nT_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) \\right] ^{2}\\ r\\notin\nE_{1}^{\\ast }. ", " \\label{ll1}$$We have$$\\frac{f^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }=\\frac{\\tilde{%\n\\phi}^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) }+\\frac{%\n\\mu ^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left( z\\right) }+2\\frac{\\tilde{%\n\\phi}^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) }\\frac{\\mu\n^{\\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left( z\\right) }. ", " \\label{l5d}$$Combining (\\[ll1\\])-(\\[l5d\\]) with (\\[l5b\\]) and by Remark \\[rem1\\], we get$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\prime \\prime }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },f\\right)\n\\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha }%\n,f\\right) \\right] ^{2},\\ r\\notin E_{1}^{\\ast }.$$In general, we can find that $$\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) =\\frac{1}{z^{2k}}g^{\\left(\nk\\right) }\\left( w\\right) +\\frac{a_{k-1}}{z^{2k-1}}g^{\\left( k-1\\right)\n}\\left( w\\right) +...+\\frac{a_{1}}{z^{k+1}}g^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) ;$$where $a_{1},...,a_{k-1}$ are integers; thus$$\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left(\nz\\right) }=\\frac{1}{z^{2k}}\\frac{g^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( w\\right) }{%\ng\\left( w\\right) }+\\frac{a_{k-1}}{z^{2k-1}}\\frac{g^{\\left( k-1\\right)\n}\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left( w\\right) }+...+\\frac{a_{1}}{z^{k+1}}\\frac{%\ng^{\\prime }\\left( w\\right) }{g\\left( w\\right) }. ", " \\label{l6}$$Also by making use Lemma \\[lem1\\] and Lemma \\[lem2\\] with (\\[l6\\]), we get, for $r=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert <r_{0}$, $$\\left\\vert \\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi%\n}\\left( z\\right) }\\right\\vert \\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{%\n\\alpha },\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) \\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log\nT_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },\\tilde{\\phi}\\right) \\right] ^{k}\\ r\\notin\nE_{1}^{\\ast }. ", " \\label{l6a}$$We can generalize the equality of $\\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) \n}{f\\left( z\\right) }$ as follows$$\\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n=\\sum\\limits_{j=0}^{j=k}\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\nj \\\\ \nk%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right)\\frac{\\tilde{\\phi}^{\\left( k-j\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{\\tilde{\\phi}\\left( z\\right) }\\frac{\\mu ^{\\left( j\\right)\n}\\left( z\\right) }{\\mu \\left( z\\right) }, \\label{ll2}$$where $\\left( \n\\begin{array}{c}\nj \\\\ \nk%\n\\end{array}%\n\\right)=\\frac{k!}{j!\\left( k-j\\right) !}", "$ is the binomial coefficient. ", "Combining (\\[l6a\\])-(\\[ll2\\]), with (\\[l5b\\]) and Remark \\[rem1\\], we obtain$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( k\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq C\\left[ \\frac{1}{r}T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha },f\\right)\n\\log ^{\\alpha }\\left( \\frac{1}{r}\\right) \\log T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha }%\n,f\\right) \\right] ^{k}\\ \\left( k\\in \n%TCIMACRO{\\U{2115} }%\n%BeginExpansion\n\\mathbb{N}\n%EndExpansion\n\\right) ,$$The same reasoning for the case (ii); noting that $\\theta \\in\nE_{2}\\Leftrightarrow 2\\pi -\\theta \\in E_{2}^{\\ast };\\ $so, if $E_{2}\\subset %\n\\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) $ has linear measure zero, then $E_{2}^{\\ast }\\subset %\n\\left[ 0,2\\pi \\right) $ has also linear measure zero.", "\n\nWe divide the proof into three parts:1) If $\\sigma _{n}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) \\leq \\alpha $ for all $j=0,1,\\dots\n,k-1,$ then by Lemma \\[lem7\\] all solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]) satisfy $%\n\\sigma _{n+1}(f,0)\\leq \\alpha .$2) Suppose that $\\sigma _{n}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) =\\alpha _{j},$ and let $%\nq\\in \\left\\{ 0,1,...,k-1\\right\\} $ be the largest index such that $\\alpha\n_{q}=\\underset{0\\leq j\\leq k-1}{\\max }\\left\\{ \\alpha _{j}\\right\\} .$ By Part 1) all solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]) satisfy $\\sigma _{n+1}(f,0)\\leq \\alpha\n_{q}.$ Assume that there are $q+1$ linearly independent solutions $%\nf_{0,1},f_{0,2},...,f_{0,q+1}$ of (\\[eq3\\]) satisfy $\\sigma\n_{n+1}(f_{0,j},0)<\\alpha _{q}$ for all $j=1,\\dots ,q+1.$ By Lemma \\[lem11\\] with $m=q+1$, there exists a solution $f_{q,1}\\not\\equiv 0$ of (\\[5.5\\]) such that $\\sigma _{n+1}(f_{q,1})<\\alpha _{q}$ and for any $\\varepsilon >0$$$\\left\\vert A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp _{n}\\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{q+j},\\beta \\right\\} +\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\\nr\\notin E. \\label{11}$$where $\\tau _{q+j}=\\underset{q+j\\leq l\\leq k-1}{\\max }\\left\\{ \\alpha\n_{l}\\right\\} $ and $j=1,\\dots ,k-q-1.$ We have $\\max \\left\\{ \\tau\n_{q+j},\\beta \\right\\} <\\alpha _{q},$ and then$$\\left\\vert A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp _{n}\\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\alpha _{q}-2\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\ r\\notin E, \\label{12}$$for all $j=1,\\dots ,k-q-1$ and for $\\varepsilon >0$ small enough. ", "Now, by Lemmas \\[12\\], $\\sigma _{n}(A_{q,0},0)=\\sigma _{n}(A_{0,q},0)=\\alpha _{q}$ and by Lemma \\[lem6\\], there exists a set $F\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime\n}\\right) $ of infinite logarithmic measure such that for all $r\\in F$ we have$$\\left\\vert A_{q,0}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\geq \\exp _{n}\\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\alpha _{q}-\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} , \\label{13}$$where $\\left\\vert A_{q,j}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert =M_{0}\\left(\nr,A_{q,j}\\right) .$ On the other hand, by (\\[5.5\\])$$\\left\\vert A_{q,0}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq |\\frac{f_{q,1}^{(k-q)}}{%\nf_{q,1}}|+|A_{q,k-q-1}(z)||\\frac{f_{q,1}^{(k-q-1)}}{f_{q,1}}|+\\dots\n+|A_{q,1}(z)||\\frac{f_{q,1}^{\\prime }}{f_{q,1}}|,$$and so by (\\[12\\]) and Corollary \\[coro2\\] with $\\sigma\n_{n+1}(f_{q,1})<\\alpha _{q},$ we get$$\\left\\vert A_{q,0}\\left( z\\right) \\right\\vert \\leq \\exp _{n}\\left\\{ \\frac{1}{%\nr^{\\alpha _{q}-2\\varepsilon }}\\right\\} ,\\ r\\notin E. \\label{14}$$By taking $r\\in F\\backslash E,$ (\\[14\\]) contradicts (\\[13\\]). ", "Hence, there are at most $q$ linearly independent solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]) such that $\\sigma _{n+1}(f)<\\alpha _{q}.$ Since $\\sigma _{n+1}(f)\\leq \\alpha _{q}$ for all solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]), there are at least $k-q$ linearly independent solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]) such that $\\sigma _{n+1}\\left(\nf,0\\right) =\\alpha _{q}.$3) Suppose that all solutions $f$ of (\\[eq3\\]) satisfy $\\sigma\n_{n+1}(f,0)\\leq \\alpha ,$ and assume that there is a coefficient $%\nA_{j}\\left( z\\right) $ of (\\[eq3\\]) such that $\\sigma _{n}(A_{j})>\\alpha .$ If $q\\in \\left\\{ 0,1,...,k-1\\right\\} $ is the largest index such that $%\n\\alpha _{q}=\\underset{0\\leq j\\leq k-1}{\\max }\\left\\{ \\alpha _{j}\\right\\} ,$ then by part 2), (\\[eq3\\]) has at least $k-q$ linearly independent solutions $f$ such that $\\sigma _{n+1}\\left( f,0\\right) =\\alpha _{q}>\\alpha\n. ", "$ A contradiction. ", "So, $\\sigma _{n}(A_{j})\\leq \\alpha $ for all $%\nj=0,1,\\dots ,k-1.$\n\nFrom , we can write $$|A_{0}(z)|\\leq |\\frac{f^{(k)}}{f}|+|A_{k-1}(z)||\\frac{f^{(k-1)}}{f}|+\\dots\n+|A_{1}(z)||\\frac{f^{\\prime }}{f}|. ", " \\label{p7}$$**Case (i):** $\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right) <\\sigma \\left(\nA_{0},0\\right) <\\infty \\ \\left( j=1,...,k-1\\right) .$ Set $\\max \\{\\sigma\n(A_{j},0):j\\neq 0\\}<\\beta <\\alpha <\\sigma (A_{0},0)$. By (\\[d5\\]), there exists $r_{0}>0$ such that for all $r$ satisfying $r_{0}\\geq r>0$, we have $$|A_{j}(z)|\\leq \\exp \\{\\frac{1}{r^{\\beta }}\\},\\quad j=1,2,\\dots ,k-1.", "\n\\label{p8}$$By Lemma \\[lem5\\], there exists a set $F\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime\n}\\right) $ of infinite logarithmic measure such that for all $r\\in F$, we have $$|A_{0}(z)|>\\exp \\{\\frac{1}{r^{\\alpha }}\\}, \\label{p9}$$where $|A_{0}(z)|=M_{0}\\left( r,A_{0}\\right) .$ From Theorem \\[th1\\], there exists a set $E_{1}^{\\ast }\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right) $ that has finite logarithmic measure and a constant $C>0$ such that for all $%\nr=\\left\\vert z\\right\\vert $ satisfying $r\\in \\left( 0,R^{\\prime }\\right)\n\\backslash E_{1}^{\\ast }$, we have$$\\left\\vert \\frac{f^{\\left( j\\right) }\\left( z\\right) }{f\\left( z\\right) }%\n\\right\\vert \\leq \\frac{C}{r^{2k}}\\left[ T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{\\alpha }%\n,f\\right) \\right] ^{2k}\\ \\left( j=1,...,k-1\\right) . ", " \\label{p9b}$$Using \\[p8\\]–\\[p9b\\] in \\[p7\\], for $r\\in F\\backslash E_{1}^{\\ast },$ we obtain $$\\exp \\{\\frac{1}{r^{\\alpha }}\\}\\leq \\frac{C}{r^{2k}}\\left[ T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r%\n}{\\alpha },f\\right) \\right] ^{2k}\\exp \\{\\frac{1}{r^{\\beta +\\varepsilon }}\\}.", "\n\\label{p10}$$From , we obtain that $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)\\geq \\alpha $.", "\n\nOn the other hand, applying Lemma \\[lem7\\] with , we obtain that $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)\\leq \\sigma (A_{0},0)$. Since $\\alpha \\leq \\sigma\n_{2}(f,0)\\leq \\sigma (A_{0},0)$ holds for all $\\alpha <\\sigma (A_{0},0)$, then $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)=\\sigma (A_{0},0)$.\n\n**Case (ii):** $0<\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right) \\leq \\sigma \\left(\nA_{0},0\\right) <\\infty $ and $\\max \\left\\{ \\tau _{M}\\left( A_{j},0\\right)\n:\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right) =\\sigma \\left( A_{0},0\\right) \\right\\} <\\tau\n_{M}\\left( A_{0},0\\right) \\ \\left( j=1,...,k-1\\right) .$ Set $\\max \\left\\{\n\\tau _{M}\\left( A_{j},0\\right) :\\sigma \\left( A_{j},0\\right) =\\sigma \\left(\nA_{0},0\\right) \\right\\} <\\mu <\\nu <\\tau _{M}\\left( A_{0},0\\right) $ and $%\n\\sigma (A_{0},0)=\\sigma .$ By (\\[d5b\\]), there exists $r_{0}>0$ such that for all $r$ satisfying $r_{0}\\geq r>0$, we have$$|A_{j}(z)|\\leq \\exp \\{\\frac{\\mu }{r^{\\sigma }}\\},\\quad j=1,2,\\dots ,k-1.", "\n\\label{p11}$$By Lemma \\[lem5\\], there exists a set $F\\subset \\left( 0,R^{\\prime\n}\\right) $ of infinite logarithmic measure such that for all $r\\in F$ and $%\n|A_{0}(z)|=M_{0}\\left( r,A_{0}\\right) ,$ we have$$|A_{0}(z)|>\\exp \\{\\frac{\\nu }{r^{\\sigma }}\\}. ", " \\label{p12}$$Combining (\\[p11\\])-(\\[p12\\]) with (\\[p9b\\]) and (\\[p7\\]), we get for $r\\in F\\backslash E_{1}^{\\ast },$$$\\exp \\{\\frac{\\nu }{r^{\\sigma }}\\}\\leq \\frac{C}{r^{2k}}\\left[ T_{0}\\left( \n\\frac{r}{\\alpha },f\\right) \\right] ^{2k}\\exp \\{\\frac{\\mu }{r^{\\sigma }}\\}.", "\n\\label{p13}$$From (\\[p13\\]), we get $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)\\geq \\sigma ,$ and combining this with Lemma \\[lem7\\], we obtain that $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)=\\sigma (A_{0},0)$.\n\nWe begin with the case $a=cb$ $\\left( 0<c<1\\right) .$ It is easy to see that $\\tau _{M}\\left( A\\left( z\\right) \\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{a}{z^{n}}\\right\\}\n,0\\right) =\\left\\vert a\\right\\vert $ and $\\tau _{M}\\left( B\\left( z\\right)\n\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{b}{z^{n}}\\right\\} ,0\\right) =\\left\\vert b\\right\\vert .$ By Theorem \\[th2\\] case (ii), we get $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)=n.$ Now, suppose that $\\arg a\\neq \\arg b.$ Then, there exist $(\\varphi _{1},\\varphi\n_{2})\\subset \\lbrack 0,2\\pi )$ such that for $\\arg (z)=\\varphi \\in (\\varphi\n_{1},\\varphi _{2}),$ we have $\\delta _{b}(\\varphi )>0$ and $\\delta\n_{a}(\\varphi )<0$. From , we can write$$|B(z)\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{b}{z^{n}}\\right\\} |\\leq |\\frac{f^{\\prime \\prime }}{f}%\n|+|A(z)\\exp \\left\\{ \\frac{a}{z^{n}}\\right\\} ||\\frac{f^{\\prime }}{f}|.", "\n\\label{p1}$$Since $\\max \\{\\sigma (A,0),\\sigma (B,0)\\}<n$, then by Lemma \\[lem8\\], and , we obtain$$\\exp \\left\\{ \\left( 1-\\varepsilon \\right) \\delta _{b}\\left( \\varphi \\right) \n\\frac{1}{r^{n}}\\right\\} \\leq \\frac{C}{r^{4}}\\left[ T_{0}\\left( \\frac{r}{%\n\\alpha },f\\right) \\right] ^{4}\\exp \\left\\{ \\left( 1-\\varepsilon \\right)\n\\delta _{a}\\left( \\varphi \\right) \\frac{1}{r^{n}}\\right\\} . ", " \\label{p14}$$From (\\[p14\\]) we get $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)\\geq n$ and combining this with Lemma \\[lem7\\], we obtain that $\\sigma _{2}(f,0)=n$.\n\n[99]{} L. Bieberbach; *Theorie der gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen,* Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, 1965.", "\n\nZ. X. Chen; *The growth of solutions of $f^{\\prime\n\\prime }+e^{-z}f^{\\prime }+Q(z)f=0$, where the order $(Q)=1$*, Sci, China Ser. ", "A, **45** (2002), 290-300.", "\n\nZ. X. Chen and C. C. Yang; *Some further results on zeros and growths of entire solutions of second order linear differential equations,* Kodai Math. ", "J., 22 (1999), 273-285.", "\n\nH. Fettouch and S. Hamouda; *Growth of local solutions to linear differential equations around an isolated essential singularity,* Electron. ", "J. Differential Equations, Vol 2016 (2016), No. ", "226, pp. ", "1-10.", "\n\nG. G. Gundersen; *Estimates for the logarithmic derivative of a meromorphic function, plus similar estimates*, J. Lond. ", "Math. ", "Soc. (", "2), 37 (1988), 88-104.", "\n\nG. G. Gundersen, M. Steinbart and S. Wang; *The possible orders of solutions of linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients,* Trans. ", "Amer. ", "Math. ", "Soc. ", "350 (1998), 1225-1247.", "\n\nS. Hamouda; *Properties of solutions to linear differential equations with analytic coefficients in the unit disc*, Electron. ", "J. Differential Equations, Vol 2012 (2012), No. ", "177, pp. ", "1-9.", "\n\nS. Hamouda; *Iterated order of solutions of linear differential equations in the unit disc*, Comput. ", "Methods Funct. ", "Theory, 13 (2013) No. ", "4, 545-555.", "\n\nS. Hamouda; *The possible orders of growth of solutions to certain linear differential equations near a singular point,* J. Math. ", "Anal. ", "Appl. ", "458 (2018) 992–1008.", "\n\nW. K. Hayman; *Meromorphic functions*, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964.", "\n\nJ. Heittokangas, R. Korhonen and J. Rataya; *Fast Growing Solutions of Linear Differential Equations in the Unit Disc,* Result.", "Math. ", "49 (2006), 265–278.", "\n\nA.Ya. ", "Khrystiyanyn, A. A. Kondratyuk; *On the Nevanlinna theory for meromorphic functions on annuli*, Matematychni Studii 23 (1) (2005) 19–30.", "\n\nA. A. Kondratyuk, I. Laine; *Meromorphic functions in multiply connected domains,* in: Fourier Series Methods in Complex Analysis, in: Univ. ", "Joensuu Dept. ", "Math. ", "Rep. Ser., ", "vol. ", "10, Univ. ", "Joensuu, Joensuu, 2006, pp. ", "9-111.", "\n\nR. Korhonen; *Nevanlinna theory in an annulus,* in: Value Distribution Theory and Related Topics, in: Adv. ", "Complex Anal. ", "Appl., ", "vol. ", "3, Kluwer Acad. ", "Publ., ", "Boston, MA, 2004, pp. ", "167-179.", "\n\nI. Laine; *Nevanlinna theory and complex differential equations,* W. de Gruyter, Berlin, 1993.", "\n\nE. L. Mark, Y. Zhuan; *Logarithmic derivatives in annulus,* J. Math. ", "Anal. ", "Appl. ", "356 (2009) 441-452.", "\n\nJ. Tu, C-F. Yi; *On the growth of solutions of a class of higher order linear differential equations with coefficients having the same order,* J. Math. ", "Anal. ", "Appl. ", "340 (2008) 487–497.", "\n\nG. Valiron; *Lectures on the General Theory of Integral Functions,* Chelsea Publishing Company, New York, 1949.", "\n\nL. Yang; *Value distribution theory,* Springer-Verlag Science Press, Berlin-Beijing. ", "1993.", "\n" ]

[ 0.003816793893129771, 0.01456953642384106, 0, 0.05154639175257732, 0.010131712259371834, 0.008645533141210375, 0.005952380952380952, 0, 0.014787430683918669, 0.006578947368421052, 0.007776049766718507, 0, 0.001349527665317139, 0, 0, 0.006066734074823054, 0.004347826086956522, 0, 0.007886435331230283, 0.006369426751592357, 0, 0.007466973004020678, 0, 0.013311148086522463, 0.004662004662004662, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0, 0, 0.00663716814159292, 0, 0.008086253369272238, 0, 0.003875968992248062, 0, 0.013986013986013986, 0.004750593824228029, 0.011532125205930808, 0.0049833887043189366, 0.003389830508474576, 0.0037688442211055275, 0.0063025210084033615, 0, 0, 0, 0.006521739130434782, 0.010273972602739725, 0.002336448598130841, 0, 0.003472222222222222, 0.009584664536741214, 0.013819095477386936, 0.00303951367781155, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0.006440281030444965, 0.015015015015015015, 0, 0.009404388714733543, 0.011482254697286013, 0.015558698727015558, 0.00516795865633075, 0.00949367088607595, 0, 0.010130246020260492, 0, 0.0016992353440951572, 0.013468013468013467, 0.01282051282051282, 0.020134228187919462, 0.008902077151335312, 0.008598452278589854, 0.009865470852017937, 0.002652519893899204, 0.011022044088176353, 0.013363028953229399, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0.010189228529839884, 0.010423905489923557, 0.007128309572301426, 0.002421307506053269, 0, 0.009950248756218905, 0.0027548209366391185, 0.005376344086021506, 0, 0, 0.010146561443066516, 0.003937007874015748, 0, 0.012903225806451613, 0.010443864229765013, 0.0076045627376425855, 0.015151515151515152, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.013986013986013986, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0078125, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0, 0, 0.007575757575757576, 0, 0, 0.05, 0.028169014084507043, 0.031007751937984496, 0, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0.013986013986013986, 0, 0, 0.09090909090909091, 0, 0.1, 0.07142857142857142, 0, 0.027522935779816515, 0, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0, 0, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0.04225352112676056, 0, 0, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0, 0.05263157894736842, 0.02654867256637168, 0.022988505747126436, 0, 0 ]

[ "Eric Tindall\n\nEric Norton Tindall (born 28 August 1944) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.", "\n\nTindall, a scrum-half, was born in Sydney, New South Wales and claimed 1 international rugby cap for Australia.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Australian rugby union players\nCategory:Australia international rugby union players\nCategory:1944 births\nCategory:Living people" ]

[ 0.028037383177570093, 0, 0 ]

[ "+ 5)**2\nLet a(f) = -3*f**3 - 58*f**2 + 3*f + 62. ", "Let y(q) = 5*q**3 + 115*q**2 - 5*q - 125. ", "Let g(z) = 5*a(z) + 2*y(z). ", "Factor g(v).", "\n-5*(v - 1)*(v + 1)*(v + 12)\nLet a(n) be the second derivative of n**5/10 + 7*n**4/12 - 85*n**3/16 - 225*n**2/4 + 2*n + 4. ", "Suppose a(i) = 0. ", "Calculate i.\n-15/4, 4\nSuppose h + w - 34 = -0*h, -2*w - 77 = -3*h. ", "Let d = -27 + h. Factor 27/4 - 9/2*o + 3/4*o**d.", "\n3*(o - 3)**2/4\nLet o(s) be the first derivative of s**7/1260 + s**6/80 + s**5/15 + s**4/9 - 16*s**2 - 54. ", "Let h(k) be the second derivative of o(k). ", "Factor h(l).", "\nl*(l + 1)*(l + 4)**2/6\nLet p(z) = -z**3 + 2*z**2 + 2. ", "Let d(y) = -5*y**3 + 10*y**2 + 11. ", "Suppose 13 = 3*g - k, -2*k + 3 + 7 = 0. ", "Let u(f) = g*d(f) - 33*p(f). ", "Factor u(w).", "\n3*w**2*(w - 2)\nLet a(q) = 24*q + 30*q**2 + 38*q**3 + 1 + 29*q**3 - 3 - 79*q**3. ", "Let f(t) = 24*t**3 - 61*t**2 - 48*t + 5. ", "Let p(o) = 5*a(o) + 2*f(o). ", "Factor p(d).", "\n-4*d*(d - 3)*(3*d + 2)\nLet h(k) = -k**2 - 9*k - 8. ", "Let v be h(-8). ", "Let c = v - -4. ", "Suppose l**2 - 2 + 1 + 3 + l - c = 0. ", "What is l?", "\n-2, 1\nLet s(i) = i**2 + i + 3. ", "Let w(c) = -c**2 - c - 1. ", "Let p(k) = s(k) + 3*w(k). ", "Let r(v) = -v**2 - v. Let t(h) = -5*p(h) + 5*r(h). ", "Determine z so that t(z) = 0.", "\n-1, 0\nSuppose -58 + 1072 = 6*j. ", "Factor 2*r**2 + 4*r - 2 + 2 - j*r**3 + 167*r**3.", "\n-2*r*(r - 2)*(r + 1)\nLet j(c) be the first derivative of 2*c**3/39 - 17*c**2/13 + 32*c/13 + 206. ", "Determine n, given that j(n) = 0.", "\n1, 16\nLet s be (-59)/(-1534) - (-6)/13. ", "Factor -s*i**2 + 0 - 1/4*i**3 - 1/4*i.", "\n-i*(i + 1)**2/4\nLet w(g) be the first derivative of -2*g**6/9 - 16*g**5/45 + 13*g**4/9 + 8*g**3/3 - 8*g**2/9 - 32*g/9 - 173. ", "Find q, given that w(q) = 0.", "\n-2, -1, 2/3, 2\nSuppose t - 2*t + 10 = 0. ", "Let n = t - 6. ", "Factor -n*i**2 + i**2 + 3*i**2 + 3*i**3.", "\n3*i**3\nLet c(i) be the third derivative of 10*i**2 - 1/3*i**4 + 1/5*i**5 - 1/30*i**6 + 0*i + 0*i**3 + 0. ", "Factor c(l).", "\n-4*l*(l - 2)*(l - 1)\nSuppose 5*b**2 + 2*b**2 + 3645*b**3 - 3649*b**3 + 2*b = 0. ", "Calculate b.\n-1/4, 0, 2\nLet t be 80/100*(-2)/(-5)*5/2. ", "What is b in 0*b**3 - 2/5*b + t*b**4 + 0 - 4/5*b**2 + 2/5*b**5 = 0?", "\n-1, 0, 1\nLet f(d) be the third derivative of 1/35*d**7 + 1/15*d**5 + 0 + 7/60*d**6 + 0*d**3 - d**2 + 0*d + 0*d**4. ", "Find q, given that f(q) = 0.", "\n-2, -1/3, 0\nLet w(s) be the second derivative of s**5/90 + 26*s**4/27 - 63*s - 1. ", "Suppose w(c) = 0. ", "What is c?", "\n-52, 0\nFactor -1/5*b**3 + 14/5*b - 24/5 + 1/5*b**2.", "\n-(b - 3)*(b - 2)*(b + 4)/5\nLet r(m) be the third derivative of 0 + 1/735*m**7 + 4/21*m**4 + 0*m**3 + 0*m - 24*m**2 - 1/60*m**6 + 4/105*m**5. ", "Factor r(d).", "\n2*d*(d - 4)**2*(d + 1)/7\nLet k(s) = 2*s + 4. ", "Let j be k(3). ", "Factor j*y**2 - 2*y**3 + 0*y**2 + 1 + 7 - 16*y + 0*y**3.", "\n-2*(y - 2)**2*(y - 1)\nSuppose 6*n**3 + 67*n**2 - 3*n**3 - 70*n**2 = 0. ", "What is n?", "\n0, 1\nLet n(d) be the second derivative of -d**6/60 - d**5/20 - d**4/24 + 7*d + 28. ", "Factor n(y).", "\n-y**2*(y + 1)**2/2\nDetermine x, given that 60*x + 5 - 39*x**3 - 21*x**5 - 5 - 78*x**4 - 24 + 102*x**2 = 0.", "\n-2, -1, 2/7, 1\nLet j(m) be the second derivative of -5*m**7/21 + m**6/4 + 5*m**5/8 - 5*m**4/8 - 5*m**3/12 + 14*m - 1. ", "Let j(n) = 0. ", "Calculate n.\n-1, -1/4, 0, 1\nLet v(z) be the first derivative of 5*z**9/3024 - z**8/112 + z**7/168 + z**6/24 - z**5/12 - 2*z**3 + 29. ", "Let r(n) be the third derivative of v(n). ", "Factor r(u).", "\n5*u*(u - 2)*(u - 1)**2*(u + 1)\nLet m be (-11)/(-66) - 115/6. ", "Let g = -16 - m. Factor 2*q**2 + 2*q - 8*q**3 - q**2 + 2*q**2 + g*q**2.", "\n-2*q*(q - 1)*(4*q + 1)\nLet r(d) be the second derivative of -3/16*d**3 + 3/80*d**5 - 3/16*d**2 + 29*d + 0 + 3/80*d**6 - 1/16*d**4 + 1/112*d**7. ", "What is m in r(m) = 0?", "\n-1, 1\nSolve 0 - 450/11*w - 62/11*w**3 + 510/11*w**2 + 2/11*w**4 = 0.", "\n0, 1, 15\nLet s(m) be the first derivative of -m**4/20 + 92*m**3/5 - 549*m**2/10 + 274*m/5 - 248. ", "Factor s(r).", "\n-(r - 274)*(r - 1)**2/5\nSolve 506*w**3 + 80*w**5 + 0 + 780*w**4 + 0 + 60*w**4 - 101*w**3 + 50*w**2 = 0 for w.\n-10, -1/4, 0\nSuppose 4*a - 2 = 2*a - 3*l, -3*a - 3*l + 6 = 0. ", "Suppose q = 6*q + a*q. ", "Determine z, given that 0*z + 1/5*z**3 + 0*z**2 + 3/5*z**4 + q = 0.", "\n-1/3, 0\nLet z = 8 - 8. ", "Suppose c + 3*c = 2*n - 2, c - 1 = z. Determine t so that 72*t - 24*t + 25*t**2 - 36*t**4 - 48*t**n - 5*t**2 + 16 = 0.", "\n-1, -2/3, 1\nFactor 0 - 1/2*y**3 + 0*y + 3/2*y**2.", "\n-y**2*(y - 3)/2\nLet i(c) be the first derivative of c**6/300 - 2*c**5/75 - c**2/2 - 10. ", "Let t(b) be the second derivative of i(b). ", "Factor t(j).", "\n2*j**2*(j - 4)/5\nLet n(p) be the third derivative of 1/105*p**7 + 22*p**2 - 1/3*p**3 + 1/60*p**6 + 0 + 7/24*p**4 - 2/15*p**5 - 1/336*p**8 + 0*p. ", "Factor n(b).", "\n-(b - 1)**4*(b + 2)\nLet y(u) be the second derivative of -7*u + 0*u**2 + 0*u**4 + 0*u**3 - 1/84*u**7 + 0 + 0*u**5 + 1/20*u**6. ", "Find c such that y(c) = 0.", "\n0, 3\nLet l(i) be the first derivative of 1/2*i**3 + 27 - 6*i + 0*i**2. ", "Determine x so that l(x) = 0.", "\n-2, 2\nLet t = -41 - -46. ", "Solve -2*q**3 + 1 + 71*q**2 - 4*q**t - 20*q - 38*q**3 + 20*q**4 + 3 - 31*q**2 = 0 for q.\n1\nLet h(r) = 3*r**5 + 2*r**4 + 18*r**3 - 13*r**2 + 5*r - 5. ", "Let p(o) = 5*o**5 + 3*o**4 + 27*o**3 - 19*o**2 + 8*o - 8. ", "Let t(q) = -8*h(q) + 5*p(q). ", "Factor t(j).", "\nj**2*(j - 3)*(j - 1)*(j + 3)\nLet y(o) = 2*o**2 + 14*o - 13. ", "Let p be y(-8). ", "Factor 0*k**2 + 4 - 1 + k**p + 0 - k - 3*k**2.", "\n(k - 3)*(k - 1)*(k + 1)\nLet w(n) = 2*n - 1. ", "Let s be w(5). ", "Let t be 2 + 0*3/s. Factor 3*r**2 + 0*r - 6 + r**t - 9*r**3 + 2*r**2 + 9*r.", "\n-3*(r - 1)*(r + 1)*(3*r - 2)\nLet v(m) be the third derivative of 1/15*m**6 + m**5 + 0 - 8/3*m**4 - 9*m**2 - 2/21*m**7 + 0*m + 8/3*m**3. ", "What is s in v(s) = 0?", "\n-2, 2/5, 1\nLet u(h) be the first derivative of 3*h**4/8 + 19. ", "Find l such that u(l) = 0.", "\n0\nLet h(m) be the third derivative of m**6/72 - m**5/3 - 15*m**4/8 - 11*m**3/3 + 20*m**2. ", "Let w(o) be the first derivative of h(o). ", "Factor w(q).", "\n5*(q - 9)*(q + 1)\nLet p be 4 - (-9 + 6)*12/(-9). ", "Let o(g) be the third derivative of 1/300*g**6 + p*g + 0*g**3 + 0 + 1/20*g**4 - 2/75*g**5 + g**2. ", "Solve o(f) = 0 for f.\n0, 1, 3\nSuppose -36 = -3*g + 3*j, 2*j - 24 = -6*g + 5*g. ", "Factor o**3 + 99*o - 4*o**2 - 2*o**2 - 75*o - 3*o**2 - g.\n(o - 4)**2*(o - 1)\nLet g(s) = -10*s + 40. ", "Suppose 0 = r - 2, -2 = -q + 3*r - 4. ", "Let w be g(q). ", "Find y, given that w*y**2 + 4/9 - 2/9*y**3 + 2/3*y = 0.", "\n-1, 2\nLet r(l) be the second derivative of -5*l**7/42 + l**5/4 - 35*l + 2. ", "What is h in r(h) = 0?", "\n-1, 0, 1\nLet v be 8 + -1 - 2505/450 - (-2)/12. ", "Factor 12/5 - 4/5*t**2 + v*t.", "\n-4*(t - 3)*(t + 1)/5\nLet g(u) be the first derivative of 0*u + 6 - 1/10*u**4 - 1/25*u**5 + 0*u**2 + 0*u**3. ", "Suppose g(f) = 0. ", "Calculate f.\n-2, 0\nLet l(u) = -2*u**2 - 151*u + 722. ", "Let r be l(-80). ", "Factor 0*y**r - y + 1/3*y**3 - 2/3.", "\n(y - 2)*(y + 1)**2/3\nSuppose -51*p - 38 + 191 = 0. ", "Find f, given that 0*f**2 + 0*f + 3/5*f**p + 0 + 3/5*f**4 = 0.", "\n-1, 0\nSuppose 0 = s - 4*s + 30. ", "Let n be 16/6 + s/30. ", "What is b in 6*b**4 - 3*b**2 - 26*b**3 - 2*b - 3*b**4 - 4*b + 32*b**n = 0?", "\n-2, -1, 0, 1\nLet h = -32/677 + 2804/2031. ", "Factor 2/9*v**4 + 26/9*v**2 - 8/3*v - h*v**3 + 8/9.", "\n2*(v - 2)**2*(v - 1)**2/9\nFactor 70/9*p - 34/9 + 2/9*p**3 - 38/9*p**2.", "\n2*(p - 17)*(p - 1)**2/9\nLet y = -791 + 7166/9. ", "Let n = -143/36 + y. Factor 0 + n*w**2 + w**3 + 1/4*w**4 + 1/2*w.", "\nw*(w + 1)**2*(w + 2)/4\nLet t be (4*10/12)/(-19 - (-1040)/48). ", "Find u such that -3/4*u**3 - 11/4*u**2 - t*u + 3/4 = 0.", "\n-3, -1, 1/3\nLet x = -157 + 172. ", "Let p(f) = f**3 - 14*f**2 - 15*f + 3. ", "Let z be p(x). ", "Determine j so that 1/3*j**z - 2/3*j**4 + 0*j + 0*j**2 + 0 + 1/3*j**5 = 0.", "\n0, 1\nSuppose 0*n + 10 = 5*n. ", "Let m = -1825 - -12799/7. ", "Suppose -2*v**n + m*v + 8/7 = 0. ", "What is v?", "\n-2/7, 2\nLet y be 2 + (-20)/14 + (-57)/(-1995). ", "Let f(p) be the first derivative of 3/20*p**4 - 3/5*p - y*p**3 + 9/10*p**2 + 5. ", "Factor f(i).", "\n3*(i - 1)**3/5\nWhat is j in 58*j**4 - 10*j**4 - 18*j**4 - 15*j**4 - 14*j**2 - 17*j**4 - 16*j**3 = 0?", "\n-7, -1, 0\nSuppose 959 - 959 = 12*o. ", "Solve 0*y + 1/5*y**3 - 2/5*y**2 + o = 0.", "\n0, 2\nLet g(r) be the third derivative of 1/240*r**5 + 0 + 0*r**3 - 18*r**2 + 0*r + 1/24*r**4. ", "Factor g(d).", "\nd*(d + 4)/4\nLet h(i) = -i**2 + i + 2. ", "Let q(m) = 4*m**3 + 10*m**2 - 58*m - 244. ", "Let d(r) = -6*h(r) + q(r). ", "What is u in d(u) = 0?", "\n-4, 4\nLet l be ((-4)/(-16))/(21/(-5)). ", "Let u = l - -11/28. ", "Factor 0 + u*j**2 + 0*j - 1/6*j**3.", "\n-j**2*(j - 2)/6\nSolve 3/2*i**2 + 1/6*i**4 - 5/6*i**3 + 1/3 - 7/6*i = 0.", "\n1, 2\nSolve 161*y - 1095*y**4 + 31*y**5 + 4*y**5 + 3365*y**3 + 1375*y - 10176*y**2 + 6337*y*" ]

[ 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0.008620689655172414, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008403361344537815, 0.07142857142857142, 0.007518796992481203, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02531645569620253, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0, 0.05555555555555555, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In Alabama last year, addiction cost the criminal justice system $436 million and the healthcare system $300 million, he said.", "\n\nAddiction can also contribute to such co-morbid illnesses as borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and general anxiety disorder, said Logue, founder and president of Affiliated Mental Health Services Inc. in Birmingham. ", "His presentation was titled Understanding Addiction: Yours, Mine, Ours.", "\n\nLogue said the “big three” of addiction are smoking, alcohol and opiates. ", "In 2016, there were 51,000 opioid deaths in the US and that number is expected to be repeated this year. “", "That’s 102,000 deaths in the last two years, Logue said.", "\n\nHe said there are three stages of addiction: exhilaration, withdrawal and anticipation for more. “", "It’s an ongoing problem that never really goes away. ", "The body never forgets’ it’s always there.”", "\n\nLogue noted the difference between addiction and dependence. ", "He said addiction is an insatiable desire for a substance that overpowers and neutralizes judgement and behavior in a way that is detrimental. ", "Dependence is use of a substance or behavior to alleviate pain.", "\n\nThere are treatment options for addiction, he said, including Alcoholics Anonymous, 12-step programs, outpatient and inpatient programs and pharmacological treatments.", "\n\nThe Alice McLean Stewart Endowed Fund for Addiction Education was established in 1994 by Alice McLean Stewart to promote addiction education at CCHS through the creation of a lecture series. ", "Stewart received a bachelor’s degree in home economics from The University of Alabama in 1941 and a master’s degree from the University of Chicago in 1942. ", "She taught in the Tuscaloosa City School System and Partlow State School from 1960 to 1988.", "\n\nThe Ernest Cole Brock III Endowment for Continuing Medical Education\n\nPerformance-enhancing substances can improve athletic strength and speed, but they carry significant risk to health and sports, said Dr. John Lombardo, the NFL’s drug advisory for anabolic steroids and other performance enhancing drugs.", "\n\n“That’s why they’re banned – because of the adverse health effects, and to create a level playing field and protect the integrity of the game,” Lombardo said.", "\n\nLombardo listed some of the more common performance-enhancing substances. ", "There are anabolic steroids, which are synthetic substances related to testosterone that promote the growth of skeletal muscle.", "\n\nStimulants are another, and can include amphetamine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. ", "Lombardo described stimulants as “effective and dangerous,” explaining that they work to stimulate the central nervous system, giving athletes enhanced reaction time and the ability to fight fatigue. ", "But they can also cause seizures, cardiac arrest, gastrointestinal problems and dependency.", "\n\nSupplements, often consisting of herbs and plant derivatives and extracts, are another performance-enhancing substance used in sports. ", "The US Food and Drug Administration does not have the authority to review dietary supplement products for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed.", "\n\n“No independent agency is verifying the ingredients so you’re taking something no one has tested,” Lombardo said. ", "He said up to 20 percent of supplements contain non-labeled substances that could cause a positive drug test. “", "We tell athletes to beware of supplements and don’t take them, but they will take these, they always do. ", "There’s a fear factor. ", "They’re so intent on getting better they’ll try anything.”", "\n\nLombardo said there are times when substances that enhance performance are used for therapeutic reasons and exemptions are granted “recognizing that there are medical conditions for which they might be needed,” treating injuries and ADHD being a few. ", "Most exemption are granted prior to use, not retroactively, “like after a positive test,” he said.", "\n\nThe Ernest Cole Brock III Endowment for Continuing Medical Education lecture series was established by Ernest Cole Brock Jr., MD, and his wife, Hannah Brock, with the goal of educating health professionals about the treatment of concussions and other sports injuries. ", "They created the fund to honor the memory of their son, Ernest Cole Brock III, who died in 1999 at the age of 36. ", "The late Dr. Ernest Cole Brock Jr. was an orthopedic surgeon who practiced for many years in Tuscaloosa and a longtime physician for the Alabama Crimson Tide.", "\n\nResearch and scholarly efforts of CCHS faculty, staff, residents, medical students and graduate students were highlighted during the College’s 9th Annual Research and Scholarly Activity Day.", "\n\nThirty-nine poster presentations were displayed at the Nov. 9 event, held at the Northeast Medical Building. ", "Judges were: Dr. Alan Blum, professor of Family Medicine at CCHS; Dr. Cassandra Ford, associate professor of Nursing at UA’s Capstone College of Nursing; Dr. Michele Montgomery, assistant professor of Nursing at UA’s Capstone College of Nursing; and Dr. Raheem Paxton, associate professor of Community Medicine and Population Health at CCHS.", "\n\nThird Place – Dr. Blake DeWitt, Dr. Catherine Skinner, and Dr. Louanne Friend, for The Effects of an Advanced Life Support Obstetrical Interprofessional Class on Participant Interprofessional Socialization and Readiness to Function in Interprofessional Teams.", "\n\nThe CCHS Mini Medical School presentations are now offered at Capstone Village, a residential retirement community on The University of Alabama Campus.", "\n\nThe Mini Medical School series was created several years ago by the College in collaboration with UA’s OLLI program and lets adults and community learners explore trends in medicine and health. ", "Lectures are provided by CCHS faculty and resident physicians who also care for patients at University Medical Center.", "\n\nThe first Mini Medical School presentation at Capstone Village was provided Nov. 16 by Robert McKinney, MSW, LCSW, PIP, ACSW, an assistant professor of Social Work at CCHS and director of UMC’s Department of Social Services. ", "The topic was anxiety.", "\n\nMcKinney said anxiety is normal and most people experience anxiety at some point in their lives. “", "The difference between regular anxiety and anxiety that we need to pay attention to has to do with the way those feelings affect our lives – if the same thing is bothering you for more than six months, and if you change your life because of the anxiety.”", "\n\nHe explained that common anxiety disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and phobias, and symptoms include uncontrollable feelings of panic and fear, sleep disturbances, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, inability to sit still, nausea and dizziness.", "\n\nMcKinney said 40 million Americans suffer from anxiety disorders, but only one-third receive treatment, and that takes a toll on health. “", "Chronic stress has negative effects on the body and can create disease.”", "\n\nSo, how do you know if you have an anxiety disorder? “", "It’s about intrusive feelings that cause us to change something in our lives – going out of our way to avoid a perceived stressor, avoiding social situations, feelings of being watched or judged, panic attacks, sleeping less, or more, due to intrusive thoughts,” McKinney said.", "\n\nThe good news is that anxiety disorders respond well to treatment, he said, including therapy, medication, meditation, yoga and exercise.", "\n\n“Anxiety is real, not imagined, and it should be treated like any other medical condition,” McKinney said.", "\n\nhttps://i0.wp.com/cchs.ua.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/24/files/2015/10/mckinney.jpg?fit=400%2C600&ssl=1600400gregrandallhttp://cchs.ua.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/24/files/2017/01/CCHS_CapstoneALogo_bbj.pnggregrandall2017-11-30 16:56:412017-11-30 16:56:41CCHS brings Mini Medical School to Capstone Village\n\n“It all starts in the neighborhood.” ", "That’s how Dr. Richard Streiffer, dean of CCHS and a family medicine physician, described the Cuban healthcare system to faculty, residents and medical students during a presentation November 29 as part of the College’s global health curriculum.", "\n\nWhile there are hospitals and specialty care centers in Cuba, most care takes place in neighborhood poly clinics. ", "Doctors and nurses who work in poly clinics live in the same neighborhoods where they practice, and they make house calls, getting to see patients in the context of their home and families.", "\n\nThere are also grandparent and maternity homes. ", "Casa del Abuelo, or grandparent homes, are centers where the elderly can spend the day doing Tai Chi and other exercises, eating and playing games. ", "The services are free of charge.", "\n\nCuba also utilizes community-based maternity homes to provide live-in, comprehensive care for women with high-risk pregnancies, a strategy that has significantly lowered infant and maternal mortality rates. ", "Today, Cuba has achieved neonatal and infant mortality rates that are better than or on par with rich nations, including the US.", "\n\n“The health care goes to the patient,” Streiffer said. “", "And everywhere they go, prevention is at the core of what they do.”", "\n\nHe said health-care providers in Cuba “really know their patients and they do remarkable population health, in the poly clinics and at the home visits. ", "They know more about their patients without computers than we do in this country with computers.”", "\n\nThe revolution in Cuba in 1959 brought a set of principles, Streiffer said, including that all Cubans have a right to health care. ", "The country constructed a healthcare system of integrated services built around primary care and prevention. “", "They are no longer a third-world country with regard to health,” Streiffer said. ", "Cuba’s health outcomes have steadily improved and today the country ranks just below the US in health outcomes – 39th to the US ranking of 37.", "\n\nIn addition, Cuba’s medical education “largely mimics the emphases they have as a country,” said Dr. Cecil Robinson, who, like Streiffer, has made several trips to Cuba as part of The UA Center for Cuba Collaboration and Scholarship. ", "All medical students become family medicine physicians first, and then can go on to specialize. ", "Their education is multi-disciplinary, and public health is integrated. ", "As a result, 70 percent of doctors in Cuba are primary care physicians, and studies have shown that countries with a strong primary care physician workforce have healthier populations.", "\n\nThe College of Community Health Sciences is participating in a nationwide network of academic and health-care institutions charged with implementing the National Institutes of Health’s All of Us Research Program, an effort to advance research into precision medicine.", "\n\nThe overall project seeks to enroll one million individuals living in the US and gather their health information and other data over time, with the ultimate goal of accelerating research and improving health. ", "Researchers will use the data for studies on a variety of health conditions to learn more about the impact of individual differences in lifestyle, environment and biological makeup.", "\n\nBy taking into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment and biology, researchers hope to find ways to deliver precision medicine.", "\n\nThe College, through its University Medical Center, is an awardee of a part of the program known as the Southern All of Us Network (see list of awardees below). ", "Combined, the awardees will receive $13.8 million from NIH.", "\n\n“This is the project that will change the way we practice medicine in the future,” says Dr. John C. Higginbotham, associate dean for Research and Health Policy for CCHS and associate vice president for Research for The University of Alabama.", "\n\nCCHS has been asked to enroll 400 individuals into the All of Us Research Program in the first year, says Higginbotham, who is coordinating the College’s efforts along with Dr. Tom Weida, the College’s associate dean for Clinical Affairs.", "\n\n“We will be collecting data and following these folks for 10 years,” Weida says. “", "This is on the forefront of precision medicine and this is where medicine is going. ", "We’re staying on the forefront of how we deliver care and the type of care we deliver.”", "\n\nAccording to the NIH, precision medicine is “an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle.” ", "This approach allows doctors and researchers to predict more accurately which treatment and prevention strategies for a particular disease will work in which groups of people, in contrast to a one-size-fits-all approach with treatment and prevention strategies developed for the average person with less consideration for individual differences.", "\n\nAccording to the NIH, All of Us participants will extend the geographic coverage of the program and strengthen its reach within underserved communities, including lower-income, Hispanic and Latino, African-American, rural and American Indian communities.", "\n\n“We want this program to reflect the rich diversity of our country,” says Eric Dishman, director of the All of Us Research Program at NIH. “", "Expanding our national network of health care provider organizations enhances our ability to reach communities traditionally underrepresented in medical research. ", "Working with participants across the country, we hope to contribute to medical breakthroughs that may lead to more tailored disease prevention and treatment solutions in the future.”", "\n\nAdds Higginbotham: “This program will be a catalyst for innovative research and policies.”", "\n\nAwardees include:\n\nSouthern All of Us Network: University of Alabama at Birmingham; Cooper Green Mercy Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama; Huntsville Hospital, Alabama; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans; Tuskegee University, Alabama; UAB Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB School of Medicine’s Montgomery Internal Medicine and Selma Family Medicine programs, Birmingham, Alabama; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; University of South Alabama Health System, Mobile; and The University of Alabama College of Community Health Sciences/University Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "\n\nSouthEast Enrollment Center: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida; Emory University, Atlanta; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta; and the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium led by the University of Florida in Gainesville.", "\n\nAll of Us Wisconsin: Marshfield Clinic Research Institute; BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.", "\n\nNote: The All of Us Research Program plans to continue building the network of health care provider organizations over time to engage a large participant community that reflects the geographic, ethnic, racial and socioeconomic diversity of the country. ", "The network will include regional medical center, community health centers and medical centers operated by the US Department of Veterans Affairs.", "\n\nhttps://i2.wp.com/cchs.ua.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/24/files/2017/11/pmi-all-of-us-logo.jpg?fit=873%2C585&ssl=1585873gregrandallhttp://cchs.ua.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/24/files/2017/01/CCHS_CapstoneALogo_bbj.pnggregrandall2017-11-01 14:46:482017-11-01 14:46:48College part of national efforts to advance precision medicine\n\nThe College of Community Health Sciences hosted a panel discussion focused on rural health care challenges in Alabama during its October Board of Visitors meeting to share perspectives, brainstorm ideas and build collaborations.", "\n\nPanel members included: James Cowan, administrator of Choctaw General Hospital in Butler; W.O. Buddy Kirk, a retired district judge from Pickens County; Don Lilly, senior vice president of UAB Health System in Birmingham; Nisa Miranda, director of The University of Alabama Center for Economic Development; Wallace Strickland, CEO of Rush Health System in Meridian, Miss.; and R.B. Walker, director of Government Relations for UA.", "\n\nThe panel discussion was moderated by Pat Duggins, news director at Alabama Public Radio.", "\n\nThe Board of Visitors is made up of volunteers, including alumni, donors, community physicians and other friends of CCHS who help the College develop relationships and partnerships with Alabama communities and with organizations at the state and national levels.", "\n\n“Alabama is more rural than most of the US and the concern for sustaining rural communities and their health and economies is great. ", "So are the challenges,” said Dr. Richard Streiffer, dean of CCHS, as he provided a framework for the panel discussion. “", "Rural communities have populations that are older, sicker and poorer. ", "They have difficulty attracting and retaining young people and families because of a lack of jobs, inadequate education and few services and amenities. ", "Rural communities struggle to attract and retain physicians and other health-care professionals, and to support hospitals and health-care services.”", "\n\nIn Alabama, 55 of its 67 counties are considered rural. ", "There’s a critical shortage of doctors and other health-care professionals in rural counties, and eight counties have no hospital at all. ", "Over the last eight years, seven rural hospitals have closed in the state, placing Alabama near the top of the list for rural hospital closures nationwide.", "\n\nA key recurring theme during the panel discuss was the need for the state to include health care and rural hospitals in economic development efforts. “", "A hospital is an industry unto itself and should be recognized as that,” Strickland said. ", "Lilly added: “Hospitals are good economic development for the state. ", "When an industry comes, the state rolls out the red carpet.”", "\n\nWalker noted that larger employers in rural areas are generally school systems and hospitals. ", "Cowan pointed out that a single physician in a rural community can potentially create 23 additional jobs and $1 million in economic benefit for the local community. “", "It’s economic development worthy of the state’s attention,” he said.", "\n\n“It’s hard to recruit industry if you don’t have health care or a hospital,” Walker added. “", "The state needs to look at health care as part of the economy. ", "That’s the way to make it important to the Legislature.”", "\n\nMiranda said it might be difficult for officials to know how to bring hospitals, including rural hospitals, into the economic development equation because of the complex way that health care is financed, and because hospitals are often recognized not as an industry but as a public service. ", "She also said industrial recruitment is easier “because that structure is in place.”", "\n\nStrickland said better planning is needed to match health-care resources with health-care needs. “", "No health planning exists in this country, whether it’s a rural area or an urban area. ", "Right now, we’re scatter shooting.” ", "Lilly said there is likely duplication of services from one rural area to the next “so it’s not sustainable because there’s not the volume. ", "It’s like rural hospitals exist on an island.”", "\n\nPanel members stressed the importance of considering creative solutions.", "\n\nWalker said more programs are needed like one currently being launched by the College and Tuscaloosa Fire and Rescue Services that treats low-emergency conditions at the scene, reducing costly emergency room transports. ", "Cowen suggested telemedicine could bring needed health care to areas.", "\n\nStrickland explained that Rush Health System has, when building rural hospitals, placed admissions and cafeteria sections in space separate from traditional hospital space. ", "The reason – $110 per square foot in construction costs as compared to $300-plus per square foot typically required for in-patient space.", "\n\nIn addition, Strickland said Choctaw General Hospital in Butler, which is owned by Rush Health System, has “swing beds” that can switch from acute care status to skilled care status, something that Medicare provides coverage for and that particularly serves the needs of smaller hospitals and communities.", "\n\nLilly said some rural hospitals might need to provide emergency care only “so they can get the reimbursement they need to stay open.”", "\n\nCowan said it’s important for rural hospitals to be an active part of a community. ", "He said Choctaw General Hospital provides space for town hall meetings, and the cafeteria also operates as a place for the public to eat. “", "You have to engage with the community and keep it fresh and new. ", "You can’t just build it and they keep coming back. ", "You have to work at it.”", "\n\nKirk agreed, adding that it is important to get local citizens involved well before a rural hospital faces possible closure. “", "That speaks volumes to the Legislature and elected officials.”", "\n\nIn August, University Medical Center added a permanent location in Demopolis, Alabama, adjacent to the Bryan W. Whitfield Memorial Hospital, within the hospital’s outpatient facility. ", "The establishment of UMC-Demopolis is a way that the College of Community Health Sciences, which also operates UMC locations in Tuscaloosa and Northport, can help that community directly and support the local hospital, while also developing a model that combines a full spectrum rural practice with medical education – all linked to the larger infrastructure of University Medical Center and CCHS.", "\n\nTo celebrate the progress that has been made at the new location, the College hosted an open house October 19 within the UMC-Demopolis clinic. ", "Leadership from CCHS and UMC were in attendance, along with the hospital’s CEO, Arthur Evans, Board Chairman Rob Fleming, and Board Member Don Lilly, who is also Senior Vice Pre\n\nsident of Network Development and Affiliate Operations at UAB.", "\n\n“It’s important to be here for our entire community. ", "Demopolis has gotten in new business and major employers have made monetary commitments toward our development. ", "We just need a hospital. ", "That’s why there are so many people here. ", "Everyone here is committed to this town.” — ", "Hunter Compton, local civil lawyer\n\nThe clinic was packed at the open house with Demopolis citizens, including families with young children, as well as members of the City Council, the Rotary Club and city school representatives. ", "Also attending was state Rep. AJ McCampbell, whose district includes Demopolis.", "\n\nhttps://i0.wp.com/cchs.ua.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/24/files/2017/11/IMG_3292.jpg?fit=1920%2C1113&ssl=111131920gregrandallhttp://cchs.ua.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/24/files/2017/01/CCHS_CapstoneALogo_bbj.pnggregrandall2017-11-01 14:44:132017-11-01 14:44:13UMC-Demopolis hosts open house\n\nDr. Heidi Knoll, from Mountain Area Health Education Center in North Carolina, visited the College October 17 to present the IMPLICIT Interconception Care program. ", "IMPLICIT stands for Interventions to Minimize Preterm and Low birthweight Infants through Continuous Improvement Techniques.", "\n\nThe infant mortality rate in Alabama is 7.8 deaths per 1,000 births, compared to the US rate of 5.8 deaths per 1,000 births.", "\n\n“This [program] would work to improve those rates,” Knoll said. “", "This [program] is going to help babies be born into healthier families.”", "\n\nUniversity Medical Center, which the College operates, received a grant from the March of Dimes to start the IMPLICIT Network in Alabama. ", "IMPLICIT is a family medicine network that looks at modified risk and works to improve the health of pregnant women before pregnancy.", "\n\nThe modified risks identified by IMPLICIT are smoking, depression, family planning and multivitamin use. ", "The goal is to talk to women of childbearing age at primary care physician visits. ", "If the woman is already a mother, then she will be screened at well-child visits, from zero to 24 months, and if any factors are identified, the mother is connected with either a primary care physician or other resources. ", "If the woman plans on getting pregnant, she will be screened at primary care visits and introduced to preconception health visits to ensure a healthier pregnancy.", "\n\nThere are currently 25 sites nationwide in the IMPLICIT Network, but only a few locations in the South; UMC is the only location in Alabama. ", "Other Southern locations include the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson Mississippi, and locations in North Carolina, including MAHEC.", "\n\nDuring a presentation for the Mini Medical School Program, a lecture series the College of Community Health Sciences provides in collaboration with UA’s Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Dr. Ed Geno spoke about the identification and treatment of celiac disease.", "\n\n“What I’m going to do is take you on a journey of gluten through the body,” said Geno.", "\n\nThroughout the lecture, Geno described the various actions and reactions the human body goes through if a person has celiac disease or is gluten intolerant. ", "The symptoms of celiac disease are common and can often be interpreted as other diseases, making it difficult to diagnose. ", "Symptoms include: malabsorption, diarrhea, bloating, and vitamin deficiency.", "\n\n“You tend to see this disease in families,” said Geno. “", "It can occur in kids, and it can occur later in life as well.”", "\n\nBecause celiac disease can affect a wide-range of people and shows symptoms common to other diseases, it can be difficult to diagnose. ", "If a parent, sibling or child has celiac disease, it is wise to get screened.", "\n\nAbout 1 percent of the North American population has celiac disease and most people who suffer from gluten intolerance are not born with the disease, rather they develop it over time. ", "Once developed, the only treatment is to maintain a gluten-free diet. ", "Symptoms of celiac disease may resolve while being gluten-free, but the disease is lifelong.", "\n\nBeing gluten-free requires cutting any foods that contain wheat, rye, barley and malt. ", "This includes bread, pastas, beer, and even some over-the-counter medications.", "\n\nWhile many people can see health benefits of going gluten-free, it is very important to replace the nutrients lost by avoiding wheat in your diet. ", "There are alternative sources for carbohydrates, fiber, iron, and folic acid that are gluten-free. ", "Many of these sources are alternative grain products (such as rice, corn, or potato based products), green leafy vegetables, and meat, fish, and poultry.", "\n\nThe annual Pickens County Heart Walk took place in Gordo, Alabama, on Saturday, Oct. 28. ", "The walk was organized by members of the Pickens County community and sponsored by the American Heart Association. ", "The walk started and ended at Gordo City Hall and despite the cold and rain, attendance was good.", "\n\nAs part of the partnership between the College of Community Health Sciences and the American Heart Association, the Pickens County Partnership had a presence at the Pickens County Heart Walk. ", "The Pickens County Partnership offered handouts containing general information about the partnership as well as information about the Pickens County Medical Center Cardiac Rehab Clinic.", "\n\nAfter the walk, the College offered participants apple cinnamon chips, a seasonal and heart healthy snack.", "\n\nThe College hosts the Brussels Sprouts Challenge each year at the West Alabama Heart Walk in Tuscaloosa." ]

[ 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005917159763313609, 0.0051813471502590676, 0.019230769230769232, 0.01098901098901099, 0.006493506493506494, 0.00625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00641025641025641, 0.008620689655172414, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0.008771929824561403, 0.0189873417721519, 0.010416666666666666, 0.009009009009009009, 0.02346041055718475, 0.01532567049808429, 0.006535947712418301, 0.00510204081632653, 0.00847457627118644, 0.03524229074889868, 0, 0.01, 0, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0, 0.0036101083032490976, 0, 0.009259259259259259, 0.005865102639296188, 0.004081632653061225, 0, 0, 0, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0.012711864406779662, 0, 0, 0, 0.007434944237918215, 0, 0, 0, 0.012269938650306749, 0.01694915254237288, 0.012345679012345678, 0.020833333333333332, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0.0078125, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0.016717325227963525, 0.020080321285140562, 0.01675977653631285, 0.00392156862745098, 0.006896551724137931, 0.0054249547920434, 0.027777777777777776, 0.02197802197802198, 0.007575757575757576, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005714285714285714, 0, 0.016286644951140065, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0.041666666666666664, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0.010752688172043012, 0.010075566750629723, 0.013793103448275862, 0.03319502074688797, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0, 0, 0.013043478260869565, 0.012658227848101266, 0.0066518847006651885, 0, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0.014285714285714285, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013986013986013986, 0.019867549668874173, 0.018867924528301886, 0.011363636363636364, 0.006289308176100629, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008695652173913044, 0, 0.015463917525773196, 0.010810810810810811, 0.009259259259259259, 0.009433962264150943 ]

[ "Bolshoye Zakozye\n\nBolshoye Zakozye () is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolotorzhskoye Rural Settlement, Kirillovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. ", "The population was 18 as of 2002.", "\n\nGeography \nThe distance to Kirillov is 21 km, to Nikolsky Torzhok is 4 km. ", "Dulovo is the nearest rural locality.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast" ]

[ 0.01948051948051948, 0, 0.025974025974025976, 0, 0.017241379310344827 ]

[ "Q:\n\nProving a function is uniformly continuous knowing that $\\lim_{x\\to 1^+} f(x)=0$ and $\\lim_{x\\to 2^-} f(x)=3$\n\nLet $f:(1,2)\\longrightarrow{R}$ be a continuous function. ", "We know that $\\lim_{x\\to 1^+} f(x)=0$ and $\\lim_{x\\to 2^-} f(x)=3$. \nHow can I prove that $f$ is uniformly continuous? ", "I don't think I can use the definition of uniformly continuity to solve it, and I dont know what to do with $\\lim_{x\\to 1^+} f(x)=0$ and $\\lim_{x\\to 2^-} f(x)=3$\n\nA:\n\nEvery continuous function $g:[a, b]\\to \\mathbb{R}$ is uniformly continuous. ", "You can define \n$$\ng(x) = \n\\begin{cases}\nf(x)& x\\in (1, 2)\\\\\n0 & x = 1\\\\\n3 & x = 2\n\\end{cases}.", "\n$$\nThen, $f = g$ on the interval $(1,2)$. Now, since the two limits for your $f$ exist, you can prove that $g$ is continuous, thus uniformly continuous function.", "\n\nEDIT: How to prove that $g$ is continuous? ", "As mentioend in the commen, by definition, $g$ is continuous in point $x$ if $g(x) = \\lim_{x'\\to x} g(x')$. Say $x = 1$. Since $g(x') = f(x')$ for $x\\in (1,2)$, we have $$\\lim_{x'\\to 1} g(x') = \\lim_{x'\\to 1} f(x') = 0 = g(1)\\text{,}$$\nhence continuity in the point $x = 1$. Repeat this for $x = 2$.\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "from pyomo.environ import *\nfrom DiseaseEasy import model as easy_model\nfrom DiseaseHard import model as hard_model\n\neasy_instance = easy_model.create_instance('DiseaseEstimation.dat')\nhard_instance = hard_model.create_instance('DiseaseEstimation.dat')\n\n# solve the easier problem\nwith SolverFactory(\"ipopt\") as solver:\n solver.solve(easy_instance)\n\n# load the solution from the easy instance into the hard\n# instance to provide a good initial guess for the solver\nfor t in easy_instance.", "S_SI:\n hard_instance.", "I[t].value = easy_instance.", "I[t].value\n hard_instance.", "S[t].value = easy_instance.", "S[t].value\n hard_instance.eps_I[t].value = easy_instance.eps_I[t].value\nhard_instance.beta.value = easy_instance.beta.value\n\n# solve the hard problem with the new initialization\nwith SolverFactory(\"ipopt\") as solver:\n solver.solve(hard_instance)\n\nprint(\"Objective: %f\" % (hard_instance.objective()))\nprint(\"Alpha: %f\" % (hard_instance.alpha()))\nprint(\"Beta: %f\" % (hard_instance.beta()))\n" ]

[ 0.006109979633401222, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nVerb + Preposition + Clause or Verb + Clause?", "\n\nMy question is straightforward:\nShould I use a preposition between a clause for verbs that ask a preposition?", "\nExamples:\n\nI am afraid of that you are infected.", "\nI am afraid that you are infected\nI am clueless about who I am\nI am clueless who I am\n\nA:\n\nIt depends entirely on the requirements of the particular head-word (which are unpredictable, and just have to be learnt). ", "\nAfraid can take an \"of\" phrase (consisting of \"of\" + noun phrase), or it can take a \"that\" clause. ", "but \"of\" cannot take a \"that\" clause. ", "So your second example is grammatical, but your first is not. (", "I am afraid of the possibility that you are infected is grammatical, because \"the possibility ... \" is a noun phrase, and \"possisibility\" can take a \"that\" clause). ", "\n\"Clueless\" can take an \"about\" phrase; and \"about\" (in this sense) can also take an embedded question; so your third example is grammatical. ", "\nI am not certain about the grammaticality of your fourth example. ", "I think it is OK, and that \"clueless\" can take an embedded question; but I don't think I would say it myself.", "\nIf you substitute \"uncertain\" for \"clueless\", then both of them are fine.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nIs there any way to exclude library folders in worklight build-process?", "\n\nI'm using sencha touch.", "\nThis library is huge, more than 25MB, 2500 files.", "\nSo the build process is slow.", "\nAccording to here, we should minify the library to make build process fast.", "\nBut If I minify this library, debugging gets harder.", "\nI don't modify this library. ", "So after first build, worklight also doesn't need to do something for this library in build-process.", "\nIs there any way to exclude library folders in build-process?", "\n\nA:\n\nUnfortunately no, the Studio/CLI tools do not provide the ability to not-rebuild certain artifacts in a build process. ", "Each build request will re-request all artifacts and re-generate the resulting .wlapp/native folder.", "\nSounds like a good feature request: developer.ibm.com/mobilefirstplatform/help\nOn a personal note: I would just not use Sencha :-) in a world where you have jQuery Mobile, Bootstrap, Ionic, etc...\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008, 0, 0.010050251256281407 ]

[ "Homeless crisis: Murphy defends family hubs as better than hotels\n\nCritical report should be ‘seared into brain of every policy influencer’, says Fianna Fáil TD\n\nMinister for Housing Eoghan Murphy: ‘These facilities are not intended to be seen as a housing solution.’ ", "Photograph: Tom Honan\n\nMinister for Housing Eoghan Murphy has defended the use of family hubs for homeless people, saying they are more suitable than placing people in hotels.", "\n\nHe said the hubs were “not intended to be seen as a housing solution” and that more were being developed this year.", "\n\nThe Minister faced trenchant criticism as he opened a Dáil debate on Thursday on youth homelessness following the publication of the No Place Like Home report by the office of the Ombudsman for Children.", "\n\nThe report consulted children in family hubs who reported being ashamed, afraid, lonely and angry in the facilities – which each house multiple families, who are provided cooking and laundry facilities on site.", "\n\nFianna Fáil TD Pat Casey said the contents of the report “should be seared into the brain of every policy influencer in Ireland”. ", "He said it was a “living historical record of the shameful failure of the Government’s response to family homelessness”.", "\n\nHe said children should not feel ashamed about where they live but everyone in the Dáil and “every Minister should feel ashamed and embarrassed. ", "If Government policies are not working, they need to be changed or dumped immediately.”", "\n\nLabour housing spokeswoman Jan O’Sullivan said the Minister needed to have an emergency meeting of the homeless inter-agency group he had established to address the issues “these children have expressed so graphically”.", "\n\nPeople Before Profit TD Gino Kenny said a hub was an unnatural environment for children and while in the past there were “mother-and-baby homes, now there are hubs, bed-and-breakfast accommodation and hotels where children live”.", "\n\n‘Particularly disturbing’\n\nMr Murphy said the situation of children in emergency accommodation was “particularly disturbing” and that he would talk to local authorities and those who operate family hubs including the Peter McVerry Trust, Focus Ireland and the Salvation Army.", "\n\nThe Minister said their responses “will guide the further measures that must be taken”.", "\n\nHe would take the report’s recommendations “on board” and stressed that his department was already moving on some of its priorities, including instructing local authorities nationally about its “quality standards framework”, which “recognises the rights of children and provides that children are consulted regarding their needs”.", "\n\nThe Minister said “family hubs have been shown to not only provide a more suitable environment for families experiencing homelessness, but also have been proven to allow families to exit emergency accommodation far more quickly than would be the case if they were staying in a hotel or bed and breakfast”.", "\n\nMr Murphy added: “While these facilities provide more security and stability for homeless families than is possible in hotel accommodation, it is important to note that these facilities are not intended to be seen as a housing solution.”" ]

[ 0.011194029850746268, 0.011428571428571429, 0, 0.004878048780487805, 0, 0.007575757575757576, 0, 0, 0, 0.004524886877828055, 0.004329004329004329, 0.010830324909747292, 0, 0, 0, 0.0041841004184100415 ]

[ "Superior, Wyoming\n\nSuperior is a town in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. ", "The population was 336 at the 2010 census.", "\n\nGeography\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.", "\n\nDemographics\n\n2010 census\nAs of the census of 2010, there were 336 people, 131 households, and 87 families living in the town. ", "The population density was . ", "There were 181 housing units at an average density of . ", "The racial makeup of the town was 91.4% White, 0.6% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 2.7% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. ", "Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.8% of the population.", "\n\nThere were 131 households of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.6% were non-families. ", "29.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. ", "The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.16.", "\n\nThe median age in the town was 41.3 years. ", "28% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.3% were from 25 to 44; 34.5% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. ", "The gender makeup of the town was 53.6% male and 46.4% female.", "\n\n2000 census\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 244 people, 92 households, and 67 families living in the town. ", "The population density was 222.1 people per square mile (85.6/km²). ", "There were 153 housing units at an average density of 139.3 per square mile (53.7/km²). ", "The racial makeup of the town was 83.20% White, 2.05% Native American, 0.41% Pacific Islander, 9.02% from other races, and 5.33% from two or more races. ", "Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.16% of the population.", "\n\nThere were 92 households out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. ", "20.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 1.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. ", "The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.01.", "\n\nIn the town, the population was spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. ", "The median age was 39 years. ", "For every 100 females, there were 110.3 males. ", "For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.4 males.", "\n\nThe median income for a household in the town was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $50,625. ", "Males had a median income of $56,250 versus $30,833 for females. ", "The per capita income for the town was $17,157. ", "About 6.6% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 or over.", "\n\nGovernment\nThe mayor of Superior is Dominic Wolf.", "\n\nEducation\nPublic education in the town of Superior is provided by Sweetwater County School District #1.", "\n\nSuperior has a public library, a branch of the Sweetwater County Library System.", "\n\nNotable people\nFormer Wyoming Supreme Court Justice Richard V. Thomas was born in Superior in 1932.", "\nNational Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame Scholar Athlete for Wyoming 2002, Don Siler. ", "Don was inducted into the 2018 Rock Springs High School Hall of Fame as a member and captain of the undefeated 2001-2002 back-to-back state championship football teams.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nHistory of Superior\nHistoric photos of Superior\n\nCategory:Towns in Sweetwater County, Wyoming\nCategory:Towns in Wyoming" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0196078431372549, 0.01904761904761905, 0.012195121951219513, 0.0297029702970297, 0.02, 0.005952380952380952, 0.006756756756756757 ]

[ "Q:\n\nLogin using cookies is not working in ASP.net\n\nI am trying to make a login system based on cookies (not to sing out when the page closes or refreshed) \nthis is the code behind the Login.aspx.cs:\n string cmdText = \"SELECT Username,Role FROM Login WHERE Username = '\" + TextBox1.Text + \"' AND Password = '\" + TextBox2.Text + \"'\";\n\n string username = \"\";\n string role = \"\";\n using (SqlCommand SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(cmdText, connectionstring))\n {\n SqlDataReader myReader;\n connectionstring.", "Open();\n myReader = SelectCommand.", "ExecuteReader();\n\n while (myReader.", "Read())\n {\n username = myReader[\"username\"].ToString();\n role = myReader[\"role\"].ToString();\n }\n\n myReader.", "Close();\n\n if (!", "string.", "IsNullOrEmpty(username))\n {\n string script = \"alert(\\\"Login successful!\\\");\";\n ScriptManager.", "RegisterStartupScript(this, GetType(), \"ServerControlScript\", script, true);\n connectionstring.", "Close();\n\n //STORE userinfo into cookie,set cookie Expires 1 day more\n Response.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Path = username;\n Response.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Expires = DateTime.", "Now.", "AddDays(1);\n Response.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Path = \"/\";\n\n Response.", "Cookies[\"role\"].Path = role;\n Response.", "Cookies[\"role\"].Expires = DateTime.", "Now.", "AddDays(1);\n Response.", "Cookies[\"role\"].Path = \"/\";\n\n if (role.", "Equals(\"admin\"))\n {\n Response.", "Redirect(\"admin.aspx\");\n\n Label1.Text = \"admin\";\n\n }\n\n if (role.", "Equals(\"doctor\"))\n {\n Response.", "Redirect(\"doctor.aspx\");\n Label1.Text = \"doc\";\n }\n\n if (role.equals(\"patient\"))\n {\n Response.", "Redirect(\"patient.aspx\");\n }\n\n }\n else\n {\n string script = \"alert(\\\"Login Failed!\\\");\";\n ScriptManager.", "RegisterStartupScript(this, GetType(), \"ServerControlScript\", script, true);\n connectionstring.", "Close();\n }\n }\n }\n\nbut looks like I am having problems in redirecting to the page I want.", "\nwhen I enter username and password for the role of admin. ", "It says login successful but doesnt proceed to the admin page. ", "\nWhy is it so? ", "Am I missing something? ", "\nFor admin(and other pages) I use this code to read the cookies\n string role = \"\";\n string username = \"\";\n if (Request.", "Cookies[\"role\"] !", "= null)\n {\n role = Request.", "Cookies[\"role\"].Value;\n\n }\n\n if (Request.", "Cookies[\"role\"] !", "= null)\n { \n username = Request.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Value;\n }\n\n if (role == \"patient \")\n { \n //SET control visible=false if no right.", "\n Button1.Visible = false;\n }\n\nand this to edit cookies after login and/or after the user sings out\n //create cookie\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Value = Server.", "UrlEncode(\"abc\");\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Expires = DateTime.", "Now.", "AddDays(1);\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Path = \"/\";\n\n//modify cookie value\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Value = Server.", "UrlEncode(\"def\");;\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Expires = DateTime.", "Now.", "AddDays(1);\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Path = \"/\";\n\n//delete cookie value\n//delete cookie infact is set Expires is past day DateTime.", "Now.", "AddDays(-1);\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Value = Server.", "UrlEncode(\"def\");\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Expires = DateTime.", "Now.", "AddDays(-1);\nResponse.", "Cookies[\"username\"].Path = \"/\";\n\n//checking if cookie exist and reading it.", "\n if (Request.", "Cookies[\"role\"] !", "= null)\n {\n role = Server.", "UrlDecode(Request.", "Cookies[\"role\"].Value);\n\n }\n\nbut looks like I am missing something which I am not understanding. ", "I think the problem is at if function, here:\n if (role.", "Equals(\"admin\"))\n\nany suggestion? ", "is this the right way to use cookies? ", "\n\nA:\n\nWhy re-invent the wheel? ", "asp.net has all this functionality built-in already. ", "And as your code is now it is very vulnerable to SQL injection and your cookies are probably not secure. ", "Google asp net authentication\nThis simple tutorial can show you how to get started: http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/syedshakeer/formsauthentication-in-Asp-Net/\nYou will also need to create a database for storing the user, passwords, roles etc. ", "This article can help you with that: https://www.asp.net/web-forms/overview/older-versions-security/membership/creating-the-membership-schema-in-sql-server-vb\nAlso if you create a new Project in Visual Studio it will add a login form (and more) so you can use that as an example. ", "File > New Project > Web > ASP.NET Web Application\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.043478260869565216, 0.0058823529411764705, 0, 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0055248618784530384, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008620689655172414, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0.05555555555555555, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0.003968253968253968, 0.007142857142857143, 0 ]

[ "This invention relates to a system for correcting a positional error in a numerical control device of the type used to control a machine tool.", "\nWhen controlling the feed of a workpiece table in a machine tool such as a lathe, positional errors stemming from such mechanical phenomena as pitch error and backlash occur. ", "A numerical control device ordinarily is furnished with pitch error and backlash correction functions that the numerical control device relies upon to correct positional errors when controlling a machine tool. ", "One method of correcting pitch error is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "50-63381 published May 29, 1975, in which the correction is effected by purely electrical means. ", "Specifically, a mechanically movable body has several socalled control axes along which the body can be moved. ", "The body may, for example, be capable of movement along the X and Y axes. ", "In the aforesaid method, the range of movement along each axis is divided into a plurality of segments. ", "For example, the movable range of the body along the X-axis is divided into AX.sub.i segments(where i=1, 2, . . . ), ", "and pitch error correction factors EX.sub.i (i=i, 2, . . . ) ", "are stored in memory so as to correspond to each of said segments. ", "Then, when the movable body is moved along the X-axis so that the current position of the body lies on a prescribed segment EX.sub.i, the pitch error correction factor EX.sub.i corresponding to that segment is read out of the memory, the current position of the body along the X-axis being corrected on the basis of the correction factor EX.sub.i and the direction of movement, i.e., in the plus or minus direction. ", "This method enables the correction along the X-axis to be effected in a highly accurate manner without requiring such mechanical elements as dogs and limit switches.", "\nA characteristic of the aforesaid conventional pitch error correction system is that the pitch error correction factor for a correction along one control axis, such as the correction factor EX.sub.i for the X-axis, depends solely upon the current position of the movable body on said axis and is independent of the current position along the other axes, such as the Y-axis in the above example. ", "In other words, in the foregoing correction system, pitch error correction factors E.sub.x, E.sub.y, E.sub.z for corrections along the respective X, Y and Z axes are expressed as follows: E.sub.x =f.sub.x (x), E.sub.y =f.sub.y (y), E.sub.z =f.sub.z (z). ", "This means that a highly precise positional correction cannot be performed with the conventional system described above in a case where the pitch error correction factor for a certain control axis depends not only upon the current position along said control axis, but upon the current position of the movable body along the other control axes as well." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nself.scene.view.paused = YES within update\n\nI am making a game in which when 2 objects (object A and B) collide, the game gets over. ", "Object A's position changes each time update is called. ", "Object B's position is the same. ", "The code is:\n[self enumerateChildNodesWithName:@\"objA\" usingBlock:^(SKNode *node, BOOL *stop) {\n\n if ([objB intersectsNode:node])\n {\n\n [node removeFromParent];\n [self GameOver];\n\n }\n\nThe problem is: I want objA NOT to disappear after the collision. ", "So, for that I removed [node removeFromParent]; , but since update is called again and again. ", "My number of nodes increases and the sound that i have added never seems to end. ", "So, what i tried was adding:\n[self performSelector:@selector(pauseGame) withObject:Nil afterDelay:0.1];\n\n-(void) pauseGame\n{\nself.scene.view.paused = YES;\n\n[self performSelector:@selector(gameOver) withObject:Nil afterDelay:0.1]; \n\n}\n\nI had to use performSelector with delay, because putting self.scene.view.paused = YES; within the update wouldn't allow me to go to gameOver. ", "However, I do not want any delays! ", "is there a way to do this??", "\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nJust use a state variable in your scene which will indicate the current state. ", "\nUse this state to run updates on your scene objects.", "\nFor example (pseudocode) :\nupdate() \n if (state == GAME_PLAY) {\n // Update relevant game nodes\n } else if (state == GAME_OVER) {\n // Update only what needs to be updated when the game is over\n }\n\nThis way you do not need to stop your entire scene and add only what is relevant to the current game state\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.003676470588235294, 0, 0, 0.005249343832020997, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nOpen Source Country Region Selector in JS\n\nI am working on a library/framework for my project. ", " I would like to do a Country selector, \nUser picks USA it then populates a States box with all states\nUser picks Canada it then populates another box with all regions for Canada\nUser picks Mexico it then populates another box with all regions for Mexico\nUser picks UK it then populates another box with all regions for UK\netc... you get the idea, since it is going to be part of a framework/library I would like to make it ass complete and easy to use. ", " SO I would like to add many different country and region combinations\nAlso if this is used in a project where the values are saved into a database or file or anywhere as a user setting, then when the page loads and a value is available, it should pre-populate the correct selection boxes and have the correct Country and region selected already.", "\nNow I know Javascript is required, and I am using jQuery so It might be best to use jQuery, and also PHP.", "\nSome questions...\n1)\nOn a personal project, I would probably store all the country and region combinations in a MySQL database however since I want to have this be more of a drop in solution, would it be best to store a file containing ever Country option in a PHP array and then have each set of regions in a separate file as an array. ", "\nSo the United States would have a separate file that would contain a PHP array of the 50 states, Canada would have a file with all it's different staes/regions etc.. Or is there a better way?", "\n OR should I go ahead and just store all this in MySQL or SQLite and provide the proper tables with the code\n2)\nBased off tutorials and stuff I think I can figure out how to make a Region/State selection box populate based off the Country that is selected from another selection box however, if a user have previously selected United States and New York, how would I go about making sure the first box is selected United States and the second box has loaded the file/contents for United States regions/states and then selected the proper states in that list\n3)\nDo you know of anything that exist like this already to help me more or if you would like to contribute anything even getting me in the right direction will help and be greatly appreciated\n\nA:\n\nGoogle for javascript country state dropdown and you'll find lots of solutions. ", "The first one at http://javascriptsource.com/forms/country-state-drop-down.html already seems pretty reasonable. ", "It stores all the data in the JavaScript code—after all, there are not that many combinations. ", "For countries where it lacks state/region information, the user can enter an arbitrary region.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0.0022026431718061676, 0, 0.03773584905660377, 0.0058997050147492625, 0.005208333333333333, 0.0011961722488038277, 0.008849557522123894, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0 ]

[ "A woman has been shot in the head at the intersection of South Fourth St. and Kentucky St. on Jan. 16., ", "police said.", "\n\nLOUISVILLE, Ky. — (WHAS11) -- The Louisville Metro Police Department made an arrest in connection to a shooting that happened in Old Louisville on Jan. 16.", "\n\nAccording to LMPD, a woman has been shot in the head at the intersection of South Fourth St. and Kentucky St. She was transported to University Hospital in critical condition.", "\n\nTwenty-seven-year-old Keturah Dixon is charged with attempted murder and assault.", "\n\nAccording to a police report, Dixon was involved in a domestic dispute with the woman and fired one shot that led to life-threatening injuries." ]

[ 0, 0, 0.006369426751592357, 0.011299435028248588, 0.012048192771084338, 0.006896551724137931 ]

[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-04212}\n===============\n\nSynagogues are unique monuments that can turn the areas where they are situated into attractive areas for tourism due to the unique characteristics that they offer. ", "In the cultural literature, synagogues are important heritage sites that unite key factors of society such as religion and culture. ", "They are one of the most important and least studied fields of multidisciplinary research this decade \\[[@B1-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Tourism at synagogues can be seen to be a very specific type of cultural tourism for Jewish heritage, which is included in heritage tourism \\[[@B2-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This type of tourism has gained importance in recent years \\[[@B3-ijerph-17-04212]\\], and studies related to the diaspora can be found (for example, \\[[@B4-ijerph-17-04212]\\]). ", "This new interest has influenced studies into the concept of legacy, such as Jews who travel to sites of the Holocaust (\\[[@B5-ijerph-17-04212],[@B6-ijerph-17-04212]\\]). ", "In Europe, Spain is a tourist destination related to this Jewish legacy (see \\[[@B7-ijerph-17-04212],[@B8-ijerph-17-04212]\\]). ", "The increase in the number of Jewish descendants who want to connect with their historical legacy presents a growing opportunity for tourism in Europe, and adequate marketing strategies for this type of heritage have consequently been proposed \\[[@B9-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nCórdoba is an important, historic city that attracts cultural tourists from all over the world and is in the process of specializing in niche markets, such as Jewish heritage tourism. ", "The city wants to strengthen and diversify its position as an international destination for cultural tourism for minority groups. ", "The synagogue in Córdoba is a one of the most important cultural, religious and architectural Jewish heritage sites in Spain \\[[@B10-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "It has been recognized as a monument of Cultural Interest and is also part of the Historic Centre of Córdoba, which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994 and has become the most-visited Jewish monument in the city of Córdoba, having had a total of 555,325 visitors in 2019 \\[[@B11-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The importance of this monument can be seen from the increase of more than 200,000 visitors to the monument in 2015. ", "This represents an annual growth of 12.14% in 2015. ", "In following years, the number of visitors continued to grow, with increases of more than 5% per year reaching a total of 617,200 visits \\[[@B11-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This monument must be studied in order to promote and manage it effectively from an ethnical point of view. ", "There are many different ways to manage the business aspects of this type of heritage site for minority groups. ", "Each management style will have different perceptions, beliefs, and processes, which, if not chosen correctly, could lead to a mistaken business development plan and, in extreme cases, hinder or prevent plans for cultural tourism by minority communities \\[[@B12-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nThe theoretical model used for this study is the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) \\[[@B13-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This model uses regular surveys to measure the level of satisfaction of American customers with national products and services. ", "Customer satisfaction is measured on a scale from zero to 10, and the results gathered can be used to compare the companies and organizations in any business sector. ", "The model has been used to measure customer loyalty in different areas such as health \\[[@B14-ijerph-17-04212]\\], online shopping \\[[@B15-ijerph-17-04212]\\], or banking \\[[@B16-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This model has been widely used to study the tourism sector \\[[@B17-ijerph-17-04212],[@B18-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nThe aim of this article is to contribute to the existing literature in two ways. ", "The first is with a review of tourism in synagogues and secondly, in a more practical manner, by providing ideas about heritage site management and cultural tourism for minority groups. ", "These ideas help to improve the information available about the complexity of Jewish heritage tourism by using a theoretical model with a case study which analyzes the loyalty of tourists from minority groups, as mistaken management and advertising choices could promote negative aspects such as commercial exploitation, creating hierarchies and misunderstandings \\[[@B19-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "However, this type of tourism also presents opportunities for economic diversity and historical investigation, while accepting cultural diversity and minority groups. ", "The satisfaction of tourists and their opinions about the perceived value of the Synagogue and the destination can be used to make recommendations, which can be useful for the different public and private entities are interested in promoting and improving this type of tourism. ", "The information is given after analyzing how different factors influence the management and promotion of cultural tourism. ", "Previous studies into ethnic minorities exist \\[[@B19-ijerph-17-04212],[@B20-ijerph-17-04212],[@B21-ijerph-17-04212]\\] but there are few that study this topic in Spain \\[[@B7-ijerph-17-04212],[@B22-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and none of these use the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI). ", "There are studies which relate heritage and tourism with authenticity and loyalty at a destination \\[[@B23-ijerph-17-04212]\\], motivation and satisfaction \\[[@B24-ijerph-17-04212]\\], perceived value and loyalty \\[[@B25-ijerph-17-04212]\\], experience, satisfaction and tourist behavior \\[[@B26-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and satisfaction and loyalty \\[[@B27-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "However, there are no studies which measure satisfaction, perceived value and real value with loyalty to a heritage site and a synagogue with the type of cultural tourists that are investigated in this paper. ", "Different points of view, approaches and ideas have been presented for the management of cultural assets from a cultural perspective. ", "However, an important factor must be kept in mind when managing and promoting this type of tourism. ", "These monuments have historical Jewish traditions and heritage and this factor can increase the loyalty of tourists. ", "Therefore, this article also contributes to the literature on the management of heritage sites, because the opinions and criteria of the community that built and managed the site in the past may not have been taken into account. ", "This consideration can help to find the management models that achieve higher levels of loyalty for a historically Jewish heritage site. ", "The following investigation question is a result of these considerations: Do the tourist activities available at the Synagogue make tourists feel loyal to the site, as defined in the ACSI model, which takes into account perceived quality, perceived value and satisfaction?", "\n\n2. ", "Synagogues and Heritage Tourism {#sec2-ijerph-17-04212}\n==================================\n\nSynagogue tourism implies the special interest of tourists in learning about and experiencing a particular type of heritage. ", "This type of tourism is the result of ideas about inheritance and legacy, and the tourist's feelings of belonging, nostalgia and identity \\[[@B28-ijerph-17-04212],[@B29-ijerph-17-04212],[@B30-ijerph-17-04212],[@B31-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This type of tourist has a special interest in learning and getting in touch with a particular type of heritage. ", "A wide range of tourism opportunities exist in a variety of countries such as Spain, the UK, Ireland, Germany and China with products offering trips and events related to legacy or heritage, family history and the genealogical interests of the customers \\[[@B4-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This type of tourist can be interested in an extremely wide range of places, which include heritage beyond museums and places of historical interest, visits to churches, old houses and rural landscapes or synagogues with which tourists feel a personal connection, and which are not necessarily conventional tourist attractions \\[[@B32-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nHistoric synagogues are heritage sites and, as such, are a resource for tourism \\[[@B33-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "In general terms, the academic literature on synagogue tourism is very scarce. ", "The first indications of tourism carried out in synagogues date from the Second World War in the Warsaw ghetto with the visits of the first German Nazi \"tourists\" \\[[@B34-ijerph-17-04212],[@B35-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Studies into this type of tourism are varied, ranging from historical perspectives \\[[@B36-ijerph-17-04212]\\], employment \\[[@B37-ijerph-17-04212]\\], or the management of Jewish heritage \\[[@B38-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Studies on synagogues in Spain have focused on the historical and archaeological areas, as well as an artistic point of view \\[[@B22-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The Gazette of the Royal Academy of History contains texts from the 19th century regarding the Jewish aljama of Solsona \\[[@B39-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The first paper on the synagogue of Córdoba was written by Castilla \\[[@B40-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and reported on the research (in 1878) into the artistic elements in the synagogue \\[[@B41-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "There are also archeological studies \\[[@B42-ijerph-17-04212]\\] about the Synagogue of Castillo de Lorca (Murcia). ", "In addition to the studies mentioned from the 19th century, there have been others about the architectural intervention in the Synagogue of Valencia de Alcántara (Cáceres) \\[[@B43-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Other researchers \\[[@B44-ijerph-17-04212]\\] have investigated the design and buildings of the network of Jewish Quarters in Spain for tourism purposes. ", "The Jewish quarters of 24 cities were investigated along with the main monuments there. ", "Not all the monuments are necessarily related to the Jewish world, but merely share the history and culture of the setting. ", "There are also links to Jewish-inspired foods. ", "It is possible to visit wineries where Kosher wine is produced and sold. ", "The elements which have the biggest impact on tourist satisfaction are studied for both heritage and gastronomic tourism \\[[@B45-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nHeritage is usually classified and managed according to the meaning and value it is given locally and globally \\[[@B46-ijerph-17-04212],[@B47-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Heritage management and tourism management methods can come into conflict because of different factors, such as religion, culture and politics, which can cause the division and segmentation of the communities involved \\[[@B48-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nStudies into cultural tourism and heritage management analyze the impact that cultural diversity at tourist destinations can have on the evolution of tourism in different places \\[[@B49-ijerph-17-04212],[@B50-ijerph-17-04212],[@B51-ijerph-17-04212],[@B52-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "In fact, past or present multicultural heritage can be an important asset when designing new tourism offers, and also for the diversification or renewal of the destination's image \\[[@B53-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The literature on this subject shows how synagogues can be considered as interesting heritage destinations for tourism.", "\n\n3. ", "Theoretical Foundation: Expected and Perceived Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty {#sec3-ijerph-17-04212}\n====================================================================================================\n\nThe relationship between a customer and a company implies that the customer assesses various aspects of the interaction \\[[@B54-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Studies have been carried out into this relationship \\[[@B55-ijerph-17-04212],[@B56-ijerph-17-04212],[@B57-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and have shown that the customer's relationship with a company is the result of a variety of different factors. ", "The customer's appraisal of the company's management of the relationship is important in the literature on marketing because there is no single factor that can evaluate the relationship independently \\[[@B58-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Marketing is important for all organizations because creating and maintaining high-quality relationships with customers can have positive results for the company, such as customer cooperation, word of mouth promotion and increases in sales \\[[@B58-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Therefore, following commitment theory, the relationship mediators that promote loyalty are expected quality \\[[@B59-ijerph-17-04212]\\], perceived quality \\[[@B60-ijerph-17-04212]\\], perceived value \\[[@B61-ijerph-17-04212]\\], satisfaction \\[[@B62-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and motivation \\[[@B63-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nStudies have shown that loyalty to a visited place is directly related to the satisfaction and opinion of the visitor \\[[@B64-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Studies which analyze loyalty in tourism have mainly looked into the attitude and intention of the visitor \\[[@B65-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Academic studies can be grouped into two categories due to how loyalty is examined. ", "The first group investigates repeat purchases, that is to say, tourists returning to a destination. ", "The second, and far more interesting, group takes loyalty to mean recommending the tourist destination to other future tourists \\[[@B49-ijerph-17-04212],[@B66-ijerph-17-04212],[@B67-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This means that the tourist feels a connection with a destination and intends to visit it again in the future, while also recommending it to third parties \\[[@B68-ijerph-17-04212],[@B69-ijerph-17-04212],[@B70-ijerph-17-04212],[@B71-ijerph-17-04212],[@B72-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "It should be pointed out that there are authors who warn that a tourist's desire for new experiences may counteract the loyalty shown to the destination \\[[@B73-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Studies which investigate loyalty to cultural heritage are mainly cognitive and use structural equations to predict intentions to return to or recommend a destination \\[[@B74-ijerph-17-04212],[@B75-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nHow comfortable the tourist felt at the destination and the monument visited is one of the most important factors when deciding to return to a destination, and therefore for visitor loyalty \\[[@B67-ijerph-17-04212],[@B72-ijerph-17-04212],[@B76-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The perceived quality is usually considered one of the most important factors in research on tourist behavior \\[[@B77-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Researchers define perceived quality as the overall accumulation of the tourist's feelings about the experience at a destination \\[[@B78-ijerph-17-04212],[@B79-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Tourists value their experience as positive or negative for different attributes of the monument or destination \\[[@B80-ijerph-17-04212]\\] Following on from this idea, the perceived value of a destination by a visitor is considered to be the most important indicator of their intentions to return to the chosen destination. ", "It is possible that a customer does not buy a product or service because it is not considered value for money as the perceived value is not adequate for the price asked \\[[@B81-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Studies by different authors explain that perceived value measures a tourist's general assessment of their experience at a destination from the feelings they had there \\[[@B82-ijerph-17-04212],[@B83-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "F.J. Cossío-Silva, M.A. Revilla-Camacho, and M. Vega-Vázquez (2018) obtain a realistic idea of tourist behavior by means of this variable and the results obtained can be useful for public institutions and organizations that offer tourism \\[[@B84-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Customers who are aware of the value of a service or product sometimes expect particular benefits from it \\[[@B85-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "For this reason, perceived value is related to the usefulness of a purchase because the purchase has intrinsic benefits that satisfy the buyer's needs \\[[@B82-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "A tourist who is interested in value will look for information and contemplate the idea fully before making a decision \\[[@B86-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This means that perceived value affects the decisions of customers \\[[@B87-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Perceived value can positively affect the loyalty of a customer \\[[@B81-ijerph-17-04212]\\] because customers who are aware of the value of a service make positive judgements about it, relating value to price and critically assessing all options.", "\n\n4. ", "Hypothesis {#sec4-ijerph-17-04212}\n=============\n\nLoyalty is an important aspect to take into account because it is directly connected to the cost efficiency of products and services \\[[@B13-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "It includes variables which have an impact on the intention of tourists to visit a cultural heritage site and recommend it to others. ", "The proposed model for this study uses four variables to measure the loyalty of Jewish tourists at the Synagogue in Córdoba: 1) The perceived quality of the attributes of the product and service. ", "Giving a value to this variable implies the product or service has been used recently. ", "2) The expected quality measures that the customer expects to obtain when buying a product or service. ", "The value given to this variable represents any past experience with or reference to a product or service \\[[@B13-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "3) The perceived value refers to the advantages that a customer believes have been given by a product or service \\[[@B88-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Goyhenetche (1999) states that this also implies that, with this value, the customer is also evaluating how well a product corresponds to the expected benefits \\[[@B89-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The tourist experience gives value to how well what the tourist expected matches what they receive. ", "4) Customer satisfaction is a measure that takes into account the number of people that say they will not change their product supplier or service provider or would pay more for the product or service received.", "\n\nThe below hypotheses were formulated after the literature review above (see [Figure 1](#ijerph-17-04212-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n*The quality expected by the tourist of Jewish heritage significantly influences the perceived quality of the visited Jewish cultural heritage site.*", "\n\n*The quality expected by the tourist of Jewish heritage significantly influences the perceived value of the visited Jewish cultural heritage site.*", "\n\n*The quality perceived by the tourist of Jewish heritage significantly influences the satisfaction of the tourist with the visited Jewish cultural heritage site.*", "\n\n*The value perceived by the tourist of Jewish heritage significantly influences the satisfaction of the tourist with the visited Jewish cultural heritage site.*", "\n\n*The tourist's satisfaction with the visited Jewish heritage site significantly influences their loyalty.*", "\n\n5. ", "Methodology {#sec5-ijerph-17-04212}\n==============\n\n5.1. ", "Data Collection and Sampling {#sec5dot1-ijerph-17-04212}\n---------------------------------\n\nThe study was carried out in Córdoba, in the south of Spain. ", "The synagogue in Córdoba is significant from cultural, touristic and architectural points of view \\[[@B10-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This heritage site is exceptional due to the excellent conservation work carried out on its original plasterwork from Toledo, which dates from 1314 \\[[@B90-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and because its original architectural distribution has never been modified. ", "It is, in fact, the most well-preserved medieval synagogue in Spain \\[[@B91-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nData was collected by means of a questionnaire, which was given to tourists at the end of their visit to the synagogue. ", "The essential requirement for participation in the data collection phase was that the tourist had to be Jewish. ", "In order to guarantee the validity of the questionnaire, the questions used were based on those from similar previous studies \\[[@B92-ijerph-17-04212],[@B93-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "A structured questionnaire was chosen as the most adequate data collection method for this study. ", "In an initial phase, data collection was carried out with a pilot sample in order to collect the information while following the research aims. ", "The information from the pilot sample was collected and its internal consistency was rigorously analyzed. ", "A self-administered, closed questionnaire was selected as the most appropriate method of data collection, with the items being chosen from similar previous studies \\[[@B94-ijerph-17-04212],[@B95-ijerph-17-04212],[@B96-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The validity of the survey was thus guaranteed and, lastly, two groups of experts (three researchers from the area of tourism and four professionals in tourist activities) evaluated and helped to choose the elements. ", "The validity of the constructed items was therefore verified twice.", "\n\n5.2. ", "Measures and Methodology {#sec5dot2-ijerph-17-04212}\n-----------------------------\n\nThe questionnaire had six sections. ", "The first had questions about the demographic profile of the tourist. ", "The following sections included questions about the tourist's prior expectations, quality of the destination, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty, which means their intention to return or recommend a visit to the destination/synagogue. ", "The questions in the first four parts of the questionnaire, regarding expected quality, perceived quality, expected value, satisfaction with the destination and visitor loyalty, used a seven-point Likert scale with one being the most negative response and seven being the most positive. ", "The team of surveyors informed the tourists about the research goal and requested their participation, voluntarily, in the study before starting the survey. ", "Following this, the tourists responded to the questionnaire in their native language or, if this was not possible, in one that they spoke fluently. ", "The consistency of the questionnaire was analyzed with the calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each construct, and for the entire questionnaire, which was composed of 79 items grouped into five question groups. ", "The collection of the sample data was carried out by means of a questionnaire applied individually and at different times during the morning, afternoon and night. ", "The sample was chosen exclusively from tourists with Jewish heritage who visited the monument because they have a direct relationship with the cultural heritage. ", "For the fifth part, socio-demographic profile and travel details, closed questions were used. ", "The Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated for each one of the constructs (expected quality (0,696), perceived quality (0,790), perceived value (0,682), satisfaction (0,725), loyalty (0,760)) exceeded 0.6 and, as such, it is acceptable, according to \\[[@B80-ijerph-17-04212]\\], who consider a scale to be acceptable if its Cronbach alpha coefficient is above 0.7. ", "The survey was carried out in the month of April 2019, by means of a non-probability sample with intentional quotas. ", "The number of valid questionnaires was 350 in total and, with these, a confidence level of 95% was obtained, as well as a sample error of 3.17%.", "\n\nIn tourism research, study variables, such as expected quality, perceived quality, the value of the tourist destination, the satisfaction of tourists and loyalty, cannot be directly measured. ", "As such, these have to be measured by means of other observable variables. ", "The structural equation models allow researchers to estimate relationships of multiple dependence and represent these relationships using unobserved or latent variables, bearing in mind the measurement errors in the estimation process \\[[@B80-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "As such, the methodology used in this study is based on structural equation models.", "\n\nThe research data was tabulated and analyzed using IBM SPSS 23 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) statistical software and the estimations of the structural equations were completed using IBM SPSS Amos 23. ", "The initial model was designed (see the previous [Figure 1](#ijerph-17-04212-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}) by basing it on the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) and includes the observed and latent variables. ", "In [Table 1](#ijerph-17-04212-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}, the unobserved and latent variables and the measurement errors of the proposed model are shown.", "\n\nIn [Figure 2](#ijerph-17-04212-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}, we can see the final model. ", "The model of Maximum Likelihood (ML) was used to estimate the model. ", "This includes the perturbation terms, the regression coefficients (these represent the relationship between exogenous and endogenous latent variables), as well as the relationship between those variables among themselves, as detailed in [Table 2](#ijerph-17-04212-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}.", "\n\nFollowing the recommendations in the literature, multiple indicators were used to assess the model fit \\[[@B82-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The most common techniques are the chi-squared ratio regarding the degrees of freedom (CMIN/DF), the chi-squared change among alternative models, the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). ", "The values of these goodness of fit statistics (CFI, GFI) generally vary between zero and one, with one indicating a perfect fit. ", "Values greater than 0.9 suggest a satisfactory fit between theoretical structures and empirical data and values of 0.95 or greater suggest an optimal fit.", "\n\nLastly, besides the consideration of the model of fit, attention should be paid to the significance of the estimated parameters. ", "These are like the regression coefficients. ", "It would be nonsensical to consider a model that fits the data well but had fewer significant coefficients.", "\n\nAfter validation, the valuation indices of the latent variables (ILV)---related to the perception and the expectation the tourist has of the destination as well as the perceived value, loyalty and satisfaction---were used as the weighted average, wherein every measurable variable is weighed through its coefficient with the corresponding latent variable in the estimated model:\n\n*λ~ij~* is the standardized coefficient between the latent variable *y~i~* and the measurable variable *x~ij~*. ", "The value *y~ik~*, calculated by every observation, is the average estimated value of each latent variable. ", "The results obtained with this method are presented on a Likert-type scale, which, by presenting different ranges of definition, has been scaled to be expressed on a scale of one to seven.", "\n\nThis shall allow us to estimate a value for each latent variable, in which each one of the latent variables can be assessed quantitatively.", "\n\nThe descriptive analysis of the data collected in the first part of the questionnaire leads us to the conclusions that most of the tourists who travelled in the spring of 2019 were middle-aged, as 47.3% of them were between 40 and 59 years of age, with a slightly higher number of men (54.1%), while the majority of them had a higher education degree (53.3%). ", "The sample was intentionally distributed by nationality. ", "This way, we could assure that the distribution of national and foreign tourists would be similar to the one observed in the year 2018 (42.2% foreign tourists and 57.8% domestic tourists), so that, from the sample created by 350 valid questionnaires, 148 people surveyed were foreigners. ", "In total, 37% were visiting the city for the first time. ", "Most of them were staying in hotels and tourist apartments (55.1%).", "\n\nIn terms of satisfaction with the visit to the Synagogue of Córdoba, it is high (7.3 out of 10), as is the experience within the surroundings of the Synagogue. ", "However, low scores are highlighted in the answers in terms of meeting the expectations of the tourists' visit to the synagogue of Córdoba (6.57 out of 10), with the experience in the Synagogue being better scored than prior expectations. ", "Additionally, tourists highlighted the degree of preservation, along with the prestige of this heritage site. ", "They stated that the degree of perceived quality had surpassed their expectations.", "\n\n6. ", "Results {#sec6-ijerph-17-04212}\n==========\n\nIn [Table 2](#ijerph-17-04212-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}, we show the relationship between the observed and latent variables. ", "The structural coefficients of the normalized model have also been calculated.", "\n\nIn relation to latent variables, we can observe, in [Table 3](#ijerph-17-04212-t003){ref-type=\"table\"} and [Figure 3](#ijerph-17-04212-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the intensity of the measurement of the structural coefficients. ", "We can also see the probability limit; this validates the significance of the relationship between the constructs of the model we proposed.", "\n\nTo endorse the goodness of fit of the model we propose, which supports the hypothesis we formulated, the measures for absolute, incremental and parsimonious fit were calculated.", "\n\nIn relation to the absolute measures in [Table 4](#ijerph-17-04212-t004){ref-type=\"table\"}, which evaluate the overall fits of the model \\[[@B82-ijerph-17-04212]\\], the remainder resulting from the chi-squared coefficient and the degrees of freedom (0.932) is less than 2. ", "The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) index is 0.001. ", "Both are optimal. ", "Some incremental fit measures, such as Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), are sensitive to the number of indicators and are narrowly related to the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), with a value that indicates an acceptable fit. ", "With respect to the parsimonious fit measures, Parsimony Goodness of Fit Indices (PNFI) and Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) are significantly above 0.06 when verified for the model calculated. ", "Regarding the basis of the results obtained, the model may be said to present an appropriate goodness of fit regarding the fit indices, which, together with the significance of the model coefficients, justifies its validity and applicability.", "\n\nThe indices of the latent variables (IVL) were calculated for the proposed model, using the formula below:$$IVL = \\frac{\\sum\\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{w_{i}{\\overline{x}}_{i}}}{\\sum\\limits_{i = 1}^{n}w_{i}}$$\n\nThe standardized structural coefficients of each latent variable are represented by $w_{i}$, the average of the observed variable for each latent variable by ${\\overline{x}}_{i}$ and the number of observations by *n*.", "\n\nThis method gives standardized indices, which allow the monuments that tourists visit to be compared. ", "The indices are calculated using the values and percentages found with the Likert scale in the questionnaire.", "\n\nThe results obtained for these indices in [Table 5](#ijerph-17-04212-t005){ref-type=\"table\"}, show that the tourists who visit the synagogue are highly satisfied (78.60%) with an intermediate degree of loyalty (65.74%). ", "An interesting point is that the perceived quality (88.09%) is higher than the expected quality (77.04%). ", "The perceived value of the monument is very high (80.05%).", "\n\n7. ", "Discussion {#sec7-ijerph-17-04212}\n=============\n\nThe ACSI model was used in this study to investigate the loyalty of Jewish heritage tourists to the synagogue in Córdoba, which can play an important role in the future of the Jewish cultural experience in Spain A structural equation was created and used to study the loyalty of this type of tourists due to quality, perceived value and satisfaction with the site \\[[@B108-ijerph-17-04212],[@B109-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Tourists from minority heritages have special characteristics, which are important to take into account when managing heritage sites \\[[@B98-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This means that tourist origins must be taken into account in academic studies and when managing heritage and making future plans for tourism at the site.", "\n\nSome studies, such as \\[[@B19-ijerph-17-04212]\\], used 11 different interviews with key agents of the Jewish communities of Syracuse and eastern Sicily and confirmed how the management of heritage influences the political, cultural and religious identities of these minorities. ", "Other authors such as \\[[@B3-ijerph-17-04212]\\], compare United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) Network of Creative Cities in Central and Eastern Europe, in which Jewish communities were numerous before World War II. ", "These are Budapest (Hungary), Krakow (Poland), Prague (Czech Republic) and Kaunas (Lithuania), analyzing aspects such as creativity in wealth management using multimedia applications. ", "This current study uses the ideas above and shows how it is essential to transmit acceptable ideas, perceptions and images of Jewish heritage, so as not to produce disagreements and conflicts within ethnic or religious communities. ", "Problems due to the mismanagement of a heritage site are considered dangerous to the identity of the minority group, as tourism could be negatively influenced \\[[@B3-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nFirstly, Hypothesis 1 was confirmed and showed that the expected quality of a destination directly influences the perceived quality. ", "The relationship between expected and perceived quality has previously been studied in publications about different economic sectors such as nursing \\[[@B110-ijerph-17-04212]\\] or air transport \\[[@B111-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "In the tourism sector, studies have been carried out into the management of tourist boats \\[[@B112-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and luxury hotels \\[[@B113-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Most of these studies have shown how the evaluation of the tourist experience at a site is essential to gain knowledge about expected and perceived quality and value. ", "However, this can be a difficult task as users can have different amounts of contact with the services available or with the advertising of a heritage site \\[[@B114-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This study contributes to the available literature and knowledge about the area of heritage management and how to optimize this management for tourists with Jewish heritage, so that the user is not affected by disruptive factors.", "\n\nSecondly, Hypothesis 2 was also confirmed and shows that the expected quality of a destination directly influences its perceived quality. ", "A high level of expected quality is expected to have a positive effect on the value given by tourists for perceived quality \\[[@B111-ijerph-17-04212],[@B112-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Expected and perceived quality are the basic requirements for any successful tourist destination. ", "Perceived value shows how quality and price influence a tourist's feelings about the quality of a destination and means that the local community plays an important role in the feelings of tourists at a destination. ", "A higher level of perceived value is expected to have a significantly positive effect on the satisfaction of the tourists. ", "Quality of service gives a value to the tourist's experience and feelings. ", "This aspect can influence the tourist's intention to revisit or recommend a destination or heritage site. ", "This relationship has been studied in the tourism industry, showing that trust, quality of service and perceived value all have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and that, in turn, satisfaction has a positive influence on customer loyalty \\[[@B115-ijerph-17-04212],[@B116-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "There are also studies that confirm this relationship for the Jewish collective with products such as kosher food \\[[@B117-ijerph-17-04212]\\] or souvenirs \\[[@B118-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "The loyalty of Jewish people at Jewish heritage sites is determined by both the expected and perceived quality of the heritage site. ", "These results are in line with other studies that analyze consumer behavior with cultural assets \\[[@B119-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Factors such as the environment, cleanliness, interior decoration and ambient temperature are all part of the experience that tourists evaluate.", "\n\nThirdly, Hypothesis 3 was also confirmed and showed the direct influence that the perceived quality of a destination has on tourist satisfaction. ", "This study therefore coincides with the results of previous research showing that the quality of the services provided and the management of the heritage site can predict customer satisfaction \\[[@B120-ijerph-17-04212],[@B121-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Managing employee interactions with tourists can contribute positively to improving the tourist experience. ", "The results of the study showed that there were weak points in the management of the synagogue. ", "It is in a privileged place, as it is located in the historical center of Córdoba, a World Heritage Site. ", "The main weakness found was the management of tourists. ", "Tourists tend to accumulate at certain times, while at other times the monument is empty. ", "This increases the queues and waiting times at certain moments. ", "The information given to tourists before their visit should also be improved, as well as the signs and indications on how to reach the Synagogue. ", "The synagogue is situated in a privileged position, which gives the monument a great number of opportunities that the management of the site must use to transform it into a first-class tourist experience.", "\n\nHypothesis 4 was also confirmed and proves the direct influence that the perceived value of a destination has on tourist satisfaction. ", "A higher level of perceived value is expected to have a significantly positive effect on the satisfaction of the tourists \\[[@B121-ijerph-17-04212],[@B122-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Cities should take advantage of the tourist resources that increase the perceived value of the destination by tourists. ", "The Synagogue in Córdoba should therefore make Jewish heritage tourists feel that the price of the visit to this heritage site is correct. ", "Perceived value includes various factors, both cognitive and affective, which a visitor gives a value to. ", "These factors remind managers that heritage tourists do not only take into account the economic value of the Synagogue, but also seek values of an affective nature, such as preservation, prestige and hedonism. ", "These findings apply to other destinations with similar heritage. ", "These results support the findings of \\[[@B123-ijerph-17-04212]\\], who define customer value with three concepts: reputation for quality, value for money and prestige. ", "The authors in \\[[@B124-ijerph-17-04212]\\] showed that perceived value directly and positively affects customer satisfaction.", "\n\nFinally, Hypothesis 5 was confirmed, which shows the direct influence of tourist satisfaction at a destination on tourist loyalty. ", "A higher level of satisfaction is expected to have a positive effect on the loyalty of tourists to a heritage site. ", "This hypothesis is confirmed by previous studies on other continents \\[[@B114-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and those carried out in countries such as Korea \\[[@B125-ijerph-17-04212]\\] and various islands \\[[@B126-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "This study confirmed the relationship between high tourist satisfaction with the synagogue of Córdoba and the willingness of tourists to return and recommend it. ", "This means that the loyalty of tourists with Jewish heritage to a heritage site relies on factors such as the safety of the site and surroundings, accommodation, gastronomy, transport and the management of the information given to tourists, the comfort felt and the maintenance of the site. ", "The tourist must feel that these all make the tourist experience worth the price paid. ", "In addition to enjoying a visit to heritage sites, tourists also appreciate special rates, offers and discounts during their visit. ", "This result is consistent with the findings of \\[[@B127-ijerph-17-04212],[@B128-ijerph-17-04212]\\], who discovered that price, quality and emotional value have significant effects on customer satisfaction with the tour package.", "\n\n8. ", "Conclusions {#sec8-ijerph-17-04212}\n==============\n\nThis study contributes to the literature on heritage management and Jewish heritage tourism in several ways. ", "Firstly, it improves our understanding of tourism at synagogues. ", "This can be used by policymakers to prepare and use policies for the management and hospitality at a site by including the factors found in this study. ", "Secondly, it offers a better understanding of the relationships between heritage sites and tourists in relation to expected and perceived quality, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty, as the hypotheses proposed in this study were strongly supported by the results.", "\n\nThis study has important theoretical and practical implications for the management of minority heritage sites in Spain. ", "At a theoretical level, understanding how the ACSI model works in the cultural tourism sector can contribute to the improvement of Jewish tourism loyalty. ", "From a practical perspective, the findings of this study corroborate the idea that wealth management can influence the feelings of minorities at a heritage site, influence the loyalty of this group and affect the number of possible positive recommendations. ", "This means that the tourism sector should take these factors into account to improve tourist loyalty. ", "Policymakers should explore new management methods to provide heritage tourists with a memorable experience when visiting a site. ", "These should include adequate management of information, gastronomy, safety, prestige and preservation, which must be worth the price paid. ", "To avoid any possible disagreements, the management of these heritage sites should pay special attention to Jewish identity and heritage considerations, including aspects such as religious, secular and institutional orientation, in addition to touristic commodification of a site. ", "Another possible area of conflict could be the non-Jewish interest in Jewish heritage tourism, because public authorities, private operators and tourists themselves may not have any special interest in heritage in terms of interaction or cultural exchange with the Jewish community. ", "This synagogue is a cultural heritage site in Córdoba of Jewish origin. ", "However, most of those interested in advertising it are not of Jewish origin, which makes the adequate promotion of the heritage site difficult. ", "However, the local tourism board has a new system for the promotion of this type of niche tourism \\[[@B53-ijerph-17-04212],[@B129-ijerph-17-04212]\\], which aims to differentiate, diversify and enrich tourism in the city \\[[@B129-ijerph-17-04212]\\] by endorsing the concept of a multicultural and cosmopolitan city. ", "The question is whether this can be carried out without highlighting and exacerbating conflicting views and values within the minority itself, i.e., without creating discord in the community \\[[@B130-ijerph-17-04212]\\]. ", "Public administration and private businesses which are responsible for the management of the synagogue must work together to improve the tourist experience \\[[@B131-ijerph-17-04212],[@B132-ijerph-17-04212],[@B133-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nThis research work has potential limitations, the first of which is the sample used. ", "The data was only obtained from tourists at the synagogue of Córdoba, which could indicate that the collected data is indicative of only one particular tourist site. ", "This can be improved by using a longitudinal study to register the feelings of tourists over time, which will allow for a more accurate measurement of the relationships between the variables. ", "Additionally, measuring loyalty from future behavioral intentions is another limitation of the study. ", "Although this method has been used in various studies, it is still a subjective measure of behavior and does not always correspond to actual behavior \\[[@B134-ijerph-17-04212]\\].", "\n\nConceptualization, V.N.-R. and R.D.H.-R.; Methodology, J.A.J.d.", "R.; Software, J.A.J.d.", "R. and R.D.H.-R. Validation J.A.J.d.", "R.; R.D.H.-R. and A.H.-F.; Formal Analysis, J.A.J.d.", "R.; R.D.H.-R. and A.H.-F.; Investigation, V.N.-R. and R.D.H.-R.; Resources, V.N.-R and R.D.H.-R.; Data Curation, R.H.-R. Writing---Original Draft Preparation, V.N.-R.; Writing---Review & Editing, V.N.-R. and R.D.H.-R.; Visualization, V.N.-R..; Supervision, A.H.-F.; Project Administration, N/A.; Funding Acquisition, N/A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.", "\n\nThis research received no external funding.", "\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.", "\n\n{#ijerph-17-04212-f001}\n\n{#ijerph-17-04212-f002}\n\n{#ijerph-17-04212-f003}\n\nijerph-17-04212-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nScales used.", "\n\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Reference Dimension Indicators\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------\n \\[[@B77-ijerph-17-04212],[@B97-ijerph-17-04212],[@B98-ijerph-17-04212],[@B99-ijerph-17-04212]\\] Expectations\\ (EXP3) Degree of mass tourism in the city\\\n (EQ) (EXP8) Safety in general\\\n (EXP10 Safety in the synagogue's surroundings\\\n (EXP13 Prestige of the Synagogue\\\n (EXP16) Accommodation on offer in the city\n\n \\[[@B62-ijerph-17-04212],[@B100-ijerph-17-04212],[@B101-ijerph-17-04212]\\] Satisfaction\\ (S3) Service received from Synagogue workers\\\n (S) (S5) Price for visiting the Synagogue\\\n (S7) Degree of satisfaction for additional services\n\n \\[[@B67-ijerph-17-04212],[@B72-ijerph-17-04212],[@B76-ijerph-17-04212],[@B81-ijerph-17-04212],[@B102-ijerph-17-04212],[@B103-ijerph-17-04212]\\] Loyalty\\ (R1) I would recommend friends and family to visit Córdoba\\\n (L) (R2) I will return to visit Córdoba during next holidays\\\n (R3) I will return to visit Córdoba soon\n\n \\[[@B61-ijerph-17-04212],[@B79-ijerph-17-04212],[@B80-ijerph-17-04212],[@B104-ijerph-17-04212],[@B105-ijerph-17-04212],[@B106-ijerph-17-04212],[@B107-ijerph-17-04212]\\] Perceived quality\\ (CAL18) Dining offer in the Synagogue surroundings\\\n (PQ) (CAL17) Travel offer to reach the city\\\n (CAL16) Safety in the Synagogue surroundings\\\n (CAL9) Information and signposting\\\n (CAL19) Accommodation offer in the Synagogue surroundings\\\n (CAL8) Time waiting to enter the Synagogue\\\n (CAL3) Hospitality/Service\\\n (CAL12) Information and signposting on reaching the Synagogue\n\n \\[[@B61-ijerph-17-04212],[@B88-ijerph-17-04212],[@B101-ijerph-17-04212]\\] Perceived value\\ (CP16) Accommodation offer in the city\\\n (PV) (CP18) Dining offer in the Synagogue surroundings\\\n (CP7) Preservation of the Synagogue\\\n (CP6) Prestige of the Synagogue\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nijerph-17-04212-t002_Table 2\n\n###### \n\nStandardized structural coefficients of the observed variables regarding the latent variables.", "\n\n Latent Variable Observed Variable Standardized Coefficient\n ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------\n Expected Quality EXP3 Degree of mass tourism in the city 0.333\n EXP8 Safety in general 0.421 \n EXP10 Safety in the synagogue's surroundings 0.564 \n EXP13 Prestige of the Synagogue 0.633 \n EXP16 Accommodation on offer in the city 0.680 \n Perceived Quality CAL18 Dining offer in the Synagogue surroundings 0.657\n CAL17 Travel offer to reach the city 0.6 \n CAL16 Safety in the Synagogue surroundings 0.476 \n CAL9 Information and signposting 0.612 \n CAL19 Accommodation offer in the Synagogue surroundings 0.675 \n CAL8 Time waiting to enter the Synagogue 0.614 \n CAL3 Hospitality/Service 0.423 \n CAL12 Information and signposting on reaching the Synagogue 0.328 \n Perceived Value CP16 Accommodation offer in the city 0.239\n CP18 Dining offer in the Synagogue surroundings 0.671 \n CP7 Preservation of the Synagogue 0.548 \n CP6 Prestige of the Synagogue 0.639 \n Satisfaction S3 Service received from Synagogue workers 0.585\n S5 Price for visiting the Synagogue 0.587 \n S7 Degree of satisfaction for additional services 0.639 \n Loyalty R1 I would recommend friends and family to visit Córdoba 0.513\n R2 I will return to visit Córdoba during next holidays 0.646 \n R3 I will return to visit Córdoba soon 0.657 \n\nijerph-17-04212-t003_Table 3\n\n###### \n\nStandardized coefficients and *p*-values that support the hypothesis.", "\n\n Hypothesis Latent Variable Latent Variable Standardized Coefficient *p* Value\n ------------ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------------- -----------\n H1 Expected quality Perceived value 0.759 0.000\n H2 Expected quality Perceived quality 1.015 0.000\n H3 Perceived quality Satisfaction 0.468 0.010\n H4 Perceived value Satisfaction 0.451 0.016\n H5 Satisfaction Loyalty 0.653 0.001\n\nijerph-17-04212-t004_Table 4\n\n###### \n\nThe goodness of fit model.", "\n\n Fit of the Model Value\n ---------------------------------- -------\n **Measures of Absolute Fit** \n Chi-square/DF 0.932\n GFI 0.896\n RMSEA 0.001\n RMR 0.069\n **Measures of Incremental Fit** \n AGFI 0.858\n **Measures of Parsimonious Fit** \n PNFI 0.685\n PCFI 0.798\n\nijerph-17-04212-t005_Table 5\n\n###### \n\nThe indices of the latent variables (IVL).", "\n\n Latent Variable Index (IVL) Likert Scale Percentage\n ----------------------------- -------------- ------------\n Expected Quality Index 5392 77.04%\n Perceived Quality Index 6166 88.09%\n Perceived Value Index 5603 80.05%\n Satisfaction Index 5502 78.60%\n Loyalty Index 4602 65.74%\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0.005988023952095809, 0.011299435028248588, 0.0058823529411764705, 0.015748031496062992, 0.003703703703703704, 0.005376344086021506, 0, 0.013071895424836602, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0.006060606060606061, 0, 0, 0.0035587188612099642, 0.016260162601626018, 0, 0, 0.015228426395939087, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0.002551020408163265, 0, 0, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0.013550135501355014, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003676470588235294, 0, 0.004608294930875576, 0.01702127659574468, 0, 0.0035587188612099642, 0.002824858757062147, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.013953488372093023, 0.006535947712418301, 0.02027027027027027, 0.014563106796116505, 0.008695652173913044, 0.005, 0.013071895424836602, 0, 0, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0.006756756756756757, 0.012195121951219513, 0.00816326530612245, 0.01444043321299639, 0.004807692307692308, 0, 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0.012605042016806723, 0.0043859649122807015, 0.0037313432835820895, 0.016181229773462782, 0.006756756756756757, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0, 0.01485148514851485, 0.01818181818181818, 0.0055248618784530384, 0.009216589861751152, 0.011278195488721804, 0.007246376811594203, 0.011111111111111112, 0.0030864197530864196, 0.005076142131979695, 0.0091324200913242, 0.015037593984962405, 0.007462686567164179, 0.00558659217877095, 0.006802721088435374, 0.010526315789473684, 0.004081632653061225, 0, 0.004739336492890996, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0.0070921985815602835, 0.005319148936170213, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0.015873015873015872, 0.003968253968253968, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0.011299435028248588, 0, 0, 0, 0.004201680672268907, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0, 0, 0.005479452054794521, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0038022813688212928, 0, 0.014423076923076924, 0, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0.011194029850746268, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0041841004184100415, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0036363636363636364, 0, 0, 0.008771929824561403, 0.015, 0, 0, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006423982869379015, 0.006211180124223602, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0.011811023622047244, 0.005434782608695652, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0.008968609865470852, 0.012121212121212121, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0.011299435028248588, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0031545741324921135, 0.010869565217391304, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0, 0.018867924528301886, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011428571428571429, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0, 0.005952380952380952, 0.008, 0, 0, 0.013452914798206279, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0, 0, 0.0064516129032258064, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0.004545454545454545, 0.01293103448275862, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0, 0, 0.0056179775280898875, 0.015384615384615385, 0.09090909090909091, 0, 0.057692307692307696, 0.02763819095477387, 0, 0, 0, 0.015384615384615385, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0.005305441867515537, 0.0018259281801582471, 0.001440922190201729, 0.005110732538330494, 0.002564102564102564 ]

[ "Appetite-Inducing Effects of Homoeriodictyol: Two Randomized, Cross-Over Interventions.", "\nAnorexia of aging, characterized by a decrease in appetite and/or food intake, is a major risk factor of under-nutrition and adverse health outcomes in elderly people. ", "Recent in vitro evidence suggests homoeriodictyol (HED), a naturally occurring, bitter-masking flavanone, as a promising agent to increase appetite and food intake. ", "In two cross-over intervention trials, 30 mg NaHED, either solely (n = 10, Study I) or in combination with a 75 g glucose load (n = 17, study II) were administered to healthy adult subjects. ", "Ratings of hunger were assessed at fasting and either 30 min (Study I) or 120 min (Study II) post intervention. ", "Ad libitum energy intake from a standardized breakfast and plasma changes in hunger-/satiety-associated hormones PYY, GLP-1, ghrelin and serotonin were determined after blood drawings. ", "Effects were more pronounced when NaHED was administered in combination with 75 g glucose since ad libitum energy (+ 9.52 ± 4.60%) and protein (+ 7.08 ± 7.97%) intake as well as plasma ΔAUC ghrelin values increased in study II solely, whereas plasma serotonin concentrations decreased after both interventions. ", "NaHED demonstrated appetizing effects in healthy adults when administered with a glucose load. ", "Long-term intervention studies are warranted to verify these effects in compromised subjects." ]

[ 0.011494252873563218, 0.005917159763313609, 0.006060606060606061, 0.010471204188481676, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0.003215434083601286, 0.010526315789473684, 0 ]

[ "Bcl-2 Gene and Prognosis of B-cell Lymphoma.", "\nBoth the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis were used to detect bcl-2 gene rearrangement in B-cell lymphoma. ", "Recent molecular studies have shown that the translocation of karyotypic abnormalities t(14;18) results in the juxtaposition of the candidate proto-oncogene bcl-2 on chromosome 18 with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus on chromosome 14. ", "We detected the bcl-2 rearrangement in three of six follicular lymphomas (50%), two of five follicular and diffuse lymphomas (40%), one of 13 diffuse medium-sized cell lymphomas (7.7%) and two of 33 diffuse large cell lymphomas (6.0%) through Southern blot analysis. ", "With PCR, the rearrangement was demonstrated in five of eight follicular (63%), three of five follicular and diffuse (60%), seven of 36 diffuse large cell lymphomas (19%) and two of 13 diffuse medium-sized lymphomas (15%). ", "Diffuse large cell lymphomas with bcl-2 rearrangement detected by PCR have a good prognosis as do cases of follicular lymphoma The bcl-2 gene is closely related to follicular lymphoma as described in previous reports and has general prognostic importance in diffuse large cell lymphoma of B cell type." ]

[ 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0.008968609865470852, 0.0033222591362126247 ]

[ "In his book “One Second After,”author William R. Forstchenpainted a well thought out picture of what life would be like in a post-EMP world. ", "Faced with the sudden loss of power and everything electronic they depend on, the population of a small mountain town has to figure out how to survive. ", "While manydie, those that survive adapt, learning new skills and fending off a number of problems, including a large-scale armed attack.", "\n\nLike most Americans, these people were totally unprepared for the crisis that faced them. ", "They hadn’t educated themselves or their families on what to do in a survival situation. ", "Nevertheless, with the aid of books and magazines found in the college library, they learned how to make use of the resources around them. ", "But even, then, about90% of the population died.", "\n\nWhile the people were educating themselves in survival, they made a point to stop educating their children in normal academics. ", "Both the public schools and the university shut down, setting aside normal education, in favor of more immediate needs. ", "I think that wasa mistakeon their part, as full recovery of society would require that the next generation have the knowledge to restore the technology that is so central to our current lives.", "\n\nAny disaster can be broken down into three parts:\n\nThe disaster itself\n\nThe aftermath\n\nThe recovery period\n\nIdeally, at the end of the recovery period, society will have returned back to normal, or reached a “new normal” which is at least as good as the “old normal.” ", "But that requires educated people who can make things work. ", "So, whileit’s important to educate our childrenon how to survive, it’s equally important to educate them for more academic pursuits, at least the ones which have a practical application in resorting society to some semblance of normal.", "\n\nI must note here that much of our higher education today is focused on giving our children degrees in totally worthless fields. ", "Likewise,much of our primary and secondary educationis wasted on political correctness, rather than basic academics. ", "Sadly, we’ve left the path of wisdom in this, wasting a large part of our education dollars and our children’s time.", "This isn’t the typeof academic education I’m talking about; I’m referring to basic academics, as well as college degrees in areas which have practical applications in society. ", "While advanced basket weaving might apply, things like women’s studies don’t; sorry to those who have such a degree.", "\n\nEducation is predominantly the parent’s responsibility, not the government’s. ", "We’ve abdicated this responsibility, more for convenience than anything else. ", "By turning education over to the government, we’ve saved ourselves the time and hassle of doing it ourselves. ", "But in the midst of a long-term disaster, we can’t count on the government being able to provide that education. ", "We’ll need to do it ourselves.", "\n\nEducating Your Children on Survival\n\nWaiting for a crisis to hit, before educating your children on survival is one of the biggest mistakes you can make. ", "When that crisis hits, you’re going to have to switch over to survival mode in a moment. ", "There may not be time to educate them. ", "If they don’t already know what to do, the cost could be more than you’re willing to pay.", "\n\nSo, how do you educate your children about survival?First of all, we have to realize that there are two different types of survival that we need to educate them on; wilderness survival and what we’ll call urban survival. ", "While there is some overlap, where wilderness survival skills are used in an urban environment, the dangers in the two situations can be quite different.", "\n\nWilderness Survival for Kids\n\nI grew up in the Boy Scouts. ", "Back then, scouting was all about going out in the woods and having a good time camping out. ", "The Scout guide book was filled with skills that you’d need out in the woods, what we call bushcraft skills in the survival community. ", "So,I grew up knowing how to dig a latrine, start a fire and build a lean-to shelter. ", "Although we didn’t call it wilderness survival training, much of what we did actually fell into that area.", "\n\nSadly,modern scout guidesdon’t cover the same information and to the best of my knowledge, scouting groups don’t spend as much time out in the woods as we did back then. ", "The skills which used to be considered essential for manhood are no longer taught and in fact are mostly ignored in modern society.", "Today’s man has been partially feminized and partially turned into a computer geek.", "\n\nWhat’s funny is that in the midst of the man’s role being redefined by society, there’s a surge in interest in those very survival skills that once defined manhood. ", "Guns and shooting skills are on the rise, as well as the very survival and homesteading skills that modern man has shunned.", "\n\nSo, if we want to teach our children those skills, the best way is to go back to doing whatI learnedin the Boy Scouts. ", "That is to go spend time in the woods with our kids, teaching them.", "\n\nMost kidslove to go camping, fishing and shooting; so you’re probably not going to run into a whole lot of resistance in getting them to go along with your homegrown wilderness survival school. ", "Just make camping a regular part of your family’s recreational routine, taking some weekends off to go hide out in the woods, honing those skills.", "\n\nThat was another part of my childhood, which served me well also. ", "When I was about 10, my grandmother died, leaving my parents with a considerable amount of money. ", "They used some of it to buy a 14 foot motorhome (considered huge in that time). ", "So, every weekend from spring through fall, you could find us in the Colorado Rockies, camping, exploring and enjoying ourselves.", "\n\nOf course,camping in a motorhomeis nothing like camping in a tent, so we improvised. ", "Rather than spend all our nights in the camper, my brother and I built our own shelters out of nature’s materials, started fires in the campsite’s fire pit and practiced the same skills that I had learned in Boy Scouts. ", "Had it been intentional, that would have been a great survival school.", "\n\nWhat I’m suggesting is that you make your camping intentional. ", "Yes, it’s great to have a tent, sleeping bags, and a camp stove. ", "Buttruewilderness survival meansgetting by without those things. ", "So, when you go camping as a family, don’t depend on all that equipment, make do without.", "\n\nNow,just for safety sake, you might want to make sure that you have a tent and some sleeping bags in the trunk of the car or back of the truck. ", "But that doesn’t mean that you have to use them.", "Tell your kidsthat this weekend you’re going to build your own shelter, rather than use the tent. ", "On another weekend you can tell them that you’re going to cook over an open fire. ", "Pick a couple of skills that you want to work on each weekend and take your camping adventurewithout the commercial version of those items.", "\n\nYou’ll be surprised how much you can teach your children that way. ", "As your children gain in skills and knowledge, you can put them in charge of various parts of your weekend camping trips. ", "Tell one of the kids that they’re in charge of the fire for the weekend and that you expect them to use different fire starting technique each time they start it. ", "Or tell another child that it’s up to them to teach the family how to build a new type ofwilderness survival shelter. ", "Put someone in charge of water filtration, while another child is in charge of cooking.", "\n\nThe thing is, this is fun for kids. ", "They’ll love getting out in the great outdoors and learning those skills. ", "After all, it’s pretty cool to be able to show your friends that you can start a fire with steel wool or with nothing more than rocks. ", "Kids like to learn those things and they like to show off their knowledge.", "\n\nShooting for Kids\n\nAn important part ofteaching kids to surviveis teaching them to use firearms safely. ", "I don’t remember how young I was when my dad taught me to shoot, but it was young. ", "He had guns in the house and my mother insisted that he teach us to shoot, so that we would know about firearm safety. ", "Even though she’s still a die-hard liberal who hates guns, she was smart enough to know that the best way to keep kids safe from guns is to educate them.", "\n\nI began to hunt at 12 years of age. ", "In Colorado, where we lived, you had to have a hunter’s safety certificate to get a hunting license and you couldn’t get one of those until you were 12. ", "But by then, I had several years of shooting under my belt, mostly shooting with my dad’s .22 revolver. ", "But I also had my own Winchester model 94, which I had practiced with.", "\n\nThe first thing to teach any child about guns is safety, just like when teaching adults to use firearms. ", "Anyone who can’t handle firearms safely, shouldn’t be handling them. ", "So, you start by teaching your children the rules of firearms safety, how to handle a gun correctly and how to tell if it is loaded.", "\n\nWhen do you do this? ", "As young as possible. ", "That’s an individual decision that has to be made for each and every child. ", "A lot will depend on the child’s personal responsibility and their understanding of what you’re telling them. ", "There’s no reason trying to teach firearm responsibility to children who treatreal gunsas if they are toys.", "\n\nMany children have trouble distinguishing between real and imaginary. ", "They see puppets and cartoon characters are real, rather than something made up. ", "This can carry over into their understanding of firearms as well, so you need to be careful about that. ", "You especially need to be sure that they can readily identifythe difference between real guns and toys. ", "That’s not so easy with some, which look real, although they aren’t.", "\n\nOnce they have the safety part down, children as young as 7 or 8 years of age can be taught to shoot properly and safely. ", "Start them off with something light, like a .22, so that the recoil isn’t a problem for them. ", "Once they become proficient with the .22, they can move on to larger calibers.", "\n\nUrban Survival for Kids\n\nAs I mentioned earlier,there’s a lot of carryover from wilderness survival to urban survival. ", "So, a lot of the skills that your children are going to learn on your wilderness camping trips are going to work for urban survival. ", "But that carryover isn’t really automatic. ", "It will be necessary to experience how those skills are used in a urban environment, before they’ll truly be comfortable doing so.", "\n\nThis is easy to accommodate. ", "Simply pick a weekend and shut off all power in your home (except the refrigerator).Tell your kids that you’re going to be camping at homefor the weekend and that they need to figure out how to do everything without electricity, central heating and running water. ", "Then, step back to watch them figure it out.", "\n\nIt won’t take long for the kids to start adapting their wilderness survival skills to your home. ", "You might end up with a lean-to in the living room before it’s over, but they’ll quickly see that the thingsthey’ve been learning apply at home, just like they do out in the woods.", "\n\nBut that’s not all you have to work on.", "Finding resources in an urban environmentcan actually be much harder than in the woods. ", "You can’t count on deadfall branches for firewood, nor can you go fishing in the creek for breakfast. ", "As part of the “game” tell them that all stores are closed and that they’ll have to scrounge for what they’ll need. ", "Go with them, just to make sure they don’t do anything like destroying the neighbor’s dog house.", "\n\nScavenging is an important urban survival skill, so you can make up games where they have to scavenge necessary items for survival. ", "In some cases,those items would require stealing things or breaking thingsthat aren’t family property. ", "So, instead of requiring them to bring back the item, have them take photos with their phone’s camera instead.", "\n\nIf you start gardening and keeping chickens as part of your urban prepping, make those family activities. ", "Children need to learn about animals and plants anyway, so that’s a good opportunity to teach them some valuable life skills. ", "It just so happens that those life skills are good ones for survival as well.", "\n\nFinally,you’ll need to teach them about OPSEC. ", "That’s more important in an urban setting, than it is in the wild. ", "You’re not going to have many people who are looking at your well-fed family and wondering where you’re getting food from, if you’re living out in the woods somewhere. ", "But you probably will have a lot of people who are looking at your family andhow healthy you are, if you are bugging in, rather than bugging out. ", "OPSEC will be a critical part of reducing your chances of receiving an attack.", "\n\nEducating Your Children in the Midst of Crisis\n\nYou’ll be able to do a lot of your children’s survival training before a survival hits, but there will probably be gaps in that training. ", "Those will have to be filled-in by actual practice, as you’re surviving the disaster and its aftermath.", "\n\nDon’t feel badif you can’t teach your childreneverything they need to know, before a disaster hits; everything you tech them will be beneficial. ", "Keep in mind that you probably won’t know it all either. ", "So, in addition to what you learn before the disaster hits, make sure that you build a good survival reference library, so that you havethe necessary informationto use in training yourself in additional skills, as well as continue training your children.", "\n\nBut there’s also the other side of educating your children, that of continuing their academic education after the disaster hits. ", "If the worst thing you ever have to face is ahurricane, that won’t really be much of an issue. ", "The schools will be reopened within a couple of months, at the most. ", "So your kids will be able tocontinue their education. ", "At worst, they’ll lose the year that the disaster strikes in and have to graduate a year late.", "\n\nBut what about a situation like we see in “One Second After?” ", "They shut the schools down in that story. ", "While a year without school isn’t going to destroy society, going a generation without educating our kids academically will eliminate any chance of restoring society to where it was pre-disaster.", "\n\nThe answer to this question has already been given to us. ", "In fact, it’s been handed to us on a silver platter. ", "That’s to homeschool our kids.", "The homeschooling communityteaches their children at home, actually giving them a better education, if not as politically correct, than what they receive in the public school system. ", "The high parental involvement and great teacher to student ratio ensure that the children get an excellent educational opportunity.", "\n\nMy wife and I homeschooled our children and when they entered college,they were more than prepared. ", "In fact, my oldest daughter took a class in her Freshman year that used the same textbook that she had used at home. ", "She didn’t pay attention to the lectures, never opened the book and got 100% on every test. ", "My son, who we graduated a year early, excelled in his education as well. ", "Right now, he’s teaching himself everything he needs to know in order to get a Cisco certification in network design and VOIP.", "\n\nEvery bit of human knowledge is written down somewhere. ", "That means it can be learned by people who are interested. ", "You don’t need a classroom to learn and in many cases, you don’t need a teacher either. ", "With the right books and an interest in learning,you can learnjust about anything.", "\n\nI’m self-educated in a number of fields, including electrical engineering. ", "Earlier on in my life, I worked 15 years as an electrical engineer, being employed by a couple of different manufacturing companies. ", "While I don’t have an engineering degree, I was very successful as an engineer. ", "How? ", "Because I taught myself well, and was willing to learn whatever I had to, in order to get the job done.", "\n\nJust as I did,your children can learn just about anything at home. ", "Your job, as their teacher, won’t be as much to stand in front of the classroom, lecturing your kids on algebra, but rather to direct their studies and answer their questions. ", "As such, it won’t take as much of your time.", "\n\nActually, homeschooling takes much less time than public education does, to teach the same amount of material. ", "That’s mostly because there is a lot of wasted time in the classroom, especially in public schools, that you don’t need to waste at home. ", "You already know if your kids are there, you don’t need to take attendance.", "\n\nThe other big time saver with homeschooling is that your children only need to spend enough time on the subject tolearn the material. ", "Every child has certain subjects at which they excel. ", "They can work through those subjects quickly ,saving time, or use the extra time to go more in depth. ", "Either way,once they’ve learned it, they can move on to something else. ", "In a classroom setting, the class is held back by waiting for the slower students to get it.", "\n\nThe key to homesechooling your children is having that information. ", "In other words, you need to build alibrarythat you can use to educate your children. ", "I would recommend that your library go far beyond the basics and include subjects such as mechanics, electronics, biology and other sciences. ", "In addition, you’ll need books that are more practically based, such as repair skills and animal husbandry.", "\n\nThere are a number of companies which produce textbooks specifically for homeschoolers. ", "While these are cheaper than college textbooks,you can still spend quite a bit of money on them. ", "One option is to look for used books. ", "There are used book sellers within the homeschool community, who sell textbooks considerably cheaper than the new ones. ", "You can also find used books at local homeschool curriculum swap meets and sales.", "\n\nKeep in mind that your library may be the only reference material your children have to work with. ", "While there arepublic librariesall across the country, there’s no saying what’s going to happen to them. ", "Ignorant people may burn the books in those libraries to keep warm, denyingfuture generationsof the knowledge in them. ", "You just don’t know.", "\n\nNor can you count on the internet to provideyour children with the information they need. ", "In the case of anEMPor anything else that takes down the grid, there won’t be an internet to use.", "You may manageto save the booksyou have storedin electronic format, but the only ones you will be sure to be able to save are those which are printed on real paper.", "\n\nHomeschooling your children offers them one other opportunity that public schooling doesn’t.", "That’s the opportunity to study more in depth. ", "The reason that we graduated my son a year early was that we had run out of things we could teach him. ", "He was already using college textbooks in his Junior year of high school. ", "It made no sense to keep him at home, when he could go to college and start working towards his degree.", "\n\nWith a goodlibrary at home, your children can learn whatever they want or need. ", "While it’s ultimately up to them to learn what they want, encourage them to study areas that will help with the rebuilding of society. ", "No, it won’t be their responsibility alone, but it may be their generation’s responsibility. ", "The more they know, especially about the skills that help restore the services we are all used to, the greater a role they can play in that process.", "\n\nFor this reason,it’s important to ensurethat your children don’t shirk in their studies. ", "Some children, like the cartoon character Calvin, don’t like to study. ", "Encourage them and help them see the value of learning. ", "Focus their studies into areas they are interested in, as that will help to motivate them.", "Make sure they learn the material,rather than just going over it.", "\n\nOne thing we did with our children was make them do work over, if it wasn’t good enough. ", "In other words, if they came back with a paper that said that 2×2=5, we’d make them do it again. ", "They’d have to work at it until they got it right. ", "Ultimately, that’s a whole lot more valuable than just going through the motions and not getting it right.", "\n\nA Word of Encouragement\n\nYou may feel that you are inadequate to teach your children. ", "I don’t agree. ", "Without even knowing you, I’m sure that you can teach your children what they need to know. ", "I know this, because you already have. ", "Who do you think has taught your children how to walk and talk and dress themselves? ", "Wasn’t that you? ", "Well, ifyou can teach them those subjects, some of the hardest we ever learn, then you can teach them the rest of the stuff too.", "\n\nBut what if you don’t know the subject yourself? ", "No problem. ", "You’ve now got a good excuse to learn it.", "Learnit alongside your child, teaching each other. ", "The book is the expert, so you don’t have to be. ", "All you have to do is make sure they learn it. ", "That’s a whole lot easier than having to be the expert.", "\n\nYour child’s education will determine what they can do in life. ", "When it comes to survival, that’s literally a matter of life and death. ", "Sounds like agood reason to teach them well. ", "But make it fun; fun for both you and them. ", "Learning is supposed to be fun, make it a process of exploration and it will be.", "\n\nDave Steen\n\nAbout The Author: Dave is a 58 year old survivalist; father of three; with over 40 years of survival experience. ", "He started young, learning survival the hard way, in the school of hard knocks. ", "Now, after years of study, he's gray-haired and slightly overweight. ", "That hasn't dimmed his interest in survival though. ", "If anything, Dave has a greater commitment to survival than ever, so that he can protect his family. ", "Click Here To Read More About Dave" ]

[ 0.0070921985815602835, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004545454545454545, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003787878787878788, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023622047244094488, 0, 0, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0.029411764705882353 ]

[ "Q:\n\nSort a list with a specific way\n\nI have a list of number in my database and wanna list them like this:\n1\n11\n111\n11101\n11101001\n11101002\n11102\n11102001\n11102002\n11102003\n11102004\n11103\n\nAny suggestions?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou want to sort the items as strings. ", "This way, \"11101002\" comes before \"11102\". ", "\nThe parameter SORT_STRING will achieve that when sorting an array with sort():\n\nsort($myarray, SORT_STRING);\n\nYou will need to populate an array with the data from your database.", "\nOther option, possibly less costly, is to sort them directly when querying the DB, by using ORDER BY.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00980392156862745, 0 ]

[ "Postoperative staging of vulvar carcinoma: a retrospective study.", "\nThe clinical staging of malignant disease is necessary before initiating nonsurgical therapy. ", "Unfortunately, such staging does not help answer critical questions about the course and natural history of the cancerous process. ", "Answers to these questions are crucial to the planning of future therapeutic programs. ", "A postoperative staging system, amenable to computer analysis, that can be retrospectively applied to a large series of invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva is presented. ", "A review of the experience of a large oncologic service at the University of Buenos Aires, which used this new classification system, shows the system's applicability. ", "Such a system could, in time, provide answers to many questions concerning invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005952380952380952, 0 ]

[ "build/cuda/src/caffe/layers/activation/imresize_layer.o : src/caffe/layers/activation/imresize_layer.cu \\\n /usr/include/stdc-predef.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_runtime.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h \\\n /usr/include/features.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs-64.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/builtin_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/host_defines.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/driver_types.h \\\n /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include-fixed/limits.h \\\n /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include-fixed/syslimits.h \\\n /usr/include/limits.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/posix1_lim.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/local_lim.h \\\n /usr/include/linux/limits.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/posix2_lim.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/xopen_lim.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio_lim.h \\\n /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stddef.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/surface_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/texture_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/vector_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/library_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/channel_descriptor.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_runtime_api.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_device_runtime_api.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/driver_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/vector_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/vector_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/common_functions.h \\\n /usr/include/string.h \\\n /usr/include/xlocale.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/string3.h \\\n /usr/include/time.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/time.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/typesizes.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/timex.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/new \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/c++config.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/os_defines.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/cpu_defines.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/exception \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/atomic_lockfree_defines.h \\\n /usr/include/stdio.h \\\n /usr/include/libio.h \\\n /usr/include/_G_config.h \\\n /usr/include/wchar.h \\\n /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stdarg.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/sys_errlist.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h \\\n /usr/include/stdlib.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/waitflags.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/waitstatus.h \\\n /usr/include/endian.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/endian.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/byteswap.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/byteswap-16.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/types.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/select.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/select.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/sigset.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/select2.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/sysmacros.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/pthreadtypes.h \\\n /usr/include/alloca.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdlib-bsearch.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdlib-float.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdlib.h \\\n /usr/include/assert.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/math_functions.h \\\n /usr/include/math.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/huge_val.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/huge_valf.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/huge_vall.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/inf.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/nan.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/mathdef.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/mathcalls.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/mathinline.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cmath \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/cpp_type_traits.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ext/type_traits.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cstdlib \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/math_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/math_functions_dbl_ptx3.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/math_functions_dbl_ptx3.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_surface_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_texture_types.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_atomic_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_atomic_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_double_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_double_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_20_atomic_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_20_atomic_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_32_atomic_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_32_atomic_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_35_atomic_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_60_atomic_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_60_atomic_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_20_intrinsics.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_20_intrinsics.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_30_intrinsics.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_30_intrinsics.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_32_intrinsics.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_32_intrinsics.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/sm_35_intrinsics.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/surface_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/texture_fetch_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/texture_indirect_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/surface_indirect_functions.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/device_launch_parameters.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/vector \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_algobase.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/functexcept.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/exception_defines.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ext/numeric_traits.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_pair.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/move.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/concept_check.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_iterator_base_types.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_iterator_base_funcs.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/debug/debug.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_iterator.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/allocator.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/c++allocator.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ext/new_allocator.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/memoryfwd.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_construct.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ext/alloc_traits.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_uninitialized.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_vector.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_bvector.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/range_access.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/vector.tcc \\\n include/caffe/layers/activation/imresize_layer.hpp \\\n include/caffe/blob.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/algorithm \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/utility \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_relops.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_algo.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/algorithmfwd.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_heap.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_tempbuf.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/string \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stringfwd.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/char_traits.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/postypes.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cwchar \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/wchar.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/wchar2.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/localefwd.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/c++locale.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/clocale \\\n /usr/include/locale.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/locale.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/iosfwd \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cctype \\\n /usr/include/ctype.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/ostream_insert.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/cxxabi_forced.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_function.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/backward/binders.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ext/atomicity.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/gthr.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/gthr-default.h \\\n /usr/include/pthread.h \\\n /usr/include/sched.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/sched.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/setjmp.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/atomic_word.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.tcc \\\n include/caffe/common.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/shared_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/user.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/select_compiler_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/compiler/nvcc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/compiler/gcc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/select_stdlib_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cstddef \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/no_tr1/utility.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp \\\n /usr/include/unistd.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/posix_opt.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/environments.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/confname.h \\\n /usr/include/getopt.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/unistd.h \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/select_platform_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/platform/linux.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/posix_features.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/suffix.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/no_tr1/memory.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/memory \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_raw_storage_iter.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/backward/auto_ptr.h \\\n /usr/include/boost/assert.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/checked_delete.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/throw_exception.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/attribute_noreturn.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/workaround.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/exception.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/current_function.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/shared_count.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/bad_weak_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_base.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_has_sync.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_base_gcc_x86.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/sp_typeinfo.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/typeinfo \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_impl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/functional \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_convertible.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_nullptr_t.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_sync.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/memory_order.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/operator_bool.hpp \\\n /usr/include/gflags/gflags.h \\\n /usr/include/gflags/gflags_declare.h \\\n /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stdint.h \\\n /usr/include/stdint.h \\\n /usr/include/inttypes.h \\\n /usr/include/glog/logging.h \\\n /usr/include/errno.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/errno.h \\\n /usr/include/linux/errno.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/asm/errno.h \\\n /usr/include/asm-generic/errno.h \\\n /usr/include/asm-generic/errno-base.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ios \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/ios_base.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/locale_classes.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/locale_classes.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/streambuf \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/streambuf.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/locale_facets.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cwctype \\\n /usr/include/wctype.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/ctype_base.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/streambuf_iterator.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/ctype_inline.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/locale_facets.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/ostream.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/sstream \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/istream \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/istream.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/sstream.tcc \\\n /usr/include/glog/log_severity.h \\\n /usr/include/glog/vlog_is_on.h \\\n /home/sensetime/caffe/thirdparty/nccl/include/nccl.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda_fp16.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/climits \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/codecvt.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cstdio \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/basic_file.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/c++io.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/fstream.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/map \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_tree.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_map.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_multimap.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/set \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_set.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_multiset.h \\\n src/caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/message.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/message_lite.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/descriptor.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/iterator \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stream_iterator.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/extension_set.h \\\n /usr/include/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h \\\n include/caffe/util/device_alternate.hpp \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cublas_v2.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cublas_api.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuComplex.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/cuda.h \\\n /usr/local/cuda/include/curand.h \\\n include/caffe/util/cudnn.hpp \\\n /home/sensetime/caffe/thirdparty/cudnn/include/cudnn.h \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept \\\n /usr/include/boost/cstdint.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/integer_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/limits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/limits \\\n /usr/include/boost/integer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/integer_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/static_assert.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/ptr_helper.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/seed.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/enable_if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_arithmetic.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_integral.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/bool_trait_def.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/template_arity_spec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/int.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/int_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/adl_barrier.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/adl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/msvc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/intel.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/gcc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/workaround.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/nttp_decl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/nttp.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/integral_wrapper.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/integral_c_tag.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/static_constant.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/static_cast.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/config/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/template_arity_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/params.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/preprocessor.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/punctuation/comma_if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/control/if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/control/iif.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/logical/bool.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/facilities/empty.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/punctuation/comma.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/repeat.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/debug/error.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/detail/auto_rec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/tuple/eat.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/inc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/inc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/lambda.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/ttp.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/ctps.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/overload_resolution.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/bool.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/bool_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/integral_c.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/integral_c_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/lambda_support.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/bool_trait_undef.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_float.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/ice_or.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/seed_impl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/no_tr1/cmath.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/integer/static_log2.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_signed.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/remove_cv.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/broken_compiler_spec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/cv_traits_impl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/type_trait_def.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/type_trait_undef.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_enum.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/intrinsics.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_lvalue_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_rvalue_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/ice.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/yes_no_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/ice_and.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/ice_not.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/ice_eq.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_volatile.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/make_unsigned.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/value_wknd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/integral.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/eti.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/na_spec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/lambda_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/void_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/na.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/na_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/lambda_arity_param.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/arity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/dtp.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/enum.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/def_params_tail.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/limits/arity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/logical/and.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/logical/bitand.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/identity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/facilities/identity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/empty.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/add.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/dec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/control/while.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/fold_left.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/detail/fold_left.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/control/expr_iif.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/adt.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/detail/is_binary.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/detail/check.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/logical/compl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/fold_right.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/detail/fold_right.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/reverse.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/control/detail/while.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/tuple/elem.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/facilities/overload.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/variadic/size.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/tuple/rem.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/variadic/elem.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/sub.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_unsigned.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_const.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_const.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_volatile.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/const_mod.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/large_arithmetic.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/integer_log2.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/pending/integer_log2.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/disable_warnings.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/enable_warnings.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/signed_unsigned_tools.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/generator_bits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/generator_seed_seq.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/uniform_int.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/operators.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/random/detail/uniform_int_float.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/thread.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/thread_only.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/platform.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/requires_threads.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/thread_data.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/auto_link.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/exceptions.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/system/system_error.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cassert \\\n /usr/include/boost/system/error_code.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/system/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/system/api_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/operators.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/noncopyable.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/cerrno.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cerrno \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/abi_prefix.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/abi_suffix.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/lock_guard.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/delete.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/move.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_convertible.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_array.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_void.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_abstract.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_lvalue_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_rvalue_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_function.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/false_result.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/is_function_ptr_helper.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/remove_reference.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/decay.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/remove_bounds.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_pointer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/identity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/move/utility.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/move/detail/config_begin.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/move/core.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/move/detail/meta_utils.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/move/detail/config_end.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/move/traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/has_trivial_destructor.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_pod.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_scalar.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_pointer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_member_pointer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_member_function_pointer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/is_mem_fun_pointer_impl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/lockable_wrapper.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/lock_options.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/lock_types.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/lockable_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_class.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/thread_time.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_clock.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/c_time.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/ctime \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/compiler_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/locale_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/time.h \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/microsec_time_clock.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/filetime_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time_types.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/ptime.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time_system.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time_config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_duration.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_defs.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/special_defs.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_resolution_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/int_adapter.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/gregorian_types.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/year_month_day.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/period.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_calendar.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_weekday.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/constrained_value.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_base_of.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_base_and_derived.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date_defs.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_day_of_year.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian_calendar.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian_calendar.ipp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_ymd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_day.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_year.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_month.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_duration.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date_duration.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date_duration_types.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_duration_types.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/greg_date.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/adjust_functors.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/wrapping_int.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date_generators.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date_clock_device.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/date_iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_system_split.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_system_counted.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/date_duration_operators.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time_duration.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/time_period.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/time_iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/dst_rules.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/time_point.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/duration.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/detail/static_assert.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/logical.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/or.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/use_preprocessed.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/nested_type_wknd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/include_preprocessed.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/compiler.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/stringize.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/or.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/and.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/and.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/not.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/ratio.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/detail/mpl/abs.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/detail/mpl/sign.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/detail/mpl/gcd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/largest_int.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/dependent_nttp.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/detail/mpl/lcm.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/ratio_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/ratio/detail/overflow_helpers.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/common_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/typeof/typeof.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/typeof/message.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/typeof/native.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/declval.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_floating_point.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/detail/is_evenly_divisible_by.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/mutex.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/mutex.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/xtime.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/posix_time/conversion.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cstring \\\n /usr/include/boost/date_time/gregorian/conversion.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/timespec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/pthread_mutex_scoped_lock.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/system_clocks.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/detail/system.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/version.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/clock_string.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/chrono/ceil.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/condition_variable_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/cv_status.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/scoped_enum_emulation.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/enable_shared_from_this.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/weak_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/optional.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/alignment_of.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/size_t_trait_def.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/size_t.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/size_t_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/detail/size_t_trait_undef.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/has_nothrow_constructor.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/has_trivial_constructor.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/type_with_alignment.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/for_each_i.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/for.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/detail/for.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/tuple/to_list.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/transform.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/list/append.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/reference_content.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/has_nothrow_copy.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/has_trivial_copy.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/void.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/none.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/none_t.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/swap.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/addressof.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/compare_pointees.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/in_place_factory.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_prefix.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/punctuation/paren.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/iterate.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/array/elem.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/array/data.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/array/size.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/slot/slot.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/slot/detail/def.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_trailing_params.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/detail/iter/forward1.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/detail/bounds/lower1.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/slot/detail/shared.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/detail/bounds/upper1.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_suffix.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/optional/optional_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/thread.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/thread_heap_alloc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/thread_heap_alloc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/make_tuple_indices.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/invoke.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/is_convertible.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/list \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_list.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/list.tcc \\\n /usr/include/boost/ref.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/bind.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mem_fn.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/mem_fn.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/get_pointer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/mem_fn_template.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/mem_fn_cc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/is_placeholder.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/arg.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/visit_each.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/storage.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/bind_template.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/bind_cc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/bind_mf_cc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/bind_mf2_cc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/bind/placeholders.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/io/ios_state.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/io_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/locale \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/locale_facets_nonio.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/time_members.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/messages_members.h \\\n /usr/include/libintl.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/locale_facets_nonio.tcc \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash/hash.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash/hash_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash/detail/hash_float.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash/detail/float_functions.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash/detail/limits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/functional/hash/extensions.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/container_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/deque \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_deque.h \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/deque.tcc \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/bitset \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/complex \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/repeat_from_to.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/thread_interruption.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/v2/thread.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/condition_variable.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/condition_variable.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/thread_group.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/shared_mutex.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/shared_mutex.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/once.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/once_atomic.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/no_exceptions_support.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/atomic.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/detail/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/detail/platform.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/detail/gcc-x86.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/detail/base.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/detail/lockpool.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/atomic/detail/type-classification.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/recursive_mutex.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/pthread/recursive_mutex.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/tss.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/locks.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/lock_algorithms.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/barrier.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/future.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/detail/async_func.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/result_of.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_shifted_params.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/facilities/intercept.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/has_xxx.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/type_wrapper.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/yes_no.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/arrays.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/has_xxx.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/msvc_typename.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/utility/detail/result_of_iterate.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/tuple/tuple.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/tuple/detail/tuple_basic.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/add_cv.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/remove_const.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/remove_volatile.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/info.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/to_string_stub.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/to_string.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/is_output_streamable.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/object_hex_dump.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/type_info.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/units/detail/utility.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/cxxabi.h \\\n /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8/bits/cxxabi_tweaks.h \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/iterator_range.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/iterator_range_core.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/iterator_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/interoperable.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/detail/config_def.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/detail/config_undef.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/detail/facade_iterator_category.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/iterator_categories.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/placeholders.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/arg.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/arg_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/na_assert.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/assert.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/pp_counter.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/arity_spec.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/arg_typedef.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/arg.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/placeholders.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/indirect_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/remove_pointer.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/detail/enable_if.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/always.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/apply.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/apply_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/apply_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/apply_wrap.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/has_apply.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/has_apply.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/msvc_never_true.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/apply_wrap.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/lambda.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/bind.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/bind_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/bind.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/bind_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/next.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/next_prior.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/common_name_wknd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/protect.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/bind.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/full_lambda.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/quote.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/has_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/config/bcc.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/quote.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/template_arity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/template_arity.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/full_lambda.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessed/gcc/apply.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/functions.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/begin.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/config.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/mutable_iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/extract_optional_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/const_iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/end.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/implementation_help.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/common.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/sfinae.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/size.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/size_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/difference_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/distance.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/empty.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/rbegin.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/reverse_iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/reverse_iterator.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/next_prior.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/iterator_adaptor.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/rend.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/algorithm/equal.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/concepts.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept_check.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/assert.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/detail/general.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/detail/backward_compatibility.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/detail/has_constraints.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/conversion_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/usage.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/detail/concept_def.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/seq/for_each_i.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/seq/seq.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/seq/elem.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/seq/size.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/seq/enum.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/concept/detail/concept_undef.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/iterator/iterator_concepts.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/value_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/misc_concept.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/safe_bool.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/iterator_range_io.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/find_format.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/as_literal.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/range/detail/str_types.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/concept.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/find_format.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/find_format_store.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/replace_storage.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/sequence_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/yes_no_type.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/sequence.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/find_format_all.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/finder.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/constants.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/finder.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/compare.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/formatter.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/formatter.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/algorithm/string/detail/util.hpp \\\n /usr/include/c++/4.8/iomanip \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/error_info_impl.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/get_error_info.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/current_exception_cast.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/exception/detail/clone_current_exception.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/scoped_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/scoped_ptr.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_fundamental.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function/detail/prologue.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/config/no_tr1/functional.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function/function_base.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/composite_traits.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/type_traits/is_union.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function_equal.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function/function_fwd.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/enum.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/enum_params.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function/detail/function_iterate.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function/detail/maybe_include.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/function/function_template.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/scoped_array.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/scoped_array.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/thread/future_error_code.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/atomic_undef_macros.hpp \\\n /usr/include/boost/detail/atomic_redef_macros.hpp \\\n include/caffe/syncedmem.hpp \\\n include/caffe/util/math_functions.hpp \\\n include/caffe/util/mkl_alternate.hpp \\\n /home/sensetime/caffe/thirdparty/blas/include/cblas.h \\\n /home/sensetime/caffe/thirdparty/blas/include/openblas_config.h \\\n include/caffe/layer.hpp \\\n include/caffe/layer_factory.hpp\n" ]

[ 0.00276067570824478 ]

[ "Spring Colors 2014: 5 Hues to Use at Home\n\nSpring has most certainly not sprung, but it’s coming soon (we hope!)–so why not get a head start on preparing your home for the new season. ", "Just a touch of color can cheer up the atmosphere in your home and help you beat the winter blues. ", "Some our favorite spring hues for the home are straight from the runway: Pantone’s Fashion Colors Spring 2014! ", "Spicy cayenne (pun intended), electrifying dazzling blue and lively freesia are among our picks for bold and vibrant tones. ", "Paloma and hemlock are soft refreshing tones that can give your home an airy feel. ", "A splash of paint, some funky wallpaper and an accessory or two are easy ways to change up the color and refresh your spring decor. ", "Check out these five fresh hues and let us know which one is your favorite!" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0.008064516129032258, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kenneth Sola\n\nKenneth Sola (born 25 August 1985) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a defender for Sandnes Ulf.", "\n\nCareer\n\nNorway\nSola was born in Stavanger and played for IL Havdur, Viking FK and Skeid, before moving to the Norwegian First Division side Stavanger IF in 2006. ", "He played two Norwegian Cup matches for Viking, did no get any caps in the Tippeligaen. ", "He played 82 goals and scored 15 goals for Stavanger IF.", "\n\nUnited States\nSola relocated to the United States in 2010 when he signed to play for the Real Maryland Monarchs in the USL Second Division. ", "He made his debut for the team on 17 April 2010 in the team's 2010 season opener against the Pittsburgh Riverhounds.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nReal Maryland Monarchs bio\n\nCategory:1985 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Sportspeople from Stavanger\nCategory:Norwegian footballers\nCategory:Viking FK players\nCategory:Skeid Fotball players\nCategory:Stavanger IF players\nCategory:Real Maryland F.C. players\nCategory:Sandnes Ulf players\nCategory:1. ", "divisjon players\nCategory:USL Second Division players\nCategory:Eliteserien players\nCategory:Norwegian expatriate footballers\nCategory:Expatriate soccer players in the United States\nCategory:Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in the United States\nCategory:Association football defenders" ]

[ 0.02608695652173913, 0.018292682926829267, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0.0035211267605633804 ]

[ "// Code generated by private/model/cli/gen-api/main.go. ", "DO NOT EDIT.", "\n\npackage marketplacemetering\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"time\"\n\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awsutil\"\n\t\"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request\"\n)\n\nconst opBatchMeterUsage = \"BatchMeterUsage\"\n\n// BatchMeterUsageRequest generates a \"aws/request.", "Request\" representing the\n// client's request for the BatchMeterUsage operation. ", "The \"output\" return\n// value will be populated with the request's response once the request complets\n// successfuly.", "\n//\n// Use \"Send\" method on the returned Request to send the API call to the service.", "\n// the \"output\" return value is not valid until after Send returns without error.", "\n//\n// See BatchMeterUsage for more information on using the BatchMeterUsage\n// API call, and error handling.", "\n//\n// This method is useful when you want to inject custom logic or configuration\n// into the SDK's request lifecycle. ", "Such as custom headers, or retry logic.", "\n//\n//\n// // Example sending a request using the BatchMeterUsageRequest method.", "\n// req, resp := client.", "BatchMeterUsageRequest(params)\n//\n// err := req.", "Send()\n// if err == nil { // resp is now filled\n// fmt.", "Println(resp)\n// }\n//\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/BatchMeterUsage\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) BatchMeterUsageRequest(input *BatchMeterUsageInput) (req *request.", "Request, output *BatchMeterUsageOutput) {\n\top := &request.", "Operation{\n\t\tName: opBatchMeterUsage,\n\t\tHTTPMethod: \"POST\",\n\t\tHTTPPath: \"/\",\n\t}\n\n\tif input == nil {\n\t\tinput = &BatchMeterUsageInput{}\n\t}\n\n\toutput = &BatchMeterUsageOutput{}\n\treq = c.newRequest(op, input, output)\n\treturn\n}\n\n// BatchMeterUsage API operation for AWSMarketplace Metering.", "\n//\n// BatchMeterUsage is called from a SaaS application listed on the AWS Marketplace\n// to post metering records for a set of customers.", "\n//\n// For identical requests, the API is idempotent; requests can be retried with\n// the same records or a subset of the input records.", "\n//\n// Every request to BatchMeterUsage is for one product. ", "If you need to meter\n// usage for multiple products, you must make multiple calls to BatchMeterUsage.", "\n//\n// BatchMeterUsage can process up to 25 UsageRecords at a time.", "\n//\n// Returns awserr.", "Error for service API and SDK errors. ", "Use runtime type assertions\n// with awserr.", "Error's Code and Message methods to get detailed information about\n// the error.", "\n//\n// See the AWS API reference guide for AWSMarketplace Metering's\n// API operation BatchMeterUsage for usage and error information.", "\n//\n// Returned Error Codes:\n// * ErrCodeInternalServiceErrorException \"InternalServiceErrorException\"\n// An internal error has occurred. ", "Retry your request. ", "If the problem persists,\n// post a message with details on the AWS forums.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInvalidProductCodeException \"InvalidProductCodeException\"\n// The product code passed does not match the product code used for publishing\n// the product.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInvalidUsageDimensionException \"InvalidUsageDimensionException\"\n// The usage dimension does not match one of the UsageDimensions associated\n// with products.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInvalidCustomerIdentifierException \"InvalidCustomerIdentifierException\"\n// You have metered usage for a CustomerIdentifier that does not exist.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeTimestampOutOfBoundsException \"TimestampOutOfBoundsException\"\n// The timestamp value passed in the meterUsage() is out of allowed range.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeThrottlingException \"ThrottlingException\"\n// The calls to the MeterUsage API are throttled.", "\n//\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/BatchMeterUsage\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) BatchMeterUsage(input *BatchMeterUsageInput) (*BatchMeterUsageOutput, error) {\n\treq, out := c.BatchMeterUsageRequest(input)\n\treturn out, req.", "Send()\n}\n\n// BatchMeterUsageWithContext is the same as BatchMeterUsage with the addition of\n// the ability to pass a context and additional request options.", "\n//\n// See BatchMeterUsage for details on how to use this API operation.", "\n//\n// The context must be non-nil and will be used for request cancellation. ", "If\n// the context is nil a panic will occur. ", "In the future the SDK may create\n// sub-contexts for http.", "Requests. ", "See https://golang.org/pkg/context/\n// for more information on using Contexts.", "\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) BatchMeterUsageWithContext(ctx aws.", "Context, input *BatchMeterUsageInput, opts ...request.", "Option) (*BatchMeterUsageOutput, error) {\n\treq, out := c.BatchMeterUsageRequest(input)\n\treq.", "SetContext(ctx)\n\treq.", "ApplyOptions(opts...)\n\treturn out, req.", "Send()\n}\n\nconst opMeterUsage = \"MeterUsage\"\n\n// MeterUsageRequest generates a \"aws/request.", "Request\" representing the\n// client's request for the MeterUsage operation. ", "The \"output\" return\n// value will be populated with the request's response once the request complets\n// successfuly.", "\n//\n// Use \"Send\" method on the returned Request to send the API call to the service.", "\n// the \"output\" return value is not valid until after Send returns without error.", "\n//\n// See MeterUsage for more information on using the MeterUsage\n// API call, and error handling.", "\n//\n// This method is useful when you want to inject custom logic or configuration\n// into the SDK's request lifecycle. ", "Such as custom headers, or retry logic.", "\n//\n//\n// // Example sending a request using the MeterUsageRequest method.", "\n// req, resp := client.", "MeterUsageRequest(params)\n//\n// err := req.", "Send()\n// if err == nil { // resp is now filled\n// fmt.", "Println(resp)\n// }\n//\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/MeterUsage\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) MeterUsageRequest(input *MeterUsageInput) (req *request.", "Request, output *MeterUsageOutput) {\n\top := &request.", "Operation{\n\t\tName: opMeterUsage,\n\t\tHTTPMethod: \"POST\",\n\t\tHTTPPath: \"/\",\n\t}\n\n\tif input == nil {\n\t\tinput = &MeterUsageInput{}\n\t}\n\n\toutput = &MeterUsageOutput{}\n\treq = c.newRequest(op, input, output)\n\treturn\n}\n\n// MeterUsage API operation for AWSMarketplace Metering.", "\n//\n// API to emit metering records. ", "For identical requests, the API is idempotent.", "\n// It simply returns the metering record ID.", "\n//\n// MeterUsage is authenticated on the buyer's AWS account, generally when running\n// from an EC2 instance on the AWS Marketplace.", "\n//\n// Returns awserr.", "Error for service API and SDK errors. ", "Use runtime type assertions\n// with awserr.", "Error's Code and Message methods to get detailed information about\n// the error.", "\n//\n// See the AWS API reference guide for AWSMarketplace Metering's\n// API operation MeterUsage for usage and error information.", "\n//\n// Returned Error Codes:\n// * ErrCodeInternalServiceErrorException \"InternalServiceErrorException\"\n// An internal error has occurred. ", "Retry your request. ", "If the problem persists,\n// post a message with details on the AWS forums.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInvalidProductCodeException \"InvalidProductCodeException\"\n// The product code passed does not match the product code used for publishing\n// the product.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInvalidUsageDimensionException \"InvalidUsageDimensionException\"\n// The usage dimension does not match one of the UsageDimensions associated\n// with products.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInvalidEndpointRegionException \"InvalidEndpointRegionException\"\n// The endpoint being called is in a region different from your EC2 instance.", "\n// The region of the Metering service endpoint and the region of the EC2 instance\n// must match.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeTimestampOutOfBoundsException \"TimestampOutOfBoundsException\"\n// The timestamp value passed in the meterUsage() is out of allowed range.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeDuplicateRequestException \"DuplicateRequestException\"\n// A metering record has already been emitted by the same EC2 instance for the\n// given {usageDimension, timestamp} with a different usageQuantity.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeThrottlingException \"ThrottlingException\"\n// The calls to the MeterUsage API are throttled.", "\n//\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/MeterUsage\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) MeterUsage(input *MeterUsageInput) (*MeterUsageOutput, error) {\n\treq, out := c.MeterUsageRequest(input)\n\treturn out, req.", "Send()\n}\n\n// MeterUsageWithContext is the same as MeterUsage with the addition of\n// the ability to pass a context and additional request options.", "\n//\n// See MeterUsage for details on how to use this API operation.", "\n//\n// The context must be non-nil and will be used for request cancellation. ", "If\n// the context is nil a panic will occur. ", "In the future the SDK may create\n// sub-contexts for http.", "Requests. ", "See https://golang.org/pkg/context/\n// for more information on using Contexts.", "\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) MeterUsageWithContext(ctx aws.", "Context, input *MeterUsageInput, opts ...request.", "Option) (*MeterUsageOutput, error) {\n\treq, out := c.MeterUsageRequest(input)\n\treq.", "SetContext(ctx)\n\treq.", "ApplyOptions(opts...)\n\treturn out, req.", "Send()\n}\n\nconst opResolveCustomer = \"ResolveCustomer\"\n\n// ResolveCustomerRequest generates a \"aws/request.", "Request\" representing the\n// client's request for the ResolveCustomer operation. ", "The \"output\" return\n// value will be populated with the request's response once the request complets\n// successfuly.", "\n//\n// Use \"Send\" method on the returned Request to send the API call to the service.", "\n// the \"output\" return value is not valid until after Send returns without error.", "\n//\n// See ResolveCustomer for more information on using the ResolveCustomer\n// API call, and error handling.", "\n//\n// This method is useful when you want to inject custom logic or configuration\n// into the SDK's request lifecycle. ", "Such as custom headers, or retry logic.", "\n//\n//\n// // Example sending a request using the ResolveCustomerRequest method.", "\n// req, resp := client.", "ResolveCustomerRequest(params)\n//\n// err := req.", "Send()\n// if err == nil { // resp is now filled\n// fmt.", "Println(resp)\n// }\n//\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/ResolveCustomer\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) ResolveCustomerRequest(input *ResolveCustomerInput) (req *request.", "Request, output *ResolveCustomerOutput) {\n\top := &request.", "Operation{\n\t\tName: opResolveCustomer,\n\t\tHTTPMethod: \"POST\",\n\t\tHTTPPath: \"/\",\n\t}\n\n\tif input == nil {\n\t\tinput = &ResolveCustomerInput{}\n\t}\n\n\toutput = &ResolveCustomerOutput{}\n\treq = c.newRequest(op, input, output)\n\treturn\n}\n\n// ResolveCustomer API operation for AWSMarketplace Metering.", "\n//\n// ResolveCustomer is called by a SaaS application during the registration process.", "\n// When a buyer visits your website during the registration process, the buyer\n// submits a registration token through their browser. ", "The registration token\n// is resolved through this API to obtain a CustomerIdentifier and product code.", "\n//\n// Returns awserr.", "Error for service API and SDK errors. ", "Use runtime type assertions\n// with awserr.", "Error's Code and Message methods to get detailed information about\n// the error.", "\n//\n// See the AWS API reference guide for AWSMarketplace Metering's\n// API operation ResolveCustomer for usage and error information.", "\n//\n// Returned Error Codes:\n// * ErrCodeInvalidTokenException \"InvalidTokenException\"\n//\n// * ErrCodeExpiredTokenException \"ExpiredTokenException\"\n// The submitted registration token has expired. ", "This can happen if the buyer's\n// browser takes too long to redirect to your page, the buyer has resubmitted\n// the registration token, or your application has held on to the registration\n// token for too long. ", "Your SaaS registration website should redeem this token\n// as soon as it is submitted by the buyer's browser.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeThrottlingException \"ThrottlingException\"\n// The calls to the MeterUsage API are throttled.", "\n//\n// * ErrCodeInternalServiceErrorException \"InternalServiceErrorException\"\n// An internal error has occurred. ", "Retry your request. ", "If the problem persists,\n// post a message with details on the AWS forums.", "\n//\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/ResolveCustomer\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) ResolveCustomer(input *ResolveCustomerInput) (*ResolveCustomerOutput, error) {\n\treq, out := c.ResolveCustomerRequest(input)\n\treturn out, req.", "Send()\n}\n\n// ResolveCustomerWithContext is the same as ResolveCustomer with the addition of\n// the ability to pass a context and additional request options.", "\n//\n// See ResolveCustomer for details on how to use this API operation.", "\n//\n// The context must be non-nil and will be used for request cancellation. ", "If\n// the context is nil a panic will occur. ", "In the future the SDK may create\n// sub-contexts for http.", "Requests. ", "See https://golang.org/pkg/context/\n// for more information on using Contexts.", "\nfunc (c *MarketplaceMetering) ResolveCustomerWithContext(ctx aws.", "Context, input *ResolveCustomerInput, opts ...request.", "Option) (*ResolveCustomerOutput, error) {\n\treq, out := c.ResolveCustomerRequest(input)\n\treq.", "SetContext(ctx)\n\treq.", "ApplyOptions(opts...)\n\treturn out, req.", "Send()\n}\n\n// A BatchMeterUsageRequest contains UsageRecords, which indicate quantities\n// of usage within your application.", "\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/BatchMeterUsageRequest\ntype BatchMeterUsageInput struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// Product code is used to uniquely identify a product in AWS Marketplace. ", "The\n\t// product code should be the same as the one used during the publishing of\n\t// a new product.", "\n\t//\n\t// ProductCode is a required field\n\tProductCode *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// The set of UsageRecords to submit. ", "BatchMeterUsage accepts up to 25 UsageRecords\n\t// at a time.", "\n\t//\n\t// UsageRecords is a required field\n\tUsageRecords []*UsageRecord `type:\"list\" required:\"true\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s BatchMeterUsageInput) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s BatchMeterUsageInput) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// Validate inspects the fields of the type to determine if they are valid.", "\nfunc (s *BatchMeterUsageInput) Validate() error {\n\tinvalidParams := request.", "ErrInvalidParams{Context: \"BatchMeterUsageInput\"}\n\tif s.ProductCode == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"ProductCode\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.ProductCode !", "= nil && len(*s.", "ProductCode) < 1 {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamMinLen(\"ProductCode\", 1))\n\t}\n\tif s.UsageRecords == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"UsageRecords\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.UsageRecords !", "= nil {\n\t\tfor i, v := range s.UsageRecords {\n\t\t\tif v == nil {\n\t\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tif err := v.Validate(); err !", "= nil {\n\t\t\t\tinvalidParams.", "AddNested(fmt.", "Sprintf(\"%s[%v]\", \"UsageRecords\", i), err.(request.", "ErrInvalidParams))\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tif invalidParams.", "Len() > 0 {\n\t\treturn invalidParams\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// SetProductCode sets the ProductCode field's value.", "\nfunc (s *BatchMeterUsageInput) SetProductCode(v string) *BatchMeterUsageInput {\n\ts.ProductCode = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetUsageRecords sets the UsageRecords field's value.", "\nfunc (s *BatchMeterUsageInput) SetUsageRecords(v []*UsageRecord) *BatchMeterUsageInput {\n\ts.UsageRecords = v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// Contains the UsageRecords processed by BatchMeterUsage and any records that\n// have failed due to transient error.", "\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/BatchMeterUsageResult\ntype BatchMeterUsageOutput struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// Contains all UsageRecords processed by BatchMeterUsage. ", "These records were\n\t// either honored by AWS Marketplace Metering Service or were invalid.", "\n\tResults []*UsageRecordResult `type:\"list\"`\n\n\t// Contains all UsageRecords that were not processed by BatchMeterUsage. ", "This\n\t// is a list of UsageRecords. ", "You can retry the failed request by making another\n\t// BatchMeterUsage call with this list as input in the BatchMeterUsageRequest.", "\n\tUnprocessedRecords []*UsageRecord `type:\"list\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s BatchMeterUsageOutput) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s BatchMeterUsageOutput) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// SetResults sets the Results field's value.", "\nfunc (s *BatchMeterUsageOutput) SetResults(v []*UsageRecordResult) *BatchMeterUsageOutput {\n\ts.Results = v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetUnprocessedRecords sets the UnprocessedRecords field's value.", "\nfunc (s *BatchMeterUsageOutput) SetUnprocessedRecords(v []*UsageRecord) *BatchMeterUsageOutput {\n\ts.UnprocessedRecords = v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/MeterUsageRequest\ntype MeterUsageInput struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// Checks whether you have the permissions required for the action, but does\n\t// not make the request. ", "If you have the permissions, the request returns DryRunOperation;\n\t// otherwise, it returns UnauthorizedException.", "\n\t//\n\t// DryRun is a required field\n\tDryRun *bool `type:\"boolean\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// Product code is used to uniquely identify a product in AWS Marketplace. ", "The\n\t// product code should be the same as the one used during the publishing of\n\t// a new product.", "\n\t//\n\t// ProductCode is a required field\n\tProductCode *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// Timestamp of the hour, recorded in UTC. ", "The seconds and milliseconds portions\n\t// of the timestamp will be ignored.", "\n\t//\n\t// Timestamp is a required field\n\tTimestamp *time.", "Time `type:\"timestamp\" timestampFormat:\"unix\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// It will be one of the fcp dimension name provided during the publishing of\n\t// the product.", "\n\t//\n\t// UsageDimension is a required field\n\tUsageDimension *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// Consumption value for the hour.", "\n\t//\n\t// UsageQuantity is a required field\n\tUsageQuantity *int64 `type:\"integer\" required:\"true\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s MeterUsageInput) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s MeterUsageInput) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// Validate inspects the fields of the type to determine if they are valid.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageInput) Validate() error {\n\tinvalidParams := request.", "ErrInvalidParams{Context: \"MeterUsageInput\"}\n\tif s.DryRun == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"DryRun\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.ProductCode == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"ProductCode\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.ProductCode !", "= nil && len(*s.", "ProductCode) < 1 {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamMinLen(\"ProductCode\", 1))\n\t}\n\tif s.Timestamp == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"Timestamp\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.UsageDimension == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"UsageDimension\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.UsageDimension !", "= nil && len(*s.", "UsageDimension) < 1 {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamMinLen(\"UsageDimension\", 1))\n\t}\n\tif s.UsageQuantity == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"UsageQuantity\"))\n\t}\n\n\tif invalidParams.", "Len() > 0 {\n\t\treturn invalidParams\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// SetDryRun sets the DryRun field's value.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageInput) SetDryRun(v bool) *MeterUsageInput {\n\ts.DryRun = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetProductCode sets the ProductCode field's value.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageInput) SetProductCode(v string) *MeterUsageInput {\n\ts.ProductCode = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetTimestamp sets the Timestamp field's value.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageInput) SetTimestamp(v time.", "Time) *MeterUsageInput {\n\ts.Timestamp = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetUsageDimension sets the UsageDimension field's value.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageInput) SetUsageDimension(v string) *MeterUsageInput {\n\ts.UsageDimension = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetUsageQuantity sets the UsageQuantity field's value.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageInput) SetUsageQuantity(v int64) *MeterUsageInput {\n\ts.UsageQuantity = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/MeterUsageResult\ntype MeterUsageOutput struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\tMeteringRecordId *string `type:\"string\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s MeterUsageOutput) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s MeterUsageOutput) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// SetMeteringRecordId sets the MeteringRecordId field's value.", "\nfunc (s *MeterUsageOutput) SetMeteringRecordId(v string) *MeterUsageOutput {\n\ts.MeteringRecordId = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// Contains input to the ResolveCustomer operation.", "\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/ResolveCustomerRequest\ntype ResolveCustomerInput struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// When a buyer visits your website during the registration process, the buyer\n\t// submits a registration token through the browser. ", "The registration token\n\t// is resolved to obtain a CustomerIdentifier and product code.", "\n\t//\n\t// RegistrationToken is a required field\n\tRegistrationToken *string `type:\"string\" required:\"true\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s ResolveCustomerInput) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s ResolveCustomerInput) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// Validate inspects the fields of the type to determine if they are valid.", "\nfunc (s *ResolveCustomerInput) Validate() error {\n\tinvalidParams := request.", "ErrInvalidParams{Context: \"ResolveCustomerInput\"}\n\tif s.RegistrationToken == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"RegistrationToken\"))\n\t}\n\n\tif invalidParams.", "Len() > 0 {\n\t\treturn invalidParams\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// SetRegistrationToken sets the RegistrationToken field's value.", "\nfunc (s *ResolveCustomerInput) SetRegistrationToken(v string) *ResolveCustomerInput {\n\ts.RegistrationToken = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// The result of the ResolveCustomer operation. ", "Contains the CustomerIdentifier\n// and product code.", "\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/ResolveCustomerResult\ntype ResolveCustomerOutput struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// The CustomerIdentifier is used to identify an individual customer in your\n\t// application. ", "Calls to BatchMeterUsage require CustomerIdentifiers for each\n\t// UsageRecord.", "\n\tCustomerIdentifier *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\"`\n\n\t// The product code is returned to confirm that the buyer is registering for\n\t// your product. ", "Subsequent BatchMeterUsage calls should be made using this\n\t// product code.", "\n\tProductCode *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s ResolveCustomerOutput) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s ResolveCustomerOutput) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// SetCustomerIdentifier sets the CustomerIdentifier field's value.", "\nfunc (s *ResolveCustomerOutput) SetCustomerIdentifier(v string) *ResolveCustomerOutput {\n\ts.CustomerIdentifier = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetProductCode sets the ProductCode field's value.", "\nfunc (s *ResolveCustomerOutput) SetProductCode(v string) *ResolveCustomerOutput {\n\ts.ProductCode = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// A UsageRecord indicates a quantity of usage for a given product, customer,\n// dimension and time.", "\n//\n// Multiple requests with the same UsageRecords as input will be deduplicated\n// to prevent double charges.", "\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/UsageRecord\ntype UsageRecord struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// The CustomerIdentifier is obtained through the ResolveCustomer operation\n\t// and represents an individual buyer in your application.", "\n\t//\n\t// CustomerIdentifier is a required field\n\tCustomerIdentifier *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// During the process of registering a product on AWS Marketplace, up to eight\n\t// dimensions are specified. ", "These represent different units of value in your\n\t// application.", "\n\t//\n\t// Dimension is a required field\n\tDimension *string `min:\"1\" type:\"string\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// The quantity of usage consumed by the customer for the given dimension and\n\t// time.", "\n\t//\n\t// Quantity is a required field\n\tQuantity *int64 `type:\"integer\" required:\"true\"`\n\n\t// Timestamp of the hour, recorded in UTC. ", "The seconds and milliseconds portions\n\t// of the timestamp will be ignored.", "\n\t//\n\t// Your application can meter usage for up to one hour in the past.", "\n\t//\n\t// Timestamp is a required field\n\tTimestamp *time.", "Time `type:\"timestamp\" timestampFormat:\"unix\" required:\"true\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s UsageRecord) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s UsageRecord) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// Validate inspects the fields of the type to determine if they are valid.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecord) Validate() error {\n\tinvalidParams := request.", "ErrInvalidParams{Context: \"UsageRecord\"}\n\tif s.CustomerIdentifier == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"CustomerIdentifier\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.CustomerIdentifier !", "= nil && len(*s.", "CustomerIdentifier) < 1 {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamMinLen(\"CustomerIdentifier\", 1))\n\t}\n\tif s.Dimension == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"Dimension\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.Dimension !", "= nil && len(*s.", "Dimension) < 1 {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamMinLen(\"Dimension\", 1))\n\t}\n\tif s.Quantity == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"Quantity\"))\n\t}\n\tif s.Timestamp == nil {\n\t\tinvalidParams.", "Add(request.", "NewErrParamRequired(\"Timestamp\"))\n\t}\n\n\tif invalidParams.", "Len() > 0 {\n\t\treturn invalidParams\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// SetCustomerIdentifier sets the CustomerIdentifier field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecord) SetCustomerIdentifier(v string) *UsageRecord {\n\ts.CustomerIdentifier = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetDimension sets the Dimension field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecord) SetDimension(v string) *UsageRecord {\n\ts.Dimension = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetQuantity sets the Quantity field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecord) SetQuantity(v int64) *UsageRecord {\n\ts.Quantity = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetTimestamp sets the Timestamp field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecord) SetTimestamp(v time.", "Time) *UsageRecord {\n\ts.Timestamp = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// A UsageRecordResult indicates the status of a given UsageRecord processed\n// by BatchMeterUsage.", "\n// Please also see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/meteringmarketplace-2016-01-14/UsageRecordResult\ntype UsageRecordResult struct {\n\t_ struct{} `type:\"structure\"`\n\n\t// The MeteringRecordId is a unique identifier for this metering event.", "\n\tMeteringRecordId *string `type:\"string\"`\n\n\t// The UsageRecordResult Status indicates the status of an individual UsageRecord\n\t// processed by BatchMeterUsage.", "\n\t//\n\t// * Success- The UsageRecord was accepted and honored by BatchMeterUsage.", "\n\t//\n\t// * CustomerNotSubscribed- The CustomerIdentifier specified is not subscribed\n\t// to your product. ", "The UsageRecord was not honored. ", "Future UsageRecords\n\t// for this customer will fail until the customer subscribes to your product.", "\n\t//\n\t// * DuplicateRecord- Indicates that the UsageRecord was invalid and not\n\t// honored. ", "A previously metered UsageRecord had the same customer, dimension,\n\t// and time, but a different quantity.", "\n\tStatus *string `type:\"string\" enum:\"UsageRecordResultStatus\"`\n\n\t// The UsageRecord that was part of the BatchMeterUsage request.", "\n\tUsageRecord *UsageRecord `type:\"structure\"`\n}\n\n// String returns the string representation\nfunc (s UsageRecordResult) String() string {\n\treturn awsutil.", "Prettify(s)\n}\n\n// GoString returns the string representation\nfunc (s UsageRecordResult) GoString() string {\n\treturn s.String()\n}\n\n// SetMeteringRecordId sets the MeteringRecordId field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecordResult) SetMeteringRecordId(v string) *UsageRecordResult {\n\ts.MeteringRecordId = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetStatus sets the Status field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecordResult) SetStatus(v string) *UsageRecordResult {\n\ts.Status = &v\n\treturn s\n}\n\n// SetUsageRecord sets the UsageRecord field's value.", "\nfunc (s *UsageRecordResult) SetUsageRecord(v *UsageRecord) *UsageRecordResult {\n\ts.UsageRecord = v\n\treturn s\n}\n\nconst (\n\t// UsageRecordResultStatusSuccess is a UsageRecordResultStatus enum value\n\tUsageRecordResultStatusSuccess = \"Success\"\n\n\t// UsageRecordResultStatusCustomerNotSubscribed is a UsageRecordResultStatus enum value\n\tUsageRecordResultStatusCustomerNotSubscribed = \"CustomerNotSubscribed\"\n\n\t// UsageRecordResultStatusDuplicateRecord is a UsageRecordResultStatus enum value\n\tUsageRecordResultStatusDuplicateRecord = \"DuplicateRecord\"\n)\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0.008333333333333333, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0.007246376811594203, 0.007352941176470588, 0.016666666666666666, 0.009900990099009901, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0.05263157894736842, 0, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0.00641025641025641, 0, 0.0071174377224199285, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0.020202020202020204, 0.008333333333333333, 0, 0.012987012987012988, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0, 0.0047169811320754715, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0.021739130434782608, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0.05263157894736842, 0, 0, 0.015503875968992248, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0.00641025641025641, 0, 0, 0.0078125, 0.00684931506849315, 0.029850746268656716, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0.008333333333333333, 0, 0, 0.037037037037037035, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0.05263157894736842, 0, 0, 0.022388059701492536, 0.0049261083743842365, 0.004608294930875576, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0.0071174377224199285, 0.00641025641025641, 0.013888888888888888, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0.015151515151515152, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0, 0, 0.016260162601626018, 0.0038910505836575876, 0, 0.007042253521126761, 0.016666666666666666, 0.009433962264150943, 0.009615384615384616, 0.012987012987012988, 0, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0.018867924528301886, 0.005917159763313609, 0.008333333333333333, 0.012448132780082987, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.027777777777777776, 0, 0, 0, 0.005319148936170213, 0.004866180048661801, 0.008771929824561403, 0, 0, 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0, 0.006944444444444444, 0.004901960784313725, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.015625, 0.0625, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0.006896551724137931, 0, 0, 0.008695652173913044, 0.011976047904191617, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0.005988023952095809, 0.0031746031746031746, 0, 0.009216589861751152, 0.004807692307692308, 0, 0.010101010101010102, 0, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0.038461538461538464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00546448087431694, 0.004629629629629629, 0.009009009009009009, 0.013468013468013467, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008333333333333333, 0.018867924528301886, 0.02158273381294964, 0.028985507246376812, 0, 0.013245033112582781, 0.004081632653061225, 0.0125, 0.024096385542168676, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0.009174311926605505, 0.015384615384615385, 0.006493506493506494, 0, 0.012422360248447204, 0.006622516556291391, 0.005474452554744526 ]