Datasets:

---

tomekkorbak

/

pii-pile-chunk3-1650000-1700000

like 0

[ "Unusual fluorescence red shifts in (TICT)-forming boranes.", "\nPyrrole substituted mesitylboranes and benzonitriles show highly solvent sensitive forbidden emission. ", "In twisted model compounds, both fluorescence red shift and forbiddenness are increased." ]

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Lysolecithin concentration in pancreatic tissue during therapy with phospholipase A2-inhibitors in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.", "\nFour hours after hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in experimental animals the concentration of lysolecithin in pancreatic tissue rose (p = 0.0025). ", "Parenteral administration of unspecific inhibitors of phospholipase A2, such as chlorpromazine, gabexat mesilat and CaNa2 EDTA, can neither inhibit elevation of the enzyme nor influence the course of the disease." ]

[ 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0.0047169811320754715 ]

[ "Q:\n\nIs the paper \"Field Wiring and Noise Considerations for Analog Signals\" talking about AC or DC signal level?", "\n\nThe paper Field Wiring and Noise Considerations for Analog Signals mentions the following info:\n\nSingle-ended input connections can be used when all input signals meet\n the following criteria: \nInput signals are high level (greater than 1 V)\n\nWhat meant by \"1V\" is AC or DC here? ", "Do they mean by 1V a swing or offset?", "\nIn other words if the signal offset is 5V but the max swing is 100mV should I use differential ended?", "\n\nA:\n\nThey are referring to the amplitude of the signal, so the AC component. ", " Whether the signals themselves always stay positive, or have negative peaks, doesn't really matter.", "\nThe point is signal to noise ratio. ", " All they are saying is that you shouldn't use single-ended connections, with their inherent susceptibility to common mode noise, when the signal is less than 1 V.\nThis is clearly meant to be a rough guide. ", " For example, they are saying it would be OK to use single-ended signals for line-level audio, but not for microphone level audio, for example.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.026785714285714284, 0.01060070671378092, 0, 0.00980392156862745, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Effect of recombinant gamma interferon on natural killer cell activity in patients with gastric cancer.", "\nWe investigated the effect of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) in vitro on natural killer (NK) cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with gastric cancer. ", "Thirty untreated patients with gastric cancer and eleven healthy donors were studied. ", "NK cell activity in healthy donors was 38.6 +/- 5.2%. ", "In patients with gastric cancer, NK cell activity was 32.4 +/- 3.9% in stage I, 35.5 +/- 7.1% in stages II and III, and 22.4 +/- 3.9% in stage IV. ", "NK cell activity in stage IV patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls or gastric cancer patients in stages I-III. ", "After stimulation by rIFN-gamma, NK cell activity increased in all groups, and in stage IV patients NK cell activity recovered to normal levels. ", "However, there was no significant increase in the proportion of Leu 7 positive or Leu 11 positive cells in PBL. ", "In conclusion rIFN-gamma enhances the activity of NK cells, but does not increase the number of active NK cells." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013605442176870748, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "597 F.2d 986\nWilbur P. BOLIUS, Petitioner-Appellant,v.Louie L. WAINWRIGHT, Secretary, Department of OffenderRehabilitation, State of Florida, Respondent-Appellee.", "\nNo. ", "78-1966.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Fifth Circuit.", "\nJune 29, 1979.", "\n\nGregory H. Fisher, St. Petersburg, Fla., for petitioner-appellant.", "\nWilliam I. Munsey, Jr., Asst. ", "Atty. ", "Gen., Tampa, Fla., for respondent-appellee.", "\nAppeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.", "\nBefore GODBOLD, Circuit Judge, SKELTON*, Senior Judge, and RUBIN, Circuit Judge.", "\nALVIN B. RUBIN, Circuit Judge:\n\n\n1\nIn this collateral proceeding, 28 U.S.C. § 2254, Wilbur P. Bolius challenges state court convictions for several felonies established by virtue of his own guilty pleas,1 alleging that the state court should not have accepted his pleas without first conducting an adequate hearing into his mental competency.2 Finding a substantial question as to Bolius's competency at the time of pleading and that sufficient evidence was available to decide the question itself, the district court held a Nunc pro tunc hearing and determined that Bolius had been competent to plead. ", " Bolius now challenges both the district court's ability to make a meaningful determination of his prior competency and the correctness of the district court's decision. ", " We affirm the district court on both counts.", "\n\n\n2\nDue process forbids the conviction of an accused person for a crime in a trial held when he is legally incompetent.3 Pate v. Robinson, 1966, 383 U.S. 375, 378, 86 S.Ct. ", "836, 838, 15 L.Ed.2d 815, 818. ", " See also Bishop v. United States, 1956, 350 U.S. 961, 76 S.Ct. ", "440, 100 L.Ed. ", "835. ", " If the state court fails to conduct an adequate hearing on the question of competency before proceeding with trial or accepting a guilty plea, and the habeas petitioner shows that there then existed \"real, substantial and legitimate doubt as to (his) mental capacity,\" Bruce v. Estelle, 5 Cir. ", "1973,483 F.2d 1031, 1043 (Bruce I), the district court has an obligation to examine the question when it considers the petition for habeas corpus. ", " See Lee v. Alabama, 5 Cir. ", "en banc 1967, 386 F.2d 97, 108.", "\n\n\n3\nAlthough both the Supreme Court and this circuit are aware of the risks connected with Nunc pro tunc competency hearings, such inquiries have been allowed if there is sufficient evidence available reasonably to ensure that a reliable determination of competency can be made. ", " See United States v. Makris, 5 Cir. ", "1976, 535 F.2d 899, 904-05, Cert. ", "denied, 1977, 430 U.S. 954, 97 S.Ct. ", "1598, 51 L.Ed.2d 803, and cases cited therein. ", " We have left to the discretion of the trial court in each case, subject to appellate review, the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to make a retrospective determination of competence. ", " E. g., Bruce I, Supra, 483 F.2d at 1042; Lee v. Alabama, supra, 386 F.2d at 108. ", " There was no abuse of discretion here.", "\n\n\n4\nIn United States v. Makris, supra, 535 F.2d at 904, we noted that, with \"sufficient evidence in the record derived from knowledge contemporaneous to trial,\" it was appropriate for the trial court to proceed with the retrospective determination. ", " See also Bruce v. Estelle, 5 Cir. ", "1976, 536 F.2d 1051, 1057-58, Cert. ", "denied, 1977, 429 U.S. 1053, 97 S.Ct. ", "767, 50 L.Ed.2d 770 (Bruce II). ", " In conjunction with other information, even the recollections of people who had the opportunity to form a judgment about the defendant's mental status when the plea was entered \"may in some instances provide a sufficient base upon which a fact-finder may rest his decision\" to make a retrospective determination. ", " Makris, supra, 535 F.2d at 905.", "\n\n\n5\nIn this instance, the trial court had available a psychiatric evaluation, a psychological report, both contemporaneous with the defendant's pleas, and a transcript of the rearraignment. ", " It could also refer to the testimony of the state prosecutor and the public defender who were at the rearraignment. ", " While the district court might have had access to a smaller data bank than the ones available to the judges in Bruce and Makris, we cannot say that it was an abuse of discretion to decide, as an initial matter, that the court would be able to conduct a meaningful Nunc pro tunc determination of Bolius's competency.", "\n\n\n6\nBefore considering the correctness of the court's determination of competency, we note the correct standard of appellate review in this federal habeas proceeding. ", " In Makris, supra, 535 F.2d at 907, which involved direct review of a federal conviction, we interpreted the Supreme Court's cautious language in Drope v. Missouri, 1975, 420 U.S. 162, 175 n. 10, 95 S.Ct. ", "896, 905, 43 L.Ed.2d 103, 115,4 to mean that, while the clearly erroneous rule applies to the lower court's findings of fact on the question of competency, \"we should take a hard look at the trial judge's ultimate conclusion and not allow the talisman of clearly erroneous to substitute for thoroughgoing appellate review of quasi-legal issues.\" ", " In Bruce II, Supra, 536 F.2d at 1058, we found this standard5 applicable to our review of district court findings of competency in state habeas cases.", "\n\n\n7\nThe district court expressly relied on five factors, set forth in the margin,6 in reaching its conclusion. ", " We agree with Bolius's appellate counsel that the testimony of trial counsel cannot be treated as evidence coming from a totally disinterested witness. ", " Had counsel testified to anything other than Bolius's competence to plead guilty, he would have placed himself in an awkward ethical position by revealing that he had allowed his client to plead guilty at a time when he personally believed Bolius to be incompetent. ", " For a similar reason, we believe that the testimony of Bolius's competence offered by the state prosecutor must also be discounted. ", " The prosecutor could not have testified to a subjective belief that Bolius was incompetent without opening himself to a charge that he negotiated for and recommended that the court accept a plea from a defendant whom he believed incompetent. ", " We have no reason to doubt the veracity of the witnesses; we are merely suggesting that the weight of their testimony must be discounted by the possibility of a conflict of interest that we have mentioned. ", " See Bruce II, Supra, 536 F.2d at 1061-62. ", " We see no indication in the record that the district court considered the potential conflict as part of the process of weighing the credibility of the witnesses. ", " To the contrary, the court called the testimony of the defense counsel at trial the \"most significant\" factor in the determination of competence. ", " See note 6, Supra.", "\n\n\n8\nThe transcript of the re-arraignment was also one of the listed factors. ", " Our examination of the transcript reveals that Bolius coherently answered all the questions of the court. ", " The questions covered Bolius's family, employment, and prison record, as well as his understanding of the significance of pleading guilty. ", " We are well aware that a printed record cannot reveal the subtle indicia of a person's true mental state as well as direct observation. ", " Bruce II, Supra, 536 F.2d at 1062. ", " However, this record is far from worthless. ", " While the bare transcript alone may not have been sufficient, the court quite reasonably could have based its decision in part on its reading of the record of the proceeding.", "\n\n\n9\nThe district court also had available the contemporaneous opinions of the two experts (in the form of written reports), as well as their retrospective views (one in the form of a deposition and the other by way of testimony at the competency hearing). ", " In this appeal, defense counsel does not dispute that the district court was obliged to make its own determination of competency after weighing the conflicting views of the two experts. ", " Counsel's only complaint is that the district court's credibility choice between the two experts was colored by the fact that only one expert, Dr. Merin, testified in person at the competency hearing. ", " However, no reason is offered to explain why Bolius's counsel did not bring the other expert, Dr. Meadows, to the hearing or attempt to have him subpoenaed.7 Moreover, we have no indication that the physical presence of only one expert had any deleterious effect on the district court's decision. ", " Depositions are, of course, fully admissible as evidence in the appropriate circumstance. ", " See F.R.Civ.", "P. 32(a).", "\n\n\n10\nFinally, Bolius has alleged that certain evidence was omitted from the record, denying him a complete determination of his competency. ", " While there may have been other potential evidence, such as the testimony of relatives and other medical records, Bolius's counsel has given no indication why he was unable to put this information into evidence. ", " There is no reason to lay the blame for these omissions on the trial judge.", "\n\n\n11\nOur review of the evidence indicates that, although the trial court did not make a specific finding on the question, Bolius may well have been suffering from a form of schizophrenia at the time he entered his plea. ", " If he was not suffering from any illness or other mental disability, then Bolius's claim of incompetency immediately fails. ", " See Bruce II, Supra, 536 F.2d at 1060. ", " However, the mere presence of mental illness or other mental disability at the time Bolius entered his plea does not necessarily mean that he was incompetent to plead under the Dusky test. ", " Dusky v. United States, 1960,362 U.S. 402, 80 S.Ct. ", "788, 4 L.Ed.2d 824. ", " The mental illness or disability must have been so debilitating that Bolius was unable to consult with his lawyer and did not have a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings. ", " See note 3, Supra. ", " While we have expressed our skepticism of the value of some of the evidence available to the district court, we do not find that the court's determination of competence was incorrect. ", " The court had to resolve conflicts in the evidence; however, what was presented in favor of a determination of competency was weighty enough to sustain the judge's assessment of the scales. ", " Compare Bruce II, Supra, 536 F.2d at 1062-63. ", " Therefore, we AFFIRM the district court.8\n\n\n\n*\n Senior Judge, United States Court of Claims, sitting by designation\n\n\n1\n The convictions were affirmed on direct appeal in state court. ", " Bolius v. State, Fla.Dist.", "Ct.", "App.1975, 319 So.2d 85\n\n\n2\n After pleading not guilty in state court, Bolius moved for a sanity hearing. ", " This motion was denied. ", " However, he was examined by a psychiatrist, Dr. Richard Meadows, who concluded that he was incompetent to stand trial or assist in his defense. ", " Upon motion of the state, the trial court appointed a clinical psychologist, Dr. Sidney Merin, to examine the petitioner. ", " This second expert, disagreeing with the findings of his colleague, concluded that Bolius was competent to stand trial. ", " Bolius later changed his plea to guilty. ", " The public defender told the court that his client understood that, by changing his plea, he waived his possible insanity defense. ", " After questioning Bolius briefly to determine that he understood the charges, the trial court accepted the plea without first expressly determining that Bolius was then competent to plead guilty\n\n\n3\n The standard for determining the defendant's competency to stand trial in federal court was established in Dusky v. United States, 1960, 362 U.S. 402, 402, 80 S.Ct. ", "788, 789, 4 L.Ed.2d 824, 825:\n\"whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.\"", "\nWe have used the same standard to examine competency to stand trial in state court. ", " E. g., Bruce v. Estelle, 5 Cir. ", "1976, 536 F.2d 1051, 1059, Cert. ", "denied, 1977, 429 U.S. 1053, 97 S.Ct. ", "767, 50 L.Ed.2d 770 (Bruce II). ", " In the context of a federal habeas case brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, we held that the Dusky test of mental competency also applies to entering a plea in a federal criminal case. ", " Malinauskas v. United States, 5 Cir. ", "1974, 505 F.2d 649, 650. ", " Although this court has not expressly discussed the issue in the context of a § 2254 habeas challenge to a plea entered in state court, we have no doubt that the same standard applies. ", " Compare Curry v. Estelle, 5 Cir. ", "1976, 531 F.2d 766. ", " But see Sieling v. Eyman, 9 Cir. ", "1973, 478 F.2d 211. ", " See generally Comment, Competence to Plead Guilty: A New Standard, 1974 Duke L.J. 149 (1974).", "\n\n\n4\n Quoting Watts v. Indiana, 1949, 338 U.S. 49, 51, 69 S.Ct. ", "1347, 1348, 93 L.Ed. ", "1801, 1802, the Supreme Court said:\n\"But 'issue of fact' is a coat of many colors. ", " It does not cover a conclusion drawn from uncontroverted happenings, when that conclusion incorporates standards of conduct or criteria for judgment which in themselves are decisive of constitutional rights. ", " Such standards and criteria, measured against the requirements drawn from constitutional provisions, and their proper applications, are issues for this Court's adjudication. ", " Especially in cases arising under the Due Process Clause it is important to distinguish between issues of fact that are here foreclosed and issues which, though cast in the form of determinations of fact, are the very issues to review which this Court sits.\"", "\n\n\n5\n Judge Clark called it \"(t)he combination hard look/clearly erroneous formulation.\" ", " 536 F.2d at 1058\n\n\n6\n \"(1) (T)he transcript of the rearraignment which indicated that Plaintiff was aware of the nature of the charges against him and that he was aware of the consequences of entering a guilty plea; (2) the report and testimony of Dr. Merin indicating that Petitioner was able to give a clear and coherent account of his involvement in the alleged offenses during a five hour clinical examination, and that Petitioner was in touch with reality, possessing both recent and remote memory; (3) the deposition of Dr. Meadows in which he stated that Petitioner gave a clear and coherent account of the crimes for which he was charged; (4) the testimony of William R. Webb, (state prosecutor) relating to Petitioner's demeanor during rearraignment, and most significantly, (5) the testimony of Petitioner's trial counsel, Jeffery Myers, to the effect that Petitioner was able to relate facts to him coherently, that Petitioner had his senses under control, and that he was in command of the situation.\"", "\n\n\n7\n Two weeks after the evidentiary hearing was held in the Tampa Division of the Middle District of Florida, the deposition of Dr. Meadows was taken in Tampa and made part of the record. ", " The deposition does not reveal why Dr. Meadows did not appear at the hearing\n\n\n8\n In affirming the district court, we pretermit the question of our jurisdiction to consider this appeal on the merits. ", " Compare Browder v. Director, Dept. ", "of Corrections, 1978, 434 U.S. 257, 98 S.Ct. ", "556, 54 L.Ed.2d 521, and In re Morrow, 5 Cir. ", "1974, 502 F.2d 520 With Fidelity & Deposit Co. v. USAFORM Hail Pool, Inc., 5 Cir. ", "1975, 523 F.2d 744, Cert. ", "denied, 1976, 425 U.S. 950, 96 S.Ct. ", "1725, 48 L.Ed.2d 194, and Smith v. Jackson Tool & Die, Inc., 5 Cir. ", "1970, 426 F.2d 5 (per curiam)\n\n\n" ]

[ 0.030864197530864196, 0, 0, 0.043478260869565216, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0.06451612903225806, 0, 0, 0, 0.024691358024691357, 0.009917355371900827, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003389830508474576, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.004, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0625, 0, 0, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0.00975609756097561, 0, 0, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0.00749063670411985, 0.007518796992481203, 0.00411522633744856, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0049504950495049506, 0.006688963210702341, 0, 0, 0, 0.0070921985815602835, 0.004694835680751174, 0, 0.004524886877828055, 0.008, 0.025, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0, 0.005291005291005291, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0.010810810810810811, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0.006896551724137931, 0.008130081300813009, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0.00273224043715847, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0, 0, 0.015625, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.005714285714285714, 0.003861003861003861, 0.011235955056179775, 0.011834319526627219, 0.010526315789473684, 0.004975124378109453, 0, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0 ]

[ "By: Patrick Goonan\n\nIn general, an unconditional attitude of friendliness toward yourself as a condition for deep transformation is indispensable. ", "Also, it is important to have skillful needs to work with your past conditioning. ", "Skillful means can includes things like cognitive therapy, various types of practices such as yoga, meditation or techniques for dealing with your internal critic. ", "In this category, I would place things the Taming Your Gremlin book, which is a mainstay of the Co-Active Coaching model.", "\n\nIn the the introductory paragraphs, I’m speaking about targeting one particular area. ", "However, below I will talk about working on all levels of your being and across various life domains together in order to increase the probability of a personal transformation taking place. ", "By transformation, I mean a move up from one plateau of development to another. ", "This is a process where you transcend the old level, identify with the new and embrace the lower level by integrating it into a more comprehensive identity.", "\n\nIn other words, you have to transcend, then include the lower level as you move up. ", "However in order to do so, you will have to pass through a transitional period of discomfort. ", "Because you have separated from a lower level, but not fully stablized an identification with the next level, you will experience some anxiety or fear. ", "More directly, you will feel some sort of threat to your identity. ", "This desert period provokes anxiety because it seems to threaten your survival. ", "At least this is how your brain often interprets a threat to your ego. ", "The mechanism is mediated by the limbic system or mammalian brain, which interprets your present internal state as an actual threat to your existence.", "\n\nThis general process of going up in steps is called a stage conception of development and you can talk about the upward path as a developmental line. ", "Some examples of developmental lines are cognitive, emotional, social and spiritual. ", "You can think of them as types of intelligence or different personal capacities. ", "However, the same idea would apply to groups such as the unfolding of civilizations from hunter gather through industrial capitalism and into the information age.", "\n\nAt this point in my discussion, I want to elaborate on a helpful map of reality that is particularly suited for personal growth. ", "This model is known as the Integral Model and was developed and popularized by Ken Wilber. ", "I believe it’s a an excellent map of the territory of deep change because it includes all the irreducible aspects of life inherent to the human condition.", "\n\nThe integral model looks at the interior of things (e.g. your own thought process, feeling life, etc.) ", "and the exterior world (your body, observable events in the world, etc.). ", "It also considers interactions between individuals and objects, which is to say that it considers the collective nature of phenomenon and the emergent properties of systems.", "\n\nEmergent properties can’t be explained away in terms of simply looking at the parts that make up a whole. ", "Two good examples are life and intelligence. ", "You can’t explain life completely by just considering the large molecules that constitute a living organism. ", "Similarly, you can’t explain consciousness and intelligence in terms of the sum of physical structures that make up the brain or the electrical impulses occurring within it. ", "Some would argue that you can, but we don’t seem to be there yet. ", "In fact, it’s even difficult to understand what matter is from a quantum perspective.", "\n\nIn simpler terms, the Integral Model takes into consideration individuals and how they interact in collectives such as a group, organization or society. ", "The model also assumes that collectives have interiors as well as emergent properties. ", "For example, a society has shared values, beliefs and other qualities that can’t be observed via the sense or their extensions. ", "Also, a collective has emergent qualities that can’t be explained in terms of the sum of the parts. ", "That is to say, you can’t understand the whole by merely looking at each of the parts. ", "The nature of water is not simply the sum of the properties of the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom that constitute it.", "\n\nIt is easier to understand this model if you can see it visually. ", "Here is a simplified diagram that will help you grasp the points I have made so far. ", "Notice, the horizontal axis separates the individual dimension from the collective and the vertical axis separates the interior from the exterior. ", "If you take some time to study this diagram, it will make the rest of the article easier.", "\n\nAgain, one quadrant of this model can not be reduced or completely explained in terms of another. ", "That is to say that you can’t completely understand the nature of consciousness (Quadrant 1) by measuring physical correlations such as neurons firing in the brain (Quadrant 2). ", "You also can’t completely explain the dynamics of a society (Quadrant 3) by looking at the sum of observable behavior of the individuals that make it up (Quadrant 2). ", "That is to say, all phenomenon have four irreducible aspects and many of the irreducible complexities in systems correspond to emergent properties.", "\n\nTherefore, when we look at our own behavior, we must consider what is going on inside of us in terms of thoughts, feelings and other Q1 parts of ourselves. ", "At the same time, we need to deal with our outer behavior Q2 and also consider the systems we are embedded in such as our families, work environments and society. ", "These of course are all Q3 areas and then each of these external systems has it’s own value system, worldviews, etc. (", "Q4). ", "This is a fancy way of saying that everything is interconnected or interrelated. ", "In other words, to understand something you must look at the inside, the outside, the parts, the whole and how they all interact.", "\n\nThis model can be helpful with respect to personal development because it is largely the systems we are embedded in and their interior aspects held as unexamined assumptions that keep us stuck. ", "In general, systems resist change and when an individual in a system tries to make a change, the interconnected nature of the whole system tends to pull the individual back to the status quo before any personal development work can have an impact.", "\n\nHowever, by examining an issue against the four quadrant model, you get an awareness of the systems you participate in, how they effect you and your unconscious cultural assumptions. ", "This allows you to overcome the almost magnetic pull of the systems dynamics and cultural beliefs on your values, beliefs and behaviors. ", "With this increased awareness, you have increased freedom via the process of disidentification. ", "By disidentification, I mean the separation of your sense of self with your old level of development and prior to your identification with the next level. ", "You can think of the in between state as a dotted line relationship to both levels. ", "This is the desert area or where you will tend to feel anxious or scared.", "\n\nIf you think about it, conditioning is a cultural phenomenon. ", "It is a belief or value or system of beliefs and values programmed into you by a group. ", "This is another reason why it’s so difficult to make a permanent change. ", "There are many forces you are mostly unaware of acting to preserve the status quo. ", "For example, shame relates back to the norms of a group and guilt with a lack of alignment with your own internal value system which may or may not be highly conditioned.", "\n\nAnother dimension of the model is developmental lines which I discussed above. ", "Since this article is about personal growth, one of the Q1 lines such as cognition, morals or emotions is probably where you are looking to grow or seeking a change. ", "You can consider these various lines like spokes on a wheel originating from the center and moving outward. ", "Since we are considering a stage conception, each step will look like a rung in a ladder. ", "Moving up a stage is not like moving along a continuum, you are either alive or not, have self-reflective capacity or not.", "\n\nCertainly, evolution follows this stepwise progression from fish, to reptiles to mammals. ", "Depending upon your personal beliefs, you can also consider a progression like matter, life, mind, soul and spirit as a stage progression. ", "Certainly, the worlds great wisdom traditions agree on this basic progression and you can consider these worldviews as part of the model if you want to. ", "Specifically, organized religion or worldviews belong in the fourth quadrant. ", "In business, the companies shared vision and mission statement belong in this quadrant along with what we call company culture.", "\n\nYou can also see this type of progression in a collective such as a societal progression from hunter-gather to agrarian, agriculture to industrial, etc. ", "Interestingly, you will observe a correlative developmental line in each quadrant for each of these stages! ", "Therefore, in Q4 or the interior of the society, you will see belief systems corresponding to each stage a civilization goes through in Q3 i.e. magical beliefs will be found in hunter-gatherer societies and mythical beliefs in agrarian ones. ", "The quadrants are all related and we can use this knowledge to help us overcome the resistance of systems to changes by creating some reflective distance between ourselves and our shared beliefs.", "\n\nHere are two diagrams, one simple and one more complex that will give you a deeper sense of how this all works together. ", "In the first one you can see various developmental lines in each quadrant without a label and understand each as having steps like a ladder. ", "If you keep reading, I’ll explain this further.", "\n\nIn this diagram, the yellow concentric circles represent levels, the green lines the various lines of development in each quadrant and you can see how each quadrant relates to but is not reducible to the other. ", "That is, each quadrant requires skillful means unique to this aspect of reality. ", "For example, a microscope (Q2-instrument) won’t help you to study love (Q1). ", "Studying social interactions (Q3) won’t help you to understand the underlying religion or worldview (Q4) that drives a lot of social behavior.", "\n\nAt this point, you probably have a good feel for the Integral Model. ", "However, it could get very complicated and while it’s good for self-development work, it also lends itself to extremely complex studies of organizations, living systems, etc. ", "If you think about it, it has the potential to integrate the arts, science and morals into a comprehensive unity and it has the same power for integrating the different aspects of a human life.", "\n\nIn fact, the Integral Model is probably the most comprehensive model that one can use to study and organization, its processes, culture, etc. ", "I consider this to be the leading edge of organizational development. ", "It also lends itself well to working with leaders of organizations, determining appropriate metrics and putting various types of feedback loops and other processes in place. ", "Therefore, I go just a lit deeper below before moving on to a simplification that can help you use the model’s principles in your own personal growth.", "\n\nFor your own edification and curiosity, here is a more complete four quadrant model diagram that fills in more detail. ", "You don’t need to learn it at this level, but having an appreciation of it will help you understand its potential integrating power at the individual level and for analyzing complex modern day problems. ", "Just look over this diagram and move on unless you have a deep interest in the theory or applying it in a more complex context like an organization.", "\n\nThe Integral Model – some specific applications such as personal growth and leadership\n\nThe most interesting thing about this diagram is the levels are represented by different colors and you can see some specific developmental lines and how a particular line in one quadrant corresponds to another line in an another quadrant. ", "I talked about this above, but here you can see specific examples in a visual context. ", "When working with organizations, we have often use this stage conception and even subdivide it further.", "\n\nHowever, you may be asking yourself what does this have to do about be making a change in my life. ", "The answer is that by choosing growth practices for each quadrant and expressing them in each quadrant, you are more likely to have a transformation that is long lasting. ", "That is, if you work in this way you are more likely to stabilize the things you are working on into a permanent trait rather than a temporary altered state. ", "This integration also implies embodying your insights by expressing them deeply in each quadrant – self (Q1), culture (Q4) and nature (Q2 and Q3). ", "In other words, with this approach you get synergistic effects and integrate the new capacities into all the domains of life. ", "In this way, you get the systems working for you rather than against you.", "\n\nOn a practical level, this means picking one or several developmental lines to work with, choosing practices that help to develop those lines and finding ways to exercise the developing capacities in each of the four quadrants. ", "I realize there is a lot of new vocabulary and concepts here, so again a diagram might help. ", "This diagram is where the rubber meets the road in terms of applying and benefiting from the theory.", "\n\nWith this matrix, you can take advantage of the Integral Model without having to do a deep dive on all the theory because by your choices, you are working on different lines across quadrants and in all the domains of your life. ", "The specific instructions for using this matrix are in the diagram’s caption. ", "You simply pick one practice for each of the four core modules. ", "This gets you working in both your interior and your exterior dimesnions. ", "Then you add auxiliary practices which are collective by their nature and involve both interior and exterior dimensions too. ", "The point is that by working across all quadrants and on various lines, you are more likely to grow and stabilize that growth into permanent change. ", "This method of working also encourages and integration of your various capacities and intelligences. ", "As such, it is a holistic approach that touches you and your relationships in a very deep way.", "\n\nThe specific approach to transformation practice above is called an Integral Life Practice or ILP. ", "The model that comes from the diagram is a simplification of applying Integral Theory and is called the Integral Life Practices Matrix. ", "However, you can substitute your own practices, areas you wish to emphasize and specific means. ", "Technically, you can call these ILPs or whatever you wish. ", "The model is a useful guidelines, but when push comes to shove, you are the expert on how to apply the theory. ", "The diagram above, however, is a very useful starting point for experimenting with this type of integrated approach. ", "What counts in the end is transformation or a permanent level change in one or more developmental lines.", "\n\nWhile I didn’t go into it in depth, you can also apply the same kind of thinking to a business. ", "You may not want to simplify it as the matrix does above. ", "In fact, you will probably want to take it even deeper. ", "While I can’t explain all the details in one blog, the following diagram will give you an idea of some of the deeper nuances.", "\n\nAnother useful simplification, is to see how the model applies to a business leader working in an organization. ", "In the diagram below you can see the various dimensions and how these correlate to the more general diagrams above that introduced the model.", "\n\nHere, you can see how the general interior, exterior, individual and collective aspects of leadership would be mapped. ", "By reflecting on this diagram, you will also understand how they correlate and relate to larger organizational goals, processes, shared values, etc.", "\n\nI know this was a long article, but I hope you got a lot out of it and that you consider trying the approach I recommended in your personal life.", "\n\nI would love to hear your thoughts and experiences working this way and I invite back to leave a comment or subscribe. ", "If you would like further information on the Integral Model you can see some of my other postings, search YouTube or look for articles on the Internet. ", "If you are interested in applying this type of analysis in your business, please get in touch with me.", "\n\nIn my opinion, the integral model is a very important tool for understanding and working with differences across various disciplines and solving complex real world problems. ", "The Integral Institute is dedicated to applying the principles of this model in education, politics, business, psychology and other areas. ", "My experience is that it is a powerful and effective way to work on your own personal growth or a group in any domain of activity or interest.", "\n\nIf there are any critical aspects of this work I left unexplained or you have any questions, please let me know. ", "I will be writing more on integral theory, but if I have your input I can target my blogs to your interests more precisely. ", "If you would like to contact or work with me, you can find my contact information under the contact information menu heading on this blog." ]

[ 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01098901098901099, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0064516129032258064, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014084507042253521, 0, 0, 0.006944444444444444, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.019801980198019802, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Thursday, May 28, 2015\n\nAt this week's Geospatial World Forum in Lisbon, the worldwide UNIGIS organisation as a network of academic partner institutions offering graduate qualifications in Geoinformatics was presented with the 'Geospatial Institution of the Year' award, recognizing our leading role in 'Educating GIS Professionals Worldwide'.", "\n\nProf Marco Painho from UNIGIS Portugal and Dr Shahnawaz from UNIGIS India joined UNIGIS Int'l chair Prof Josef Strobl accepting this award during the Geospatial World Awards Gala evening on May 27.", "\n\nFriday, May 22, 2015\n\nThe University of Salzburg with its Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics - Z_GIS is offering up to 10 partial scholarships for UNIGIS distance learning MSc students for students from Russia and CIS countries. ", "UNIGIS Salzburg is inviting applications for scholarships covering approx. ", "60% of the Euro 9800.- tuition fee.", "\n\nFollowing the vision of 'Educating GIS Professionals Worldwide', the UNIGIS MSc degree is a highly regarded and widely acknowledged postgraduate qualification offered in English language. ", "Candidates from the Russia / CIS region are offered the opportunity of Russian language consultation, guidance and support.", "\n\nApplications for scholarships will be ranked based upon prior knowledge, a detailed letter of motivation, date of application and regional diversity. ", "Applicants have to fulfill University of Salzburg admission requirements. ", "Deadline for applications is August 31, the course will start in October 2015.", "\n\nFriday, May 8, 2015\n\nUNGIS will be present again at the INSPIRE Geospatial World Forum, this year in Lisbon from 25-29 May. We invite you to come and visit us in our booth in section D12, where our UNIGIS ambassadors are pleased to inform you about our study programmes and latest activities.", "\n\nYou are also welcome to attend the GeoCapacity session on Monday 25 May, starting 3 pm, where Dr. Shahnawaz presents his point of view on capacity building.", "\n\nOur office has a few visitor passes available for those interested to visit the exhibition. ", "Please send an email to [email protected] to request a visitor pass." ]

[ 0.008746355685131196, 0.02512562814070352, 0.01680672268907563, 0, 0, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0.013888888888888888 ]

[ "Q:\n\nBucket as DataSource throws NullReferenceException\n\nWhen setting a bucket as the target datasource location for an SXA Component and a datatemplate the Sitecore.", "Shell.", "Applications.", "Dialogs.", "SelectRenderingDatasource throws a NullReference exception on rendering:\nException: System.", "NullReferenceException\nMessage: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.", "\nSource: Sitecore.", "XA.Foundation.", "SitecoreExtensions\n at Sitecore.", "XA.Foundation.", "SitecoreExtensions.", "Controls.", "SourcedMultiRootTreeview.", "GetNodeID(String shortID)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "TreeviewEx.", "RenderNodeBegin(HtmlTextWriter output, IDataView dataView, String filter, Item item, Boolean active, Boolean isExpanded)\n at Sitecore.", "XA.Foundation.", "SitecoreExtensions.", "Controls.", "DatasourceMultiRootTreeview.", "RenderNodeBegin(HtmlTextWriter output, IDataView dataView, String filter, Item item, Boolean active, Boolean isExpanded)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "TreeviewEx.", "RenderNode(HtmlTextWriter output, IDataView dataView, String filter, Item root, Item parent, Item folder)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "TreeviewEx.", "RenderNode(HtmlTextWriter output, IDataView dataView, String filter, Item root, Item parent, Item folder)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "TreeviewEx.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output, IDataView dataView, String filter, Item root, Item folder)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "MultiRootTreeview.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "Panel.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "Border.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "HtmlUtil.", "RenderControl(Control ctl)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "GridPanel.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "Border.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "HtmlUtil.", "RenderControl(Control ctl)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "GridPanel.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "Placeholder.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.XmlControls.", "GenericControl.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "Border.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.XmlControls.", "GenericControl.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "Placeholder.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "HtmlForm.", "RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "HtmlContainerControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "FormAdapter.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.HtmlControls.", "HtmlForm.", "RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.XmlControls.", "GenericControl.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "Placeholder.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.XmlControls.", "GenericControl.", "DoRender(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.WebControl.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter output)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)\n at Sitecore.", "Web.", "UI.Sheer.", "ClientPage.", "Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Page.", "ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)\n\nCan buckets not be used? ", "Is this an SXA issue? ", "Are we missing any settings?", "\nPS: When enabling \"Buckets\" under the View tab in the content editor the dialog will work without a problem. ", "It just doesn't work when this is disabled (which is the default)\n\nA:\n\nI can confirm that it's an issue in SXA. ", "I've registered this in our backlog and it will be fixed in 1.8 release.", "\nWorkaround might be hard to implement for you. ", "It would require to override Sitecore.", "XA.Foundation.", "SitecoreExtensions.", "CustomFields.", "FieldTypes.", "MultiRootTreeList and change OnLoad() method in which you would need to create your custom DatasourceMultiRootTreeview with properly implemented GetNodeID() method (simple null check is missing there).", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.012121212121212121, 0.16666666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.04878048780487805, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.09090909090909091, 0.022058823529411766, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.022058823529411766, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.09090909090909091, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.09090909090909091, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.09090909090909091, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0.047619047619047616, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.1, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0, 0.047619047619047616, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.1, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0.1111111111111111, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0, 0.08333333333333333, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.1111111111111111, 0.02, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.06666666666666667, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.1111111111111111, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.125, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0.09090909090909091, 0.004975124378109453, 0 ]

[ "The Lost Fleet: Dauntless\n\nThe Lost Fleet: Dauntless is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Campbell, the first in his The Lost Fleet series, published in 2006. ", " Dauntless sets the stage for the six novel saga about a fleet of over 200 ships trapped deep behind enemy lines and cut off from traveling to their home territory.", "\n\nPlot summary\nJohn 'Black Jack' Geary has recently been rescued from a 100-year-old escape pod with a damaged beacon. ", "He was the commanding officer of an early battle in what has become a century-old war between the Syndicate Worlds and the Alliance. ", "His last actions in that battle led to his immortalization as a hero of the Alliance people and fleet, which by the time of the book has become blown out of proportion.", "\n\nStill feeling weak from being frozen for 100 years, Geary arrives at what is supposed to be a decisive battle for the Alliance against the Syndicate. ", "The battle turns out to be a trap and as the leaders of the fleet board a shuttle to negotiate surrender, the Admiral calls on Geary to lead the fleet if anything should happen to him. ", "Geary, assuming that the old laws of war still apply and that nothing ill would happen to his leaders, accepts. ", " Mere hours later after the Admiral is executed, he finds himself in command of 200 ships that have been badly beaten and are cut off from retreat.", "\n\nHaving been frozen while the hypernet technology was invented Geary realizes that while the faster hypernet gates are blocked, the Syndicate ships have left the old jump points unguarded. ", "Geary commands his ships to feint then run for those jump points. ", "In the process he loses a ship commanded by his great nephew who stayed behind to buy time for the fleet to jump.", "\n\nAfter the first jump, Geary has to establish command over people who naturally assume they should be leading the fleet. ", "With the last one hundred years of war having been one of severe attrition, few of the officers and crew surviving under him have any experience with tactics or chain of command. ", "The whole fleet is run as a democracy with captains vying for votes in the decision-making process. ", "Geary abolishes this practice and exerts his authority and in the end creates enemies within his own fleet.", "\n\nDespite all of this he manages to teach a majority of the fleet how to fight in complicated but powerful formations, how to respect authority and how to use the jump point system of travel. ", "Cut off from the hypernet and on the run, Geary still manages to win victories against the Syndicates who are in pursuit. ", "Decisively winning battle after battle Geary gains the trust and adoration of many of his subordinates, and angers his enemies.", "\n\nThe story ends with the fleet still on the run, but working ever closer to home while evading and confronting the enemy as needed.", "\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\nSF Reviews.net Review of Dauntless\nSFRevu Review of Dauntless\nRambles.net Review of Dauntless\nFresh Fiction Review of Dauntless\nRT Book Reviews Review of Dauntless\nReview by Harriet Klausner\n\nCategory:2006 American novels\nDauntless\nCategory:2006 science fiction novels\nCategory:Novels by John G. Hemry\nCategory:Works published under a pseudonym" ]

[ 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0.008403361344537815, 0.015037593984962405, 0.005952380952380952, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0, 0.006802721088435374, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0, 0.010810810810810811 ]

[ "Cavanna family\n\nCavanna are a noble family from the north of Italy.", "\n\nOrigins\nIt seems that the name first appeared historically in Genoa, and later in Piacenza. ", "Nearby, a place called Cavanna di Lesignaro is to be found in the vicinity of Parma. ", "In the center of the triangle Genoa-Piacenza-Parma lies the municipality of Ferriere, which includes the localities of Cassimoreno and Centenaro, and adjacent to the neighbouring municipality of Farini. ", " This is a montane area where a high concentration of Cavannas exists historically.", "\n\nAristocratic patrician lineage and titled nobility\nThe family has a coat of arms, indicating noble origins, and several distinguished noble members through the centuries. ", "They are listed as one of the several noble families of the former Republic of Genoa, and during the Albergo period of the governance of Genoa, they formed part of the Albergo De Franchi, one of the 28 Alberghi of the Republic of Genoa.", "\n\nAn Albergo (Alberghi in plural) was an informal grouping, in which several families bonded around a dominant family. ", "Families of an Albergo shared the same political views and economic interests. ", "They usually lived near each other and attended the same churches.", "\n\nThe Cavanna (De Franchi) heraldic arms are portrayed in the Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà di Genova, published in 1920. ", " The Cavannas were also feudal Lords of Castel Gazzo, which castle today survives in the town of Novi Ligure, just north of Genoa, and Patricians of Genoa.", "\n\nOne of the earliest historical references to the family is found in a record of Ida and Ottobonus de Cavanna of Genoa, during the period 1202-1226. ", "In the last part of the 14th century, one of the three skillful lawyers (\"valenti giuristi\") commended by the famous lawyer Bartolomeo Bosco was Antonio della Cavanna. ", "He was confirmed as Lord of the castle of Gazzo by the Comune of Genoa on 18 October 1397. ", "During 1423, he was Console of the Comune of Genoa in Caffa and during the 1430 was Vicario in Pera, the Genoa's neighbourhood in Costantinopoli. ", "In the 15th century, Galeazzo Cavanna (died circa 1480) was Signore di Castel Gazzo , a Patrician of Genoa, and aristocratic Nobile di Novi and of Tortona, and he married Orietta Fregoso of Genoa (1453–1494), who had a brother Rinaldo (1454–1498), a Knight of Saint John of Rhodes (Knights Hospitaller, later known as Knights of Malta), and Prior of Tortona. ", "They were children of the Doge of Genoa, Pietro II and his wife Bartolomea Grimaldi of the House of Grimaldi rulers of Genoa and Princes of Monaco. ", "A certain Gian Nicola di Gian Maria Cavanna is also recorded in Genoa in 1640.", "\n\nDomenico Cavanna da Gropallo is found in records dating to 1700 in Casimoreno , a small fraction of the Comune di Ferriere. ", " In 1794, Alba Cavanna became the third wife and Countess of Marco Antonio Arcelli (died 1812), Count of Monteventano, Montebissago, Veratto, and Valle Luretta. ", "His sister Nobile Caterina married Nobile Manfredo Cavanna Pacchiarotti. ", "Their aunt, Nobile Ippolita married Nobile Antonio Cavanna Pacchiarotti (died 1751). ", "Another relative, Nobile Maria Teresa Cavanna Pacchiarotti (died 1748) married Conte Cesare Caracciolo, descendant of Antonio Caracciolo (died 1504), Count of Macerato, Statto, Fiorano, Pozzolo, Fabiano, Raglio and Spettino, Governor of Pavia, and a Patrician of Naples who served for the Duke of Milan.", "\n\nDon Giuseppe Cavanna was initiator and first director of Il Resegone, the first edition of which appeared in Lecco on 17 February 1882 as a response to national political turmoil and rampant laicization and anti-clericalism. ", "Don Cavanna ensured a catholic perspective on social problems, influenced by the encyclical of Pope Leo XIII, Rerum novarum on rights and duties of capital and labour, and the conditions of the working classes, enunciating workers’ rights and the right to property; the Roman Question; and in order to fight corruption in public life. ", "Don Cavanna held that religion must be the fundamental basis of all values, and that truth and justice should be upheld rigorously. ", " His legacy endures as the periodical continues in its 127th year .", "\n\nCoat of arms\nThe Cavanna arms consist of a shield gules a bend argent from the dexter fess to the sinister base, in chief an eagle sable displayed, the head to the dexter, under a crown or. ", "This displayed black eagle in chief under a crown was the capo dell'Impero, and derives from Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, first of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Emperors, who was crowned by Pope Adrian IV in 1155. ", "Its origin in Genovese nobility hails from 1161, when the then-ambassador of Genoa to the court of Frederick I in Pavia was granted that concession. ", " The Cavanna heraldic motto is \"Iurista Sapiens\".", "\n\nEarly migration and diaspora\nToday, a concentration of descendant Cavannas is found in the locality of Cassimoreno and the nearby village of Centenaro, near Ferriere, and which lie half-way between Genoa, Piacenza, and Parma. ", "From Centenaro, Carlo Cavanna (1873–1925), left to Ethiopia, settling in Eritrea in 1888, at a very young age. ", "He was one of the earliest pioneers, in search of prosperity, initially as an agriculturalist with an experimental farm at Godofelassi, just east of Adi Ugri, and south of Asmara. ", "During the early part of the 20th century, and Italy's colonial administration of Eritrea, he directed the construction of the first railway line in Eritrea, and later established a citrus farm at Ghinda, an important station on the railway. ", "His brother Andrea (1876–1950) remained in Centenaro and is one of several buried in the large Cavanna Mausoleum in Centenaro. ", "Carlo had three children. ", "One took over the Ghinda estate, sold it, and returned to Italy, while the other two and their families left Eritrea during Ethiopian imperial rule, and migrated to Sudan after World War II, and later returned to Europe.", "\n\nDescendants for this branch of family members are found today in Pianello Val Tidone, Centenaro, Genoa, Livorno, Novi Ligure, Pisa, Rome, and other parts of Italy, and in England, Germany, and Switzerland.", "\n\nMany other Cavannas emigrated from Italy to Britain, France, Buenos Aires in Argentina, Montevideo in Uruguay and to New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania in the USA.", "\n\nNotable contemporary members of the Cavanna family\nCarlo Cavanna, (1873–1925), Italian agricultural pioneer and first director of railway in Eritrea.", "\nDon Giuseppe Cavanna, (died 1902), Italian, founder and director of Il Resegone, a Catholic periodical.", "\nElise Cavanna, (1902–1963), late American actress.", "\nNicola Cavanna, (1916–1980), Italian, late Bishop of Rieti and of Asti .", "\nFrançois Cavanna, (1923-2014), French author and novelist.", "\nBernard Cavanna, French composer and musical director.", "\nD. Cavanna, Italian geophysicist.", "\nJ. M. Valdés Cavanna, Spanish general.", "\nArturo Cavanna, Recognized Spanish professor and researcher on technology and education.", "\nStefano Cavanna, Member of the Italian High Council of Judiciary , elected by the Italian Parliament in June 2018,.", "\n\nReferences\n\nLibro d'Oro della Nobiltà di Genova, by Angelo M. G. Scorza, Genoa, 1 October 1920; re-published by Orsini de Marzo, 2004 ().", "\nCivil registry records for Cassimoreno and Centenaro in the Comune di Ferriere, Piacenza, Italy\nItalian military archives for Eritrea, 1930-1945 [Cavanna entries]\nRoman Catholic diocesan records for Asmara (Eritrea), and Khartoum (Sudan) [Cavanna entries]\n\nExternal links\n Castel Gazzo in Novi Ligure\n Cavanna and Eritrea in late 19th century\n Don Giuseppe Cavanna and Il Resegono periodical\n\nCategory:Families of Genoa\nCategory:Families of Liguria\nCategory:Italian noble families" ]

[ 0.029850746268656716, 0, 0.023529411764705882, 0.009852216748768473, 0, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0.025806451612903226, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0.01098901098901099, 0.0273972602739726, 0.022284122562674095, 0.02027027027027027, 0.02564102564102564, 0.007936507936507936, 0.031055900621118012, 0.0273972602739726, 0.03529411764705882, 0.0297029702970297, 0.00881057268722467, 0.005970149253731343, 0.007575757575757576, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0.004629629629629629, 0.006711409395973154, 0.02040816326530612, 0.013157894736842105, 0.009009009009009009, 0.011111111111111112, 0.004132231404958678, 0.015748031496062992, 0.038461538461538464, 0.004524886877828055, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0.013245033112582781, 0.019230769230769232, 0.0196078431372549, 0.0136986301369863, 0.01694915254237288, 0.01818181818181818, 0.029411764705882353, 0.02564102564102564, 0.011111111111111112, 0.02586206896551724, 0.007194244604316547, 0.010395010395010396 ]

[ "This proposal is designed to provide the principal investigator, Ronald D. Cohn, with the necessary scientific experience to allow for a successful transition to an independent career as a physician-scientist. ", "Dr. Cohn outlines a five-year plan to study the role of TGF-beta signaling in muscle regeneration and the potential for antagonizing increased signaling by and activation of TGF-beta as a therapeutic modality for various myopathic states. ", "This work will be performed under the mentorship of Harry C. Dietz, Victor McKusick Chair and Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Molecular Biology, Neurosurgery, the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins University. ", "Dr. Dietz has been the leading researcher in the field of fibrillinopathies for the past 18 years, and he was the first to identify mutations in fibrillin-1 gene that cause Marfan syndrome. ", "He has a long record of successful mentorship to graduate students and young investigators funded under the K award mechanism. ", "Dr. Cohn's training will be based in the School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins and an advisory committee of expert basic and clinical scientists will provide both scientific and career advise to create a fruitful environment for the development of an independent physician-scientist. ", "Within the last year Dr. Cohn spent his time in the laboratory of his mentor, Dr. Dietz, investigating the pathogenetic mechanisms of muscle hypoplasia and myopathy in mouse models of Marfan syndrome. ", "The work outlined in this proposal will focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in impaired muscle regeneration and satellite cell performance due to excessive TGF-beta signaling. ", "Specific Aims include: 1) Elucidation of the contribution of dysregulated TGF-beta activity on satellite cell performance during muscle regeneration. ", "2) Gene expression profiling of fibrillin-1 deficient regenerating skeletal muscle and satellite cells. ", "3) Impact of excess TGF-beta signaling on the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy. ", "The potential of antagonizing increased TGF-beta signaling and thereby improvement of muscle regeneration is relevant for a significant subset of patients with Marfan syndrome who exhibit low muscle mass and weakness as well as for patients with different forms of muscular dystrophy. ", "Moreover, improvement of muscle regeneration may have potential benefit for other conditions such as disease, disuse or age related decrease in muscle mass. [", "unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]" ]

[ 0.004761904761904762, 0.012552301255230125, 0.020134228187919462, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0.010452961672473868, 0.009950248756218905, 0.00546448087431694, 0.006666666666666667, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0.0035087719298245615, 0, 0 ]

[ "List of most watched United States television broadcasts of 1990\n\nThe following is a list of most watched United States television broadcasts of 1990.", "\n\nMost watched by week\n\nReferences\n\nMost watched" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "oZone GUI is a mutliplatform desktop enviroment which runs under DOS, Microsoft Windows and Linux. ", "Applications based and compiled for oZone run with no need to recompile on all supported platforms at the level of machine code.", "\n\nCryptoPy is a pure python implmentation of cryptographic algorithms and applications. ", "The algorithms are developed for readability more than speed. ", "The collection now includes IEEE 802.11i specific algorithms that generated the test vectors for 802.11i.", "\n\nThe goal of this project is to design and write comercial quality software and aplications with fully respect to free software (like in \"free speach\"). ", "The software designed by us will target various fields: from scientific applications to multimedia an\n\nGet remote control access to your Windows PC anywhere. ", "The goal of this project is to be a \"Let's Just Get Started!\" ", "remoting tool for the help desk technician, being fully functional and able to operate w/o requiring addon plugins or setup installations\n\nGNet Server - Network compression client/server software. ", "Compresses data over slow networks to save on the cost of bandwidth. ", "Server is developed for Unix and Windows platforms, The client will run on Windows based PCs.", "\n\nThis project contains simulation codes of Dr. Jie Wu's wireless networking group at FAU, including a dominating set simulator (ds) and ns2 extensions for various virtual backbone formation, broadcast, and topology control schemes.", "\n\nUnder development for Prof Stephen Hawking and people like him. ", "With control of a single click only, the solution user should Type, Speak, and Command the computer. ", "We want to expand beyond English and MS Windows to multiple languages, multiple platforms\n\nVNC for use with the BrowserMob Selenium JavaScript Validator. ", "This tool is made available for users of BrowserMob FREE Website Monitoring and Load Testing. ", "The BrowserMob Local Validation Service can be downloaded from https://browsermob.com/tools.", "\n\nNewPKI is a PKI based on the OpenSSL low-level API, all the datas are\nhandled through a database, which provides a much more flexible PKI than\nwith OpenSSL, such as seeking a certificate with a search engine.", "\n\nThis is the TeleTypeX Networking Utility made by Shreyas Tallamraju. ", "This is basically a cleaner version and GUI version of Telnet. ", "Head on to http://www.shreyastallamraju.com/apps/appphome.html to see more of the hype. ", "AppX-treme v1.0 released too.", "\n\nntrc (Network TRace Converter) is a command-line tool that allows conversion of network packet traces to and from different formats such as TSH, ns-2 TrafficTrace, tcpdump, etc. ", "Written entirely in C, ntrc is particularly efficient with large traces.", "\n\nhyptertella is a Peer to peer(p2p) system using the gnutella network, features include: filters, fast(er) downloads, easy interface, an open api for use in other applications such as an antivirus. ", "the main pourpose of hypertella is stabability." ]

[ 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0, 0, 0.005076142131979695, 0, 0.021505376344086023, 0.008620689655172414, 0.015151515151515152, 0.009900990099009901, 0.006493506493506494, 0.02127659574468085, 0.021739130434782608, 0.01904761904761905, 0.014084507042253521, 0.015873015873015872, 0.011363636363636364, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Biochemical substrates in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.", "\nIn individuals above 60 years of age, an age-related decrease in the concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine has been found. ", "This may indicate a neuron loss. ", "As the metabolites are not simultaneously reduced, a compensatory mechanism would seem to exist. ", "In the hypothalamus there are significant positive correlations between the neuropeptides galanin and corticotropin-releasing factor on the one hand, and age over 60 on the other. ", "In brains from patients with dementia of Alzheimer type there are reduced concentrations of cholineacetyl transferase. ", "However, in some brain areas reduced concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline have also been found. ", "The metabolites homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid are also reduced. ", "These findings indicate that there is not only a neuron loss in these brains but also a dysfunction of the remaining neurons, reducing the compensatory capacity of the brain. ", "Postmortem investigations of hypothalamus from Alzheimer brains have shown reduced concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine. ", "However, the concentrations of galanin, arginin, vasopressin, and somatostatin were significantly increased. ", "The latter may be the result of a disturbed higher control over the hypothalamus. ", "Hypothalamic dysfunction is of interest with regard to the neuroendocrine disturbances seen in Alzheimer-demented patients. ", "Investigations of patients with vascular dementia have suggested the same type of neurotransmitter disturbances as in Alzheimer's disease." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Bush Policeman\n\nBush Policemen is a 10-minute Australian documentary about the work done by a policeman in the Australian Outback. ", "It was released to cinemas as a supporting feature.", "\n\nIt was directed by Lee Robinson who later made a drama feature film set in the same milieu, Dust in the Sun.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:Documentary films about law enforcement\nCategory:Short documentary films\nCategory:Australian short films\nCategory:Law enforcement in Australia\nCategory:Documentary films about Aboriginal Australians\nCategory:1953 films\nCategory:1950s documentary films\nCategory:Films directed by Lee Robinson\nCategory:Australian documentary films\nCategory:Australian films" ]

[ 0.015267175572519083, 0, 0.00909090909090909, 0.005076142131979695 ]

[ "Q:\n\nimport issue with SAS due to large columns headers\n\nI have many csv files with many variable column headers , up to 2000 variable column headers for some files.", "\nI'm trying to do an import but at one point , the headers are truncated in a 'random' manner and the rest of the data are ignored therefore not imported. ", "I'm putting random between quotes because it may not be random although I don't know the reason if it is not random. ", "But let me give you more insight .", "\nThe headers are truncated randomly , some after the 977th variables , some others after the 1401th variable.", "\nThe headers are like this BAL_RT,ET-CAP,EXT_EA16,IVOL-NSA,AT;BAL_RT,ET-CAP,EXT_EA16,IVOL-NSA,AT;BAL_RT,ET-CAP,EXT_EA16,IVOL-NSA,AT\nThis the part of the import log \n642130 VAR1439\n642131 VAR1440\n642132 VAR1441\n642133 VAR1442 $\n642134 VAR1443 $\n642135 VAR1444 $\n\nAs you can see , some headers are seen as numeric although all the headers are alphanumeric as they are blending a mixture of character and numeric.", "\nPlease find my code for the import below \n%macro lec ;\n\noptions macrogen symbolgen; \n\n%let nfic=37 ; \n\n%do i=1 %to &nfic ;\n\nPROC IMPORT OUT= fic&i \n DATAFILE= \"C:\\cygwin\\home\\appEuro\\pot\\fic&i..csv\" \n DBMS=DLM REPLACE;\n DELIMITER='3B'x;\n guessingrows=500 ;\n GETNAMES=no;\n DATAROW=1; \nRUN;\n\ndata dico&i ; set fic&i (drop=var1) ; \nif _n_ eq 1 ; \nindex=0 ; \narray v var2-var1000 ; \ndo over v ; \nif v ne \"\" then index=index+1 ; \nend ; \nrun ; \n\ndata dico&i ; set dico&i ; \ncall symput(\"nvar&i\",trim(left(index))) ; \nrun ;\n%put &&nvar&i ; \n\n%end ; \n\n%mend ; \n\n%lec ; \n\nThe code is doing an import and also creating a dictionnary with the headers as some of them are long (e.g more than 34 characters)\nI'm not sure if these elements are related however, I would welcome any insights you will be able to give me.", "\nBest.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou need to not use PROC IMPORT, as I mentioned in a previous comment. ", " You need to construct your dictionary from a data step read in, because if you have 2000 columns times 34 or more long variable names, you will have more than 32767 record length.", "\nAn approach like this is necessary.", "\ndata headers;\ninfile \"whatever\" dlm=';' lrecl=99999 truncover; *or perhaps longer even, if that is needed - look at log;\nlength name $50; *or longer if 50 is not your real absolute maximum;\ndo until length(_infile_)=0;\n input name $ @;\n output;\nend;\nstop; *only want to read the first line!;", "\nrun;\n\nNow you have your variable names. ", " Now, you can read the file in with GETNAMES=NO; in proc import (you'll have to discard the first line), and then you can use that dictionary to generate rename statements (you will have lots of VARxxxx, but in a predictable order).", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.006097560975609756, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005847953216374269, 0.0036407766990291263, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003401360544217687, 0, 0.004310344827586207, 0 ]

[ "Satyajit Ray on Cinema\n\nSatyajit Ray, one of the greatest auteurs of twentieth century cinema, was a Bengali motion-picture director, writer, and illustrator who set a new standard for Indian cinema with his Apu Trilogy: Pather Panchali (Song of the Little Road) (1955), Aparajito (The Unvanquished) (1956), and Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) (1959). ", "His work was admired for its humanism, versatility, attention to detail, and skilled use of music. ", "He was also widely praised for his critical and intellectual writings, which mirror his filmmaking in their precision and wide-ranging grasp of history, culture, and aestheti." ]

[ 0.011396011396011397, 0, 0 ]

[ "Liquid control materials for haemoglobins A2 and F: a one-year interlaboratory evaluation.", "\nStabilised haemolysates, to be stored at -20 degrees C in the liquid state, have been evaluated in an interlaboratory trial: haemoglobin A2 and haemoglobin F levels were stable for at least 1 year. ", "Since the materials can be very easily prepared in each laboratory, they appear to meet the requirements for use in internal quality-control schemes, for the assay of both haemoglobin fractions." ]

[ 0.011111111111111112, 0, 0 ]

[ "Mistry Para Rangpur\n\nShatgara Mistry Para (সাতগাড়া মিস্ত্রিপাড়া) is a neighborhood of Rangpur city, Bangladesh located near 25.7482N, 89.23974E.\n\nGeography \n\nThis neighborhood is surrounded by Gurati Para and part of Munshi Para at east, Kerani Para at west, Munshipara at south and Guratipara at north. ", "The soil composition is mainly alluvial soil like other place of Rangpur. ", "The temperature ranges from 32° Celsius to 11° Celsius, and the annual rainfall averages 2931 mm.", "\n\nPolitical geography \nthis neighborhood is under \nWard No: 20 (Rangpur City Corporation)\nUnion: Rangpur City Corporation (Previously Rangpur Sadar)\nDistrict: Rangpur\nDivision: Rangpur\nPost Code: 5400\nTelephone code: 0521\nPopulation: Approximately 2,000.", "\n\nDescription \nShatgara Mistry Para is about 0.6 km away from the zero point of Rangpur city. ", "The neighborhood is approximately 1500 meters long and 2000 meter wide and is populated by 2,000 people. ", "There are two mosques acting as an important landmark for this place. ", "With Several farmlands and buildings this area is treated as a resident area instead of industrial area.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Rangpur District\nCategory:Municipalities in Rangpur Division" ]

[ 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0, 0.015748031496062992, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338 ]

[ "David Kalikhman and Julia Senerth were two co-workers-turned-friends who bonded over their anger after missing one too many shows. ", "They took issue with confusing site design and the sheer volume of events on music listing Web sites.", "\n\nThe madness of it all, they felt, was derailing even the savviest listener.", "\n\n“We were incensed,” Kalikman said, “first by our inability to hear about presales ahead of time and then just to [not] know what’s going on.”", "\n\nThe research scientist duo decided to combine forces with a Web programmer, Alex Sleighter, and turned all that pent-up musical frustration into a site that aims to make sure no good show gets lost in the cyber fray: DCDecibel.", "\n\nAs event listing sites go, DCDecibel is disarmingly simple: A black-and-white list format showcases handpicked music events, locations and prices for each show in the District. ", "There’s a “Just Announced” tab visitors can monitor to make sure they’re not missing out on the latest, plus a simple search function. ", "The trio credits a TED talk (see below), “How Great Leaders Inspire Action” as an inspiration, and the DCDecibel mission is as clear as the site’s presentation: “We do this not only because we love live music, but because we believe things can be more intuitive, elegant, and useful.”", "\n\nTheir site clears another obstacle: The time it takes for newcomers to map out D.C.’s music scene.", "\n\n“I missed out on shows at places like Iota Club & Cafe, Sixth and I and DAR Constitution Hall because I didn’t know they existed,” Senerth, who confesses that she’s been compulsively making lists about bands on her own time for awhile, wrote in an e-mail.", "\n\nOne drawback: It takes a lot of time (and only one available human brain) to hand-curate all of Washington’s music listings — between 20 and 30 hours a week for Senerth. ", "And deciding which acts to include or exclude requires editorial decision-making.", "\n\n“We generally decide on whether to put the smaller, local acts on based on their Web presence,” Senerth said.", "\n\nAnd it (literally) sounds like everything that makes it onto DCDecibel goes through a vetting process: Senerth listens to every band as she fills the site.", "\n\n“I’ll have to get a another job to afford all of the shows I’ve ended up going to after researching them for the site.”", "\n\n(Hat tip to Elizabeth Flock.)" ]

[ 0.015267175572519083, 0, 0, 0.006993006993006993, 0.008733624454148471, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0.0035211267605633804, 0, 0.0038910505836575876, 0.005813953488372093, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0.006369426751592357, 0, 0.03225806451612903 ]

[ "[A case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones with a partial deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase].", "\nWe report a case of 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine (2, 8-DHA) urolithiasis. ", "A 39-year-old female was referred to our hospital with the complaint of right flank pain. ", "An X-ray examination showed right hydronephrosis. ", "On May 1986, right percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed. ", "Infrared spectroanalysis revealed 2, 8-DHA and calcium phosphate mixed calculus. ", "The adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes was partially deficient. ", "Since the operation, 300 mg/day of allopurinol has been administered, and there have been no signs of recurrence." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "// Copyright 2018 The Bazel Authors. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n//\n// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n//\n// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n//\n// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n// limitations under the License.", "\npackage com.google.devtools.build.lib.includescanning;\n\nimport com.google.common.annotations.", "VisibleForTesting;\nimport com.google.common.base.", "Supplier;\nimport com.google.common.base.", "Throwables;\nimport com.google.common.collect.", "ImmutableList;\nimport com.google.common.collect.", "ImmutableMap;\nimport com.google.common.collect.", "ImmutableSet;\nimport com.google.common.flogger.", "GoogleLogger;\nimport com.google.common.util.concurrent.", "ListenableFuture;\nimport com.google.common.util.concurrent.", "MoreExecutors;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "ActionExecutionContext;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "ActionExecutionMetadata;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "ActionGraph;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "Artifact;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "ArtifactFactory;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "ArtifactResolver;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.", "ExecException;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.", "ArtifactsToOwnerLabels;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.", "BlazeDirectories;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.buildtool.", "BuildRequest;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.", "ExecutorUtil;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.", "NamedForkJoinPool;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.", "ThreadSafety.", "ThreadHostile;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.", "ExecutorBuilder;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.", "ExecutorLifecycleListener;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.", "ModuleActionContextRegistry;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.includescanning.", "IncludeParser.", "Inclusion;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.", "CppIncludeExtractionContext;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.", "CppIncludeScanningContext;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.", "IncludeScanner;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.", "IncludeScanner.", "IncludeScanningHeaderData;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.", "SwigIncludeScanningContext;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.runtime.", "BlazeModule;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.runtime.", "BlazeRuntime;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.runtime.", "Command;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.runtime.", "CommandEnvironment;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.runtime.", "WorkspaceBuilder;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.server.", "FailureDetails.", "FailureDetail;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.server.", "FailureDetails.", "IncludeScanning;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.", "MutableSupplier;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.", "AbruptExitException;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.", "DetailedExitCode;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.", "ExitCode;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.", "IORuntimeException;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.", "PathFragment;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.", "SkyFunction;\nimport com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.", "SkyFunctionName;\nimport com.google.devtools.common.options.", "OptionsBase;\nimport java.io.", "IOException;\nimport java.util.", "Collection;\nimport java.util.", "Set;\nimport java.util.concurrent.", "ConcurrentHashMap;\nimport java.util.concurrent.", "ConcurrentMap;\nimport java.util.concurrent.", "ExecutionException;\nimport java.util.concurrent.", "ExecutorService;\n\n/**\n * Module that provides implementations of {@link CppIncludeExtractionContext},\n * {@link CppIncludeScanningContext}, and {@link SwigIncludeScanningContext}.", "\n */\npublic class IncludeScanningModule extends BlazeModule {\n private static final GoogleLogger logger = GoogleLogger.forEnclosingClass();\n\n private static final PathFragment INCLUDE_HINTS_FILENAME =\n PathFragment.create(\"tools/cpp/INCLUDE_HINTS\");\n\n private final MutableSupplier<SpawnIncludeScanner> spawnIncludeScannerSupplier =\n new MutableSupplier<>();\n private final MutableSupplier<ArtifactFactory> artifactFactory = new MutableSupplier<>();\n private IncludeScannerLifecycleManager lifecycleManager;\n\n protected PathFragment getIncludeHintsFilename() {\n return INCLUDE_HINTS_FILENAME;\n }\n\n @Override\n @ThreadHostile\n public void registerActionContexts(\n ModuleActionContextRegistry.", "Builder registryBuilder,\n CommandEnvironment env,\n BuildRequest buildRequest) {\n registryBuilder\n .register(CppIncludeExtractionContext.class, new CppIncludeExtractionContextImpl(env))\n .register(SwigIncludeScanningContext.class, lifecycleManager.getSwigActionContext())\n .register(CppIncludeScanningContext.class, lifecycleManager.getCppActionContext());\n registryBuilder\n .restrictTo(CppIncludeExtractionContext.class, \"\")\n .restrictTo(SwigIncludeScanningContext.class, \"\")\n .restrictTo(CppIncludeScanningContext.class, \"\");\n }\n\n @Override\n @ThreadHostile\n public void executorInit(CommandEnvironment env, BuildRequest request, ExecutorBuilder builder) {\n lifecycleManager =\n new IncludeScannerLifecycleManager(env, request, spawnIncludeScannerSupplier);\n builder.addExecutorLifecycleListener(lifecycleManager);\n }\n\n @Override\n public Iterable<Class<? ", "extends OptionsBase>> getCommandOptions(Command command) {\n return \"build\".equals(command.name())\n ? ", "ImmutableList.of(IncludeScanningOptions.class)\n : ImmutableList.<Class<? ", "extends OptionsBase>>of();\n }\n\n @Override\n public void beforeCommand(CommandEnvironment env) {\n artifactFactory.set(env.getSkyframeBuildView().getArtifactFactory());\n }\n\n @Override\n public void afterCommand() {\n spawnIncludeScannerSupplier.set(null);\n artifactFactory.set(null);\n lifecycleManager = null;\n }\n\n @Override\n public void workspaceInit(\n BlazeRuntime runtime, BlazeDirectories directories, WorkspaceBuilder builder) {\n builder.addSkyFunctions(getSkyFunctions(getIncludeHintsFilename()));\n }\n\n @VisibleForTesting\n public static ImmutableMap<SkyFunctionName, SkyFunction> getSkyFunctions(\n PathFragment includeHintsFile) {\n return ImmutableMap.of(\n IncludeScanningSkyFunctions.", "INCLUDE_HINTS,\n new IncludeHintsFunction(includeHintsFile));\n }\n\n /**\n * Implementation of {@link CppIncludeExtractionContext}.", "\n */\n public static final class CppIncludeExtractionContextImpl implements CppIncludeExtractionContext {\n private final CommandEnvironment env;\n\n CppIncludeExtractionContextImpl(CommandEnvironment env) {\n this.env = env;\n }\n\n @Override\n public ArtifactResolver getArtifactResolver() {\n return env.getSkyframeBuildView().getArtifactFactory();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * SwigIncludeScanningContextImpl implements SwigIncludeScanningContext.", "\n */\n public static final class SwigIncludeScanningContextImpl implements SwigIncludeScanningContext {\n private final CommandEnvironment env;\n private final Supplier<SpawnIncludeScanner> spawnScannerSupplier;\n private final Supplier<ExecutorService> includePool;\n private final ConcurrentMap<Artifact, ListenableFuture<Collection<Inclusion>>> cache =\n new ConcurrentHashMap<>();\n private final boolean useAsyncIncludeScanner;\n\n SwigIncludeScanningContextImpl(\n CommandEnvironment env,\n Supplier<SpawnIncludeScanner> spawnScannerSupplier,\n Supplier<ExecutorService> includePool,\n boolean useAsyncIncludeScanner) {\n this.env = env;\n this.spawnScannerSupplier = spawnScannerSupplier;\n this.includePool = includePool;\n this.useAsyncIncludeScanner = useAsyncIncludeScanner;\n }\n\n @Override\n public void extractSwigIncludes(\n Set<Artifact> includes,\n ActionExecutionMetadata actionExecutionMetadata,\n ActionExecutionContext actionExecContext,\n Artifact source,\n ImmutableSet<Artifact> legalOutputPaths,\n ImmutableList<PathFragment> swigIncludePaths,\n Artifact grepIncludes)\n throws IOException, ExecException, InterruptedException {\n SwigIncludeScanner scanner =\n new SwigIncludeScanner(\n includePool.get(),\n spawnScannerSupplier.get(),\n cache,\n swigIncludePaths,\n env.getDirectories(),\n env.getSkyframeBuildView().getArtifactFactory(),\n env.getExecRoot(),\n useAsyncIncludeScanner);\n ImmutableMap.", "Builder<PathFragment, Artifact> pathToLegalOutputArtifact =\n ImmutableMap.builder();\n for (Artifact path : legalOutputPaths) {\n pathToLegalOutputArtifact.put(path.getExecPath(), path);\n }\n try {\n scanner\n .processAsync(\n source,\n ImmutableList.of(source),\n // For Swig include scanning just point to the output file in the map.", "\n new IncludeScanningHeaderData.", "Builder(\n pathToLegalOutputArtifact.build(), /*modularHeaders=*/ ImmutableSet.of())\n .build(),\n ImmutableList.of(),\n includes,\n actionExecutionMetadata,\n actionExecContext,\n grepIncludes)\n .get();\n } catch (ExecutionException e) {\n Throwables.throwIfInstanceOf(e.getCause(), ExecException.class);\n Throwables.throwIfInstanceOf(e.getCause(), InterruptedException.class);\n if (e.getCause() instanceof IORuntimeException) {\n throw ((IORuntimeException) e.getCause()).getCauseIOException();\n }\n Throwables.throwIfUnchecked(e.getCause());\n throw new IllegalStateException(e.getCause());\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Lifecycle manager for the include scanner. ", "Maintains a {@linkplain\n * IncludeScanner.", "IncludeScannerSupplier supplier} which can be used to access the (potentially\n * shared) scanners and exposes {@linkplain #getSwigActionContext() action} {@linkplain\n * #getCppActionContext() contexts} based on them.", "\n */\n private static class IncludeScannerLifecycleManager implements ExecutorLifecycleListener {\n private final CommandEnvironment env;\n private final BuildRequest buildRequest;\n\n private final Supplier<SpawnIncludeScanner> spawnScannerSupplier;\n private final boolean useAsyncIncludeScanner;\n private IncludeScannerSupplierImpl includeScannerSupplier;\n private ExecutorService includePool;\n\n public IncludeScannerLifecycleManager(\n CommandEnvironment env,\n BuildRequest buildRequest,\n MutableSupplier<SpawnIncludeScanner> spawnScannerSupplier) {\n this.env = env;\n this.buildRequest = buildRequest;\n\n IncludeScanningOptions options = buildRequest.getOptions(IncludeScanningOptions.class);\n spawnScannerSupplier.set(\n new SpawnIncludeScanner(\n env.getExecRoot(),\n options.experimentalRemoteExtractionThreshold));\n this.spawnScannerSupplier = spawnScannerSupplier;\n useAsyncIncludeScanner = options.useAsyncIncludeScanner;\n env.getEventBus().register(this);\n }\n\n private CppIncludeScanningContextImpl getCppActionContext() {\n return new CppIncludeScanningContextImpl(() -> includeScannerSupplier);\n }\n\n private SwigIncludeScanningContextImpl getSwigActionContext() {\n return new SwigIncludeScanningContextImpl(\n env, spawnScannerSupplier, () -> includePool, useAsyncIncludeScanner);\n }\n\n @Override\n public void executionPhaseStarting(\n ActionGraph actionGraph,\n Supplier<ArtifactsToOwnerLabels> topLevelArtifactsToAccountingGroups)\n throws AbruptExitException, InterruptedException {\n try {\n includeScannerSupplier.init(\n new IncludeParser(\n new IncludeParser.", "Hints(\n (IncludeParser.", "HintsRules)\n env.getSkyframeExecutor()\n .evaluateSkyKeyForExecutionSetup(\n env.getReporter(), IncludeHintsFunction.", "INCLUDE_HINTS_KEY),\n env.getSkyframeBuildView().getArtifactFactory())));\n } catch (ExecException e) {\n throw new AbruptExitException(\n DetailedExitCode.of(\n ExitCode.", "LOCAL_ENVIRONMENTAL_ERROR,\n FailureDetail.newBuilder()\n .setMessage(\"could not initialize include hints: \" + e.getMessage())\n .setIncludeScanning(\n IncludeScanning.newBuilder()\n .setCode(IncludeScanning.", "Code.", "INITIALIZE_INCLUDE_HINTS_ERROR))\n .build()),\n e);\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void executionPhaseEnding() {}\n\n @Override\n public void executorCreated() {\n IncludeScanningOptions options = buildRequest.getOptions(IncludeScanningOptions.class);\n int threads = options.includeScanningParallelism;\n if (threads > 0) {\n logger.atInfo().log(\"Include scanning configured to use a pool with %d threads\", threads);\n if (options.useAsyncIncludeScanner) {\n includePool = NamedForkJoinPool.newNamedPool(\"Include scanner\", threads);\n } else {\n includePool = ExecutorUtil.newSlackPool(threads, \"Include scanner\");\n }\n } else {\n logger.atInfo().log(\"Include scanning configured to use a direct executor\");\n includePool = MoreExecutors.newDirectExecutorService();\n }\n includeScannerSupplier =\n new IncludeScannerSupplierImpl(\n env.getDirectories(),\n includePool,\n env.getSkyframeBuildView().getArtifactFactory(),\n spawnScannerSupplier,\n env.getExecRoot(),\n options.useAsyncIncludeScanner);\n\n spawnScannerSupplier.get().setOutputService(env.getOutputService());\n spawnScannerSupplier.get().setInMemoryOutput(options.inMemoryIncludesFiles);\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0.009554140127388535, 0.009523809523809525, 0, 0, 0.025, 0.022222222222222223, 0.020833333333333332, 0.02127659574468085, 0.02127659574468085, 0.01818181818181818, 0.01694915254237288, 0.03333333333333333, 0.014492753623188406, 0.02857142857142857, 0.034482758620689655, 0.03636363636363636, 0.03225806451612903, 0.031746031746031744, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0.015384615384615385, 0.016129032258064516, 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0, 0.017543859649122806, 0.01694915254237288, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0.07142857142857142, 0, 0, 0, 0.015873015873015872, 0.06666666666666667, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0.01694915254237288, 0.018518518518518517, 0.015384615384615385, 0.03225806451612903, 0.06666666666666667, 0.03389830508474576, 0.06666666666666667, 0.015873015873015872, 0.03389830508474576, 0.015873015873015872, 0.016666666666666666, 0, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0.03333333333333333, 0, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0.020833333333333332, 0.0223463687150838, 0.012534818941504178, 0.0075107296137339056, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0.008185538881309686, 0.007246376811594203, 0.006507592190889371, 0.009068923821039904, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0.004767580452920143, 0.045454545454545456, 0.00909090909090909, 0.007336343115124154, 0.047619047619047616, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.0032679738562091504, 0, 0.0021897810218978104 ]

[ "Q:\n\nFiniteness of the Riesz potential of the Hausdorff measure restricted to a compact set\n\nIf $E$ is compact set in $\\mathbb{R}^n$ with $0<\n H^s(E)<\\infty$, where $H^s$ is $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure\n and $0<s<n$, then fix $x$ and define $$ m(r):=\n f(B(x,r)) :=H^s(E\\cap B(x,r))$$\nIf $m(r)\\leq r^s$, then $$\n \\int_{B(x,1)} \\frac{df(y)}{|x-y|^t} <\\infty$$ for $0<t<\n s$.\nProof of special case: If $m(r)=r^s$, then it is trivial.", "\nHow can we prove this in general?", "\n\nA:\n\nUse the Layer cake representation: \n$$|x-y|^{-t} = \\int_0^\\infty \\chi_{\\{y : |x-y|^{-t} > \\lambda\\}} \\,d\\lambda = \\int_0^\\infty \\chi_{B(x, \\lambda^{-1/t})} \\,d\\lambda $$\nIntegrate both sides with respect to restricted Hausdorff measure $\\mu=H^s_{|E}$, changing the order of integration on the right (Tonelli's theorem)\n$$\\int |x-y|^{-t} \\,d\\mu(y) = \\int_0^\\infty \\mu(B(x, \\lambda^{-1/t})) \\,d\\lambda $$\nBy assumption,\n$$\\mu(B(x, \\lambda^{-1/t})) \\le \\min(\\lambda^{-s/t}, H^s(E))$$ and the integral \n$$\n\\int_0^\\infty \\min(\\lambda^{-s/t}, H^s(E)) \\,d\\lambda $$\nconverges because $s/t > 1$.\n\n" ]

[ 0.011389521640091117, 0, 0.008361204013377926 ]

[ "Q:\n\nclearing dynamically created combo box options using javascript\n\nI have a combo box with one option hard coded.", "\nI will add the remaining options dynamically\n\nCombo box with hard coded option:\n<select id=\"connectionname\" class=\"connectionname\" onchange=\"display();\"><option>---Select---</option></select>\n\nJavascript function to create combo box options dynamically:\nfunction showDbDlg(){\n var newar=new Array();\n try{\n var xhrArgs = {\n url: \"./ReadDBDetails\",\n content: {MODE:\"DBNAMES\"}, \n handleAs: \"text\",\n load: function(response) {\n var dbNames = response.trim();\n dbNames=dbNames.substring(0,dbNames.length-1);\n dbArray=dbNames.split(\",\");\n /*var selectValue = document.getElementById(\"connectionname\").value;\n alert(selectValue);*/\n document.getElementById(\"connectionname\").options.length = 0;\n for(var i=0;i<dbArray.length;i++){\n var newValue = document.getElementById(\"connectionname\").appendChild(document.createElement('option'));\n newValue.text = dbArray[i];\n }\n formDialog.show();\n },\n error: function(error) {\n alert(\"An unexpected error occurred: \" + error);\n }\n };\n var deferred = dojo.xhrPost(xhrArgs);\n }catch(e){alert(e);}\n\n}\n\nBefore creating options dynamically, every time am using the below line to clear the existing options.", "\ndocument.getElementById(\"connectionname\").options.length = 0;\nIts clearing the hard coded option as well.", "\nMy need is, i want to clear the dynamically created options alone.. not the hard coded one.", "\n\nA:\n\nHave you tried this?", "\ndocument.getElementById(\"connectionname\").options.length = 1;\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0.002652519893899204, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAffirmed as Modified and Memorandum Majority and Concurring Opinions\r\nfiled December 21, 2004\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\nAffirmed as Modified and Memorandum Majority and Concurring\r\nOpinions filed December 21, 2004.", "\n \n \nIn The\n \nFourteenth Court of Appeals\n_______________\n \nNO. ", "14-02-00633-CV\n_______________\n \nROBERT C. REEVES, JR.,", "\r\nAppellant\n \nV.\n \nMEMORIAL\r\nTERRACE, LTD., ", "EDE I. NEMETI,\nARPAD DOMYAN, KATHERINE DOMYAN,\nSPASCO, LTD., ", "AND LEFT BK, L.P., Appellees\n____________________________________________________________\n \nOn Appeal from the 189th District Court\nHarris County, Texas\nTrial Court Cause No. ", "01‑10100\n____________________________________________________________\n \nM E M O R A N D U M  \r\nC O N C U R R I N G   O P I N I O\r\nN\n \n\n\n\n\nI\r\nrespectfully concur in the court=s judgment.", "  I write separately to address two aspects of\r\nthe case not mentioned in the majority opinion: (1) the unusual characteristics\r\nof the agreement in question and (2) the inapplicability of the Goswami presumption[1]\r\nto the buyer=s pleading amendments.", "  \nThe Parties= Agreement\nThe\r\nparties= written agreement for the sale of\r\nland contained no recitation of consideration.", " \r\nAlthough the form used by the parties provided a blank for the parties\r\nto write in an amount of independent consideration for the buyer=s right to terminate the earnest\r\nmoney contract for any reason within thirty days, the parties put A$0.00@ in this blank.", "  Furthermore, the contract contains no\r\nconsideration for the eleven-day period in which the buyer (Robert C. Reeves)\r\ncould deposit the earnest money.", "  As the\r\nmajority points out, it is undisputed that the buyer did not deposit any\r\nearnest money.", "\nThe\r\npreprinted form contract provided the sellers with the following remedies if\r\nthe buyer failed to comply with the parties= agreement: (1) the right to enforce\r\nspecific performance or seek other relief as may be provided by law or both;\r\nand (2) the right to terminate the agreement and receive the earnest money as\r\nliquidated damages, thereby releasing the parties from the agreement.", "  The parties, however, deleted the first item,\r\nleaving the sellers with only one remedy for the buyer=s failure to comply C the earnest money as liquidated\r\ndamages.", "\n\n\n\n\nBased\r\non the unusual language of this agreement, the majority correctly holds that the\r\nagreement is unenforceable due to a lack of consideration and mutuality.", "  See Culbertson v. Brodsky, 788 S.W.2d\r\n156, 157 (Tex. ", "App.", "CFort Worth 1990, writ denied) (holding that contract of sale\r\nfor real estate was unenforceable for lack of consideration because there was\r\nno separate consideration for buyer=s right, in his sole discretion\r\nduring a 60-day period, to terminate and receive a full return of his earnest\r\nmoney, with neither party having any continuing obligation to the other); Hott\r\nv. Pearcy/Christon, Inc., 663 S.W.2d 851, 853B54 (Tex. ", "App.", "CDallas 1983, writ ref=d n.r.e.) (", "holding that, because the\r\nparties= agreement limited seller=s remedy for buyer=s breach to recovery of earnest\r\nmoney, the agreement was unenforceable for lack of consideration at least until\r\nthe buyer deposited the earnest money and that, because the seller revoked the\r\ngratuitous option before the buyer tendered the earnest money, there was no\r\nenforceable contract); Echols v. Bloom, 485 S.W.2d 798, 800 (Tex. ", "Civ.", "\r\nApp.", "CHouston [14th Dist.] ", "1972, writ ref=d n.r.e.) (", "holding that agreement was\r\nunenforceable for lack of consideration because seller terminated before buyer\r\ntendered earnest money and because there was no separate consideration for\r\n14-day period during which buyer could decide whether buyer wanted to go\r\nthrough with the transaction).", "  The trial\r\ncourt did not err in granting summary judgment for the sellers.", "\nInapplicability of the Goswami Presumption\n\n\n\n\nAdditionally,\r\nthe majority correctly holds that the trial court did not err in granting a\r\nfinal summary judgment even though the sellers= motion for summary judgment did not\r\naddress the new claims added by the buyer in his fifth amended petition, after\r\nthe summary-judgment hearing.", "  The\r\nsummary-judgment rule itself provides some support for this holding, but beyond\r\nthat the buyer invokes the Texas Supreme Court=s holding in Goswami to argue\r\nthat these newly added claims were properly before the trial court and thus the\r\ncourt could not have disposed of them when they were not addressed in the\r\nsellers= summary-judgment motion.", "  See Goswami v. Metro. ", "Sav. & ", "Loan Ass=n, 751 S.W.2d 487, 490 (Tex. ", "1988).", "  In Goswami, our high court held that,\r\ndespite the clear language of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 63 requiring leave\r\nof court for late-filed pleadings, leave of court will be presumed if (1) the\r\nrecord is silent of any basis to conclude that the trial court did not consider\r\nthis pleading; and (2) the opposing party does not show surprise or prejudice.", "  Goswami, however, is not without\r\nlimits. ", "It does not apply in cases, such as this one, in which the late-filed\r\npleading is filed after the summary-judgment hearing.", "  See Automaker, Inc. v. C.C.R.T. Co.,\r\n976 S.W.2d 744, 745 (Tex. ", "App.", "CHouston [1st Dist.] ", "1998, no pet.); ", "Leinen v. Buffington=s Bayou City Serv. ", "Co., 824 S.W.2d 682, 685 (Tex. ", "App.", "CHouston [14th Dist.] ", "1992, no\r\nwrit).", "  Given the buyer=s failure to obtain leave of court,\r\nthe trial court did not err in granting summary judgment despite the buyer=s filing of the fifth amended\r\npetition after the summary-judgment hearing.", " \r\nSee Automaker, Inc., 976 S.W.2d at 745; Leinen, 824\r\nS.W.2d at 685.", "  Accordingly, the majority\r\ncorrectly overrules this challenge to the trial court=s judgment.", "\n \n \n/s/        Kem Thompson Frost\nJustice\n \nJudgment rendered and Memorandum Majority and\r\nConcurring Opinions filed December 21, 2004.", "\n \nPanel consists of Justices Edelman, Frost, and Guzman.", "  (Edelman, J., majority.)", "\n \n \n\n\n\n\n[1]           See\nGoswami v. Metro. ", "Sav. & ", "Loan Ass=n, 751 S.W.2d 487, 490 (Tex. ", "1988) (holding that,\r\nnotwithstanding provision of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 63 requiring leave\r\nof court for late-filed pleadings, leave of court will be presumed if (1) the\r\nrecord is silent of any basis to conclude that the trial court did not consider\r\nthis pleading; and (2) the opposing party does not show surprise or prejudice).", "\n\n\n" ]

[ 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0.022727272727272728, 0.03278688524590164, 0.017142857142857144, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0, 0.002551020408163265, 0, 0, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0.004705882352941176, 0, 0, 0.002398081534772182, 0, 0.16666666666666666, 0.045454545454545456, 0, 0, 0, 0.0029940119760479044, 0.0028169014084507044, 0, 0.14285714285714285, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0.047619047619047616, 0, 0.05, 0, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0, 0, 0.04285714285714286, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0.05263157894736842, 0.07692307692307693, 0.022222222222222223, 0.14285714285714285, 0.02631578947368421, 0.0029411764705882353, 0 ]

[ "## Internal package for [webpack:webpack](https://atmospherejs.com/webpack/webpack)\n" ]

[ 0.011904761904761904 ]

[ " COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE\n FIRST DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON\n\n ORDER\n\nAppellate case name: In re David Torres, Torres Metals Recycling, and Torres Salvage, Inc.\n\nAppellate case number: 01-17-00967-CV\n\nTrial court case number: 33276\n\nTrial court: 12th District Court of Grimes County\n\n Relators, David Torres, Torres Metals Recycling, and Torres Salvage, Inc., filed a petition\nfor writ of mandamus in this Court and requested emergency relief staying all trial proceedings,\nincluding the trial scheduled to begin on January 3, 2018, pending resolution of the petition for\nwrit of mandamus.", "\n We grant the motion for emergency relief and order the underlying trial court proceedings,\nincluding trial, STAYED, pending resolution of the petition for writ of mandamus.", "\n Real party in interest is asked to file a response to the petition for writ of mandamus within\n21 days from the date of this order.", "\n It is so ORDERED.", "\n\nJudge’s signature: /s/ Jennifer Caughey\n  Acting individually  Acting for the Court\n\n\nDate: December 22, 2017\n\f" ]

[ 0.008310249307479225, 0, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406 ]

[ "Computing devices generate, use, and store data. ", "The data may be, for example, images, document, webpages, or meta-data associated with any of the files. ", "The data may be stored locally on a persistent storage of a computing device and/or may be stored remotely on a persistent storage of another computing device." ]

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Quote from: zubenelgenubi on 03/01/2016 12:15 am Shouldn't launcher assembly start soon?", "\n\n\n\n\n\nShe rolled to the pad yesterday\n\n\n\nQuote\n\nFor those members of our industry and government launch vehicle team, it is our collective responsibility to keep the rocket — which is the only known natural predator of a satellite — at bay.", "\n\nYes, see SFNs Delta 4-Heavy goes to launch pad for national security flight (I did a web browser search and have not yet found other sources.)There's an interesting quote from Dr. Walt Lauderdale, technical director of the EELV generation and operations division within the Air Force’s Launch Systems Enterprise Directorate at the Space and Missile Systems Center in Los Angeles.", "EDIT: Source inclusion as suggested by Rocket Guy" ]

[ 0.011363636363636364, 0.004166666666666667, 0.007874015748031496, 0.02040816326530612 ]

[ "Q:\n\nBasic Mathematics, Rules for Multiplication trouble\n\nDoing some self study from the text Basic Mathematics by Serge Lang\nI ran into an exercise question which I can't seem to wrap my head around.", "\nThe question is:\nExpress the following expressions in the form $2^m3^na^rb^s$ ,where $m,n,r,s$ are positive integers.", "\n$8a^2b^3(27a^4)(2^5ab)$\nAfter some research I found that the final answer is expressed as\n$2^83^3a^7b^4$\nI've attempted to use distribution as a means of solving it but end up stuck and confused.", "\nI'm entirely lost as to how that answer is derived. ", "\n\nA:\n\nThe key idea here is that multiplication is both commutative and associative, so we may multiply in any order and in any groupings we wish, as well as \"break up\" products into any groupings and any order we wish.", "\nThe expression $8a^2b^3(27a^4)(2^5ab)$, by associativity and commutativity, is just the same expression without the parentheses and with the powers of 2 first, then the powers of 3, then the powers of $a$, and finally the powers of $b$. So $8a^2b^3(27a^4)(2^5ab)=8\\cdot2^5\\cdot27\\cdot a^2a^4ab^3b$. \nUsing our rules of exponents, we can then condense these products of similar numbers into one big power. ", "So $8\\cdot2^5\\cdot27\\cdot a^2a^4ab^3b = 2^83^3a^7b^4$, which is the answer your research uncovered.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.005025125628140704, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n\nAsk HN: Client Secret at Android - rajlalwani\n\nHello Fellow Hackers,<p>For OAuth token from server for Mobile app, we need to pass Client Secret from Android (and iOS) app which can be compromised easily. ", "I was wondering if you can share best practises to keep Client ID and Client Secret from getting exposed during reverse engg or decompilation. ", "\nCheers,\nRaj\n======\nviraptor\nIf the secret is valuable, someone will get it out. ", "If it isn't, nobody will\nlook. ", "It's probably enough to just xor the bytes with something to stop the\nsecret from showing up in `strings`, but otherwise... it's client app. ", "You\ncan't control it.", "\n\n(it's still going to be visible in captured traffic after stripping tls)\n\n" ]

[ 0.014492753623188406, 0.006993006993006993, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Wednesday, October 17, 2012\n\nShining Ark - First Arts, Screenshots\n\nSEGA announced Shining Arc for the PSP in this week’s Famitsu.", "\nMedia.", "Vision is working on the new project. ", "The studio’s previous work\nincludes the Wild Arms series, Valkyria Chronicles III, and Dragon Ball:\nRevenge of King Piccolo." ]

[ 0.015384615384615385, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516 ]

[ "Disney is closing in on an agreement to purchase 21st Century Fox’s television and movie production assets for approximately $60 billion, CNBC reported on Tuesday.", "\n\nA deal could be announced as soon as next week, it added.", "\n\nUnder such a deal, Disney would likely acquire the National Geographic cable channel, various regional sports channels and Fox's stakes in Sky and Hulu, CNBC reported. ", "Previous reports said Fox could also sell off its FX network.", "\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\nFox would keep its news and business news operations as well as broadcast network and Fox Sports, CNBC added.", "\n\nComcast is also reportedly in talks to buy Fox’s entertainment divisions, but Disney is much closer to an agreement, according to CNBC." ]

[ 0.018404907975460124, 0, 0.023529411764705882, 0.03278688524590164, 0.023809523809523808, 0.021897810218978103 ]

[ "The last glacier in Scotland may have melted within the last 400, not 11,500 years ago as previously believed, new research finds.", "\n\nThe Cairngorm Mountains of eastern Scotland are the snowiest part of the Scottish Highlands even today. ", "But previous studies of rocks from around the United Kingdom suggested that the last glaciers vanished from the region after about 11,500 years ago, when a cold period called the Younger Dryas ended.", "\n\n\"Conventional wisdom is that's when Scotland had its last glaciers,\" said study researcher Martin Kirkbride, a senior lecturer at the University of Dundee. ", "The new study reveals that a later cold snap brought glaciers back to the land.", "\n\nSEE ALSO: Ice World: A Gallery of Awe-Inspiring Glaciers\n\nThe Last Glacier\n\nKirkbride discovered Scotland's last glacier inadvertently while doing fieldwork with undergraduate students in the Cairngorms. ", "One student was working on a project about how avalanches moved debris down the mountain slopes, and the researchers were curious about where the boulders they saw littering the bottom of the hills came from. ", "They hiked up the slope and found ridges of boulders bordering a large slab of granite.", "\n\n\"They looked like glacial moraine ridges,\" Kirkbride told LiveScience.", "\n\nA moraine is a pile of soil and rock pushed into position by the inexorable movement of a glacier. ", "The researchers took five samples from the boulder ridge to test for age.", "\n\nTo date the rock, the team used an approach called cosmogenic Beryllium-10 dating. ", "This technique measures the levels of a variant of the element Beryllium inside quartz crystals in the rock. ", "When the glacier comes through and breaks open the rock, the quartz inside is exposed to the cosmic rays that constantly bombard the planet. ", "The rays react with the quartz, creating Beryllium-10. ", "By measuring the amount of Beryllium-10, researchers can estimate how long the quartz has been exposed.", "\n\nThe results revealed a surprising spread between about 5,000 and 850 years ago, Kirkbride said. ", "The broad range is likely because some of the boulders were exposed on cliff sides before falling and being transported by the glacier. ", "Thus, the youngest ages point to the era of the latest glacial activity.", "\n\nReconstructing a Cold Snap\n\nNext, the researchers looked at climate history in that date range to find the \"coolest, most glacier-friendly\" era, Kirkbride said. ", "They found the likely candidate to be the Little Ice Age, a cooling period that extended perhaps into the 1800s, and concluded that the glacier likely formed between 1650 and 1790 and could have persisted into the mid-1800s.", "\n\nDuring the Little Ice Age, northern Britain was racked by food shortages and the River Thames would freeze over in winter, Kirkbride said. ", "The cooling climate may have driven the Vikings from Greenland. ", "Researchers have speculated that the cold period could have brought glaciers back to Scotland, but no one had ever found physical proof. ", "At least one document from the era mentions that the Cairngorms were snowcapped year-round for generations, Kirkbride said.", "\n\n\"You would expect that there would have been a glacier forming, if there was snow accumulating over two or three generations,\" he said. ", "The new study, published in the February issue of the journal The Holocene, is the first physical proof backing up that historical record.", "\n\nIn a study published alongside Kirkbride's, researchers from the University of Exeter and the University of Aberystwyth used climate modeling to gauge how cool and snowy Scotland needed to be in order to host glaciers. ", "The team found that a drop of 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) in the yearly average temperature and a 10 percent increase in precipitation could have yielded small glaciers in the Cairngorms.", "\n\nThis article originally published at LiveScience here" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.005025125628140704, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0, 0.006134969325153374, 0, 0.0070921985815602835, 0.015625, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.007246376811594203, 0.013574660633484163, 0, 0 ]

[ "Watson Government\n\nThe Watson Government was the third federal executive government of the Commonwealth of Australia. ", "It was led by Prime Minister Chris Watson of the Australian Labor Party from 27 April 1904 to 18 August 1904. ", "The Watson Government was the first Labor Party national government in both Australia and in the world. ", "Watson was aged just 37 when he became Prime Minister of Australia, and remains the youngest person to have held the post.", "\n\nBackground\n\nThe Australian Federal Parliament had come into being with the Federation of Britain's Australian colonies in 1901. ", "Edmund Barton's Protectionists held power in coalition with Labour, until Barton was succeeded by Alfred Deakin. ", "The short-lived first Deakin Government failed to pass any legislation in the fledgling Australian Federal Parliament, and its shaky coalition with the Labour Party did not long survive the December 1903 Election. ", "By the resumption of Parliament in March 1904, the Deakin Government had fallen, amid a dispute over a Labour Party amendment to the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill.", "\n\nUnder Watson, Labour had adopted a policy of support for the Barton and Deakin Governments in return for concessions. ", "However, the response of the conservative Victorian Government to a railway strike led Federal Labour to stridently pursue inclusion of state public servants within the ambit of the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, which Deakin was reluctant to accept. ", "Labour made gains at the 1903 Election, and when Deakin sought to reintroduce his Bill following the election, the Labour amendment was again carried, leading Deakin to resign.", "\n\nChris Watson\n\nJohn Christian (Chris) Watson (1867–1941) was a trade unionist, company director, and politician who led Australia's—and the world's—first Labor national government.", "\n\nWatson left school aged ten, worked as an assistant railway construction worker, farm hand, stable hand and compositor before becoming heavily involved in trade union politics. ", "He was elected to the Trades and Labour Council in 1890, and the following year became involved with the newly formed Labor Party, entering the NSW Parliament as a Labour MP in 1894. ", "He was active in arguing the Labour case for Federation, and joined Labor's opposition to the Australian Constitution put to referendum in the 1890s, though accepted the majority vote once obtained.", "\n\nWatson entered the new Federal Parliament as Member for Bland, and at the first meeting of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party in May 1901, he was elected leader. ", "Through the first decade of Federation, Labour, the Protectionists and Free Traders were unable to secure majorities and were forced to govern in coalitions. ", "Watson was aged just 37 when he became Prime Minister of Australia, and remains the youngest person to hold the post. ", "McMullin wrote of Watson that \"in that era of intractable parliamentary unwieldiness, his party had to pursue its objectives in concert with non-Labor MPs, and Watson's amiable personality was an important factor in Labor's capacity to negotiate desirable outcomes.\"", "\n\nMinistry\n\nThe Watson Ministry was the third Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 27 April 1904 to 17 August 1904. ", "It was the first federal ministry formed by the Australian Labor Party.", "\n\nWatson became Treasurer, and gave External Affairs to Billy Hughes. ", "Home Affairs went to Egerton Batchelor, and Trade and Customs to Andrew Fisher. ", "Anderson Dawson became Minister for Defence and Hugh Mahon was appointed Postmaster-General. ", "The portfolio of Attorney General went to H. B. Higgins, who was not a Labour member.", "\n\nTerm of office\n\nWatson commanded a majority in neither the House of Representatives, nor the Senate. ", "Many Australian conservatives greeted the arrival of a Labour Government with fear. ", "Deakin promised \"the utmost fair play\" to allow the new government to operate, but his Protectionist Party was too divided to agree to serve in a Labour led alliance. ", "Watson soon admitted to \"despair\", and when his government lost a vote on an amendment to the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill regarding unionists, Watson resigned.", "\n\nAmid the volatile environment of early Federation Australian politics, the Watson Government passed just six bills. ", "Other than an amended Acts Interpretation Act 1904, these were all money bills, however, Watson advanced the landmark Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, passed later in 1904 by the Reid Government.", "\n\nAftermath\n\nGeorge Reid of the Free Trade Party was sworn in as Prime Minister on 18 August, and Watson returned to negotiations with the liberal wing of the Protectionists. ", "Reid governed in shaky coalition with the Protectionists, and his government lasted until July 1905. ", "Reid denounced Labour as the \"Socialist tiger\". ", "Watson encouraged Deakin to abandon the Free Traders, saying: \"We, and especially me, don't want office, but I have the utmost anxiety to stop the retrogressive movement which Reid is heading.\" ", "Deakin commenced his second term as Prime Minister in July 1905, with Labour's support.", "\n\nReid adopted a strategy of trying to reorient the party system along Labour vs non-Labour lines – prior to the 1906 election, he renamed his Free Trade Party to the Anti-Socialist Party. ", "Reid envisaged a spectrum running from socialist to anti-socialist, with the Protectionists in the middle. ", "This attempt struck a chord with politicians who were steeped in the Westminster tradition and regarded a two-party system as very much the norm.", "\n\nSee also\nHistory of Australia\nHistory of Australia (1901–45)\n\nReferences\n\nMcMullin, Ross; Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition; Edited by Michelle Grattan; New Holland; 2013\n\nWatson\nCategory:1904 in Australia\nCategory:Democratic socialism\nCategory:Labour parties" ]

[ 0.01694915254237288, 0.01818181818181818, 0.019230769230769232, 0.00819672131147541, 0.007692307692307693, 0.02654867256637168, 0.009345794392523364, 0.023952095808383235, 0.025, 0.011764705882352941, 0.017045454545454544, 0.027624309392265192, 0.00558659217877095, 0.01092896174863388, 0.010101010101010102, 0.023952095808383235, 0.006329113924050633, 0.00847457627118644, 0.015037593984962405, 0.015873015873015872, 0.014084507042253521, 0.05714285714285714, 0.05, 0.021505376344086023, 0.023529411764705882, 0.02912621359223301, 0.011904761904761904, 0.011976047904191617, 0.01818181818181818, 0.00847457627118644, 0.01015228426395939, 0.017142857142857144, 0.009900990099009901, 0.020833333333333332, 0.015463917525773196, 0.022988505747126436, 0.010582010582010581, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0.010638297872340425 ]

[ "Mating system and genetic structure across all known populations of Dyckia brevifolia: a clonal, endemic and endangered rheophyte bromeliad.", "\nDyckia brevifolia is an endemic rheophyte bromeliad that occurs exclusively in patches on rocky banks of the Itajaí-Açu River in southern Brazil. ", "The genetic diversity of all known populations was carried out using allozyme markers and the total numbers of rosettes, reproductive rosettes, and clumps per population were characterized. ", "The mating system was also investigated. ", "Most rosettes were aggregated in groups, and the populations differed significantly in number of rosettes and reproductive rosettes per population. ", "The outcrossing rate obtained was 8.2%, with predominant selfing. ", "The populations presented an average of 1.4 alleles per locus and 27% of polymorphisms. ", "The mean expected genetic diversity was 0.067. ", "Downstream populations showed the highest genetic diversity which could be attributed to hydrochory (unidirectional river flow). ", "Most genetic diversity is distributed among populations ( FˆSTF^ST = 0.402). ", "Natural habitats of D. brevifolia are not recommended for the construction of hydroelectric plants given that it would seriously complicate in situ conservation of this species. ", "Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that between 35 and 161 reproductive rosettes must be collected for effective ex situ conservation, depending on the targeted population, or seeds collected from 157 seed-rosettes per population." ]

[ 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "digraph finite_state_machine {\n\nnode [shape = doublecircle]; LR_0 LR_3 LR_4 LR_8;\nLR_0 [shape = doublecircle]\nLR_3 [shape = doublecircle]\nLR_4 [shape = doublecircle]\nLR_8 [shape = doublecircle]\n\n\tnode [shape = circle];\n\n\tLR_0 -> LR_2\n LR_0 -> LR_1 \n\tLR_1 -> LR_3\n LR_2 -> LR_6 \n\tLR_2 -> LR_5\n LR_2 -> LR_4 \n\tLR_5 -> LR_7\n LR_6 -> LR_5 \n\tLR_7 -> LR_8\n LR_7 -> LR_5 \n\tLR_8 -> LR_6\n LR_8 -> LR_5 \n}\n" ]

[ 0.007246376811594203 ]

[ "Q:\n\nIt looks like opencv swaps the blue and red channels?", "\n\nI am new to opencv.", "\nI found the following code swaps red and blue channel when I fed sRGB png to it. ", "Which function should I blame, imread or fromarray?", "\n\nA:\n\nYes, OpenCV follows BGR color convention internally. ", "However, you may either use cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) before displaying your image using a third party function(display() in this case). ", "Or you can also use cv2.imshow() method to debug images, which doesn't require cv2.cvtColor()\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0.010526315789473684 ]

[ "В Венеции наводнение, вода поднялась на полтора метра\n\nДля просмотра этого контента вам надо включить JavaScript или использовать другой браузер Подпись к видео, Самое сильное наводнение в Венеции за последние 40 лет. ", "Видео\n\nВ Венеции произошло сильнейшее за последние годы наводнение.", "Вода в городе поднялась на полтора метра.", "\n\nПо меньшей мере восемь человек стали жертвами непогоды в Италии. ", "Проливные дожди и сильный ветер привели к наводнению в ряде регионов страны. ", "Власти из соображений безопасности приняли решение закрыть школы и доступ к туристическим достопримечательностям в ряде районов.", "\n\nИз-за проливных дождей затопленным оказался исторический центр Венеции. ", "Около 75% улиц и площадей города оказались под водой.", "\n\nАвтор фото, Reuters\n\nВ понедельник, когда уровень воды поднялся до 156 см, была закрыта главная городская площадь Венеции - площадь Сан-Марко.", "\n\nЭто четвертое по силе наводнение в городе за всю историю наблюдений. ", "Однако, как кажется, многие жители и гости Венеции не намерены менять свои планы.", "\n\nАвтор фото, EPA\n\nАвтор фото, Reuters Подпись к фото, Площадь Сан-Марко была закрыта в понедельник\n\nМногие пешеходы передвигаются по деревянных настилам. ", "Некоторые переобуваются в резиновые сапоги, либо надевают высокие полиэтиленовые бахилы.", "\n\nАвтор фото, Getty Images\n\nАвтор фото, AFP\n\nМагазины и лавки продолжают работать, а продавцы пытаются спасти товар.", "\n\nАвтор фото, EPA\n\nВ Венеции и во всем регионе Венето объявлен красный (высокий) уровень метеоопасности. ", "Местных жителей и туристов предупреждают о перебоях в движении транспорта.", "\n\nАвтор фото, Getty Images\n\nПо прогнозам метеорологов, в ближайшие дни улучшения погодных условий не ожидается.", "\n\nАвтор фото, Reuters\n\nАвтор фото, Getty Images" ]

[ 0.027522935779816515, 0, 0, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0.0078125, 0, 0, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.025806451612903226, 0.022727272727272728, 0.02586206896551724, 0.047619047619047616, 0, 0.018018018018018018, 0.06382978723404255 ]

[ "/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */\n/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public\n * License, v. 2.0. ", "If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this\n * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */\n#ifndef nsLeafBoxFrame_h___\n#define nsLeafBoxFrame_h___\n\n#include \"mozilla/Attributes.h\"\n#include \"nsLeafFrame.h\"\n#include \"nsBox.h\"\n\nclass nsAccessKeyInfo;\n\nclass nsLeafBoxFrame : public nsLeafFrame\n{\npublic:\n NS_DECL_FRAMEARENA_HELPERS\n\n friend nsIFrame* NS_NewLeafBoxFrame(nsIPresShell* aPresShell, nsStyleContext* aContext);\n\n virtual nsSize GetPrefSize(nsBoxLayoutState& aState) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual nsSize GetMinSize(nsBoxLayoutState& aState) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual nsSize GetMaxSize(nsBoxLayoutState& aState) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual nscoord GetFlex(nsBoxLayoutState& aState) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual nscoord GetBoxAscent(nsBoxLayoutState& aState) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual nsIAtom* GetType() const MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual bool IsFrameOfType(uint32_t aFlags) const MOZ_OVERRIDE\n {\n // This is bogus, but it's what we've always done.", "\n // Note that nsLeafFrame is also eReplacedContainsBlock.", "\n return nsLeafFrame::IsFrameOfType(aFlags &\n ~(nsIFrame::eReplaced | nsIFrame::eReplacedContainsBlock | nsIFrame::eXULBox));\n }\n\n#ifdef DEBUG_FRAME_DUMP\n virtual nsresult GetFrameName(nsAString& aResult) const MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n#endif\n\n // nsIHTMLReflow overrides\n\n virtual void MarkIntrinsicISizesDirty() MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual nscoord GetMinISize(nsRenderingContext *aRenderingContext) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n virtual nscoord GetPrefISize(nsRenderingContext *aRenderingContext) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n // Our auto size is that provided by nsFrame, not nsLeafFrame\n virtual mozilla::LogicalSize\n ComputeAutoSize(nsRenderingContext *aRenderingContext,\n mozilla::WritingMode aWritingMode,\n const mozilla::LogicalSize& aCBSize,\n nscoord aAvailableISize,\n const mozilla::LogicalSize& aMargin,\n const mozilla::LogicalSize& aBorder,\n const mozilla::LogicalSize& aPadding,\n bool aShrinkWrap) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual void Reflow(nsPresContext* aPresContext,\n nsHTMLReflowMetrics& aDesiredSize,\n const nsHTMLReflowState& aReflowState,\n nsReflowStatus& aStatus) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual nsresult CharacterDataChanged(CharacterDataChangeInfo* aInfo) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual void Init(nsIContent* aContent,\n nsContainerFrame* aParent,\n nsIFrame* asPrevInFlow) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual void BuildDisplayList(nsDisplayListBuilder* aBuilder,\n const nsRect& aDirtyRect,\n const nsDisplayListSet& aLists) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual nsresult AttributeChanged(int32_t aNameSpaceID,\n nsIAtom* aAttribute,\n int32_t aModType) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n virtual bool ComputesOwnOverflowArea() MOZ_OVERRIDE { return false; }\n\nprotected:\n\n NS_IMETHOD DoLayout(nsBoxLayoutState& aState) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n#ifdef DEBUG_LAYOUT\n virtual void GetBoxName(nsAutoString& aName) MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n#endif\n\n virtual nscoord GetIntrinsicISize() MOZ_OVERRIDE;\n\n nsLeafBoxFrame(nsIPresShell* aShell, nsStyleContext* aContext);\n\nprivate:\n\n void UpdateMouseThrough();\n\n\n}; // class nsLeafBoxFrame\n\n#endif /* nsLeafBoxFrame_h___ */\n" ]

[ 0.005847953216374269, 0.006243496357960458, 0, 0.004633529907329402 ]

[ "Q:\n\nTheme is not displaying category products\n\nI have a problem with my theme, the only thing i need is to display category products (products from one category, just one to be exact) and i really can't make it work.", "\nThis should work, because i found it with google and it worked for someone:\n<p>{{block type=\"catalog/category_view\" template=\"catalog/category/view.phtml\" category_id=\"7\"}}</p>\n\nBut it's not working for me, for some reason my theme doesn't seem to be working like this and I get the error:\nFatal error: Call to a member function getMetaTitle() on a non-object in /app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Block/Category/View.php on line 44\n\nchanging the \"block\" to \"widget\" (it seems this theme works with widgets)\n<p>{{widget type=\"catalog/category_view\" template=\"catalog/category/view.phtml\" category_id=\"7\"}}</p>\n\nremoves the error but doesn't show anything.", "\n\nA:\n\nAre you trying to display those products from specific category on CMS Page?", "\nIf yes then use XML for this. ", "Edit your Layout Update XML section while editing in CMS > Pages > Your page\n<reference name=\"content\"> \n<block type=\"catalog/product_specials\" name=\"product_list\" template=\"catalog/product/list.phtml\"> \n<block type=\"catalog/product_list_toolbar\" name=\"product_list_toolbar\" template=\"catalog/product/list/toolbar.phtml\"> \n <block type=\"page/html_pager\" name=\"product_list_toolbar_pager\"/></block> \n <action method=\"setCategoryId\"><category_id>7</category_id></action> \n <action method=\"setToolbarBlockName\"><name>product_list_toolbar</name></action> \n</block>\n</reference> \n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0.004846526655896607 ]

[ "Morphological differentiation of taste organs in the ontogeny of Salamandra salamandra.", "\nMorphological studies presented here provide additional cytological evidence that in the postnatal development of Salamandra salamandra there are two successive generations of taste organs: premetamorphic taste buds (TBs) in larval forms and taste disks (TDs) in postmetamorphic animals. ", "The TBs have been found in the epithelium of the whole oropharyngeal cavity of larval forms, while in adults TDs appear only at the end of metamorphosis. ", "The TDs can be papillary (or fungiform) on the soft (secondary) tongue and non-papillary outside the tongue. ", "Two main cyto-morphological criteria distinguishing TDs from TBs have been established: (1) high differentiation of \"nonsensory\" components of a taste organ into several kinds of cells (often named \"associate cells\")--at least mucous cells and, separating them, wing cells; (2) a considerably larger area of the sensory epithelium than that in TBs, as the consequence of the large size of the mucous cells. ", "In contrast to TDs each TB consists of longitudinally elongated supporting cells and taste cells, as well as of horizontally oriented basal cells, adjacent to the basement membrane. ", "The sensory area in TBs measures 10-12 microm in diameter, while that in TDs has diameter of 45-90 microm. ", "The anlage of the secondary tongue appears as a small folding of the floor epithelium just in front to the tip of the primary tongue in larvae 3 cm long, and is definitely formed in an animal with body length of about 6 cm." ]

[ 0.011494252873563218, 0.0034602076124567475, 0, 0, 0.002457002457002457, 0.005494505494505495, 0, 0 ]

[ "Knowing how to start a fire is one of the most critical elements to surviving an emergency or wilderness survival situation. ", "Hopefully you’re carrying some kind of fire starting gear in your EDC or your go bag but if not, there are many ways to start a fire. ", "Just FYI, I still think this is the best fire starter overall, and it’s always the first thing I grab.", "\n\nYou should learn as many fire-making methods as possible because you never know what situation you’ll be in where you need to make one. ", "I have MANY ways to start a fire in my personal bug out bag because I think it’s so important – and my pack’s still only 25 pounds. ", "Also, remember that it’s important to build your fire correctly before lighting it so it stays lit.", "\n\nThis goes for a lot of survival skills but fire gives you heat, cooking, craft-making ability, water purification, light, and protection. ", "Also, practice these for yourself so you know exactly how they work and not just think remembering a concept will always work.", "\n\nRemember, these methods usually have many variations that you can use if you understand the concept behind it.", "\n\nHere are some unique and creative ways to start a fire without a lighter or permanent survival match.", "\n\nFriction-based fire-starting\n\nWell, since there are literally thousands of website pages and youtube videos out there that show how to start a fire by rubbing two sticks together, this isn’t really creative. ", "Boring. ", "Next!", "\n\nElectrical methods\n\nCell phone and steel wool\n\nCell phones have a battery that can ignite things like steel wool or small batteries. ", "Watch the magic happen:\n\nBatteries and gum wrapper\n\nI’ve tried this one myself. ", "The trick is to get the wrapper cut small enough that it heats up enough but wide enough that it doesn’t burn up or break before you get your fire started. ", "It takes two batteries because each is 1.5v and that’s not quite enough. ", "You could use a 9v instead, and you can use strips of aluminum foil instead of the gum wrapper. ", "You also have to have your tinder and fire ready to go though because this doesn’t burn very long:\n\n9v and Steel wool\n\nsteel wool can be ignited by rubbing both battery posts of a 9V battery, the battery from your cell phone if it’s removable, or wires from a 12v car battery on it. ", "Here’s a quick video of a 9v and steel wool .", "\n\nChemical reactions to get a fire going\n\nBrake fluid and chlorine\n\nIf you find some chlorine powder or tablets that you can shave or pound into powder, you can combine that with brake fluid to start a fire. ", "You’ll need to use chlorine powder or shaved tablets for a pool because I doubt your laundry chlorine will work. ", "This one is extremely exothermic so it’ll have some force behind it when it combusts. ", "You need to make a big tinder pile and stand back:\n\n\n\nPotassium Permanganate and glycerin is my favorite way to start a fire without a lighter theoretically but I haven’t been able to find a way to do it realistically.", "\n\nUsing the sun to start a fire (without having to fly there)\n\nObviously, a magnifying glass is a great fire starter. ", "One REALLY FREAKING POWERFUL way to do this is to take the Fresnel lens out of a broken projection TV to light a fire. ", "This works so well that you could use this to cook with or heat water or take over a small nation. ", "You can also order smaller fresnel lenses that are more portable. ", "Watch and learn peeps; watch and learn:\n\nNow in a survival situation, you’re prolly not gonna carry around a Fresnel lens out of a projection TV. ", "They make page-sized fresnel lenses though that you can carry – and they’re super cheap (see the video below where I try the one I bought and did a review on). ", "You just have to try to keep them flat so they don’t get a crease or they’ll be a bit less effective. ", "You also have to play with bending it slightly in your hand as you’re lighting your tinder. ", "Focus the light on the inside pieces of the tinder so as they heat up and catch, they catch the pieces above them. ", "I took this quick video in my back yard just to see how well it worked. ", "I had to hold my iPhone to take the video so I put a small tinder bundle of dried grass I found in my yard (I really gotta do some yard work) and folded them into an old cardboard box to keep the bundle tight. ", "It only took a few seconds for it to catch:\n\nSoda can\n\nI don’t know what he’s talking about with the tinder or whatever but if you have some toothpaste or clay or sand or whatever and a crapload of time to polish the bottom of a soda or beer can, you can get a fire to light. ", "It’s not as easy as you think though:\n\nReflector from a flashlight\n\nA flashlight reflector is designed to take light from one point and focus it forward. ", "Because mirrors work both ways, you can use flashlight reflectors to focus light into one point. ", "Here’s an interesting video that explains it better than my powerpoint slides would:\n\nThis video shows a few ways to start a fire using water as a lens to focus the sun’s energy in one spot. ", "It also shows using sodium, but I don’t know where you’d find that.", "\n\n5 Ways to start a fire with water\n\nAir pressure\n\nFire can also be made by compressing air. ", "I’ve included a video showing one way you can make them from scratch but there are many ways to do it with copper or PVC tubing or whatever but you might just want to go ahead and order one of these badass fire pistons instead (it has a firesteel backup that comes with it btw).", "\n\n\n\nKeep in mind, one of the most critical elements to getting a fire started and keeping it going easily with the fuel you have available is building it properly. ", "It’s so important that I’ve devoted an entire post just for that.", "\n\nI think the best way is still to have a lighter in your pocket as part of your EDC kit as well as in your bug out bag and/or camping gear. ", "As of this writing, there’s a free offer for an Everstryke Match that you can sign up for (you have to pay shipping but they still call it free for some reason). ", "It’s sealed so it doesn’t have the problems that Bic lighters do.", "\n\nThe more methods you learn about how to start a fire, the easier it’ll be for you to find a way with what you have in a survival situation. ", "Just make sure you get out there and practice!" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0035971223021582736, 0, 0, 0.0070921985815602835, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "A Seattle law firm has filed a class-action lawsuit accusing Apple and five book publishers of engaging in price fixing around sales of electronic books. ", "The suit, filed today in U.S. District Court in Northern California, alleges that Apple and HarperCollins Publishers, Hachette Book Group, Macmillan Publishers, Penguin Group Inc. and Simon & Schuster “colluded” on book prices in order to force Amazon.com to “abandon its pro-consumer discount pricing.”", "\n\n“Fortunately for the publishers, they had a co-conspirator as terrified as they were over Amazon’s popularity and pricing structure, and that was Apple,” said Steve Berman, attorney representing consumers and founding partner of Hagens Berman. “", "We intend to prove that Apple needed a way to neutralize Amazon’s Kindle before its popularity could challenge the upcoming introduction of the iPad, a device Apple intended to compete as an e-reader.”", "\n\nIn a press release, Berman, a class-action specialist, continued:\n\n“As a result of the pricing conspiracy, prices of e-books have exploded, jumping as much as 50 percent. ", "When an e-book version of a best-seller costs close to – or even more than – its hard-copy counterpart, it doesn’t take a forensic economist to see that this is evidence of market manipulation.”", "\n\nThe suit also notes that Amazon’s pricing “threatened to disrupt the publishers’ long-established brick-and-mortar model faster than the publishers were willing to accept.”", "\n\nYou can read the entire press release and see a copy of the suit here.", "\n\n[scribd id=61967505 key=key-11bnjykmi10uqhbea50k mode=list]" ]

[ 0.006493506493506494, 0.026402640264026403, 0.016194331983805668, 0.024875621890547265, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0.005747126436781609, 0, 0 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a magnetic-head supporting mechanism for a magnetic-disc apparatus, and in particular, to a magnetic-head supporting mechanism that is excellent in impact resistance.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nIt has been reported that when a large impact is applied to a conventional magnetic-disc apparatus in the direction perpendicular to a disc surface, a slider jumps up from the magnetic disc surface, is tilted while floating, and falls from the angle of a slider floating rail to contact and damage the disc surface (IEEE TRANSACTION ON MAGNETICS Vol. ", "31, No. ", "6, pp. ", "3006 to 3008: NOVEMBER, 1995). ", "This article also reports that a “jump stop” is effectively provided on the slider in order to reduce the damage to the disc caused by an impact.", "\nIn addition, JP-A-8-102159 discloses a mechanism comprising a pin protrusion (a limiter section) on a cover or on a base of a magnetic-disc apparatus wherein if the magnetic-disc apparatus is subjected to an impact to oscillate a suspension having a magnetic head at its free end, the free end of the suspension contacts the pin protrusion and is stopped from being further displaced toward the base or cover.", "\nAccording to the conventional mechanism, if the slider is subjected to an impact and leaves the disc surface, the jump height is restricted by the jump stop or pin protrusion to a predetermined value or less. ", "An object of this configuration is to reduce the speed or acceleration at which the slider collides against the disc in order to reduce the damage to the slider and disc upon the impact, thereby improving the impact resistance of the magnetic-disc apparatus.", "\nOn the other hand, the degree of damage depends on the magnitude of the speed and acceleration at which the slider contacts the disc as well as the extent of the contact area. ", "That is, the contact area significantly varies depending on whether a floating surface (a surface that is opposed to the disc surface and on which a floating force is effected) of the slider contacts the disc surface in parallel or the slider rotates and contacts the disc surface at the corners of its floating surface or at its bleed surface (a surface that is opposed to the disc surface and on which a floating force is not effected). ", "Thus, even if the slider contacts the disc surface at the same speed and acceleration, the contact area pressure (stress) significantly varies depending on the contact areas of the slider and disc surface, that is, the position of the slider in which it collides against the disc surface, resulting in significantly different degrees of damage. ", "The prior art does not take this point into account." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0024390243902439024, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "First-Ever Polyphonic Theremin Unveiled?", "\n\nEnlarge this image toggle caption YouTube YouTube\n\nOne gliding, gorgeous note on the theremin is heavenly. ", "But, good god, look what they've done!", "\n\nYouTube\n\n[Editor's Note: This story was posted on April 1, 2011. ", "April Fools.]" ]

[ 0.025, 0.009174311926605505, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Manhattan Bridge Loop\n\nManhattan Bridge Loop is a 1928 painting by American artist Edward Hopper. ", "It is on display in the Addison Gallery of American Art of the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, which received the painting as a gift from art collector Stephen Carlton Clark in 1932. ", " \n\nWhen the Addison Gallery presented a special exhibition about the painting in 1939, Hopper provided a statement and drawings for the show. ", " Art historian Avis Berman has identified this painting as a significant example of how Hopper's paintings have affected the way people see New York City. ", " Critic Jackie Wullschlager has described it as a \"sombre masterpiece\", \"an industrial cityscape with a lone flâneur casting his long shadow on an empty sidewalk\".", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nManhattan Bridge Loop\nManhattan Bridge Loop in LIFE, April 17, 1950, p. 101.", "\n\nCategory:American paintings\nCategory:Modern paintings\nCategory:1928 paintings\nCategory:Paintings by Edward Hopper\nCategory:Phillips Academy" ]

[ 0.01020408163265306, 0.015384615384615385, 0.014084507042253521, 0.012903225806451613, 0.006134969325153374, 0, 0.014184397163120567 ]

[ "(-124)?", "\n-5/31\nWhat is 290/(-444) + (-5)/(-2) + 91 + (-8355)/90?", "\n1/74\nWhat is (16/(-5))/((-32)/22 + 46 + 29696/(-638))?", "\n8/5\nCalculate 129/4*(8/(-10) - 528/990).", "\n-43\n46640/3604 - ((-9)/(-51))/(-3)\n13\nWhat is the value of 15*(-12)/30 + -152 + 81?", "\n-77\nCalculate (-10514)/133 - 36/(-684).", "\n-79\nCalculate (-84)/36*-6 - (-57 + 1)/(-7) - 21.", "\n-15\nCalculate ((9 - -168)/59)/(6/(-98)).", "\n-49\nWhat is (-54 + 3)*((-305)/63 + 5) + 8?", "\n-2/21\nEvaluate 6 + (-50)/((-1350)/(-369)).", "\n-23/3\nCalculate (6/3)/((-413535)/6365 + 65).", "\n67\nWhat is (142/40 + (-3600)/(-1125))/(4 - 36/8)?", "\n-27/2\nWhat is (-3)/6*24*(-325)/(-100)?", "\n-39\n((-7425)/2025)/((-2)/60) - 32\n78\nWhat is (6111/504)/(85/(-680))?", "\n-97\nCalculate -46 - -90 - (-96)/(-2).", "\n-4\nEvaluate (0 - -12) + (-24 - (-11730)/975).", "\n2/65\nWhat is 3*((-73)/((-1387)/228) - 108/4)?", "\n-45\nWhat is the value of ((-50)/(-3) + 120/(-15))/((-392)/36 - -10)?", "\n-39/4\n69/(-6)*36/(-621)*((-32)/13 + 2)\n-4/13\nWhat is 31 + 6*(-560)/120?", "\n3\nWhat is -2*((-252)/(-672))/((-78)/40)?", "\n5/13\nCalculate 24/(-22)*(153 + (-273671)/1648).", "\n57/4\n-18*(-11)/(-22)*3/2*(-2740)/1233\n30\nCalculate (-1380)/54*(-11970)/(-2660).", "\n-115\nCalculate 16*(21/(-30))/(-7)*1760/(-64)*1.", "\n-44\n((-2215)/3544)/(380/(-96) + 4)\n-15\nWhat is the value of (-3 + 2/18)*1426/(-2852)?", "\n13/9\nEvaluate 3*2*22/(-5)*22670/6801.", "\n-88\nEvaluate 45627/37587 + 168/(-132).", "\n-1/17\nCalculate 6/(-93) + 23541/109740.", "\n3/20\n(-29)/(-29)*2/2 + (-1 - -22)\n22\nWhat is the value of ((-123)/(-6))/((-1069)/6414)?", "\n-123\nEvaluate (-22448)/671 - (-195)/429.", "\n-33\nEvaluate 36/(-21) - (10698/(-4872)*4 + 7).", "\n2/29\nCalculate 89901/2268 - 44 - (-2)/72.", "\n-13/3\nEvaluate (-264)/(-30)*28*(-140)/(-2156).", "\n16\nEvaluate (-370)/(-2) - (-1062884)/(-12962).", "\n103\nEvaluate ((-22995)/41391)/((-4)/54).", "\n15/2\nCalculate 1088/40 - (195/(-25) + 8).", "\n27\nEvaluate -10 - ((44/32 - 1) + 46852/(-2912)).", "\n40/7\nCalculate (9 + -23 + 10)/(4*7/(-280)).", "\n40\n216/(-180)*(143/39)/(-11)\n2/5\nCalculate 11 + -1 + 1 - (215 - -5)/(-22).", "\n21\nEvaluate ((-90)/(-150))/((-2276)/280 - -8).", "\n-14/3\nWhat is 29/(11687/(-93)) + ((-6966)/(-780))/27?", "\n1/10\nEvaluate ((-6)/(-112))/(410 - (-3650428)/(-8904)).", "\n9/4\nCalculate (-88 - -89)/(-2 + (1/(-15))/(5/(-147))).", "\n-25\nCalculate 3 - 6/(13*(-9)/351).", "\n21\nWhat is (24/(-20)*(-5700)/(-2052))/(-335)?", "\n2/201\nEvaluate ((-3633)/(-2595))/(4 - -1 - 1740/350).", "\n49\nEvaluate 4330/(-38) + 3/(-21) + 36/399.", "\n-114\nWhat is ((-65)/(-100))/((1819/204 + -9)*3)?", "\n-13/5\nCalculate (151 + 1)*(329/14)/47.", "\n76\nWhat is 1/((-6)/8) + 102879/73485?", "\n1/15\nWhat is the value of (157 - 154)*(-56)/(-24)?", "\n7\n-14 - 1 - ((-2842)/290 + -5)\n-1/5\nEvaluate (-88)/(-22) - (-14 + 41 + 7).", "\n-30\nWhat is (510/(-425))/(-52 + -1 - -6*14/(-21))?", "\n2/95\nEvaluate -9 - (-3 + 2) - 96/(10 + -2).", "\n-20\nCalculate (-3672)/(-765)*(42/(-4) + 16/32) + 10.", "\n-38\nEvaluate (-1948)/(-4884)*11 - 2/37 - 5.", "\n-2/3\nWhat is the value of ((7/(-8))/1)/(48153/(-68790))?", "\n5/4\nWhat is the value of (-9)/35*990/(-88) + -12 + 117/13?", "\n-3/28\n-46 + -6850*(-63)/3150\n91\nWhat is (-18)/108*9*((-562)/(-62) + -9)?", "\n-3/31\nEvaluate (-4 + 0/30)/(122/19 - 6).", "\n-19/2\nCalculate -9 + ((-5980)/273 + 26 - (-2)/(-4)*-10).", "\n2/21\nWhat is the value of (-3146)/(-858)*(-12)/14*-21?", "\n66\nWhat is ((-128)/160)/(-11 - 0 - 6566/(-600)) + -14?", "\n2/17\nCalculate 1 + 9/(-13) + -31 + -15 + 67 + -21.", "\n4/13\nWhat is (-221364)/2838*(5 - 4)?", "\n-78\n((-6)/16)/(6/(-20)) + -153 + (-621465)/(-3900)\n38/5\n1722/328*(-24)/(-42) + -18\n-15\nWhat is the value of ((-6)/((-1404)/(-2730)))/((-75)/18)?", "\n14/5\nWhat is the value of (125/45)/((-35)/(-11655)*37)?", "\n25\n(-252 + -174)*48/(-144)\n142\n(-19476)/(-37870) - (1/(-4) - -3*2/8)\n1/70\n(-29 + (-120)/(-3))/(10/(-90))\n-99\nWhat is 133/(-1482)*16/(-28) + 99382/1326?", "\n75\nCalculate ((-342)/(-9576))/((-8)/(-112)).", "\n1/2\nEvaluate 114/437*7682/(-3006).", "\n-2/3\n(-22)/3 + (50/(-45) - (-18094)/1494)\n11/3\nWhat is (48 + -31)/(31*(-33)/(-6138))?", "\n102\nCalculate 33*(11 + (-40)/4 + (-3 - -1)).", "\n-33\nWhat is (-33)/726*(-4 + 20/15)/2?", "\n2/33\nWhat is (2668/4485*13)/((-14)/(-105))?", "\n58\nEvaluate ((-144)/44)/((-1635)/2398).", "\n24/5\n((-63)/65 - -1)*5*(-318)/636\n-1/13\nWhat is the value of 7 - 21 - ((-5 - 10) + ((-12025)/(-37))/(-25))?", "\n14\nWhat is (-1506)/(-22) - (1664/(-3575) + 150/(-1875))?", "\n69\nWhat is the value of (1330/49 - (-149 + 169))/(1/(-14))?", "\n-100\n((-605)/(-30))/11 + 2996/(-168)\n-16\nWhat is the value of (-5023 + 5017)/(6/(-58))?", "\n58\nCalculate -7*((-5)/2030*-3653 - 9)*(-22)/(-11).", "\n1/29\nWhat is (-54)/21 + (-61644)/6538?", "\n-12\nWhat is ((-2)/(-12))/(140 + (-4250285)/30360)?", "\n44\nWhat is 305/((-106140)/34336) + (-1)/3?", "\n-99\nWhat is the value of ((35 - 11)/(-8))/((-6)/(-8))*2/164?", "\n-2/41\nEvaluate ((-81)/(-351))/((-462)/1573*-11) + 3106/28.", "\n111\n(((-190)/(-30) + -8)/((-10)/(-108)))/(-10)\n9/5\nWhat is the value of 2 + 24/(-11) + (-3 - -3) - 85914/(-2442)?", "\n35\nEvaluate 23/(-28) + ((-33)/(-132))/1.", "\n-4/7\n(70/(-680))/(-168 + 165 - 82/(-8) - 7)\n-7/17\nCalculate (82/(-3) + -6)/(-9 + (-232)/(-24)).", "\n-50\nWhat is 4 - (0 + 78/4)*(-184)/276?", "\n17\nWhat is ((-2010)/(-1474))/((54/99)/2)?", "\n5\n52290/(-62748)*414/5\n-69\nWhat is (35/21)/((-2600)/780)?", "\n-1/2\nCalculate (29/44 - 361/(-3971)) + (-158)/232.", "\n2/29\nWhat is the value of 16 + ((-240)/(-105560)*-29)/((-2)/(-486))?", "\n-2/91\nEvaluate 760/140*(11 - (23 + -5)).", "\n-38\nEvaluate (8142/59)/2070 - 101/(-60).", "\n7/4\nCalculate ((-2704)/(-273) + -10)/(2*2/(-21)).", "\n1/2\nWhat is the value of -110 - 80/95*-76?", "\n-46\nCalculate (8932/1044)/(19 - (-350)/(-21)).", "\n11/3\nWhat is (-40)/100*-5*(950/209)/(-10)?", "\n-10/11\nEvaluate ((-8)/3)/((-430)/(-129) - 3) + (0 - -24).", "\n16\nWhat is the value of ((-12)/33)/(120001/(-42581))?", "\n4/31\nWhat is the value of 3/105 - 68*1480/(-5600)?", "\n18\n(-203)/(-263088)*4392 - (-14)/(-4)\n-1/9\nWhat is the value of (5/((-27)/(4212/(-60))))/(5/1)?", "\n13/5\nWhat is the value of (10/(-8)*72/(-3540))/((-252)/336)?", "\n-2/59\nWhat is (36/2304)/(205/347680)?", "\n53/2\n43111/798 - (-146)/(-6132)\n54\nEvaluate (8684/(-462) - 26/429)*(245/14)/(-5).", "\n66\nWhat is 134806/48145*5/(-1771)?", "\n-2/253\nWhat is 1330/(-285)*561/119?", "\n-22\nCalculate 106 - ((-18)/(-3) + (-105)/((-2940)/224)).", "\n92\n63/(-2)*(19341 + -19339)\n-63\nWhat is -99 + 17043/(-5727) + 2/(-83)?", "\n-102\n(-10710)/41769*(-78)/28\n5/7\nEvaluate (14/112*48/4)/((-66)/(-1012)).", "\n23\nWhat is (11 - 10350/280) + (-14326)/(-551)?", "\n1/28\nEvaluate 2 + (-52)/14 - (81 - 19247/133).", "\n62\nWhat is the value of (9/21*504/1296)/(9/(-35478)*-9)?", "\n73\n((-2716)/(-175182))/(8/48)\n4/43\nWhat is 404/(-707)*(-231)/(-2)*(-9)/27?", "\n22\nWhat is (-484)/(-378) + (-3612)/(-24381)?", "\n10/7\nCalculate 2/27 + 65067/1863 - 23.", "\n12\nWhat is the value of (42 + 56*(-20)/320*(-20)/7)/2?", "\n26\n504/(-819) - 17812/(-47450)\n-6/25\nWhat is the value of ((-39)/(-187) - ((-1176)/132 + 9)) + 12726/(-17136)?", "\n-5/8\n78 + (-101908)/1314 + (-184)/7*(-6)/27\n44/7\nWhat is 101908/(-5986) - 12/(-492)?", "\n-17\nWhat is ((-4)/(-6) - 1)/((-144)/(-936)*(-78)/(-48))?", "\n-4/3\nWhat is the value of 10 - (4824/429 + 25/((-16575)/102))?", "\n-12/11\nCalculate (-28)/(-8) + -4 + 67/(12596/8930).", "\n47\nEvaluate 35496/(-403767) - (-2)/(-14).", "\n-3/13\nEvaluate ((-528382)/(-8520) - 62)*680.", "\n34/3\nEvaluate (0 - (-72)/192) + (-3 - 42*108/(-704)).", "\n42/11\n(21900/(-13140))/(5/51)\n-17\n((-37)/19 + 2 - 796103/19551)/(6/9)\n-61\nEvaluate (200/90)/((-161)/12) + (-656)/6888.", "\n-6/23\nWhat is the value of -6*(2608/(-522) - ((-675)/(-270) + (-30)/4))?", "\n-2/87\n(2 - 0 - 144/63) + (2253213/5432)/(-261)\n-15/8\nWhat is the value of (-3 + 5 - 66) + (431/1724 - 86/(-8))?", "\n-53\nCalculate (4/(-6))/((-1390)/(-110505)).", "\n-53\nCalculate (-8)/1060 + 2724325/(-1563500).", "\n-7/4\nWhat is the value of (1870/(-600))/((-8)/40) - 16?", "\n-5/12\nCalculate (-8000)/375 + 6110/286.", "\n1/33\n((-100)/8 - 1)*(-40 + (-11200)/(-315))\n60\nEvaluate ((-9471)/820)/(-77)*(-60)/(-198).", "\n1/22\nWhat is 7/(490/10) - 4640/(-203)?", "\n23\nCalculate ((-5600)/(-8400))/((-2 + (14 - -2))/15).", "\n5/7\nEvaluate (92/(-7))/(88/(-77) - 468/84 - -7).", "\n-46\nWhat is the value of 26761/595 + 978/41565?", "\n45\nCalculate 44/(-1) + (-167400)/(-3825).", "\n-4/17\nEvaluate ((-74)/111)/((39537/567)/23 + 3/(-1)).", "\n-21\nWhat is the value of (-702)/(-104) - 110/(-88)?", "\n8\nEvaluate (-9975)/513*15/(-70) + (-4)/6.", "\n7/2\nWhat is (6/(-10))/(-1 - 7/(-10))*45/1?", "\n90\nWhat is (-6)/2 - ((-2052)/7182 - 451/161)?", "\n2/23\nEvaluate ((-16)/((-4032)/3514) + (-6)/(-108))*(-14)/20.", "\n-49/5\nWhat is (17/((-544)/(-688)) + -22)/(0 + 1)?", "\n-1/2\nEvaluate 0 - (10/21*(-2484)/36 + 24/28).", "\n32\nCalculate (-4)/10*((-4875)/(-52))/(-125).", "\n3/10\nCalculate 1 - (-6)/(-4) - 62752/(-3052" ]

[ 0.14285714285714285, 0.017857142857142856, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0, 0, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0, 0, 0.014492753623188406, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011363636363636364, 0.024390243902439025, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0.02127659574468085, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.018518518518518517, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0.022222222222222223, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0, 0.021739130434782608, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nPython, list condition in range\n\nI need help to search a value in a range inside a list\nlist.append((5,range(10,15)))\nif (5,12) in list :\n Print(\"yes\")\n\nA:\n\nUse all\nEx:\nl = (5,range(10,15))\ncheck = (5,12)\nif all([check[0] == l[0] and check[1] in l[1]]):\n print(\"Ok\")\n\nOutput:\nOk\n\n" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Overexpression of dnaK/dnaJ and groEL confers freeze tolerance to Escherichia coli.", "\nHeat shock proteins not only can protect host cells against heat stress, they can also enable freeze tolerance as well. ", "With respect to this unexpected feature, we are able to show that, at least in Escherichia coli, the heat shock proteins DnaK/DnaJ and GroEL play a very significant role. ", "We found that the recovery rate of E. coli cultures that had been stored at -80 degreesC in the absence of any cryoprotectant was related to the abundance of these heat shock proteins accumulated before the freeze treatment. ", "Before freezing, the DnaK in the bacterial cells was induced to accumulate to a level comparable to that produced in response to heat shock. ", "After the freezing treatment, the recovery rate of the induced culture was very similar to that of the heat-shocked culture. ", "Over production of GroEL was also protective but less effective. ", "While freezing inevitably leads to protein denaturation, we propose that advance synthesis of DnaK/DnaJ and GroEL can accordingly prevent irreversible denaturation by chaperoning the unfolded polypeptides during freezing." ]

[ 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.005847953216374269, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004524886877828055 ]

[ "Early ambulation and prevention of post-operative thrombo-embolic risk.", "\nThe prevention of post-operative risk of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) is of fundamental importance, but preventive methods have progressed with the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), the development of ambulatory surgery and enhanced recovery programs (ERP) after surgery. ", "Surgery is, inherently a trigger for venous thrombo-embolic disease, as is prolonged immobilization. ", "However, the risk of VTE is very low following ambulatory surgery, especially in this selected population. ", "ERP, consists of a set of measures to optimize the patient's peri-operative management while reducing length of stay, costs and morbidity and mortality; one measure is the encouragement of early ambulation. ", "This will undoubtedly have an impact on the incidence of VTE and lessen the need for prolonged thrombo-prophylaxis." ]

[ 0, 0.003436426116838488, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.004830917874396135, 0.008695652173913044 ]

[ "---\nauthor:\n- 'J.W. den Hartogh'\n- 'P. Eggenberger'\n- 'R. Hirschi'\nbibliography:\n- '/Users/jdh/Desktop/PhD/Progression\\_report/references.bib'\ndate: 'Received September 27, 2018; accepted January 7, 2019'\nsubtitle: Combining asteroseismic observations of core helium burning stars and white dwarfs\ntitle: Constraining transport of angular momentum in stars\n---\n\n[Transport of angular momentum has been a challenging topic within the stellar evolution community, even more since the recent asteroseismic surveys. ", "All published studies on rotation using asteroseismic observations show a discrepancy between the observed and calculated rotation rates, indicating there is an undetermined process of angular momentum transport active in these stars.]{} [", "We aim to constrain the efficiency of this process by investigating rotation rates of 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ stars.]{} [", "First, we investigated whether the Tayler-Spruit dynamo could be responsible for the extra transport of angular momentum for stars with an initial mass of 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$. Then, by computing rotating models including a constant additional artificial viscosity, we determined the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum transport by comparing the models to the asteroseismic observations of core helium burning stars. ", "Parameter studies were performed to investigate the effect of the stellar evolution code used, initial mass, and evolutionary stage. ", "We evolved our models into the white dwarf phase, and provide a comparison to white dwarf rotation rates.]{} [", "The Tayler-Spruit dynamo is unable to provide enough transport of angular momentum to reach the observed values of the core helium burning stars investigated in this paper. ", "We find that a value for the additional artificial viscosity $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ around 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ provides enough transport of angular momentum. ", "However, the rotational period of these models is too high in the white dwarf phase to match the white dwarf observations. ", "From this comparison we infer that the efficiency of the missing process must decrease during the core helium burning phase. ", "When excluding the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ during core helium burning phase, we can match the rotational periods of both the core helium burning stars and white dwarfs. ]{}", "\n\nIntroduction {#sec:introduction}\n============\n\nThe inclusion of rotation in stellar evolution codes is complicated, due to the limited understanding of how it affects the stellar structure [@2009_book_Maeder]. ", "Some observational constraints are available from studying surface abundances and surface rotation values. ", "These help with the calibration of the implementation of rotation in stellar evolution codes affecting both the mixing of chemical elements and the transport of angular momentum [@2000ApJHeger; @2013meynet]. ", "In this paper, we use a set of core and envelope rotation rates from core helium burning stars as an extra set of observational constraints to study the transport of angular momentum.\\\nA big step forward in the determination of internal rotation rates has been provided by the Kepler spacecraft [see @Borucki2010], as mixed modes were found in the spectra. ", "Mixed modes are able to propagate through both convective and radiative zones, and hold information about both. ", "The rotational frequency splittings of mixed models were first measured by [@2012beck] for the red giant KIC 8366239. ", "They were then able to rule out solid-body rotation for this star. ", "Another conclusion of this paper was that the core rotates about ten times faster than the envelope. ", "More papers on internal rotation rates followed, also mainly focussing on observations of low-mass, evolved stars, and supported these conclusions: @Deheuvels2012 [@Deheuvels2014; @Deheuvels2015; @Deheuvels2017] analyse in great detail small data sets to obtain both core and surface rotation rates, while @2012Mosser [@Gehan2018] analyse the core rotation rates of a data set of several hundred giants (and core helium burning) stars.\\\nStellar evolution codes have been unable to match the observed ratio of core and envelope rotation rates. ", "Predicted core rotation rates are about two orders of magnitude higher than observed rates [see @2012eggenberger; @Marques2012]. ", "This is a major issue within the stellar evolution community as it shows that a process for transport of angular momentum is missing from the current implementation of rotation.\\\nBroadly speaking, there are three types of processes which could improve the transport of angular momentum in stars: hydrodynamical, wave-driven, and magnetic. ", "There is no consensus on which process dominates. ", "@Eggenberger2005 [@2008Suijs; @2014cantiello] show that magnetic fields, and the Tayler-Spruit (TS) dynamo in particular [@Spruit1999; @Spruit2002] are effective in coupling the core and envelope to increase the transport of angular momentum. ", "While the TS dynamo is able to reproduce the solar rotation profile, it cannot provide the coupling needed to match the asteroseismic observations of red giants. ", "Also, the inclusion of the TS dynamo has not been tested for the full mass range for which we have observational constraints on the internal stellar rotation rates.\\\nThe transport of angular momentum by low-frequency internal gravity waves has been studied with multi-D simulations [@2014fuller; @Rogers2015; @Rogers2017]. ", "They conclude that internal gravity waves are a promising method for transporting angular momentum. ", "However its behaviour is complex and difficult to translate to a 1D parametrisation that can be included in 1D stellar evolution codes. ", "@Pincon2017 showed that, for red giants, the gravity waves alone do not transport enough angular momentum to match observations. ", "However, they could provide the needed transport during the subgiant phase. ", "@2015belkacem show that the transport by mixed models could play a role for evolved red giants.\\\nFor the magnetic fields and for the wave-driven option, there is still work to be done on the physical process itself. ", "Therefore, it is important to derive the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum so that its physical character can be revealed. ", "To this end, [@2012eggenberger] and @Eggenberger_2017 have performed stellar evolution calculations including both hydrodynamical processes like shear and meridional circulation, and a constant additional artificial viscosity ($\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$), that only influences the angular momentum transport and not the chemical composition mixing. ", "This constant has no physical meaning; it is added to investigate the level of efficiency the missing process of angular momentum transport should have, and is used to investigate whether we can determine the evolution of the missing process. ", "@2012eggenberger focus on the 1.5 M$_{\\odot}$ red giant KIC8366239 observed by @2012beck and the efficiency of the missing process needed to match those observations. ", "The authors found a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 3$\\times$10$^4$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ as a mean value for the efficiency of the transport process, constrained strongly by the asteroseismic observations. ", "@2016spada followed a similar approach to constrain the missing process by including a diffusive process to the transport of angular momentum that varies with the ratio of core to envelope rotation rate, inspired by the azimuthal magneto-rotational instability [AMRI, see @2007rudiger]. ", "They compare their stellar evolution models to observations of core rotation rate from @Deheuvels2014 and @2012Mosser and conclude that the missing process of angular momentum transport has to change throughout the evolution of a star to be able to match the post-main sequence rotational evolution of low-mass stars. [", "@Eggenberger_2017], following the same strategy as [@2012eggenberger], focussed on KIC7341231, a 0.84 M$_{\\odot}$ red giant, for which @Deheuvels2012 deduced a core rotation rate and an upper limit for the surface rotation rate. ", "For this red giant an additional transport process was again needed, and the authors determined the efficiency to be 1$\\times$10$^3$ &lt; $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ cm$^2$s$^{-1}$ &lt; 1.4$\\times$10$^4$. This value is lower than that found for the efficiency of the missing transport process for the more massive KIC8366239, so @Eggenberger_2017 concluded that the missing process of angular momentum transport is sensitive to both evolutionary phase and the initial mass.\\\nThis paper focusses on further constraining the missing process of angular momentum transport by adding a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ to stellar evolution calculations. ", "The asteroseismic observations used are the seven core helium burning stars from @Deheuvels2015. ", "These stars have a mass around 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$, which means they have not experienced helium flashes during their evolution, and therefore the evolution of their rotational properties post-main sequence are different from KIC7341231 and KIC8366239. ", "For each of the seven stars, the surface and core rotation rates are both published. ", "This allows us to put strong constraints on the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum transport. ", "The structure of the paper is as follows. ", "In Sect. ", "2 we introduce our methodology, and in Sect. ", "3 we describe the evolution of our 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ models up to the core helium burning phase. ", "In Sect. ", "\\[sec:ts-dynamo\\] we investigate whether the TS dynamo is also unable in this case to provide the coupling needed to match observations. ", "In Sect. ", "\\[sec:artvisc\\] we determine the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum transport needed to match the rotation rates obtained by @Deheuvels2015. ", "Section \\[sec:WDs\\] follows with the comparison of our models to the observed white dwarf rotation rates. ", "We end the paper with our conclusions in Sect. ", "6.", "\n\nPhysics of the models\n=====================\n\nThe stellar evolution calculations presented in this paper were performed with the Module for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). ", "The MESA code is described in the code papers [see @2011_MESA_1; @2013_MESA_2] and will not be repeated here. ", "Most initial parameters match the papers of the Nugrid collaboration [@2016Pignatari; @Battino_2016]. ", "In summary, the Schwarzschild criterion is used for the convective boundary placement, while exponentially decaying convective boundary mixing as introduced by @1997herwig_overs is used for the boundaries. ", "Mass loss on the red-giant branch (RGB) is set according to @1975reimers, on the AGB by [@1995blocker]. ", "OPAL Type 2 opacities are used [@1996rogers], and for the lower temperatures @Ferguson2005.", "\n\nRotation\n--------\n\nThe implementation of rotation in MESA follows [@2000ApJHeger] and we use the default settings as defined in that paper. ", "The transport processes included in calculations in this paper are the Eddington-Sweet circulation, dynamical and secular shear instabilities, the Solberg-H[ø]{}iland criterion and the TS dynamo. ", "We excluded the Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke instability because both [@2010Hirschi] and [@2016caleo] show that the GSF instability is not likely to contribute to the transport of angular momentum and might not be present at all in stars. ", "Rotation is included at the zero age main sequence (ZAMS) as rigid body rotation. ", "Although the implementation of rotation in MESA is different from that in GENEC, the code used by Eggenberger et al. (", "2012,2017), we confirm that we find similar $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ to explain the observations as in those papers (see Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\] for a comparison between models of the two codes).\\\nSeveral techniques exist in MESA to smooth the diffusion profiles of the instabilities, individually or their sum. ", "We did not use any of these techniques, apart from a technique that smoothes the diffusion profile of the TS dynamo over time, exactly as was included by [@2014cantiello]. ", "Without this smoothing technique, the stellar evolution calculation with and without the TS dynamo show rotation rates in the same order of magnitude.\\\nIn MESA, to calculate the transport of angular momentum, we use $$\\left( \\frac{\\partial \\Omega}{\\partial t}\\right)_m=\\frac{1}{j}\\left( \\frac{\\partial}{\\partial m}\\right)_t \\left[ (4\\pi r^2 \\rho)^2jD_{\\rm{am}} \\left( \\frac{\\partial \\Omega}{\\partial m}\\right) \\right]-\\frac{2\\Omega}{r}\\left(\\frac{\\partial r}{\\partial t}\\right)_m\\left( \\frac{1}{2}\\frac{d\\rm{ln}j}{d\\rm{ln}r}\\right) \n\\label{eq:AMtranport}\n,$$ where $\\Omega$ is the angular velocity, $j$ the specific angular momentum, and total diffusion coefficient $D_{\\rm{am}}$ takes into account all processes that transport angular momentum, including the hydrodynamical ones listed previously. ", "The $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is also added to this variable D$_{\\rm{am}}$. This implementation is identical to the implementation of the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ by Eggenberger et al. (", "2012, 2017). ", "At the inner and outer boundary $\\partial \\Omega/\\partial t$ is set to 0, following @2000ApJHeger.\\\nThe general evolution of the structure and angular momentum profiles of the models are presented in Appendix \\[sec:evo\\_rot\\] Uncertainties on the models are discussed in Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\].", "\n\nThe seven KIC stars {#sec:7KIC}\n-------------------\n\nIn Table \\[tab:deheuvels\\] we summarise the important parameters of the seven KIC stars used as comparison sample, which are taken from @Deheuvels2015. ", "We include the core and surface rotation rates, the ratio between them, and the surface gravity (log g), all with their error margins. ", "The metallicities of the seven stars are around solar, according to the APOGEE Data Release 14 [@Abolfathi2018], which includes all seven stars. ", "We used a metallicity of Z = 0.014 and the metal abundance mixture of [@1993grevesse], and therefore focus on matching the global trends of the seven stars as a group instead of trying to find best-fit models for each star individually. ", "This allows us to constrain the missing process of angular momentum for core helium burning stars.\\\nThe initial mass of our models is chosen to be 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ because this is very close to the mean observed mass of the seven KICs. ", "In Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\] we will see that the influence of the stellar evolution code used on the rotational properties is negligible.\\\nOther observations of rotation rates in evolved stars in the same mass range have been published in @Massarotti2007, @2012Mosser, @Tayar2015, and @Ceillier2017 and analysed in @Tayar2018. ", "These data sets, however, only include either the surface or the core rotation rates. ", "To date, the data set of @Deheuvels2015 is the only data set in the 2 to 3 M$_{\\odot}$ mass range that provides both rotation rates. ", "This allows us to constrain our models better than when we only have one of the rates, so we only use the data set of @Deheuvels2015 in this study.\\\nIt is important to note that the rotation rates labelled as ‘core’ rotation rates are actually ‘near core’ values, as shown in Fig. ", "5 of @Deheuvels2015. ", "The comparison of the calculations to the region where the observations of the core rotation originate from is explained in Appendix C.\n\n KIC-id M/M$_{\\odot}$ log$_{10}$($g$/cm s$^{-2}$) $\\Omega_{\\rm{c}}$/(2$\\pi$ nHz) $\\Omega_{\\rm{s}}$/(2$\\pi$ nHz) $\\Omega_{c}$/$\\Omega_{s}$ \n ------------ ----------------- ----------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------------- --\n KIC5184199 2.18 $\\pm$ 0.23 2.907 $\\pm$ 0.012 200 $\\pm$ 13 63 $\\pm$ 20 3.2 $\\pm$ 1.0 \n KIC4659821 2.21 $\\pm$ 0.18 2.935 $\\pm$ 0.013 165 $\\pm$ 14 79 $\\pm$ 15 2.1 $\\pm$ 0.4 \n KIC8962923 2.23 $\\pm$ 0.26 2.832 $\\pm$ 0.013 138 $\\pm$ 8 79 $\\pm$ 10 1.8 $\\pm$ 0.3 \n KIC3744681 2.45 $\\pm$ 0.35 2.712 $\\pm$ 0.015 194 $\\pm$ 20 63 $\\pm$ 36 3.1 $\\pm$ 1.8 \n KIC9346602 2.51 $\\pm$ 0.36 2.675 $\\pm$ 0.013 164 $\\pm$ 6 53 $\\pm$ 15 3.1 $\\pm$ 0.9 \n KIC7467630 2.57 $\\pm$ 0.27 2.776 $\\pm$ 0.015 121 $\\pm$ 18 96 $\\pm$ 28 1.3 $\\pm$ 0.4 \n KIC7581399 2.90 $\\pm$ 0.34 2.843 $\\pm$ 0.013 164 $\\pm$ 12 87 $\\pm$ 14 1.9 $\\pm$ 0.3 \n\n\\[tab:deheuvels\\]\n\nCan the TS dynamo provide enough coupling to explain asteroseismic derived rotation properties of core helium burning stars? {#", "sec:ts-dynamo}\n============================================================================================================================\n\nThe first goal of this paper is to investigate whether the TS dynamo provides enough coupling between core and envelope to match the observations of the core helium burning stars analysed by [@Deheuvels2015]. [", "@2014cantiello] show, for stars with an initial mass of 1.5 M$_{\\odot}$, that during the early RGB inclusion of the TS dynamo provides more coupling between core and envelope but not enough to match the RGB rotation rates provided by [@2012Mosser]. ", "Thus, they concluded that the RGB phase is the evolutionary phase where more coupling is needed. ", "However, the evolution of 1.5 M$_{\\odot}$ and 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ are very different, in particular during the RGB phase. ", "Stars with an initial mass below about 2 M$_{\\odot}$ undergo helium flashes in the core after it has become degenerate, and cores of stars with a higher initial mass ignite core helium burning before becoming degenerate. ", "As a consequence, the times between the end of core hydrogen and the start of core helium burning are different; our calculations show a difference of one order of magnitude. ", "For this reason, testing the conclusions of [@2014cantiello] for 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ stars is a valuable task, especially when comparing them with observations of stars that are already past the RGB phase.\\\nFigure \\[fig:omegaR-BR+B\\] shows the core (solid line) and envelope (dashed line) rotation rates of our 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ models as a function of the surface gravity with different initial rotational velocities: 25, 50, and 150 km/s. The start of the main sequence (MS) is where the core and envelope rotation rates are equal (top left) and the end of the core helium burning phase is where core and surface rotation rates are the furthest apart (middle and bottom right). ", "The core H and core He burning phases are both shown in thick line widths, while the RGB phase is shown in thinner line width. ", "Starting with the comparison of the surface rotation rates (dashed lines), we see that the 50 km/s models, with the TS dynamo (wTS) and without (nTS), reach five of the seven data points, while the 25 km/s model reaches one of the seven and the 150 km/s model reaches none. ", "We therefore set the initial rotation rate of all the models to 50 km s$^{-1}$. The two other data points can be reached by reducing the initial mass of the models, see Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\].\\\nWhen focussing on core rotation rates during the core helium burning phase, we see that all models including the TS dynamo ($\\Omega_{c}\\simeq$10$^{4}$ nHz) are two orders of magnitude away from the data points. ", "Including the TS dynamo improves the match to the observations as the difference between observations and the model without the TS dynamo ($\\Omega_{c}\\simeq$10$^{6-7}$ nHz) is more than 3 orders of magnitude worse. ", "We thus conclude that also for the 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ stars, the TS dynamo does not provide enough coupling between core and envelope to reduce the core rotation rates enough to match asteroseismic observations of the core helium burning stars.\\\n\n![", "Effect of inclusion TS dynamo. ", "Rotation rates of the core (solid line) and envelope (dashed line) of the models with the TS dynamo (wTS) and without (nTS). ", "The initial rotation rates of the models are included in the legend. ", "Data points are from [@Deheuvels2015]. []{", "data-label=\"fig:omegaR-BR+B\"}](Omega_plot_Deh_R-B_R+B_logy_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nAdditional viscosity needed to reproduce observations of helium burning stars {#sec:artvisc}\n=============================================================================\n\nNow that we have shown that the models with and without the TS dynamo cannot reproduce the asteroseismic observations of the seven secondary clump stars from [@Deheuvels2015], we continue by determining the strength of the missing process of angular momentum transport as a first step to revealing its physical nature. ", "To do so, a constant $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is added to the transport of angular momentum. ", "We stress, however, that we do not believe the missing process of angular momentum transport is constant.", "\n\nDetermination of the additional viscosity needed to reproduce the [@Deheuvels2015] data {#sec:determine}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFrom [@Eggenberger_2017] we know that the efficiency of the unknown transport process for angular momentum increases with stellar mass. ", "Therefore, in this study a stronger process is expected than employed by [@2012eggenberger], studying a 1.5 M$_{\\odot}$ star, and [@Eggenberger_2017], studying a 0.84 M$_{\\odot}$ star.\\\nAs mentioned before, we did not attempt to fit all stars separately, but we look for global trends instead. ", "Using Fig. ", "\\[fig:ratio\\_artvisc\\], we determined the global efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum in the seven KIC stars. ", "Figure \\[fig:ratio\\_artvisc\\] shows the ratio of core to envelope rotation rate, which, as mentioned by [@Eggenberger_2017], allows us to determine $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ independently of the initial rotation rate. ", "The best match in Fig. ", "\\[fig:ratio\\_artvisc\\] is $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$=10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$, which matches five of the seven data points. ", "The other two models included reach none ($\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$=10$^6$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$) or two ($\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$=10$^8$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$) of the data points. ", "More importantly, the general trend shown by the data points is best matched by the model that includes a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$. Again, the two data points with the highest surface gravities cannot be reached (see Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\] for how to reach these points).\\\nWhen comparing the lines in Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\] to the lines in Figs. ", "\\[fig:log\\_g\\_15\\_101\\] and \\[fig:log\\_omega\\_15\\_101\\], we can determine the start of the core He burning phase in Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\]. ", "This is at the lowest surface gravity, in the bottom right corner of the figure. ", "Then, both surface gravity $g$ and the core rotation rate $\\Omega_{\\rm{c}}$ increase in a short amount of time until steady core He burning sets in and a slow decrease in both surface gravity and the core rotation rate characterises the rest of this phase. ", "All data points are positioned around the turning point of the trend in surface gravity. ", "From Fig. ", "\\[fig:log\\_omega\\_15\\_101\\] it follows that these seven stars are thus in the early phases of core He burning.\\\nIn Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\] the core and surface rotation rates are shown for the same three models as in Fig. ", "\\[fig:ratio\\_artvisc\\]. ", "This figure confirms the choice for the initial rotation rate because the data points for surface rotation are matched. ", "Also in this comparison, the general trend shown by the data points is best matched by the model with a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$.\n\n![", "Determining the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$. The ratio of core to surface rotation rate as a function of surface gravity for three models calculated with an initial rotational velocity of 50 km s$^{-1}$, while the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is varied. ", "The data points are from @Deheuvels2015. []{", "data-label=\"fig:ratio_artvisc\"}](Ratio_omega_plot_Deh_artvisc_run12_15_13_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\n![", "Determining the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$. Core and surface (solid and dashed line, respectively) rotation rates as a function of surface gravity for three models in Fig. ", "\\[fig:ratio\\_artvisc\\]. ", "The data points are from @Deheuvels2015.[]{data-label=\"fig:omega_artvisc\"}](Omega_plot_Deh_artvisc_run12_15_13_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nTime dependence of the additional viscosity\n-------------------------------------------\n\nIn Sect. ", "\\[sec:determine\\] we showed that the mean efficiency of the missing transport mechanism in the seven stars of @Deheuvels2015 is around 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ when adding the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ at the start of the main sequence. ", "In this section we investigate whether this is dependent on the evolutionary phase during which $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is added to the calculation. ", "By doing this we are able to determine whether there is a phase in which the transport of angular momentum dominates the rest of the evolution. ", "In this section we focus on the evolution up to the core helium burning phase and in Sect. ", "\\[sec:wd\\_evo\\] we focus on the later phases to investigate the influence of the inclusion of $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ on the final white dwarf spin.\\\nWe calculated models that include the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ only from the end of the main sequence and from the start of the core helium burning phase. ", "For the first, we find that adding the same $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is sufficient to reach the data points, see Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\_3moments\\], and that this model is comparable to the model in which we included $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ from the start of the main sequence. ", "Therefore, we conclude that the main sequence is not a dominant phase for angular momentum transport in our models and we have no arguments to exclude $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ during the main sequence either.\\\nThe inclusion of $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ only at the start of the core helium burning phase changes the evolution of the rotation rates, see again Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\_3moments\\]. ", "Without the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ earlier in the calculation, the core rotation rate is higher at the start of the core helium burning phase in this model than in the models that do include $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ earlier in the evolution. ", "This is why the line of this model starts at a different point (top-left corner) in the figure. ", "However, this difference has disappeared around log$_{10}$($g/$cm s$^{-2}$)$\\simeq$ 2.8. ", "The location of the curve in this model is dependent on $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$, shown by the model labelled ‘2.5 10$^6$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$’, this number being the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ added at the start of the core helium burning phase. ", "Thus, when we add the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ at the start of the core helium burning phase, we are still able to reach all data points. ", "However, we then have to use a value in the range of 2.5 10$^6$ &lt; $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ &lt; 10$^7$ . ", "While the data cannot rule out the models that include $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ at the start of the core helium burning phase, the data does favour earlier inclusion of $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ because no data points are found with an angular velocity of the core above 200 nHz.\\\nWhen we suppress the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ from the start of the core helium burning phase onwards, we are unable to reach any data points. ", "The reason for this is that the molecular weight gradient is too strong and without any $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ there is no transport of angular moment over this gradient. ", "Therefore, we conclude that the crucial phase for the transport of angular momentum is the start of the core helium burning phase.\\\n\n![", "Dependence on inclusion time. ", "The models presented here have been calculated with the best fit parameters (50 km s$^{-1}$, 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$), apart from the model labelled ‘2.5\\*10$^6$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$’, while varying the moment of including the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$. The labels reflect the phase when the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is included. ", "For the 2.5 10$^6$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ model, the moment of inclusion is at the start of the core helium burning phase.[]{data-label=\"fig:omega_artvisc_3moments\"}](Omega_plot_Deh_artvisc_run15_61_62_65_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nWhite dwarf rotation rates {#sec:WDs}\n==========================\n\nAfter the core helium burning phase, we continued the models until they reached the white dwarf phase. ", "In between these two phases, the stars pass through the asymptotic giant branch phase (AGB). ", "During this phase, the energy production comes from the hydrogen and helium burning shell, located between the core and envelope. ", "The helium shell becomes unstable, resulting in thermal pulses (TP-AGB phase). ", "Around 25 to 30 thermal pulses take place in this phase in our models, and between each TP a third dredge-up (TDU) can occur. ", "During the TP-AGB phase mass loss is enhanced, leading to removal of the envelope. ", "Via the planetary nebulae phase, the star moves to the white dwarf track.", "\n\nCalculation of the AGB phase\n----------------------------\n\nWe calculated the full AGB phase as we would have done when studying the s-process nucleosynthesis [see @2016Pignatari; @Battino_2016 for details]. ", "For instance, for the mass-loss treatment during the AGB phase we used @1995blocker with an efficiency of 0.01 at the start of the AGB phase, 0.04 from when the envelope is carbon rich, and to 0.5 when the convergence issues appear (see below). ", "We also used calibrated parameters for convective boundary mixing specifically for the AGB phase.\\\nThis is an improvement compared to the works of @2008Suijs [no AGB specific mass loss, manually stopped models somewhere in AGB phase], @2013tayar [no details given apart from initial mass and rotational velocity], and @2014cantiello [unphysical large mass loss efficiencies in the AGB phase which shorten this phase]. ", "By calculating the whole AGB phase, we can investigate the effects of the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ on the thermal pulse cycle by investigating both the transport of angular momentum and the s-process nucleosynthesis, and compare them to the standards models without $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$. Details will be presented in a forthcoming paper. ", "We report that the models with $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ included during the TP-AGB phase are able to transport angular momentum during the TDUs. ", "This is due to the TDU reducing the molecular weight gradient and therefore the (local) barrier that has to be overcome to transport angular momentum.\\\nIt is common for convergence issues to arise during the final TPs in calculations like these and we report that these issues also occur in all models presented in this paper. ", "There are two options for how to proceed, the first being the continuation of the AGB phase with a higher mass loss rate and the second the ejection of the whole remaining envelope [see @Wood1986; @Herwig1999; @Sweigart1999; @Lau2012]. ", "We proceed with the models by increasing the mass loss parameter from 0.04 to 0.5, which allows for a smooth continuation of the models into the white dwarf phase.", "\n\nFinal spins of best fit models {#sec:wd_evo}\n------------------------------\n\nIn this section we show the comparison between the calculated rates and the observed white dwarf rotation rates by @Hermes2017 and the compilation by @2015kawaler. ", "Most pulsating white dwarfs (WDs) in these two papers are DAVs, variable WDs with spectral type DA having only hydrogen absorption lines in their spectra. ", "These pulsating WDs can be found in a specific temperature regime where their surface hydrogen has to become partially ionised. ", "This regime for about 0.6 M$_{\\odot}$ white dwarfs is between 12 600 and 10 600 K, and we show the rotational periods of our models when passing through that same temperature regime in Fig. ", "\\[fig:WDspins\\]. ", "The observational points from other pulsating white dwarfs are depicted as black crosses, while the DAVs are shown as black diamonds. ", "The number of observed white dwarf periods is still low [36, we removed EPIC 201730811 because it is in a post-common envelope close binary according to @Hermes2015], no statistical comparison is provided. ", "White dwarf spins are also available for magnetic white dwarfs [see @2015kawaler for a summary]. ", "All of our models are non-magnetic, with only one exception, so we do not include these data points in our comparison.\\\nAll coloured symbols in Fig. ", "\\[fig:WDspins\\] are WDs from our models. ", "The two blue symbols correspond to the models introduced in Sect. ", "\\[sec:ts-dynamo\\], where we tested the impact of the TS dynamo. ", "These models are the only ones without $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ in Fig. ", "\\[fig:WDspins\\]. ", "As already shown by @2008Suijs and [@2014cantiello], the model without the TS dynamo (nTS, dark blue circle) is orders of magnitude lower than the observed white dwarf periods. ", "The model that does include the TS dynamo (wTS, light blue hexagon) reaches the lower limit of observed white dwarf periods, but as we saw before this model does not reach the observed periods of core He burning stars.\\\nAll models that include $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ in Fig. ", "\\[fig:WDspins\\], have a spin period that is larger than all observed white dwarf rotation rates. ", "There are three models with $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^6$, 10$^7$, and 10$^8$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ included during the whole calculation (three triangles), and one model where we excluded the $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ from the end of the core He burning phase (square). ", "All these models are introduced in Sect. ", "\\[sec:determine\\], except for the last one. ", "From the previous section, we know that only the models labelled ‘10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$’ and ‘end core He b’ match the core He burning observations. ", "However, they all transport too much angular momentum in the later phases of the evolution to match the white dwarf observations. ", "Even the model that does not include $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ after the core He burning phase is finished does not reach the observed white dwarfs periods. ", "Therefore, the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum is negligible after the end of the core He burning phase according to our models, and the efficiency of the missing process also has to change during the core helium burning phase itself.\\\nTo investigate this last conclusion in more detail, we calculated models where we include $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ at the ZAMS and exclude it at different moments during the core helium burning phase. ", "The whole core helium burning phase lasts for 183 Myr in these models and $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ has been excluded from times that correspond to 1/4, 2/4, and 3/4 of that time span. ", "After excluding $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ we continue the calculation into the white dwarf phase. ", "These three new models have also been included in Fig. ", "\\[fig:WDspins\\]. ", "Again the rotational period within the DAV temperature range is used[^1]. ", "All three models are located within the range of observed white dwarf periods, and all three therefore match both the core helium burning and white dwarf observed rotation rates.", "\n\n{width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nIn this paper, we investigated the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum by calculating 1D stellar evolution models with an initial mass of 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$. As observational tests, we used the observed core and surface rotation rates of core helium burning stars as published by @Deheuvels2015 and white dwarf rotational periods published by @2015kawaler and @Hermes2017. ", "The main conclusions of this paper are the following:\n\n- As for the 1.5 M$_{\\odot}$ of [@2014cantiello], the 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ models including the TS dynamo do not provide enough coupling between core and envelope to match asteroseismic observations of core rotation rates.", "\n\n- We have added a constant additional viscosity to our model as a first step towards revealing the physical nature of the missing process of angular momentum transport.", "\n\n- We are able to match the core rotation rates published by @Deheuvels2015 by adding $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ = 10$^7$ cm$^2$s$^{-1}$ and using an initial rotational velocity of 50 km s$^{-1}$. This order of magnitude for $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ is independent of stellar evolution code, and initial mass (see Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\]).", "\n\n- The trends identified by @Eggenberger_2017 concerning the increase in $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ with both initial mass and evolutionary phase are confirmed here. ", "See Table \\[tab:summary\\] for an overview of all published studies on $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$. The strong increase in $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ from the two lower mass studies to this 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ study suggests that when increasing the initial mass of the star, the change from radiative to convective core has less effect on the efficiency of the missing process of angular momentum than the absence of helium flashes in the more massive stars.", "\n\n- We show that the dynamical instabilities (DSI and SH) are not attributed to the transport of angular momentum from ZAMS to the end of core helium burning in our models (see Appendix \\[sec:model\\_unc\\]).", "\n\n- We show that the extra transport of angular momentum that fits the observations of the core helium burning phase leads to rotation periods in the WD phase that are too high. ", "Our results show that the efficiency of the missing process needs to change during the core helium burning phase, and must be strongly decreased before the end of the core helium burning phase.", "\n\n- When excluding $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ at 1/4, 2/4, or 3/4 of the whole duration of the core helium burning phase, our models match the observed rotation rates of both the set of core helium burning stars and the set of white dwarfs.", "\n\n- This implies that transport processes for which the efficiency only depends on the amount of differential rotation (such as the diffusive mixing introduced in @2016spada, based on the AMRI by @2007rudiger) are incompatible with the result that the missing process has to be strongly decreased by the end of the core helium burning phase, unless an inhibiting effect is included to facilitate the decrease. ", "A consequence of this work is that we have all initial parameters for the follow-up study, which will focus on the s-process production in rotating AGB stars. ", "For this study, having a core rotation rate in the AGB phase that is consistent with asteroseismic observations of earlier and later evolutionary phases is crucial.", "\n\n Initial mass (M$_{\\odot}$) $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ (cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$) Phase reference\n ---------------------------- ------------------------------------ ----------------- -------------------\n 0.84 1$\\times$10$^3$-1.3$\\times$10$^4$ early red giant @Eggenberger_2017\n 1.5 3 $\\times$ 10$^4$ red giant @2012eggenberger\n 2.5 10$^7$ core He burning this work\n\n\\[tab:summary\\]\n\nWe thank the referee, Prof. C. Tout, for his careful reading of the manuscript and comments that greatly improved the clarity and flow of the paper. ", "This work has been supported by the European Research Council (ERC-2012-St Grant 306901, ERC-2016-CO Grant 724560), and the EU COST Action CA16117 (ChETEC). ", "RH acknowledges support from the World Premier International Research Centre Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. ", "This work is part of the BRIDGCE UK Network (www.bridgce.ac.uk) a UK-wide network established to Bridge Research in the different disciplines related to the galactic chemical evolution and nuclear astrophysics. ", "This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. ", "Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate.", "\n\nEvolution of rotation from ZAMS to core helium burning {#sec:evo_rot}\n======================================================\n\nBefore comparing our MESA models to the data points, we introduce the models by discussing their rotational evolution up to the core helium burning phase. ", "The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) of two models, one without a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ (labelled nTS) and one with a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ (labelled 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$) is shown in Fig. ", "\\[fig:hrd\\]. ", "The two models do not include the TS dynamo. ", "This figure shows that the two models are comparable. ", "The same is true for the evolution of the surface gravity $g$ shown in Fig. ", "\\[fig:log\\_g\\_15\\_101\\], where log g is shown versus log$_{10}$($t^*$)$\\simeq$log($t_{\\rm{WD}}$-$t$). ", "In this figure, the horizontal segments of the lines are the core hydrogen (MS) and helium (Core He b) burning phases. ", "The hydrogen shell burning phase takes place in a short amount of time at log$_{10}$($t^*$/yr)$\\simeq$10.160, the hydrogen/helium shell burning phase after the core helium burning phase at log$_{10}$($t^*$/yr)$\\simeq$10.154. ", "This paper focusses on the core helium burning phase, which starts at log$_{10}$($g$/cm s$^{-2}$)$\\simeq$1.8 and a log$_{10}$($t^*$/yr) $\\simeq$10.160. ", "Then, in a relatively short amount of time, log$_{10}$($g$/cm s$^{-2})\\simeq$2.9 is reached. ", "From there, during the remaining core helium burning phase the log g evolves with a constant slope until log$_{10}$($g$/cm s$^{-2})\\simeq$2.4 is reached. ", "This loop is visible in all following log$_{10}$ $g$ vs $\\Omega$ figures, where the lower halve of the curves is the long-lasting phase.\\\nFigure \\[fig:log\\_omega\\_15\\_101\\] shows the time evolution of the angular velocity of core $\\Omega_{\\rm{c}}$ (solid lines) and envelope $\\Omega_{\\rm{e}}$ (dashed lines) from the start of the main sequence to the start of the AGB phase. ", "During the core burning phases, the rotation rates of core and envelope are close to constant in both models, with the model including $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ showing a near solid body rotation trend during the main sequence. ", "The nTS model, however, shows large differences between core and envelope rotation rates during the shell burning phases. ", "These phases are characterised with core contraction and envelope expansion [also known as the mirror principle[^2], see @book_kipp], resulting in a steeply increasing core rotation rate and steeply decreasing envelope rotation rate.\\\nThe model including $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ shows different trends during the shell burning phases. ", "The coupling provided by $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ allows for transport of angular momentum even when the core is contracting. ", "As a result, the core rotation rate follows the trends of the envelope rotation rate and decreases during the shell burning phases (orange lines in Fig. ", "\\[fig:log\\_omega\\_15\\_101\\]). ", "This trend is as observed by @Aerts2017, who compare a compilation of rotation rates of main sequence stars to the rotation rates of more evolved stars by @2012Mosser. ", "They find that there must be a drop in core rotation before or during the end of hydrogen and the start of helium core burning phases.\\\nThe details of the angular velocity $\\Omega$ and corresponding angular momentum $j$ profiles from core to surface are given in Figs. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_101\\] and \\[fig:omega\\_15\\]. ", "Both figures show this profile at four moments in the evolution: the start and end of the main sequence and the start and end of the core helium burning phase. ", "The solid body start of the models is visible in both figures, and from there the differences appear. ", "As mentioned before, the angular velocity of the core and envelope in the model without $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ (left panel of Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_101\\]) evolve separately and oppositely due to the mirror principle. ", "This effect is already visible at the end of the main sequence, and results in a difference between core and envelope rotation rate of several orders of magnitude at the end of the core helium burning phase. ", "In the right panel the $j$ profiles are shown. ", "A decrease in $j$ in a region during a certain phase indicates transport of angular momentum. ", "A sharp feature is usually the outer edge of a convective zone, which creates a barrier for transport of angular momentum. ", "The general lack of transport of angular momentum in the nTS model is visible in the $j$ profiles of Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_101\\], because they largely overlap.\\\nWhen an additional viscosity of $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$=10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ is added, the differences between core and envelope angular velocity are smaller than in the nTS model (left panel of Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_15\\]). ", "The whole star is close to solid body rotation up to the end of the core helium burning phase, as also shown in Fig. ", "\\[fig:log\\_omega\\_15\\_101\\]. ", "In this model a large amount of angular momentum is transported out of the core between the end of the main sequence and the start of the core helium burning phase (right panel of Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_15\\]). ", "This efficient transport is also able to overcome the edge of convective regions, resulting in a lack of sharp features in the $j$-profiles. ", "The transport continues during the core helium burning phase, creating a short moment at the end of the core helium burning phase when the convective envelope rotates at a higher angular velocity than the rest of the star.\\\n\n![", "Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ models, one without a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ (dashed line) and one with a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ (solid line). ", "Neither model includes the TS dynamo.[]{data-label=\"fig:hrd\"}](HRD_15_101_dec6.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\n![", "Coupling made visible: shown here is the evolution of core (solid line) and envelope (dashed) rotation rates from the ZAMS to the start of the AGB phase. ", "Differences between the two models become visible at the start of the hydrogen shell burning phase, where the model without TS dynamo and $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ shows that the core and envelope rotation rates move apart, while the model including a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ shows the rotation rates are coupled.[]{data-label=\"fig:log_omega_15_101\"}](Log_g_age_run15_101_dec6_ann.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\n![", "Coupling made visible: shown here is the evolution of core (solid line) and envelope (dashed) rotation rates from the ZAMS to the start of the AGB phase. ", "Differences between the two models become visible at the start of the hydrogen shell burning phase, where the model without TS dynamo and $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ shows that the core and envelope rotation rates move apart, while the model including a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ shows the rotation rates are coupled.[]{data-label=\"fig:log_omega_15_101\"}](Log_omega_age_run15_101_dec6_ann.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\n![", "Same as Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_101\\], but for the model that includes a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$.[]{data-label=\"fig:omega_15\"}](Omega_j_run101_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\n![", "Same as Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_101\\], but for the model that includes a $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$.[]{data-label=\"fig:omega_15\"}](Omega_j_run15_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nModel uncertainties {#sec:model_unc}\n===================\n\nIn Sect. ", "\\[sec:artvisc\\] we were not able to mass the data points at the highest surface gravities corresponding to KIC5184199 and KIC4659821. ", "Here, we show that this is a consequence of setting the initial mass to 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$. When matching the initial mass to the masses listed in Table \\[tab:deheuvels\\], we can indeed match the highest surface gravities, as shown in Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\_3masses\\]. ", "For all models in this comparison, we use $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ = 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$. The model with the lowest initial mass (2.2 M$_{\\odot}$) reaches the higher surface gravities of the two data points earlier unreached. ", "These two data points correspond to the observations of stars with initial masses of 2.18 $ \\pm$ 0.23 and 2.21 $\\pm$ 0.18 M$_{\\odot}$, indeed matching the lower initial mass of 2.2 M$_{\\odot}$. When comparing the model with the highest initial mass (2.9 M$_{\\odot}$) to the data points, we find that the star with the highest mass, KIC7581399, of 2.90 $\\pm$ 0.34 M$_{\\odot}$, has a log$_{10}$($g/$cm s$^{-2}$) = 2.843 $\\pm$ 0.013 and is located on the 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ model. ", "This might imply that the actual mass of KIC7581399 is located near the lower end of the error margin.\\\nThe implementation of rotation in MESA allows for the inclusion and exclusion of individual rotationally induced instabilities. ", "The dynamical instabilities (DSI and SH) are not part of the GENEC models as published by Eggenberger et al. (", "2012, 2017). ", "Here we investigate their effects on the transport of angular momentum in the MESA models studied in this paper. ", "To test this, we calculated an extra model with an initial mass of 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ and $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ = 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ with only the ES and SSI included, and added this model to Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_artvisc\\] with the label ‘ES+SSI’. ", "The overlap of this model and the 2.5 M$_{\\odot}$ model, which also includes the dynamical instabilities, shows that the SH and DSI do not contribute to the transport of angular momentum. ", "@P.V.F.Edelmann2017 have already shown issues with the 1D implementation of the DSI in stellar evolutionary codes, and therefore being able to exclude this instability in studies on angular momentum transport reduces the uncertainties of our results. ", "They also confirm that the settings of the GENEC models are satisfactory.\\\n\n![", "Model uncertainties: the first three models presented here have been calculated with the best fit parameters (50 km s$^{-1}$, 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$), while the initial mass is varied. ", "The fourth model includes only the ES and SSI instabitity. ", "The models labelled ‘2.5 M$_{\\odot}$’ and ‘ES+SSI’ overlap.[]{data-label=\"fig:omega_artvisc_3masses\"}](Omega_plot_Deh_artvisc_run29_15_30_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nIn Sect. ", "\\[sec:introduction\\] we mention that we ran the best fit models of Eggenberger et al. (", "2012, 2017), and found $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ values that were similar to theirs to explain the observations. ", "Here, we show GENEC models [see @2008_geneva_eggenberger for a description of this code and their implementation of rotation] calculated to match the MESA models of this study. ", "Three GENEC models are shown in Fig. ", "\\[fig:ratio\\_MandG\\], with their $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ and initial mass, as labelled. ", "The same trends can be identified in these models as in the MESA models of earlier sections: when the initial mass is reduced, the data points at high surface gravities can be reached. ", "A $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ of 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ provides a better fit than 5$\\times$10$^6$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$. Therefore, our conclusions are code independent.", "\n\n![", "Code comparison: the models presented here are calculated with GENEC to show our conclusions are independent from evolutionary code.[]{data-label=\"fig:ratio_MandG\"}](Ratio_omegas_MandG_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\nRotation near the core {#sec:nearcore}\n======================\n\nAs mentioned in Sect. ", "\\[sec:7KIC\\], the numbers in the core rotation rates column in Table \\[tab:deheuvels\\] are actually ‘near core’ rotation rates. ", "Their location is 0.1–1% of the normalised radius away from the most central point, see Fig. ", "5 in @Deheuvels2015. ", "In this region the obtained rotation rate is constant despite the noise in this figure. ", "In Fig. ", "\\[fig:omega\\_norm\\_radius\\] we show a similar figure for the nTS and 10$^7$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ models, where the rotation rate at the start and end of the core helium burning phase is shown. ", "We see that the model including the extra $\\nu_{\\rm{add}}$ shows a constant trend in the region of interest at both times, as needed for the comparison to the data of @Deheuvels2015. ", "However, the nTS model shows a strong decrease in this region, providing another argument against these standard models.", "\n\n![", "For comparison with Fig. ", "5 of @Deheuvels2015. ", "The region of interest is between $r$/R$_{\\odot}$ of 10$^{-3}$ and 10$^{-2}$.[]{data-label=\"fig:omega_norm_radius\"}](Omega_run15_101_norm_radius_dec9.pdf){width=\"\\linewidth\"}\n\n[^1]: Apart from model ‘1/4’ because this model undergoes a very late thermal pulse (VLTP) during the WD phase and is rebrightened before the DAV temperature range is reached. ", "Convergence issues prevent the model from returning to the WD phase. ", "We therefore calculated the rotational period of this WD just before the VLTP.", "\n\n[^2]: This principle is not a physical law, but an empirical observation confirmed by numerical simulations. ", "It states that when a region within a burning shell contracts the region outside the shell will expand, and vice versa.", "\n" ]

[ 0.001953125, 0, 0, 0.002320185614849188, 0, 0, 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0047169811320754715, 0, 0.009615384615384616, 0.0056022408963585435, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0, 0.011049723756906077, 0.015503875968992248, 0, 0, 0.0205761316872428, 0.006172839506172839, 0.015479876160990712, 0, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0.004629629629629629, 0, 0.0029498525073746312, 0, 0.017964071856287425, 0, 0.010452961672473868, 0.006269592476489028, 0.008733624454148471, 0.001607717041800643, 0.010309278350515464, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0072992700729927005, 0, 0.00625, 0, 0, 0, 0.010810810810810811, 0.02727272727272727, 0.029411764705882353, 0, 0.028846153846153848, 0.02197802197802198, 0.014084507042253521, 0.01020408163265306, 0.012711864406779662, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0.006493506493506494, 0.011627906976744186, 0.003745318352059925, 0.011834319526627219, 0, 0.010033444816053512, 0.00966183574879227, 0, 0.006896551724137931, 0.004219409282700422, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0.007518796992481203, 0.0071174377224199285, 0.047619047619047616, 0.000585480093676815, 0.008547008547008548, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.002967359050445104, 0, 0.0036496350364963502, 0.004878048780487805, 0.004651162790697674, 0.0040650406504065045, 0, 0.008, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0.0051635111876075735, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0.006802721088435374, 0, 0, 0.004784688995215311, 0.043478260869565216, 0, 0, 0.0060790273556231, 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0.008333333333333333, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0, 0, 0.004329004329004329, 0.022727272727272728, 0, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0.008333333333333333, 0.004424778761061947, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0, 0, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.005763688760806916, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004464285714285714, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003257328990228013, 0.002512562814070352, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0, 0, 0.019138755980861243, 0.012244897959183673, 0.01674641148325359, 0.003067484662576687, 0, 0.0030581039755351682, 0.0211864406779661, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0.005263157894736842, 0, 0, 0.009708737864077669, 0.010309278350515464, 0.006711409395973154, 0, 0, 0.015625, 0.015625, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0.007434944237918215, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005681818181818182, 0.011235955056179775, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0.013513513513513514, 0, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0.0072992700729927005, 0, 0.006097560975609756, 0, 0, 0.004807692307692308, 0, 0, 0, 0.007281553398058253, 0.006289308176100629, 0.006097560975609756, 0.0029154518950437317, 0.01910828025477707, 0.008403361344537815, 0.009478672985781991, 0.017241379310344827, 0.024096385542168676, 0.007067137809187279, 0.016483516483516484, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0, 0, 0.0044444444444444444, 0, 0, 0, 0.0026666666666666666, 0, 0.00819672131147541, 0.003048780487804878, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.018867924528301886, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0.009345794392523364, 0.006493506493506494, 0, 0.006493506493506494, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0.004166666666666667, 0.014925373134328358, 0.008438818565400843, 0, 0, 0, 0.004310344827586207, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0.010362694300518135, 0, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0, 0, 0, 0.011299435028248588, 0.02702702702702703, 0, 0.005405405405405406, 0, 0, 0.0033222591362126247, 0.0078125, 0.010752688172043012, 0.047619047619047616, 0, 0.125, 0.005319148936170213, 0.00546448087431694, 0.008333333333333333, 0, 0.04, 0.047619047619047616, 0.005681818181818182, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Point Peninsula Complex\n\nThe Point Peninsula Complex was an indigenous culture located in Ontario and New York from 600 BCE to 700 CE (during the Middle Woodland period). ", " Point Peninsula ceramics were first introduced into Canada around 600 BCE then spread south into parts of New England around 200 BCE. ", " Some time between 300 BCE and 1 CE, Point Peninsula pottery first appeared in Maine, and \"over the entire Maritime Peninsula.\" ", " Little evidence exists to show that it was derived from the earlier, thicker pottery, known as Vinette I, Adena Thick, etc... Point Peninsula pottery represented a new kind of technology in North America and has also been called Vinette II. ", "Compared to existing ceramics that were thicker and less decorated, this new pottery has been characterized by \"superior modeling of the clay with vessels being thinner, better fired and containing finer grit temper.\" ", " Where this new pottery technology originated is not known for sure. ", "The origin of this pottery is \"somewhat of a problem.\" ", " The people are thought to have been influenced by the Hopewell traditions of the Ohio River valley. ", "This influence seems to have ended about 250 CE, after which they no longer practiced burial ceremonialism.", "\n\nHopewell interaction sphere\nThe Hopewell exchange system began in the Ohio and Illinois River valleys about 300 BCE. ", "The culture is referred to more as a system of interaction among a variety of societies than as a single society or culture. ", "Hopewell trading networks were quite extensive, with obsidian from the Yellowstone area, copper from Lake Superior, and shells from the Gulf Coast. ", "In some areas Point Peninsula people buried some of their dead in mortuary mounds. ", "Interred with the dead were exotic grave goods, including copper and silver pan pipes, marine shell gorgets, and exotic cherts. ", "The exotic goods among the burials may provide evidence for inherited status differentiation among Point Peninsula groups. ", "Pan pipes, which have been found in burial mounds from Florida to Minnesota, considered to be a diagnostic trait within the Hopewell inventory, appear suddenly in North America around 200 BCE, then disappear as do certain other Hopewell traits, around 400 CE. ", " Found mostly in the United States, nine pan pipes curiously appear in the LeVesconte mound, a Point Peninsula site located in Campbellford, Ontario. ", "Though the Hopewell interaction sphere generally is confined to the United States, much of the silver found in mound artifacts, such as pan pipes, actually comes from Cobalt, Ontario, far up the Ottawa River.", "\n\nPoint Peninsula Complex\nThe Point Peninsula people of the Middle Woodland period lived by hunting and gathering, supplemented by agriculture. ", "Around 900 CE, Point Peninsula artifacts in New York were replaced by Owasco culture artifacts. ", "However, a 2011 paper by archaeologist Dr. John P. Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture. ", "Archaeologists believe these indicated the presence of Clemson Island peoples' spreading northward and intermingling with the Point Peninsula complex through the years of 1300. ", "\n\nThe Owasco peoples practiced different pottery techniques and were more sedentary agriculturalists than the Point Peninsula people. ", "They cultivated a variety of types of maize, squash, and eventually beans, and lived in larger villages of several hundred to a thousand people. ", "Warfare was prevalent, as is shown by archeology. ", "The people built fortified villages, but many still died violently. ", "Gradually, smaller bands and tribes formed into larger groups. ", "The Owasco are thought to have eventually developed into the several Iroquoian-speaking nations of Pennsylvania and New York. ", "The Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy likely formed in an effort to avoid the continual warfare of years past.", "\n\nSome important sites are the Rice Lake/Lower Trent River area, including the Serpent Mounds Park, Cameron's Point and LeVescounte Mounds in Prince Edward County.", "\n\nSerpent Mounds Park\nThe Serpent Mounds Park at Rice Lake was occupied during the prehistoric Middle Woodland period. ", "The burial mound was shaped like a giant snake.", "\n\nSee also\n Lewiston Mound\n Hopewell tradition\n List of Hopewell sites\n Mound builder (people)\n Effigy mound\n Earthwork (archaeology)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Radiocarbon Dating the Middle to Late Woodland Transition and Earliest Maize in Southern Ontario, University of Toronto\n\nCategory:Point Peninsula Complex\nCategory:Mound builders (people)" ]

[ 0.017543859649122806, 0.007407407407407408, 0.0078125, 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01680672268907563, 0, 0.006756756756756757, 0, 0, 0, 0.0038314176245210726, 0.006666666666666667, 0.004807692307692308, 0.006944444444444444, 0.010416666666666666, 0.0196078431372549, 0, 0.007462686567164179, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0.008771929824561403, 0.018404907975460124, 0.008403361344537815, 0, 0.0057306590257879654 ]

[ "Sunday J Subway Train Travels\n\nThis is my first time actually uploading my videos from my Smartphone to Google then over to YouTube. ", "Please bear with me while I perfect my photography/video craft. ", "In the meantime please enjoy the videos of riding the J Subway Train from Broadway Junction in Brooklyn, the overhead views and across the Williamsburg Bridge." ]

[ 0.007518796992481203, 0, 0.006289308176100629 ]

[ "October 8, 2004\n\nimplant article\n\n1. ", "Yes and no. ", "I feel that the article follows the format of most online articles but I feel that most online articles lack structure and transitions. ", "The article hits the main points but lacks on details and transitions. ", "It seems like the author was just trying to state the main points in as short of an article as possible.", "\n\n2. ", "This article talks about breast implants and how science has shown the side-effects but women demand them more and more each year. ", "Silicone based implants have been baned now due to health risks and saline implants have replaced them. ", "However, saline implants have a greater tendency to leak but are much more safe health-wise. ", "The artical mentions that a settlement was reached between Dow Corning Corporation and the 170000 women who received the implants.", "\n\n3. ", "The main idea behind the article shows that women are still willing to have the implants put in despite the risks that come with implants. ", "Implant operations have increased 275% between 1992 and 1998 when the article was published. ", "The author also points out that the research behind the safety of the implants is still going on but from what is known, the saline implants appear to be a good substitute for the silicone-based implants.", "\n\n4. ", "I feel that the author could have done a much better job linking ideas together but this is what most online articles look like. ", "Online articles in general would have to change their format all together in order for proper transitions or more details to be talked about. ", "The article is too short and lacks supporting information that would make the article stronger. ", "I think more examples of what happens to women with silicone-based implants would strengthen the case against implant safety. ", "I also think that the same can be done for saline-based implants where there should be examples to support whether the implants are safe or if there have been reports of health risks for the newer implants. ", "The bottom line is that the article sounds like something any student could write with minimal research and basic writing skills. ", "Examples of real-world stories or cases always make an article stronger and it's what I would want to hear if I'm going to read an article on this subject." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Mumbai City FC Jersey For 2015 Season Revealed\n\nThe Mumbai City FC jersey for the 2015 ISL has been released, with Puma named as the official shirt sponsor for the upcoming season.", "\n\nPuma currently sponsors the likes of Premier League sides Arsenal and Newcastle United, as well as Bundesliga side Borussia Dortmund.", "\n\nThe new kit features a blue jersey with a diagonal stripe spanning down to the bottom corner of the shirt. ", "Mumbai City FC’s 2015 jersey sees a much lighter diagonal stripe in comparison to the previous season’s kit.", "\n\nThe new jersey announcement came along with confirmation that the squad will travel to Dubai for preseason training and friendly matches." ]

[ 0.011111111111111112, 0.014814814814814815, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Logic and his estranged wife, social media star and singer Jessica Andrea, want to shoot down rumors about why they're calling it quits -- and insist it wasn't the result of anything nasty.", "\n\nThe couple released a joint statement Tuesday, saying after 2 years of being married ... they've come to the \"loving conclusion\" they're better off as friends. ", "They're also refusing to play the blame game, publicly ... saying, \"It just didn't work out.\"", "\n\nThey add there was no cheating, fighting or anger and they'll continue to love and support each other." ]

[ 0.005291005291005291, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\najax: extract json object from array of json\n\nJSON (inside array from api):\n[{\"id\":\"001\", \"name\":\"john\", \"age\":\"40\"}, {\"id\":\"002\", \"name\":\"jane\", \"age\":\"30\"}]\n\nAjax:\n $.ajax({ \n url: 'interface_API.php', \n dataType: 'json', \n success: function(data) \n {\n for(var i in data){\n var row = data[i];\n\n var id = row[0]; \n var name = row[1];\n var age = row[2];\n\n $('#output').append(\"<tr width='50%'><td>\"+id+\"</td><td>\"+name+\"</td><td>\"+age+\"</td></tr>\"); \n }\n } \n});\n\nThe API uses this to construct:\nif(mysqli_num_rows($output)){\n while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($output)){\n $json[] = $row;\n }\n}\n\nHowever my Output is 'undefined' repeated for each .append\nHow do i extract each json object from the array & append to the page?", "\n\nA:\n\nchange this:\nvar id = row[0]; \nvar name = row[1];\nvar age = row[2];\n\nto this:\nvar id = row['id']; \nvar name = row['name'];\nvar age = row['age'];\n\nor this:\nvar id = row.id;\nvar name = row.name;\nvar age = row.age;\n\nBecause you already looped in here:\nfor(var i in data){\n var row = data[i]; // <----here\n\nso you just required to reference it with keys in the js object.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.002173913043478261, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n# Question 143\n\n\nWhen an integer literal is encountered, do interpreter and compiler\nbehave alike?", "\n\n\n# Answer\n\n\n\nNo, the interpreter puts it into stack directly, while compiler should emit \n`lit` instruction first. ", "An exception would be when a number occurs immediately\nafter `branch` or `0branch` words.", "\n\n\n\n[prev](142.md) +++ [next](144.md)\n" ]

[ 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0 ]

[ "Zahmyre Harris\n\nZahmyre \"Zay\" Harris (born 14 October 1998) is a United States Virgin Islands international footballer who plays as a midfielder and is currently studying at the Georgia Southwestern State University.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nInternational\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Zahmyre Harris at CaribbeanFootballDatabase\n\nCategory:1998 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:United States Virgin Islands soccer players\nCategory:United States Virgin Islands international soccer players\nCategory:Association football midfielders" ]

[ 0.018518518518518517, 0.012738853503184714 ]

[ "Pages\n\nMarch 18, 2010\n\nDice Throws BP\n\nNo restrictions, no hesitation, he feels good about himself. ", "How he feels about himself is a huge component at this point, and all those are positive signs. ", "We don't want to skip any steps along the way here. ", "We want to be sure that he has ample time ... to build a foundation that's going to endure an entire season.", "\n\nMatsuzaka felt like he had good life on his fastball and good command of his breaking stuff. ", "There was no indication of any back or neck problems. ", "He is expected to throw a bullpen session on Friday and work in a minor league game on Sunday. ", "However, his delayed start in camp will probably mean he'll begin the season on the disabled list.", "\n\nOne candidate for the final spot in the bullpen is Scott Atchinson, who has pitched five innings this spring and allowed no runs and no walks (5-4-0-0-5). ... ", "In addition to Jed Lowrie battling mononucleosis, Jacoby Ellsbury did not play yesterday because of a sore throat and Gil Velazquez was out after jamming his thumb into first base. ", "Josh Beckett, who missed a start because of a cold, is expected to pitch on Friday.", "\n\nNo Grapefruit game today, but Clay Buchholz will pitch in a minor league game." ]

[ 0.01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006211180124223602, 0.016574585635359115, 0.012048192771084338, 0.0125 ]

[ "China tests 500 km/h high-speed train\n\nAccording to China Daily, this concept train exceeds the world speed record of 300 kilometers per hour held by the Beijing Shanghai High Speed Railway.", "\n\nIn addition, it also has a maximum drawing power of 22,800 kilowatts, as opposed to the current 9,600 kilowatts.", "\n\nAlong with this new project, China has announced its plans to spend nearly 48 billion euros (400 billion yuan) for the construction of railway infrastructure in 2012. ", "Over 6,000 kilometers of track are in the program.", "\n\nWith a design inspired by an ancient Chinese sword, the train is built of plastic carbon fiber and magnesium to reduce weight and increase speed. ", "No indication has been given on the date on which the six-car train could be put into service.", "\n\nSafety seems to be of extreme importance for the Chinese government after the July incident when two bullet trains crashed into each other, killing 40." ]

[ 0.015789473684210527, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\na gap between slider image and nav\n\nI have very small space between the slider image and the nav.", "\nI opened the browser inspector and i couldn't find anything,\ni tried to minify the code and adding margin 0 for both nav top and img bottom\ni also tried to make line height of li equals to zero but nothing of these solutions worked \nanother thing i want to know if i should put this img inside div and why? ", "\nHTML \n <!-- ", "Start Header -->\n <header class=\"main-header\">\n <img src=\"image/header.jpg\" alt=\"header image\">\n <nav>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <ul>\n <li><a href=\"#\">home</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#\">about</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#\">services & pricing</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#\">contact us</a></li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </nav>\n </header>\n <!-- ", "End Header -->\n\ncss\n/* reset */\n*\n{\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n font-family: helvetica, sans-serif;\n}\n\n.container\n{\n width: 1000px;\n height: auto;\n margin: 0 auto;\n}\n/* end reset */\n/* start header */\nheader img\n{\n width: 100%;\n height: 800px;\n}\n\nheader nav\n{\n background-color: #151C24;\n width: auto;\n height: 30px;\n}\n\nheader nav ul\n{\n text-align: center;\n text-transform: capitalize;\n\n}\n\nheader nav ul li\n{\n display: inline-block;\n padding: 5px;\n color: #fff\n}\n\nheader nav ul li::after\n{\n content: \" |\";\n}\n\nheader nav ul li:last-child::after\n{\n content: \"\"\n}\n\nheader nav ul li a\n{\n text-decoration: none;\n color: #fff\n}\n\nheader nav ul li a:hover\n{\n color: #EBEEF5;\n font-weight: bold;\n}\n/* end header */\n\nA:\n\nThis happens because <img> is an inline-level element so browser adds some whitespace under the baseline to adjust other inline elements. ", "You can \"fix\" this by adding display: block to the <img> css declaration:\nheader img {\n width: 100%;\n height: 800px;\n display: block;\n}\n\n/* reset */\r\n*\r\n{\r\n margin: 0;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n font-family: helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.container\r\n{\r\n width: 1000px;\r\n height: auto;\r\n margin: 0 auto;\r\n}\r\n/* end reset */\r\n/* start header */\r\nheader img\r\n{\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 800px;\r\n display: block;\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav\r\n{\r\n background-color: #151C24;\r\n width: auto;\r\n height: 30px;\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav ul\r\n{\r\n text-align: center;\r\n text-transform: capitalize;\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav ul li\r\n{\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n padding: 5px;\r\n color: #fff\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav ul li::after\r\n{\r\n content: \" |\";\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav ul li:last-child::after\r\n{\r\n content: \"\"\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav ul li a\r\n{\r\n text-decoration: none;\r\n color: #fff\r\n}\r\n\r\nheader nav ul li a:hover\r\n{\r\n color: #EBEEF5;\r\n font-weight: bold;\r\n}\r\n/* end header */\n<!-- ", "Start Header -->\r\n <header class=\"main-header\">\r\n <img src=\"https://gravatar.com/avatar/aee14e4469ed5252cf628e57284833f8?s=80&d=https://static.codepen.io/assets/avatars/user-avatar-80x80-bdcd44a3bfb9a5fd01eb8b86f9e033fa1a9897c3a15b33adfc2649a002dab1b6.png\" alt=\"header image\">\r\n <nav>\r\n <div class=\"container\">\r\n <ul>\r\n <li><a href=\"#\">home</a></li>\r\n <li><a href=\"#\">about</a></li>\r\n <li><a href=\"#\">services & pricing</a></li>\r\n <li><a href=\"#\">contact us</a></li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </div>\r\n </nav>\r\n </header>\r\n <!-- ", "End Header -->\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.0023094688221709007, 0.005753739930955121, 0.007446808510638298, 0.003194888178913738, 0 ]

[ "Poster for our first production \"Vital LMTD\" at the Street Theatre in Canberra. ", "Features \"aristocratic scientist from the future\" costumes by Christina Hopgood. ", "Left to right: Benjamin Forster, Hanna Cormick, Charles Martin.​\n\nQR Tickets for \"THE LAST MAN TO DIE\" in 2010. ", "Tickets could be scanned by audience members at any time during the show to change scene. ", "At the beginning of the show, the performance program only allowed scenes to change at the end of their duration but by the end, scenes could be changed rapidly until the viewing time had elapsed.", "\n\nBenjamin was responsible for the smooth running of the three computers controlling the performance in \"THE LAST MAN TO DIE\". ", "This typically behind the scenes role was performed in full view of the audience who were aware of the technology connecting the performers, visuals, sound and interactive elements.", "\n\nHanna performed 9 different roles in THE LAST MAN TO DIE, one for each scene in the show. ", "In this scene: \"Train Station\" she portrays a woman discovering personal uniqueness in a society that controls genetic material. ", "The shock of this discovery is almost too much to bear." ]

[ 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.026785714285714284, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. ", "The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. ", "The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. ", "Molecular mechanics (MM) are the key component in the armamentarium used by computational chemists and biologists to study molecular structures and energies for both organic and biological molecules. ", "Force field that describes the energy of a system with bond stretching, bond angle bending and torsional angle twisting etc, is the cornerstone of a MM model. ", "Most the widely used force fields, including AMBER, CHARMM, MMFF, MM3, are developed to study a specific class of molecules, either biological or organic molecules. ", "The purpose of this project is to develop a general force field that works well for both biological and organic molecules. ", "A universal, self consistent and well parameterized force field is essential to perform structure-based drug design. ", "The AMBER force fields (parm94, parm99, parm99SB, parm02) was originally developed for protein and nucleic acids. ", "The fact that AMBER has only limited parameters for organic molecules has prevented it from being widely used in drug design. ", "Recently, we put some effort to extend AMBER to cover the chemical space of organic molecules that are made up of H, C, N, O, S, P, F, Cl, Br, I. A paper on this general AMBER force field has been published (J. Comput. ", "Chem., ", "25, 1157-1174, 2004). ", "To further improve GAFF and extend this general force field to cover more chemical spaces that include metallic elements, we plan to (1) perform ab initio optimizations for up to 40,000 organic molecules to derive bond length and bond angle equilibrium parameters;(2) carry out ab initio torsional angle scanning to derive the force constants for the missing torsional parameters;(3) do frequency analysis for up to 5000 organic molecules to further improve the force constants of bond stretching, bond angle bending as well as torsional angle twisting;(4) investigate different function forms of modeling metallic bond angles that typically have more than one equilibrium bond angles (such as 90 and 180 degrees in octahedral configuration), do Steps (1) to (3) for metallic model compounds selected from CSD (Crystal Structure Database) and the truncated protein-metal, DNA-metal systems;(5) develop a polarizable version of GAFF to be used in combination with polarizable protein/nucleic acid force fields;(6) develop an efficient charge model that mimic the HF/6-31G(d) ESP charges using the Gasteigers scheme. ", "With those improvements, we are confident that the second version of GAFF will be a significantly better universal force field for drug design. ", "Many of the planned calculations have been done;however, we need more computer resource to achieve the goals. ", "According to our Amber force fields development road map,the second generation GAFF and the first version of polarizable GAFF will be released in Year 2009. ", "We also plan to develop a software package (an improved version of parmscan) to facilitate the procedure of force field parameterization and this package will be put in public domain for free download." ]

[ 0.008130081300813009, 0.02, 0, 0, 0.006289308176100629, 0.01818181818181818, 0, 0, 0.008771929824561403, 0, 0.0091324200913242, 0, 0, 0.0017937219730941704, 0.006944444444444444, 0, 0.012738853503184714, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nPerl TDS character sets\n\nI'm using the FreeTDS driver with DBD::Sybase, connecting to an MS SQL Server. ", " When I query certain values of certain records, I get this error:\nDBD::Sybase::st fetchrow_arrayref failed: OpenClient message: LAYER = (0) ORIGIN = (0) SEVERITY = (9) NUMBER = (99)\nServer , database \nMessage String: WARNING! ", "Some character(s) could not be converted into client's character set. ", "Unconverted bytes were changed to question marks ('?').", "\n\nThis seems to happen for records that contain special Windows character-set characters, such as curly quotes, copied and pasted from people's Outlook and Word messages.", "\nUnfortunately, I do not have any control of this database; sanitizing the input on the way in is obviously the way to go, but is not available to me.", "\nWhat FreeTDS settings do I need to change to be able to successfully query these records?", "\nAdditional information:\nThe query works fine from tsql. ", " I only get this error through Perl's DBD::Sybase interface. ", " (Should I test through something else? ", " I don't have the expertise yet to install PHP or Python. ", " I've got jTDS and can use it, but I think that's a completely different implementation, not an interface to FreeTDS.)", "\nAdding\nclient charset = UTF-8\n\nto my freetds.conf file results in \"Out of memory!\" ", "printed to STDERR.", "\n\nA:\n\nI had a similar problem recently.", "\nIn your freetds.conf file you'll want an\nentry similar to the following:\n[DataSourceName]\n host = <IP Address>\n port = <databaseport>\n #version 8.0 seems to work with sql server 2005\n tds version = 8.0\n client charset = UTF-8\n\nclient charset is the important bit here.", "\nI was doing this with Perl from Linux, I expect UTF-8 is the best choice here as well, given Perl is the Client\n\n" ]

[ 0.009259259259259259, 0, 0, 0.01818181818181818, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0.05555555555555555, 0, 0.003278688524590164, 0.017543859649122806 ]

[ "Review of Politics, Economics, Constitution, Law and World Affairs by Attorney and Doctor Orly Taitz\n\nIf you love your country, please help me fight this creeping tyranny and corruption. ", "Donations no matter how small will help pay for airline and travel expenses.", "\n\nThe articles posted represent only the opinion of the writers and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Dr. Taitz, Esq., ", "who has no means of checking the veracity of all the claims and allegations in the articles.", "\n\nBirther queen Orly Taitz is celebrating a routine U.S. Supreme Court decision to refer her petition, which asks the court to overturn President Barack Obama’s election, to a February conference of the justices.", "\n\nTaitz posted on her website Wednesday afternoon that the Supreme Court will discuss a case she filed on behalf of three minor presidential candidates — including a federal prison inmate — at their conference Feb. 15. ", "The court’s website confirms that Taitz’s case, which she submitted to Chief Justice John Roberts’ office last month, has been placed on the Feb. 15 conference agenda and has been distributed to the nine justices for consideration.", "\n\nThe roughly 10,000 petitions that the court receives annually are referred to the regular conference meetings for discussion, then around 100 are picked by the justices for oral arguments and a final decision. ", "The votes of four justices in the conference are needed to schedule arguments. ", "The scheduling comes a week after another birther activist suggested impeaching Roberts if he attempted to swear-in Obama later this month.", "\n\nThe long odds have not deterred Taitz, a lawyer, dentist and real estate agent in Rancho Santa Margarita, Calif., from celebrating Wednesday’s decision. ", "Taitz filed the case on behalf of Edward Noonan, who won the American Independent Party presidential primary in California, Thomas Gregory MacLeran, who ran for the Republican presidential nomination, and Keith Judd, who challenged Obama in the Democratic primary. ", "Judd, who is currently in federal prison, received 41 percent of the vote against Obama in the West Virginia primary. ", "Taitz has said that if Obama was disqualified from the ballot Judd would have been the Democratic presidential nominee based on his West Virginia votes.", "\n\nTaitz’s case argues that Obama is using false identification, a fake last name, a false Social Security number and forged birth certificates, and Selective Service applications to run for president. ", "She originally filed the lawsuit against California Secretary of State Debra Bowen (D) in her attempt to prevent California’s electoral votes from being counted and to prevent Vice President Joe Biden from counting the electoral votes earlier this month.", "\n\nA federal judge in California dismissed this case last week. ", "Taitz likened her current case to Watergate.", "\n\n“Please, keep in mind, Richard Nixon was reelected and sworn in, but later was forced to resign as a result of Watergate. ", "over 30 high ranking officials of Nixon administration including Attorney General of the United States and White House Counsel were indicted, convicted and went to prison,” Taitz wrote on her website.", "\n\n“ObamaForgery gate is a hundred times bigger then Watergate. ", "More corrupt high ranking officials, US Attorneys, AGs and judges were complicit, committed high treason by allowing a citizen of Indonesia and possibly still a citizen of Kenya Barack Hussein Obama, aka Barack (Barry) Soebarkah, aka Barack (Barry) Soetoro to usurp the U.S. Presidency by use of forged IDs and a stolen Social security number.”", "\n\nOn January 15, at 6:30 PM, Investigator Mike Zullo of the Cold Case Posse has been scheduled to give a presentation to a joint meeting of the Surprise Tea Party and the Sun City West Tea Party. ", "Zullo will, according to the Sun City West Tea Party website, be speaking about issues from the 1950s that have a striking similarity to current events such as Agenda 21, World Government, etc. ", "Specifically, he will be speaking about the Bricker Amendment and the Connally Reservation.", "\nPrior to my being sworn into the Cold Case Posse by Sheriff Arpaio on April 17, 2012, I provided\ninformation regarding the Connally Reservation and the Bricker Amendment and the abuse of treaty laws to Investigator Zullo in February and early March of 2012. ", "In addition, I provided the name of Frank E. Holman, former President of the American Bar Association from 1948-1949, and the location of Mr. Holman’s personal papers currently warehoused at the former Sandpoint Naval Air Station in Seattle, WA.", "\n\nMr. Holman was a Member of the Special Committee for the Organization of the Nations for Peace and Law in 1944 and 1945. ", "Mr. Holman was also a member of the Special Committee for Peace and Law. ", "Through United Nations in 1946 and 1947. ", "Mr. Holman was a Rhodes Scholar and the Senior Partner in the Seattle law firm of Holman, Mickelwait, Marion, Black & Perkins. ", "The firm in 2006 became Perkins Coie and now represents President Barack Hussein Obama II. ", "Originally a supporter of the United Nations, Mr. Holman soon became an outspoken opponent of the United Nations and worked tirelessly at his own expense for 10 years to expose the socialist and internationalist agenda to transform America into a socialist state through international agreements, conventions, and treaties associated with the United Nations. ", "The agenda to transform America through treaty law was best expressed by the Communist Party USA in the April 1945 issue of their official journal, Political Affairs: Great popular support and enthusiasm for the [creation of the United Nations and] United Nations policies should be built up, well organized and fully articulate. ", "But it is also necessary to do more than that. ", "The opposition must be rendered so impotent that it will be unable to gather any significant support in the Senate against the U.N. Charter and the treaties which will follow. (", "my emphasis)\n\nIn 1952, in an address to the American Bar Association, Mr. John Foster Dulles, before he became Secretary of State, issued the following warning to the delegates: The treaty-making power is an extraordinary power liable to abuse. ", "Treaties make international law and also make domestic law. ", "Under our Constitution treaties become the supreme law of the land. ", "They are indeed more supreme than ordinary laws for congressional laws are invalid if they do not conform to the Constitution, whereas treaty laws can override the Constitution. ", "Treaties for example, can take powers away from the Congress and give them to the President: they can take powers from the State and give them to the Federal government or to some international body and they can cut across the rights given the people by the constitutional Bill of Rights. ", "As a result of these warnings, Mr. Holman pushed forward with the need for a Constitutional Amendment which would, at a minimum, prevent a treaty or other international agreement that conflicts with any provision of the Constitution from being of any force or effect.", "\n\nMr. Holman’s efforts, with the help of the American Bar Association, lead to the proposed Bricker Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which was submitted by Senator John Bricker along with sixty-three other Senators, as Senate Joint Resolution 1, in the 83rd Congress, 1st Session. ", "The text of the Article is as follows:\n\n1.) ", "A provision of a treaty which conflicts with this Constitution shall not be of any force or effect.", "\n2.) ", "A treaty shall become effective as internal law in the United States only through legislation which would\nbe valid in the absence of treaty.", "\n3.) ", "Congress shall have power to regulate all executive and other agreements with any foreign power or\ninternational organization. ", "All such agreements shall be subject to the limitations imposed on treaties by\nthis article.", "\n4.) ", "The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.", "\n5.) ", "this article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.", "\n\nThe Eisenhower administration (Republican Party) and the previous Truman administration (Democrat Party) worked feverishly to defeat the Bricker Amendment. ", "As a result, the Bricker Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was defeated by 1 vote.", "\n\nSmall Arms Treaty that may lead to civilian disarmament in America. ", "We also have President As a result of this vote, America, nearly six decades later, is now facing the prospect of a U.N. Obama, who under the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21, is considered eligible to be President.", "\n\nHave you ever wondered why no court in the land has ever allowed discovery regarding President Obama’s eligibility? ", "Look to treaty laws and other international conventions and agreements that the United States is obligated to follow with the United Nations. ", "Agenda 21? ", "Look no further than the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights from December 1948. ", "Everyone has the right to national healthcare; a clean, green environment; and the ability to freely migrate from country to country. ", "Yes, even illegal immigrants from Mexico have the human right to come to the United States if they feel they are being persecuted in their homeland. ", "Open borders are a direct result of the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.", "\n\nAll of the sovereignty-robbing treaty encroachments on our domestic law that the United States currently faces can be traced back to our entry into the United Nations treaty of 1945.", "\nSome would argue that international treaties can’t override the Constitution. ", "In fact, in 1957, the Supreme Court in Reid v. Covert stated it has regularly and uniformly recognized the supremacy of the Constitution over a treaty. ", "That being said, it becomes clear that our elected officials are not following the rule of law and are imposing international treaties on America, and changing domestic law, all contrary to our Constitution. ", "United Nations Agenda 21 is a glaring example of how the Constitution is being ignored by elected officials and trumped by an international agreement.", "\n\nWith the United Nations came the formation of the World Court. ", "According to Mr. Holman, in a 1961 speech to the Suffolk Law School Alumni Association he stated:\n\nThe World Court is in no way bound or guided by any definite rules or principles of law. ", "It is entirely free to make up its own rules and render any judgment it members can agree on, as influenced by each judge’s own particular legal concepts, and one may add, as influenced by his national pride or interest — and there is no appeal. ", "It is against this heterogeneous court, largely made up of foreigners– a lawless court, because there are no established rules to govern its deliberations–that the Connally Reservation is designed to protect our American freedoms, both as individuals and as a nation.", "\n\nThe Connally Reservation was introduced in the Senate by Senator Connally of Texas and was passed by the Senate by a vote of 51 to 12 on August 2, 1946. ", "In essence, it avoided the absolute adherence of the United States to the compulsory jurisdiction of the World Court. ", "The United States was free to determine whether a matter was domestic and not under the jurisdiction of the World Court. ", "The Connally Reservation is the key to keeping the World Court out of American affairs. ", "Look for continued efforts to seek the repeal of the Connally Reservation by socialists and internationalists.", "\n\nI provided much of the preceding information to Mike Zullo and the Cold Case Posse in late February and early March of 2012. ", "Since then, I have done what I could to get the information about the dangers of treaty laws and our sovereignty-robbing entanglement with the United Nations disseminated to the public. ", "On one occasion, on March 17, 2012, I had the rare opportunity to interview Mr. John Stormer on radio KFNX, thanks to A Call to Rights host Mr. Steve Kates. ", "Mr. Stormer wrote the now famous 1964 book None Dare Call it Treason. ", "On the air, Mr. Stormer confirmed my observations that I now offer here in this article. ", "For those who have a copy of the DVD Agenda, Grinding America Down, Mr. Stormer is featured in the film making several observations about the socialist plan for America.", "\n\nMy question for Investigator Mike Zullo and the Cold Case Posse is this:\nWhy didn’t you prominently publicize the Holman information about the Connally Reservation, the Bricker Amendment, and Treaty Law abuse prior to the November 6, 2012 election?", "\n\nIn my opinion, you were in a prime position to expose this information with major impact prior to the election. ", "You had the opportunity to show how America is being transformed into a socialist nation through international agreements and treaties. ", "You had the very key to the process that socialists and internationalists are using to transform America. ", "The public has for decades questioned the unseen mechanism that is transforming America. ", "The abuse of Article VI of the Constitution and the unlawful utilization of international treaty laws by officials in government is the answer. ", "Following the rule of man, instead of the rule of law, has altered our Constitutional Republic.", "\n\nWhile I applaud Investigator Zullo for now bringing this information forward, and I would encourage people to attend the presentation on January 15, in my opinion, this information should have been prominently presented on a continual basis many months prior to the November 6, 2012 election. ", "The Certificate of Live Birth investigation findings, along with Mr. Holman’s information about the dangers of treaty laws, the Connally Reservation, and the Bricker Amendment, should have been presented together. ", "Had there been a sense of urgency to expose this additional information, it could have possibly saved us from an extension of the ongoing national crisis of the past four years.", "\n\nI have always given credit to the good Lord for the idea to request Sheriff Joe Arpaio to criminally\ninvestigate the Obama Certificate of Live Birth. ", "The good Lord also provided me with a 58 year old book I discovered on a dusty shelf that contained the name of Frank Holman on two pages within the book. ", "Until the book was discovered, I had never heard of Mr. Holman. ", "It didn’t happen by accident.", "\n\nFrank E. Holman was a defender of the U.S. Constitution and American sovereignty. ", "He continuously warned America about the dangers of treaty laws and the United Nations. ", "He was a true American Patriot, and he believed in the following words of Thomas Jefferson:\n\nIn questions of power, let no more be said of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.", "\n\nBrian Reilly\nSun City West, Arizona\n\nSource Information:\nSelected Speeches and Articles\nBy Frank E. Holman, Past President of the American Bar Association1961\nStory of the Bricker Amendment\nBy Frank E. Holman1954\nThe Life and Career of a Western Lawyer 1886-1961\nBy Frank E. Holman1963\nNone Dare Call it Treason\nBy John Stormer 1964\nBut We Were Born Free\nBy Elmer Davis 1954\n\nBrian Reilly is an Arizona political activist who currently is on the board of Waking Up America, a pro-Constitution Christian group. ", "He is a former board member of the Surprise Tea Party and the Sun City West Tea Party. ", "While he was with the Surprise Tea Party, Reilly developed and initiated the plan to request Sheriff Joe Arpaio to criminally investigate the authenticity of President Barack Obama’s Hawaiian Certificate of Live Birth. ", "From April 17, 2012 to June 30, 2012, Reilly was a sworn member of the Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office Cold Case Posse.", "\n\nMarlboro Man January 10th, 2013 @ 7:20 am\n\nHow does this work? ", "If the conference is schedule for February 15th, how can you stop the votes from being counted (they already have) or the usurper from being sworn in (he gets sworn this month)?", "\n\nWhat exactly is the game plan? ", "What will be done if they do not hear your case? ", "Can you have the justices arrested?", "\n\[email protected] January 10th, 2013 @ 8:29 am\n\nI got info that Zullo will be in CA speaking at the same day and the same time. ", "something is wrong with this picture\n\nblackyb January 10th, 2013 @ 10:43 am\n\nHave you noticed on these liberal news outlets when the liberals snicker and giggle whenever they mention the people who are trying to prevent a takeover of this country? ", "Have you noticed how they try to make it look like thousands of people are the butt end of a joke when these violations of laws by the Obama administration are being discussed? ", "This is in order to influence people and the courts into thinking they are humoring derranged people. ", "These liberals are using their mouths and lies to throw this country into chaos. ", "The leftists are no more than puppets for foreign governments to use to destroy this country. ", "They think they have their milllions and nothing will interefere with that and that their positions are secure. ", "They will see that they are being used after it is too late. ", "These mockers and scoffers are going to get a big bite out of their arse(s) by karma before it is said and done. ", "These people who are mocking are no more for ‘poor’ people and middle class than they have ever been. ", "Look at Michael Moore with his millions trying to relate to the ‘poor’ with his Bever Cleaver ball hat and dressing like a pre highschooler. ", "That fat piece of garbage has never been out, just like the rest of those leftists for anyone but themselves. ", "They are taking this country down the drain as they mock and scoff in their phoniness at those trying to defend this country.", "\n\nblackyb January 10th, 2013 @ 10:48 am\n\nI guess I need to practice that ‘leftist’ snicker and giggle really well because when Obama is outed for what he is I can lay it on them. ", "These leftost idiots stay so doped up and drunk that they are living in a leftist la la land playing the ‘we love poor people and the disenfranchised’ games in order to get their hedonist lifestyle recognized and to seem like it is a normal way of life. ", "They should know, if they ever get their brains even semi-fogged that the American people are on to them and this is NOT going to go away.", "\n\nblackyb January 10th, 2013 @ 10:58 am\n\nWhat really tears it is that all these millionaires are not helping with their money and putting down middle class people who work, scrimp and save to give their children a chance at a better life. ", "They are wanting to play ‘heal the poor and sick’ on the backs of those already carrying the load. ", "They are a bunch of coniving, consciousless people who are playing games while America is headed for massive disruption. ", "These people are bringing in illegals to steal the vote and use resources that should be in reserve for Americans where their own forefathers worked to salvage a nation out of a wildnerness. ", "This administration is the most evil bunch of conniving usurpers and overthrowers this country has ever know. ", "They are above all made of of the most ignorant and selfish people ever to have emerged upon the political scene in any of our lifetimes. ", "These people are more dangerous than those Japanese who bombed Pearl Harbor because of their underhanded tactics and how they have taken over offices great and small of the various state, local and federal givernment to the point that Americans have no way for regress or even addressing the problems these people have created in order to destroy this country. ", "They are leaving man to think that their only hope is for a revolution. ", "If the judges and justices do their job and make sure they are even getting the documents and evaluating them according to the Constitution of this land, America has a chance to come out of this. ", "No one ever said that a battle was easy. ", "Justices and judges do your job would be my battle cry, because our forefathers and military have shed blood and died for your right to do your jobs. ", "Are they going to sit back and give this country away without a fight? ", "Let’s hope not.", "\n\nOfficial Facebook\n\nRecent Posts\n\nIMPORTANT NOTICES – PLEASE READ!", "\n\nHistoric DVD Now Available!", "\nDVD of the historic trial in GA and DVD of a historic testimony in NH, where evidence was provided showing Obama using a forged birth certificate and a stolen social security number. ", "The DVDs are in a beautiful commemorative case with personal autographs from attorney Dr. Orly Taitz $22.50 each +$2.50 for shipping and handling.", "\n---------\nTo order these DVDs, donate $25.00 by credit card on the website RunOrlyRun.com and email [email protected] with you name and address. ", "Or send a $25.00 check with your name and address to: Orly Taitz for US Senate 2012, 29839 Santa Margarita ste 100, RSM, CA 92688." ]

[ 0.0106951871657754, 0, 0.007751937984496124, 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0.0091324200913242, 0.008658008658008658, 0, 0, 0.007194244604316547, 0.012903225806451613, 0.018867924528301886, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0.014925373134328358, 0.011811023622047244, 0, 0.022727272727272728, 0.008064516129032258, 0.015, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0.015306122448979591, 0.005154639175257732, 0.01098901098901099, 0.007722007722007722, 0.0163265306122449, 0.016260162601626018, 0.0410958904109589, 0.024390243902439025, 0.023622047244094488, 0.01098901098901099, 0.011142061281337047, 0.012121212121212121, 0, 0.011299435028248588, 0.012244897959183673, 0, 0, 0, 0.006920415224913495, 0.003745318352059925, 0.02112676056338028, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0, 0, 0.0189873417721519, 0.012048192771084338, 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0.00847457627118644, 0.007042253521126761, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0, 0, 0.005434782608695652, 0, 0.019736842105263157, 0, 0.006666666666666667, 0.03076923076923077, 0.015957446808510637, 0, 0.003745318352059925, 0.01935483870967742, 0.00847457627118644, 0.008264462809917356, 0.022727272727272728, 0.01818181818181818, 0.015748031496062992, 0.005376344086021506, 0.01910828025477707, 0.02857142857142857, 0.011235955056179775, 0.005917159763313609, 0.012, 0, 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0.006944444444444444, 0, 0, 0.014018691588785047, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0.0064516129032258064, 0.015625, 0, 0.023809523809523808, 0.011363636363636364, 0.008928571428571428, 0.021484375, 0.011494252873563218, 0.0182648401826484, 0.016666666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0.005649717514124294, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0070921985815602835, 0, 0, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016304347826086956, 0.00684931506849315, 0.006711409395973154, 0.007692307692307693 ]

[ "We also sell Dahon brand bikes through Halfords,\ncaravan shops, chandlers, by mail-order/internet through World\nWheels and through the automotive industry (recently including\nMazda and Kia and now Land Rover)." ]

[ 0.019138755980861243 ]

[ "Impressive songs, old and new, from an accomplished interpreter of folk and Americana\n\nYou can read 9 more articles this month\n\nEmotional but measured in her musical and vocal criticisms of the contemporary US, she’s thoughtful on any range of subjects, from the post-industrial travails of her home town in Maine to the admission that although she’s always loved Billie Holiday, she’s rarely been able to listen to her music because it ventures into such sad places.", "\n\nThere’s an underlying blueness, too, about Griffin’s songs, emphasised by the subtly discordant elements in her voice. ", "But while she can bring you down, she can just as easily raise you up with her inspiring messages.", "\n\nWorking in perfect harmony with a two-man band of David Pulkingham on guitar and piano and Conrad Choucroun multi-tasking on a selection of instruments, Griffin begins with three songs from her high-quality, eponymous new album — Mamma’s Worried, The Wheel and, best-received of the trio, the Boys from Tralee, a driving and upbeat consideration of the upsides of emigration and immigration.", "\n\nMuch of the rest of the set is also taken from that album. ", "River, a heartfelt tribute to the strength of women, Hour Glass, inspired by Screamin’ Jay Hawkins and grisly murder ballad Bluebeard are all gobbled up by an adoring full-house audience already familiar with each.", "\n\nWhat Now, with its ghostly lyrics contemplating the possibility of impending death, has Griffin bathed in Cressy Klaces’s beautiful and ethereal stage-lighting of blues and purples, catching her extravagantly tousled hair at all angles.", "\n\nWhere I Come From, about her birthplace of Old Town, is pushed forward wonderfully by the freight-train rhythm of Choucroun’s brushes on snare.", "\n\nTowards the end, there’s older stuff, including When It Don’t Come Easy and Long Ride Home and to finish, one of two encore songs, her most enduring and heartwarming composition Heavenly Day.", "\n\nIt clearly reveals Griffin’s gospelly and bluesy undercurrent. ", "But, at heart, she’s a true American folk singer and a great credit to that noble tradition." ]

[ 0.0021413276231263384, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0.010178117048346057, 0, 0.014018691588785047, 0.004201680672268907, 0.006896551724137931, 0, 0.015384615384615385, 0 ]

[ "Jenkins 'pretty close', says Pyke\n\nRelated\n\nI’d expect he should be available next week based on how he’s progressing\n\nDon Pyke on Josh Jenkins\n\nAdelaide coach Don Pyke expects forward Josh Jenkins to be fit to take on Richmond next week.", "\n\nJenkins, 28, hasn’t played since injuring his ribs against Hawthorn at the MCG in Round Two.", "\n\nThe 200cm goalkicker has participated in some training and will start to increase his contact work.", "\n\n“Josh got pretty close (to playing against Gold Coast). ", "I’d expect he should be available next week based on how he’s progressing,” Pyke said on Friday.", "\n\n“He’ll train pretty solidly over the weekend in preparation to get himself ready for next week. ", "He’s done limited contact work. ", "At the moment, it’s been more about getting him up and running again.", "\n\n“He’ll have to go through match sim at training … not only to give himself the confidence that he’s ready to go … but to make us aware that he’s in that headspace, is over that injury and ready to play again.”", "\n\nThe Crows have been bolstered by the return of Brad Crouch for Saturday’s clash with Gold Coast at Metricon Stadium.", "\n\nCrouch, 23, has starred since returning from a pre-season hamstring injury in the SANFL a fortnight ago.", "\n\nPyke said the 2013 Rising Star runner-up was ready to play his first AFL game of the season.", "\n\n“We’re really confident Brad comes in (a) in good form and (b) with good fitness under his belt,” he said.", "\n\n“Obviously, with his history and some of the hamstring problems he’s had we did a fair bit of work in terms of strengthening through his core and lower-leg area.", "\n\n“Like all our guys, he’ll come in just to play his role.", "\n\n\"We know the quality of the player. ", "I watched him play (SANFL) last week down at Encounter Bay and he ran really strongly throughout the game.", "\n\n“It’ll be a step up, but we expect he’ll make that transition smoothly.”", "\n\nCrouch replaces injured defender Jake Kelly (eye) in the Crows team to play the Suns.", "\n\nPyke identified 200-gamer Richard Douglas and wingman David Mackay, who moved into defence following Kelly’s injury against Essendon, as possible candidates to line up in the back half on Saturday.", "\n\nSwingman Andy Otten also has the capacity to play at either end of the ground.", "\n\nPyke said it was pleasing to have options to cover Kelly’s absence without bringing in a like-for-like replacement.", "\n\n“Some of it has been forced on us through injuries and events, but now we’ve got some options in terms of guys who can play multiple roles,” he said.", "\n\n“It’s not necessarily just dealing with injuries, it’s also dealing with what the game throws at you and being able to move guys from half-forward to midfield, or wing or back.", "\n\n“That’s what we want to try and build.”", "\n\nThe Suns, who will be without key defensive pillars Steven May (hamstring) and Rory Thompson (quad), have injury concerns of their own.", "\n\nEight-gamer Jack Leslie is likely to get the job on Adelaide captain Taylor Walker.", "\n\nKade Kolodjashnij (190cm) is the next-tallest Suns defender, while former South Adelaide big man Keegan Brooksby has been named as an emergency after being upgraded from the rookie list.", "\n\nWalker kicked five first-half goals to help set-up his team’s win over the Bombers last weekend.", "\n\n“If we’re able to move the ball effectively and get it in there to our forwards, we’ve seen they can be pretty dangerous,” Pyke said.", "\n\n“Tex (Walker) was in good form last week … he really came out and imposed himself on the game and played a really strong game.", "\n\n“Hopefully, that form continues Saturday night.’", "\n\nThe Crows are the highest-scoring team in the competition after four rounds.", "\n\nAdelaide is ranked seventh (best) for points conceded, prompting suggestions during the week that the Crows were ‘too offensive’.", "\n\nPyke has been happy with his team’s defence, but said there was always room for improvement.", "\n\n“We want to be a side, as I’ve said all along, that is strong in all the phases,” he said.", "\n\n“Our defensive action is important because our defensive action starts up our ability to get the ball.", "\n\n“I’d like to think our scoring is a result of some of the work we’re doing around the contest and some of the work we’re doing in our defence.”" ]

[ 0.02100840336134454, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0.034482758620689655, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0.009259259259259259, 0, 0, 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0.034482758620689655, 0.020100502512562814, 0.0125, 0.008547008547008548, 0, 0, 0, 0.021897810218978103, 0.03529411764705882, 0.015957446808510637, 0.01020408163265306, 0.007407407407407408, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Character Personality: Before his death, Icon was known the world over as a force for good, having done everything in his power to do what is right for the people of Earth. ", "He believed in the inherent goodness of people, even when they let him down. ", "He never gave up the belief that there is always a better way. ", "He was fiercley to his friends and allies and was always willing to go the extra mile for anyone.", "Origin Info/Details: Scott Morse may seem like a normal guy, but he is anything but. ", "Everything about him is a lie, his parents, his older brother as well as his younger sister. ", "None of it is real. ", "Although they raised him as their son, he isn't. ", "In fact, he isn't even really human. ", "Scott was the result of a secret experiment by an even more secret government agency that mixed alien DNA with that of a human. ", "While he was a baby; he was cared for by a woman named Barbara Hill, who was a member of the top secret government agency. ", "What the objective of this experiment was is unknown. ", "While going about her daily tasks at the project, Dr. Hill learned that the program had been terminated, all evidence was to be destroyed, and the baby known only then as SKT-17 (she affectionately called him \"Scott\") was to be eliminated. ", "Having recently lost her own child due to the actions of a drunk driver who also claimed the life of Dr. Hill's husband, she could not stand the thought that this child who she began to see as her own, could be killed. ", "She stole the child from the laboratory which created him, and fled to the north. ", "She gave the child to a trusted friend, Jacob Morse and his young bride Elizabeth. ", "Soon after, Dr. Hill was tracked down by agents of the government unit and killed. ", "Jacob and Elizabeth took the young baby, and continued calling him Scott as they felt that there would be no need to change his name, seeing as that is what Dr. Hill had called him his whole life.", "\n\nScott was raised by the Morse's as one of their own children. ", "He always knew that he was different, that he had these abilities, but he never understood why. ", "As his powers developed throughout his childhood, he became increasingly confused and angry. ", "This was a cause for concern for his parents, because they never understood exactly why their son was this way. ", "Eventually he learned to deal with his gifts. ", "At first he used his gifts for selfish reasons, often profiting from using them dishonestly (mostly in athletic bets). ", "However, after an incident which left his brother crippled, he began using his abilities to help people. ", "He went on to Lost Haven University graduating with a dual degree in history and education, and went on to be one of the more popular teachers at Lost Haven's Sherman High School. ", "It was soon after his arrival in Lost Haven that he would take up the mantle of Icon, and would become one of the world's greatest heroes. ", "After Thwarting an alien invasion along side a ragtag group of heroes, he would form the Superhero team known as The Guardians. ", "However, the public's trust of the new team faltered with the help of the government organization known as S.T.R.I.K.E and its director, Alexander Anderson, who had staged several \"meta human attacks\" across the city, which led in the director consolidating his power. ", "Eventually, the director was taken down by Isaac Fontaine, aka The Vigilante, but not before he had released his failsafe upon the city, a genetically engineered monster known as Endgame. ", "Icon was able to stop the beast after a long battle that destroyed entire blocks of the city, causing billions of dollars in damage and cost the lives of dozens of citizens. ", "However, his victory came at a price, as Icon himself died soon after due to injuries that he sustained in the battle.", "\n\nHero Type: Muscle\n\nPower Level :World Level\n\nPowers: Flight, near invulnerability, super strength, super speed, able to fire \"hot\" kinetic blasts from his hands, and an almost radar sense that allows him to focus in on people in distress, enhanced hearing, and the ability to fire focused energy beams of varying degrees from his eyes (optic blasts).", "\n\nAttributes :\n\nStrength Level: 100 tons\n\nSpeed/Reaction Timing Level: 100 MPH, or faster in flight\n\nEndurance at MAXIMUM Effort: 4 hoursAgility: 10X Human level.", "\n\nIntelligence: Average\n\nFighting Skill: Untrained\n\nResources: Average\n\nWeaknesses : While nearly invulnerable, will succumb to enough punishment. ", "Does get overconfident in his abilities. ", "Is susceptible to mind control\n\nSample PostIcon lay on the pavement as Endgame hovered above the city. ", "The creature closed his eyes and concentrated, and in a matter of moments the sky behind him began to twist and churn. ", "Endgame focused his energies and something that could only be described as a tear in the very fabric of reality opened behind him. ", "The tear began to extend and take form, looking more and more like a large wormhole in the sky. ", "The sky continued churning as a massive amount of lightening like energy began pouring from the hole.", "\n\nIcon forced himself to his feet and was about to go after Endgame when he felt a hand on his shoulder. ", "He turned and found himself looking into the eyes of Starlight, who was joined by Michael, Flux and Piston. ", "There was no mistaking the looks on their faces...Icon had gone through hell to stop Endgame, and up to that point he had been unsuccessful.", "\n\n\"Get out of my way.\" ", "Icon said to his friends as he looked up to the sky where Endgame continued to conjure his hellish maelstrom.", "\n\n\"You've done you're part Icon, let us handle the rest.\" ", "Piston said.", "\n\n\"You need to rest, we can finish this.\" ", "Michael urged him.", "\n\n\"No, I have to see this through. ", "Kayla...if anything happens to me...make sure you tell Keira that I love her.\" ", "He said clutching his stomach, noting the fear in Starlight's eyes as she say the blood pouring from the wound.", "\"I will.\" ", "She said in little more than a whisper.", "\n\nWith that Icon took to the skies racing toward Endgame. ", "He dug down deep and unleashed another barrage of a sustained optic blast, hammering the creature with everything that he had. ", "As Icon pressed his attack, Endgame roared in anger and frustration even as he returned fire with an optic blast of his own.", "\n\n\"Why won't you die?\" ", "Endgame cried as Icon closed in on him.", "\n\nAs Icon approached Endgame, the energy from within the wormhole extended outward, enveloping Icon, each bolt assaulting him with the power of ten lightening strikes. ", "Yet still he pushed toward the creature responsible for so much destruction. ", "Icon continued assaulting the creature with an optic blast as he got into arm's length of him. ", "Endgame swung wildly, but Icon drove both his fists into the creature's chest knocking him backward. ", "Endgame let out a gutteral growl as the suction of the wormhole began pulling at him, drawing him closer to oblivion.", "\n\n\"You've caused so much death and destruction, and for what?\" ", "Icon shouts, his voice barely audible over the maelstrom.", "\n\n\"I'm drawing the line right now, this ends now Endgame! ", "I'm putting an end to you here and now!\" ", "He said as he hammered Endgame with a thunderous right hand that sent the creature through the wormhole. ", "There was a massive blast of energy from within the rift, and then it collapsed in on itself.", "\n\nWith the wormhole closed, Icon finally had no more to give. ", "He closed his eyes and began to fall back toward the earth. ", "As he fell, a million things ran through his mind. ", "He thought of his friends, particularly Eric and how over the years he had kept the secret of his dual identity. ", "He thought about Keira, and how since Lisa died during the invasion, she had kept him grounded...and more importantly he thought of how much he had grown to love her.", "\n\nHe thought of his family, and how they had stood by him even though he had made mistakes along the way. ", "He thought of his sister Jenny, and how much he missed her...and he thought of his brother Brandon, and how the rift between them had bothered him for so long...and he regretted that he had never been able to put things right between them.", "\n\n***\n\nStarlight and the others watched in horror as they watched Icon fall from the sky. ", "Starlight had expected him to alter his course and soar over the city like he has done so many times, but he did not. ", "Instead, he continued falling until he crash landed the length of several football fields away. ", "They raced over to where he landed, and found him laying unnaturally still inside of the massive crater that had been created upon impact. ", "Starlight looked down at the man who had become her friend in total shock. ", "She never thought that she would see the day when he looked so vulnerable.", "\n\nShe raced to his side, and kneeling beside him she cradled his head in her arms. ", "As she held him, she was shocked by the amount of blood that he had lost. ", "His shredded blue and sliver costume had turned crimson due to the blood that was oozing from his stomach wound.", "\n\n\"Oh Scott...\" She started, unable to finish her thought.", "\n\n\"I...I did it. ", "I stopped him.\" ", "Icon said weakly, barely more than a whisper.", "\n\n\"You did, you did good Scott.\" ", "She said as the tears streamed down her face.", "\n\nAs he lay cradled in her arms, he took a pair of deep breaths and then his body finally gave in to succumbed to his injuries. ", "His head rolled back slightly and then his body relaxed.", "\n\nNone of them had ever thought that anything bad could really happen to him, he was their leader, their friend. ", "But above all, he was Icon, the best among them. ", "But now he was gone, cut down while protecting not only the city that he loved, but the entire world. ", "If there was one thing that they knew, it was that with his passing, they did not know what would come next, but they knew that nothing would ever be the same.", "\n\n***\n\nSix Months Later....\n\nLike a gust of wind, Blackwind appeared behind his followers as they stood before the open casket. ", "A cold chill washed over the tomb announcing his presence as he stepped toward the casket.", "\n\n\"Is everything ready?\" ", "He asks as he looks into the casket, an evil smirk crossing his face.", "\n\n\"It is my lord.\"", "\n\n\"Ironic, isn't it?\"", "\n\n\"What is that, Lord?\"", "\n\n\"For years, he fought against me, doing everything he could to keep me confined in my prison, and now...it is because of him that I am able finally return to this world and reshape it I see fit.\"", "\n\nWith that, Blackwind reached into the casket, touching the corpse and was immediately hit with an erruption of light that emminated from inside the casket. ", "Soon, he was engulfed in a raging torrent of wind and flame which seemed to fill the entire tomb, yet burned no one. ", "It was a sight like none other, for even the man known as Forsaken seemed shaken by what was transpiring, and truth be told might have even felt the slightest tinge of panic had his cybernetic soul allowed it.", "\n\nWhen the wind and flame died down, they stood before Him...their dark lord made flesh. ", "He was hunched over slightly as his senses cleared. ", "As he felt the cold stone beneath his feet, he stood up straight, and took his first steps on this earth in millenia.", "\n\n\"Finally...I am free.\" ", "He said, his voice rumbling in his chest.", "\n\n\"I told you My Lord, we would not fail you.\"", "\n\n\"Indeed you did, and soon...you will stand at my side as we bring this pitiful world into a golden age...but first, I must rest. ", "Escaping that infernal prison has made me weak. ", "When I am at full strength, we shall take this planet as our own...and anyone who would dare oppose us will be ground to dust beneath or heels.\"", "\n\nAs Blackwind and his followers left Icon's tomb, they they did not notice the tiniest movement coming from within the casket, the twitch of a finger, or the subtle movement of the fallen hero's chest as air once again raced into his lungs.", "\n\nCharacter Personality: Before his death, Icon was known the world over as a force for good, having done everything in his power to do what is right for the people of Earth. ", "He believed in the inherent goodness of people, even when they let him down. ", "He never gave up the belief that there is always a better way. ", "He was fiercley to his friends and allies and was always willing to go the extra mile for anyone.", "Origin Info/Details: Scott Morse may seem like a normal guy, but he is anything but. ", "Everything about him is a lie, his parents, his older brother as well as his younger sister. ", "None of it is real. ", "Although they raised him as their son, he isn't. ", "In fact, he isn't even really human. ", "Scott was the result of a secret experiment by an even more secret government agency that mixed alien DNA with that of a human. ", "While he was a baby; he was cared for by a woman named Barbara Hill, who was a member of the top secret government agency. ", "What the objective of this experiment was is unknown. ", "While going about her daily tasks at the project, Dr. Hill learned that the program had been terminated, all evidence was to be destroyed, and the baby known only then as SKT-17 (she affectionately called him \"Scott\") was to be eliminated. ", "Having recently lost her own child due to the actions of a drunk driver who also claimed the life of Dr. Hill's husband, she could not stand the thought that this child who she began to see as her own, could be killed. ", "She stole the child from the laboratory which created him, and fled to the north. ", "She gave the child to a trusted friend, Jacob Morse and his young bride Elizabeth. ", "Soon after, Dr. Hill was tracked down by agents of the government unit and killed. ", "Jacob and Elizabeth took the young baby, and continued calling him Scott as they felt that there would be no need to change his name, seeing as that is what Dr. Hill had called him his whole life.", "\n\nScott was raised by the Morse's as one of their own children. ", "He always knew that he was different, that he had these abilities, but he never understood why. ", "As his powers developed throughout his childhood, he became increasingly confused and angry. ", "This was a cause for concern for his parents, because they never understood exactly why their son was this way. ", "Eventually he learned to deal with his gifts. ", "At first he used his gifts for selfish reasons, often profiting from using them dishonestly (mostly in athletic bets). ", "However, after an incident which left his brother crippled, he began using his abilities to help people. ", "He went on to Lost Haven University graduating with a dual degree in history and education, and went on to be one of the more popular teachers at Lost Haven's Sherman High School. ", "It was soon after his arrival in Lost Haven that he would take up the mantle of Icon, and would become one of the world's greatest heroes. ", "After Thwarting an alien invasion along side a ragtag group of heroes, he would form the Superhero team known as The Guardians. ", "However, the public's trust of the new team faltered with the help of the government organization known as S.T.R.I.K.E and its director, Alexander Anderson, who had staged several \"meta human attacks\" across the city, which led in the director consolidating his power. ", "Eventually, the director was taken down by Isaac Fontaine, aka The Vigilante, but not before he had released his failsafe upon the city, a genetically engineered monster known as Endgame. ", "Icon was able to stop the beast after a long battle that destroyed entire blocks of the city, causing billions of dollars in damage and cost the lives of dozens of citizens. ", "However, his victory came at a price, as Icon himself died soon after due to injuries that he sustained in the battle.", "\n\nHero Type: Muscle\n\nPower Level :World Level\n\nPowers: Flight, near invulnerability, super strength, super speed, able to fire \"hot\" kinetic blasts from his hands, and an almost radar sense that allows him to focus in on people in distress, enhanced hearing, and the ability to fire focused energy beams of varying degrees from his eyes (optic blasts).", "\n\nAttributes :\n\nStrength Level: 100 tons\n\nSpeed/Reaction Timing Level: 100 MPH, or faster in flight\n\nEndurance at MAXIMUM Effort: 4 hoursAgility: 10X Human level.", "\n\nIntelligence: Average\n\nFighting Skill: Untrained\n\nResources: Average\n\nWeaknesses : While nearly invulnerable, will succumb to enough punishment. ", "Does get overconfident in his abilities. ", "Is susceptible to mind control\n\nUnderstand however, that Shape's posts may be occurring further in the future than my own... entirely because of my own slovenly pace.", "\n\nMy posts are still occurring within 24 hours of the start of the season. ", "Now THAT is decompression!", "\n\n__________________\n[/JOKE]\n\n16,18, not much difference mentally or physically. ", "It's a number over there. ", "Here however it's the difference between mid life crisis with hot chicks with daddy issues and pound me in the ass prison. - ", "Anubis\n\nMore Anubis' greatest hits:\n\"Families are Gods way of teaching us to get along with people we don't particularly like.\"", "\n\nAnd because I'm such a monumental c**t I'll follow up that emotional post which gave us life and renewed hope, with death and failure.", "\n\n__________________\n[/JOKE]\n\n16,18, not much difference mentally or physically. ", "It's a number over there. ", "Here however it's the difference between mid life crisis with hot chicks with daddy issues and pound me in the ass prison. - ", "Anubis\n\nMore Anubis' greatest hits:\n\"Families are Gods way of teaching us to get along with people we don't particularly like.\"", "\n\nHave been chipping away on a post in another of the RPGs for... a shamefully long period of time (and have scrapped my efforts and started over more times than I'm comfortable admitting) but I intend to spend tomorrow getting us one post closer to wrapping up this damned zombie solo arc.", "\n\nShould only be one or two posts left to it anyway.", "\n\n__________________\n[/JOKE]\n\n16,18, not much difference mentally or physically. ", "It's a number over there. ", "Here however it's the difference between mid life crisis with hot chicks with daddy issues and pound me in the ass prison. - ", "Anubis\n\nMore Anubis' greatest hits:\n\"Families are Gods way of teaching us to get along with people we don't particularly like.\"", "\n\nI have finals this week so I may not be all that active as far as posting goes. ", "I was going to try to get something up over the weekend, but I haven't been in much of a posting mood since the school shooting in Ct (which is relatively close to me. ", "I'll probably have something up by the end of the week\n\nMy Christmas Die Hard is coming, so hopefully that'll inspire me to wrap this thing up... or at least get close to it.", "\n\n__________________\n[/JOKE]\n\n16,18, not much difference mentally or physically. ", "It's a number over there. ", "Here however it's the difference between mid life crisis with hot chicks with daddy issues and pound me in the ass prison. - ", "Anubis\n\nMore Anubis' greatest hits:\n\"Families are Gods way of teaching us to get along with people we don't particularly like.\"", "\n\nPlanned to get apost up yesterday, and then again today but I ended up getting a alittle sick, and then had to work today. ", "I sat down to post tonight and I'm actually falling asleep while I'm sitting here. ", "I'll get one up tomorrow though\n\nAs I'm sure you've noticed, this game is not active at all. ", "It is true the this has traditionally been a slower moving game, however there have always been a number of players to get into the game to keep it moving. ", "Sadly, that doesn't seem to be the case anymore.", "\n\nHound and I have been talking, and we came up with an idea to hopefully get some new players involved. ", "Basically, we're going to come up with a clear jumping on point for new players to enter the game. ", "I'll paste Hound's idea here...\n\nWas thinking, maybe I should wrap up the arc I'm currently doing. ", "We give MST3K time to wrap up his arc since we've caught him in the middle of an arc and then (presuming Shape wouldn't mind since I haven't discussed anything with him yet) he could write summaries of events from the earlier seasons. ", "I could do the same with the later ones (so I'm not burying him in a ton of work without carrying any load myself) and then re-start at a good clear jumping on point for everybody.", "\n\nI'm loathe to just bin all of the work that everyone's done since more than any other RPG the CAH is the total sum of its posters' creativity. ", "I wouldn't say never, but I'd rather try other avenues before going with a full re-boot. ", "Hopefully if we can give people enough clear information into continuity it'll be easier to jump on board. ", "Make it less intimidating. ", "Easier to follow along.", "\n\nOnce we have a clear jumping on point, I might try something that I had a shot at earlier (if Shape approves), in page-in-a-post summaries. ", "If this works out how I'm seeing it, it'll mean we can get 4 seasons (maybe 3 and a half is closer to the point so far) of the RPG down to about 2 or 4 posts and then from that each page down to an individual post.", "\n\nAnother thing we've been discussing is moving the game to another, more active RPG board. ", "This would be a fresh restart, basically a whole new game. ", "We'll be using the same format as here, and even the same apps. ", "You guys will be able to bring your characters over to the new game.", "\n\nEven if we move to a new board, I'd try to keep this game running until the end of the season, and then just keep going from the new board.", "\n\nBut I wanted to get your thoughts first.", "\n\nI think moving to a new board might be our best option, as it looks like the basement is about dead. ", "Other games have already been moving and they seem to be going alright. ", "We do have a board, which we'll post the link to when the time comes.", "\n\nHey guys, just to let you know, Hound and I have decided to move this game over to another site. ", "The new site is much more active and we have a lot of new players over there. ", "The game has been rebooted from scratch, but some of the old standby's are there, Icon, Kensei, Vigilante and Blacklight.", "\nHere's the OOC thread for the new game if you're interested. ", "http://roleplayerguild.com/showthrea...ate-A-Hero-OOC" ]

[ 0.005780346820809248, 0, 0, 0, 0.023529411764705882, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.004166666666666667, 0.0045662100456621, 0, 0.024096385542168676, 0.012048192771084338, 0.015306122448979591, 0.015625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.007194244604316547, 0.015625, 0.011152416356877323, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0.007142857142857143, 0, 0.009174311926605505, 0.017241379310344827, 0.08333333333333333, 0, 0.05555555555555555, 0, 0, 0.009009009009009009, 0, 0, 0.017241379310344827, 0, 0.008064516129032258, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0.011904761904761904, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0, 0.017543859649122806, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0, 0, 0.008849557522123894, 0.006024096385542169, 0, 0.008368200836820083, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.022222222222222223, 0.030303030303030304, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0, 0, 0.0078125, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004784688995215311, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004149377593360996, 0.005714285714285714, 0, 0, 0, 0.023529411764705882, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.004166666666666667, 0.0045662100456621, 0, 0.024096385542168676, 0.012048192771084338, 0.015306122448979591, 0.015625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.016666666666666666, 0.007194244604316547, 0.015625, 0.011152416356877323, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0.006172839506172839, 0, 0, 0.006024096385542169, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0.005952380952380952, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0, 0.010752688172043012, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00425531914893617, 0, 0.013793103448275862, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007042253521126761, 0.004672897196261682, 0.010869565217391304, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.010101010101010102, 0, 0.01652892561983471, 0, 0.018867924528301886 ]

[ "In der Provinz Maraş (kurd. ", "Gurgum) hat ein nationalistischer Mob Häuser und Geschäfte von Syrern angegriffen. ", "Sowohl im Zentrum der gleichnamigen Provinzhauptstadt als auch im Landkreis Elbistan in der Fußgängerzone Malatya Caddesi wurden Dutzende Wohn- und Geschäftsgebäude von syrischen Flüchtlingen und Migrant*innen attackiert und teilweise zerstört. ", "Beteiligte Angreifer brachten türkische Fahnen an den Geschäften an.", "\n\nWie die Nachrichtenagentur ETHA (Etkin Haber Ajansı) berichtet, sollen mehrere syrischstämmige Menschen teilweise schwer verletzt worden sein. ", "Genaue Zahlen und Informationen über den Zustand der Verletzten liegen nicht vor. ", "In der Türkei macht sich eine Pogromstimmung breit, die von den Behörden und Regierungsmedien ignoriert wird.", "\n\nMaraş'ın Elbistan ilçesinde faşistler, Suriyeli mültecilerin evlerine saldırdı. ", "pic.twitter.com/NuFXKylK2f — ETHA (@etkinhaberetha) March 1, 2020\n\nVergangenen Juli war ein türkischer Lynchmob im Istanbuler Vorort Küçükçekmece durch die Straßen gezogen und hatte syrische Geschäfte zertrümmert. ", "Die Behörden reagierten mit einer Ausweisung von Syrer*innen ohne Aufenthaltsgenehmigung in andere Gebiete der Türkei. ", "Im September griff eine aufgebrachte Menschenmenge syrische Geschäfte in Adana-Seyhan an. ", "Vorangegangen war ein Gerücht über den sexuellen Missbrauch eines Kindes durch einen syrischen Flüchtling.", "\n\nStimmung in Maraş weckt Erinnerungen an Pogrom von 1978\n\nAuch in Maraş befürchten Bewohner*innen und Menschenrechtler*innen wieder ein Pogrom. ", "Viele Menschen können sich nur zu gut an das Massaker vor 41 Jahren erinnern. ", "Am 19. ", "Dezember 1978 sollte in Maraş im Çiçek-Kino der Film „Zeynel und Veysel“ vorgestellt werden. ", "Kurz zuvor wurde der Film „auf Wunsch“ ausgetauscht und das extrem-nationalistische Machwerk „Wann geht die Sonne auf“ gezeigt. ", "Der antikommunistische Streifen dreht sich in extrem türkisch-nationalistischer Weise um den Kampf der „Türken“ auf der Krim gegen Russland. ", "In der damals linken Hochburg Maraş detonierte während der Filmvorführung eine Schockgranate. ", "Die Granate, die niemanden verletzte, bot den Vorwand und Auftakt für den Mord an Hunderten kurdisch-alevitischen Männern, Frauen und Kindern.", "\n\nNach offiziellen Angaben wurden beim Pogrom von Maraş 111 Personen getötet. ", "Inoffizielle Quellen halten eine Zahl von 500 Ermordeten durchaus für möglich und kritisieren die niedrigen offiziellen Angaben. ", "Es wurden mehr als 200 Häuser und etwa 70 Läden zerstört. ", "Am 26. ", "Dezember 1978 lebte kein einziger Alevit mehr in der Stadt. ", "Die Überlebenden waren aus der Stadt geflohen." ]

[ 0.07142857142857142, 0.03614457831325301, 0.02857142857142857, 0.014705882352941176, 0.013793103448275862, 0.036585365853658534, 0.03669724770642202, 0, 0.02336448598130841, 0.01680672268907563, 0.011111111111111112, 0.018867924528301886, 0.020689655172413793, 0, 0, 0.043010752688172046, 0.0390625, 0.028368794326241134, 0.031914893617021274, 0.007042253521126761, 0.038461538461538464, 0.023255813953488372, 0.034482758620689655, 0, 0.03333333333333333, 0.021739130434782608 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a vehicle differential gear having a mechanism to lock a differential operation (differential lock).", "\n2. ", "Description of Background Art\nA differential gear is a device to absorb a difference in the number of revolutions between left and right driving wheels upon turning of a vehicle to allocate driving torque to the respective driving wheels while generating a number of revolutions corresponding to the respective vehicle wheels.", "\nSome differential gears have a mechanism to lock a differential operation (differential lock). ", "The differential lock temporarily stops a differential operation of the differential gear to uniformly transmit driving torque to left and right wheels unconditionally. ", "The differential lock typically functions when one of the left and right wheels slips on a road with a small friction coefficient such as a sloppy road and the vehicle cannot escape. ", "In a four-wheel vehicle, a vehicle operating on uneven land and the like, the differential lock is often adopted as a differential gear with a limited-slip differential mechanism. ", "For example, JP-A No. ", "2008-267561 discloses a differential gear having a limited slip differential mechanism and a differential lock.", "\nIn a differential gear with a differential lock as disclosed in the JP-A No. ", "2008-267561, when the vehicle enters a differential lock status during high speed operation, as a heavy load is applied on the lock mechanism, it is necessary to fortify the lock mechanism. ", "This enlarges the entire device and increases the weight." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of Invention\nThis invention relates to an air volume regulator, more specifically to an improved “airflow powered” air volume regulator as used to control the flow of conditioned air in the ductwork of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, clean rooms or fume hood systems.", "\n2. ", "Background of the Invention\nIn HVAC systems, air is supplied from a central air conditioning system to several outlet devices such as grilles and diffusers in the rooms or spaces being conditioned. ", "Once a HVAC system is installed, the airflow through the ductwork system must be adjusted or balanced. ", "This insures that each room or space obtains the specified volumes of conditioned air from the central system. ", "In its simplest form, this can be done by using manually adjustable dampers. ", "They are placed within the supply air and return air ductwork to reduce the airflow in areas where it exceeds the specified amount. ", "There is an inherent problem with this method. ", "When one damper is adjusted, the pressure level throughout the ductwork system will change. ", "Any change in the ductwork system pressure will affect the flow or air past every other damper including the previously adjusted dampers. ", "On large systems, it quickly becomes impractical to attempt to balance the ductwork system using dampers alone. ", "To solve this problem, air volume regulators are added. ", "They are designed to limit the supply of conditioned air to the desired amount and this, irregardless of the pressure at their inlet. ", "Also, once calibrated, the airflow is not affected by subsequent variations in system pressure. ", "The accepted industry standard airflow variation is +/−5% of the specified airflow volume (4.7 L/s below 94 L/s or 10 cfm below 200 cfm) over the airflow regulator's pressure range.", "\nFurthermore, heating, cooling and ventilating loads in a room or space vary in time. ", "It has become common practice to stabilize the temperature of the rooms or spaces by: (a) varying the volume of conditioned air supplied to each room or space or (b) using heating coils downstream from the air volume regulator to heat the volume of cool conditioned air being supplied to the room or space or (c) using a dual ductwork layout for the HVAC system known as dual-duct system: one supplying hot air, the second supplying cool air and a mixing valve upstream of the air volume regulator or (d) using combinations of the above. ", " \nAir volume regulators fall into one of two general groups based on the source of energy that is used to drive them: “airflow powered” and “externally powered”.", "\n“Airflow powered” air volume regulators function using the energy of the air flowing in the ductwork system. ", "This source of energy is in the form of air static pressure and air velocity pressure (called dynamic pressure). ", "The scope of this invention is limited to improved “airflow powered” air volume regulators.", "\nBriefly, “externally powered” air volume regulators operate using an external energy source such as pneumatic pressure or electricity. ", "They require an airflow sensor, a signal amplifier, an actuator and an adjustable airflow restricting device or damper to regulate the flow of air.", "\nAs mentioned above, the energy source used to drive the “airflow powered” air volume regulator comes from two types of pressure present in HVAC systems: static pressure and dynamic pressure. ", "The static pressure induces the movement of the air through the ductwork towards the outlets while the dynamic or velocity pressure is generated by the movement of the air at a given point within the ductwork. ", "The higher the air velocity the greater the dynamic pressure.", "\nThe flow of air through the ductwork of an HVAC system is governed by the following basic formulas:\nNo. ", "1: The relationship between air velocity and dynamic pressure is given by the followingPd=Dynamic Pressure=Constant×(Va)2 \nNo. ", "2: The sum of the static pressure and dynamic pressure is called the total pressure:Pt=Ps+Pd \nNo. ", "3: The airflow rate is equal to the air velocity times the area of the duct cross section.", "Qa=Va×Aduct where Qa=Air volume rate Va=air velocity Aduct=area of the duct cross section \nA conclusion of formula no. ", "2 is that, under the idealized conditions of constant total pressure (i.e. no losses due to friction and turbulence), the static pressure and dynamic pressure can be converted from one to the other. ", "A decrease of one entails an equal increase of the other.", "\nA conclusion of formula no. ", "3 is that, for a constant volume flow, an increase in the duct cross section entails a proportional decrease in the air velocity. ", "Conversely, a decrease in the duct cross-section entails a proportional increase in the air velocity.", "\nCombining the 3 formulas, we can conclude that, for a constant total pressure (i.e. no losses due to friction and turbulence): an increase in the duct cross section means a decrease in dynamic pressure (associated with a decrease in air velocity) an equal increase in static pressure. ", "This is known as “static regain”. ", " a decrease in the duct cross section means an increase in dynamic pressure (again associated to the air velocity) and an equal decrease in static pressure. ", " \n3. ", "Background of the Invention—Discussion of Prior Art\nA—INTERACTION WITH THE HVAC SYSTEM\nAs stated above, an air volume regulator is required when the airflow rate in the ductwork system exceed the desired amount. ", "This happens when more static pressure is present in the air duct than is required to move the air to the outlet devices. ", "Although all air volume regulators inherently create a pressure loss due to air friction and air turbulence as the air flows through them, prior art “airflow powered” air volume regulator also requires some amount of pressure to drive the flow control means. ", "The sum of these pressure losses is called the regulator minimum static pressure. ", "Under most conditions, this extra control pressure required to drive the flow control means is of little consequence. ", "Excess pressure is usually present at the inlet of the air volume regulator. ", "In the cases where the air volume regulator is installed in a area with little or no excess static pressure (i.e. at the far limits of the central air distribution system), the control pressure requirement may be greater than the available excess pressure. ", "Consequently, the air volume regulator will be incapable of controlling the airflow and the desired airflow rate will not be attained. ", "Thus a desirable characteristics of an air volume regulator is that it have a negligible pressure loss due to air friction and turbulence and more important still, require virtually no static pressure to bring the flow of air under control. ", "Although many forms of prior art have been proposed, none have met this challenge.", "\nB—OPERATION\nAn air volume regulator functions by varying its internal airflow passageway(s) so as to maintain a substantially constant airflow rate. ", "In “airflow powered” air volume regulators, the air pressure and velocity drive some form of airflow restricting means. ", "A spring is then used to counterbalance the forces acting on the restricting means (called the counterbalance spring).", "\nThe graph in FIG. ", "1 shows, for a constant flow of air, the variation in the cross sectional area of the narrowest portion or throat of the airflow passageway as the static pressure differential across the air volume regulator increases from 25 pascals to 1000 pascals (0.1″ to 4″ w.g).", "\nThe graph in FIG. ", "1 is derived from the following: (a) with the throat open to its maximum, the static pressure drop is 25 pascals (0.1″ w.g.); ", "this pressure is mainly to drive the flow control means and frictional loses due to turbulence, (b) the variation in the area of the throat is inversely proportional to the air velocity at the throat, i.e. if the velocity goes up, the area must go down proportionally, a corollary of formula 3 above, (c) the static pressure differential or static pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the air passageway is substantially converted to dynamic pressure in the throat of the passageway. ", "This assumes that the total pressure remains substantially constant (negligible loses due to friction or turbulence) (d) in the throat, the static pressure drop is proportional to the square of velocity at that point (the drop in static pressure is totally converted to dynamic pressure) i.e. if the static pressure drop doubles, the velocity in the throat will quadruple. ", " \nCombining the three previous statements, an exponential equation is obtained:\n Area = constant static  pressure  drop where the constant depends on the air volume regulator design. ", " \nFIG. ", "1 is a graph of this exponential equation. ", "The cross-sectional area of the throat must drop quickly as the pressure differential rises. ", "It then starts to level off to a point were very little reduction of the throat is required to control the airflow (approximately 500 pascals or 2″ w.g.). ", "Also, as the pressure differential rises from 25 pascals to 125 pascals (0.1″ to 0.5″ w.g.), ", "the area of the throat must be reduced by over 50%. ", "Furthermore, since the air volume regulator contains moving parts, mechanical friction is present and this inhibits the reduction of the throat. ", "Thus to operate reliably, the airflow regulator must be capable of initiating and maintaining control of the airflow using and/or amplifying the very low forces generated by these low pressures. ", "I have found no prior art that proposes an “airflow powered” air volume regulator with this latter capability.", "\nThe sum of all mechanical friction in an airflow regulator generates an adverse effect on its operation. ", "This can be visualized by drawing an hysteresis graph: a graph is plotted of the airflow rate versus inlet pressure as the pressure is slowly increased up to the upper limit of the airflow regulator's pressure range then, on the same graph, is plotted the airflow rate versus inlet pressure as the pressure is slowly decreased down to the lower limit of the pressure range. ", "The two curves do not coincide with one another. ", "The reason for this is that as the pressure increases, the air velocity increases and the airflow regulator tends to reduce the airflow passageways so as to maintain the specified airflow rate. ", "But mechanical friction within it tends to resist this reduction and the correct passageway size is not attained. ", "The airflow passageways are consequently a little to wide and thus the airflow rate will be slightly above the specified airflow rate. ", "Conversely, as the pressure decreases from the upper limit of the pressure range, the air velocity decreases and the airflow regulator tends to increase the airflow passageways so as to maintain the desired airflow rate. ", "Again mechanical friction within it tends to resist this increase. ", "The airflow passageways are consequently a little to narrow and thus the airflow rate will be slightly below the specified airflow rate. ", "The more mechanical friction is found in an airflow regulator, the greater the difference between the specified airflow rate and the actual airflow rate. ", "As outlined above, this difference must not exceed 5% of the specified airflow rate.", "\nIn practice, attempts made in commercially available prior art to reduce the regulator minimum static pressure below 100 pascals (0.3″ w.g.) ", "for “airflow powered” units have been unsuccessful. ", "In referring to U.S. Patents such as 3,049,146 to Hayes (1962), 2,890,716 to Werder (1959), 3,338,265 to Kennedy (1967) and 4,009,826 to Walker (1977), forcing the airflow to pass through perforated screens has a particularly adverse effect on the regulator minimum static pressure (this generates high airflow friction and turbulence losses). ", "As mentioned above, particular attention must be paid to mechanical friction in the moving parts of the air volume regulator. ", "All prior art embodiments using components sliding on shafts encounter, over time, binding of some kind when dirt particles get lodged in the sliding bearing. ", "This is the case with U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,204,664 to Gorchev et al. (", "1965), 3,763,884 to Grassi et al. (", "1973), 3,958,605 to Nishizu et al. (", "1976) and 4,009,826 to Walker (1977). ", "Adding lubricant does not improve this inconvenience since again, over time, the lubricant attracts dirt particles to form a abrasive paste that resists movement.", "\nC—COUNTERBALANCE SPRING\nThe air volume regulator should include a means to easily vary the desired airflow rate's setpoint at will once installed in the ductwork system. ", "This is made necessary by changing conditions such as occupancy of the areas, insolation and outside temperature. ", "It is common practice to add an optional actuator to adjust the setpoint mechanism and control it remotely. ", "As noted above, a spring is used to counterbalance the forces acting on the flow restricting means. ", "As stated in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,306,585 to Manos (1981), 4,009,826 to Walker (1977), 3,958,605 to Nishizu (1976), 3,942,552 and 3,939,868 to Logsdon (1976), 3,763,884 to Grassi et al. (", "1973), 3,565,105 to Murakami (1971) and 3,037,528 to Baars et al. (", "1962), varying the initial load of the counterbalance spring by adjusting the initial spring deflection is only effective for small variations in the airflow setpoint. ", "As stated in these patents, the spring quickly become either to stiff or to soft and the air volume regulator ceases to adequately control the airflow. ", "Although not stated in the following patents, I also believe this to be true for U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,633,900 to Suzuki (1987), 3,967,642 to Logsdon (1976), 3,433,410 to Warren (1969), the embodiment in FIG. ", "7 of 3,276,480 to Kennedy (1966), 3,204,664 to Gorchev et al. (", "1965), 3,049,146 to Hayes (1962) and 2,890,716 to Werder (1959). ", "Thus for a particular air volume regulator at a given flow rate corresponds a spring stiffness known as its spring rate or spring constant and is defined as the force generated divided by the spring deflection. ", "In general terms, the spring rate is the “force-displacement” characteristic of the spring. ", "To vary the airflow setpoint requires that the spring stiffness be varied or several springs be used over the operating range of the regulator. ", "As shown in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,009,826 to Walker (1977), 3,939,868 (1976) and 3,942,552 (1976) to Logsdon and my own U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,130,132 (1978), relatively complex mechanisms are proposed to vary the spring stiffness.", "\nD—ACTUATORS\nAs mentioned above, an actuator may be used to action the flow rate setpoint mechanism. ", "The control signal to the actuator is generally supplied by a thermostat. ", "Actuators may be either pneumatic or electric driven. ", "But pneumatic actuators can be a problem when the flow restricting forces applied to the counterbalance spring are also carried by the actuator. ", "Pneumatic actuators have an inherent load dependant stroke or travel due to the compressibility of the air pushing the actuator's piston. ", "Since the flow restricting forces vary in time due to changes in the static pressure upstream from the air volume regulator, so does the load on the counterbalance spring and thus the actuator. ", "The pneumatic actuator's piston will move or slip under the varying load with the ensuing unjustified change in the flow rate setpoint. ", "This phenomena is clearly outlined in the report “Factors that work to defeat the application of the “spring and cone” type valves in laboratory and other precision airflow systems” by Swiki A. Anderson, Ph.D., P. E., (Swiki Anderson & Associates, Inc. 1516 Shiloh Avenue, Bryan, Tex. ", "77803). ", "The thermostat will sense a variation in the temperature of the room caused by the change in the flow rate and adjust the pressure to the pneumatic actuator to rectify the unjustified change and its ensuing discomfort to the occupants. ", "This is the case in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,633,900 to Suzuki (1987), 4,175,583 to Finkelstein et al. (", "1979), 3,958,605 to Nishizu et al. (", "1976), 3,942,552 to Logsdon (1976), 3,204,664 to Gorchev (1965) and my own U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,130,132 (1978).", "\nFurther concerns involving the actuator are: To facilitate field servicing and repairs, the actuator should not be situated inside the air volume regulator or its housing such as U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,976,244, 3,942,552 and 3,939,868 to Logsdon (1976) and my own U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,130,132 (1978) Its replacement should not affect the calibration of the air volume regulator such as my own U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,130,132 (1978).E—ZERO FLOW \nWhen an actuator is used to vary the flow rate set point and under certain conditions, it is common practice in HVAC systems to restrict the flow completely (substantially zero flow is the accepted industry standard leakage of 2% of the maximum airflow capacity at the maximum operating pressure of the regulator). ", "The flow restricting means must then be able to block the flow of air through the air volume regulator. ", "In prior art, this is not possible with U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,958,605 to Nishizu et al. (", "1976), U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,009,826 to Walker (1977) or U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,633,900 to Suzuki (1987) because of leakage at edges of the flow restricting plates. ", "Furthermore, this is not possible with U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,942,552 or 3,939,868 to Logsdon (1976) because the counterbalance spring never totally releases the flow restricting means or with U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,009,826 to Walker (1977) and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,204,664 to Gorchev (1965) because of leakage at the edges of their sliding flow restrictors.", "\nF—PULSATION\nA phenomena that is well known in prior art and unique to “airflow powered” air volume regulators is their propensity to flutter, oscillate or pulsate when the air stream at their inlet is unstable. ", "This inherent characteristic is due to the use of a spring to counterbalance the airflow restricting forces within the air volume regulator. ", "Variations in the pressure upstream from the air volume regulator caused by turbulence or other instabilities can induce pressure pulses that travel down the ductwork to the air volume regulator. ", "These fluctuations induce a rapid rise and fall in pressure usually lasting less than a second. ", "If the amplitude of the pressure pulse is significant, the air volume regulator will react rapidly to constrict the airflow passage on sensing the rise in pressure then open the airflow passage on sensing the drop in pressure. ", "But the inertia of the apparatus is such that the air volume regulator will tend to be out of phase with the quick change in pressure: over-constricting the airflow passage as the pressure starts to return to normal or under-constricting the airflow passage once the pressure has returned to its initial level. ", "This out of phased reaction sets in motion the pulsation, as the spring-inertia combination oscillates between extremes driven by the energy of the air upstream of the apparatus as a car with defective shock absorbers when it hits a bump in the road. ", "Dampening means must then be included to brake the cycle.", "\nIn prior art, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,276,480 Kennedy (1966) and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,763,884 to Grassi et al. (", "1973) employ dashpots and U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,049,146 to Hayes proposes a wear plate but their inherent friction hinders the airflow tracking of the air volume regulator and creates an unacceptably large hysteresis in its control. ", "It is to be noted again that all mechanical friction within the apparatus prevents it from operating at low pressures. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,204,664 to Gorchev (1965) teaches an air bellows with a flow orifice but the entrapped air is compressible and acts like a spring (air spring). ", "The addition of mass to create inertia such as flywheels is shown in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,060,960 to Waterfill (1962), but this method only lowers the natural frequency of the spring-mass combination: pulsation can still occur but at a lower frequency. ", "The only true dampening that will dissipate the energy is due to the mechanical friction of this device. ", "Under certain condition, I have found that the addition of inertia alone is ineffective.", "\nIn summary, the major drawbacks in prior art “airflow powered” air volume regulators are the following: The minimum static pressure required by the air volume regulator to start controlling the airflow rate is relatively high. ", "The long-felt need for an air volume regulator functioning reliably at pressures at or below 25 pascals (0.1″ w.g.) ", "is unsolved. ", " The means for varying the airflow rate setpoint remain relatively complex, ineffective or in some cases, none existent. ", "In some prior art embodiments, the flow rate set point may “slide” when a pneumatic actuator is employed. ", " Most prior art embodiments cannot attain “zero flow” when an actuator is proposed to vary their flow rate setpoint. ", " They have a propensity to flutter, oscillate or pulsate when the airstream at their inlet is unstable. ", "Dampening means are proposed but either generate excessive mechanical friction or, under certain conditions, are ineffective. ", " " ]

[ 0, 0.0033444816053511705, 0, 0.005050505050505051, 0.009708737864077669, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0017421602787456446, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.005208333333333333, 0, 0, 0.009523809523809525, 0.007874015748031496, 0, 0, 0.01282051282051282, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.05263157894736842, 0, 0.05263157894736842, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.034482758620689655, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0.02631578947368421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012903225806451613, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.018518518518518517, 0.031746031746031744, 0.03076923076923077, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.014035087719298246, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0, 0.011764705882352941, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.002840909090909091, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.025, 0, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0, 0.010638297872340425, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02564102564102564, 0, 0.03571428571428571, 0, 0, 0.0053475935828877, 0, 0, 0, 0.00684931506849315, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nRedirect with GET needs relative path, why?", "\n\nI am very new to Spring MVC and am seeing a rather trivial behavior I don't understand.", "\nBellow you can find snippets to my Controller (consider I have feed.jsp and feedList.jsp). ", "What I don't understand is why I need the \"../list\" in one redirect, when the other works without it\n@Controller\n@RequestMapping(\"/feed/*\")\npublic class FeedController {\n @RequestMapping(value = \"delete/{feedId}\", method = RequestMethod.", "GET)\n public String deleteFeed(@PathVariable(\"feedId\") Integer feedId) {\n feedService.delete(feedId);\n return \"redirect:../list\";\n }\n @RequestMapping(value = \"save\", method = RequestMethod.", "POST)\n public String saveFeed(@ModelAttribute(\"feed\") Feed feed, BindingResult result) {\n feedService.create(feed);\n return \"redirect:list\";\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nPerhaps the UrlBasedViewResolver is handling view names as relative to the current request mapping url (citation needed). ", "\nAnyway, I always use context-relative absolute paths (starting with a slash): redirect:/list. ", "Actually, if your jsp is called \"feedList\", then your should return redirect:/feedList\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0.010869565217391304, 0.02092050209205021, 0.014634146341463415, 0.010452961672473868, 0, 0 ]

[ "Friday, April 01, 2016\n\nA few years ago, I lost some online \"friends\" because they didn't care what I had to say about women and pay. ", "Why? ", "Well here's how it went...\n\n\"In a time of universal deceit - telling the truth is a revolutionary act.\"", "\n-George Orwell\n\nRecently on Facebook I found myself being hated by several women who previously were at least friendly online. ", "They are wives and gamers who I knew online and we got along well. ", "I try to always treat women with respect, especially online where they tend to be treated as at best second class players or meat to be devoured by horny gamer boys.", "\n\nHowever, when the topic of unequal pay came up, I made the mistake of pointing out to two pregnant women that because women can get pregnant they are less valuable to an employer than men who cannot. ", "I'm sure a combination of hormones, frustration, stress, and general vulnerability played into their response but now they hate me.", "\n\nTo me the statement I made is non controversial, it is quite straight forward and if unfair or at least frustrating, not unreasonable. ", "The problem is that people don't quite seem to realize what businesses exist for. ", "They are not there to make you feel good, be fair to you, or be nice. ", "They are in existence to make money. ", "A business is how the business owner makes his living, just like your job. ", "You don't go to work to be fair to your boss and be nice to the company, you go there to get paid. ", "You can be nice and fair in the process, but that's not the purpose or the goal.", "\n\nThink about this objectively and it will make sense to you. ", "Say you have a company, and you have two prospective workers.", "\n\nWorker A might, and is likely to, take on a condition wherein they will miss 6-12 months of work or more, and by law the employer must not only retain them as an employee, but pay them for the time they are gone (in many states).", "\n\nWorker B cannot suffer from this condition.", "\n\nNow, assuming you are prohibited by law from simply never hiring Worker A, what will your response be? ", "Worker A is not only going to represent a reduction in productivity, but probably will require you to hire a replacement while they're gone dealing with this condition.", "\n\nBottom line: Worker A is going to miss a bunch of work, and thus have less experience and seniority than Worker B. And, in fact, it is absolute fact that working mothers tend to miss a lot of work even when they come back rushing to deal with emergencies and events involving their child. ", "Working fathers do sometimes too, now, which leads employers to tend to avoid hiring people with young kids for certain jobs.", "\n\nThat means for the business, you're worth less pay than someone not in that position. ", "You're giving the company less, costing them more, and hence are worth less in terms of pay.", "\n\nFrom a business' perspective, the conclusion is quite obvious. ", "But women seem to have a problem with the deal because it is tilted against them. ", "All of us want things going our way and are frustrated and unhappy when things go against us, that's just normal for humans on this earth. ", "So I do sympathize with women being less than pleased with the reality.", "\n\nYet there seems to be another layer lately, one that has been tacked on by feminism which argues that women should have the upper hand and best deal in everything, and in the name of equality get the good parts of all things and none of the bad. ", "For example, women don't want to be equal to men in lifespan or likelihood of heart disease.", "\n\nSo when I brought this up, the embittered women declared that I thought women as a gender were \"worth less as human beings\" because of their body parts. ", "This would come as a shock to the women in my family, not to mention the many I've dealt with and known in my life.", "\n\nYet the entire concept that less pay means less overall worth as a human is just ridiculous and even idiotic. ", "Is a teacher worth less as a human being than a celebrity because they get paid less? ", "Is a starting worker at a business worth less as a human being than a 10 year vet at the job? ", "Is a rookie baseball player getting minimum salary worth less than a superstar with a 5 year multi-million dollar contract?", "\n\nObviously pay has absolutely nothing to do with value as a human it simply reflects the economic value to a business that the worker represents. ", "That girl working the fry machine at McDonald's is not as valuable to the business as the manager, she gets paid less. ", "The pay also represents the business' perspective on that worker's commitment to the job. ", "Fry girl is likely to just not show up one day because she got sick of working there. ", "The manager will give 2 weeks notice.", "\n\nWhat's amazing to me is that anyone, anywhere, would be so shocked and outraged with such an obvious business principle that they would not simply disagree or debate this topic, but would instantly and totally reverse their perspective on me and go from amiable esteem to contemptuous hatred.", "\n\nIt just is shocking to me that someone's worldview could be so totally damaged and their comprehension of economics and business so twisted by a leftist concept of life that they would react so violently and irrationally to such a plain fact of life.", "\n\nBut, I suppose, I shouldn't really be surprised. ", "I guess in the modern world I should be amazed it doesn't happen more often. ", "Because for being so progressive and modern, leftists are some of the most bitter, frustrated, angry, and unhappy folks on the planet. ", "And they seem to want to share it with everyone.", "\n*UPDATE also see my piece on compensation, inspired by a comment below." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.003436426116838488, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008403361344537815, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "714 F.2d 146\nArgizv.", "Israel\n81-2241\nUNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Seventh Circuit\n5/18/83\n\n1\nE.D.Wis.", "\n\nREVERSED AND REMANDED\n" ]

[ 0, 0.012345679012345678, 0.041666666666666664 ]

[ "Novel fluorogenic substrates for imaging beta-lactamase gene expression.", "\nA new class of small nonfluorescent fluorogenic substrates becomes brightly fluorescent after beta-lactamase hydrolysis with up to 153-fold enhancement in the fluorescence intensity. ", "Less than 500 fM of beta-lactamase in cell lysates can be readily detected, and beta-lactamase expression in living cells can be imaged with a red fluorescence derivative. ", "These new fluorogenic substrates should find uses in clinical diagnostics and facilitate the applications of beta-lactamase as a biosensor." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Biathlon World Championships 2012 – Women's mass start\n\nThe women's mass start competition of the Biathlon World Championships 2012 was held on March 11, 2012 at 16:00 local time.", "\n\nResults \nThe race started at 16:00.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Biathlon World Championships 2012\nCategory:2012 in German women's sport" ]

[ 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0 ]

[ "For more than three years the oil market has been strangled by a persistent supply glut, but next year there’s the opposite issue to be concerned about: an outright supply shortage.", "\n\nIn a range of notes out on Wednesday, analysts at Allianz Global Investors, Jefferies and RBC Capital Markets all expressed optimism that recent efforts to balance the market are working, which could mean the world will be short of oil in 2018.", "\n\n“An abundance of oil, thanks largely to U.S. shale, has pushed down oil prices and sector sentiment. ", "But since that means less investment in new production sources, the bearish market may soon rebalance from fears of oversupply to concerns over shortages — which would push prices higher,” Neil Dwane, global strategist at Allianz, said in a note.", "\n\nOil prices have slumped more than 50% since their peaks in 2013-2014, with West Texas Intermediate crude US:CLZ7 trading around $52.12 a barrel and Brent UK:LCOZ7 at $58.11 on Wednesday.", "\n\nFactSet\n\nIn response to the supply glut and weak prices, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and a group of non-cartel producers led by Russia agreed to cut production until the end of March 2018. ", "The move has helped reduce the supply glut, providing a floor under the oil prices that have rebounded firmly from their 2016 lows in the mid-$20s.", "\n\nHowever, the production cuts and three-year period of sluggish prices have discouraged investments in the industry. ", "That could make it difficult for the sector to keep up with rising energy demand as the world economy continues to accelerate, according to Dwane.", "\n\n“Global demand remains resilient at 97 million barrels a day, but oil fields are being steadily depleted. ", "Oil producers collectively need to add about 7-8 million barrels a day in new production to keep up with demand growth and production declines, but that is difficult to do with prices so low,” he said.", "\n\nA boom in U.S. shale production was one of the key reasons prices came crashing down in the summer of 2014. ", "The producers were significantly hurt by the initial price slump, but have since slashed their costs and started to pump oil at strong rates again.", "\n\nAt the Oil & Money conference in London last week, delegates were particularly upbeat on the outlook for U.S. production in coming years, with several industry players noting that a second peak in shale output is coming.", "\n\nRead:Rebound for U.S. shale oil hasn’t peaked yet — why OPEC should be wary\n\nHowever, the analysts in Wednesday’s oil notes had a more downbeat take on the outlook for U.S. shale next year. ", "Dwane said the U.S. shale boom looks unsustainable and companies could find it increasingly challenging to stay in business.", "\n\nRBC Capital Markets\n\nAt Jefferies, oil analysts led by Jason Gammel warned U.S. oil growth could disappoint next year and partly remove one of the factors that’s keeping a lid on prices.", "\n\n“While the U.S. is out-punching on growth this year, [Jefferies’] bottoms up forecast suggests that the U.S. could under-deliver on oil growth in 2018,” they said in a report.", "\n\n“We believe that the backwardation in the Brent futures strip supports our thesis that the market is currently undersupplied, and if the OPEC/non-OPEC cuts are extended through the end of 2018 then we estimate the oil market will remain in modest under-supply until 2019,” they added. ", "Backwardation refers to a situation in which prices for oil for delivery in the near future are higher than those for later deliveries.", "\n\nJefferies expect WTI to rise to $55 a barrel by the end of 2018, while Brent is expected to climb to $58.", "\n\nThe team at RBC Capital Markets in a note titled “Escape from Purgatory” lifted its crude oil forecast for 2018 to $51 a barrel, from $50 previously, and increased its Brent outlook to $55 from $53.19. ", "The analysts kept their long-term targets unchanged at $65 and $69 for crude and Brent, respectively.", "\n\nHowever, unlike the analysts at Jefferies and Allianz, the RBC strategists don’t see U.S. production disappointing in the near future. ", "In fact, they lifted their forecasts for total U.S. output growth — including non-shale — for 2018’s fourth quarter to 870,000 barrels a day from 850,000 previously and bumped up the 2019 forecast to 810,000 from 756,000.", "\n\n“On the brighter side, we do not believe that WTI prices will be relegated to purgatory indefinitely. ", "The same forces that brought us here—namely long-term oil price expectations—will likely rescue prices down the road,” RBC said." ]

[ 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.008130081300813009, 0, 0.004608294930875576, 0, 0, 0.00684931506849315, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0045045045045045045, 0.005208333333333333, 0.008064516129032258, 0.015957446808510637, 0, 0.006968641114982578, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0.00980392156862745, 0.009900990099009901, 0.014598540145985401, 0, 0, 0.0078125 ]

[ "Q:\n\nSharepoint: access subsite page contact from workflow\n\nI'm trying to create a work flow that will send an email to the users in the contact field for the page that the initial link was followed from. ", "\nIn other words, a user clicks a link on page ../top/sub/pages/page1.aspx which takes them to a form here: ..top/lists/feedback/newform.aspx. ", "Once they submit the form on the top level page it starts a workflow (at ..top/lists/feedback/) which will email the users in the meta data for the referrer page (../top/sub/pages/page1.aspx) and finish by deleting the feedback item.", "\nMy problem lies in trying to email the correct user. ", "I have tried to make a work-flow on the sub-site, but it seems like the work-flow has ZERO access outside of its directory.", "\nMy next idea would be to try and send the user as a parameter (as part of the form) using a script, but I'm unsure of how to access the information I need. ", "\nHow would I access the page's contact user? ", "Am I even on the right track?", "\nps. ", "I dont have access to the server and therefore am unable to use visual studio\n\nA:\n\nProbably there might be some dirty workaround.", "\n\nadd a hidden field to you top/lists/feedback/ \nadd a delegate control that stores the contact on the page the user came from i.e. in the user session (or somewhere in SharePoint or in DB) and place the control on the pages ../top/sub/pages/ (or place it everywhere but make it work only on the pages) \nadd an itemeventreceiver in the list ..top/lists/feedback/ that grabs what the delegate control saved and inserts it into the hidden field in the item that is created in the ..top/lists/feedback/newform.aspx \nuse the hidden field in the wotkflow.", "\n\nI hope you can either accept it or generate you own idea reading my answer.", "\nGood luck!", "\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0018050541516245488, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "List of Stenochilidae species\n\nThis page lists all described genera and species of the spider family Stenochilidae. , ", "the World Spider Catalog accepts 14 species in 2 genera:\n\nColopea\n\nColopea Simon, 1893\n Colopea laeta (Thorell, 1895) — Myanmar, Thailand\n Colopea lehtineni Zheng, Marusik & Li, 2009 — China\n Colopea malayana Lehtinen, 1982 — Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore\n Colopea pusilla (Simon, 1893) (type) — Philippines\n Colopea romantica Lehtinen, 1982 — Bali\n Colopea silvestris Lehtinen, 1982 — New Guinea\n Colopea tuberculata Platnick & Shadab, 1974 — Fiji\n Colopea unifoveata Lehtinen, 1982 — Borneo\n Colopea virgata Lehtinen, 1982 — Thailand, Vietnam\n Colopea xerophila Lehtinen, 1982 — New Guinea\n\nStenochilus\n\nStenochilus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871\n Stenochilus crocatus Simon, 1884 — Myanmar, Cambodia, Sri Lanka\n Stenochilus hobsoni O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 (type) — India\n Stenochilus scutulatus Platnick & Shadab, 1974 — India\n\nReferences\n\nStenochilidae\nCategory:Stenochilidae" ]

[ 0, 0.02847380410022779 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an arithmetic correction circuit and more particularly to such a circuit for correcting the results of arithmetic operations on non-hexadecimal operands using hexadecimal arithmetic units.", "\n2. ", "The Prior Art\nMicro-processors with hexadecimal arithmetic units have already become known, in which a correction is made for correcting the sum or difference resulting from an arithmetic operation. ", "Typically a logic network is employed for examining the output of the hexadecimal adder, and providing for an addition of a correction factor which is equal to the difference between 16 and the base of the non-hexadecimal system which is being used. ", "A separate logic unit is used for each four-bit word, and when eight bits are employed, the examination is cascaded. ", "This arrangement requires a relatively large amount of hardware, so that the hardware expense is relatively high.", "\nIn other micro-processors, one of the operands has a sum added to it which is equal to the difference between 16 and the base of the non-hexadecimal system, before arithmetic operations are performed. ", "Pseudo words or four-bit words corresponding to non-existent combinations of bits in the non-hexadecimal system can be recognized by examination of a carry bit produced during the arithmetic operation. ", "Sometimes, when the addition of the summing factor is not appropriate, it is compensated for by addition of yet another factor corresponding to the base of the non-hexadecimal system. ", "This system requires three commands, including two correction commands.", "\nIt is therefore desirable to provide a simpler arrangement for allowing a correction to be made when hexadecimal arithmetic units are used for performing arithmetic operations on non-hexadecimal operands." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "544 F.2d 526\nU. S.v.", "B. D. Layman, Inc.\nNo. ", "76-1493\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit\n10/8/76\nD.Alaska\nAFFIRMED\n" ]

[ 0, 0.043478260869565216, 0.025 ]

[ "A critical review of analytical methods in pretreatment of lignocelluloses: Composition, imaging, and crystallinity.", "\nLignocelluloses are widely investigated as renewable substrates to produce biofuels, e.g., ethanol, methane, hydrogen, and butanol, as well as chemicals such as citric acid, lactic acid, and xanthan gum. ", "However, lignocelluloses have a recalcitrance structure to resist microbial and enzymatic attacks; therefore, many physical, thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods have been developed to open up their structure. ", "The efficiency of these pretreatments was studied using a variety of analytical methods that address their image, composition, crystallinity, degree of polymerization, enzyme adsorption/desorption, and accessibility. ", "This paper presents a critical review of the first three categories of these methods as well as their constraints in various applications. ", "The advantages, drawbacks, approaches, practical details, and some points that should be considered in the experimental methods to reach reliable and promising conclusions are also discussed." ]

[ 0, 0.00975609756097561, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "\n509 F.Supp. ", "853 (1981)\nElsie B. WALKER, Plaintiff,\nv.\nHoward J. WALKER, Defendant.", "\nCiv. ", "A. No. ", "80-0734-R.\nUnited States District Court, E. D. Virginia, Richmond Division.", "\nFebruary 24, 1981.", "\n*854 Francis A. Cherry, Jr., Richmond, Va., for plaintiff.", "\nRobert P. Geary, Richmond, Va., for defendant.", "\n\nMEMORANDUM\nMERHIGE, District Judge.", "\nPlaintiff, Elsie B. Walker, a resident of South Carolina, brings this action against her former husband, Howard Walker, a resident of Virginia. ", "Plaintiff seeks to invoke the diversity jurisdiction of the federal court, 28 U.S.C. § 1332, to enforce certain provisions of a South Carolina divorce decree against defendant. ", "The matter is before the Court on defendant's motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. ", "Plaintiff has responded, the parties have filed supplemental briefs at the direction of the Court, and the matter is now ripe for disposition.", "\nElsie B. Walker was granted an absolute divorce from Howard Walker on July 19, 1963, by the Court of Common Pleas, Charleston, South Carolina. ", "Prior to the decree, the parties entered into an agreement, which made provisions for property division, child support, alimony, and other matters. ", "Except for those provisions concerning the division of real property, the agreement was incorporated in and made part of the decree of the Court of Common Pleas.", "\nIt is the alimony provisions of the agreement and the decree which plaintiff is now seeking to enforce. ", "The agreement and the decree provided that defendant would pay alimony to plaintiff in the amount of $92.00 per month; an escalator clause required defendant to increase these payments as his income increased. ", "Plaintiff claims (1) that defendant failed to pay the full sum of $92.00 during certain months between 1963 and 1978; (2) that defendant failed to increase monthly alimony payments, despite considerable increases in his income; and (3) that defendant has failed to make any payments whatever since May 1978.", "\nPlaintiff's complaint contains two counts. ", "The first casts plaintiff's claim as one for breach of the predivorce agreement, and seeks $50,000.00 in damages for such alleged breach. ", "In count two, which is grounded on the decree of the South Carolina court, plaintiff asks that this Court adopt and enforce the South Carolina decree as its own.", "\nThe issue before the Court is whether the instant case falls within the \"domestic relations exception\" to the grant of diversity jurisdiction in 28 U.S.C. § 1332. ", "This doctrine originated in Barber v. Barber, 21 How. ", "582, 62 U.S. 582, 16 L.Ed. ", "226 (1858), in which the Supreme Court, while upholding federal jurisdiction to enforce a state court judgment for accrued alimony, stated in dicta: \"We disclaim altogether any jurisdiction in the courts of the United States upon the subject of divorce, or for the allowance of alimony....\" 21 How. ", "584, 62 U.S. 584, 16 L.Ed. ", "226. ", "The principle that federal courts should \"keep our federal hands off actions which verge on the matrimonial, or impinge on the matrimonial jurisdiction of the state courts\", Kamhi v. Cohen, 512 F.2d 1051, 1056 (2d Cir. ", "1975) has been applied in a variety of contexts. ", "See Sistare v. Sistare, 218 U.S. 1, 30 S.Ct. ", "682, 54 L.Ed. ", "905 (1910); Armstrong v. Armstrong, 508 F.2d 348 (1st Cir. ", "1974); Solomon v. Solomon, 516 F.2d 1018 (3d Cir. ", "1975). ", "The rationale for the reluctance of federal courts to enter the thicket of domestic relations has not been entirely consistent, in that some courts have found that they lack jurisdiction, Solomon, supra, whereas others have found jurisdiction in the technical sense but have abstained from *855 its exercise, Armstrong, supra. ", "However, the policy considerations at stake are consistent and manifest: the strong state interest in issues of family rights and obligations, the much greater proficiency and experience of state courts in family matters, and the possibility of inconsistent state and federal decrees.", "\nThis is not to say that the \"domestic relations exception\" is without its own exceptions. ", "Where the plaintiff has already obtained a state court judgment, so that the claim is for a liquidated amount, some federal courts have found and exercised jurisdiction. ", "Barber v. Barber, supra; Richie v. Richie, 186 F.Supp. ", "592 (E.D.N.Y.1960). ", "Thus, while federal jurisdiction may be exercised \"where necessary to the effectuation of prior state court judgments involving the same matters\", Solomon v. Solomon, 516 F.2d 1018, 1024 (3d Cir. ", "1976), jurisdiction should be declined where an adjudication would require the federal court to make its own determination as to the parties' past on continuing obligations.", "\nPlaintiff here makes two arguments in support of the claim that diversity jurisdiction may properly be exercised despite the domestic overtones in the case. ", "First, she claims that the decree entered by the South Carolina court is not subject to modification, and that therefore this Court may adopt and enforce the decree as its own. ", "Alternatively, plaintiff contends that the pre-divorce agreement between the parties is properly viewed as a private contract, not modifiable by the South Carolina court, and therefore enforceable here.", "\nAs to plaintiff's first argument, the Court notes that it is clearly without jurisdiction to grant plaintiff's request for an order for alimony payable in the future. ", "South Carolina law explicitly authorizes the divorce court to modify alimony payments upon a showing of changed circumstances, Code of Laws of South Carolina, 20-3-170. ", "It is for that court to determine whether the parties' circumstances have so changed as to warrant a modification of alimony payable in the future. ", "In Morris v. Morris, 273 F.2d 678 (7th Cir. ", "1960), the district court entered an order for alimony payable in the future, enforceable in that court as the installments became due. ", "In reversing the district court, the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit made an observation that is here instructive:\nThese efforts by the district court to assume the broad equitable powers of a divorce court in passing upon the questions which might arise as to the continuance of the obligation of defendant to make the periodic payments, despite the possibility of changing circumstances in the future, would involve the district court in the administration of divorce law in a very real way.", "\n273 F.2d 678, 681-682.", "\nAn admittedly closer question is presented by plaintiff's claim for unpaid alimony already accrued. ", "The South Carolina statute does not specifically authorize the divorce court to retroactively modify past due amounts, and the Court has not found any South Carolina case law on point. ", "The Court is of the view, however, that plaintiff must give the state court an opportunity to make a determination as to the accrued as well as the future alimony. ", "Even if South Carolina law clearly prohibited retroactive modification, plaintiff's claim cannot, by any means, be characterized as one for a certain, liquidated amount. ", "On the contrary, difficult questions would remain in determining the amount of the accrued alimony defendant owes; for instance, the escalator clause must be interpreted in light of any increases in defendant's income in the fourteen years since the divorce. ", "Additionally, the very ambiguity of state law on the question of retroactive modification militates against an adjudication here. ", "The Court believes that a determination of accrued alimony, no less than of future alimony, \"would involve the district court in the administration of divorce law in a very real way,\" contrary to the important policy considerations upon which the domestic relations exception is based.", "\nAs heretofore noted, plaintiff argues, alternatively, that the pre-divorce *856 agreement executed by the parties is a voluntary, private contract, not modifiable by the divorce court under South Carolina law and therefore not within the domestic relations exception. ", "Indeed, there is authority for the view that the federal courts may assume jurisdiction over disputes between former spouses involving private agreements. ", "In Crouch v. Crouch, 566 F.2d 486 (5th Cir. ", "1978), the court found that a private agreement entered into several years after the parties' divorce, and not incorporated in a decree, was indistinguishable from an ordinary contract for a fixed sum. ", "The Court, however, is persuaded that the instant agreement is not, under South Carolina law, such a private contract.", "\nThe general rule in South Carolina is that an agreement concerning alimony which is incorporated into a decree is modifiable by the divorce court. ", "As the South Carolina Supreme Court stated in Jeanes v. Jeanes, 255 S.C. 161, 177 S.E.2d 537 (1970)\n... the fact that a decree for alimony was based upon an agreement of the parties does not defeat the jurisdiction of an equity court to make changes or modifications when the circumstances so justify. ", "The agreement of the parties here as to alimony became merged in the supplemental decree and therefore lost its contractual nature, at least to the extent that the court has the power to modify the decree if such modification be warranted.", "\n177 S.E.2d 537, 538. ", "However, there is an exception to this general rule where the agreement in dispute is not a \"mere agreement to pay alimony\", but rather a \"true property settlement\", Darden v. Witham, 258 S.C. 380, 188 S.E.2d 776, 778 (1972). ", "In Darden, the Supreme Court of South Carolina found that an agreement whereby, inter alia, the husband was required to make twenty yearly payments to the wife was not an agreement to pay alimony, but rather an agreement to make \"installment payments arising out of a lump sum property settlement\", 188 S.E.2d 776, 779, and found further that the settlement was not subject to modification.", "\nPlaintiff, pointing to the fact that the agreement at issue here (although not the decree incorporating it) made provision for the division of real property between the parties, contends that it must be viewed as a \"true property settlement\" rather than as an agreement to pay alimony. ", "The Court, however, does not find this reasoning persuasive. ", "The Darden holding did not depend on the fact that the agreement made provision for the disposition of real estate: rather, it was the character of the periodic payments which was dispositive. ", "In the instant case, there are a number of facts which indicate that the payments are properly characterized as alimony: that, unlike in Darden, the payments are to be made indefinitely, rather than for a fixed period; that provision is made for escalating the payments as defendant's income increases; and that the payments are to be made periodically, and are designated as being for the support and maintenance of the wife. ", "Consequently, the Court is of the view that the South Carolina court would treat the provisions in dispute as an agreement for alimony, subject to modification by that court.", "\nIn conclusion, whether plaintiff's claim be cast as an attempt to enforce the terms of the agreement or the terms of the decree, it is clear that the case presents complex issues of family law best resolved in state court, which has both the discretion and the expertise to enforce or modify the alimony provisions as justice requires.", "\nAn appropriate order shall issue.", "\n" ]

[ 0, 0.04285714285714286, 0, 0, 0.02666666666666667, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0.02127659574468085, 0.02702702702702703, 0.013793103448275862, 0, 0.011111111111111112, 0.014084507042253521, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0.006211180124223602, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006211180124223602, 0.006097560975609756, 0.037037037037037035, 0, 0.0033444816053511705, 0, 0, 0.0091324200913242, 0, 0, 0, 0.01694915254237288, 0.02, 0, 0.0030581039755351682, 0, 0, 0, 0.05454545454545454, 0.05, 0.00510204081632653, 0, 0, 0.005649717514124294, 0, 0.005952380952380952, 0, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0, 0.00398406374501992, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0.005405405405405406, 0.006097560975609756, 0.0058823529411764705, 0, 0, 0.0035087719298245615, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00847457627118644, 0, 0.0033112582781456954, 0, 0, 0.004424778761061947, 0.002564102564102564, 0, 0.01639344262295082, 0.0051813471502590676, 0, 0.005747126436781609, 0.002976190476190476, 0, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nFormatting types in Java\n\npublic class T {\n\n public static void main(String[] args) { \n int i = 2345;\n System.out.printf(\"%0-10d\", i);\n System.out.printf(\"(%-010d)\", i);\n }\n}\n\nCan somebody please explain why these two SOP's are showing run-time error.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou are trying to use two flags that don't make sense together.", "\n\n- left justify in the field\n0 left pads the number with zeroes.", "\n\nYou can't do both. ", " If you left justify, there is no room for those leading zeroes.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou get runtime error because you provided invalid format pattern.", "\nSome examples from here:\nlong n = 461012;\nSystem.out.format(\"%d%n\", n); // --> \"461012\"\nSystem.out.format(\"%08d%n\", n); // --> \"00461012\"\nSystem.out.format(\"%+8d%n\", n); // --> \" +461012\"\nSystem.out.format(\"%,8d%n\", n); // --> \" 461,012\"\nSystem.out.format(\"%+,8d%n%n\", n); // --> \"+461,012\"\n\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "(ns ^:no-doc rewrite-clj.parser.whitespace\n (:require [rewrite-clj\n [node :as node]\n [reader :as reader]]))\n\n(defn parse-whitespace\n \"Parse as much whitespace as possible. ", "The created node can either contain\n only linebreaks or only space/tabs.\"", "\n [reader]\n (let [c (reader/peek reader)]\n (cond (reader/linebreak? ", "c)\n (node/newline-node\n (reader/read-while reader reader/linebreak?))", "\n\n (reader/comma? ", "c)\n (node/comma-node\n (reader/read-while reader reader/comma?))", "\n\n :else\n (node/whitespace-node\n (reader/read-while reader reader/space?)))))", "\n" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012048192771084338, 0.009433962264150943, 0 ]

[ "That was a delightful holiday story. ", "It's so true that during holiday there were two courses bound to happen to houses; either they got empty or burst at every corners with multiplying residents. ", "Being an introvert, crowd-avoider and middle-child myself, I sympathized with Calvin for his struggle to cope.", "\n\nThat saying, as adorable as he seemed, I felt he's a bit childish and overly dramatic. ", "His anxiety was all for nothing except tuckered himself out. ", "But he and Philip were tots adorbs. ", "In fact, all members of Calvin family were just awesome - a tad too good to be true weird in a way - but lovely all the same.", "\n\nThis is certainly a comfortable light reading that would put smile on one's face.", "\n\nThis was actually a story I had been so looking forward to read. ", "Been curious about Agent Poe ever since his first appearance on this series. ", "Alas, it didn't turn out to be what I hope...\n\nI mean, I like the story enough. ", "And it was good to see the inside of the Agency here, to know that Poe - despite his super strength was only human with all their nature and weaknesses. ", "Aside from Poe being a dwarf descendant (which made him NOT tall), the other character - the bear shifter - was a native american; which made for interesting couple.", "\n\nHowever... The plot left me frustrated. ", "Earlier in the series, Poe somehow being described as top agent, pretty unbeatable. ", "Same went for Nordik. ", "Here, in their own book however, I didn't much see that top notch ability. ", "I pretty much grumbled \"you should've KNOWN better\" over and over. ", "Another thing was the constant \"me, Alpha - him, alpha\" appear here; and the instant \"Aha! ", "He's my soul mate!\" ", "mere hours after face to face encounter. ", "The proclamation was also very rushy to my humane opinion.", "\n\nThe Poe/Nordik sex scenes were quite HAWT though. ", "Theirs were pretty raw (and painful) wherever the occasion took place. ", "Then again Nordik was closer to being neanderthal that it's a bit \"normal\" for him acting rather brutal or wild.", "\n\nAnd that epilogue... Not necessarily a cliff-hanger. ", "Honestly though, I'm running out of patience with \"mystery\" being dangled in front of my face like that. ", "As much as I wanted to find out more about Arcas, my feeling started to lean on the \"too much\" already...\n\nI guess should've read this later, after [b:Master's Blood|18298752|Master's Blood (The Shifters #6)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1375862214s/18298752.jpg|25784496]. ", "There's tiny detail here referring to event happened in #book6. ", "But what's done is done. ", "So I'd just consider this as a way late Valentine story (considering the pinky heart-shape cuttings mentioned here ^__^).", "\n\nIt was nice to know how Josh and Xavier doing at their new home and work place. ", "After they had been through in the early stages of their relationship, this pair kept going strong. ", "Though the process of becoming established couple was a bit of a struggle.", "\n\nThese were two guys who spent most years of their lives as an island, never got really close to others. ", "More so that Josh, as told in previous book, was a virgin in a relationship in every sense (and details) of the word, while Xavier had been the type to indulge in a row of acquaintance with benefits himself. ", "Their communication as a couple also hit some bumpy path. ", "Josh had been working as Agency aide for years; despite his adorable and sweet nature (I keep having trouble picturing a six feet tall man as cute) he was trained for self-defence and battle. ", "Xavier, with his paramilitary upbringing and wolf Alpha nature, was very protective of his mate.", "\n\nA rehabilitation patient gone wild causing first huge row between this couple. ", "But thank gads for lack of drama for reconciliation process. ", "This was the thing I love about this couple; their careful approach on their (still) brand new relationship. ", "Of all the couple of this series, I consider them the \"normal\" one - past baggage and all.", "\n\nThis was the best of the series so far! ", "The story packed some (bloody) actions, survivors adventures, some sexy time seasoning, and not so perfect characters. ", "In fact, Xavier - the wolf shifter - had pretty sordid background to begin with.", "\n\nAs the #5 installment, this book also served much like cross-link of the previous books. ", "Xavier was the big bad blood-thirsty wolf in [b:Psychic Moon|11883058|Psychic Moon (The Shifters #1)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1309379945s/11883058.jpg|16841517]. ", "Time frame of this story was closely parallel with the end of [b:Hunter and Hunted|16133226|Hunter and Hunted (The Shifters #4)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1352221012s/16133226.jpg|21959873]. ", "While on the run Josh and Xavier met with Caleb and Ryan from [b:Love is a Whirlwind|13423221|Love is a Whirlwind (The Shifters #2)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1374007154s/13423221.jpg|18869272] and guess where they finally decided to settle down: the town set on [b:Blind Devotion|15755708|Blind Devotion (The Shifters #3)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1342499876s/15755708.jpg|21452872] of course! ", ":D\n\nThe plot was pretty clean cut. ", "The substation where Josh kept guard of still recuperating Xavier got ambushed by Knights' goons. ", "The fights wounded Josh but Xavier gone feral on the attacker and ran away with Josh. ", "Driving cross-country on the run from Knights and ducking the Agency, the shifter and aide forged a deeper connections, that might prove to be the salvation Xavier needed to overcome his beastliness.", "\n\nOther thing that I loved about this book was the gradual attraction of the MCs. ", "Josh had been stationed to guard Xavier for six months before chaos hit. ", "During that time and while on the run, they learned more about each other and built solid connection. ", "No instant \"you - me - mates! - ", "lived together ever after\" here. ", "But HEA was definitely there, at the end of the page./ happy sigh /\n\nWhat it is to me was a roller coaster ride, with ups and down, plunges and climbs. ", "Do I like this book? ", "Yeah, enough - but it wasn't what I expected. ", "Not really.", "\n\nThe story was told as third person POV alternately by Carey and Jase; both survivors of sandbox duty turned devastating, with their own PTSD. ", "They met on training base before deployment and got close all through their tour and after. ", "For Jase, it was lust at first sight turned to love. ", "He took care of his buddy overcoming loss-limb to be independent person again. ", "Little did Carey knew, for while Jase came back whole from war, he suffered from his own traumatic experience. ", "Or even that Jase carried a torch for him.", "\n\nSo the ingredients were: strong disabled guy, mentally-wrecked EMT/musician, slow burn, gay for you, friends to lovers. ", "I was pretty excited when I started this book. ", "Alas, I found the first 39% of the story rather bland, even with flashbacks from their tour of duty time filled in between long narration. ", "By the time Carey at last gave in to his attraction to Jase, the pages turned into marathon sex scenes. ", "Now I didn't mind some sexy times in my reading, but not at the point to become cross-eyed and yawning because of it.", "\n\nAround the last 40% of the book things picked up. ", "Some accident triggered Jase's anxiety attack and the after effect had him admitted his problem to Carey and agreed to seek counselling. ", "This process to healing was not instant. ", "And the fact that both characters had weaknesses endeared me more. ", "Even Carey's after long weekend decision still had my approval. ", "The process, see? ", "It took time, and both were not the sort to make rash decision. ", "And then there's this stupid action happened close to the end. ", "While I appreciate the author didn't come up with dramatic romantic scene, and that stupid action only NEARLY happened... it still pissed me off.", "\n\nThus, I didn't consider this a smooth sailing for me. ", "Nope. ", "Too many yawning and gritted teeth moments although all in all, I still like it.", "\n\nThe title might seem unimaginative. ", "But hey this series kept surprising me - in a good way! ", "After blind shifter of the previous book, we finally got a Knight as main character - and a black man too. ", "And the shifter taking the front stage this time was a deer shifter. ", "What a refreshing change!", "\n\nHunter was a confused Knight, questioning things the organization doctrined him to believe, ever since he was adopted by a high ranking member there. ", "On Hunter's rite passage, Glenn - a deer shifter - stumbled into his line of riffle. ", "From then on, Hunter's world turned upside down.", "Romantic plot wise, there was nothing new here. ", "As common in shifter universe, shifter beings often got attracted, attached, and mated someone in a short span of time. ", "In this case, within days of knowing each other. ", "Our MCs were likable enough, but nothing so special about them other than what I pointed out earlier.", "\n\nGetting stronger in this installment was the Agency versus Knight organization. ", "We met again with Agent Poe and his team, trying to infiltrate Knight's headquarter on a rescue mission. ", "The link to previous book was also more felt here (the premises occurred two months after [b:Blind Devotion|15755708|Blind Devotion (The Shifters #3)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1342499876s/15755708.jpg|21452872]).", "\n\nAnd that epilogue! ", "As if I needed that dangled in front of me to get me want to speed to the next book!? ", "Oh what the heck, YES! ", "That epilogue would certainly got me hurrying along with Agent Poe to get to [b:Healing Minds|18046558|Healing Minds (The Shifters #5)|M.D. Grimm|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1370656701s/18046558.jpg|25326379]. ", "There. ", "Happy now?", "\n\nThis was a wonderful journey of a young earl and a discreet young gentleman set in early 19th century. ", "A bit like GFY in the olden days. ", "It all started with an ambush of a fake highwayman when the Earl of Carwick was on his way home. ", "Little did either party knew that this was a plot to break Carwick's engagement. ", "Stubborn and desperate, Dean - the young earl - toted the turned-out-to-be prostitute, Rob, to Bath to claim his innocence and win his fiancee back. ", "Along the way, they learned about each other and how everything were not as it seemed.", "\n\nIt was an entertaining story from beginning to end. ", "There were some annoying things, like the repetitive mentions of \"the prostitute this\" \"the prostitute that\". ", "We knew Rob was a prostitute, that detail already been aired out, no need to stress it every time. ", "And then there's the use of German in the conversation which I felt was a bit off. ", "While I have grasp of some Deutsch myself, this book is supposed to be in English language. ", "I prefer the notation 'he spoke in German' rather than putting the actual language without any translation. ", "Or perhaps the author expect the reader to clutch English/German dictionary while reading this book??", "\n\nI found the characters the likable lot: Dean, Rob, and even Dean's mentally altered \"Hessian\" coachman, Erich. ", "These three were young men with troubled past and somehow they healed each others' scar. ", "Despite his often callous comment to Rob, Dean was actually a kind person. ", "That he indulged Rob's wish to visit some decrepit ale house, haunted church, listen to ghost stories, etc was to name a few. ", "He also had low opinion over his own look that Rob never tired to avert. ", "The road to healing was not all moonlight and roses; I cringed at Rob's decision and action he took right after they encountered real highwaymen and felt the raw helplessness along with Dean. ", "There were some misunderstanding and hurting that took time to fix, but this pretty angst-free for me (which I approved!).", "\n\nAlso, this book got me want to fly to England and have a ghost tour of historical architecture there. ", "Ghost tour... yeah right. ", ":D\n\nMore of love story in The Shifters world. ", "This time pairing Haven's sheriff wolf-shifter and a blind cougar shifter. ", "I loved how this two spent years getting close before blurting the ILU and those you-me-mates short of thing. ", "The pack politics, as always, just... grrrr! ", "Fortunately, there was shift and breakthrough in the tradition in the end.", "\n\nWhat intrigued me was the presence of the Agency vs Knights felt more in this book. ", "Not as much to make this story couldn't be read as standalone, though. ", "But I definitely would read further books in this series! :)", "\n\nNot that this isn't a good story, it is. ", "The plot was nice enough and the characters were both okay what's one with gimpy leg and the other with the stutter. ", "But somehow it felt too bland for me and the chemistry between the MCs wasn't very convincing. ", "Also, it was too black and white type of story; some goodie goodie, abused characters versus the whiny, lazy, greedy ones - like saints versus evil - the whole thing became too predictable! ", "Truly disappointing and not what I pictured from reading the blurb... Thank gods for a bit of humor between the stuttering banter.", "\n\nFirst off: not the book's fault that I don't like it. ", "This is not my cup of tea. ", "In fact, if it wasn't for it being picked as March book reading challenge by Indonesian MM Readers group, I would never pick it up - Brit book notwithstanding.", "\n\nThat saying, I tried to keep an open mind reading this. ", "Scout's honour!! ", "But then the story started with sex party... **EEP!!**", "\n\nTrudging on through chapters (I sort of ran through the sex orgy and the beginning of BDSM party | shudders) I found that it wasn't that bad. ", "I mean, I like the writing style. ", "But the story span too long (the aura of mystery the characters desperately clinging to (Haris and Tyler were a pair of mixed-up men with bloody dismal past), the misscommunication/misunderstanding (instead of talking inside your head why not man up, SPEAK UP and really TALK! ", "jeez), the repeated sex scenes - yep, that's A LOT) that personally I just found... exhausting. ", "It's like watching never-ending smutty soap opera where black and white were so cut and dry.", "\n\nThank gads for Wilson and his antics. ", "Yes, he's a secondary character. ", "But for me, he's way more entertaining than the MCs.", "\n\nWay too short for this rent boy thrust into the middle of assassination plot. ", "There's not much of a world building, but the quick pace of the story help the enjoyment of reading this tale. ", "If only this was NOT a short story, if only there's more magic action played - on top of the sword/dirk/blade and all those shiny pointy sharpy thingies... Yes, this reader IS greedy!! ", ":D\n\nJust in case my point didn't come across clearly: I enjoy this story.", "It had potential to be much more enjoyable that, sadly, didn't get a chance to develop because... it's SO short!", "\n\nCopy of this book was received from the author via Goodreads MM Romance DBML program in exchange for fair and honest review.", "\n\nI'm not familiar with Ms. Saddler's story having never read her book before. ", "And this book left me feeling confused.", "\n\nThe story was set in a late nineteenth century Kansas, I didn't see the correlation between the prologue - which started inside the circuit tent where a little man with a tall hat spin a tale to his audience - with the whole story. ", "No idea why the little man had a blue tarantula and why, seeing a blacksmith among his audience, he decided on a tale about blacksmith and medicine-show man.", "\n\nSwapped into the life of Jed, the blacksmith of Tumbleweed, Kansas. ", "Ever since his wife passed away he's fighting his attraction to men. ", "Why? ", "No clue. ", "No explanation. ", "It just happened. ", "When a medicine show wagon rode into town, he caught the eye of the medicine man selling him the elixir to get rid of his forbidden desire. ", "Instead of being cured, he started to have erotic dreams with said medicine man. ", "I wasn't convinced with how the sudden attraction built between these two men. ", "The encounter with the town preacher was too cliche and how stuff turned out for Jed's mother in law in the end was way too unbelievable.", "\n\nThere's no plot here. ", "The story just ran amok to every directions. ", "I like the idea of magick practice in historical western setting. ", "But somehow the execution left a lot to be desire...\n\nThis is a beautiful story of second chances. ", "I dragged to start reading as stories with PTSD character could be so angsty and full of drama. ", "This was NOT like that. ", "It felt real. ", "The hurt, the denial, the acceptance, and - finally - the healing.", "\n\nXander and Mackey were best buddies as well as friends-with-benefits for years, as long as their military service time. ", "What they never revealed was their true feelings of each other. ", "One new year's eve while on deployment in the sandbox, they had huge argument and the next day all hell broke loose during their field assignment. ", "It left Mackey unscathed, but had Xander seriously injured and body part removed. ", "The tragic accident, that had other fatal casualties, pushed Mackey to rethink the decisions he took and kept secret years ago..\n\nThe story was told alternately from Xander and Mackey POV. ", "It allowed the reader insights to both MC's head, the guilt and fears they kept hidden all along. ", "Both characters were likable despite their (Xander's mostly) hardheaded tendency. ", "In my mind Mackey was this big lovable teddy bear that so wanted to surround Xander with love without being overwhelming. ", "The process of how they finally - FINALLY - come together was achingly touching (impatient that I am, I often wanted to throttle Xan even when I understood his frustration). ", "But the healing was just the beginning of their adjustment and journey together.", "\n\nIn a way I wish the story were longer, but also appreciate it ended the way it did. ", "Xander still had long way to go, with his disability and with his family, and not least - his commitment with Mackey.", "\n\nReading the first installment two years AFTER I read the second one, [b:In the Penalty Box|13355389|In the Penalty Box (Seattle Marauders, #2)|Riley Shane|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1330565418s/13355389.jpg|18582222] - I guess I'm a bit contrary that way. ", ":p\n\nThis is a sweet if somewhat instant love story. ", "Would a week enough to get you fall in love with a stranger? ", "Apparently it was for Nathan Troy who found his Goldilocks - Kyle Harper, an ex Marauder left winger - on his bed in his holiday cabin. ", "What started as misunderstanding and double-booked turned out as the best week these two tired souls ever had.", "\n\nDespite the insta-love, also the quite early and lots of smutties, I kinda like this story. ", "It was focusing on these two characters - rather isolated cabin, y'know - the way they learned to get to know each other, including past love, hurting over lost carreer, and angst-free.", "\n\nI guess I could say this hit me good at the right time. ", "Even two years too late. ", "Lucky me! ;-)", "\n\nWell, that was darn entertaining. ", "The year was 3000 something set in a world where two suns shined. ", "The vampires of this world lived just like humans - only with way longer life - woke up at dawn, able to move about under the sun. ", "Lord Ettore found his mate, Simon, when he visited a human castle. ", "And it's love at the first taste of blood. ", "Typical eh? ", ";D\n\nBut the wooing of this couple was so endearingly cute and sweet; Ettore was so patient in the face of his virginal human lover.", "\n\nThis was a mostly smooth plot flow, the incident - with a bit of a tragedy - was pretty quickly solve. ", "So if you had a wish for some light fluff vampire story, you might wanna try this one.", "And I shall just leave below pic to help your imagination. ", ":D" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.027777777777777776, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.006535947712418301, 0.006060606060606061, 0, 0, 0.045454545454545456, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0.008928571428571428, 0, 0, 0.010526315789473684, 0, 0, 0.01652892561983471, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0, 0, 0.004807692307692308, 0, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.011235955056179775, 0.014634146341463415, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0.02040816326530612, 0.023255813953488372, 0.010050251256281407, 0, 0.0136986301369863, 0, 0, 0, 0.006578947368421052, 0, 0, 0, 0.013888888888888888, 0, 0.018867924528301886, 0, 0.018018018018018018, 0.023809523809523808, 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0, 0.019230769230769232, 0, 0, 0.014598540145985401, 0, 0, 0.015625, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.009345794392523364, 0, 0, 0.013157894736842105, 0.023529411764705882, 0.020833333333333332, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.024390243902439025, 0.009523809523809525, 0.004405286343612335, 0, 0, 0, 0.0047169811320754715, 0, 0, 0, 0.029411764705882353, 0.010309278350515464, 0.012345679012345678, 0.020134228187919462, 0, 0, 0, 0.010101010101010102, 0, 0.010869565217391304, 0, 0, 0.035398230088495575, 0, 0.02666666666666667, 0.007936507936507936, 0.0136986301369863, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.013333333333333334, 0.00909090909090909, 0, 0, 0.023255813953488372, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0036101083032490976, 0.010416666666666666, 0, 0.025, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007936507936507936, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0, 0, 0.02857142857142857, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012195121951219513, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0, 0.00819672131147541, 0, 0, 0, 0.008547008547008548, 0.011494252873563218, 0, 0, 0.014705882352941176, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.07692307692307693, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.007633587786259542, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Aircraft components including engine intake ducts, flooring and wing sections are frequently made of honeycomb material which is lightweight, rigid and capable of being fabricated in many shapes. ", "Honeycomb is, however, expensive, difficult to work with, problematic when contour changes are required, awkward to attach other parts to, and not readily repairable. ", "These drawbacks to honeycomb structural elements have been met by reinforcing the element where other parts are to be mounted, by adding brackets at junctions of internal members and, in general, beefing up the structural element, all at the cost of increasing its weight, thus lessening the most significant advantage of the honeycomb in the first place." ]

[ 0.00510204081632653, 0.005988023952095809, 0 ]

[ "Unfortunately, there is no specific way to detect when the app server is shut down or when a client is disconnected directly. ", "We use a heartbeat system to detect when the connection has been broken, and unsubscribe events will be fired at the time the housekeeper reigns those dead connections in.", "\n\nYes, you can. ", "This needs to be better documented and the API will probably need to be cleaned up in the future. ", "But you can change the LogAdapter which is responsible for showing that default error dialog:" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.01020408163265306, 0.010752688172043012 ]

[ "Studies on the kinetic effects of adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of purified pig-liver pyruvate kinase type L.\nThe effect of cyclic-AMP-dependent phosphorylation on the activity of isolated pig liver pyruvate kinase was studied. ", "It was found that the major kinetic effect of the phosphorylation was to reduce the affinity for the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate, K0.5 for this substrate increasing from 0.3 to 0.9 mM upon phosphorylation. ", "The cooperative effect with phosphoenolpyruvate was enhanced, the Hill constant nH increasing concomitantly from 1.1 to 1.5. ", "V was unaltered. ", "The change in activity occurred in parallel with the phosphate incorporation, except during the initial part of the reaction, when inactivation was correspondingly slower. ", "The affinity for the second substrate ADP was unchanged, with an apparent Km of 0.3 mM at saturating concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate. ", "Likewise, the requirement for potassium was unaffected, whereas the phosphoenzyme required a higher concentration of magnesium ions for maximal activity, compared with the control enzyme. ", "The inhibitory effect of the phosphorylation was counteracted by positive effectors, fructose 1,6-biphosphate in micromolar concentrations completely activated the phosphoenzyme, resulting in an enzyme with properties similar to the fructose 1,6-biphosphate-activated unphosphorylated enzyme, with K0.5 for phosphoenolpyruvate about 0.025 mM and with a Hill constant of 1.1. ", "Hydrogen ions were also effective in activating the phosphoenzyme. ", "Thus, when pH was lowered from 8 to 6.5 the inhibition due to phosphorylation was abolished. ", "The phosphoenzyme was sensitive to further inhibition by negative effectors such as ATP and alanine. ", "2 mM ATP increased K0.5 for phosphoenolpyruvate to 1.5 mM and nH to 2.3. ", "The corresponding values with alanine were 1.3 mM and 1.9. ", "Phosphorylation is thought to be an additional mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme under gluconeogenetic conditions." ]

[ 0, 0, 0.008, 0, 0, 0.014388489208633094, 0, 0.0026666666666666666, 0.014925373134328358, 0, 0.009900990099009901, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Relationship between loudness tolerance and the acceptance of background noise for young adults with normal hearing.", "\nThis study investigated the relationship between listener loudness tolerance and listener acceptable noise level (ANL). ", "Twenty-five normal hearing adults completed loudness tolerance and acceptable noise level measures. ", "Loudness tolerance was measured using a scaling technique. ", "The acceptable noise levels were calculated from a procedure designed to quantify a listener's willingness to accept background noise while listening to speech. ", "Pearson correlation confirmed that loudness tolerance and acceptable noise levels are not related." ]

[ 0, 0.008264462809917356, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "First meeting in preparation for the 450 year anniversary of the city - Instituto Metropolitano de Urbanismo Taller Caracas (IMUTC)2016\n\nThe satelite map of Caracas at\n1:5.000 scale from the exhibition \"CABA: Mapping 48 years of\ninformal settlment growth in Caracas\" was presented at\nthe Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración\n(IESA) Caracas - Venezuela, on the ocassion of the event\norganizad by the Instituto Metropolitano de Urbanismo Taller\nCaracas (IMUTC)of the Metropolitana Mayorship to evaluate projects\nfor the celebration of the city´s 450 year anniversary." ]

[ 0.0051813471502590676 ]

[ "Are you having second thoughts about this?", "\n----- Forwarded by Sara Shackleton/HOU/ECT on 10/18/2000 01:33 PM -----\n\n\t\"JASON PETERS\" <[email protected]>\n\t10/18/2000 10:15 AM\n\t\t \n\t\t To: <[email protected]>\n\t\t cc: \n\t\t Subject: Re: Enron/FPL ISDA\n\n\nWe're waiting for Mark Taylor's approval.", "\n\n>>> <[email protected]> 10/18/00 09:22AM >>>\n\nDo you have access to Lotus Notes? ", " Serge told us on Oct. 3 that he would\nhave comments no later thatn the week of 10/16 and you would follow up with\nhim.", "\nI'll try to call you when I have a free minute. ", " Sara\n\n\n\n \"JASON PETERS\"\n <PETEJ@andrews- To: <[email protected]>\n kurth.com> cc: <[email protected]>\n Subject: Enron/FPL ISDA\n 10/17/2000\n 01:57 PM\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSerge,\n\nI just wanted to get an update on when you thought we would have a response\nregarding the above-referenced ISDA.", "\n\nThanks,\n\nJason Peters\n713-220-4124" ]

[ 0, 0.01937984496124031, 0.02197802197802198, 0.008403361344537815, 0, 0.010940919037199124, 0.05555555555555555 ]

[ "The systematic analysis of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast.", "\nIn the evolution of species, a kind of special sequences, termed ultraconserved sequences (UCSs), have been inherited without any change, which strongly suggests those sequences should be crucial for the species to survive or adapt to the environment. ", "However, the UCSs are still regarded as mysterious genetic sequences so far. ", "Here, we present a systematic study of ultraconserved genomic regions in the budding yeast based on the publicly available genome sequences, in order to reveal their relationship with the adaptability or fitness advantages of the budding yeast. ", "Our results indicate that, in addition to some fundamental biological functions, the UCSs play an important role in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the acidic environment, which is backed up by the previous observation. ", "Besides that, we also find the highly unchanged genes are enriched in some other pathways, such as the nutrient-sensitive signaling pathway. ", "To facilitate the investigation of unique UCSs, the UCSC Genome Browser was utilized to visualize the chromosomal position and related annotations of UCSs in S.cerevisiae genome. ", "For more details on UCSs, please refer to the Supplementary information online, and the custom code is available on request. ", "[email protected]. ", "Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00558659217877095, 0, 0.058823529411764705, 0.017241379310344827 ]

[ "The Austin Air HealthMate Plus offers ozone-free filtration to reduce the level of particles and chemicals in the air, and also remove harmful gasses and odors to give you clean air and peace of mind. ", "This means that the Austin Air HealthMate Plus machine not only removes gases, vapors and fumes, but also more reactive volatile organic chemicals like ammonia and formaldehyde. ", "5-Year Warranty." ]

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Reflection (mathematics)\n\nA reflection through an axis (from the red object to the green one) followed by a reflection (green to blue) across a second axis parallel to the first one results in a total motion that is a translation - by an amount equal to twice the distance between the two axes.", "\n\nIn mathematics, a reflection (also spelled reflexion)[1] is a mapping from a Euclidean space to itself that is an isometry with a hyperplane as a set of fixed points; this set is called the axis (in dimension 2) or plane (in dimension 3) of reflection. ", "The image of a figure by a reflection is its mirror image in the axis or plane of reflection. ", "For example the mirror image of the small Latin letter p for a reflection with respect to a vertical axis would look like q. Its image by reflection in a horizontal axis would look like b. A reflection is an involution: when applied twice in succession, every point returns to its original location, and every geometrical object is restored to its original state.", "\n\nThe term reflection is sometimes used for a larger class of mappings from a Euclidean space to itself, namely the non-identity isometries that are involutions. ", "Such isometries have a set of fixed points (the \"mirror\") that is an affine subspace, but is possibly smaller than a hyperplane. ", "For instance a reflection through a point is an involutive isometry with just one fixed point; the image of the letter p under it\nwould look like a d. This operation is also known as a central inversion (Coxeter 1969, §7.2), and exhibits Euclidean space as a symmetric space. ", "In a Euclidean vector space, the reflection in the point situated at the origin is the same as vector negation. ", "Other examples include reflections in a line in three-dimensional space. ", "Typically, however, unqualified use of the term \"reflection\" means reflection in a hyperplane.", "\n\nContents\n\nIn a plane (or, respectively, 3-dimensional) geometry, to find the reflection of a point drop a perpendicular from the point to the line (plane) used for reflection, and extend it the same distance on the other side. ", "To find the reflection of a figure, reflect each point in the figure.", "\n\nA reflection across an axis followed by a reflection in a second axis not parallel to the first one results in a total motion that is a rotation around the point of intersection of the axes, by an angle twice the angle between the axes.", "\n\nSince these reflections are isometries of Euclidean space fixing the origin they may be represented by orthogonal matrices. ", "The orthogonal matrix corresponding to the above reflection is the matrix whose entries are" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gimån\n\nGimån () is a river in Sweden.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Rivers of Västernorrland County" ]

[ 0.02702702702702703, 0 ]

[ "With the recent advancements in the information telecommunication technology, the speed of optical transmission, the capacity thereof and the transmission distance thereof have been increasing, thus requiring a very advanced transmission technology. ", "For example, one form of the optical transmission technology is the PON (Passive Optical Network) system. ", "In this system, one switching office is connected to a plurality of subscriber premises based on time division multiplexing. ", "Also with the transmission between the switching office and the subscriber premises, the distance and speed of data transmission have been increasing. ", "Long-distance transmission requires a high power level to be transmitted, and it is therefore necessary to drive large currents. ", "This increases the driving transistor size, thereby also increasing the load capacitance of the transistor and wires connected thereto. ", "As a result, it is no longer possible to achieve a sufficient rising/falling response, and a fast response is difficult to realize. ", "Where a receiver receives transmitted data, if data of insufficient rising/falling characteristics is received, pattern effects occur and the data quality may degrade through, for example, dropping of data.", "\nIn the prior art, optical transmitter circuits for transmitting data primarily employed the single driving method being superior in terms of the power consumption for low-speed communications. ", "However, as the communications speed increases to 622 Mbps, 1.25 Gbps, . . . , ", "the differential driving method is becoming the mainstream.", "\nUnder such circumstances, as an example of a measure for shaping the waveform of transmitted data, a technique is known in the art to control the amplitude of the input voltage to the laser diode driving differential switch transistors in connection with the amplitude of the modulation current to the laser diode (see Patent Document 1).", "\nPatent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. ", "5-218543" ]

[ 0, 0.009433962264150943, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012658227848101266, 0, 0, 0.016129032258064516, 0 ]